保險公司理賠管控措施范文

時間:2023-07-07 17:33:33

導語:如何才(cai)能寫(xie)好一篇保(bao)險公司理賠管(guan)控措施(shi),這(zhe)就需(xu)要搜集整理更多的資料和文(wen)獻(xian),歡(huan)迎閱讀由公務員之(zhi)家整理的十篇范文(wen),供你借鑒(jian)。

保險公司理賠管控措施

篇1

關鍵詞:保險公司;財務(wu)管理風險;對(dui)策

1.保險(xian)公(gong)司(si)財務(wu)管理風險(xian)的內(nei)涵及表現形式

1.1保險公司(si)財務管(guan)理(li)風(feng)險的含(han)義

保(bao)險公(gong)司(si)(si)作為市場(chang)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)經濟實(shi)體,其財(cai)務管理風險的(de)(de)概念(nian)同一般企業是基本(ben)相同的(de)(de),指由(you)于公(gong)司(si)(si)在財(cai)務活動組織及管理過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)各(ge)環(huan)節中(zhong)受到(dao)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)確(que)(que)實(shi)存在且不能(neng)(neng)消(xiao)除、難以控(kong)制或預料等(deng)的(de)(de)不確(que)(que)定因素的(de)(de)影響,導致(zhi)公(gong)司(si)(si)財(cai)務成果與預期(qi)目標(biao)產生偏(pian)離,而(er)致(zhi)使(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)蒙受損失(shi),降低公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)償債能(neng)(neng)力和(he)盈利能(neng)(neng)力。

1.2保(bao)險公司財(cai)務(wu)管理(li)風險的表現(xian)形式

保險公(gong)(gong)司(si)與(yu)其他公(gong)(gong)司(si)最大(da)的不(bu)同(tong)點是(shi),保險公(gong)(gong)司(si)是(shi)經營風(feng)險的單(dan)位,其風(feng)險的發生以及發生所致損失(shi)的大(da)小,具有確定性(xing)和偶然性(xing)。根據(ju)保險公(gong)(gong)司(si)經營的這一特殊性(xing),可知保險公(gong)(gong)司(si)資(zi)金流動主要(yao)包括籌資(zi)、投資(zi)、資(zi)金運用和分(fen)配等四個環節。

通過以(yi)上(shang)對保險公司的貨(huo)幣資金在財務管(guan)理各經(jing)營活動環節的運動過程分(fen)析,其風(feng)險的表(biao)現形式主要體現在以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)個方面(mian):

(1)資本(ben)結構(gou)不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li),公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)償付(fu)能(neng)(neng)力受到(dao)影響。資本(ben)在(zai)保(bao)險業經營中占(zhan)有重要的地位,資本(ben)結構(gou)的合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)性(xing)、資本(ben)額(e)的高低代表公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的財(cai)務能(neng)(neng)力和(he)風(feng)險的承擔能(neng)(neng)力。籌資決(jue)策決(jue)定保(bao)險公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的資本(ben)結構(gou),如果公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)使用自有資金和(he)借貸資金的比例不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)、債務期限安排不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)等,將導致公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)所有者權益(yi)下降(jiang)、公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)到(dao)期償付(fu)債務等風(feng)險,從而使公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的償付(fu)能(neng)(neng)力受到(dao)嚴重的影響,進而影響保(bao)險公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)財(cai)務管理(li)(li)(li)的穩定性(xing)。

(2)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)不(bu)合理(li),投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)風險(xian)較大(da)。保險(xian)公(gong)司屬于負債經營,即先向保戶收(shou)取(qu)保費(fei)聚(ju)集龐大(da)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin),保費(fei)最終要(yao)實現對被保險(xian)人(ren)、受益人(ren)的(de)返還(huan)。保險(xian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)這(zhe)一特點決(jue)定(ding)了保險(xian)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)要(yao)以安全性(xing)為(wei)首要(yao)原則,同時要(yao)兼顧(gu)收(shou)益性(xing)和流動性(xing)兩大(da)原則。倘(tang)若保險(xian)公(gong)司投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)未遵循(xun)風險(xian)管理(li)的(de)程序和要(yao)求,將(jiang)可能(neng)由于資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)不(bu)當,在投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)所形成的(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產結(jie)構不(bu)合理(li)而導(dao)致投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)目不(bu)能(neng)達到預期的(de)收(shou)益。

(3)呆壞(huai)賬(zhang)過(guo)多,資金(jin)(jin)回收風險大(da)(da)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)為爭取顧客(ke)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)、收取龐大(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)額的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險費(fei),有時(shi)會采(cai)取延遲收費(fei)、業(ye)務員代墊保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)或(huo)接(jie)受遠期(qi)票據等承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)優(you)惠。從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)公(gong)司(si)產生了較(jiao)大(da)(da)額度的(de)應收保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)。若保(bao)(bao)(bao)戶(hu)(hu)信用(yong)良好,能(neng)夠(gou)按約(yue)定期(qi)限向公(gong)司(si)繳費(fei)則(ze)不會造成太(tai)大(da)(da)問(wen)題,反而(er)(er)可以協助公(gong)司(si)爭取到(dao)顧客(ke);但若公(gong)司(si)對拖欠保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)戶(hu)(hu)催收不利而(er)(er)且保(bao)(bao)(bao)戶(hu)(hu)財務有困難,則(ze)極易形(xing)成呆壞(huai)賬(zhang),從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)致(zhi)公(gong)司(si)資金(jin)(jin)回收風險、現金(jin)(jin)流量減少。

2.保險公司財(cai)務管理(li)風(feng)險的成(cheng)因分析(xi)

保險公司經營的是風險,其中最主要的風險就是財務管理風險,要想有效地防范和化解財務管理風險,應先了解財務管理風險的成因。其中保險公司中不同的財務管理風險具有不同的成因,以下從籌資環節、投資環節、承保環節、理賠環節等方面進(jin)行分析。

2.1籌資(zi)環(huan)節產生財務管(guan)理風(feng)險(xian)的原因

 籌(chou)資(zi)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)保險(xian)公司(si)的(de)資(zi)本(ben)結(jie)構,若籌(chou)資(zi)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)不合理則(ze)易(yi)引發籌(chou)資(zi)風(feng)險(xian),比如籌(chou)資(zi)規模與投資(zi)規模不相符(fu)、籌(chou)資(zi)方式的(de)選擇缺(que)乏合理性、籌(chou)資(zi)結(jie)構的(de)安排缺(que)乏合理性和(he)籌(chou)資(zi)期限的(de)確定(ding)缺(que)乏合理性等(deng),將(jiang)導致公司(si)不能到期還債、公司(si)所有者權益減少等(deng)風(feng)險(xian)。

2.2投資(zi)環節產生財務管理風險的原因

保險業龐大的(de)資金(jin)來源主要是由保戶繳納形成的(de)保費收入,這(zhe)一特點(dian)決(jue)定(ding)了保險資金(jin)運用以(yi)安全性(xing)為首要原(yuan)則,兼顧收益(yi)性(xing)和流動性(xing)。所(suo)以(yi)投資決(jue)策的(de)正確與否決(jue)定(ding)了保險公司

是否取得(de)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)益。同(tong)時(shi)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)決策失誤會導致投(tou)資(zi)(zi)風險(xian)(xian),具體表現為:對(dui)被投(tou)資(zi)(zi)方信息未(wei)進行詳細了解、對(dui)購(gou)買股票(piao)等投(tou)資(zi)(zi)方式的(de)選擇不當(dang)和分散(san)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)風險(xian)(xian)方式的(de)選擇不恰當(dang)。

2.3理賠(pei)環節產生(sheng)財務管理風險的原因

理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)包括賠(pei)(pei)付支(zhi)出(chu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)和(he)準備金環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)。首先在賠(pei)(pei)付支(zhi)出(chu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)引發財務管(guan)理(li)(li)風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)原因有以下(xia)幾方面:(1)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)運行和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)水平不高,與(yu)公司業務發展(zhan)不相匹(pi)配(pei);(2)費率下(xia)降、承保風(feng)險(xian)責(ze)任(ren)增加(jia)增大了理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)壓力;(3)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)體系(xi)問(wen)題較多,如(ru)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)層層管(guan)控環(huan)(huan)(huan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)漏損,各級機(ji)構(gou)責(ze)權利(li)不相匹(pi)配(pei)或內部(bu)監(jian)督機(ji)制(zhi)運轉不順(shun)暢等助(zhu)長了理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)風(feng)險(xian),加(jia)大里理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)成本的(de)(de)支(zhi)出(chu)。其次在準備金核算環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie),大多數保險(xian)公司準本金賬(zhang)務處理(li)(li)方法過于(yu)簡單,準本金充足率較低,嚴重影響財務管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)穩定性。

2.4制(zhi)度建設環節產生財務管理風險的原因

健全(quan)的內部控制制度、績效考(kao)核辦法等(deng)制度,對于一個一個以(yi)資金運(yun)動為主(zhu)體的保險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司來說(shuo)是十分重(zhong)要(yao)的。然而保險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司內部制度的不完善等(deng)問題會間接地引發財務管理(li)風險(xian)(xian)。具體如下:(1)內部管理(li)制度的設(she)計(ji)存在缺陷、財務關系混亂、公(gong)司各(ge)子(zi)系統(tong)責、權(quan)、利不相匹配;(2)公(gong)司缺乏有效的激(ji)勵和約束機制等(deng)。

3保險公(gong)司財務管(guan)理(li)風(feng)險管(guan)控對(dui)策

針對不同的財務管理風險,成因不同,相對應的管控措施也不同,以(yi)下(xia)根據上述引發財務管理(li)風險的各(ge)環節提出(chu)以(yi)下(xia)對策及建議。

3.1籌資環節的風險管控(kong)

保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)主(zhu)要包括權(quan)益資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)債務(wu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。其中籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)資(zi)(zi)活(huo)動(dong)是公司(si)(si)理財(cai)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要環(huan)節,所(suo)以加強(qiang)對籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)資(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理是整個財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)起點。加強(qiang)籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)資(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理,主(zhu)要從(cong)有利于公司(si)(si)經營發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來(lai)(lai)配置公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)結構,主(zhu)要通(tong)過合(he)理配置權(quan)益資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)債務(wu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例,降低因籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)資(zi)(zi)結構不合(he)理帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)(guan)理風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。具體而言(yan),防范(fan)與控制(zhi)籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)資(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施主(zhu)要有:(1)公司(si)(si)要樹立全(quan)員風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)意識(shi),正確(que)識(shi)別風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),做到預防風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生,將風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)降到最低程度。(2)通(tong)過合(he)理配置籌(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)資(zi)(zi)結構來(lai)(lai)分散和(he)降低風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),并建立有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)、完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)防范(fan)機(ji)制(zhi)。

3.2投(tou)資(zi)環(huan)節的風(feng)險(xian)管控

保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)資(zi)(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)運用首(shou)先要(yao)以安全(quan)性為主,兼顧流動性和效(xiao)益型的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機統一。為全(quan)面提高資(zi)(zi)金運用的(de)(de)(de)競爭力,增強保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管控能力,具體提出以下措施:首(shou)先,根(gen)據公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)營銷戰略確(que)定正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)方(fang)向,合理確(que)定投資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)量,并在(zai)滿足公(gong)司(si)日常經營的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,適時調整(zheng)各項投資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)比例,達(da)到(dao)降低(di)投資(zi)(zi)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。其次,正(zheng)確(que)確(que)定風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和投資(zi)(zi)報酬率的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系,以達(da)到(dao)對證(zheng)券投資(zi)(zi)等其他投資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管控目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

3.3理賠(pei)環節(jie)的風險(xian)管(guan)控

該(gai)環(huan)節(jie)具(ju)體包(bao)括賠(pei)付支出(chu)環(huan)節(jie)和準(zhun)(zhun)備金(jin)核算環(huan)節(jie)。針(zhen)對(dui)不同的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節(jie),具(ju)體提(ti)(ti)出(chu)不同的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi):(1)賠(pei)付支出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong):本(ben)環(huan)節(jie)應該(gai)以“短期(qi)有效(xiao)、長(chang)期(qi)有力”的(de)(de)(de)原則,提(ti)(ti)出(chu)相關(guan)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),具(ju)體如(ru)下:①加強成本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力、提(ti)(ti)升客戶服務能(neng)力,明(ming)確理(li)賠(pei)地位,并(bing)及時發現、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)好理(li)賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵風險(xian)(xian)點。②按照(zhao)“集中管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li),分級授權”的(de)(de)(de)原則,建(jian)立并(bing)完善理(li)賠(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模式,加大(da)賠(pei)付成本(ben)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)力度。③創建(jian)內控(kong)合規文化(hua)并(bing)大(da)力宣(xuan)傳,同時構建(jian)理(li)賠(pei)監督體系,如(ru)對(dui)核心風險(xian)(xian)點實施(shi)(shi)IT系統控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)等。(2)準(zhun)(zhun)備金(jin)計提(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong):為提(ti)(ti)高準(zhun)(zhun)備金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水平,減(jian)少因準(zhun)(zhun)備金(jin)計提(ti)(ti)不準(zhun)(zhun)確而造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)財務管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)風險(xian)(xian),以提(ti)(ti)出(chu)以下措(cuo)施(shi)(shi):提(ti)(ti)高精算人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi),并(bing)對(dui)精算人(ren)員進(jin)行后期(qi)培(pei)訓和考核等以加強精算人(ren)員隊伍(wu)建(jian)設(she);改善準(zhun)(zhun)備金(jin)賬務處(chu)理(li)辦法(fa),提(ti)(ti)高準(zhun)(zhun)備金(jin)入賬的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)確性(xing)等。

篇2

機動車(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)作為我(wo)國(guo)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)重要支柱(zhu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種,2006年(nian)以來,車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入占產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收入比例一直(zhi)維持在70%左右(you),且(qie)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠付率直(zhi)線上升(sheng),且(qie)仍有繼續(xu)上升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)趨勢(見表1),經(jing)營(ying)效益卻持續(xu)下滑,其經(jing)營(ying)發展狀況直(zhi)接關系到(dao)我(wo)國(guo)非(fei)壽險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強目標的(de)(de)(de)實現。全(quan)面提升(sheng)經(jing)營(ying)機動車(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)競爭力,始終(zhong)是我(wo)國(guo)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)重心(xin)。如何防范和控制(zhi)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),提升(sheng)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盈利能力是目前(qian)各(ge)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)重要任(ren)務(wu)。本文(wen)將(jiang)從承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、理(li)賠風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、財(cai)務(wu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新《保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》對車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)等方面進行分析機動車(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)中的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)防范。

2006年-2009年5月江蘇省揚州市車險業務發展情況表1

年份

2006

2007

2008

2009.1-5

財險(xian)總保(bao)費(億元)

5.54

7.11

8.18

4.52

車險保費(億元)

3.83

4.98

5.64

3.11

車險保(bao)費(fei)占比(bi)(%)

69.2

70.07

68.99

68.86

車險簡單(dan)賠付率(%)

82

50

60

54

一、車險承保風(feng)險的防范

承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管理(li)(li)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)風險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)總關口,承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)質量(liang)如何,關系到公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性和(he)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)效益的(de)(de)好壞,同時(shi)也(ye)(ye)是反映保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)管理(li)(li)水平高低(di)的(de)(de)一個重要標致(zhi)。目前市(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)絕大部分保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)都以(yi)(yi)追求規(gui)模(mo)、追求保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)為目標,在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源(yuan)有(you)限(xian)增長、競(jing)爭激烈的(de)(de)情況下,各公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)迫于業務壓力,展開非理(li)(li)性價格競(jing)爭,導(dao)致(zhi)車險(xian)(xian)“高返(fan)還、高手(shou)續費(fei)(fei)、低(di)費(fei)(fei)率”現象(xiang)愈演愈烈。為了(le)(le)搶(qiang)占更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額(e),一味地追求業務規(gui)模(mo)和(he)發展速(su)度,向保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)戶(hu)開出諸多(duo)(duo)優惠條件(jian),甚至不(bu)惜犧牲公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體利(li)益和(he)長遠利(li)益,對承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)高低(di)漠然(ran)視之,不(bu)僅增大了(le)(le)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)標的(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)系數(shu),降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)車均保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei),同時(shi)也(ye)(ye)為以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)理(li)(li)賠工(gong)作(zuo)帶來(lai)諸多(duo)(duo)隱患(huan),致(zhi)使承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)效益進一步降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)。主要存在(zai)以(yi)(yi)下幾個個問題(ti):

一(yi)是(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務基(ji)層(ceng)只要數(shu)量(liang)不問質量(liang)。長期的(de)思維定勢,致使業(ye)(ye)(ye)務基(ji)層(ceng)單位(wei)思想仍(reng)然(ran)停留非理性價格競爭上,承保(bao)(bao)管理環節相對(dui)薄弱。面(mian)對(dui)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務發展和市場競爭壓(ya)力(li),“拾到籃子里就是(shi)(shi)菜”的(de)思想普遍(bian)存(cun)在于各經(jing)營單位(wei)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)基(ji)層(ceng)一(yi)線。不符合承保(bao)(bao)條件的(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛仍(reng)可按正(zheng)常(chang)標準承保(bao)(bao),部分車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛“套用(yong)條款”現象屢禁不止,保(bao)(bao)戶為(wei)(wei)了“節省”保(bao)(bao)險費(fei),往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)采(cai)取“套用(yong)條款”投(tou)保(bao)(bao)的(de)行為(wei)(wei),變(bian)相改變(bian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛使用(yong)性質,從而改變(bian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛條款適用(yong)類(lei)別(bie)。如:人為(wei)(wei)將營業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)非營業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)性質承保(bao)(bao)、家庭(ting)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)非營業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)承保(bao)(bao),由此雖然(ran)實(shi)現了保(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)入的(de)增長,但業(ye)(ye)(ye)務質量(liang)參差(cha)不齊。

二是(shi)承(cheng)保(bao)政策執行力不夠。目(mu)前核保(bao)工作基本(ben)上局限于要素核保(bao),不驗(yan)(yan)車承(cheng)保(bao)。基層展業單(dan)位對驗(yan)(yan)車承(cheng)保(bao)重視(shi)不夠,對投(tou)保(bao)車輛(liang)根本(ben)不進(jin)行檢(jian)查驗(yan)(yan)車,片面輕信投(tou)保(bao)人的表述,而核保(bao)人員又無力顧及(ji),造成諸(zhu)多風險漏(lou)洞。

因此,車險迫(po)切需要(yao)在經(jing)(jing)營上實現由(you)大到(dao)(dao)強、由(you)量到(dao)(dao)質(zhi)的轉變。要(yao)求我(wo)們必須提高精細化管理(li)水平,合規經(jing)(jing)營,防范(fan)風險,實行有(you)效益(yi)的承保政策,提升風險選擇能力,提高保費充足性(xing),推動業務質(zhi)量的持續改善。

一(yi)是合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)經營(ying)(ying),嚴(yan)控違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。開展合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)經營(ying)(ying)教(jiao)育,樹立效益(yi)第一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)意識。隨著(zhu)保險(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體不(bu)(bu)斷增多,保險(xian)(xian)競爭(zheng)日趨(qu)激烈,競爭(zheng)手段(duan)單一(yi)、經營(ying)(ying)數據(ju)不(bu)(bu)真(zhen)實(shi)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)夠規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范等(deng)問題(ti)逐步暴露出(chu)來,影響了(le)保險(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)科學發(fa)展,為(wei)止,保監(jian)(jian)會(hui)(hui)以保監(jian)(jian)發(fa)[2008]70號文件下發(fa)了(le)《關(guan)于進(jin)一(yi)步規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范財產保險(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)工作方案》,要(yao)求合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)經營(ying)(ying),規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)。江(jiang)蘇保監(jian)(jian)局貫徹落實(shi)全國保險(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)工作會(hui)(hui)議精神,推出(chu)五項監(jian)(jian)管(guan)新舉(ju)措,重拳規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范車險(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu),實(shi)施了(le)“四高(gao)(gao)”(業(ye)(ye)務非正(zheng)常增速高(gao)(gao)、展業(ye)(ye)成(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)(gao)、綜合(he)賠付率高(gao)(gao)和市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)良反映(ying)呼聲高(gao)(gao))指(zhi)(zhi)標為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)產險(xian)(xian)分支機構分類(lei)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)辦法,建立了(le)保險(xian)(xian)公司(si)月(yue)度監(jian)(jian)測指(zhi)(zhi)標制度。根據(ju)月(yue)度監(jian)(jian)測獲取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)將(jiang)各產險(xian)(xian)分公司(si)分為(wei)低成(cheng)本(ben)擴張型公司(si)、低成(cheng)本(ben)收(shou)縮型公司(si)、高(gao)(gao)成(cheng)本(ben)擴張型公司(si)、高(gao)(gao)成(cheng)本(ben)收(shou)縮型四類(lei),并采取(qu)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)措施,通過檢查式調研、約見談(tan)話等(deng)方式,進(jin)一(yi)步分析其(qi)成(cheng)本(ben)偏高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)原因,對存在違(wei)法違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)和惡(e)性(xing)(xing)競爭(zheng)行為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)公司(si),堅持(chi)從嚴(yan)從速查處,有效防范了(le)系統(tong)性(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。江(jiang)蘇省保險(xian)(xian)行業(ye)(ye)協會(hui)(hui)也(ye)從6月(yue)20日起(qi)(qi)降(jiang)低手續(xu)費用(yong),商業(ye)(ye)車險(xian)(xian)10%-12%。保險(xian)(xian)公司(si)要(yao)自(zi)(zi)覺遵(zun)守行業(ye)(ye)自(zi)(zi)律(lv),特別(bie)是在市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)中起(qi)(qi)主導作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)公司(si)要(yao)引(yin)領市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),降(jiang)低違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)經營(ying)(ying)成(cheng)本(ben),規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)。

