導語(yu)：高(gao)中歷史課史料教學模式分(fen)析一文來源于網友(you)上傳，不代表本站觀點(dian)，若需要(yao)原(yuan)創文章可咨詢客服老(lao)師，歡(huan)迎(ying)參考(kao)。

摘要：史料是學生學習歷史知識的主要載體和媒介，在高中歷史教學中構建和應用史料教學模式，不但有利于豐富歷史課堂教學資源，也能切實增強學生的史料實證和時空觀念素養，驅動學生歷史解釋能力的和諧發展。文章主要探討高中歷史課中史料教學模式(shi)的(de)實施價(jia)值(zhi)，從史(shi)(shi)料的(de)選擇(ze)、史(shi)(shi)料的(de)靈活運用、史(shi)(shi)料探究方式(shi)的(de)創新、史(shi)(shi)料的(de)歸納總結四個方面，論述(shu)史(shi)(shi)料教(jiao)學模式(shi)的(de)具體實施策(ce)略，旨在為廣大教(jiao)師提高歷史(shi)(shi)教(jiao)學有效(xiao)性提供(gong)參考(kao)。

關鍵詞：高中歷(li)史；史料(liao)教學(xue)；教學(xue)資(zi)源；價(jia)值策略

史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)場景非常廣泛，具有極(ji)為優越的(de)(de)(de)導趣和(he)導學(xue)(xue)作用(yong)，教(jiao)師合(he)理應用(yong)史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，能(neng)夠將(jiang)課(ke)(ke)本上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)知識(shi)變(bian)得生(sheng)(sheng)動形象，從而有效培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)批判研讀史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)客觀解(jie)釋歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)思維品質。因(yin)此，教(jiao)師應當明晰史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式在高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施價值(zhi)，落實(shi)史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)搜集和(he)甄選工作，將(jiang)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)程與(yu)史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)銜接起來，開(kai)展新穎的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)探究活動，引導學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)認識(shi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)，增強學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)素養(yang)。下(xia)面對(dui)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式展開(kai)探索。

一、高中歷史課史料教學模式的實施價值

高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)指根據歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課程(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)點，引(yin)入(ru)相對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、種類(lei)(lei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，引(yin)領學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)展(zhan)開分(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)討論(lun)，從(cong)中(zhong)揭示人(ren)類(lei)(lei)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀(guan)規律，幫(bang)助(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)建(jian)立正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯物史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)觀(guan)。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)是學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)通往歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“傳送門”，借助(zhu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)輕(qing)松掌握歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)識(shi)。通過對(dui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)解讀，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)思辨和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)精神都(dou)能(neng)獲(huo)得發(fa)展(zhan)。高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課運用(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)以(yi)(yi)下實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)價值。第(di)(di)一，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)喚(huan)醒學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)探究(jiu)興趣。興趣是學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)好歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先決條件，部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)識(shi)存(cun)在枯燥、晦(hui)澀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印象，在歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)態度較為(wei)被動。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)將史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)應用(yong)于高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，最(zui)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)就是能(neng)夠喚(huan)醒學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)探究(jiu)興趣。從(cong)構建(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)理(li)論(lun)來(lai)說(shuo)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應該從(cong)已有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)經驗(yan)(yan)出發(fa)，將已有(you)經驗(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)新事(shi)物、新材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)結合(he)起來(lai)獲(huo)取(qu)信(xin)息，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)認識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成和(he)(he)構建(jian)過程(cheng)(cheng)。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)就是源于學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)已有(you)經驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)利用(yong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀錄片、圖片、口(kou)述(shu)(shu)等形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)設歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情(qing)境，使歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)識(shi)變得更加生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動、直觀(guan)，從(cong)而(er)消(xiao)解學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)解障礙(ai)，增強學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動性。第(di)(di)二(er)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)培育學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)素(su)(su)養。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)是高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培育重點，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)著力實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)，對(dui)提高(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)素(su)(su)養大有(you)裨益。如(ru)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)明材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或證(zheng)據，引(yin)導學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)相關史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)展(zhan)開批判性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推斷和(he)(he)解釋，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直接、清晰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解，從(cong)而(er)養成良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)論(lun)證(zheng)習(xi)慣(guan)，避(bi)免對(dui)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因果、趨向(xiang)、影響等人(ren)云亦云。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)圍繞歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)件和(he)(he)人(ren)物，自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)搜(sou)集或合(he)作(zuo)搜(sou)集有(you)關史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，并結合(he)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)論(lun)述(shu)(shu)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)概念(nian)，從(cong)而(er)使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)充(chong)分(fen)理(li)解歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)過程(cheng)(cheng)，充(chong)分(fen)強化和(he)(he)完(wan)善學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)證(zheng)素(su)(su)養。第(di)(di)三，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)增強學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)意識(shi)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必須置身于真實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)情(qing)景下，從(cong)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會環境出發(fa)，識(shi)記(ji)和(he)(he)梳(shu)理(li)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)進過程(cheng)(cheng)，然而(er)部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)只依(yi)靠機械記(ji)憶法，欠缺時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)觀(guan)念(nian)。在高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式(shi)，最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)就是可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)增強學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)意識(shi)。時(shi)(shi)間和(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)間是史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)基本信(xin)息，無(wu)論(lun)何種類(lei)(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，都(dou)具有(you)密切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)關聯(lian)，因此教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)在歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)借助(zhu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，幫(bang)助(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從(cong)時(shi)(shi)間和(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)間兩個(ge)角度切入(ru)，識(shi)記(ji)和(he)(he)掌握鮮(xian)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)應用(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，引(yin)導學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反向(xiang)剖析(xi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)件產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會背景和(he)(he)人(ren)文(wen)地理(li)特征，從(cong)而(er)促使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)樹立時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)觀(guan)念(nian)，進而(er)有(you)效(xiao)提升歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量(liang)。

