貧困地區范文10篇

時(shi)間(jian):2024-03-03 22:50:02

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貧困地區公共文化服務供給研究

一、引言

文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是廣(guang)大貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)群(qun)眾的(de)精神(shen)食糧(liang),在(zai)(zai)實現全面(mian)脫貧(pin)中(zhong)起著重要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)。2017年全國連片(pian)特(te)困(kun)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)教育(yu)娛樂消(xiao)費僅883元,相(xiang)當(dang)于全國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)四分之三(san),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)入13432元,而連片(pian)特(te)困(kun)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)入僅有(you)9264元[1],貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)給有(you)待從供(gong)給側(ce)(ce)發力。從2015年底中(zhong)央提出(chu)(chu)“供(gong)給側(ce)(ce)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)”,迅速引起我國經濟領域(yu)的(de)高度重視(shi)。在(zai)(zai)社會科(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)各個領域(yu),“供(gong)給側(ce)(ce)”改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)理(li)念(nian)也逐步受到關注(zhu),并被學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們廣(guang)泛運用(yong)。“十三(san)五(wu)”規(gui)劃強(qiang)調在(zai)(zai)未來發展(zhan)中(zhong)要(yao)克服(fu)供(gong)需(xu)失(shi)衡等(deng)(deng)一系(xi)列問(wen)題,而文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)供(gong)需(xu)平(ping)衡是重要(yao)內容。學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)們的(de)研(yan)(yan)究聚焦于公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)給側(ce)(ce)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)意(yi)義、存在(zai)(zai)的(de)問(wen)題(歐(ou)小蓉[2])、內涵(陳(chen)(chen)莎[3])、基(ji)于需(xu)求現狀(zhuang)調研(yan)(yan)與(yu)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)狀(zhuang)況及地方實踐(jian)探(tan)索總(zong)結的(de)供(gong)給側(ce)(ce)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)策(ce)略(lve)(陳(chen)(chen)艷[4]、張忠[5]、黃君(jun)錄[6])、基(ji)層文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)隊(dui)伍(wu)建設(she)(she)(彭雷霆[7])、“互聯網+”視(shi)域(yu)下(xia)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)供(gong)給側(ce)(ce)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)動力機制設(she)(she)計(陳(chen)(chen)波[8])、實踐(jian)探(tan)索(姜雯昱[9])等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)。王為(wei)理(li)等(deng)(deng)梳理(li)公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產品有(you)效供(gong)給不能滿足農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)原因(yin),基(ji)于公益電影放映項(xiang)(xiang)目和繼續教育(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目兩類項(xiang)(xiang)目進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析,進(jin)(jin)而提出(chu)(chu)創(chuang)(chuang)新新媒(mei)體(ti)(ti)(ti)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺等(deng)(deng)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)對策(ce)[10]。陳(chen)(chen)建提出(chu)(chu)自治與(yu)他治形成(cheng)合(he)力、整體(ti)(ti)(ti)性政(zheng)府合(he)作伙伴關系(xi)、線(xian)下(xia)與(yu)線(xian)上(shang)互補優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)革(ge)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)策(ce)略(lve)[11]。汪開利在(zai)(zai)總(zong)結當(dang)前安(an)徽公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)現狀(zhuang)的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang),設(she)(she)計多(duo)元供(gong)給配(pei)置、精準對接(jie)需(xu)求、實施(shi)科(ke)技引領等(deng)(deng)創(chuang)(chuang)新安(an)徽公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)模式的(de)發展(zhan)路徑[12]。特(te)別是《“十三(san)五(wu)”時期貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設(she)(she)規(gui)劃綱要(yao)》強(qiang)調“公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)實現,貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是最艱巨(ju)、最繁重的(de)”[13]。本文(wen)(wen)(wen)研(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)部地區(qu)(qu)安(an)徽省貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)給運行(xing)機制,試圖(tu)探(tan)索減少(shao)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)公共(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供(gong)中(zhong)與(yu)需(xu)求不相(xiang)適應、不相(xiang)匹配(pei)的(de)內容,為(wei)促進(jin)(jin)供(gong)需(xu)協(xie)調與(yu)匹配(pei),促進(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源公平(ping)共(gong)享提出(chu)(chu)建議。

二、安徽貧困地區(qu)公(gong)共文(wen)化服務的供給現狀

截(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)20個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國家級扶貧(pin)(pin)重點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、12個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)集中連(lian)(lian)片特困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)人口為679.1萬,排(pai)名前三位的(de)(de)(de)(de)致貧(pin)(pin)原因依次(ci)(ci)是因病(bing)、因殘和(he)(he)缺勞動(dong)力[14],2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月—11月,選取利辛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)望疃鎮(zhen)辛溝(gou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、臨(lin)泉(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)高(gao)塘鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)賈王村(cun)(cun)(cun)、金寨(zhai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天堂寨(zhai)鎮(zhen)泗河村(cun)(cun)(cun)、望江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)雷池鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三河村(cun)(cun)(cun)四個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)干部(bu)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)進行個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)別(bie)訪談,發(fa)現貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)居民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)需求更傾向于(yu)(yu)(yu)群眾自組織類的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)或(huo)去休閑(xian)健(jian)身(shen)器材鍛煉,而對閱讀或(huo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)站(zhan)等(deng)(deng)政府組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)參與較少(shao)。截(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)皖江城市(shi)帶鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)設施的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)及(ji)率看,絕(jue)大多數(shu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)都有(you)(you)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)站(zhan),只(zhi)有(you)(you)安(an)(an)慶市(shi)沒有(you)(you)達到全覆(fu)蓋;而劇(ju)場和(he)(he)影劇(ju)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)及(ji)率則較低(di),最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)為馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山,達到28.57%,但與發(fa)達城市(shi)上(shang)海市(shi)68.9%的(de)(de)(de)(de)占比仍有(you)(you)很大差(cha)距;鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)公(gong)園及(ji)休閑(xian)健(jian)身(shen)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)及(ji)率也(ye)達到80%以(yi)上(shang),最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仍然是馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山,這與馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)山積極探(tan)索公(gong)共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)服務供給(gei)側改革有(you)(you)密(mi)切關(guan)系,但與無錫(xi)市(shi)、寧波市(shi)、舟山市(shi)100%的(de)(de)(de)(de)全覆(fu)蓋還有(you)(you)一(yi)定差(cha)距。在(zai)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)供給(gei)方面,2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)和(he)(he)旅(lv)游部(bu)公(gong)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)等(deng)(deng)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)中,其(qi)中一(yi)等(deng)(deng)和(he)(he)二等(deng)(deng)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省累(lei)計(ji)達到64個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),國貧(pin)(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)集中連(lian)(lian)片特困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中分(fen)別(bie)有(you)(you)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)未達到三等(deng)(deng)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)評定標準(zhun),9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中,一(yi)、二等(deng)(deng)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)累(lei)計(ji)達到5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),而霍(huo)邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)蕭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)尚未達到三等(deng)(deng)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)標準(zhun)[15]。在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)供給(gei)方面,近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地區(qu)增加(jia)了人、財、物的(de)(de)(de)(de)供給(gei),以(yi)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為例(li),2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)活(huo)動(dong)和(he)(he)訓練的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)并不弱于(yu)(yu)(yu)懷寧、樅陽、五河、固鎮(zhen)、東至(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)非(fei)(fei)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),其(qi)中臨(lin)泉(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為1533次(ci)(ci),利辛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)超(chao)過100次(ci)(ci);用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)活(huo)動(dong)舉辦等(deng)(deng)各(ge)項(xiang)支出也(ye)均超(chao)過100萬元,最(zui)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太湖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)支出109.3萬元。從(cong)站(zhan)均組織文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)來看,除了阜南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)略低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)非(fei)(fei)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)外,其(qi)余8個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)均超(chao)過5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)非(fei)(fei)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)泉(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接近(jin)50次(ci)(ci)/個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),約為5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)非(fei)(fei)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)平均值的(de)(de)(de)(de)5倍,站(zhan)均舉辦訓練班班次(ci)(ci)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中也(ye)有(you)(you)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)非(fei)(fei)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)值12次(ci)(ci)/個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。