二是(shi)(shi)提升承保(bao)(bao)(bao)定價(jia)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)識別(bie)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)加強,提升定價(jia)體系(xi)的(de)(de)精(jing)確度,不(bu)(bu)斷優(you)化業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結構(gou),主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)甄別(bie)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),進(jin)行選(xuan)擇性承保(bao)(bao)(bao)。解決業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結構(gou)問題,首先要(yao)進(jin)行動(dong)態盈利(li)性分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi),通(tong)過(guo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi),甄別(bie)客(ke)戶的(de)(de)盈利(li)水(shui)平(ping),配合承保(bao)(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)、銷(xiao)售(shou)費(fei)用(yong)和(he)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源,形(xing)成對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)選(xuan)擇能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li),推動(dong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結構(gou)改善。首先是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)定科(ke)學的(de)(de)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce),目(mu)前人保(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)按業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)盈利(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)低,將業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為A、B、C、D、E、F六個風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類,結合對各客(ke)戶群具體險(xian)(xian)(xian)別(bie)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)盈利(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi),明確各客(ke)戶群的(de)(de)效益(yi)險(xian)(xian)(xian)種,根據(ju)(ju)客(ke)戶類別(bie)有(you)針對性地(di)加大(da)效益(yi)險(xian)(xian)(xian)種的(de)(de)營銷(xiao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)度,限(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)虧損險(xian)(xian)(xian)種,提升業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)整單盈利(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。全力(li)(li)(li)(li)鞏固A類業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),積(ji)極發展(zhan)B類業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),有(you)效提升C類業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),控(kong)制(zhi)D類業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),重(zhong)點管控(kong)E、F類業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),提高(gao)優(you)質業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)續保(bao)(bao)(bao)率。通(tong)過(guo)精(jing)細(xi)化分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)對險(xian)(xian)(xian)別(bie)進(jin)行細(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)制(zhi)定差(cha)異化的(de)(de)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)策(ce)(ce)略。江(jiang)蘇省目(mu)前商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)理賠賠信息共(gong)享平(ping)臺已建立,各公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)轉入(ru)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(F類)時通(tong)過(guo)平(ping)臺逐(zhu)單查詢商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)險(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)年(nian)出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),并(bing)嚴格(ge)根據(ju)(ju)費(fei)率規章使(shi)(shi)用(yong)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)至二次(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)得(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)無賠款優(you)惠系(xi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)三(san)次(ci)(ci)上(shang)浮10%,四次(ci)(ci)上(shang)浮20%,五(wu)次(ci)(ci)及(ji)五(wu)次(ci)(ci)以(yi)上(shang)上(shang)浮30%。二是(shi)(shi)要(yao)嚴格(ge)執行統一(yi)核(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)制(zhi)度,加強核(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang),樹立核(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)工作的(de)(de)權(quan)威性,防(fang)止(zhi)病從(cong)口入(ru)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)確保(bao)(bao)(bao)原始(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)錄入(ru)真實可靠,強化數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)質量(liang)管理,加強考核(he),落實責(ze)任制(zhi),為業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)積(ji)累(lei)和(he)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)奠定基礎。四是(shi)(shi)做好數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi),對公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)經營情況進(jin)行動(dong)態監控(kong),做好業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)預(yu)測,以(yi)提高(gao)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)前瞻性,并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)費(fei)用(yong)差(cha)異化配置,有(you)效進(jin)行風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)選(xuan)擇,在競爭(zheng)中贏得(de)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)。

二、車險(xian)理(li)賠風(feng)險(xian)及防(fang)范

車險賠(pei)(pei)款(kuan)支出作為保險公司最(zui)大(da)的經營成本,賠(pei)(pei)付率過高,車險經營效益壓(ya)力很(hen)大(da)。賠(pei)(pei)款(kuan)未能(neng)及時(shi)兌(dui)現保險公司規定時(shi)間(jian)內結案(an)賠(pei)(pei)付的承諾(nuo),造成理(li)賠(pei)(pei)難的局面,直接(jie)影響保險公司的聲譽。車險理(li)賠(pei)(pei)工作中存在以(yi)下(xia)主要問題(ti):

一是近幾年汽車(che)走進了普(pu)通家(jia)庭成了代(dai)步工具,隨著車(che)輛的(de)巨增(zeng)(zeng)和新(xin)駕(jia)駛人的(de)不(bu)斷涌(yong)現,交通事故也(ye)隨之而增(zeng)(zeng),當前(qian)有(you)效報案(an)數(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)和已決賠(pei)案(an)數(shu)量增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)(su)已達歷史(shi)最高(gao)水平。2008年人保財險(xian)公司處理(li)(li)已決案(an)件(jian)呈高(gao)速(su)(su)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)態(tai)勢,每月(yue)平均處理(li)(li)賠(pei)案(an)超(chao)過100萬件(jian),出險(xian)率不(bu)斷增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)。

 二是三(san)責(ze)險賠(pei)付率持續上揚,其中(zhong)人傷案件賠(pei)款(kuan)占比逐(zhu)年增大,案均賠(pei)款(kuan)居(ju)高不下。涉及人傷案件的訴訟也(ye)呈上升趨勢。

三是理(li)賠關(guan)鍵(jian)環節管(guan)控不(bu)嚴,現場查勘(kan)過程的粗放管(guan)理(li),加上部(bu)分理(li)賠人員素質不(bu)高、原則(ze)性不(bu)強,把關(guan)不(bu)緊,增(zeng)加了理(li)賠水分。

四是保險(xian)欺詐行為(wei)不斷擴散(san),道德風險(xian)有蔓延的趨勢。

上述問題的出現有悖于現代保險公司注重經(jing)濟與社會效(xiao)益的最終目標(biao)。加(jia)強理賠管控,提升理賠工作水平(ping),以優質(zhi)的服務(wu)贏得客(ke)戶,強化理賠關鍵環節管控,擠壓(ya)理賠水分(fen),提升車(che)險盈利能(neng)力,使(shi)業務(wu)發(fa)展及服務(wu)和(he)諧社會的要求相(xiang)匹(pi)配。

1、加強(qiang)理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)隊伍建(jian)設(she),提(ti)升客戶服務能力。一是把好(hao)隊伍的入口關,強(qiang)化(hua)培訓。選擇高素質(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充實理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)隊伍。強(qiang)化(hua)理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技能建(jian)設(she),提(ti)高理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的綜合素質(zhi)。實行專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)崗(gang)位任(ren)職資格制(zhi),初(chu)中高定(ding)損(sun)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的權(quan)限(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和初(chu)中高核賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。二是完善(shan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的激勵(li)和約束機制(zhi),建(jian)立健全理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)業(ye)績(ji)量化(hua)考核體(ti)系,提(ti)高理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的責任(ren)心和工作(zuo)積(ji)極(ji)性。三是持續開展理(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)職業(ye)道德教育和和警示教育。

2、加大車(che)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)險(xian)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)力度(du),把好理(li)(li)賠第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)關。車(che)險(xian)的經(jing)營好壞與現(xian)(xian)場(chang)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)力度(du)有直接關聯,提高(gao)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)率(lv),加強(qiang)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)環節時限管理(li)(li),強(qiang)化第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)要求:一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)單(dan)方事(shi)故(gu)采取快(kuai)捷服務程序處理(li)(li)的案(an)(an)件(jian),第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)率(lv)包括復勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)事(shi)故(gu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)率(lv)必(bi)(bi)須達(da)到100%。二是(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)后(hou)未(wei)及時報(bao)案(an)(an)和有疑問(wen)的案(an)(an)件(jian)必(bi)(bi)須查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang),對(dui)(dui)于汽車(che)修(xiu)理(li)(li)廠代(dai)(dai)辦(ban)的案(an)(an)件(jian)必(bi)(bi)須和被保險(xian)人或事(shi)故(gu)當(dang)事(shi)人聯系,核實出(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)情(qing)況和復勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)事(shi)故(gu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)。三是(shi)對(dui)(dui)關鍵時間(jian)和關鍵車(che)型出(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)的車(che)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)案(an)(an)件(jian),當(dang)場(chang)報(bao)案(an)(an)的必(bi)(bi)須查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang),如(ru)未(wei)當(dang)場(chang)報(bao)案(an)(an)的,要復勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)。關鍵時間(jian)如(ru):下午一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)半(ban)左右,晚上七點(dian)半(ban)左右;關鍵車(che)型如(ru)使(shi)用年(nian)限8年(nian)以(yi)上的老舊車(che)型等。四是(shi)建立健全理(li)(li)賠后(hou)監(jian)督機(ji)制,定(ding)(ding)期開(kai)展定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)復查(cha)(cha)。查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)案(an)(an)件(jian)復查(cha)(cha)率(lv)不(bu)低于10%,核損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)案(an)(an)件(jian)復查(cha)(cha)率(lv)不(bu)低于3%。五是(shi)加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)異地代(dai)(dai)查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)案(an)(an)件(jian)的授權,車(che)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)超出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)數額的案(an)(an)件(jian)要派(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)級別定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)員前往出(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)地查(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。六(liu)是(shi)規范定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)標準(zhun),強(qiang)化報(bao)價(jia)(jia)和核損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)管理(li)(li),堅(jian)持(chi)能修(xiu)不(bu)換(huan)(huan),不(bu)能修(xiu)則換(huan)(huan)的原則,區(qu)分合作與不(bu)合作4S店(dian),嚴格(ge)理(li)(li)賠定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)標準(zhun),努力提高(gao)定(ding)(ding)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的準(zhun)確(que)性。

3、建(jian)立健(jian)全風(feng)險(xian)預警機制(zhi)(zhi),進(jin)一步加強對疑似(si)虛假案(an)件的(de)調查,嚴控通融案(an)件,建(jian)立支公(gong)司(si)賠案(an)反制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)監督機制(zhi)(zhi)。進(jin)一步完善公(gong)安駐保險(xian)公(gong)司(si)警務室的(de)建(jian)設(she),加大打(da)假防騙的(de)工作力度(du),提高(gao)打(da)擊(ji)效果。對有疑問的(de)人傷賠案(an)中的(de)戶口(kou)性(xing)質、被撫養人的(de)情況(kuang)及有明顯傷殘(can)評(ping)(ping)定不合理的(de)認真調查,申請重(zhong)新(xin)進(jin)行(xing)傷殘(can)評(ping)(ping)定。對重(zhong)大欺(qi)詐騙賠案(an)件的(de)查獲給予特殊獎勵。

4、加(jia)強人(ren)(ren)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)案(an)件的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li),擠壓(ya)不(bu)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)付(fu)。近年(nian)來人(ren)(ren)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)案(an)件賠(pei)款(kuan)(kuan)逐(zhu)年(nian)增(zeng)大(da),其(qi)中醫(yi)藥費(fei)(fei)、死亡傷(shang)(shang)(shang)殘賠(pei)款(kuan)(kuan)也是逐(zhu)年(nian)增(zeng)大(da),人(ren)(ren)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)案(an)件的(de)(de)案(an)均(jun)賠(pei)款(kuan)(kuan)居高(gao)不(bu)下,1-5月(yue)江蘇人(ren)(ren)保(bao)財險人(ren)(ren)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)案(an)均(jun)賠(pei)款(kuan)(kuan)22411元,同比增(zeng)加(jia)4261元,增(zeng)長率為23.48%。如何擠壓(ya)人(ren)(ren)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)案(an)件的(de)(de)水分是今(jin)后理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)工(gong)作的(de)(de)重點(dian)。一(yi)是要成(cheng)立由理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)部負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)、醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家、醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)跟蹤人(ren)(ren)員組成(cheng)的(de)(de)醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)跟蹤、審核(he)(he)小(xiao)組。對(dui)(dui)涉及(ji)人(ren)(ren)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)案(an)件進(jin)行(xing)跟蹤服務,提(ti)前介入,對(dui)(dui)醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)及(ji)用(yong)(yong)藥方案(an)、費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)標準等與醫(yi)院(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)溝通,并(bing)及(ji)時告知保(bao)戶。并(bing)要示跟蹤人(ren)(ren)員在第一(yi)時間到達醫(yi)院(yuan),詢(xun)問傷(shang)(shang)(shang)勢和(he)(he)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業及(ji)工(gong)資(zi)收(shou)(shou)入情況(kuang),掌握第一(yi)手資(zi)料。二(er)是對(dui)(dui)涉及(ji)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)殘和(he)(he)死亡案(an)件的(de)(de)被(bei)撫養人(ren)(ren)、傷(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)收(shou)(shou)入等相(xiang)關(guan)情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)調查(cha)。重點(dian)加(jia)關(guan)注10級傷(shang)(shang)(shang)殘的(de)(de)。三是嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)《道(dao)路交通事(shi)故(gu)受傷(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)員臨床診療(liao)(liao)(liao)指南》和(he)(he)基本醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)保(bao)險用(yong)(yong)藥范圍進(jin)行(xing)醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)費(fei)(fei)審核(he)(he),嚴格(ge)剔除賠(pei)案(an)中不(bu)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家進(jin)行(xing)相(xiang)關(guan)考核(he)(he),提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)工(gong)作積極性。

5、增強車(che)(che)險(xian)未(wei)(wei)決賠款(kuan)管(guan)理能力,提高(gao)數據準確(que)性。未(wei)(wei)決賠款(kuan)的準確(que)于否直接影(ying)響到(dao)公司(si)的綜(zong)合(he)賠付率(lv)、利潤(run)率(lv)等指標,直接影(ying)響車(che)(che)險(xian)經(jing)營(ying)成果(guo)。建(jian)立未(wei)(wei)決賠案(an)(an)長效管(guan)理機制(zhi),明確(que)專人負責(ze)車(che)(che)險(xian)未(wei)(wei)決賠款(kuan)管(guan)理,定期與(yu)保(bao)戶聯系(xi),了解案(an)(an)件進展及時對車(che)(che)險(xian)未(wei)(wei)決賠款(kuan)進行修正,使(shi)其與(yu)賠款(kuan)相近(jin),確(que)保(bao)數據的準確(que)性,防止車(che)(che)險(xian)未(wei)(wei)決賠款(kuan)估(gu)損過高(gao)或(huo)過低而(er)影(ying)響車(che)(che)險(xian)經(jing)營(ying)效益。

三、車險(xian)財務風險(xian)防范

車險(xian)(xian)財務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)主要表現為:應收保(bao)費的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)、成(cheng)本歸集不合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。防(fang)范財務費用風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)要從源頭(tou)抓起,降低車險(xian)(xian)經營中的(de)(de)(de)各項成(cheng)本,將綜合成(cheng)本率作(zuo)為重要考(kao)核指標(biao)。

1、強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)分險(xian)(xian)核算工(gong)作,確(que)保車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)經營(ying)成本的(de)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)歸(gui)(gui)集(ji)。目(mu)前直接費用(yong)(yong)間接化(hua)、間接費用(yong)(yong)平均化(hua)的(de)問題(ti)仍不(bu)同程度存(cun)在,各險(xian)(xian)種間費用(yong)(yong)分攤不(bu)均衡現象仍未得到根(gen)本解(jie)決(jue)。要從源頭提高費用(yong)(yong)歸(gui)(gui)集(ji)的(de)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)性、合理(li)(li)性,真實反應(ying)經營(ying)情況(kuang)。一是實行(xing)(xing)銷售(shou)費用(yong)(yong)的(de)差異化(hua)配(pei)置,以增強(qiang)(qiang)風險(xian)(xian)選(xuan)擇(ze)能力(li),將費用(yong)(yong)向優質(zhi)業務、優質(zhi)客戶群傾斜,切實提高銷售(shou)效(xiao)率。二是推進車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)理(li)(li)賠(pei)的(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)和規(gui)范化(hua)操作,提高理(li)(li)賠(pei)效(xiao)率,降低理(li)(li)賠(pei)成本,提高理(li)(li)賠(pei)資源利用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率。要重點解(jie)決(jue)在車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)賠(pei)案中不(bu)合理(li)(li)列(lie)支各種行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)管理(li)(li)費用(yong)(yong)問題(ti)。

2、全(quan)面推廣車(che)險“見費出單(dan)”,加強應收(shou)(shou)保(bao)費管控(kong),集中清理(li)存(cun)量(liang)應收(shou)(shou)。嚴格管理(li)和考核機制(zhi),全(quan)面規(gui)范(fan)應收(shou)(shou)保(bao)費管理(li)。

四、新(xin)《保險法》對車險的(de)風(feng)險防范

將于(yu)2009年10月1日起實施的(de)(de)(de)新《保(bao)(bao)險(xian)法》,關于(yu)被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人利(li)益保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)條文有(you)了(le)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)增加,這既是(shi)法律對當前保(bao)(bao)險(xian)業主(zhu)體關系地位的(de)(de)(de)調整,也是(shi)當前保(bao)(bao)險(xian)業務經營中(zhong)尤其是(shi)理(li)賠(pei)過程中(zhong)諸多問題的(de)(de)(de)體現。因而如何順(shun)應《保(bao)(bao)險(xian)法》的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),規(gui)范財產保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)內部理(li)賠(pei)流程,提(ti)升理(li)賠(pei)服務能(neng)力和速度,降低理(li)賠(pei)過程中(zhong)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)訴訟風險(xian),是(shi)車(che)險(xian)理(li)賠(pei)所面臨的(de)(de)(de)新課題。

篇3

關鍵詞(ci):車輛保(bao)險;經營管(guan)理(li);風險控制

中圖分類(lei)號:F840 文獻標識碼(ma):A 文章編(bian)號:1001-828X(2014)05-0-02

一、車險(xian)在(zai)財險(xian)中的地位及發展(zhan)現狀

(一)車險(xian)在(zai)財險(xian)中的地位

我國從2007年開始(shi)實施(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制度(du),作(zuo)為(wei)產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支柱險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種,機動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)覆蓋面進一步得到擴(kuo)大(da)(da),其(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)成為(wei)產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分。具(ju)體表現在車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)速高(gao)于產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長速度(du)。以及(ji)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)對產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻率高(gao)達84.33%。機動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)交(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)廣(guang)闊(kuo)占有(you)率高(gao)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)占財(cai)產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕大(da)(da)部(bu)分,占我國財(cai)產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)份(fen)額(e)最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前四家公(gong)司(si)各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)占總業(ye)務(wu)(wu)份(fen)額(e)超過(guo)60%,甚至(zhi)90%以上。由(you)于車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)增(zeng)長過(guo)快(kuai),使整個(ge)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效益(yi)均(jun)由(you)機動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)情況決定;三是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)還有(you)盈利空間可(ke)供挖掘。過(guo)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)規(gui)模(mo)以及(ji)過(guo)快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升趨勢,導致車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)壓力(li)過(guo)大(da)(da),盈利狀況差(cha)強(qiang)人意。交(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與機動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)賠付率增(zeng)加了(le)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度(du),考(kao)驗著經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)能(neng)力(li)。而(er)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)能(neng)力(li)直接影(ying)響著產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和非壽險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)前景(jing);四是(shi)(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)均(jun)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)很低(di),增(zeng)加了(le)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。因此(ci),各保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點從車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)轉向提(ti)高(gao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利潤。

(二)車(che)險的發展現狀(zhuang)

作為財(cai)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要支柱險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種,機動車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營狀況不(bu)容樂觀(guan)。最近幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)長速度逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)升(sheng)。據統計,2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)占(zhan)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)總額(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)57%,其中(zhong)市場份額(e)(e)最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si),車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)占(zhan)總營業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)額(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)72%左右,中(zhong)小公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)占(zhan)比更是(shi)在82%左右,更有甚者(zhe)能達到88%以(yi)上(shang)。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)各公(gong)司(si)(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)占(zhan)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)費(fei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例繼續增(zeng)加(jia),已經(jing)(jing)超過(guo)(guo)了(le)81%,賠(pei)付率(lv)高(gao)和整(zheng)體效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)差是(shi)目前車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩大(da)特點(dian),2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)絕大(da)多數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)都(dou)沒有盈利基(ji)本上(shang)算是(shi)全線虧損。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利潤率(lv)是(shi)負的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這種情況雖然在2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)第(di)一(yi)(yi)季度有所改(gai)善,但仍無法改(gai)變全行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)虧損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況。因此(ci),只有車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)取得效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)才能保(bao)證整(zheng)個產(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi),車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)舉(ju)足輕(qing)重。財(cai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)集中(zhong)在車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)這一(yi)(yi)部分,對車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營管理關系到公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)情況,把車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)作為發展(zhan)(zhan)重點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang),各公(gong)司(si)(si)也應該優(you)化險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種結(jie)構。自(zi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)來,車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)付率(lv)攀(pan)升(sheng),增(zeng)幅(fu)可能進一(yi)(yi)步加(jia)大(da)。賠(pei)付率(lv)增(zeng)長過(guo)(guo)快增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)付壓力(li),使(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支出超過(guo)(guo)預(yu)算,降低了(le)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贏(ying)利能力(li),車(che)(che)(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“保(bao)費(fei)高(gao)、賠(pei)付高(gao)、效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)低”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營特點(dian)不(bu)利于整(zheng)個行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)續發展(zhan)(zhan)。

二、車險經(jing)營(ying)管理存在的主要問題

(一)營銷方式及產品趨同

各(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品種和營銷策略(lve)大抵相(xiang)同(tong)。合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任范(fan)圍(wei)和附加(jia)險(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)成結構也都相(xiang)似,對(dui)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場的(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)和分類(lei)沒有各(ge)(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)特色,策劃方(fang)案不(bu)(bu)成熟(shu)。這些原因的(de)(de)(de)存在使得各(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)成本結構類(lei)同(tong)。而各(ge)(ge)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品種又類(lei)似,其經(jing)濟價(jia)值大致相(xiang)同(tong),可以提供的(de)(de)(de)服務也差不(bu)(bu)多,費率差別不(bu)(bu)大,因此投保(bao)(bao)方(fang)向大都和關系有關也就不(bu)(bu)奇(qi)怪了(le)。許多新的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)哪怕經(jing)營了(le)好幾年(nian),公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)盈利狀況還是不(bu)(bu)容樂觀。因為傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)營銷機制要求公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)具備龐大的(de)(de)(de)社會關系網,而新公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶群規模并不(bu)(bu)大,依靠傳(chuan)統方(fang)式很(hen)難取得競爭優勢。這就要求各(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)必須改(gai)善產(chan)品開發策略(lve)和營銷方(fang)法(fa),創(chuang)新管理(li)方(fang)法(fa),提高產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)服務質量,建立靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)營銷制度,從(cong)而提高對(dui)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營管理(li)能力。

(二)車險(xian)競爭成本較高

目前保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)費(fei)(fei)用虛高(gao)、降(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei)競(jing)爭以(yi)及理(li)賠(pei)政策寬(kuan)(kuan)松(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)比較普遍。一方面大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新建公司(si)(si)進(jin)入保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)場后為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)擴(kuo)展(zhan)業(ye)務(wu)不惜(xi)通(tong)過(guo)支(zhi)付(fu)高(gao)工資和向(xiang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中介機(ji)構(gou)支(zhi)付(fu)高(gao)昂的(de)(de)(de)(de)手續費(fei)(fei),從而增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)營(ying)(ying)業(ye)費(fei)(fei)用進(jin)而倒(dao)逼經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)增(zeng)高(gao)。另(ling)一方面作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)銷方式汽車經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷商兼業(ye)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)。汽車經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷商為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)完(wan)成(cheng)銷售指標,被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓縮汽車經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷利(li)潤(run)并希望(wang)通(tong)過(guo)賣(mai)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)挽回(hui)。另(ling)外保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意競(jing)爭產生降(jiang)(jiang)費(fei)(fei),客(ke)戶會選擇(ze)投(tou)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式投(tou)保(bao)(bao)車輛保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),而激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格競(jing)爭導(dao)致一些公司(si)(si)忽略了(le)(le)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),犧牲成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)惡意競(jing)標,產品數量(liang)(liang)和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)本(ben)(ben)末倒(dao)置,用效益換來的(de)(de)(de)(de)規模不但降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)還增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)風險(xian)(xian)(xian),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)發生虧損(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能性。另(ling)外,寬(kuan)(kuan)松(song)理(li)賠(pei)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭手段(duan)也增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。理(li)賠(pei)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)服務(wu)形式,一旦被用于競(jing)爭,必然大幅度地(di)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)賠(pei)付(fu)水平,也加(jia)大了(le)(le)對(dui)賠(pei)案(an)水分的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制難(nan)度,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)要承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)付(fu)和管理(li)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)都增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)。高(gao)費(fei)(fei)用、高(gao)賠(pei)付(fu)和低費(fei)(fei)率是保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)很難(nan)獲(huo)得利(li)潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要原因。在車險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)絕(jue)對(dui)數量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)下(xia)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)利(li)潤(run)下(xia)滑,也損(sun)(sun)害了(le)(le)消費(fei)(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益,導(dao)致社會資源(yuan)配置不合理(li),