二、高中歷史課史料教學模式的實施策略

（一(yi)）明(ming)確(que)(que)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，根據歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)需要合理選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實施史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)，明(ming)確(que)(que)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)、有(you)效(xiao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)第一(yi)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經過(guo)漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演變(bian)和(he)(he)發展，流傳下來多(duo)種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)印記，歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師必須(xu)先掌握現(xian)有(you)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常見(jian)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，然后分析歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，優(you)先選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)具有(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)補充作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，這樣既能(neng)起到(dao)(dao)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)視野的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，也能(neng)避免史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)舍近求遠，從而(er)保(bao)障史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功用(yong)(yong)發揮。1.明(ming)確(que)(que)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，建立史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)素材(cai)(cai)庫史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)按照形(xing)式(shi)劃分，主要有(you)文(wen)字(zi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)非文(wen)字(zi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)兩種(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)文(wen)字(zi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以細(xi)化為(wei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)文(wen)獻(xian)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術著(zhu)作(zuo)、檔案文(wen)書(shu)、文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)作(zuo)品、報紙雜志(zhi)、碑銘石(shi)刻等。非文(wen)字(zi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)不能(neng)通過(guo)文(wen)字(zi)記錄和(he)(he)反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，或是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)他形(xing)式(shi)反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具象史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以細(xi)化為(wei)圖像類(lei)(lei)(lei)、實物(wu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、口(kou)述(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖像類(lei)(lei)(lei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)包括紀(ji)錄片(pian)、照片(pian)等影像實錄；實物(wu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)主要是(shi)(shi)古(gu)代文(wen)物(wu)，如(ru)(ru)農具、錢(qian)幣、服(fu)飾(shi)、建筑、壁畫等；口(kou)述(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)民間流傳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)俗、歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)信(xin)息口(kou)述(shu)回憶、方(fang)言和(he)(he)口(kou)碑傳說，等等。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師掌握常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)后，還應該(gai)建立史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)素材(cai)(cai)庫，比如(ru)(ru)在(zai)備(bei)(bei)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)階段，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以在(zai)互聯網平臺，搜集整理多(duo)種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字(zi)和(he)(he)非文(wen)字(zi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，利用(yong)(yong)多(duo)種(zhong)信(xin)息工(gong)具編輯成多(duo)媒(mei)體史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)件，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以直接上傳到(dao)(dao)云(yun)空(kong)間，讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)余時間自主預習(xi)，從而(er)為(wei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施奠定基(ji)礎［1］。2.以歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)為(wei)本(ben)位，合理選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂實際教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)(he)應用(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師應該(gai)堅持以教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，合理、恰當地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。比如(ru)(ru)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已經提供(gong)了比較完備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)文(wen)獻(xian)和(he)(he)文(wen)物(wu)圖片(pian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師就(jiu)(jiu)應該(gai)優(you)先帶領(ling)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)分析教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，避免摻入過(guo)多(duo)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)而(er)擾(rao)亂(luan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意力(li)。再(zai)如(ru)(ru)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對一(yi)些歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)較少(shao)，或是(shi)(shi)內容(rong)不全面，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以在(zai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)該(gai)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)經歷(li)、成就(jiu)(jiu)、墓志(zhi)銘等作(zuo)為(wei)補充史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)(cai)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)整合到(dao)(dao)一(yi)起呈現(xian)給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)，促使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)立體地(di)認識歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)，達到(dao)(dao)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)［2］。