三、安(an)徽貧困地(di)區公共文化服務存在的問題

(一(yi))供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)總(zong)量逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)增長(chang),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)質量和(he)(he)(he)效(xiao)率偏低。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)財(cai)政(zheng)對(dui)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)策(ce)傾斜力(li)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)大(da)(da),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)、資金(jin)(jin)(jin)、公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)數量逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)增長(chang)。表現(xian)在(zai)(zai)如人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)上(shang)(shang)(shang),從2013年(nian)(nian)起,實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)支持計劃(hua),以2018年(nian)(nian)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)選(xuan)派指標計劃(hua)為(wei)(wei)例,國(guo)貧(pin)(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、省貧(pin)(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)他(ta)各(ge)(ge)市縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分別(bie)(bie)按(an)10人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、5人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)3人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)選(xuan)派[16];在(zai)(zai)財(cai)力(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)上(shang)(shang)(shang),2018年(nian)(nian)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong),位居(ju)前五位依次是(shi)(shi)歙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨泉(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、霍(huo)邱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),五個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)四個(ge)(ge)(ge)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)貧(pin)(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。但(dan)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)配置(zhi)仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)理(li)(li),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)質量和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)效(xiao)率不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),在(zai)(zai)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省41被(bei)評(ping)定為(wei)(wei)一(yi)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館中(zhong)(zhong),位于集中(zhong)(zhong)連片特困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只有(you)(you)潁(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、太(tai)(tai)湖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)岳西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館,而深度(du)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)只有(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)(jin)寨和(he)(he)(he)太(tai)(tai)湖圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館為(wei)(wei)一(yi)級(ji)[15]。在(zai)(zai)服務(wu)產出上(shang)(shang)(shang),以安(an)(an)(an)慶市貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)太(tai)(tai)湖和(he)(he)(he)非貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)桐(tong)城(cheng)相比(bi)較(jiao),2018年(nian)(nian)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)藏書(shu)(shu)量分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)0.302和(he)(he)(he)0.205冊/人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),但(dan)總(zong)流(liu)通人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次卻(que)分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)221.23千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次和(he)(he)(he)317.86千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次。在(zai)(zai)走訪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利辛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)望(wang)疃鎮(zhen)(zhen)辛溝村(cun)(cun)、臨泉(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)高(gao)塘(tang)鄉賈王村(cun)(cun)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天堂寨鎮(zhen)(zhen)泗河村(cun)(cun)、望(wang)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)雷池(chi)鄉三河村(cun)(cun)等多(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)書(shu)(shu)屋(wu),都(dou)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)書(shu)(shu)籍利用率低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍現(xian)象(xiang),且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)綜(zong)合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站(zhan)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)硬(ying)件設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陳(chen)舊老化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),軟件設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)顯(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。(二)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)與(yu)需(xu)求有(you)(you)所脫(tuo)節,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)失衡。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持力(li)度(du)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增強(qiang),投(tou)(tou)入到公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)組(zu)(zu)織和(he)(he)(he)舉(ju)辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia),扶(fu)持政(zheng)策(ce)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)推出跟進,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)組(zu)(zu)織建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)難(nan),居(ju)民(min)(min)受歡(huan)迎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)動(dong)較(jiao)少(shao)(shao),參與(yu)率不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),難(nan)以滿足(zu)(zu)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、差(cha)異化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、多(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)求。以國(guo)家新聞出版署(shu)制定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家書(shu)(shu)屋(wu)《推薦目錄》為(wei)(wei)例,安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省2015年(nian)(nian)《選(xuan)用目錄》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)《推薦目錄》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)9%[17]。由于自(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)而下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式,群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表達(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)暢(chang)通,送(song)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多(duo),種文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)少(shao)(shao),致使(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)對(dui)接居(ju)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需(xu)求,貼(tie)近貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)百姓生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝(yi)作品不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo),以潛(qian)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)2018年(nian)(nian)164場送(song)戲進萬村(cun)(cun)演出為(wei)(wei)例,通過對(dui)潛(qian)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)黃(huang)柏鎮(zhen)(zhen)、五廟鄉、梅城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)3各(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)行政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)訪談,雖(sui)然這些活(huo)動(dong)也(ye)送(song)去了歡(huan)聲笑(xiao)語,但(dan)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)喜歡(huan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)組(zu)(zu)織開展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)。在(zai)(zai)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)上(shang)(shang)(shang),大(da)(da)量農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樂園(yuan)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)活(huo)動(dong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復制式建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)內容趨(qu)同性,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式單一(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),存(cun)在(zai)(zai)基層文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)閑置(zhi)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)活(huo)動(dong)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參與(yu)等無(wu)效(xiao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)投(tou)(tou)入與(yu)產出不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成正比(bi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)惠民(min)(min)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目沒(mei)有(you)(you)收到良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果,公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)空間布局不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)理(li)(li),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)配送(song)網(wang)絡建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完善。(三)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全,缺乏文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)。通過課題(ti)組(zu)(zu)抽樣(yang)調(diao)查,對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈璧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)黃(huang)灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、碭山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)朱樓鎮(zhen)(zhen)、阜南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)王堰(yan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、宿松縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)許嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)等4個(ge)(ge)(ge)綜(zong)合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)研(yan)(yan),并對(dui)管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)進行訪談,調(diao)研(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)還發(fa)現(xian)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)“散(san)、亂、差(cha)、少(shao)(shao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)仍很突出,創新模式較(jiao)少(shao)(shao),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)與(yu)非貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相比(bi),有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)(da)差(cha)距。在(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)、服務(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),基層綜(zong)合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站(zhan)、農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樂園(yuan)等工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)責(ze)任(ren)心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)強(qiang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)積極主動(dong)地(di)(di)(di)開展(zhan)(zhan)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)作。在(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),雖(sui)然實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)了文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)程等各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)政(zheng)策(ce),但(dan)對(dui)于貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)依然缺乏優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai),難(nan)以吸引(yin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)能(neng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)留在(zai)(zai)本地(di)(di)(di),業(ye)余群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)隊伍也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)壯(zhuang)大(da)(da),部分優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)特色(se)技藝(yi)面(mian)臨無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)繼承的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)境。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong),絕(jue)大(da)(da)部分貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)側改革中(zhong)(zhong),并沒(mei)有(you)(you)采用有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績效(xiao)評(ping)價機制來考核和(he)(he)(he)量化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)作。在(zai)(zai)調(diao)研(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong),筆者發(fa)現(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)(shao)貧(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)并沒(mei)有(you)(you)與(yu)經濟、社會(hui)、環境、生(sheng)態等各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)相融合(he),更(geng)沒(mei)有(you)(you)將文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)置(zhi)于整個(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)背景(jing)中(zhong)(zhong),因此(ci),以文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、以美(mei)育人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)并沒(mei)有(you)(you)充分發(fa)揮(hui)出來,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反哺經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)(you)更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)。

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貧困地區村民自治現狀分析

摘要(yao):當前(qian)西部貧困地區在村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治過程(cheng)中,鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)行政的(de)(de)過度干預與(yu)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治功能萎縮現象十分嚴重(zhong),造成了鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)行政權與(yu)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治權關系(xi)失衡。要(yao)改善這一(yi)(yi)關系(xi),一(yi)(yi)是(shi)要(yao)依(yi)法改善鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)治理體制(zhi)和(he)方(fang)式,界定村(cun)(cun)務與(yu)政務,增設(she)派出機構(gou)(gou),為村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治提供廣闊的(de)(de)空間,二是(shi)要(yao)落實村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治各個環節,構(gou)(gou)建科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治結構(gou)(gou),平衡和(he)規(gui)范自(zi)(zi)治權力(li)內部關系(xi),努力(li)提高(gao)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治能力(li)。

2O世紀8O年代以來,我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基層(ceng)管理體制(zhi)(zhi)和治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理方式發(fa)生了深刻變(bian)化,兩種力量及其制(zhi)(zhi)度模式構(gou)成我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)社會“鄉政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)格局。一是自(zi)上而下(xia)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)權(quan)力,具(ju)體表現為(wei)(wei)黨(dang)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)領導下(xia)的(de)鄉鎮政(zheng)府行政(zheng)管理權(quan);二是存在(zai)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)社會的(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan),村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)通(tong)過自(zi)我管理、自(zi)我教(jiao)育、自(zi)我服務的(de)基層(ceng)群眾性自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)織村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)委(wei)員會對自(zi)己進行管理,按照民(min)(min)主的(de)原則實行選舉、決策(ce)、管理和監督。我國(guo)西部(bu)貧(pin)困地區(qu)由(you)于(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟、歷史和自(zi)然條件的(de)原因,在(zai)推行村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)兩者產生了諸多矛盾,鄉鎮行政(zheng)權(quan)與村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)的(de)沖突成為(wei)(wei)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)突出(chu)問題(ti)之一,而當前西部(bu)貧(pin)困農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入增長緩慢、交通(tong)落(luo)后、土地分(fen)散(san)、粗放經(jing)營效率(lv)低、公(gong)共衛生建設嚴重滯后、公(gong)共水利工(gong)程(cheng)年久失修等現狀(zhuang),急需充分(fen)發(fa)揮村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)背(bei)景下(xia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)的(de)民(min)(min)主創造性和主動性,并且(qie)需要國(guo)家(jia)負責(ze)任的(de)引導和幫助,絕不能將國(guo)家(jia)應(ying)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)責(ze)任和費用變(bian)相轉嫁于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)或壓制(zhi)(zhi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)運行。所以正(zheng)確(que)協調兩者之間的(de)關系十分(fen)必(bi)要和重要。

一、貧(pin)困地區鄉鎮行政權(quan)與村(cun)民(min)自治(zhi)權(quan)關系現狀分(fen)析(xi)