(三)車險(xian)管理(li)機(ji)制存在弊端(duan)

1.約束機(ji)制不夠完善(shan)

目前保(bao)險公司的(de)承保(bao)質(zhi)量普遍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高,比如高達70多萬(wan)元(yuan)的(de)凌(ling)志(zhi)400轎(jiao)車(che)的(de)保(bao)險價(jia)(jia)值被定(ding)(ding)為(wei)35萬(wan),出(chu)險后不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)及時的(de)按比例進行賠付;而1985年(nian)生(sheng)產的(de)蘭鳥轎(jiao)車(che)的(de)保(bao)險價(jia)(jia)值卻被定(ding)(ding)為(wei)30萬(wan)元(yuan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)折舊仍按30萬(wan)承保(bao)車(che)險行業中類(lei)似的(de)由于不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)負責任(ren)而給公司帶來經濟損失的(de)現(xian)象不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在少數。約(yue)束機制的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善導致權利(li)和(he)義務(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)匹配,從事車(che)險業務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)中很少具有(you)處理車(che)險業務(wu)問題和(he)承擔相(xiang)應責任(ren)的(de)權限。雖然有(you)些公司建立了相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)規章制度,可執行力度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大,使其(qi)成為(wei)一種擺設。

2.考核機制不夠(gou)科學

目(mu)前對(dui)(dui)車險行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)評(ping)方法(fa)仍(reng)(reng)(reng)過(guo)于依賴數量(liang)。一(yi)年四個季(ji)度(du)都(dou)(dou)在考(kao)核(he)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)進度(du)只有年終考(kao)核(he)利潤;在整(zheng)(zheng)個考(kao)評(ping)過(guo)程(cheng)中,針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)指標很少,且大都(dou)(dou)是(shi)輔的(de)(de)(de)指標。如人保公(gong)司曾經實施的(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)單險種考(kao)核(he)。從簽(qian)單、驗險承保、核(he)保核(he)賠到勘(kan)查事故現場的(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)個環節都(dou)(dou)比較規范科學,但從整(zheng)(zheng)體上看,對(dui)(dui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)評(ping)還不夠,在考(kao)核(he)中占比不大,仍(reng)(reng)(reng)過(guo)于依賴數量(liang)。為了(le)實現業(ye)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)“保賠分離”,業(ye)務(wu)發(fa)展和理(li)(li)(li)賠服務(wu)中心(xin)應運(yun)而生,雖然改變(bian)了(le)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)形(xing)式,但考(kao)核(he)機制仍(reng)(reng)(reng)不完善,現在是(shi)由地市理(li)(li)(li)賠中心(xin)承擔大部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)賠。而原來的(de)(de)(de)保費收入以及效益(yi)考(kao)核(he)是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)基層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de),針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)經濟效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)核(he)缺(que)乏(fa)科學的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)辦法(fa),對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)可(ke)以是(shi)地市理(li)(li)(li)賠中心(xin)也可(ke)以是(shi)基層(ceng)。

(四)車(che)險理賠風(feng)險較大

車險(xian)(xian)過高的(de)支出(chu)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)付(fu)(fu)率增加了(le)公司(si)的(de)經營收(shou)益壓力。隨(sui)著生活水平的(de)提(ti)高汽車開始走進千家萬戶,交(jiao)通事故(gu)的(de)發生率也在逐年(nian)升高,有效報(bao)案(an)和已決賠(pei)(pei)(pei)案(an)的(de)數量(liang)增速不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高。人(ren)(ren)保財(cai)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)2012年(nian)平均(jun)每月處理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)案(an)120多萬件(jian)。三責險(xian)(xian)的(de)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)付(fu)(fu)率持續上升以(yi)及關于人(ren)(ren)傷案(an)件(jian)訴訟越來越多,涉及人(ren)(ren)傷的(de)案(an)均(jun)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)款占比(bi)居高不(bu)(bu)下。對于理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)關鍵(jian)環(huan)節管控力度不(bu)(bu)夠(gou),管理(li)(li)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)手段(duan)比(bi)較落后,現場查勘比(bi)較粗糙,一些理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)業務素質(zhi)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)等原因,造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)許多財(cai)險(xian)(xian)公司(si)的(de)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)過關、對車險(xian)(xian)的(de)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)水分很高。隨(sui)著保險(xian)(xian)欺詐行為(wei)的(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴散,增加了(le)保險(xian)(xian)行業的(de)道德(de)風險(xian)(xian),滋生了(le)騙保、徇私(si)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)付(fu)(fu)等現象。

三、關于車險經營管(guan)理(li)問題的改(gai)進對策

(一)建立新的(de)車險業務(wu)發(fa)展戰略(lve)

目前保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)市(shi)場呈現出多元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)格(ge)局(ju),保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)關鍵(jian)在(zai)于(yu)服(fu)務質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)。作為(wei)(wei)社(she)會關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦點,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)理賠是否及(ji)(ji)時準確、是否為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)戶考慮等成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)拷問企業良心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標尺(chi)。因(yin)此,保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司應(ying)當把(ba)保(bao)(bao)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滿意程度作為(wei)(wei)評價自己(ji)公(gong)司服(fu)務質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準,盡量(liang)(liang)簡化(hua)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)手續,提高(gao)理賠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)及(ji)(ji)時性等,通過切實(shi)(shi)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa),改善服(fu)務質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),提高(gao)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占有率。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司與(yu)各分公(gong)司要建(jian)立良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息交流機制,通過對車(che)險(xian)(xian)市(shi)場科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析,保(bao)(bao)證車(che)險(xian)(xian)產品與(yu)市(shi)場發展(zhan)相(xiang)適應(ying),能夠(gou)及(ji)(ji)時為(wei)(wei)客戶提供所需產品,在(zai)保(bao)(bao)證服(fu)務質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時降低經(jing)營成(cheng)本,實(shi)(shi)現車(che)險(xian)(xian)經(jing)營管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗放向精細化(hua)轉變。

根據英國學者格(ge)里(li)芬的(de)(de)(de)研究表明車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)用戶對保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)需求會受到各(ge)種(zhong)因素的(de)(de)(de)影響和制約,所以(yi)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)公司應(ying)該(gai)在能保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)提供差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),針對不(bu)(bu)同地(di)區,不(bu)(bu)同車(che)(che)型,不(bu)(bu)同需求的(de)(de)(de)客戶制定相應(ying)產(chan)品(pin),與銀行或中介(jie)機(ji)構形成(cheng)規模(mo)效應(ying),不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)降低車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)中介(jie)費用,使(shi)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)附(fu)加(jia)保(bao)(bao)費不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)下降,保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)一些客戶在購(gou)買多(duo)種(zhong)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)花費太多(duo)金錢,使(shi)客戶愿意購(gou)買多(duo)種(zhong)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin),不(bu)(bu)但能夠分擔車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian),還能夠提升保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司和中介(jie)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)效益。

(二)加強車險成本管(guan)理(li)

保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司應該不斷(duan)培養公司內部員(yuan)工(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于成本(ben)(ben)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)意識,協助員(yuan)工(gong)樹立效(xiao)(xiao)益觀念(nian)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于車險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)言(yan)(yan),盈(ying)虧(kui)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含義就(jiu)是(shi),在充分(fen)考慮各項費用等因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下,如(ru)果賠付率(lv)達(da)到60%,同時(shi)(shi)支付10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)手續費,那么盈(ying)虧(kui)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)點(dian)即是(shi)70%,根(gen)據盈(ying)虧(kui)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)點(dian),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)單筆(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)言(yan)(yan),若盈(ying)利(li)(li)低(di)于臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)點(dian)就(jiu)應該舍棄此業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。即使對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于與公司已經(jing)有(you)長久(jiu)合作的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu),也應該利(li)(li)用盈(ying)利(li)(li)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)點(dian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析判斷(duan),保(bao)證(zheng)每筆(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)都(dou)能(neng)為保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司帶來(lai)收(shou)益,同時(shi)(shi)不斷(duan)降(jiang)低(di)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)(ben),在保(bao)證(zheng)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)削減保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)間過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)支出。制定科學(xue)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)方案,可將業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)從低(di)到高分(fen)為六個類別(bie)A,B,C,D,E,F,通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)精細(xi)劃分(fen),從而(er)制定有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)策略(lve)。先對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各客戶(hu)群(qun)所(suo)屬險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)行(xing)盈(ying)利(li)(li)性分(fen)析,確定各客戶(hu)群(qun)所(suo)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)益險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)類型,根(gen)據得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性地對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)客戶(hu)加大(da)營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)力(li)度(du),限(xian)制虧(kui)損險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao),提高每單保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盈(ying)利(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)。具體說(shuo)來(lai)“全力(li)鞏固A類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),積極發展(zhan)B類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升C類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),控(kong)制D類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),重(zhong)點(dian)管控(kong)E,F類業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),提高優(you)質(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)續保(bao)率(lv)”。

(三)建立健全車險管理機制

嚴格把(ba)控車(che)損險(xian)(xian)(xian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng),將理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)關(guan)掌控好。現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)力(li)(li)度直接影響車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)力(li)(li)度,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)(dui)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)損環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)限(xian)管理(li)(li),強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化對(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan):首先(xian)(xian),對(dui)(dui)非雙(shuang)方事故(gu)處理(li)(li)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可采取“快(kuai)捷服(fu)務程(cheng)(cheng)序”,第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(復勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)事故(gu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)看率(lv)(lv)(lv))不(bu)(bu)能(neng)低于(yu)95%,否則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)得采取“快(kuai)捷服(fu)務程(cheng)(cheng)序”操作(zuo)。其(qi)次(ci),如果出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)未(wei)能(neng)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)報(bao)(bao)案(an)(an)(an)(an)或出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)疑(yi)問必(bi)(bi)須(xu)對(dui)(dui)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)行查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan),如果案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)由(you)汽車(che)修(xiu)理(li)(li)廠代(dai)辦,則(ze)(ze)被保險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)和(he)事故(gu)當(dang)事人(ren)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)有(you)知情權,經當(dang)事人(ren)同意(yi)再(zai)對(dui)(dui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行核(he)(he)實和(he)再(zai)次(ci)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)事故(gu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。再(zai)次(ci),在關(guan)鍵時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)當(dang)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)報(bao)(bao)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵車(che)型(xing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)損案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)對(dui)(dui)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)行查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan),如出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)車(che)損卻未(wei)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)報(bao)(bao)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),要(yao)(yao)重新查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。其(qi)中(zhong)關(guan)鍵時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)主要(yao)(yao)指下午的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)半與(yu)(yu)(yu)傍(bang)晚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七點(dian)半這兩個時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)點(dian),關(guan)鍵車(che)型(xing)主要(yao)(yao)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些年(nian)限(xian)老舊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)動車(che)。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)建立完善理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)后(hou)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)制,堅持定(ding)(ding)(ding)損復查(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展。查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)率(lv)(lv)(lv)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)高(gao)于(yu)10%,核(he)(he)損案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)率(lv)(lv)(lv)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)高(gao)于(yu)3%。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)異地查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受理(li)(li),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)大(da)型(xing)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),如車(che)損數額(e)過大(da)要(yao)(yao)派出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)級別定(ding)(ding)(ding)損員前往出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)地查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)損。要(yao)(yao)由(you)職業責任感強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),業務精通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)員到出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan),避免(mian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)騙賠(pei)(pei)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)查(cha)(cha)(cha)勘(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)準確(que)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。最后(hou)要(yao)(yao)重新制定(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)損準則(ze)(ze),加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)報(bao)(bao)價(jia)與(yu)(yu)(yu)核(he)(he)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li),遇險(xian)(xian)(xian)車(che)輛要(yao)(yao)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行維(wei)修(xiu),實在無法修(xiu)理(li)(li)才(cai)可更換,明確(que)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)明確(que)與(yu)(yu)(yu)4S店是(shi)否有(you)合作(zuo)關(guan)系,避免(mian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu)(wu)性。保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司應該(gai)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)對(dui)(dui)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經營(ying)(ying)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)(li),由(you)于(yu)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)(pei)付與(yu)(yu)(yu)收益要(yao)(yao)受未(wei)決(jue)賠(pei)(pei)款的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約,所(suo)以對(dui)(dui)于(yu)位居賠(pei)(pei)款數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao),通過信(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)(jiao)流或其(qi)他措(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)把(ba)握能(neng)力(li)(li),保證數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實性,協助保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司制定(ding)(ding)(ding)經營(ying)(ying)戰略,不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)盈利能(neng)力(li)(li),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司應該(gai)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和(he)車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流,在理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)工作(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),通過與(yu)(yu)(yu)客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系保證理(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)數據信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)程(cheng)(cheng)度,避免(mian)傳統未(wei)決(jue)賠(pei)(pei)款出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)核(he)(he)算(suan)失誤(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)升公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盈利能(neng)力(li)(li)。

(四)防范車險(xian)理賠風險(xian)

首先(xian)加強(qiang)核(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)作力度,正確嚴(yan)肅(su)的(de)對待核(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)制(zhi)(zhi)度。核(he)(he)查每個保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單,不允(yun)許(xu)出絲毫紕漏,從根源切斷理(li)賠風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。核(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員必須(xu)銘記公司(si)(si)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條款(kuan)費率,充分了(le)(le)解客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)情況,熟悉市(shi)場環境。要定期(qi)對核(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)員進(jin)行(xing)考(kao)核(he)(he)和(he)培訓,防止由于業(ye)(ye)務(wu)壓力和(he)自身的(de)因素降低核(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)真實(shi)性(xing)(xing)。為降低承(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),要堅決執行(xing)公司(si)(si)車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條款(kuan)與(yu)費率。其次建立基(ji)礎數(shu)(shu)據管理(li)的(de)實(shi)施細(xi)則(ze),加大管理(li)力度,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)原始(shi)數(shu)(shu)據的(de)真實(shi)性(xing)(xing),落(luo)實(shi)責任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi),完善(shan)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)數(shu)(shu)據積累與(yu)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)分析。再次通(tong)過進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據分析,動態監控公司(si)(si)的(de)經營(ying)情況,建立重點指標的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)預警系統,準(zhun)確詳細(xi)的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)數(shu)(shu)據,是車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠穩定運營(ying)的(de)基(ji)礎。最(zui)后對工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員嚴(yan)格監督考(kao)核(he)(he),不能有用承(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)造(zao)假,無賠款(kuan)支付(fu)優(you)待與(yu)人(ren)為降低保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費等現(xian)象出現(xian),不得(de)人(ren)為將(jiang)(jiang)營(ying)業(ye)(ye)用車(che)(che)作為非營(ying)業(ye)(ye)用車(che)(che)或將(jiang)(jiang)家(jia)庭(ting)用車(che)(che)作為營(ying)業(ye)(ye)用車(che)(che)性(xing)(xing)質承(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),不得(de)更改承(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)如初始(shi)登記日期(qi)、出險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)記錄與(yu)使用性(xing)(xing)質等。展業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員由于可以掌(zhang)握(wo)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)大量(liang)的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi),必須(xu)要有強(qiang)烈的(de)職業(ye)(ye)責任(ren)感(gan),要全方位多角度的(de)了(le)(le)解客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi),在車(che)(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)承(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)中要嚴(yan)查客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi),防止“病(bing)從口入”從根源上(shang)杜絕風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)發(fa)生。

細化風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),健全核保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)制(zhi)度,針對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同險(xian)(xian)(xian)種制(zhi)定核保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)規定。不(bu)(bu)同性質車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)特征不(bu)(bu)同。營(ying)業(ye)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)種工(gong)作(zuo)工(gong)具(ju),基本都(dou)是長途行(xing)(xing)駛,有(you)非(fei)常高的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)頻率,“三(san)(san)超”現象(xiang)十分(fen)嚴重,因此出(chu)現交通(tong)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)概率較(jiao)高,有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)者(zhe)險(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)付(fu)金(jin)額。所(suo)以,對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)營(ying)業(ye)性車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)三(san)(san)者(zhe)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)償限額要(yao)合理確定,對(dui)不(bu)(bu)計(ji)免賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)限制(zhi)。一(yi)些非(fei)營(ying)業(ye)性車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang),那些高檔車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)更(geng)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)配件和維修價格(ge)非(fei)常高,而且出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)后客戶對(dui)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)維修的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求要(yao)比一(yi)般客戶高很(hen)多,導致車(che)(che)(che)損險(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),因此控制(zhi)高保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)額或高齡(ling)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)等非(fei)營(ying)業(ye)性車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)也非(fei)常重要(yao);對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)新上手的(de)(de)(de)(de)私家車(che)(che)(che),由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)駕駛員(yuan)基本都(dou)在實習期,駕駛不(bu)(bu)夠熟練(lian),有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)率,會出(chu)現很(hen)多小碰(peng)撞小摩擦,再加之新車(che)(che)(che)開(kai)始處于(yu)(yu)(yu)磨合期階(jie)段(duan),因此,要(yao)限制(zhi)對(dui)新上手的(de)(de)(de)(de)私家車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)計(ji)免賠(pei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),用(yong)來提高駕駛員(yuan)駕車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任意(yi)識;單保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)三(san)(san)者(zhe)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)著(zhu)均賠(pei)款太高的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,所(suo)以要(yao)避(bi)免高限額承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),要(yao)制(zhi)定準(zhun)確完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)核保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),同時(shi)提高數據分(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)(de)精準(zhun)度、將車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)門別類。防(fang)微杜漸從根本上降低(di)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),并推出(chu)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)順利的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施。

參考文獻:

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 [5]王維平.淺(qian)析車險續保過程管理[J].哈(ha)爾濱職業技術學(xue)院學(xue)報,2013,1:122-123.

篇4

【關鍵詞】機動車輛保險;理(li)賠;服務問題;改善措施

一、機動車輛保險理賠

機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)是(shi)(shi)指被(bei)(bei)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)在發生保險(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任范圍內的(de)(de)(de)事故后(hou),保險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)依據保險(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)對(dui)被(bei)(bei)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)索賠(pei)(pei)請求(qiu)進行處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei),機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)需要履行對(dui)機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)被(bei)(bei)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)支(zhi)付機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)金的(de)(de)(de)義務和責(ze)任,這種(zhong)履行機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)義務與(yu)責(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)通(tong)常稱(cheng)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)(pei),簡稱(cheng)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)。機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)涉及(ji)到(dao)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)雙方的(de)(de)(de)權力與(yu)義務的(de)(de)(de)實現,是(shi)(shi)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營中的(de)(de)(de)一項重要內容。保險(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)一般應遵守(shou)"重合(he)同(tong)、守(shou)信用、實事求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)、主(zhu)動、迅(xun)速(su)、準確、合(he)理(li)"的(de)(de)(de)原則。機(ji)(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)程(cheng)序為(wei)立案檢驗、審查(cha)單證、審核責(ze)任、損(sun)失調查(cha)、核算損(sun)失程(cheng)度(du)、損(sun)余(yu)處理(li)、給(gei)付賠(pei)(pei)款(kuan)以及(ji)行使代位(wei)追償(chang)權。

二(er)、華(hua)安保險(xian)公司車(che)輛保險(xian)理賠中(zhong)存在的問題

1.理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)周(zhou)期太長。從(cong)被保險(xian)(xian)人報(bao)案開始一直(zhi)到(dao)得到(dao)保險(xian)(xian)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)款大(da)約(yue)要一個月的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。盡管(guan)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流程并(bing)不(bu)復雜,但是每一步都(dou)要花費很(hen)(hen)長時(shi)(shi)間(jian),導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)最終結果(guo)就(jiu)是理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)周(zhou)期過(guo)(guo)長。理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)周(zhou)期長已成為車險(xian)(xian)服務中存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)問題,這(zhe)也(ye)造成了很(hen)(hen)多想要通(tong)過(guo)(guo)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)得到(dao)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶沒有得到(dao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助而(er)造成更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)傷害,不(bu)管(guan)對于保險(xian)(xian)公司(si)還是被保險(xian)(xian)人本身,這(zhe)都(dou)是得不(bu)償失的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此很(hen)(hen)多車險(xian)(xian)投保人對華安(an)公司(si)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)速度都(dou)很(hen)(hen)不(bu)滿意,,甚至很(hen)(hen)多投保人認(ren)為華安(an)公司(si)只注重(zhong)承保過(guo)(guo)程而(er)忽視理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)過(guo)(guo)程,只注重(zhong)承保時(shi)(shi)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益而(er)忽視理(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)時(shi)(shi)客戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。

2.審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)過多(duo)。由于審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)方(fang)式(shi)太過老套(tao)所以(yi)(yi)間接導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)的(de)增(zeng)多(duo),再加上審(shen)核制度本身(shen)的(de)局限性(xing),使得理(li)賠(pei)(pei)申(shen)請要在(zai)華(hua)安公司內部進行層(ceng)層(ceng)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)。從車險投(tou)保(bao)人報案開始,層(ceng)層(ceng)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)隨之而來。理(li)賠(pei)(pei)申(shen)請手續以(yi)(yi)及(ji)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)申(shen)請書的(de)填(tian)寫要經過嚴格的(de)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi),只(zhi)有(you)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)合(he)格后才(cai)能進行下(xia)一(yi)步(bu),雖然(ran)華(hua)安公司在(zai)健全(quan)管理(li)信息系統方(fang)面(mian)投(tou)入了(le)很多(duo)資金,但是(shi)在(zai)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)上還是(shi)以(yi)(yi)紙質操作為(wei)主,并沒(mei)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)進步(bu),這(zhe)種方(fang)式(shi)往往會造成審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)的(de)主觀性(xing)太強和審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)不全(quan)面(mian)等問題,所以(yi)(yi)下(xia)一(yi)步(bu)為(wei)了(le)降低風險就(jiu)(jiu)需要再次進行審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi),這(zhe)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)無形之中導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)的(de)再次增(zeng)多(duo)。