（二）靈活運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，依托歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)穿插(cha)(cha)引(yin)入(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)對(dui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)把握。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每個歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維狀態和(he)(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習需求是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)不相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不同教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)夠發(fa)(fa)揮不同作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。因(yin)此(ci)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，應(ying)該(gai)綜合(he)考慮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)情和(he)(he)(he)(he)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)規程，依托歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)穿插(cha)(cha)引(yin)入(ru)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，不必局(ju)限(xian)于(yu)(yu)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式(shi)或(huo)(huo)方法，要(yao)確保史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活性，從(cong)(cong)而借助史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)攻克(ke)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程重難點(dian)，鍛(duan)煉學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)品格(ge)，具(ju)體(ti)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)策(ce)略如(ru)下。1.在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趣味性，決定著(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整節(jie)(jie)(jie)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思維活力(li)，所以導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)。歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之初，應(ying)盡量采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多媒體(ti)工(gong)具(ju)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，如(ru)根據歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)，播放一(yi)段民(min)間(jian)歌謠或(huo)(huo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀錄(lu)片，指導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)認真聆聽和(he)(he)(he)(he)觀(guan)看，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)解(jie)多媒體(ti)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)后(hou)(hou)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)乘機(ji)提(ti)出(chu)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問(wen)題(ti)：“同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們(men)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)老師(shi)提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)歌謠和(he)(he)(he)(he)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀錄(lu)片中(zhong)(zhong)，你能(neng)獲取(qu)哪些有(you)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息？”學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)結合(he)多媒體(ti)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開熱烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)，之后(hou)(hou)會(hui)回答史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)蘊(yun)藏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年代、歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)、人物信(xin)息。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)可(ke)以追問(wen)：“那(nei)么(me)這(zhe)段史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程究竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)怎樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呢(ni)？”對(dui)于(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)問(wen)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探究興(xing)趣會(hui)被調動激發(fa)(fa)，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)就(jiu)可(ke)以借此(ci)揭示(shi)(shi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主題(ti)，從(cong)(cong)而達到史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)導(dao)趣、導(dao)思、導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)［3］。2.在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳播歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載體(ti)，所以教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)，應(ying)該(gai)將(jiang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)作(zuo)為主要(yao)講解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)講解(jie)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)可(ke)以將(jiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外搜集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)一(yi)并(bing)(bing)出(chu)示(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)白(bai)板屏幕(mu)上，然后(hou)(hou)組織學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)合(he)作(zuo)研讀、觀(guan)看史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)初步(bu)認知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)后(hou)(hou)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)接(jie)著(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)出(chu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)分(fen)析(xi)問(wen)題(ti)，問(wen)題(ti)要(yao)結合(he)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)來設計(ji)，如(ru)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程要(yao)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)了(le)解(jie)某(mou)個歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)商(shang)業(ye)繁(fan)榮(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，那(nei)么(me)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)可(ke)以提(ti)問(wen)：“同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們(men)，依據課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)(nei)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，大家認為該(gai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)商(shang)業(ye)大繁(fan)榮(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)？”在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)析(xi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)需要(yao)點(dian)撥(bo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，從(cong)(cong)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疆(jiang)域、國家統治情況、農業(ye)手工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)情況、道(dao)路(lu)水(shui)利(li)交(jiao)(jiao)通，以及商(shang)業(ye)交(jiao)(jiao)易的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幣種、當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品交(jiao)(jiao)易制(zhi)度(du)等方面展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開思考。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)探討(tao)并(bing)(bing)闡述(shu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)觀(guan)點(dian)后(hou)(hou)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)再指導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)反(fan)映的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，進行具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)說明，比(bi)如(ru)哪則史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)反(fan)映了(le)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農業(ye)、手工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)速進步(bu)，哪幅圖片表現了(le)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陸路(lu)、水(shui)路(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利(li)程度(du)等，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)一(yi)對(dui)應(ying)解(jie)析(xi)商(shang)業(ye)繁(fan)榮(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多重原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掌握歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率就(jiu)能(neng)夠大幅提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，并(bing)(bing)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)分(fen)析(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)形成良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思辨能(neng)力(li)。3.在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)，史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)也(ye)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)檢驗(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)效(xiao)果(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)可(ke)以出(chu)示(shi)(shi)兩三則課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布置(zhi)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)任務：“同學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們(men)，請大家分(fen)組合(he)作(zuo)，說明這(zhe)幾則史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。”有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)認為史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)反(fan)映了(le)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)或(huo)(huo)間(jian)接(jie)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，還(huan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)表示(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)傳達出(chu)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)對(dui)后(hou)(hou)世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)下，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)能(neng)夠活學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)概念。再如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)階(jie)段，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)也(ye)可(ke)以將(jiang)互聯網平臺開放給(gei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立足教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)人物，自主搜集課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)搜集并(bing)(bing)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)后(hou)(hou)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)再讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相互評價(jia)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)性，看其與教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否契(qi)合(he)，從(cong)(cong)而鍛(duan)煉學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)篩選(xuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)信(xin)息資(zi)源整合(he)技能(neng)，并(bing)(bing)檢驗(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)深度(du)，進而實(shi)現史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)各(ge)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