 根據(ju)《村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會組(zu)織法(fa)(fa)》第(di)4條規定(ding):“鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民(min)(min)(min)族鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)人民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)對村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)給予指(zhi)導(dao)、支持和幫助,但是(shi)(shi)不(bu)得干(gan)預依法(fa)(fa)屬(shu)于(yu)村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)范圍(wei)內的(de)事項。村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會協助鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民(min)(min)(min)族鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)人民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)開(kai)展工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)”。此規定(ding)明(ming)確界定(ding)了鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)政(zheng)府(fu)與村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系,實質上(shang)是(shi)(shi)村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)權(quan)與鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)行政(zheng)權(quan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系在法(fa)(fa)律上(shang)的(de)定(ding)位,他們應是(shi)(shi)“指(zhi)導(dao)與被(bei)指(zhi)導(dao),協助與被(bei)協助關(guan)(guan)(guan)系”。但對西部貧困(kun)地區村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)現(xian)狀而言,現(xian)實中的(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)行政(zheng)權(quan)與村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)權(quan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系常(chang)常(chang)與法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規存在著(zhu)種(zhong)種(zhong)偏離(li),突(tu)出(chu)表現(xian)在以下兩個方(fang)面:

一是鄉鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治組織的頻繁(fan)干預與(yu)過度(du)控制,將(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)委員會當作鄉鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的下屬(shu)機(ji)構進行(xing)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)領導,布置(zhi)各項任(ren)務并(bing)下達(da)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)指令,從而轉嫁鄉鎮行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)權應承擔的責任(ren)和費(fei)用(yong)于(yu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治組織和村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min),造成國家(jia)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)權與(yu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治權的空擋與(yu)錯位。一般表現(xian)為以(yi)下四種方式:

第一(yi)(yi),鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治組(zu)織的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)事控(kong)制(zhi)。按照(zhao)《村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)委員(yuan)會組(zu)織法(fa)》規定(ding),村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)委員(yuan)會成(cheng)員(yuan)由村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主選(xuan)(xuan)舉產生,對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)會議負責,鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)政(zheng)府(fu)無權(quan)任免,但(dan)實(shi)際(ji)操作中鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)政(zheng)府(fu)通過在(zai)村(cun)(cun)干部(bu)中培植自(zi)己的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)間接控(kong)制(zhi)。例如在(zai)選(xuan)(xuan)舉中對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)委員(yuan)會成(cheng)員(yuan)資(zi)格進行(xing)(xing)限制(zhi),使他們認(ren)為“聽話的(de)(de)”、“有能力”的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)當(dang)選(xuan)(xuan)。將(jiang)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治組(zu)織的(de)(de)“當(dang)家人(ren)(ren)(ren)”轉變(bian)成(cheng)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,造(zao)成(cheng)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治組(zu)織角色錯位。雖(sui)然便利了(le)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)管制(zhi)和所屬行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)責任的(de)(de)完成(cheng),但(dan)往往造(zao)成(cheng)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)心目中精英(ying)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物落選(xuan)(xuan),壓制(zhi)了(le)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主權(quan)利實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)構(gou)想(xiang)與向往,實(shi)質上是對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治權(quan)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種剝奪。

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農村貧困地區教育芻議

隨著我國經濟的(de)不斷(duan)發展(zhan)和(he)社會(hui)的(de)持續(xu)進步,作為素(su)質(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)重要方面(mian)的(de)美術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)也(ye)取得了(le)(le)突破性進展(zhan)。教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部先后頒(ban)布(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)《學(xue)(xue)校藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)工作規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》、《基礎教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改革綱要(試行)》、《全日(ri)制(zhi)義務(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)美術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)標準(實驗稿)》和(he)《普通高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)美術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)標準》,并(bing)于*年(nian)(nian)5月頒(ban)布(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)《全國學(xue)(xue)校藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)規(gui)劃(*—2010年(nian)(nian))》,明(ming)確以全面(mian)推進素(su)質(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)為目標,深化課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)改革為核心(xin),加強教(jiao)(jiao)師隊伍建設(she)為關鍵。以普及(ji)和(he)發展(zhan)農村學(xue)(xue)校藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)為重點,大(da)力弘揚中(zhong)華民族(zu)的(de)優(you)秀(xiu)文(wen)化藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),積(ji)(ji)極(ji)學(xue)(xue)習世界的(de)優(you)秀(xiu)文(wen)化藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。堅(jian)持積(ji)(ji)極(ji)進取,因地制(zhi)宜,真抓(zhua)實干(gan),切實提高(gao)(gao)工作質(zhi)量和(he)管理水平,使我國學(xue)(xue)校藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)再上新臺(tai)階(jie)的(de)指導思想。提出至*年(nian)(nian),九年(nian)(nian)義務(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)階(jie)段城市學(xue)(xue)校藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)開課(ke)率(lv)(lv)達到100%,農村學(xue)(xue)校達到90%,處(chu)境(jing)不利地區的(de)學(xue)(xue)校達70%;至2010年(nian)(nian),農村學(xue)(xue)校開課(ke)率(lv)(lv)達到100%,處(chu)境(jing)不利地區的(de)學(xue)(xue)校達到80%,高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)階(jie)段所(suo)有學(xue)(xue)校按規(gui)定開設(she)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)。

近幾(ji)年(nian)來,各級(ji)各類學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校在(zai)美(mei)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)方面進行了(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)改革與探索,尤其在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)較(jiao)發達的(de)(de)城(cheng)市和城(cheng)鎮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校取得(de)了(le)(le)令(ling)人矚目的(de)(de)成績,積累了(le)(le)很多寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)。但我們在(zai)欣喜之余,也應(ying)清醒地看到,在(zai)我國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)相對落后的(de)(de)廣大農村(cun)中小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校,藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)正(zheng)面臨(lin)著諸(zhu)多現(xian)實困(kun)境(jing),開展得(de)還相當薄(bo)弱,離《全國(guo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)規劃(*—2010年(nian))}中提出(chu)的(de)(de)具體目標還相距甚遠。可以(yi)說,沒有占全國(guo)受教育(yu)(yu)(yu)人口80%的(de)(de)大多數農村(cun)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)繁榮,我們就(jiu)無(wu)法實現(xian)既定的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)目標,提高整個(ge)國(guo)民(min)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)素質更無(wu)從談起(qi)。因此(ci),筆者(zhe)對農村(cun)貧困(kun)地區學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校美(mei)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)問題進行了(le)(le)一些思考,以(yi)期引起(qi)大家(jia)都來關注農村(cun)美(mei)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu),并(bing)把農村(cun)美(mei)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)落到實處。

一、目前貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)區(qu)學校美術教育的困(kun)境

改革開(kai)放以來,雖(sui)然我國農村經濟(ji)有(you)了很大(da)(da)發(fa)展(zhan),但由于(yu)歷史、政治和地(di)理等諸方面的(de)原因,中西部廣大(da)(da)農村,尤其(qi)是一些(xie)老(lao)、少、邊、窮地(di)區(qu)的(de)經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)落后于(yu)東(dong)部及(ji)沿海經濟(ji)發(fa)達地(di)區(qu),這種(zhong)嚴峻的(de)現實狀況(kuang)導(dao)致了這些(xie)地(di)區(qu)學校(xiao)的(de)美術教育面臨著重重困境。

貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)學(xue)校(xiao)美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)困(kun)境就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匱乏(fa)。就(jiu)筆(bi)者(zhe)所在(zai)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查,目(mu)前(qian)近(jin)(jin)(jin)60%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)沒有專(zhuan)職美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi),很多(duo)學(xue)校(xiao)讓(rang)其他(ta)(ta)(ta)學(xue)科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老師(shi)(shi)兼任,使美術(shu)(shu)課(ke)流(liu)(liu)于形式。整體美術(shu)(shu)開課(ke)率尚達不(bu)(bu)到40%。同時(shi),我們(men)卻又看到另(ling)一種現(xian)象,隨著高等教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),近(jin)(jin)(jin)幾年從高師(shi)(shi)美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)和(he)其他(ta)(ta)(ta)美術(shu)(shu)院(yuan)校(xiao)畢業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本專(zhuan)科大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)生寧愿(yuan)漂(piao)在(zai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟較發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市里(li)打工(gong),也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)意到農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)從事美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)工(gong)作,造成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才閑(xian)置與(yu)浪(lang)費。這(zhe)固然有大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)生方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因,但其中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟原(yuan)因。這(zhe)些大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)生幾年專(zhuan)業(ye)學(xue)習下(xia)來(lai),往(wang)往(wang)花費了近(jin)(jin)(jin)三四(si)萬元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)庭收(shou)入,他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)希望盡早實現(xian)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值,為家(jia)庭分憂(you),而目(mu)前(qian),貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)學(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)待遇(yu)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)吸引他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)安心工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)種狀況延續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間越(yue)長,就(jiu)會造成(cheng)(cheng)惡性循環,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)就(jiu)會越(yue)匱乏(fa)。而且隨著社會信息交流(liu)(liu)和(he)開放(fang)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)現(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師(shi)(shi)資也(ye)(ye)在(zai)流(liu)(liu)失,鄉鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老師(shi)(shi)向縣城(cheng)學(xue)校(xiao)流(liu)(liu)動(dong),縣城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)向經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市公立或私立學(xue)校(xiao)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)。這(zhe)無疑對農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)釜底(di)抽薪。過(guo)去在(zai)計劃經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟時(shi)代,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)學(xue)校(xiao)和(he)大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)市學(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距沒那么大(da)(da)(da),現(xian)在(zai)差(cha)距越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況已不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)個別現(xian)象。