3.信息系統(tong)不完善。雖然華安保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)已經建立了(le)(le)(le)覆蓋(gai)全公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)信息系統(tong),但(dan)是滿足(zu)不了(le)(le)(le)目(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求,在華安保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)會(hui)經常出現(xian)理(li)賠(pei)資(zi)料(liao)流(liu)轉速度(du)過慢,查詢(xun)效率過低等(deng)問題。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)擁(yong)有每個投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詳細資(zi)料(liao),但(dan)由(you)于公(gong)司(si)章程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制,在現(xian)場勘(kan)(kan)查時都是通過電話來調配勘(kan)(kan)查人(ren)員,這(zhe)就(jiu)使得(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容不能第一時間被勘(kan)(kan)查人(ren)員得(de)知,所以勘(kan)(kan)查人(ren)員在現(xian)場時無法對被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)投保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車型及險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種等(deng)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)解,這(zhe)就(jiu)直接影響了(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du),有時甚至會(hui)產生不必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩,遭到客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投訴。

4.管理(li)(li)(li)制度(du)(du)缺失。華安保(bao)(bao)險公司采取將車輛承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)與理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)分離的(de)管理(li)(li)(li)辦法,承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)部門可(ke)以(yi)用保(bao)(bao)單和承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)額來衡(heng)量(liang)業績(ji),并且有嚴格的(de)規章制度(du)(du),確保(bao)(bao)了承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)過程中的(de)每(mei)一步都有章可(ke)依。但是理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)部門的(de)情況卻不容樂觀(guan),在理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)過程中出(chu)現了很多問題,由于獎(jiang)懲機制的(de)缺乏和績(ji)效考核制度(du)(du)的(de)不完善,使得理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)部門的(de)員工(gong)缺乏危(wei)機感,工(gong)作沒有動力(li)并且服務態度(du)(du)差以(yi)至于造成客(ke)戶(hu)流失的(de)后果。甚至有部分理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)人員憑借經(jing)驗(yan)處理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)案件(jian),主觀(guan)性和隨意性都太大(da)。

三、理賠現狀的改(gai)善措施

隨著車(che)輛保險(xian)市場的(de)不(bu)斷發展,車(che)輛投保人的(de)維權意識也逐(zhu)漸(jian)提高,對車(che)險(xian)理(li)賠服務提出了(le)更高的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)理(li)賠模(mo)式已經不(bu)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)當代的(de)保險(xian)業,所以(yi)對傳(chuan)(chuan)統理(li)賠模(mo)式的(de)改革和完善成為(wei)保險(xian)業的(de)首要(yao)任務,以(yi)確保理(li)賠模(mo)式適(shi)應(ying)時展的(de)步伐。

1.提高服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)質量(liang)。因為(wei)車輛投保人(ren)對(dui)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)質量(liang)的要(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)來越(yue)高,所以(yi)在同(tong)等的成本條件下,提供更好服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的保險(xian)公(gong)司就處于有利地(di)位(wei)。保險(xian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)包括承(cheng)保服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)和理(li)(li)賠(pei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu),以(yi)往保險(xian)公(gong)司只(zhi)注(zhu)重(zhong)承(cheng)保服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu),忽視理(li)(li)賠(pei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu),使(shi)(shi)人(ren)們產生“重(zhong)承(cheng)保輕理(li)(li)賠(pei)”的看法,影響(xiang)保險(xian)業的發(fa)展。只(zhi)有重(zhong)視理(li)(li)賠(pei)并且(qie)提高理(li)(li)賠(pei)的服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)質量(liang)才能使(shi)(shi)保險(xian)業更快更好的良性發(fa)展。

2.提(ti)高員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)素(su)養。目前市面上的(de)車(che)(che)輛品牌不斷(duan)更(geng)新換(huan)代并且機動(dong)車(che)(che)輛現(xian)場(chang)查勘定(ding)(ding)損(sun)是一(yi)項專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性很強(qiang)的(de)工(gong)作,這也就迫使查勘定(ding)(ding)損(sun)人員(yuan)(yuan)必須(xu)有更(geng)高的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性并且經常更(geng)新專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)知識,以(yi)適應工(gong)作的(de)需要,而(er)現(xian)有培(pei)養模式無(wu)法滿足這種要求,所以(yi)提(ti)高員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)素(su)養已成必然趨勢。

3.堅持能力與職位(wei)想匹配原則。在車險(xian)理賠(pei)管控諸要素中,人的(de)(de)(de)因素是(shi)(shi)最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de),選好人是(shi)(shi)做好車險(xian)理賠(pei)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提和保障。因此(ci),管理者(zhe)要選用(yong)業務素質和政治素質較高的(de)(de)(de)人到(dao)理賠(pei)崗位(wei)上(shang)來。

4.優化管理(li)考(kao)核(he)制度(du)。華安保險公(gong)司要(yao)想在激烈的(de)(de)市場競爭之中脫穎而(er)出就必須(xu)要(yao)建立一套公(gong)平(ping)、公(gong)正(zheng)的(de)(de)并且(qie)具有很強操作(zuo)性的(de)(de)考(kao)核(he)制度(du),可以將員工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)資與自身績效(xiao)相結(jie)合(he)來提高員工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)積(ji)極性和(he)整(zheng)個理(li)賠隊伍的(de)(de)素質。

參考文獻:

[1]李謙之.我國機動車輛保(bao)險理賠服務問題研究(jiu)[D].廣西大學碩士學位(wei)論文,2015.5

[2]侯建華(hua).華(hua)安(an)財產保險股份有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司車輛理賠流程優化研(yan)究(jiu)[D].吉(ji)林大學(xue)碩(shuo)士學(xue)位論文,2013.5

篇5

轉型期財產保險業存在(zai)的風險

(一)誠信風險

一是(shi)個(ge)別保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)部分從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)員只講(jiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責任(ren)和(he)(he)(he)范(fan)圍,不(bu)(bu)(bu)講(jiang)責任(ren)免除投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時對客(ke)戶欺(qi)瞞哄騙,出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后推(tui)諉和(he)(he)(he)扯皮,導致“投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易,理賠(pei)難”的(de)(de)(de)現象時有(you)發生。二(er)是(shi)個(ge)別保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)員不(bu)(bu)(bu)遵守(shou)職業(ye)操守(shou),肆意貶(bian)低(di)和(he)(he)(he)詆毀同行,從(cong)而導致兩(liang)敗俱傷(shang)并自(zi)食其果的(de)(de)(de)囚徒(tu)困(kun)境。三是(shi)個(ge)別保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司條款(kuan)晦澀或模(mo)糊不(bu)(bu)(bu)清,甚(shen)至暗(an)藏(zang)陷阱,而從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)員在推(tui)薦(jian)和(he)(he)(he)介紹保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條款(kuan)時沒有(you)履行明確說明義務(wu),從(cong)而使被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)益受到損害,引起保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)消費者的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。四(si)是(shi)個(ge)別保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分支機(ji)構(gou)(gou)在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)招投(tou)標時提出(chu)一些(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)符合價值規律和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)承諾,事后服(fu)務(wu)和(he)(he)(he)理賠(pei)卻大(da)打(da)折扣。五(wu)是(shi)個(ge)別保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)消費者投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時不(bu)(bu)(bu)履行如實(shi)(shi)告知義務(wu),隱瞞客(ke)觀存在的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)后人(ren)為制造或擴大(da)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事故,騙取(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)款(kuan),存在一定的(de)(de)(de)道德(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

(二)承保風險

一(yi)是(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)逆向選擇(ze)和(he)(he)道德風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),主要表現(xian)為(wei)選擇(ze)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)財產不足(zu)額投保(bao)(bao),財務(wu)管(guan)理(li)混亂,各類賬冊(ce)不全,出險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)很難判斷出險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)財產是(shi)否屬于保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)。二是(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)機構不顧風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),不計成(cheng)(cheng)本地接受(shou)違背(bei)價(jia)值規(gui)律的(de)(de)(de)極低費(fei)率(lv)和(he)(he)承擔過寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責任范(fan)圍,存在(zai)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)定價(jia)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。三是(shi)由于國內財產保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)惡性競爭,多數大(da)項目(mu)(mu)大(da)工程和(he)(he)特殊風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)率(lv)僅(jin)僅(jin)只有國際市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)1/2到1/3,導致無(wu)法(fa)在(zai)國際再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)上進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao),存在(zai)超(chao)出自身承保(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。四(si)是(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)支機構存在(zai)重業務(wu)規(gui)模(mo)擴張輕管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)效(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)傾向,個別(bie)負責人(ren)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)“位子(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)票子(zi)(zi)”追求任期(qi)內業務(wu)實績,部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)業務(wu)外勤始終受(shou)以(yi)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)論英雄的(de)(de)(de)習慣思維(wei)和(he)(he)以(yi)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)提(ti)費(fei)用和(he)(he)利益驅動,承保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)業務(wu)質量(liang)差、風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)。五(wu)是(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)往(wang)往(wang)靠博弈和(he)(he)運氣經營(ying),對(dui)承保(bao)(bao)業務(wu)缺乏(fa)較強的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)識別(bie)能力(li)(li)、精確的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析水平以(yi)及量(liang)化的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評估標(biao)準。六是(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)最高決(jue)策層對(dui)把防范(fan)化解(jie)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)作為(wei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業發(fa)展(zhan)生命線的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念認識不足(zu),經營(ying)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)、考核機制和(he)(he)對(dui)策措施(shi)搖擺不定,業務(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)慢時強調加快發(fa)展(zhan),虧損時強調提(ti)高效(xiao)益,致使(shi)基(ji)層無(wu)所適從(cong)。七是(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)缺乏(fa)以(yi)效(xiao)益為(wei)核心(xin)指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)核保(bao)(bao)機制和(he)(he)實務(wu)操作規(gui)程,長期(qi)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)群體效(xiao)應和(he)(he)習慣勢力(li)(li)嚴(yan)重影響承保(bao)(bao)質量(liang)。八是(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有價(jia)單(dan)(dan)證風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),個別(bie)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)支機構鉆出險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)數法(fa)則的(de)(de)(de)空子(zi)(zi),采用出險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)再將該單(dan)(dan)證人(ren)賬的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法(fa),通過吃單(dan)(dan)埋單(dan)(dan),達(da)到侵(qin)吞保(bao)(bao)費(fei)移(yi)作他用的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de),甚(shen)至還有極個別(bie)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)支機構和(he)(he)業務(wu)外勤私(si)自印(yin)刷有價(jia)單(dan)(dan)證進行(xing)銷售。

(三)理賠風險

一(yi)(yi)是(shi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)核保(bao)(bao)形同虛設,嚴重不匹配的(de)(de)(de)過低費(fei)率與過寬(kuan)責任會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),許(xu)(xu)多(duo)不該(gai)賠(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)責任也不得(de)不賠(pei)(pei)。二是(shi)隨(sui)著財(cai)產(chan)私有(you)(you)(you)化進程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)加快,個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)夸大(da)(da)、虛構和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)制造(zao)(zao)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事故(gu)(gu)進行騙(pian)賠(pei)(pei),甚(shen)至(zhi)還有(you)(you)(you)極(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)人(ren)(ren)員參(can)與和(he)(he)教唆被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)騙(pian)賠(pei)(pei),騙(pian)賠(pei)(pei)案(an)件數量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)金額都呈現出(chu)快速上(shang)升的(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)。三是(shi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)定(ding)損(sun)人(ren)(ren)員力量(liang)(liang)薄(bo)弱,素(su)質(zhi)不高,查勘(kan)定(ding)損(sun)不準確(que)、不合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),既存在(zai)惜賠(pei)(pei),更(geng)存在(zai)濫賠(pei)(pei)。四是(shi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不到(dao)位,“跑(pao)、冒、滴、漏”所(suo)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)較(jiao)大(da)(da),甚(shen)至(zhi)為(wei)完(wan)成(cheng)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)任務一(yi)(yi)面進保(bao)(bao)費(fei),一(yi)(yi)面編(bian)造(zao)(zao)假賠(pei)(pei)案(an)或(huo)(huo)簽訂違(wei)反保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監管規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)額返還協議,從而造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)虛假保(bao)(bao)費(fei)和(he)(he)賠(pei)(pei)款。五是(shi)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)保(bao)(bao)額大(da)(da)和(he)(he)所(suo)繳(jiao)納保(bao)(bao)費(fei)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)保(bao)(bao)戶以(yi)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)小(xiao)事故(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)損(sun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)權(quan)要(yao)挾保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)。六是(shi)經(jing)保(bao)(bao)監會審(shen)批(pi)開業的(de)(de)(de)社會化定(ding)損(sun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)機(ji)構保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公估公司(si)較(jiao)少,人(ren)(ren)員素(su)質(zhi)參(can)差不齊(qi)、收(shou)費(fei)昂貴(gui)、權(quan)威性不強。七是(shi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)支機(ji)構和(he)(he)被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)防災防損(sun)意識均較(jiao)淡薄(bo)。八是(shi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)支機(ji)構內部的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不規(gui)范,有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)為(wei)逃(tao)避上(shang)級機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)(pei)審(shen)批(pi),大(da)(da)案(an)化小(xiao)、一(yi)(yi)案(an)多(duo)做的(de)(de)(de)現象時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)發生。有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)為(wei)能在(zai)再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)攤回(hui)賠(pei)(pei)款,人(ren)(ren)為(wei)地把發生在(zai)沒有(you)(you)(you)再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)安排的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)大(da)(da)損(sun)失(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事故(gu)(gu)移(yi)到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)上(shang),或(huo)(huo)者把平(ping)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)小(xiao)賠(pei)(pei)案(an)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)大(da)(da)災上(shang)一(yi)(yi)并處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等。九是(shi)極(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)基(ji)層(ceng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)支機(ji)構通(tong)過編(bian)造(zao)(zao)虛假賠(pei)(pei)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段非法套取資金私設“小(xiao)金庫”,牟取個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)或(huo)(huo)小(xiao)團(tuan)體利益,其方法和(he)(he)手(shou)段愈(yu)來愈(yu)隱蔽(bi)。

(四)財務風險

一(yi)是準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)計(ji)提(ti)(ti)嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)保險(xian)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)沒有(you)(you)按照規定(ding)和精(jing)算(suan)要求計(ji)提(ti)(ti)和提(ti)(ti)足未到期責(ze)任準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)和未決(jue)賠款準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin),特別是未決(jue)賠款準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)提(ti)(ti)嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)(bu)足,現金(jin)(jin)流(liu)周轉困難。個別保險(xian)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)年(nian)底時為完成(cheng)利(li)潤指標人為扣壓大量賠款,并按照虛贏實虧的(de)(de)(de)虛假(jia)利(li)潤進行納稅,牟(mou)取個人或小團體(ti)利(li)益,導(dao)致經營上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)惡(e)性循環和償(chang)付(fu)危機(ji)(ji)(ji)。二是應(ying)收保費(fei)(fei)(fei)風險(xian),沒有(you)(you)按照規定(ding)對賬齡較長的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)收保費(fei)(fei)(fei)提(ti)(ti)足壞賬準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)。應(ying)收保費(fei)(fei)(fei)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因主(zhu)要是個別客(ke)戶違背(bei)誠信原(yuan)則投保后(hou)不(bu)(bu)出險(xian)不(bu)(bu)繳費(fei)(fei)(fei);其次(ci)控(kong)制應(ying)收保費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)未能(neng)得到貫徹落(luo)實;再次(ci)是為應(ying)付(fu)惡(e)性競(jing)爭,人為采用(yong)掛應(ying)收保費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)辦法支(zhi)付(fu)高(gao)額費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)。三(san)是財(cai)(cai)務(wu)管理(li)風險(xian)。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)管理(li)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan),費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超支(zhi),手續費(fei)(fei)(fei)和費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)使用(yong)不(bu)(bu)規范,人為調節和篡改(gai)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)核算(suan)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)時常發(fa)生(sheng)。甚(shen)至還有(you)(you)極個別分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)私設(she)“小金(jin)(jin)庫”,搞(gao)賬外經營和做假(jia)賬,嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響經營穩定(ding)。

(五)法律風險

一是由于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)發展迅速,致使《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》內容和(he)(he)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)處于(yu)(yu)滯后(hou)狀(zhuang)態(tai),與現(xian)實(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展不相適應,導致保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)開展業(ye)務(wu)面臨許多(duo)不確定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)因素。二(er)是由于(yu)(yu)《最(zui)高人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)審(shen)理保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)糾紛案件(jian)若干(gan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)解釋》遲(chi)遲(chi)不出(chu)(chu)臺,各(ge)地各(ge)級法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)紛紛出(chu)(chu)臺以審(shen)判委員會會議紀要為(wei)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)所謂地方“司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解釋”,任(ren)意曲解和(he)(he)擴展《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》等(deng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律,造成事實(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)混亂和(he)(he)地方割據,侵犯了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)益。三是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)管機構與政(zheng)府有關(guan)部(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)章不協調不統一,政(zheng)出(chu)(chu)多(duo)門(men)。如(ru)財政(zheng)部(bu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)8%手(shou)續費問(wen)(wen)(wen)題、工(gong)(gong)商(shang)管理部(bu)門(men)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)營(ying)銷員營(ying)業(ye)執照問(wen)(wen)(wen)題、稅務(wu)部(bu)門(men)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)營(ying)銷員納稅基(ji)數問(wen)(wen)(wen)題、工(gong)(gong)商(shang)管理部(bu)門(men)以《反不正當競爭法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》為(wei)依(yi)據對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)干(gan)預(yu)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題等(deng)。四(si)是財產保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)定(ding)(ding)損理賠權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)和(he)(he)合(he)理性(xing)面臨法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律不支持的(de)(de)(de)嚴峻(jun)后(hou)果,法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)往往以保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)自(zi)行定(ding)(ding)損缺(que)乏權(quan)威性(xing)為(wei)依(yi)據,判保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)敗訴(su)(su),致使部(bu)分地方的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)已陷人(ren)大量訴(su)(su)訟的(de)(de)(de)泥潭。五是部(bu)分法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)往往以保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)沒有完全履(lv)行對條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)確說(shuo)明(ming)義務(wu)和(he)(he)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)顯(xian)失(shi)公平以及《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)在有爭議時必須作出(chu)(chu)有利于(yu)(yu)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)解釋為(wei)依(yi)據,判保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)敗訴(su)(su)和(he)(he)部(bu)分敗訴(su)(su),形(xing)成事實(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)誰起訴(su)(su)誰得(de)益的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況。

(六)內(nei)控機制風險(xian)

部分保險(xian)公(gong)司(si)總分支機構職責界定不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清,統一法人和(he)(he)授權經營制度執行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)力(li)(li),各類規章制度貫徹執行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)位,流程管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴,精算(suan)技(ji)術(shu)滯后,風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)手(shou)段不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)強(qiang)。內部審(shen)計稽核(he)體(ti)(ti)系缺(que)乏(fa)獨立性(xing)和(he)(he)權威性(xing),審(shen)計稽核(he)力(li)(li)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da),處(chu)罰不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴,風(feng)險(xian)預(yu)警機制尚(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全,風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)體(ti)(ti)制存在(zai)嚴重的薄弱(ruo)環節。

(七)監管風險

保(bao)險監(jian)(jian)管的(de)機構和(he)(he)(he)體系尚(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)完善,力(li)量薄弱,以償付能(neng)(neng)力(li)為核心的(de)監(jian)(jian)管目(mu)標缺(que)(que)乏(fa)應有的(de)實施手(shou)段和(he)(he)(he)完備的(de)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)能(neng)(neng)力(li),在費率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)款市場化(hua)后缺(que)(que)乏(fa)強有力(li)的(de)跟進(jin)措施,特別是缺(que)(que)乏(fa)系統的(de)財產純損失率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)危險單位(wei)劃分標準(zhun);目(mu)前保(bao)險監(jian)(jian)管的(de)理(li)念、方式(shi)、手(shou)段與(yu)快速(su)發展的(de)保(bao)險業,特別是混業經營顯得有些滯后和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)相適也保(bao)險監(jian)(jian)管機構與(yu)司法機關和(he)(he)(he)政(zheng)府有關部門的(de)協調還不(bu)(bu)夠,造成政(zheng)府各部門對(dui)保(bao)險業管理(li)的(de)規章制度尚(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)配套(tao)和(he)(he)(he)銜(xian)撓監(jian)(jian)管機構在服(fu)務水平和(he)(he)(he)為保(bao)險業創造和(he)(he)(he)諧環(huan)境的(de)工(gong)作上尚(shang)(shang)(shang)有差距,國家有關主(zhu)管部門和(he)(he)(he)地方政(zheng)府對(dui)許(xu)多輔助社會(hui)管理(li)的(de)責任(ren)險支持和(he)(he)(he)引導不(bu)(bu)力(li)。

(八)人才風險

在保險(xian)市場規(gui)模不斷擴大,業(ye)務量快速增長和市場主體急劇增加的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下,行(xing)業(ye)內部(bu)人(ren)(ren)才匱(kui)乏的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)日趨嚴重,尤其是缺乏有(you)保險(xian)實踐經驗的(de)高(gao)級經營管理人(ren)(ren)才,保險(xian)精算、工程技(ji)術(shu)、計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)、醫療、法(fa)律和外語專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才奇缺,崗位(wei)供(gong)需失衡加劇了業(ye)內較高(gao)頻率的(de)人(ren)(ren)才流動。新成立的(de)保險(xian)分支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構用高(gao)職(zhi)位(wei)或(huo)高(gao)收人(ren)(ren)為條件挖角現(xian)象(xiang)頻繁發生,個(ge)(ge)別分支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)構負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)帶領整個(ge)(ge)團隊集體跳槽的(de)事(shi)件時有(you)發生,嚴重侵犯了原有(you)保險(xian)公司(si)利(li)益。

(九)產品風險

目(mu)前(qian)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品雷同,結(jie)構單(dan)一,同構率高(gao)達90%以上。各家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)老產(chan)(chan)(chan)品在(zai)業界(jie)和(he)(he)學界(jie)看來僅(jin)僅(jin)是取名不同而已,差異化程度很小。目(mu)前(qian),沒有形成保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品開發和(he)(he)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)制,因而保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司(si)缺乏創新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)動力。部分(fen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司(si)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品開發上沒有兼顧廣(guang)(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)利益,體現保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品少(shao)(shao),有個性(xing)和(he)(he)針(zhen)對性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品少(shao)(shao),分(fen)紅(hong)和(he)(he)儲(chu)蓄性(xing)質的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品多(duo),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)得到的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障卻不全面。為農(nong)業服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)涉(she)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)輔(fu)助社會(hui)(hui)管理的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)險(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品開發推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)嚴重滯后,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障程度不高(gao),難以滿足經濟社會(hui)(hui)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)城鄉居民對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)需求。

(十)展業方式和費用風險

一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)為(wei)了(le)(le)招攬(lan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),往(wang)往(wang)采用(yong)違規退費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)掛(gua)應收(shou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等方式爭(zheng)搶(qiang)份額(e),支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付超(chao)過國家規定標準(zhun)和(he)(he)自身承受(shou)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高額(e)傭金(jin)和(he)(he)手續(xu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。在(zai)占整個(ge)(ge)財產險(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)60%左(zuo)(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車險(xian)(xian)(xian)處于全行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)虧損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia),個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)不得不通過支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付給(gei)新(xin)車銷(xiao)(xiao)售商高達(da)30%左(zuo)(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手續(xu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)來爭(zheng)搶(qiang)越做(zuo)越虧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)車保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)制”。第(di)一(yi)(yi)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)正式員(yuan)工(gong)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)展(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(直銷(xiao)(xiao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)),給(gei)予5%左(zuo)(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資和(he)(he)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)實際承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)和(he)(he)工(gong)資等展(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成本遠超(chao)過此數);第(di)二軌(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)受(shou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(營銷(xiao)(xiao)員(yuan))業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(營銷(xiao)(xiao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)),給(gei)予15%左(zuo)(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入和(he)(he)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong);第(di)三(san)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)受(shou)兼業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)構(gou)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和(he)(he)經(jing)紀(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)),大約支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付20—40%左(zuo)(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)和(he)(he)傭金(jin),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至更高。這一(yi)(yi)奇特現象日趨嚴重,展(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)買單賣單現象比較普遍,并(bing)在(zai)各(ge)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)間(jian)討價還價,在(zai)搞亂展(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)思想和(he)(he)行為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi),迫使展(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)水(shui)平居高不下(xia),嚴重沖擊了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)經(jing)營基(ji)礎。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)極個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)甚至正在(zai)向破壞保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資源(yuan)和(he)(he)違法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)四(si)軌(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(極個(ge)(ge)別(bie)(bie)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)構(gou)在(zai)確(que)定承保(bao)(bao)(bao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低基(ji)準(zhun)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)率(lv)后,計算出投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)應繳(jiao)納的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),超(chao)過最(zui)(zui)低保(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余部分(fen)全部返還給(gei)握有(you)該(gai)(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)或資源(yuan)掌(zhang)控權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)經(jing)辦該(gai)(gai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)私分(fen))展(zhan)來方向發展(zhan),動(dong)搖(yao)了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。

(十一)資(zi)金運用風(feng)險

我國保險(xian)資金(jin)運(yun)用渠(qu)道(dao)雖然在不(bu)斷拓(tuo)寬,也可以限比例地直(zhi)接投資股票市場和境外運(yun)用,但由(you)于國內資本市場尚不(bu)完(wan)善和保險(xian)人的(de)資產(chan)負債(zhai)結構不(bu)匹配,無法滿(man)足資金(jin)運(yun)用的(de)需要,從而形成投資風險(xian)。

(十二)數據失真風險

受粗放式(shi)經(jing)(jing)營管理(li)的(de)影響和(he)(he)計算機管理(li)覆蓋面不寬的(de)制約,大量基礎(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)積(ji)累不全面、不系統、不規范。由(you)于市場(chang)惡性競爭(zheng)條(tiao)件下的(de)違規退費等現象存(cun)在和(he)(he)考(kao)核激勵機制的(de)不完(wan)善,人為(wei)調節和(he)(he)篡改經(jing)(jing)營數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)現象時常發生,導(dao)致數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)分(fen)析失真,嚴重影響精算定(ding)價(jia)、風(feng)險評估和(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)營決策。

化解財產保險(xian)業風險(xian)的對(dui)策

(一)完善保險(xian)公(gong)司治理機制

完善保險公司治理機制,嚴格設(she)(she)定內(nei)設(she)(she)組織(zhi)機構的職(zhi)(zhi)責邊界和議決(jue)事(shi)議程;建(jian)立規范(fan)的董事(shi)會(hui)(hui)制度(du),外(wai)聘一(yi)定比(bi)例的非(fei)執(zhi)行(xing)董事(shi),并在董事(shi)會(hui)(hui)內(nei)部建(jian)立起效率評(ping)價和責任追究(jiu)制度(du);要提高(gao)經營管(guan)理層專業化(hua)、科學化(hua)和規范(fan)化(hua)的管(guan)理水平i強化(hua)監(jian)事(shi)會(hui)(hui)職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng),發揮其監(jian)督(du)作用,確保董事(shi)會(hui)(hui)戰(zhan)略決(jue)策落到實處。

(二)強化風險管控機制

要(yao)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)內部(bu)成(cheng)立(li)(li)直屬(shu)董事(shi)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui),必要(yao)時從(cong)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)對(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)重大(da)決策行使(shi)否決權(quan)(quan)。同(tong)時要(yao)健全并發揮風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),廣泛運用(yong)(yong)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)量化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指標(biao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)技術標(biao)準,增強(qiang)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)。要(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)落實統一(yi)法人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)授權(quan)(quan)經(jing)營(ying)制(zhi)度(du),明晰界定(ding)(ding)總(zong)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)權(quan)(quan)利,通過現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)手(shou)段(duan),建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)預(yu)警機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi),防(fang)范(fan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)解極個別基(ji)層負責(ze)人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)員(yuan)工為追求(qiu)個人(ren)利益而給(gei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)經(jing)營(ying)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)風(feng)險(xian)。要(yao)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)內部(bu)加快(kuai)推進(jin)(jin)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、扁平化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、專業化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)垂直化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)體系(xi)(xi),全面實施(shi)垂直獨立(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)具有權(quan)(quan)威性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩核(he)”(核(he)保(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)核(he)賠)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)體系(xi)(xi),防(fang)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)解“兩核(he)”風(feng)險(xian)。要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)總(zong)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)各類(lei)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激勵約(yue)束和(he)(he)(he)(he)市場化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)人(ren)力資(zi)源管(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi),建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)按需設崗、以崗定(ding)(ding)薪、崗變(bian)薪變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)且保(bao)(bao)持相對(dui)(dui)穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激勵機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。同(tong)時還要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)擇優(you)任用(yong)(yong),優(you)勝劣(lie)汰(tai),能(neng)上能(neng)下,能(neng)進(jin)(jin)能(neng)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)制(zhi)度(du),疏通人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)口關(guan)。要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)總(zong)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)各類(lei)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)后責(ze)任追究機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi),負責(ze)人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)關(guan)鍵崗位人(ren)員(yuan)異地交流(liu)或換(huan)崗前(qian),一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離任審(shen)計,對(dui)(dui)發現(xian)(xian)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)除取消交流(liu)換(huan)崗資(zi)格(ge)外(wai),必須給(gei)予嚴(yan)厲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行政和(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)濟處罰。要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)總(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)垂直領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)審(shen)計稽核(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)體制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou),通過內部(bu)嚴(yan)格(ge)審(shen)計稽核(he)起到對(dui)(dui)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控(kong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)監督約(yue)束。從(cong)體制(zhi)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)上迅(xun)速解決財產(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)業目前(qian)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)率”(極低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)率、高賠付(fu)率、高手(shou)續費(fei)率、高成(cheng)本費(fei)用(yong)(yong)率、高應收保(bao)(bao)費(fei)率)問題(ti),把“五(wu)率”控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)合理(li)(li)水平。新成(cheng)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)總(zong)部(bu)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對(dui)(dui)所轄(xia)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li),盡快(kuai)堵(du)塞新公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)管(guan)理(li)(li)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏洞,從(cong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)上防(fang)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)解新財產(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)第(di)一(yi)年擴(kuo)張、第(di)二(er)年微虧、第(di)三(san)(san)年巨(ju)虧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所謂“三(san)(san)年現(xian)(xian)象”。

(三)轉變(bian)監(jian)管職能

在目前(qian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體系(xi)、規(gui)章制(zhi)度和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障基(ji)金(jin)已初步建(jian)(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上,必須(xu)充(chong)分發揮(hui)市場(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),按市場(chang)(chang)規(gui)律(lv)辦事(shi)。同時(shi)建(jian)(jian)議保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)實現(xian)(xian)五個轉變(bian)(bian)。一(yi)是要從市場(chang)(chang)行(xing)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)以(yi)資(zi)本充(chong)足率(lv)、資(zi)產(chan)質量、盈利能力、流動(dong)性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)為(wei)核(he)心指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)償(chang)(chang)付能力監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),盡快(kuai)公布全(quan)(quan)面系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)純損失率(lv)和(he)(he)危險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)單位(wei)劃分標準,用(yong)科學和(he)(he)精算的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)手段(duan),遏制(zhi)財(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)惡性(xing)(xing)競爭。二是要從監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)員到現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)通(tong)過運用(yong)計算機(ji)(ji)非現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是要從查處(chu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)個別分支機(ji)(ji)構(gou)和(he)(he)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)違法違規(gui)事(shi)件逐(zhu)步轉變(bian)(bian)到建(jian)(jian)立保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)(chang)規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)處(chu)罰機(ji)(ji)制(zhi),運用(yong)經濟、法律(lv)和(he)(he)行(xing)政等(deng)(deng)多種(zhong)手段(duan)對保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)整體進行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),防止保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)大起大落。四(si)是要從內部(bu)操作(zuo)式(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)公開(kai)透(tou)明的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法手段(duan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。通(tong)過定(ding)期召(zhao)開(kai)新聞會(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)在政府白皮書等(deng)(deng)媒體上公開(kai)披(pi)露監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)狀況,對償(chang)(chang)付能力不足的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)提出公開(kai)警(jing)示,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)信息披(pi)露的(de)(de)(de)及時(shi)性(xing)(xing)、真實性(xing)(xing)、權威性(xing)(xing)。五是要從單純狹隘(ai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)(chang)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)服務和(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)并舉,充(chong)分發揮(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)會(hui)(hui)作(zuo)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)樞(shu)紐(niu)和(he)(he)橋(qiao)梁作(zuo)用(yong),強化與(yu)國家勞動(dong)和(he)(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障部(bu)、財(cai)政部(bu)、最高人(ren)民(min)法院、最高人(ren)民(min)檢察(cha)院、公安(an)部(bu)、國資(zi)委(wei)、國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理總局、中(zhong)國人(ren)民(min)銀行(xing)、銀監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)會(hui)(hui)、證監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)會(hui)(hui)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)和(he)(he)推進,為(wei)建(jian)(jian)立構(gou)建(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)諧的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障體系(xi),充(chong)分發揮(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經濟補償(chang)(chang)、資(zi)金(jin)融通(tong)和(he)(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理三大功(gong)能作(zuo)用(yong),以(yi)長遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)眼光謀(mou)劃保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業的(de)(de)(de)發展。

(四)建立誠(cheng)實可信的文化理(li)念(nian)

守信文化理(li)念和(he)道德準則的(de)(de)(de)形成能夠大大降低采取其(qi)他市場(chang)治理(li)方式的(de)(de)(de)制度成本。保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)、保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中介(jie)和(he)被保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)三(san)方要建(jian)立(li)相(xiang)互信任的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧關系。特別是保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)經營活動一定要以(yi)信用為(wei)基礎,以(yi)法律和(he)監管機構(gou)(gou)制定規(gui)章以(yi)及保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司制定的(de)(de)(de)條款為(wei)承諾的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障,把培養和(he)增(zeng)加社會的(de)(de)(de)誠信意識(shi)作為(wei)企(qi)業文化的(de)(de)(de)主要任務,帶頭規(gui)范保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang),帶動與(yu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)有關的(de)(de)(de)三(san)方人(ren)共同構(gou)(gou)建(jian)和(he)維護好誠信的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧社會。

(五)理性對待,正(zheng)確引(yin)導

保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)人(ren)才流動(dong)應提倡(chang)遵循(xun)“有效(xiao)、有序、有值”的(de)原則進行(xing)。一是保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司要(yao)制(zhi)定人(ren)才發展的(de)全面(mian)規劃,建(jian)立(li)多層次、多渠道、多形(xing)式的(de)內部(bu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)外部(bu)引進人(ren)才的(de)培養、選(xuan)拔(ba)和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)的(de)機(ji)制(zhi),營造奮發學習和(he)(he)(he)和(he)(he)(he)諧向上的(de)環(huan)境(jing),使干部(bu)能(neng)在其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)、謀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政、成其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事,員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工能(neng)盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)力、負其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)責、得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所,用(yong)具有品(pin)德和(he)(he)(he)技術等(deng)綜(zong)合素質高的(de)干部(bu)和(he)(he)(he)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司戰略(lve)目標的(de)實現。二是保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)監管機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)業(ye)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)要(yao)正確(que)引導業(ye)內人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)流動(dong),要(yao)從維護保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)市場(chang)正常(chang)秩序出發,防止和(he)(he)(he)化解因人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)盲目流動(dong)造成的(de)對(dui)原從業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司正常(chang)經營的(de)影響(xiang)以及損害客(ke)戶利益和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)業(ye)形(xing)象的(de)事件發生,保(bao)(bao)(bao)持保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)全面(mian)協(xie)調和(he)(he)(he)可(ke)持續發展。三是保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)監管機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)業(ye)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)要(yao)建(jian)立(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)從業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資格(ge)考試(shi)和(he)(he)(he)準入制(zhi)度,建(jian)立(li)與國際接(jie)軌的(de)中國保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)考試(shi)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou),全面(mian)實施(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)從業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)專業(ye)化和(he)(he)(he)分層次崗(gang)位(wei)資格(ge)考試(shi)和(he)(he)(he)認證制(zhi)度,提高保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)從業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)綜(zong)合素質并(bing)力求做到各類人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)均持證上崗(gang)。

(六)創新產品,提升服務

創新(xin)產(chan)品是貫(guan)徹和(he)(he)落實(shi)科學發展(zhan)觀的(de)(de)關鍵,是保險(xian)業(ye)更快更好發展(zhan)的(de)(de)前(qian)提條件(jian)。當前(qian)必須把產(chan)品創新(xin)擺(bai)在(zai)更加突出的(de)(de)位置,在(zai)責任險(xian)、農業(ye)保險(xian)、健康保險(xian)、民營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)保險(xian)和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)年金(jin)等(deng)方面實(shi)現產(chan)品的(de)(de)創新(xin)和(he)(he)轉型(xing)換代,同時實(shi)施對新(xin)產(chan)品的(de)(de)知識產(chan)權保護,確(que)保新(xin)產(chan)品開(kai)發者的(de)(de)正當權益。

客(ke)戶買保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)實(shi)質是買保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司的(de)(de)承(cheng)諾和(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu),因(yin)此必(bi)須把(ba)承(cheng)諾和(he)(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)作為(wei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司立(li)(li)業之本和(he)(he)誠信之源。一(yi)是要全(quan)(quan)面(mian)落實(shi)自(zi)己制定(ding)的(de)(de)確服(fu)務(wu)(wu)承(cheng)諾,并由保(bao)(bao)險(xian)監管(guan)機構(gou)和(he)(he)行業協會制定(ding)不遵守服(fu)務(wu)(wu)承(cheng)諾的(de)(de)處罰細則,讓(rang)失信者(zhe)既損(sun)失業務(wu)(wu)更損(sun)失形象。二是要在(zai)地市級分(fen)支機構(gou)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)由當地知名技術專家(jia)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)委員會,在(zai)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)前進行風險(xian)評估(gu),承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)后指導防(fang)災防(fang)損(sun),出險(xian)后作技術鑒定(ding),為(wei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司經營的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)流程(cheng)提供高層次的(de)(de)技術指導和(he)(he)支撐,達到防(fang)范(fan)風險(xian),減少事故發生頻率和(he)(he)損(sun)失程(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。三(san)是要建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)與(yu)政府安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)主管(guan)部門、氣象和(he)(he)水文部門、公安(an)消防(fang)和(he)(he)交警等部門密切(qie)聯系的(de)(de)防(fang)災工(gong)作網絡,研討和(he)(he)探索(suo)防(fang)災工(gong)作的(de)(de)新途徑,整合資源,共同做好防(fang)災防(fang)損(sun)工(gong)作。

篇6

但近幾年來,大部分財(cai)(cai)產保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司的企(qi)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)規(gui)模增長(chang)緩慢,與我國(guo)目前經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展增速極不(bu)匹配,有(you)些(xie)公司的企(qi)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)甚至呈負增長(chang)的萎縮態勢,經(jing)營效益(yi)也不(bu)甚理想(xiang)。企(qi)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)業務是(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)產保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司的傳統門面險(xian)種,是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)業服(fu)務社(she)會(hui)(hui)、保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)社(she)會(hui)(hui)的重要手(shou)段。面對社(she)會(hui)(hui)經(jing)濟(ji)蓬(peng)勃發(fa)展的新形(xing)勢,在(zai)當前日益(yi)激烈的市場競爭中(zhong),如(ru)何實(shi)現(xian)企(qi)財(cai)(cai)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)規(gui)模和經(jing)營效益(yi)的大發(fa)展?我想(xiang)從以下(xia)幾個(ge)方面談一下(xia)個(ge)人觀點。

一、抓大(da)不應放小,抓大(da)的(de)同時也(ye)要積極發展中小企業客戶

大(da)型企業(ye)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)規模大(da),管理(li)水平高,風險(xian)(xian)小(xiao)(xiao),鑒于大(da)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)對保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)完成(cheng)(cheng)經營指標的(de)(de)重要性,各(ge)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)對大(da)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)可謂(wei)關懷備至,如:組(zu)建由(you)營銷、承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)、理(li)賠(pei)、再保(bao)(bao)等各(ge)類專業(ye)人(ren)才組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)大(da)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)服(fu)務團隊(dui),由(you)專人(ren)為其提(ti)供(gong)(gong)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)服(fu)務;為客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)量身定做更適合(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)方案;提(ti)供(gong)(gong)優(you)惠的(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)率;設立大(da)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速理(li)賠(pei)通道等等,總之,為爭奪和留住大(da)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu),各(ge)公(gong)司(si)可謂(wei)費(fei)盡心機(ji),由(you)此也帶來展(zhan)(zhan)業(ye)、維護成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)大(da)幅上(shang)升(sheng)。另一方面,對中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu),尤其是數量眾多的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu),基(ji)于風險(xian)(xian)管控(kong)的(de)(de)考慮(lv),各(ge)公(gong)司(si)對其大(da)多采取(qu)限制(zhi)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)政策,盡管在一定程度上(shang)控(kong)制(zhi)了承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)風險(xian)(xian),但從長遠看,限制(zhi)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)企財險(xian)(xian)未必確實有利(li)于保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

我國(guo)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)數目眾多(duo),從所屬行業(ye)看(kan)(kan),大(da)多(duo)集中(zhong)在(zai)服(fu)裝(zhuang)、化工、塑(su)料制(zhi)品等風險(xian)(xian)(xian)較高(gao)行業(ye)。從企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)性(xing)質看(kan)(kan),小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)主(zhu)要以民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。從保(bao)(bao)費(fei)規模(mo)看(kan)(kan),小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)規模(mo)通(tong)常保(bao)(bao)額(e)在(zai)500萬元(yuan)(yuan)以下,以基(ji)本險(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)例,費(fei)率在(zai)萬分(fen)之(zhi)五到(dao)千(qian)分(fen)之(zhi)一之(zhi)間,保(bao)(bao)費(fei)一般為(wei)(wei)幾(ji)(ji)(ji)百元(yuan)(yuan)至幾(ji)(ji)(ji)千(qian)元(yuan)(yuan)。目前(qian),我國(guo)已進入十二五建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)階(jie)段,國(guo)家(jia)為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供了更為(wei)(wei)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間。忽視這類客戶(hu),無(wu)疑是在(zai)將有(you)(you)巨大(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)潛力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場拱手讓人。據中(zhong)國(guo)保(bao)(bao)監會(hui)在(zai)廣東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項調查,各保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標客戶(hu)幾(ji)(ji)(ji)乎都(dou)是大(da)型、特大(da)型企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye),諸多(duo)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司在(zai)這個狹窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場上打得幾(ji)(ji)(ji)乎不可(ke)(ke)開交(jiao),對(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)卻(que)少有(you)(you)主(zhu)動關注。由于(yu)尚(shang)未(wei)(wei)得到(dao)充分(fen)重視,小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)營(ying)銷門檻低,成功率相對(dui)較高(gao)。而且,若以發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光看(kan)(kan)待這些(xie)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye),它們未(wei)(wei)必全是高(gao)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雞肋業(ye)務(wu),不可(ke)(ke)否(fou)認,其中(zhong)一些(xie)素質高(gao)、管理好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)未(wei)(wei)來將會(hui)擁有(you)(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)空間。現在(zai)與它們保(bao)(bao)持聯系,等于(yu)是為(wei)(wei)我們爭取日后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)客戶(hu)搶先打好了基(ji)礎,為(wei)(wei)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供了有(you)(you)力保(bao)(bao)證。綜上可(ke)(ke)以看(kan)(kan)出: 小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)客戶(hu)市(shi)(shi)場尚(shang)未(wei)(wei)充分(fen)開發(fa)(fa)(fa),營(ying)銷成本較低,是我們可(ke)(ke)以充分(fen)挖掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)險(xian)(xian)(xian)源(yuan)之(zhi)一。

二、不(bu)盲目降低費率,在(zai)采取靈活的(de)(de)承保政(zheng)策基礎上貼近(jin)市場費率,在(zai)產(chan)品的(de)(de)靈活性上做文章

近幾年來(lai),企財(cai)險(xian)市場竟爭激(ji)烈,費(fei)率連年下(xia)降,低費(fei)率加大了保險(xian)公司的風險(xian),因(yin)此,在承(cheng)保中應注意在其他承(cheng)保條件上(shang)下(xia)功(gong)夫,靈活(huo)運用提高免賠、限制責任、設定每次賠償(chang)上(shang)限等杠桿來(lai)降低承(cheng)保風險(xian)。

強(qiang)化保(bao)險(xian)公司(si)非價格競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢,從“價格引誘”的(de)錯(cuo)誤競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)辦法中擺脫出來,樹立以“技術取(qu)勝、質量(liang)取(qu)勝、服(fu)務取(qu)勝”的(de)新的(de)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)觀;通過提(ti)(ti)高服(fu)務效率,豐富服(fu)務內(nei)涵,提(ti)(ti)升服(fu)務品(pin)質,構建(jian)保(bao)險(xian)公司(si)整體競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢,帶動企財險(xian)業務的(de)進一步發(fa)展。

三(san)、加強承保后的(de)防災(zai)防損管理,降低(di)出險率(lv)。加強出險后的(de)理賠(pei)管理,降低(di)賠(pei)付率(lv)

對(dui)企財險(xian)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)管理(li),不(bu)僅(jin)在(zai)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)前要把(ba)好入口,對(dui)較大(da)業(ye)務(wu)還應做好承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)后(hou)的(de)防災(zai)防損管理(li),通(tong)過深入企業(ye)進行災(zai)前檢查(cha),查(cha)找可能的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)事故(gu)隱(yin)患,提出整改(gai)措施,督(du)促被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人防患于未然(ran),同(tong)時展現保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司全方(fang)位(wei)服務(wu)的(de)能力(li)。雖然(ran)此(ci)項工作將帶來經(jing)營成本(ben)的(de)增加,但相對(dui)于出險(xian)后(hou)所付出的(de)查(cha)勘、理(li)賠(pei)成本(ben),還是值得做的(de)。