現(xian)有師資(zi)水準(zhun)較為落(luo)后是農村(cun)美(mei)術(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育面臨的(de)又一困境。農村(cun)學(xue)校現(xian)有的(de)美(mei)術(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師一部(bu)分為非專(zhuan)業兼職教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師,另一部(bu)分多為20世紀(ji)90年代(dai)以前畢(bi)業的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)師畢(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng)或專(zhuan)科畢(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng)。筆(bi)者在調查中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),許多農村(cun)學(xue)校美(mei)術(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育還(huan)是讓學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)長期去畫(hua)石膏幾何(he)形體或者簡筆(bi)畫(hua),忽視鮮活(huo)的(de)現(xian)實生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)和變(bian)化了(le)的(de)社會現(xian)實,更沒(mei)有考慮(lv)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)情感、興趣和需(xu)要,與學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)經驗相脫(tuo)離,自然(ran)也不(bu)可能取得好的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)效果。當然(ran),美(mei)術(shu)師資(zi)水準(zhun)的(de)落(luo)后與教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育機構、學(xue)校對教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)設備的(de)投入(ru)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師繼續教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育情況也有很(hen)大(da)關(guan)系(xi)。目前,80%的(de)農村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)沒(mei)有專(zhuan)門的(de)美(mei)術(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)室或美(mei)術(shu)活(huo)動場所。

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貧困地區公共文化服務供給分析

隨著“十三五”時(shi)期文(wen)(wen)化扶貧戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)深入(ru)推進,我國在100多個(ge)貧困地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建立了卓有成(cheng)效的(de)(de)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)試點工(gong)程,公共(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)在脫貧、教育的(de)(de)實踐中(zhong)可(ke)謂碩果(guo)累累。以(yi)來,黨和政府(fu)對(dui)于貧困地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)供給力(li)(li)度顯著加強。公共(gong)(gong)(gong)圖書館有必要發揮其文(wen)(wen)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)媒(mei)介功能,從精神到(dao)實踐層(ceng)面不(bu)(bu)斷地(di)(di)推動貧困地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)文(wen)(wen)化建設前行,真(zhen)正將積極(ji)的(de)(de)精神和正面的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化傳播到(dao)每一個(ge)人,從而提高(gao)貧困地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)人口的(de)(de)人文(wen)(wen)質素養,通過(guo)不(bu)(bu)斷提高(gao)圖書館文(wen)(wen)化治理功效,為貧困地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)發展提供智力(li)(li)支持[1]。

1公共文化(hua)服務的(de)功能及其(qi)價值

公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)潛移(yi)默化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)推動我(wo)國(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義和(he)諧社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代背景下(xia),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)效能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)進(jin)(jin)一步強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),不但能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)培育社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義核心(xin)(xin)價(jia)值觀(guan),更能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)(li)上(shang)全面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)地(di)(di)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)素(su)質,改善(shan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)環境(jing),從(cong)而傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播正(zheng)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)和(he)新(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)軟實力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi),對(dui)精(jing)(jing)神文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明、科(ke)教(jiao)事(shi)業和(he)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義[2]。1.1精(jing)(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梳理(li)(li)與(yu)感(gan)知(zhi)(zhi)認(ren)(ren)同(tong)。圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)為知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)等(deng)內(nei)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)頭,其文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)宣導(dao)(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不斷(duan)增強,其能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為民(min)(min)眾(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)精(jing)(jing)神認(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)和(he)情感(gan)感(gan)知(zhi)(zhi),這(zhe)種文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延續而持續強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)計(ji)算機信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)“信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)流”模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)而逐(zhu)漸轉向多元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),這(zhe)就要(yao)求(qiu)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)建(jian)立新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)平臺(tai),拓寬文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),從(cong)精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)圍(wei)繞(rao)(rao)“精(jing)(jing)神文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明”來進(jin)(jin)行創新(xin)(xin)和(he)革(ge)新(xin)(xin),真正(zheng)鎖(suo)定文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶,并精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)匹配(pei)內(nei)容(rong),在(zai)教(jiao)育、科(ke)研(yan)、醫療、扶貧、商業等(deng)多領域創造更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)價(jia)值,將(jiang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)形態匹配(pei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)流文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),同(tong)時(shi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)認(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)潛移(yi)默化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體效度[3]。1.2文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)與(yu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)實現。公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)供(gong)給模(mo)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)不斷(duan)地(di)(di)進(jin)(jin)行延展(zhan),從(cong)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)交互到當今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。因(yin)此,公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)(yong)共同(tong)成長下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“生態圈”,其中(zhong)包含了(le)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)交互、知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播、科(ke)研(yan)教(jiao)育和(he)民(min)(min)眾(zhong)教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)多方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)內(nei)容(rong),而公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本。首先,公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)起到教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),從(cong)教(jiao)育角度出發(fa)(fa)來構建(jian)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)形態,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高民(min)(min)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)素(su)質,在(zai)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個節(jie)點(dian)中(zhong)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)規范行為、優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溝通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。其次,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)去蕪存菁,摒棄社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不良(liang)風(feng)氣(qi),保證國(guo)(guo)家(jia)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)形態充滿“正(zheng)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)”。同(tong)時(shi),圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)五千年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)秀文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)復興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)(ji)礎。最后,圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)頭。圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)供(gong)給模(mo)式(shi),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)進(jin)(jin)一步傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播我(wo)國(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義核心(xin)(xin)價(jia)值觀(guan),自(zi)上(shang)而下(xia)形成一種向心(xin)(xin)力和(he)凝聚力,大力推動社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。1.3公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎保障,圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)政治(zhi)、經濟、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,在(zai)弘揚(yang)“團結”“誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)”“友(you)善(shan)”“奉獻”等(deng)正(zheng)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),在(zai)教(jiao)育和(he)教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)幫助(zhu)人們(men)感(gan)知(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神力量(liang),推動社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)形態緊緊地(di)(di)圍(wei)繞(rao)(rao)在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)流文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)思(si)路之上(shang),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)幫助(zhu)人們(men)認(ren)(ren)清(qing)事(shi)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)與(yu)錯、真與(yu)假、善(shan)與(yu)惡、因(yin)與(yu)果,這(zhe)種持續不斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神宣導(dao)(dao)和(he)教(jiao)育教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),可(ke)以(yi)為社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設源(yuan)源(yuan)不斷(duan)地(di)(di)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)支撐力量(liang)[4]。