對發生保險(xian)事故的(de)客戶,及時查勘,掌握第(di)一手資料。準確合理(li)(li)(li)地核定損失,屬(shu)保險(xian)責任(ren)的(de),不(bu)惜賠;不(bu)屬(shu)保險(xian)責任(ren)的(de),不(bu)濫(lan)賠。通(tong)過加(jia)強理(li)(li)(li)賠管理(li)(li)(li),降低賠付率,保證企財險(xian)的(de)經營(ying)效益(yi)。

要建立風(feng)險(xian)評估體系和監控(kong)體系。將風(feng)險(xian)防(fang)(fang)范(fan)(fan)技術(shu)融匯到客(ke)戶服務(wu)過程中去;通(tong)過與理(li)賠(pei)部門合作(zuo),建立定期聯席會議通(tong)氣制度(du),參與大(da)災(zai)理(li)賠(pei),開展(zhan)承保前努力防(fang)(fang)范(fan)(fan)、承保中盡(jin)量(liang)避免(mian)的動(dong)態風(feng)險(xian)管控(kong)機制。通(tong)過與理(li)賠(pei)部門聯手合作(zuo),加大(da)業(ye)務(wu)管理(li)監控(kong),切實作(zuo)好防(fang)(fang)災(zai)防(fang)(fang)損工作(zuo),推動(dong)業(ye)務(wu)健康發展(zhan)

四、加強銷售(shou)體(ti)系建設,廣(guang)開渠道,充分利用(yong)中介力量

加強銷(xiao)(xiao)售體(ti)系建(jian)設(she),針(zhen)對(dui)不同的市(shi)場采(cai)(cai)取(qu)靈活的銷(xiao)(xiao)售模式,拓(tuo)(tuo)寬銷(xiao)(xiao)售渠道(dao)。對(dui)大項目、標志性業(ye)務(wu),采(cai)(cai)取(qu)直銷(xiao)(xiao)方式,對(dui)其中已經(jing)形成的經(jing)紀、業(ye)務(wu),領導掛帥、對(dui)口(kou)拓(tuo)(tuo)展與客(ke)戶的直接聯系,增加影響力與主動權,將客(ke)戶資(zi)源牢(lao)牢(lao)控制在(zai)公司手中。對(dui)擁有眾多客(ke)戶群的產品,進一步推動建(jian)立營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)體(ti)制,通過營(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)(xiao)隊伍(wu)或兼(jian)業(ye)機構實(shi)現目標達成。

在目前大企業(ye)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)事項逐步(bu)趨向(xiang)聘用保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)顧問的現狀下,除(chu)憑(ping)借(jie)自(zi)己的力量進(jin)行展(zhan)業(ye)外,我們(men)還(huan)應積極與保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)經紀等(deng)中介機構建(jian)立(li)互(hu)利、合作的業(ye)務關系,拓(tuo)寬業(ye)務銷售(shou)渠(qu)道。在尊重(zhong)其合理利益的基礎上,積極建(jian)立(li)多(duo)領域合作,共同(tong)發(fa)掘市(shi)場,實(shi)現互(hu)利雙(shuang)贏。

密切與銀行(xing)、擔保(bao)公司等機構保(bao)持合(he)作關系,加強與政(zheng)府職能部(bu)門(men)的溝通,積極(ji)達成以行(xing)業(ye)統保(bao)的方式開展業(ye)務(wu),擴大我們的市場占有(you)率。

要(yao)充分(fen)重(zhong)視發(fa)揮營銷(xiao)(xiao)員在關(guan)系(xi)(xi)滲(shen)透方(fang)面的作用,重(zhong)點從產品(pin)推(tui)廣、展業引導(dao)、技術(shu)和公關(guan)費(fei)用等方(fang)面為營銷(xiao)(xiao)員展業提供積極的支持,由業務人員和營銷(xiao)(xiao)人員負(fu)責建立人脈關(guan)系(xi)(xi),由專業營銷(xiao)(xiao)團隊(dui)人員及時(shi)跟進(jin)提供技術(shu)支持,雙管齊下,盡最大努力促(cu)成業務的成功承保。

五、培養專業人才,保障(zhang)企財險業務發展

篇7

【關鍵詞】森林;分析;保險

政策性森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)是由政府提供(gong)保(bao)費補貼(tie)為(wei)主,保(bao)險(xian)(xian)部(bu)門不以盈利為(wei)目的,對森林(lin)和林(lin)木及其產(chan)品進行(xing)的保(bao)險(xian)(xian)。是集體林(lin)權制度改革配套改革的一項(xiang)重(zhong)要舉措,是降低林(lin)業(ye)投資經(jing)營(ying)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian),增強(qiang)林(lin)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)者抵御風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)能力的一項(xiang)主要措施。

一、貴陽(yang)市政策性森(sen)林保險現狀

(一)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)制定(ding)及試(shi)點(dian)情況。2011年(nian)12月19日,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽市人(ren)民政(zheng)府印發了《貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽市政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)試(shi)點(dian)方案的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》,確(que)定(ding)在修(xiu)文縣(xian)開展政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)試(shi)點(dian),由(you)中國人(ren)民財產(chan)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)股份有(you)限公(gong)司(si)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽分公(gong)司(si)作為(wei)(wei)承保(bao)(bao)機(ji)構。2012年(nian)修(xiu)文縣(xian)實施試(shi)點(dian),完(wan)成7.8萬畝林(lin)地的(de)森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)前(qian)期基礎資料收集,2013年(nian)完(wan)成1.7萬畝(含(han)0.51萬畝公(gong)益林(lin))火災保(bao)(bao)險(xian)投保(bao)(bao)。2013年(nian)在修(xiu)文縣(xian)試(shi)點(dian)的(de)基礎上,增加息烽(feng)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)試(shi)點(dian)單位繼續實施試(shi)點(dian),2014年(nian)全(quan)市全(quan)面推進政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)投保(bao)(bao)工作。

(二)投(tou)保(bao)情況。2015年,森林保(bao)險(xian)投(tou)保(bao)面積371.62萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),占全(quan)市森林資源面積萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)的%,其中投(tou)保(bao)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)林365.66萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),占全(quan)市公(gong)益(yi)(yi)林面積萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)的%;投(tou)保(bao)商(shang)品林5.96萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),占全(quan)市商(shang)品林萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)的%。全(quan)市森林保(bao)險(xian)投(tou)保(bao)綜合險(xian)264.16萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(公(gong)益(yi)(yi)林258.62萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),商(shang)品林5.54萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)),災害險(xian)107.46萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(公(gong)益(yi)(yi)林107.04萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),商(shang)品林0.42萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu))。

(三)理賠(pei)情況(kuang)。保險公司收(shou)到災害發(fa)生(sheng)保險理賠(pei)邀約(yue)10起,理賠(pei)10起,理賠(pei)面積414.88畝,賠(pei)付(fu)金額(e)33.64萬元。

(四(si))財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)及保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)參與(yu)情況。2015年,全市保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金額(e)361238.00萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費總額(e)976.25萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),其(qi)中中央財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)484.64萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),省財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)283.84萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),市財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)60.24萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),縣財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)136.44萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),林(lin)(lin)(lin)業經營(ying)單位(wei)及林(lin)(lin)(lin)農(nong)承擔(dan)2.87萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。實際到位(wei)資(zi)(zi)金:中央財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)440萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),省財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)260萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),市財(cai)(cai)(cai)政補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)70.53萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),其(qi)余補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)資(zi)(zi)金由(you)縣財(cai)(cai)(cai)政先行(xing)代付或由(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)自行(xing)墊(dian)付。參與(yu)全市有森林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)質的三家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)及承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)面積分別為(wei)中國人(ren)(ren)壽(shou)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)153.09萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),中國人(ren)(ren)民財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)股份(fen)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)203.89萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),中國平安保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)股份(fen)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)14.64萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。

二、存在的問題

(一)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工作推(tui)進緩(huan)慢,林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)農(nong)參與度(du)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)。全市(shi)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)面(mian)積(ji)371.62萬(wan)(wan)畝,商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)僅(jin)5.96萬(wan)(wan)畝,占(zhan)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)面(mian)積(ji)的1.6%,商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)中林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)農(nong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)面(mian)積(ji)僅(jin)0.42萬(wan)(wan)畝,占(zhan)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)面(mian)積(ji)的7%,其(qi)(qi)余商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)主體(ti)以(yi)國有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場為主。究其(qi)(qi)原因是林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)農(nong)對森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的認(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)和了解程度(du)低,投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)意愿不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao),不(bu)(bu)愿承(cheng)擔保(bao)(bao)費,風(feng)險(xian)(xian)意識(shi)(shi)淡薄,缺少長遠的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)預防思想,對商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的需(xu)求不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao),認(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),認(ren)(ren)為商品(pin)(pin)(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的作用不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da),致(zhi)使森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工作難度(du)較大(da)(da)。

(二)配套政(zheng)策(ce)及機(ji)制不(bu)完善(shan)。目(mu)前森林保險法(fa)律法(fa)規體系不(bu)成熟,相關配套設施不(bu)完善(shan),政(zheng)府(fu)扶(fu)持力(li)度和(he)政(zheng)策(ce)有待(dai)加強。在社會經濟迅速發展的(de)今(jin)天,面對(dui)更多新出現(xian)的(de)問(wen)題,目(mu)前的(de)森林保險條款(kuan),已難以(yi)滿足(zu)現(xian)實(shi)森林保險工作的(de)需求。森林保險的(de)經營范圍、費(fei)率標(biao)準、賠付標(biao)準等迫(po)切需要更健(jian)全(quan)完善(shan)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)法(fa)律規范。

(三(san))保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)供給不足(zu)和服(fu)務(wu)不到(dao)(dao)位(wei)。目前我(wo)市(shi)政策(ce)性(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)只有(you)政府主導(dao)的(de)公(gong)益林(lin)(lin)和商(shang)品(pin)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)火災險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和綜(zong)合險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩個品(pin)種,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)未推出其他的(de)任何產(chan)品(pin)。由(you)于省政府批準實施(shi)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資質(zhi)公(gong)司(si)(si)就只有(you)3家大(da)型傳統保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),這3家公(gong)司(si)(si)實行(xing)聯保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)共保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),小型保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)及具(ju)有(you)創新型保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)意識的(de)公(gong)司(si)(si)無(wu)資格參(can)與(yu)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),3家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)壟(long)斷地位(wei)經營。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)服(fu)務(wu)也不到(dao)(dao)位(wei),一方面,鄉鎮林(lin)(lin)業(ye)站收集相(xiang)(xiang)關投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料(liao),參(can)與(yu)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),但保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)經費遲遲撥(bo)付不到(dao)(dao)位(wei);另(ling)一方面,由(you)于林(lin)(lin)農缺少足(zu)夠的(de)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)專業(ye)知識及保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知識,而保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)也無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)應政策(ce)性(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)復合人(ren)才,導(dao)致林(lin)(lin)農在投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時提供相(xiang)(xiang)關參(can)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)資料(liao)難度(du)大(da),理賠工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進展緩慢,影響了森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進度(du)。

(四)縣(xian)級林權(quan)服務人(ren)員不(bu)足及基層(ceng)林業工作(zuo)人(ren)員不(bu)積極。在不(bu)動產統一登記機構建立過(guo)程中(zhong),人(ren)員編制從縣(xian)級林權(quan)管理中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)劃走較多編制,現縣(xian)級林權(quan)管理中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)人(ren)員編制僅1-3人(ren),有的甚至沒有;而(er)基層(ceng)林業站由鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)政府直接領導,大部(bu)分經歷被分配到(dao)其他工作(zuo)上,同時工作(zuo)經費(fei)落實不(bu)到(dao)位。

(五(wu))補貼(tie)(tie)資(zi)金撥(bo)付不(bu)及時。到目前為止,中央(yang)及省級財政補貼(tie)(tie)資(zi)金還差80多(duo)萬(wan)元(yuan)(含(han)2014年度5萬(wan)元(yuan)),2015年度決算結(jie)束后,中央(yang)及省財政未(wei)及時下撥(bo)年度差額資(zi)金。補貼(tie)(tie)資(zi)金不(bu)及時到位(wei),嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)了森(sen)林保險的(de)續保工作(zuo)。

(六(liu))宣(xuan)傳力度(du)不(bu)夠(gou)。林農(nong)對森林保險(xian)和(he)抗風險(xian)意(yi)識認識不(bu)到位(wei)。各區(市、縣)、保險(xian)機構(gou)未有效開(kai)展森林保險(xian)宣(xuan)傳工作(zuo)。

三、對策

(一(yi))刺激森林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)消費需求。承保(bao)(bao)機構、林(lin)(lin)(lin)業、財政(zheng)(zheng),鄉(xiang)鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)等(deng)要加強(qiang)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的宣(xuan)傳工作,加大宣(xuan)傳力度(du),充分利用各(ge)種媒體(ti)宣(xuan)傳。加強(qiang)理賠服務,提高賠付率,特別是加強(qiang)商品(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)災(zai)害理賠,讓林(lin)(lin)(lin)農看到受(shou)害的森林(lin)(lin)(lin)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)木是有(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)障的,讓其(qi)自(zi)覺投保(bao)(bao)商品(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)。

(二)完善配套政策。1、完善聯合機(ji)制(zhi),提高工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率。金融、財政、林(lin)業(ye)、保(bao)險(xian)(xian)機(ji)構等(deng)部門和單位(wei),加強協調與(yu)聯動,形成合力,共同參與(yu)做好森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)宣傳(chuan)、承保(bao)、理賠、防災等(deng)環節工(gong)作(zuo),切(qie)實森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率。2、探索(suo)森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)管理服務的(de)新機(ji)制(zhi),建立防范(fan)(fan)和化解(jie)森林(lin)災害(hai)風險(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)保(bao)障體(ti)系(xi)。規范(fan)(fan)森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)投保(bao)各階段的(de)資料收集(ji)流程(cheng),進一步規范(fan)(fan)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)內容(rong)、保(bao)險(xian)(xian)責任、保(bao)險(xian)(xian)期限、賠償(chang)處理、風險(xian)(xian)管理、保(bao)障措施等(deng)。

(三)增加森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)產品供給。保(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司要不(bu)斷創新(xin),根據各類森林(lin)資(zi)源情況(kuang),林(lin)種(zhong)(zhong)、樹種(zhong)(zhong)各自的(de)特點,結(jie)(jie)合農業產業結(jie)(jie)構調整,參考其(qi)他省區(qu)實施情況(kuang),推陳出新(xin),增加森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)供給,不(bu)斷滿(man)足林(lin)農的(de)需(xu)求,提高森林(lin)保(bao)險(xian)投保(bao)率(lv)。

篇8

近年(nian)來,我國(guo)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)業發(fa)展迅(xun)速。2012年(nian),我國(guo)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)市(shi)場(chang)全面(mian)快速增(zeng)長,旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)業總收(shou)人(ren)達2.5萬億(yi)元,比上年(nian)增(zeng)長14%。國(guo)內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)人(ren)次(ci)28.4億(yi)人(ren)次(ci),若以(yi)(yi)人(ren)均10元保(bao)(bao)費(fei)計算,旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)費(fei)收(shou)入(ru)就接(jie)近300億(yi),以(yi)(yi)統(tong)計量最為準確的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行責任(ren)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)項目為例,該險(xian)種2011年(nian)總保(bao)(bao)費(fei)1.06373億(yi)元,這說明旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)潛力遠未充分發(fa)揮(hui)。旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)產(chan)品也層(ceng)出不窮,航天(tian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、養生旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、紅色(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)等逐(zhu)漸進入(ru)大眾的(de)(de)(de)視野,旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)巨大需求都有其帶動。對于(yu)潛在(zai)大市(shi)場(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian),各(ge)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司都在(zai)瞄(miao)準,各(ge)具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)產(chan)品紛至沓來。

2.旅(lv)游(you)保險的(de)定義和(he)分類(lei)

2.1 旅(lv)游保險的定義

旅(lv)(lv)游(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)是指根據合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)約定(ding)(ding),游(you)客或旅(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)社,向保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)支付(fu)(fu)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費(fei),對于合(he)(he)同約定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)可能發生的(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)事故(gu)對游(you)客所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)人(ren)身傷(shang)亡或財產損失(shi),或者造成(cheng)被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人(ren)旅(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)延誤、死亡、傷(shang)殘或其他財產損失(shi)及人(ren)身損害是由于旅(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)社自身的(de)(de)疏忽或過失(shi)時,由保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司承擔(dan)相應的(de)(de)給(gei)付(fu)(fu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金責任的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為。

2.2 旅游保險的分類

對(dui)于旅(lv)(lv)游(you)保險,按照(zhao)投保人(ren)和(he)保障對(dui)象的(de)不同(tong),可(ke)以分為旅(lv)(lv)行社責任險和(he)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)意外險。

2.2.1 旅游社責任保險

旅行(xing)社責(ze)任(ren)保(bao)險是(shi)因自身疏忽(hu)或(huo)過失,對游客在旅行(xing)社組織旅游活動過程中所造(zao)成損害(hai)時(shi)所應承(cheng)擔的經濟(ji)賠(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任(ren)的保(bao)險,公(gong)益性(xing)很強,屬于強制性(xing)保(bao)險。2010年,旅行(xing)社責(ze)任(ren)保(bao)險在全國試點(dian)。該項目(mu)由6家保(bao)險公(gong)司組成共保(bao)體,分別是(shi):人保(bao)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)、太保(bao)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)、平安財(cai)(cai)產(chan)、大(da)地(di)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)、人壽財(cai)(cai)產(chan)和(he)太平財(cai)(cai)產(chan),各自分保(bao)份(fen)額分別為45%、15%、10%、10%、10%和(he)10%。

2.2.2 旅游意外險

旅(lv)游意外(wai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是對于在旅(lv)游過(guo)程(cheng)中,游客因(yin)意外(wai)事(shi)故(gu)所造成的人(ren)身(shen)及財產損失的產品(pin),可以劃分為(wei)旅(lv)游人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、住宿游客人(ren)身(shen)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、游客意外(wai)傷害(hai)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、旅(lv)游救助保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)旅(lv)游求援保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。除(chu)意外(wai)傷害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)外(wai),其他的都是自愿(yuan)性保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.分析(xi)旅游保險的風險

3.1 承保(bao)方式的風險

目前(qian),旅游(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)中最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)險(xian)種:旅游(you)(you)意外險(xian),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)是所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)都涵(han)蓋在一張保(bao)(bao)(bao)單上面。沒(mei)有進行所承保(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分類(lei)和組合。這樣方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)加大了保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)。除此之外大多(duo)數旅游(you)(you)意外險(xian)只賣團(tuan)體險(xian),而且只針對隨旅行社出(chu)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke),自行出(chu)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)散客(ke)(ke)暫不承保(bao)(bao)(bao)。有關資(zi)料顯示,跟團(tuan)出(chu)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)只占總(zong)游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)20%。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法使得旅游(you)(you)意外險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋面較窄,從大數法則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理(li)上也難以準確衡(heng)量保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)。

3.2 旅游保險產品的風險

由于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)不夠重視旅(lv)游(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),旅(lv)游(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)開發(fa)嚴重滯后于(yu)(yu)旅(lv)游(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市場(chang)的(de)需求(qiu)。今年來(lai),“野外(wai)生(sheng)(sheng)存游(you)”、“生(sheng)(sheng)態游(you)”等(deng)體(ti)驗式旅(lv)游(you)越來(lai)越流行,目前各(ge)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)的(de)旅(lv)游(you)意(yi)外(wai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)無一(yi)例(li)外(wai)的(de)將“被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人從事潛水(shui)、跳傘、登(deng)山、武術比賽(sai)、特級表演、賽(sai)馬、賽(sai)車等(deng)高風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)運動作(zuo)為責任(ren)免(mian)除條款(kuan)。”其(qi)實這(zhe)些才是對于(yu)(yu)大(da)多數(shu)游(you)客而(er)言真正需要保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障的(de)內容(rong)。而(er)其(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)遲鈍開發(fa)讓(rang)游(you)客購買旅(lv)游(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)熱情被降(jiang)低,其(qi)需求(qiu)被抑制。因(yin)此,旅(lv)游(you)意(yi)外(wai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)低投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率,也讓(rang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)分(fen)散風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)只(zhi)能在狹窄的(de)范圍內進行,這(zhe)無疑增加了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)的(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.3 保險理賠(pei)中的風險

游(you)客出(chu)游(you)的(de)時間短(duan)、流動性大等是旅游(you)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)獨具的(de)特(te)殊性。游(you)客可(ke)能是在這個地(di)方投保(bao)而在那個地(di)方出(chu)險(xian)(xian),甚至可(ke)能在國(guo)內投保(bao),國(guo)外出(chu)險(xian)(xian),這就對保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司核(he)保(bao)理賠提出(chu)更高要求(qiu)。不(bu)過目前各保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司對每一起事故的(de)現場核(he)賠的(de)成本壓力(li)催生了(le)不(bu)少網上(shang)核(he)賠理賠措施(shi),相(xiang)信類似的(de)問題會逐步解決(jue)。

3.4 保險公司內部管理風險

管理松懈、賠人情案(an)以及一些由于(yu)時間短(duan)而(er)沒有錄進電(dian)子化管理系(xi)統的(de)旅游(you)意外險致(zhi)使賠付率上升等問題加大了保(bao)險公司經營的(de)風險。

4.旅游(you)保險的風險管控

4.1 提高(gao)游客的(de)保險意識

一方面(mian),要加(jia)大對相(xiang)關法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規的(de)(de)宜(yi)傳(chuan)力度(du)。根據《刑法(fa)(fa)》要求,向全社會(hui)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規,讓群眾明白,在旅(lv)游(you)過(guo)程中,以故(gu)意偽(wei)造旅(lv)游(you)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故(gu)或者夸(kua)大旅(lv)游(you)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故(gu)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)來達到(dao)編取保(bao)險(xian)(xian)金的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)等(deng)行為屬于詐編,應受到(dao)法(fa)(fa)律的(de)(de)制裁。

另一(yi)方面,對于投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人的義(yi)務,《保(bao)(bao)險(xian)法》及(ji)(ji)相關保(bao)(bao)險(xian)條款進行(xing)了(le)詳細的說明。具體到投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人的義(yi)務包(bao)括:1,如(ru)實告知義(yi)務;2,發生意外(wai)時應及(ji)(ji)時補救并立刻通(tong)知保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人;3,協(xie)助查勘(kan)的義(yi)務

4.2 信息(xi)化建(jian)設的積(ji)極(ji)完善

旅(lv)游保(bao)(bao)(bao)險經營的(de)信息化(hua)建設的(de)積極(ji)推進,首先是旅(lv)游保(bao)(bao)(bao)險產(chan)品在網(wang)上(shang)銷(xiao)售的(de)大力(li)創新,這(zhe)讓游客(ke)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司之間實現(xian)了簡單(dan)直接(jie)的(de)溝(gou)通(tong),省去(qu)了中介環節(jie)。其次是保(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司應在官網(wang)、相(xiang)關旅(lv)游網(wang)、微博(bo)微信等新媒體圖文并茂滴介紹旅(lv)游保(bao)(bao)(bao)險產(chan)品的(de)優勢,對(dui)實時數(shu)據進行收集和(he)處理(li)(li)。第三是要構建電子化(hua)的(de)信息系統(tong),通(tong)過大數(shu)據的(de)分析(xi),降低理(li)(li)賠率的(de)同時還(huan)可以(yi)研發定價更合理(li)(li),保(bao)(bao)(bao)障更全(quan)面的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險產(chan)品。

4.3 加大(da)創新(xin)產品的開發力度

可從以下兩個方面著手產品(pin)(pin)創(chuang)新(xin):一是將(jiang)占(zhan)總(zong)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)數(shu)80%的(de)自(zi)助(zhu)出(chu)(chu)游(you)(you)(you)者納入旅游(you)(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障范(fan)圍內,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)精算的(de)原理上(shang)開發覆蓋(gai)范(fan)圍更廣的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產品(pin)(pin),當然這(zhe)(zhe)之前需要建(jian)立或收集大量的(de)損(sun)失(shi)數(shu)據(ju)。從大數(shu)法則上(shang)來講,吸納自(zi)主(zhu)行游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)的(de)直接導致(zhi)基金池(chi)的(de)增加,間接的(de)增加了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)的(de)賠付能力。二(er)是為滿足(zu)廣大旅客(ke)的(de)多元(yuan)化需求,適(shi)時推出(chu)(chu)漂流險(xian)(xian)(xian)、高(gao)(gao)原險(xian)(xian)(xian)等保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)產品(pin)(pin)。有保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)在2010年(nian)推出(chu)(chu)獨具一格的(de)高(gao)(gao)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)運(yun)動(dong)險(xian)(xian)(xian),但是職業性和獎勵性的(de)運(yun)動(dong)屬于(yu)免責范(fan)圍。與(yu)此(ci)同時,中國人壽在2012年(nian)聯合西(xi)藏旅游(you)(you)(you)局推出(chu)(chu)了(le)高(gao)(gao)原反應(ying)險(xian)(xian)(xian),最高(gao)(gao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)額可達20萬(wan)。這(zhe)(zhe)一系列(lie)創(chuang)新(xin)都展示出(chu)(chu)國內保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)對旅游(you)(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)重視(shi)。

篇9

所(suo)謂(wei)機動車輛掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經(jing)營(ying),是(shi)指個人(ren)(以(yi)下簡稱掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)車主)出資(zi)購買車輛,以(yi)客貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)企業(ye)(以(yi)下簡稱掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)單位或(huo)掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)企業(ye))為(wei)車主登記人(ren)戶(hu),并以(yi)其名義進行(xing)客貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)經(jing)營(ying),由(you)掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)單位提(ti)供適于營(ying)運(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)法律(lv)條件,如客車經(jing)營(ying)線路、貨(huo)車各種營(ying)運(yun)(yun)(yun)手續等,并收取相應(ying)的(de)管理費或(huo)有償服務費的(de)經(jing)營(ying)方式。

實踐中,機動車(che)輛掛靠經(jing)(jing)營(ying)脫胎(tai)于我國(guo)計劃經(jing)(jing)濟向市場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟轉軌(gui)的(de)特殊(shu)歷史(shi)時(shi)期(qi),其運營(ying)模式存(cun)在著(zhu)諸多(duo)的(de)不規范(fan)性,并潛藏了巨大風(feng)險(xian),這(zhe)種不規范(fan)在一(yi)(yi)定時(shi)期(qi)內還將繼(ji)續存(cun)在。就財產保險(xian)公司(si)而言,如何在不規范(fan)的(de)市場(chang)中尋求發展(zhan),如何掌(zhang)控機動車(che)輛掛靠經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)風(feng)險(xian),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)值得關注的(de)重要問題。

行業開放催生掛靠經營(ying)

1983年(nian),全國交通工作會議提出(chu)了“有(you)路大家行車”、“國營、集體(ti)、個體(ti)一齊上”的政(zheng)策,猶如驚天春(chun)雷,迅(xun)速催生了我國公路運(yun)輸(shu)業(ye)發展的春(chun)天。

盡管如此,集體(ti)、個體(ti)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)戶卻(que)始終面(mian)臨(lin)著沒有(you)(you)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)經營權(quan)的政策。與此同(tong)時,國有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)企業(ye)憑借掌控的線(xian)路(lu)和運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)資(zi)源,極力排斥集體(ti)、個體(ti)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)戶。集體(ti)、個體(ti)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)戶亟需一個良好(hao)的發展環境,國有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)企業(ye)又面(mian)臨(lin)著資(zi)金短缺的發展難題,因此雙方都有(you)(you)著合作的迫切愿望。

鑒于(yu)此(ci),1995年交通(tong)部召(zhao)開(kai)全國培(pei)育和發(fa)展道路運輸市(shi)場工(gong)作會(hui)議(yi),會(hui)議(yi)認為(wei)“通(tong)過掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao),能(neng)夠達到(dao)規模(mo)經營、集(ji)約化經營,符合增長方式的(de)轉變,能(neng)夠加(jia)大(da)汽車運輸的(de)覆(fu)蓋(gai)面,使他們能(neng)夠更好地(di)為(wei)社會(hui)服(fu)務。采取(qu)限制、排擠的(de)措施都是錯(cuo)誤的(de)。”應該(gai)“允(yun)許國有(you)運輸企業接(jie)受社會(hui)、個體運輸戶掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經營”。由此(ci),掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經營從幕后(hou)走上臺前,并(bing)迅速(su)發(fa)展成為(wei)全國客運企業普遍實行的(de)經營方式。

改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放20多年(nian)來,掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)方式(shi)吸引了大量的(de)社(she)會(hui)資金(jin),推動了運輸市場從國有一統天下、主體單一、毫無個性的(de)行(xing)業,快速演(yan)變(bian)成為多種經(jing)濟成分并(bing)存、經(jing)營(ying)(ying)主體多元(yuan)、經(jing)營(ying)(ying)方式(shi)靈活多樣(yang)的(de)格局。截止到20__年(nian)底,全國公路(lu)客(ke)運車(che)輛(liang)達到128.40萬輛(liang),其中掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)車(che)輛(liang)占(zhan)營(ying)(ying)運客(ke)車(che)的(de)85以上,有些省份(fen)甚至達到了90。掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)有效(xiao)緩解(jie)了運力(li)不足的(de)矛(mao)盾,解(jie)決了人(ren)民群(qun)眾出行(xing)難(nan)、乘車(che)難(nan)的(de)問題。

掛(gua)靠經營潛藏(zang)巨大風險(xian)

由于掛靠車(che)輛的產權大(da)多不屬于運(yun)輸(shu)企業,經營權又承包或出租給個人,資本的逐(zhu)利性使掛靠車(che)主把經濟效益最(zui)大(da)化(hua)放在了第一位(wei),從而不可(ke)避免(mian)地影響了公路運(yun)輸(shu)業的健(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)。

目(mu)前,我(wo)國公路運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)經(jing)營主體多、企業規模小、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)組織松散、競爭能力(li)和抗風(feng)險(xian)能力(li)弱、市場混亂等現象依然突出。曾被(bei)作為道路運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)業發展(zhan)新模式的掛靠經(jing)營,也頗遭業界批評。

一(yi)是行(xing)車事故頻(pin)發,掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經營(ying)(ying)存在(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患。從被掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)單位來(lai)看(kan),盡(jin)管大多數(shu)國有(you)道路運輸企業在(zai)行(xing)車安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)上采取的措(cuo)施(shi)較為(wei)嚴格(ge),但(dan)在(zai)掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經營(ying)(ying)模(mo)式下,難以(yi)進行(xing)有(you)效管理(li)。況(kuang)且(qie)一(yi)些企業片(pian)面追求(qiu)經濟(ji)效益,收取車主掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)費后便萬事大吉,以(yi)包代管,包而不管。更有(you)甚(shen)者,對掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)(kao)車輛根本沒有(you)任何安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)措(cuo)施(shi),對車輛只提供辦證、年審(shen)、維護等服務,甚(shen)至有(you)時候發生行(xing)車事故也無從知(zhi)曉。

從掛靠車(che)主來看(kan),絕大多數車(che)主安全(quan)意(yi)識淡薄,車(che)輛的(de)各項成(cheng)本(ben),包括(kuo)安全(quan)管理(li)成(cheng)本(ben)等被(bei)壓縮(suo)到極點,車(che)輛技術狀況(kuang)差,超載、超速、躲避安檢等無所不用其極,處處存在隱患,行(xing)車(che)事故頻繁發生。

據(ju)有關部門(men)的(de)統計數據(ju)表明,客車發(fa)生的(de)重特大道路交通事故中,掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車輛的(de)肇事比(bi)例多達90。因此(ci),掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)經營模式潛藏的(de)安全隱患不容忽視。

二是市場秩序混亂,掛(gua)靠經(jing)營(ying)(ying)較(jiao)多違規(gui)行為。掛(gua)靠經(jing)營(ying)(ying)引發的(de)利益主體(ti)多元化,造成經(jing)營(ying)(ying)行為不規(gui)范。實踐(jian)中,一些掛(gua)靠車(che)(che)主往(wang)往(wang)不按(an)許(xu)可線路運營(ying)(ying),不遵守法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui),車(che)(che)輛(liang)外掛(gua)、異(yi)地經(jing)營(ying)(ying)、惡(e)性(xing)降價、非(fei)法(fa)(fa)運輸(shu)、違規(gui)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)等(deng)現象較(jiao)為普遍。

三是服務質量較(jiao)差(cha),掛靠經營(ying)突顯誠信危機。從道路客運市場來看(kan),由于客運門(men)檻低(di),掛靠車主不乏(fa)文化低(di)、素質差(cha)的(de)社會閑雜人(ren)員,拉客、宰(zai)客、甩客、賣客、倒客以及欺行霸(ba)市等(deng)屢有發生。掛靠經營(ying)追(zhui)求(qiu)的(de)是單車經濟效益最大化,往往置(zhi)服務質量、市場信譽于不顧。

從道路(lu)貨運(yun)市(shi)場(chang)來看,一些貨運(yun)車輛帶病上(shang)路(lu)、違法運(yun)輸(shu)、野(ye)蠻裝(zhuang)卸、監(jian)守(shou)自盜,甚至連車帶貨“人間蒸發(fa)”現象(xiang)時有發(fa)生(sheng),道路(lu)運(yun)輸(shu)市(shi)場(chang)誠信(xin)度不高。

四(si)是車(che)(che)(che)輛產權(quan)模糊,掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)經營潛藏法(fa)律風險。掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)車(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)產權(quan)關系不明(ming)晰、經營主體不明(ming)確(que),使(shi)得(de)由車(che)(che)(che)輛產生的(de)法(fa)律責(ze)任難以認定(ding)。司法(fa)機(ji)關在審理道(dao)路交通(tong)事(shi)故(gu)民事(shi)賠(pei)償(chang)案件時,常常遇到(dao)掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)企(qi)業與掛(gua)靠(kao)(kao)車(che)(che)(che)主之間的(de)責(ze)任認定(ding)問題。

司(si)法實踐中,存(cun)在幾(ji)種(zhong)不(bu)同的(de)觀點(dian)。第一種(zhong)觀點(dian)認為(wei),按照(zhao)所(suo)(suo)有(you)權登記的(de)公示公信原則,既然機(ji)動(dong)車(che)(che)輛行(xing)(xing)駛證和道路運輸證都為(wei)掛靠(kao)企(qi)業(ye)所(suo)(suo)有(you),那么掛靠(kao)企(qi)業(ye)就理(li)所(suo)(suo)當然成(cheng)為(wei)訴訟主體,承擔相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)民(min)事賠償責(ze)任。第二種(zhong)觀點(dian)認為(wei),按照(zhao)運行(xing)(xing)支配和運行(xing)(xing)利益(yi)(yi)的(de)原則,雖然掛靠(kao)企(qi)業(ye)機(ji)動(dong)車(che)(che)輛行(xing)(xing)駛證和道路運輸證均為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)戶頭,但經營權卻歸個人所(suo)(suo)有(you),掛靠(kao)企(qi)業(ye)實際上并不(bu)擁有(you)車(che)(che)輛所(suo)(suo)有(you)權,并不(bu)實際控制(zhi)和運行(xing)(xing)該(gai)車(che)(che)輛,也不(bu)直接從車(che)(che)輛經營中獲取利益(yi)(yi)。因此,掛靠(kao)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)承擔責(ze)任。第三種(zhong)觀點(dian)采(cai)取了折衷的(de)態度,認為(wei)車(che)(che)主應(ying)(ying)(ying)為(wei)訴訟

主體(ti),承(cheng)擔主要賠償責任,掛靠企業承(cheng)擔連帶責任。

保險公司對(dui)車輛掛靠經營的風險防(fang)范(fan)策略(lve)

保險實踐(jian)中(zhong),與掛靠經營相關聯的保險產品主要有(you)機動車(che)輛保險、公(gong)路(lu)(lu)貨物運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)保險以及承(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)人(ren)(ren)責(ze)任保險等。從近幾年的經營情(qing)況來看(kan),我國保險行業機動車(che)輛保險的賠(pei)付率整體偏高,部分保險公(gong)司車(che)險業務處于虧損(sun)邊緣;公(gong)路(lu)(lu)貨物運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)保險業務發展不夠規范,賠(pei)付率相對(dui)較(jiao)高;道路(lu)(lu)客運(yun)(yun)(yun)承(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)人(ren)(ren)責(ze)任保險理賠(pei)壓力較(jiao)大(da),通(tong)融賠(pei)付案(an)件時(shi)有(you)發生。導(dao)致上述(shu)業務質量不高的因(yin)素是(shi)(shi)多方(fang)面的,但其中(zhong)重要原因(yin)之一便是(shi)(shi)保險公(gong)司對(dui)掛靠經營的風(feng)險沒有(you)足夠的認識,從而承(cheng)(cheng)保了大(da)量的風(feng)險性較(jiao)大(da)的保險標的,進而導(dao)致理賠(pei)環節的被動。

圍繞(rao)機動(dong)車輛掛靠經(jing)營開(kai)展的各(ge)險種業(ye)(ye)務(wu)已形(xing)成一定規模,保險公司應該對機動(dong)車輛及其公路客(ke)貨運市場(chang)(chang)進行細分,有(you)必要將機動(dong)車輛掛靠經(jing)營作(zuo)為一個獨(du)立(li)的標(biao)的市場(chang)(chang)來重新梳理(li)現有(you)的業(ye)(ye)務(wu)結構,以此降低相(xiang)關險種業(ye)(ye)務(wu)的風險水平。

目前,我國(guo)財產保險(xian)公司(si)應重點做好以下幾個方面的工作:

一是要(yao)(yao)正確處理規(gui)范(fan)和發展(zhan)(zhan)的矛盾,要(yao)(yao)在(zai)發展(zhan)(zhan)的基(ji)礎上不斷規(gui)范(fan),并(bing)在(zai)規(gui)范(fan)的基(ji)礎上更好(hao)地(di)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

如前所述,機動車輛掛(gua)靠(kao)經營的(de)模式(shi)是我國經濟(ji)轉軌時期的(de)一個獨有現(xian)象(xiang),其存(cun)(cun)在(zai)本身充分說(shuo)明(ming)我國機動車輛登記管理和(he)道路運輸市場(chang)還存(cun)(cun)在(zai)許多不(bu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)地方。就(jiu)保險(xian)公司而言,是等(deng)市場(chang)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)了再發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),還是在(zai)不(bu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)市場(chang)中(zhong)努力尋求發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)呢?

應該認(ren)識到(dao),盡管近幾年來國(guo)家(jia)道(dao)路(lu)運輸管理部門已經(jing)加大了清(qing)理掛靠的(de)(de)(de)力度(du),但限于我國(guo)經(jing)濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平,機(ji)(ji)動車(che)輛(liang)掛靠經(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)模式在(zai)短時(shi)期內還不(bu)會(hui)退出歷史(shi)舞臺。市場機(ji)(ji)會(hui)不(bu)等人。保險(xian)(xian)公司必須要(yao)轉變觀念,要(yao)在(zai)現有(you)不(bu)規范的(de)(de)(de)市場中尋找(zhao)市場機(ji)(ji)會(hui),通過風險(xian)(xian)識別,采取(qu)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)防范措施,切實(shi)降低保險(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian),才是正確的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展之路(lu)。

二是要對機(ji)動車輛掛靠經營(ying)的(de)幾種不(bu)同類型進(jin)行有效(xiao)的(de)風(feng)險評估,并制定合理的(de)承(cheng)保政策。

目前,我(wo)國(guo)很多(duo)保險(xian)(xian)產品是(shi)按照團(tuan)體業(ye)務和私(si)人(ren)(ren)業(ye)務的不(bu)(bu)同(tong)對保險(xian)(xian)市場(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行細(xi)(xi)分,并制定了差(cha)異化的價格。但這種(zhong)(zhong)劃分仍顯粗(cu)糙。鑒(jian)于經(jing)營模(mo)式(shi)的不(bu)(bu)同(tong),我(wo)國(guo)團(tuan)險(xian)(xian)業(ye)務市場(chang)可以(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步細(xi)(xi)分為掛靠經(jing)營和集約經(jing)營兩種(zhong)(zhong)。所謂集約經(jing)營,就是(shi)將運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)線路經(jing)營權、車輛(liang)、人(ren)(ren)員以(yi)及資(zi)產進(jin)(jin)(jin)行有機整合,按照現代企業(ye)制度(du)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行經(jing)營管理的一種(zhong)(zhong)經(jing)營方(fang)式(shi)。與(yu)掛靠經(jing)營不(bu)(bu)同(tong),在集約經(jing)營模(mo)式(shi)下,運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)企業(ye)既是(shi)實際車輛(liang)所有人(ren)(ren),又是(shi)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)經(jing)營人(ren)(ren)。

在對(dui)保(bao)險市場進(jin)行上述細分(fen)的(de)基(ji)礎上,保(bao)險公(gong)司(si)要通(tong)過(guo)有效的(de)風險識別(bie),將那些安全管(guan)理不(bu)到位的(de)掛靠車(che)輛(liang)從團(tuan)體保(bao)險業務(wu)中剔除,或者制(zhi)定差異化(hua)的(de)費率調整系數,以此控(kong)制(zhi)這部分(fen)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)承保(bao)風險。

1.機動車(che)(che)輛(liang)保險業務方(fang)(fang)面(mian),對于(yu)管控(kong)比較(jiao)到(dao)位(wei)的掛靠車(che)(che)輛(liang),完全可以(yi)按照團體保單(dan)享受優惠(hui)折扣;對于(yu)內部管理不規范、安全管控(kong)流于(yu)形式的掛靠車(che)(che)輛(liang),其風險概率(lv)反而大于(yu)私(si)人營運車(che)(che)輛(liang),因此(ci)應注意使用(yong)差別費率(lv)的方(fang)(fang)式承保。

2.道路客運承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運人責(ze)(ze)任(ren)保(bao)(bao)險方(fang)面,掛靠(kao)(kao)經營模(mo)式下承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔法(fa)律責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)主(zhu)體究(jiu)竟(jing)是掛靠(kao)(kao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)還是掛靠(kao)(kao)車(che)(che)主(zhu),目(mu)前司法(fa)實(shi)踐(jian)中尚(shang)未達成一致,因此保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司更(geng)要謹慎承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)。對于安全管控(kong)(kong)比較到位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)企業,可以(yi)視同為(wei)集約(yue)經營模(mo)式,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)掛靠(kao)(kao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和掛靠(kao)(kao)車(che)(che)主(zhu)同時作(zuo)為(wei)被保(bao)(bao)險人,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)掛靠(kao)(kao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整(zheng)體對外承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔的(de)法(fa)律責(ze)(ze)任(ren)作(zuo)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)險標的(de);對于安全管控(kong)(kong)不(bu)到位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)企業,應將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)掛靠(kao)(kao)車(che)(che)輛視同為(wei)私人車(che)(che)輛,以(yi)掛靠(kao)(kao)車(che)(che)主(zhu)為(wei)被保(bao)(bao)險人承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao),同時嚴禁按照團體業務保(bao)(bao)單(dan)優惠承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)。至于掛靠(kao)(kao)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)依照法(fa)院判決需要承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔連帶責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de),保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司則可以(yi)通(tong)過特約(yue)條款的(de)方(fang)式予以(yi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)。

3.公(gong)路(lu)(lu)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)方面(mian),應按運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)性質和價值的(de)不(bu)同,分為普(pu)(pu)通(tong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)、貴重(zhong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)和危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)。如果掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車(che)輛(liang)從事普(pu)(pu)通(tong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu),則可以(yi)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司在貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)實際(ji)價值范圍(wei)內承(cheng)擔保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)責任;如果掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車(che)輛(liang)從事貴重(zhong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu),可以(yi)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),但必須(xu)特(te)約承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao);如果掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車(che)輛(liang)從事危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)晶運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu),由于道路(lu)(lu)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)安全(quan)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)較(jiao)大,而掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車(che)輛(liang)產(chan)權不(bu)屬于掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)單位(wei),安全(quan)管理(li)難(nan)度較(jiao)大,因此掛(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車(che)輛(liang)從事危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)格外巨大,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司應該謹慎(shen)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),或(huo)者拒保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。

三是(shi)要建立安(an)全檢查、跟蹤與測(ce)評機制,做好關鍵客戶(hu)的防(fang)災防(fang)損工作。

通過有(you)效的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)檢查制(zhi)度,可以及時了解客戶的(de)(de)管理(li)水(shui)平(ping)、安(an)全(quan)隱患(huan)、車輛技術狀(zhuang)況等風險(xian)點。同時,要嚴格對照承(cheng)保(bao)條件(jian),對風險(xian)因素增加的(de)(de)客戶要求其追加保(bao)費;對管理(li)水(shui)平(ping)不到位或存在安(an)全(quan)隱患(huan)的(de)(de)客戶,要求其限期(qi)整(zheng)改(gai)。通過持續性的(de)(de)檢查,可以建立起(qi)有(you)效的(de)(de)跟蹤管理(li)機制(zhi),定期(qi)對關鍵客戶進(jin)行安(an)全(quan)測評(ping),為將來的(de)(de)續保(bao)工作提供有(you)效的(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)依據。