2貧困地區公共文化服務(wu)現(xian)狀調查

2017年,全(quan)國仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)超過(guo)(guo)3000萬(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou),其中(zhong)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)規模在(zai)(zai)300萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)省份有(you)(you)(you)(you)6個(ge)(ge),而(er)教育(yu)水(shui)平不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)和信息(xi)流通不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)暢直接(jie)(jie)阻滯(zhi)我(wo)國脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步伐,盡管(guan)每年平均減(jian)少貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)近1100萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren),但(dan)是(shi)扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)越(yue)往后難(nan)(nan)度(du)(du)越(yue)大[5]。因(yin)此(ci),為(wei)了(le)從根(gen)(gen)(gen)源(yuan)上推動(dong)脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實(shi),避免脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)后再度(du)(du)返貧(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)必(bi)要深(shen)(shen)(shen)入貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區了(le)解公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)現(xian)狀(zhuang),分析其根(gen)(gen)(gen)源(yuan)并有(you)(you)(you)(you)針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)提(ti)出對(dui)(dui)策和建議,在(zai)(zai)政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大力(li)(li)推動(dong)下(xia)(xia),切實(shi)改善貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu),為(wei)我(wo)國新時(shi)代(dai)社會(hui)主義(yi)建設(she)事業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展貢獻力(li)(li)量。2.1蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)概(gai)況(kuang)。全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)瑤族(zu)鄉最(zui)偏遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),位(wei)于大山深(shen)(shen)(shen)處。村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委距鄉政府20公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,轄24個(ge)(ge)自然村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),27個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民小(xiao)組,共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)2189人(ren)(ren)。全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)旱地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1300多(duo)(duo)(duo)畝,水(shui)田780多(duo)(duo)(duo)畝,林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)9萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)畝。農作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物以(yi)水(shui)稻(dao)、紅薯(shu)、玉米(mi)為(wei)主,林(lin)業則以(yi)杉木為(wei)主。蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎差,底子薄,村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民居(ju)住(zhu)稀散(san),交通十(shi)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)便;經(jing)濟(ji)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)發展均滯(zhi)后,村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)薄弱單一,發展缺乏(fa)可持續性。2.2蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)現(xian)狀(zhuang)。全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)占(zhan)比較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao),當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)軟(ruan)、硬件設(she)施(shi)匱乏(fa),全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)滯(zhi)后。筆者為(wei)深(shen)(shen)(shen)入了(le)解當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)現(xian)狀(zhuang),設(she)計(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了(le)調查問(wen)卷。問(wen)卷內容(rong)涉及當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特征(zheng)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)意(yi)識(shi)、接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)訴求等(deng)(deng)方面。據對(dui)(dui)100份問(wen)卷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統計(ji)(ji)發現(xian),蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)存在(zai)(zai)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)問(wen)題(ti)。2.2.1居(ju)民文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)低。據對(dui)(dui)100份問(wen)卷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統計(ji)(ji),中(zhong)學以(yi)下(xia)(xia)學歷(li)者占(zhan)據93%,見(jian)表(biao)(biao)1。多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)人(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)于讀(du)書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou),認(ren)為(wei)讀(du)書(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)種地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),獲得新知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愿(yuan)望不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強。2.2.2對(dui)(dui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知程(cheng)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)。如(ru)表(biao)(biao)2所(suo)(suo)示,全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民對(dui)(dui)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知程(cheng)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),認(ren)為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)也(ye)沒用者居(ju)多(duo)(duo)(duo),對(dui)(dui)于知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解程(cheng)度(du)(du)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)。2.2.3接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑較(jiao)(jiao)少。如(ru)表(biao)(biao)3所(suo)(suo)示,當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途(tu)徑較(jiao)(jiao)少,而(er)去過(guo)(guo)圖書(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)僅占(zhan)調查總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7%,區域(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)比較(jiao)(jiao)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)乏(fa),公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)低。2.2.4文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)意(yi)識(shi)比較(jiao)(jiao)淡薄。如(ru)表(biao)(biao)4所(suo)(suo)示,接(jie)(jie)受(shou)調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)100人(ren)(ren)中(zhong),主動(dong)表(biao)(biao)示愿(yuan)意(yi)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)數(shu)為(wei)15人(ren)(ren),絕大多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)民眾沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識(shi)。總體(ti)(ti)(ti)來(lai)(lai)看(kan),全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)堪憂,主要限于當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)社會(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)發展水(shui)平不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)很大一部分人(ren)(ren)還處于貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)水(shui)平線以(yi)下(xia)(xia),村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)意(yi)識(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強,公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)健全(quan),圖書(shu)館(guan)也(ye)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)展工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。2.3蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)缺失(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)。全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺失(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很多(duo)(duo)(duo)原因(yin):首(shou)先,當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo),群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平普遍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao),在(zai)(zai)這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境下(xia)(xia)圖書(shu)館(guan)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)建立導向性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao),難(nan)(nan)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)結合(he)社會(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)延伸服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu);其次,在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),受(shou)人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)約,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能深(shen)(shen)(shen)入地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)(dui)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)進行(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)宣傳,在(zai)(zai)嚴(yan)峻(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存環(huan)(huan)境下(xia)(xia)更難(nan)(nan)以(yi)進行(xing)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)觀引導;最(zui)后,當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖書(shu)館(guan)并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)利用農村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)書(shu)屋、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)下(xia)(xia)鄉、技(ji)術覆蓋等(deng)(deng)方式來(lai)(lai)提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響力(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)執行(xing)力(li)(li)、服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)(li)缺失(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)導致了(le)圖書(shu)館(guan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)治理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能逐(zhu)漸(jian)弱化(hua)(hua)[6]。總體(ti)(ti)(ti)來(lai)(lai)看(kan),全(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)蕉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)個(ge)(ge)例,但(dan)也(ye)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)了(le)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)(gei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境況(kuang)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系中(zhong)堅力(li)(li)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖書(shu)館(guan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)責任(ren)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)必(bi)要立足(zu)實(shi)際(ji),以(yi)點帶面分析情(qing)況(kuang),進而(er)提(ti)出具有(you)(you)(you)(you)可操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決方案,從根(gen)(gen)(gen)源(yuan)上提(ti)高(gao)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區民眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)素質,為(wei)打(da)好打(da)贏脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)攻堅戰貢獻力(li)(li)量。

3改善(shan)貧困地(di)區(qu)公共文化服務供給狀況的建議

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貧困地區公共文化論文

一、樣本地區的基本情況

蘭考縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)河(he)(he)南省(sheng)東(dong)部(bu),地處豫東(dong)平(ping)(ping)原,總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)積1116平(ping)(ping)方公里,下(xia)(xia)轄(xia)6鎮、10鄉(xiang)(xiang)、1個(ge)工業(ye)區,總(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)口83.68萬(wan)(wan),是國家級扶(fu)貧開發工作重點縣(xian)(xian)。2013年全縣(xian)(xian)實現生產總(zong)(zong)(zong)值192.85億元。嵩縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)河(he)(he)南省(sheng)洛陽市西南部(bu),因(yin)處于(yu)嵩山(shan)山(shan)脈而得名,總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)積3009平(ping)(ping)方公里,下(xia)(xia)轄(xia)9鎮、7鄉(xiang)(xiang)、321個(ge)行政村(cun),總(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)口59.34萬(wan)(wan)。2013年全年實現生產總(zong)(zong)(zong)值146.75億元。固始縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)河(he)(he)南省(sheng)東(dong)南隅,總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)積2946平(ping)(ping)方公里,下(xia)(xia)轄(xia)3個(ge)街道、30個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(鎮)、630個(ge)行政村(cun)(社區),總(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)口173.41萬(wan)(wan),為河(he)(he)南省(sheng)第一(yi)人(ren)口大縣(xian)(xian)。2013年全縣(xian)(xian)實現生產總(zong)(zong)(zong)值236.22億元。

二、樣本地區在(zai)公(gong)共文化建設方面業已取(qu)得的成(cheng)果與經驗(yan)

1.公共(gong)文化服務體(ti)系建設實現了跨(kua)越式(shi)發(fa)展

近年來(lai),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央、省、市(shi)(shi)各級(ji)(ji)(ji)政府(fu)的(de)政策支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)和(he)財(cai)政扶持(chi)(chi)下,貧困地區黨委、政府(fu)提高(gao)對(dui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)作的(de)重視,加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)投入(ru),加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)公共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)力(li)度,努力(li)構建公共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)體(ti)系(xi),初步形成(cheng)(cheng)了以縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、縣(xian)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)“兩館(guan)(guan)(guan)”為(wei)龍(long)頭,以鄉鎮綜(zong)(zong)合文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站為(wei)樞紐,以村文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大(da)(da)(da)院(yuan)(活動(dong)室)為(wei)陣地的(de)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)基層公共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)網絡。蘭(lan)考縣(xian)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)引(yin)進社會各界力(li)量,加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)公共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)。投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)8000萬元建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)三(san)(san)館(guan)(guan)(guan)兩場(蘭(lan)寶圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、體(ti)育館(guan)(guan)(guan),體(ti)育場、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)廣(guang)場)目(mu)前(qian)正在(zai)緊張進行之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)由深圳寶安市(shi)(shi)捐資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)500萬元、總投資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)895萬元建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)蘭(lan)寶圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)已經(jing)建成(cheng)(cheng),投入(ru)使用。天(tian)津圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、天(tian)津少(shao)兒圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)援建的(de)蘭(lan)考分館(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)已在(zai)焦裕祿紀念館(guan)(guan)(guan)開(kai)館(guan)(guan)(guan)。嵩縣(xian)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)爭取中(zhong)(zhong)央、省、市(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin),協調縣(xian)配套資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin),建成(cheng)(cheng)集文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)于一體(ti)的(de)綜(zong)(zong)合性文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)心,圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)國家二級(ji)(ji)(ji)館(guan)(guan)(guan)。固(gu)(gu)始(shi)縣(xian)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)爭取上級(ji)(ji)(ji)補助資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin),完善文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、博(bo)物館(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)(san)館(guan)(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi),圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)國家二級(ji)(ji)(ji)館(guan)(guan)(guan)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)館(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)國家三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)館(guan)(guan)(guan),提升了服務(wu)功(gong)能(neng)和(he)服務(wu)水(shui)平。三(san)(san)縣(xian)都加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)對(dui)鄉鎮、村級(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)建設(she)(she)(she)力(li)度。其中(zhong)(zhong)蘭(lan)考縣(xian)建成(cheng)(cheng)鄉鎮綜(zong)(zong)合文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)站16個(ge),農家書(shu)(shu)屋340個(ge),文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信息資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源共(gong)(gong)享工(gong)程縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心1個(ge),458個(ge)基層服務(wu)點,實現“村村通(tong)”,初步實現了基層文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)全覆蓋(gai)。嵩縣(xian)、固(gu)(gu)始(shi)縣(xian)的(de)基層公共(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)網店(dian)覆蓋(gai)率也(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao)。

2.群眾文化活(huo)動日(ri)益豐富

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貧困地區醫療制度現狀調研

本項目調(diao)查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)104戶貧困家(jia)(jia)庭,分布(bu)在(zai)貴州省(sheng)麻江(jiang)、三穗(sui)、思(si)南和(he)(he)(he)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)4個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)聚(ju)居(ju)地(di)(di)。麻江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)三穗(sui)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處黔(qian)東南苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治州,其中(zhong)麻江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)占(zhan)(zhan)總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)比(bi)例(li)(li)約80%,三穗(sui)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)占(zhan)(zhan)總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)比(bi)例(li)(li)約75%,我(wo)們選擇(ze)了(le)(le)這兩個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)臺烈鎮(zhen)、下司(si)鎮(zhen)、龍山鄉和(he)(he)(he)杏山鎮(zhen)為調(diao)查(cha)點(dian)。思(si)南縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、仡佬族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、蒙古族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為主,少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)占(zhan)(zhan)總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)比(bi)例(li)(li)約47%,我(wo)們調(diao)查(cha)了(le)(le)寬坪(ping)土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉和(he)(he)(he)項壩苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉。江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等15個(ge)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)占(zhan)(zhan)總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)比(bi)例(li)(li)約54%,我(wo)們選取了(le)(le)太平(ping)土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉和(he)(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)和(he)(he)(he)侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)土(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鄉為調(diao)查(cha)點(dian)。目前,這4個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)均屬于國家(jia)(jia)扶貧開(kai)發(fa)(fa)工作(zuo)重點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(簡稱國定(ding)貧困縣(xian)(xian)),區內經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展非(fei)常落后,基礎設(she)施建設(she)非(fei)常不(bu)足,居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人(ren)均收(shou)入太低,農(nong)村社會(hui)保障(zhang)水平(ping)較低,嚴重制約了(le)(le)區域(yu)內巨大資(zi)源潛力的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)和(he)(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)生狀況的(de)(de)(de)改善(shan),不(bu)利(li)于少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展。因此,本項目的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)旨在(zai)探索如(ru)何完善(shan)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)區新(xin)型農(nong)村合作(zuo)醫療制度(簡稱新(xin)農(nong)合)以促進少(shao)(shao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)區民(min)(min)(min)生狀況的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷改善(shan)。

一、研究背景

(一)當前民(min)族貧困地區民(min)生(sheng)狀況的基本(ben)特點。

1.民族貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)的自然災(zai)害較多,但(dan)危害性(xing)不(bu)大,政府(fu)救(jiu)濟(ji)效果較好。民族貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)基本地(di)(di)處生態環境脆(cui)弱的西部地(di)(di)區(qu),從調(diao)查點來(lai)看,常見災(zai)害按嚴重(zhong)性(xing)和頻(pin)發(fa)性(xing)排序,分別為病蟲害>旱災(zai)>洪澇災(zai)害>霜凍災(zai)>泥石流①。從救(jiu)濟(ji)效果來(lai)看,約48%的農(nong)戶認為政府(fu)救(jiu)濟(ji)及時,較少損失;29%的農(nong)戶認為只是(shi)受災(zai)后就發(fa)點救(jiu)助(zhu)金,沒別的措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi);16%的農(nong)戶認為預防措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)夠,往往都是(shi)補(bu)救(jiu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。

2.民(min)族貧困地區的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村基礎(chu)設施建設不足(zu)(zu),廣播電視、通訊(xun)、飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)較(jiao)好(hao),道路、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)、土(tu)(tu)地和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)利(li)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)較(jiao)差。(1)對(dui)于(yu)道路條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),有汽車能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)常年(nian)通行(xing)的(de)(de)正式公路,但(dan)大多是(shi)汽車能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通行(xing)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)路。(2)對(dui)于(yu)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),67%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)認(ren)為(wei)本村無公共(gong)廁所(suo)(suo),無統一(yi)垃(la)圾(ji)堆放(fang)場(chang)所(suo)(suo),但(dan)在調查(cha)(cha)中(zhong)發現,定期有垃(la)圾(ji)車過來收農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)堆在門口(kou)的(de)(de)垃(la)圾(ji)袋,且村里(li)有簡陋的(de)(de)公共(gong)廁所(suo)(suo)。(3)對(dui)于(yu)廣播電視條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),61.5%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)認(ren)為(wei)收視效(xiao)果很好(hao),但(dan)也反(fan)映有線電視收費高。(4)對(dui)于(yu)電話(hua)通訊(xun)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),100%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)認(ren)為(wei)效(xiao)果很好(hao),固定電話(hua)和(he)移動電話(hua)在每個(ge)村都可(ke)用。(5)對(dui)于(yu)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),57.7%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程感(gan)覺(jue)非(fei)常滿(man)意,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠飲(yin)用經過凈(jing)化處理的(de)(de)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui),且取(qu)水(shui)(shui)方便,但(dan)也反(fan)映水(shui)(shui)費太貴,水(shui)(shui)質一(yi)般。(6)對(dui)于(yu)土(tu)(tu)地條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),調查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)4個(ge)縣(xian)人均耕地過少,均低于(yu)聯合國規定的(de)(de)人均0.8畝(mu)的(de)(de)警戒線,且67%的(de)(de)調查(cha)(cha)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)認(ren)為(wei)土(tu)(tu)壤質量中(zhong)等。(7)對(dui)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),50%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)認(ren)為(wei)本村水(shui)(shui)資源充足(zu)(zu),但(dan)灌溉設施還不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)生(sheng)(sheng)產需(xu)要。28%的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)認(ren)為(wei)本村灌溉設施與水(shui)(shui)源均不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產需(xu)要。

3.民(min)族地區的(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困面(mian)較(jiao)大(da),鄉(xiang)村(cun)集體經(jing)濟太差,少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族農(nong)(nong)民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)收(shou)入與(yu)全國的(de)平均(jun)水平不(bu)斷拉大(da)。(1)民(min)族地區貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困面(mian)較(jiao)大(da),返貧(pin)(pin)(pin)率高。貴州(zhou)省政(zheng)府(fu)將年(nian)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)收(shou)入1200元以下的(de)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族人(ren)(ren)口納入最低生活保障范圍,并(bing)對其實(shi)施扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)開發政(zheng)策(ce)①,但由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)標準低,因(yin)病因(yin)災(zai)返貧(pin)(pin)(pin)率高,貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困面(mian)仍較(jiao)大(da)。在我們(men)的(de)調查中,58戶(hu)(hu)為貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困戶(hu)(hu),占樣本量的(de)57%,與(yu)實(shi)際(ji)情況符合。(2)調查村(cun)均(jun)無(wu)合作經(jing)濟組織(zhi),無(wu)鄉(xiang)鎮企業(ye)(ye),更(geng)無(wu)村(cun)辦企業(ye)(ye)。(3)民(min)族地區經(jing)濟發展緩(huan)慢直接導(dao)致農(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入水平非常低。以少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族人(ren)(ren)口占總人(ren)(ren)口80%的(de)麻江縣為例,2009年(nian)麻江縣農(nong)(nong)民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)年(nian)純(chun)收(shou)入2658元,低于(yu)全省11.54個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian),低于(yu)全國48.41個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分點(dian),而(er)且差距還在不(bu)斷拉大(da)。

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貧困地區農村改革論文

為檢驗“貧困(kun)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)反對(dui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)”的命題是(shi)真或者是(shi)偽(wei),最(zui)近(jin),我們赴(fu)云南省(sheng)大理白族自治州南澗(jian)彝(yi)族自治縣沙樂(le)村,對(dui)106戶(hu)貧困(kun)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)進行(xing)了問卷(juan)調查。結果發現,農(nong)(nong)村改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)無論從土地制度(du)(du)、農(nong)(nong)村教育、農(nong)(nong)村醫療等基本(ben)制度(du)(du)的改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)上看(kan),還是(shi)從農(nong)(nong)村道路、飲水、用電(dian)等治理方面看(kan),都存(cun)在著(zhu)有待于繼(ji)續(xu)深化改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)、完善具體的改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)措施(shi)的問題。但是(shi)從總體上看(kan),貧困(kun)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)全部(bu)從農(nong)(nong)村現有改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)中獲益(yi),因此都發自內(nei)心的擁護改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)。由此可見(jian),“貧困(kun)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)反對(dui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)”的命題是(shi)一個偽(wei)命題。