四是(shi)要(yao)尊(zun)重(zhong)客觀實際,做好掛靠車輛(liang)出險(xian)后的理賠工作(zuo)。

如前所述,機動車輛(liang)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)經(jing)營存(cun)在(zai)(zai)市場秩序混亂(luan)、運作(zuo)不(bu)規范(fan)(fan)等先天不(bu)足,這給保(bao)(bao)險公司理(li)賠工(gong)作(zuo)帶來(lai)挑戰。例如,掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)單(dan)位(wei)對掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車輛(liang)并不(bu)具(ju)有(you)保(bao)(bao)險利益(yi),但(dan)實(shi)踐中掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)單(dan)位(wei)往往就(jiu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)單(dan)的(de)(de)投保(bao)(bao)人和被保(bao)(bao)險人。理(li)論上講,保(bao)(bao)險公司完全(quan)可以(yi)主張拒賠,但(dan)實(shi)踐中,恐怕沒有(you)哪一(yi)(yi)家保(bao)(bao)險公司會以(yi)此理(li)由拒賠。再如,實(shi)踐中存(cun)在(zai)(zai)大(da)量掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)車主在(zai)(zai)沒有(you)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)單(dan)位(wei)出具(ju)委(wei)托書的(de)(de)情(qing)況下直(zhi)接領(ling)(ling)取賠款的(de)(de)現象。從形式上看,這構成(cheng)被保(bao)(bao)險人以(yi)外的(de)(de)其他人員(yuan)未經(jing)授權領(ling)(ling)款的(de)(de)情(qing)形,嚴格來(lai)講并不(bu)符合操作(zuo)規范(fan)(fan),但(dan)這又完全(quan)符合掛(gua)(gua)(gua)靠(kao)經(jing)營的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)。筆者認為,基礎層面的(de)(de)產(chan)業市場不(bu)規范(fan)(fan),建(jian)立于其上的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險市場也難(nan)免存(cun)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)規范(fan)(fan)運作(zuo)之處。因(yin)此,保(bao)(bao)險公司一(yi)(yi)定要尊重客(ke)觀實(shi)際(ji),本著一(yi)(yi)切從實(shi)際(ji)出發的(de)(de)原則開展理(li)賠工(gong)作(zuo)。

篇10

[關鍵(jian)詞] 巨災(zai)風險(xian),巨災(zai)產品,風險(xian)防范

一、對巨災風險(xian)的(de)認識(shi)

“巨災(zai)(zai)”一詞(ci)最(zui)初是(shi)(shi)oedc(經(jing)合組(zu)織)在2003年(nian)(nian)提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),其(qi)內涵(han)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)某一災(zai)(zai)害發(fa)(fa)生后(hou),發(fa)(fa)生地(di)已無力控制災(zai)(zai)害造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞,必須借助外(wai)部力量才能(neng)進行處置(zhi)。例(li)如,1976年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐山地(di)震,1998年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)大(da)洪水。自(zi)(zi)(zi)2007年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)起施行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)指(zhi)引(試(shi)行)》規(gui)定保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司應當(dang)識(shi)別(bie)和(he)(he)(he)評估經(jing)營過程中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類主要(yao)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),包括:保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、市場風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信用(yong)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)操作風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)由(you)于(yu)對死亡率(lv)、疾病率(lv)、賠付率(lv)、退保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)等(deng)判斷不正確(que)導致(zhi)產品定價錯誤或者準備金提(ti)取不足(zu),再(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)安排不當(dang),非預期重(zhong)大(da)理(li)賠等(deng)造(zao)(zao)成損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)性(xing)(xing)。財產保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)產險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統業務, 企業 財產險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)類風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian), 自(zi)(zi)(zi)然 災(zai)(zai)害和(he)(he)(he)意(yi)(yi)外(wai)事故,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然災(zai)(zai)害中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨災(zai)(zai)具有更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞性(xing)(xing),對財產和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命構成很大(da)威(wei)脅。2007年(nian)(nian)全球人(ren)為(wei)和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然重(zhong)大(da)災(zai)(zai)害造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)高達(da)276億美元(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然災(zai)(zai)害233億美元(yuan)。2005年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)24日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“卡特(te)里娜”颶(ju)風(feng)(feng)造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)高達(da)380億美元(yuan)。2008年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)10日(ri)至2月(yue)(yue)6日(ri)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冰(bing)雪災(zai)(zai)害是(shi)(shi) 中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo) 自(zi)(zi)(zi)1954年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來最(zui)為(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冰(bing)雪災(zai)(zai)害天(tian)氣,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)西部及整個長(chang)江(jiang)流域共(gong)計(ji)19個省市自(zi)(zi)(zi)治區遭遇了(le)(le)50年(nian)(nian)難遇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)冰(bing)雪之(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)。此(ci)次受(shou)災(zai)(zai)面(mian)積之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)、受(shou) 影響(xiang) 人(ren)數之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)、損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)巨,出(chu)乎意(yi)(yi)料,災(zai)(zai)害所造(zao)(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)達(da)到1516.5億元(yuan)人(ren)民幣;2008年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)12日(ri)14時(shi)28分,在四川汶川縣發(fa)(fa)生里氏8級特(te)大(da)地(di)震,截至5月(yue)(yue)27日(ri),汶川地(di)震已造(zao)(zao)成6.8萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)遇難,36.5萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)受(shou)傷,累計(ji)失(shi)(shi)(shi)蹤2萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)人(ren),損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)巨大(da)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)上世紀開始,全球平均溫度上升了(le)(le)0.6度,自(zi)(zi)(zi)80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來,災(zai)(zai)害損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)呈增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)趨勢,我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨災(zai)(zai)頻率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)程度正在呈不斷上升趨勢,2008年(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間間隔不長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)次巨災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生,使個人(ren)、家庭、企業和(he)(he)(he) 社會(hui)(hui) 付出(chu)了(le)(le)慘痛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)價,社會(hui)(hui)對巨災(zai)(zai)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)勢必會(hui)(hui)有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高,對承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)巨災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產品需求也將會(hui)(hui)有一個顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。1995年(nian)(nian)日(ri)本神戶大(da)地(di)震一共(gong)摧毀了(le)(le)10萬(wan)(wan)棟房(fang)(fang)屋(wu),之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)日(ri)本各地(di)多(duo)次發(fa)(fa)生地(di)震。由(you)于(yu)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)倒塌不僅要(yao)負擔房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)貸(dai)款,還要(yao)承擔新建房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong),因此(ci)引發(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)居(ju)民購買地(di)震險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪潮,使地(di)震險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及率(lv)由(you)2.9%上升到了(le)(le)20%。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業應立(li)足(zu)于(yu)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li),通過產品創(chuang)新來滿足(zu)被災(zai)(zai)害激發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)消費需求,實現多(duo)贏。

二、建立以政府(fu)為主(zhu)導的巨災風險管理體(ti)系(xi)

巨災(zai)因其破壞力(li)巨大,導致的(de)(de)(de)直接損(sun)失(shi)極(ji)大,遠遠超出了商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)和償(chang)付能(neng)力(li)。1992年(nian)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)東(dong)南(nan)部發生的(de)(de)(de)andrew颶風造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)損(sun)失(shi)高達164億美(mei)(mei)元,就(jiu)導致了至少10家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司破產(chan)。從(cong)國(guo)(guo)際經驗來看,一般對(dui)于巨災(zai)都是由(you)政(zheng)府主導進行管理(li)。新西蘭(lan)是世界上第一個將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)險(xian)(xian)作為主要險(xian)(xian)種列入法(fa)定(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家,新西蘭(lan)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)委員(yuan)會設立(li)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)基金,一旦地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)災(zai)害發生,地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)委員(yuan)會負責法(fa)定(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)賠(pei)償(chang),商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司依據保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)合同負責超出法(fa)定(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)責任部分的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)賠(pei)償(chang)。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)加州的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)主要是由(you)州地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)局提供,墨(mo)西哥的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)附加于火險(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單上,有全額(e)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)戶負擔25%共保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、以(yi)火險(xian)(xian)金額(e)的(de)(de)(de)75%投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)等可供選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方式。

日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)體(ti)制(zhi)是以1964年新瀉地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)災害為契機,于(yu)1966年國會審議通(tong)過而建立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。與此同時,日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)還頒(ban)布了地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)關法(fa)規和地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)特(te)別(bie)(bie)(bie) 會計 法(fa)案,以確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利實(shi)施。該制(zhi)度規定以各(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)出資成(cheng)立(li)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si),專門(men)負責地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業務(wu)。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)度最(zui)終由(you)政府(fu)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)進行“再(zai)(zai)(zai)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,以分(fen)(fen)擔保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人可以到(dao)屬于(yu)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)成(cheng)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)任何一家普(pu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)購(gou)買(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),各(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)再(zai)(zai)(zai)將本(ben)(ben)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)賣出的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)到(dao)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)全額購(gou)買(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(稱(cheng)(cheng)為“a特(te)別(bie)(bie)(bie)簽約”),而地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)則將所(suo)有保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)購(gou)買(mai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)再(zai)(zai)(zai)分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)3個(ge)部(bu)分(fen)(fen),一部(bu)分(fen)(fen)向各(ge)(ge)普(pu)通(tong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)購(gou)買(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(稱(cheng)(cheng)為“b特(te)別(bie)(bie)(bie)簽約”);一部(bu)分(fen)(fen)向日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)政府(fu)購(gou)買(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(稱(cheng)(cheng)為“c特(te)別(bie)(bie)(bie)簽約”),最(zui)后一部(bu)分(fen)(fen)作(zuo)為自己承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)份額保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留。地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)政府(fu)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)三方來分(fen)(fen)擔。

自2007年(nian)11月1日起施行(xing)的(de)(de)《中華人(ren)民(min)共和(he)國(guo)突發(fa)事件(jian)應(ying)對法》第(di)二章(zhang)第(di)35條規定:“國(guo)家 發(fa)展(zhan) 保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)事業(ye),建立(li)國(guo)家財政(zheng)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)巨(ju)災(zai)(zai)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)體系,并鼓(gu)勵(li)單位(wei)和(he)公民(min)參加保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)”,《國(guo)務院關于保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)改革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)若(ruo)干意見》(國(guo)發(fa)[2006]23號)明確指出要“建立(li)國(guo)家財政(zheng)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)巨(ju)災(zai)(zai)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)體系”。筆者認為,我國(guo)應(ying)當建立(li)以政(zheng)府為主導,商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)再保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)為補充的(de)(de)多層(ceng)級的(de)(de)巨(ju)災(zai)(zai)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)擔(dan)機制。在財政(zheng)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)下建立(li)地(di)震(zhen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)金,并通(tong)過減免稅(shui)收等方式鼓(gu)勵(li)商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司開辦地(di)震(zhen)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務。

三、商業巨(ju)災保險產品(pin)的(de)設計及風險管控策略

(一(yi))開發地震附加險產品

面對被巨災喚起的(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)意識和保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)需求(qiu),保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司應(ying) 研究 開發適銷對路的(de)(de)產品擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)大商業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)覆蓋面,這對于(yu)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)大承保(bao)(bao)面,分散(san)風險(xian)(xian),提高保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)深度和密(mi)度,以(yi)及行業可(ke)持續的(de)(de) 發展 是極其重要的(de)(de)。例(li)(li)如(ru),對于(yu)涉及面很廣的(de)(de)家財險(xian)(xian),可(ke)通過在(zai)主(zhu)險(xian)(xian)基礎之上以(yi)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)展地(di)震責(ze)任的(de)(de)附(fu)加(jia)(jia)險(xian)(xian)方式予(yu)以(yi)承保(bao)(bao),且地(di)震附(fu)加(jia)(jia)險(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金額按主(zhu)險(xian)(xian)財產保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金額的(de)(de)一定(ding)比例(li)(li)確定(ding)。由于(yu)附(fu)加(jia)(jia)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)承保(bao)(bao)責(ze)任和厘定(ding)的(de)(de)費率是基于(yu)主(zhu)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)基礎之上,其內部存(cun)在(zai)風險(xian)(xian)因子之間(jian)的(de)(de)關(guan)聯性,在(zai)定(ding)價設計過程中應(ying)特別(bie)予(yu)以(yi)注意。

(二)制(zhi)定行業產品標準

目前(qian) 車(che)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、家(jia)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一般是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)除外責(ze)(ze)任(ren), 企(qi)業(ye) 財產(chan)(chan)(chan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需要(yao)擴展地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)附(fu)加(jia)條款,而人(ren)(ren)意(yi)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)一般包含地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)在內。有(you)關(guan)(guan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)或責(ze)(ze)任(ren)免(mian)除在不(bu)同類別的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)則各(ge)(ge)不(bu)相(xiang)同,需要(yao)行業(ye)根據慣例(li),制(zhi)訂不(bu)同類別產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)規(gui)范(fan)。哪類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)含地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)責(ze)(ze)任(ren),哪類是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以通過(guo)(guo)附(fu)加(jia)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)形式擴展承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),哪類是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)免(mian)責(ze)(ze)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng),建(jian)議保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)協(xie)會(hui)牽(qian)頭就財產(chan)(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)16類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)制(zhi)定(ding)各(ge)(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)規(gui)則,包括條款中(zhong)與(yu)巨(ju)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原生(sheng)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、次生(sheng)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、衍生(sheng)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)釋義,尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)免(mian)除中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)款項應統(tong)一制(zhi)定(ding)行業(ye)規(gui)范(fan),以避免(mian)理賠(pei)時(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)雙方(fang)(fang)發生(sheng)認識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)理解(jie)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差(cha)(cha),產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)糾紛,損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)當事人(ren)(ren)雙方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合法(fa)權益和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)關(guan)(guan)系。與(yu)此(ci)(ci)同時(shi),應加(jia)大產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)差(cha)(cha)異性的(de)(de)(de)(de) 社會(hui) 宣(xuan)傳力度(du)(du)(du),以免(mian)使投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)認識(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤區,便于(yu)在投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇,在出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)就損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)屬(shu)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)初步(bu)甄(zhen)別,有(you)利于(yu)提高保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)交易的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率。此(ci)(ci)外,需要(yao)對(dui)巨(ju)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)訂行業(ye)純損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失費(fei)(fei)(fei)率。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)定(ding)價(jia)最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)純損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失率的(de)(de)(de)(de)厘定(ding),由于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)至今尚無 科學 的(de)(de)(de)(de)精算(suan)基(ji)礎,加(jia)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發生(sheng)頻率低、烈(lie)度(du)(du)(du)高,并(bing)且損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失還取決(jue)于(yu)建(jian)筑物抗震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)強度(du)(du)(du),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節、時(shi)間(jian)段(duan)以及消防等(deng)(deng)(deng)諸多(duo)因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de) 影響 ,損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)預測難(nan)度(du)(du)(du)很高。這種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確定(ding)性,導(dao)致了(le)難(nan)以用常規(gui)統(tong)計 方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 確定(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)(fei)(fei)率,對(dui)合理厘定(ding)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失率帶來了(le)很大困(kun)難(nan)。常規(gui)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心 問(wen)題 是(shi)(shi)(shi)費(fei)(fei)(fei)率客(ke)觀合理,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心問(wen)題是(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)金積(ji)累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)(du)。墨西哥依照地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)結構(gou)在全國劃分7個保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)區,每(mei)個保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)區內又把投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)建(jian)筑劃分為(wei)(wei)6個等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji),這樣共有(you)42個基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)率,范(fan)圍自0.02%至0.533%,各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)修正系數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)修正范(fan)圍則在0.75~1.30之(zhi)間(jian)。再(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司要(yao)求保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司每(mei)年至少提供兩(liang)次相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)資(zi)訊,以隨時(shi)修正再(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)(fei)(fei)率。日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)再(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司和(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)研(yan)究機構(gou),通過(guo)(guo)對(dui)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)發生(sheng) 規(gui)律 和(he)(he)(he)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特征 分析 研(yan)究,對(dui)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)危險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了(le)評價(jia),并(bing)根據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)危險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性大小,將(jiang)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)劃分為(wei)(wei)4個等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji),并(bing)按此(ci)(ci)等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)確定(ding)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)費(fei)(fei)(fei)率。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率和(he)(he)(he)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失程度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)數(shu)(shu)值不(bu)同于(yu)普(pu)通災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)或意(yi)外事故(gu)容易獲得并(bing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)計分析和(he)(he)(he)假設。因(yin)此(ci)(ci),對(dui)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失數(shu)(shu)據資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)采集、挖掘、開發和(he)(he)(he) 應用 是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)所在。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行業(ye)應加(jia)強與(yu)國家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)局、中(zhong)央氣(qi)象臺等(deng)(deng)(deng)專業(ye)機構(gou)建(jian)立技術合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),對(dui)于(yu)各(ge)(ge)類 自然 災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 歷史 數(shu)(shu)據、近階段(duan)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)活動趨勢分析、巨(ju)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)及次生(sheng)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)衍生(sheng)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失開展評估,盡可能地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)了(le)解(jie)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率和(he)(he)(he)烈(lie)度(du)(du)(du),為(wei)(wei)厘定(ding)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)(fei)(fei)率提供可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據。

(三)考慮巨災產品(pin)服務的特殊(shu)性

巨(ju)災保(bao)(bao)險產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)有(you)別于常規(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin),在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設計(ji)過程中就(jiu)應考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)巨(ju)災發(fa)生時的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)(shu)情形(xing),對理賠(pei)(pei)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)被保(bao)(bao)險人(ren)義務等作出具有(you)特殊(shu)(shu)情形(xing)下可操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)條款規(gui)(gui)定,以便與保(bao)(bao)險公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)災理賠(pei)(pei)特殊(shu)(shu)作業(ye)流程相匹配(pei)。例(li)如,對于索賠(pei)(pei)時保(bao)(bao)險合同(tong)無(wu)法提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti),預付賠(pei)(pei)款的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,是否(fou)可以不(bu)在保(bao)(bao)險公司認定的(de)(de)(de)(de) 醫院 救(jiu)治(zhi)等等,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)開發(fa)設計(ji)階段就(jiu)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)使被保(bao)(bao)險人(ren)或受益人(ren)在巨(ju)災發(fa)生能夠得到(dao)快速(su)救(jiu)治(zhi)和(he)快速(su)理賠(pei)(pei)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)合同(tong)規(gui)(gui)定。家財險中最(zui)好能設計(ji)房屋被毀壞后,安置居所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每日補貼經費,使產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設計(ji)更加人(ren)性化。

(四)加強(qiang)巨(ju)災產品的銷售管理

《中華(hua)人民共(gong)和(he)國保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》(以下(xia)簡稱《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》)第四(si)章第99條(tiao)(tiao)規定(ding)(ding):“經(jing)(jing)營財產(chan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)當年(nian)自(zi)留保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費,不(bu)得超過(guo)(guo)其(qi)實(shi)有資本金加(jia)(jia)公(gong)積(ji)金總和(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)倍”,《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》第四(si)章第100條(tiao)(tiao)規定(ding)(ding):“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)對(dui)每一(yi)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)單位(wei)(wei),即(ji)對(dui)一(yi)次保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事(shi)故可(ke)能(neng)(neng)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大損失(shi)(shi)范(fan)圍(wei)所承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任,不(bu)得超過(guo)(guo)其(qi)實(shi)有資本金加(jia)(jia)公(gong)積(ji)金總和(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百分(fen)之(zhi)十;超過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen),應(ying)(ying)當辦理再(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,如果(guo)在(zai)實(shi)際操作中不(bu)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)既定(ding)(ding)產(chan)品保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障范(fan)圍(wei)和(he)費率浮(fu)動范(fan)圍(wei)內操作,將使前期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品設計(ji)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)形同(tong)虛(xu)設,過(guo)(guo)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)費率將使分(fen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)受影響,積(ji)聚過(guo)(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)災(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),對(dui)承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)乃至(zhi)行業(ye)造成(cheng)威(wei)脅(xie)。同(tong)時,關(guan)于(yu)(yu)巨(ju)災(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》第四(si)章第101條(tiao)(tiao)規定(ding)(ding):“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)對(dui)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 計(ji)算 辦法和(he)巨(ju)災(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)排(pai)計(ji)劃,應(ying)(ying)當報經(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監督管理機(ji)構(gou)(gou)核準。”保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)關(guan)法規,從自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)償付能(neng)(neng)力出(chu)發,在(zai)優化業(ye)務(wu)結構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中,調整產(chan)品結構(gou)(gou)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)結構(gou)(gou),確定(ding)(ding)年(nian)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理政策,確定(ding)(ding)對(dui)包(bao)括巨(ju)災(zai)在(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)各類風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容忍度,進而(er)落實(shi)在(zai)產(chan)品策略、銷售策略、核保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)政策之(zhi)中。同(tong)時,應(ying)(ying)當與(yu)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)災(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)咨(zi)詢(xun)公(gong)司(si)合作,引入地震巨(ju)災(zai)模(mo)型,模(mo)擬測算不(bu)同(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)級所可(ke)能(neng)(neng)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大損失(shi)(shi),科學地應(ying)(ying)用(yong)再(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)技術來鎖定(ding)(ding)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)災(zai)損失(shi)(shi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證整體(ti)經(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性,形成(cheng)連續的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管控鏈(lian),確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)總體(ti)經(jing)(jing)營風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)可(ke)控制(zhi)狀態(tai)。

(五)加強巨災的(de)防(fang)災防(fang)損

在地(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中,應當樹立和強(qiang)化“防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)重于(yu)(yu)賠”的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)災(zai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)損理(li)念(nian),通過(guo)(guo)改(gai)善社會(hui)基礎管理(li)工(gong)作,從根本(ben)(ben)上(shang)降(jiang)低財產和人(ren)身的(de)(de)出險(xian)(xian)率及損失程度(du)。例(li)如,1995年1月17日發(fa)生的(de)(de)日本(ben)(ben)神戶大(da)地(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen),神戶市(shi)(shi)內超過(guo)(guo)80%的(de)(de)死者是由于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物倒(dao)塌。地(di)(di)震(zhen)(zhen)后,日本(ben)(ben)政府先后3次對(dui)(dui)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基準法》加以修訂,大(da)大(da)提(ti)高了(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物抗震(zhen)(zhen)設計的(de)(de)級別,從根本(ben)(ben)上(shang)提(ti)高了(le)社會(hui)抵御巨災(zai)的(de)(de)能力。1998年3月1日起施行的(de)(de)《中華人(ren)民共和國(guo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)震(zhen)(zhen)減災(zai)法》第三(san)章第17條規(gui)定:“新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)、改(gai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)程,必須(xu)達到抗震(zhen)(zhen)設防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)要求。”全社會(hui)應重視(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)災(zai)救災(zai)規(gui)劃,減輕災(zai)害發(fa)生后的(de)(de)損失程度(du),抗災(zai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)災(zai)規(gui)劃包括城市(shi)(shi)生命線(xian)規(gui)劃(水、電、氣、 交通 、通訊(xun))以及醫(yi)院和學校等重點工(gong)程。保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司應加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)承保(bao)的(de)(de)重點單位、企業(ye)的(de)(de)房屋、廠房、庫房等定期進(jin)行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)災(zai)安全檢(jian)查,向客戶提(ti)示風(feng)險(xian)(xian),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)患于(yu)(yu)未(wei)然(ran),降(jiang)低出險(xian)(xian)率。

(六)完善保險(xian)單證的信息要(yao)素(su)