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一、研究背景

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當(dang)前(qian)(qian)席(xi)卷(juan)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)思改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)思潮(chao)始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2004年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)“郎咸(xian)平發(fa)難”,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2005年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歲末開(kai)始(shi)升級(ji)。例如(ru),吳敬璉就(jiu)曾(ceng)作出(chu)了(le)(le)“窮人反(fan)(fan)對(dui)(dui)岸改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)”的(de)(de)結論(lun);孫立平提(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)“改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)共識已(yi)基本破(po)裂”的(de)(de)論(lun)點;新左派們(men)(men)更是(shi)(shi)利用互聯網掀起了(le)(le)持續性的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)思改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)高潮(chao)。2006年(nian)(nian)3月6日(ri)的(de)(de)全國(guo)(guo)“兩會”期間,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央總書記在(zai)參與(yu)上海代表團審議時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)表講話強(qiang)調(diao),要毫(hao)不動(dong)搖地(di)堅(jian)持改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)方向(xiang)。之后(hou)不久,國(guo)(guo)務院總理亦公(gong)開(kai)表明:“要堅(jian)定(ding)不移地(di)推(tui)進(jin)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放……前(qian)(qian)進(jin)中(zhong)盡管(guan)有(you)困(kun)難,但(dan)不能停頓,倒退沒有(you)出(chu)路(lu)”。中(zhong)央高層兩位(wei)領導(dao)人相繼對(dui)(dui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)方向(xiang)闡(chan)明態(tai)度,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)被視為(wei)對(dui)(dui)相關改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)大(da)討論(lun)的(de)(de)回應。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),反(fan)(fan)思改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)思潮(chao)不但(dan)沒有(you)降低,反(fan)(fan)而更加(jia)熱烈。其中(zhong),“窮人反(fan)(fan)思改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)論(lun)”就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一個重(zhong)要的(de)(de)論(lun)據。我(wo)們(men)(men)之所以選(xuan)擇云南省大(da)理白族自治(zhi)州南澗彝族自治(zhi)縣沙(sha)樂(le)村(cun)(cun)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)問卷(juan)調(diao)查,一是(shi)(shi)沙(sha)樂(le)村(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)貧困(kun)縣和國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)扶貧攻堅(jian)鄉所屬的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)莊,農民(min)群眾目前(qian)(qian)仍(reng)舊(jiu)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貧困(kun)之中(zhong);二(er)是(shi)(shi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無量(liang)山國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)的(de)(de)邊(bian)沿;三是(shi)(shi)村(cun)(cun)內以彝族為(wei)主,是(shi)(shi)個多(duo)民(min)族聚(ju)集(ji)的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)莊;四是(shi)(shi)我(wo)們(men)(men)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2001——2004年(nian)(nian)在(zai)該(gai)村(cun)(cun)實施全球環境(jing)基金(GEF)/聯合(he)國(guo)(guo)開(kai)發(fa)計(ji)劃署(UNDP)資助的(de)(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)云南山地(di)生態(tai)系統(tong)生物多(duo)樣(yang)性保護示范項目(YUEP)”,由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)幫助設(she)計(ji)并運行(xing)社區(qu)共管(guan)組(zu)織(zhi)、社區(qu)保護與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)基金、小額信貸扶貧到戶等,受(shou)到村(cun)(cun)民(min)的(de)(de)信賴,村(cun)(cun)民(min)們(men)(men)愿意對(dui)(dui)我(wo)們(men)(men)講實話;五(wu)是(shi)(shi)該(gai)村(cun)(cun)距昆明市約7個小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)公(gong)路(lu)里程,便于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其他研究者重(zhong)復調(diao)查、驗證調(diao)查,以解(jie)決社會科學研究與(yu)調(diao)查難以重(zhong)復的(de)(de)問題(ti)。

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貧困地區硬幣流通困難調研

一、基本情況

在欠發(fa)達地區(qu),硬(ying)(ying)幣(bi)(bi)普(pu)遍受(shou)到冷遇(yu)(yu)。商場(chang)里找零的(de)(de)時候,顧客一般會對營(ying)業員特意說一聲(sheng):“不要給我硬(ying)(ying)幣(bi)(bi)”;人(ren)們在娛樂、消(xiao)費(fei)、看病付(fu)(fu)(fu)款(kuan)的(de)(de)時候,身上(shang)沒有紙(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)零錢而(er)有硬(ying)(ying)幣(bi)(bi)零錢,支付(fu)(fu)(fu)時幾乎都要小(xiao)心(xin)翼翼地問一句:“收(shou)硬(ying)(ying)幣(bi)(bi)可以嗎(ma)?”。甚至連各金(jin)融機構(gou),在支付(fu)(fu)(fu)客戶存款(kuan)本金(jin)和利息的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong),也遇(yu)(yu)到了硬(ying)(ying)幣(bi)(bi)難以給付(fu)(fu)(fu)出(chu)去的(de)(de)麻煩。根據《中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)銀行法(fa)》和《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和國(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)(bi)管理條例(li)》的(de)(de)規定(ding),“中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和國(guo)的(de)(de)法(fa)定(ding)貨幣(bi)(bi)是(shi)人(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)(bi)。以人(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)(bi)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和國(guo)境內的(de)(de)一切公共(gong)(gong)和私人(ren)的(de)(de)債務,任(ren)何單位和個人(ren)不得拒收(shou)”。硬(ying)(ying)幣(bi)(bi)作為我國(guo)法(fa)定(ding)流通貨幣(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)一種形式,本應(ying)和其(qi)他紙(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)一樣,在市場(chang)流通中(zhong)發(fa)揮其(qi)作用,是(shi)什么原因使得欠發(fa)達地區(qu)把(ba)它們給冷落(luo)了呢(ni)?

二、原因探究

欠發達地區硬幣(bi)流通較難的原因主要有:

(一(yi)(yi))硬幣本身(shen)的特點和其固有的一(yi)(yi)些(xie)缺陷(xian)使得(de)持(chi)幣偏(pian)好(hao)(hao)不(bu)高。硬幣本身(shen)有著其特有的品質,是其他紙幣難(nan)(nan)以(yi)替代的。但硬幣也有著容易(yi)遺失、不(bu)方便(bian)較大(da)量攜帶等缺陷(xian),裝在(zai)身(shen)上顯得(de)十分麻(ma)煩(fan),并(bing)且數量不(bu)多卻占了很(hen)多地方。除非是存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)非用其支(zhi)付不(bu)可的場(chang)合,否則(ze)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)消費者中(zhong)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)得(de)到(dao)很(hen)高的持(chi)幣偏(pian)好(hao)(hao)。

(二)隨著社會(hui)經濟(ji)的(de)快速發(fa)展,硬幣(bi)(bi)(bi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)值設置(zhi)逐(zhu)步(bu)與社會(hui)需(xu)求出現(xian)距(ju)離。目(mu)前流(liu)通(tong)的(de)硬幣(bi)(bi)(bi)中幣(bi)(bi)(bi)值設置(zhi)最高是一(yi)元(yuan)硬幣(bi)(bi)(bi),從目(mu)前情況(kuang)看,這個幣(bi)(bi)(bi)值設置(zhi)逐(zhu)步(bu)與社會(hui)需(xu)求不太(tai)適應。由于(yu)物(wu)價較(jiao)以前年度有(you)了較(jiao)大(da)幅度的(de)增長,目(mu)前幾角錢的(de)消費(fei)(fei)品或消費(fei)(fei)項目(mu)已少之又少,如果沒有(you)超過1元(yuan)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)值的(de)硬幣(bi)(bi)(bi),無(wu)形中就加大(da)了對1元(yuan)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)攜帶(dai)需(xu)求,增加了麻煩。同時,隨著人(ren)(ren)民生活水平的(de)提高,人(ren)(ren)們越來越愿意使用(yong)大(da)面額的(de)人(ren)(ren)民幣(bi)(bi)(bi),這也是硬幣(bi)(bi)(bi)難以在市場流(liu)通(tong)。中發(fa)揮作用(yong)的(de)原因之一(yi)。

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貧困地區村級財務調查報告

受地(di)理條件等多種因素影響,欠(qian)發(fa)達地(di)區雖然自然資(zi)源比較豐富(fu),但大多數(shu)村(cun)(cun)集體(ti)經(jing)濟都十分薄(bo)弱,造(zao)成了村(cun)(cun)級集體(ti)財務一直是(shi)農村(cun)(cun)工作中(zhong)比較突出的一個(ge)熱點(dian)、難點(dian)問題,同時也是(shi)干群矛盾的焦點(dian),直接關系著欠(qian)發(fa)達地(di)區農村(cun)(cun)集體(ti)經(jing)濟的發(fa)展(zhan)和農村(cun)(cun)社會的穩定。因此,加(jia)強(qiang)村(cun)(cun)級財務管理,發(fa)展(zhan)村(cun)(cun)集體(ti)經(jing)濟很有必要。

一(yi)、村級(ji)財務存在的問題(ti)

(一(yi))村級收入后勁不足,收入來源(yuan)主(zhu)要靠補(bu)助。

欠發達(da)地區(qu)的大(da)部(bu)分(fen)村級集體經濟都非常薄弱,生(sheng)產性投(tou)入(ru)(ru)嚴重不足,當地資源(yuan)沒有得到充分(fen)的開發利用;在每年村級總收(shou)入(ru)(ru)中,各級政府補助收(shou)入(ru)(ru)是主要來源(yuan),自(zi)身的投(tou)資收(shou)益微乎其微。

(二)村級支(zhi)出結構不(bu)合理,非生產性支(zhi)出較大。

從支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)情(qing)況看,除財(cai)政安排的專項資金外(wai),許多村沒(mei)有自(zi)行(xing)安排農業(ye)發展支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu);非生(sheng)產性支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)占很大部(bu)分,并呈逐年上升態勢。非生(sheng)產性開支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中招待(dai)費(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)比重(zhong)大、且增長過快;村干部(bu)外(wai)出(chu)(chu)學習考察費(fei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)有增加(jia)趨(qu)勢。

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貧困地區藝術教育現狀分析

摘要:對(dui)(dui)于中國大部分貧(pin)困地區而言,藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)的(de)普(pu)及程(cheng)度(du)和課(ke)程(cheng)質量有(you)待(dai)提高。本文從藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)學(xue)生(sheng)成長(chang)的(de)必要性著(zhu)眼,通(tong)過分析貧(pin)困地區藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)現狀,總(zong)結出制約貧(pin)困地區藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)發展的(de)內在與(yu)(yu)(yu)外在因(yin)素,并(bing)根據社(she)會現狀結合筆者(zhe)個(ge)人的(de)實踐經驗嘗試(shi)著(zhu)對(dui)(dui)該問題(ti)的(de)解(jie)決提出“教育(yu)(yu)主管(guan)部門完(wan)善藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)保障(zhang)機制”“設立(li)試(shi)點組織專(zhuan)家進行關聯課(ke)程(cheng)開(kai)發”以(yi)及“積極開(kai)展與(yu)(yu)(yu)各類高校之間的(de)交流活動(dong)”三(san)項建議與(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)策(ce),以(yi)期貧(pin)困地區藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)教育(yu)(yu)問題(ti)與(yu)(yu)(yu)質量能(neng)夠有(you)所緩解(jie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)提升。

關鍵詞:藝術教育;貧(pin)困地區(qu);藝術教育的普及

1藝術教(jiao)育對于學生成長的(de)必要性(xing)

隨著當今時代的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)修養(yang)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)一個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)成長(chang)與(yu)發(fa)展越來越重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。其(qi)原因(yin)多種多樣,首(shou)先是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)社(she)會(hui)競(jing)爭更為(wei)激(ji)烈,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求越來越高,評價(jia)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)特(te)(te)征已(yi)從過(guo)(guo)(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)單一化(hua)(hua)、平面(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡到全面(mian)(mian)化(hua)(hua)和(he)多元化(hua)(hua),尤其(qi)對(dui)(dui)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)素養(yang)更為(wei)看(kan)(kan)(kan)重。例(li)如,員工(gong)招(zhao)聘(pin)時,在同(tong)等條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),雇主(zhu)普(pu)遍愿意招(zhao)收(shou)在藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方面(mian)(mian)具(ju)備(bei)一定特(te)(te)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)。這(zhe)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)有才藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)企業(ye)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)推進更有裨益,同(tong)時在教(jiao)育全面(mian)(mian)普(pu)及(ji)下(xia),公民的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)差距逐漸縮(suo)小(xiao),好的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)修養(yang)更能(neng)體(ti)(ti)現出受過(guo)(guo)(guo)更為(wei)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育。此外,從個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)展來看(kan)(kan)(kan),社(she)會(hui)競(jing)爭壓力變(bian)大使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)每一個(ge)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)生存(cun)壓力激(ji)增,而接受過(guo)(guo)(guo)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育無疑對(dui)(dui)改(gai)善(shan)生活(huo)質(zhi)量十分有利(li)。在現代的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)生活(huo)中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)少人(ren)(ren)(ren)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)繪畫、聽(ting)歌(ge)、看(kan)(kan)(kan)劇等方式排解內心的(de)(de)(de)孤獨與(yu)陰郁,充當壓力的(de)(de)(de)調節劑。以樂器演奏(zou)(zou)為(wei)例(li),演奏(zou)(zou)者在演奏(zou)(zou)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)融入個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)驗。情(qing)感得(de)(de)(de)到宣泄(xie),心靈獲得(de)(de)(de)安慰,壓力得(de)(de)(de)以排解。同(tong)時,從學(xue)習(xi)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)本身(shen)來說,掌握(wo)一門藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)技(ji)能(neng),是(shi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)付出時間和(he)精(jing)力不(bu)(bu)斷練(lian)習(xi)與(yu)提升的(de)(de)(de)。尤其(qi)是(shi)在藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)學(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)初期(qi),可謂是(shi)付出與(yu)所得(de)(de)(de)并不(bu)(bu)正相關(guan),然若持之以恒、努(nu)力精(jing)進,便(bian)會(hui)逐漸發(fa)現獲得(de)(de)(de)一門新技(ji)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)喜悅。可以說,這(zhe)也是(shi)一種磨練(lian)品格(ge)、提升修養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)途徑。同(tong)時,越來越多的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)實踐發(fa)現,藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育對(dui)(dui)于(yu)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)其(qi)他技(ji)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)提高和(he)培(pei)養(yang)是(shi)極為(wei)有利(li)的(de)(de)(de)。正如經濟合作與(yu)發(fa)展組(zu)織(zhi)(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDe-velopment,OECD)在對(dui)(dui)多國藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育與(yu)大腦、創造力和(he)社(she)交能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)進行試驗后(hou)得(de)(de)(de)出的(de)(de)(de)結論(lun)所言:“藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育對(dui)(dui)創新型(xing)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)貢(gong)獻(xian)在于(yu)它對(dui)(dui)眾多的(de)(de)(de)和(he)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)維習(xi)慣的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)。最后(hou)我們總結說,不(bu)(bu)管藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)育存(cun)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在轉移成果,其(qi)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類體(ti)(ti)驗的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)價(jia)值足以讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)名正言順地存(cun)在于(yu)學(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)表中(zhong)。”

2概述中國貧困(kun)地區藝(yi)術(shu)教(jiao)育現狀

在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)多(duo)數地區(qu),藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也在(zai)(zai)不斷引起(qi)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)重視(shi),據國(guo)家(jia)統計(ji)局數據顯示(shi),“截至(zhi)2013年底,我國(guo)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培訓(xun)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)產值已達(da)330億元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo),并(bing)且正以每年30%以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)迅速增長(chang)。未來五至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)年,藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)場將發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)上(shang)千億元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)。”特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)北京、上(shang)海、成都(dou)等大(da)(da)城市(shi),藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)培訓(xun)市(shi)場規(gui)模(mo)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)達(da)到(dao)十(shi)(shi)數億元(yuan)(yuan),被稱為(wei)“朝陽產業(ye)”。而在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)貧困(kun)地區(qu),藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)普及還是(shi)(shi)(shi)面臨著很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)挑戰,盡管藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)也會作為(wei)一門課(ke)程出現在(zai)(zai)課(ke)程表(biao)上(shang)。在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)農(nong)村(cun)學(xue)校(xiao),雖把(ba)(ba)“藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”算作課(ke)程計(ji)劃(hua),但由于意識匱乏、師資短缺、條件設(she)施較差等原因,真正保質保量地踐行藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)貧困(kun)學(xue)校(xiao)少之又(you)少。而在(zai)(zai)2014年國(guo)家(jia)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)印發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)《關于推(tui)進(jin)(jin)學(xue)校(xiao)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)若干意見》中(zhong)(zhong)明確指出農(nong)村(cun)學(xue)校(xiao)欠(qian)缺初級的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),要求(qiu)開足開齊藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)課(ke),把(ba)(ba)提升農(nong)村(cun)學(xue)校(xiao)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作為(wei)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)《國(guo)家(jia)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)事業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)“十(shi)(shi)三五”規(gui)劃(hua)》中(zhong)(zhong)指出要“堅持(chi)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)公平。讓(rang)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)成果更(geng)好地惠及最廣大(da)(da)人(ren)民群眾。突出精(jing)準扶貧,面向中(zhong)(zhong)西部(bu)地區(qu)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)邊遠、貧困(kun)地區(qu),加(jia)大(da)(da)對家(jia)庭經濟困(kun)難(nan)學(xue)生幫扶力度(du)。”同時,亦提到(dao)在(zai)(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)方法和過程中(zhong)(zhong)要“堅持(chi)改革(ge)創(chuang)新。充分(fen)調動基層特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)廣大(da)(da)學(xue)校(xiao)、師生的(de)(de)(de)積極性、主動性和創(chuang)造性,創(chuang)新體制機(ji)制和人(ren)才培養(yang)模(mo)式”。因此,支(zhi)持(chi)貧困(kun)地區(qu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)勢在(zai)(zai)必行的(de)(de)(de)。

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