（三）創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)，基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)中歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)不斷(duan)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)方式。角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)符合學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)興(xing)趣和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)行(xing)為特(te)征，因此教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)相結(jie)(jie)合，帶(dai)給學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)新(xin)(xin)穎(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)體(ti)驗，同時(shi)能夠深化學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對真實(shi)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情景(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感知(zhi)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)方式時(shi)，應(ying)該基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)活(huo)動，組(zu)織學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)用歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情景(jing)(jing)劇(ju)演(yan)(yan)繹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式，重(zhong)現(xian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)所反(fan)映的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)利用史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)開(kai)展(zhan)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)活(huo)動時(shi)，應(ying)首先為學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提供充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)依據，引導學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)主(zhu)動參(can)與(yu)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情景(jing)(jing)劇(ju)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)。如(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)探(tan)討(tao)某項君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)影響(xiang)時(shi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)先在(zai)(zai)(zai)白板(ban)上展(zhan)示文字形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文獻，如(ru)(ru)有關(guan)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策文書拓片(pian)；然(ran)后播放史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)還(huan)原(yuan)度高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影視劇(ju)片(pian)段(duan)，引導學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)關(guan)聯史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材概念，了(le)解君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)措施(shi)。接著教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)發布(bu)以(yi)(yi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為基(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)任務：“同學(xue)(xue)們，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)項君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制下，假如(ru)(ru)你是當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)員、商人、平民、書生(sheng)，你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)會(hui)受到哪些影響(xiang)？請大(da)家參(can)考史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，分組(zu)編排(pai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情景(jing)(jing)劇(ju)。”這(zhe)樣(yang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)就會(hui)投入角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)活(huo)動中，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)啟發學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)結(jie)(jie)合君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)，對自己所扮(ban)演(yan)(yan)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)、境遇(yu)展(zhan)開(kai)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯想和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，每(mei)個(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)臺(tai)詞中要(yao)(yao)體(ti)現(xian)出社會(hui)環境和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)人物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真情實(shi)感。最后教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)應(ying)組(zu)織各組(zu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)編排(pai)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)劇(ju)目(mu)，交流共享對君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)結(jie)(jie)果，這(zhe)樣(yang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)就能更好地理解史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，從而實(shi)現(xian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)開(kai)展(zhan)［4］。

（四）加強史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，培(pei)育(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)納(na)和(he)(he)反(fan)思(si)意識(shi)(shi)在高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課中(zhong)引(yin)入(ru)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)對知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)進(jin)行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)納(na)、總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)反(fan)思(si)是不(bu)(bu)可(ke)或缺(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)。通常(chang)在一(yi)(yi)節歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課中(zhong)，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)會帶領學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)析多(duo)則不(bu)(bu)同(tong)類型的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)需(xu)要識(shi)(shi)記的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)點和(he)(he)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)論非常(chang)多(duo)，容易出現記憶不(bu)(bu)牢固或者遺忘等現象(xiang)。因此，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)實施史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)該加強對史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)歸(gui)納(na)，引(yin)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料進(jin)行總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)梳理(li)，從(cong)而培(pei)育(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)納(na)和(he)(he)反(fan)思(si)意識(shi)(shi)。教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)在歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課上(shang)開(kai)展史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)該先把整節課分(fen)析過的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料，全(quan)部出示在電子白板(ban)上(shang)，讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)成小(xiao)組合作回(hui)顧一(yi)(yi)遍。隨后，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)提出史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)問(wen)題：“同(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們，本課研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)每則史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料，分(fen)別傳達出哪些(xie)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現象(xiang)或信息？大(da)家解讀史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料得出的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)論是什么？”學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對課堂史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料探(tan)究(jiu)展開(kai)歸(gui)納(na)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，每反(fan)饋一(yi)(yi)個總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觀點，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)都將(jiang)其記錄(lu)在白板(ban)對應(ying)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料的(de)(de)(de)下方。待學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)完(wan)畢(bi)，白板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)脈絡已經(jing)十分(fen)清晰和(he)(he)完(wan)整。教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以讓學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)主(zhu)瀏覽，如果(guo)有(you)理(li)解不(bu)(bu)透徹的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料，要鼓勵學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)膽發(fa)問(wen)，師(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)共同(tong)解疑(yi)答問(wen)和(he)(he)查(cha)缺(que)(que)補漏。接下來，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料展開(kai)反(fan)思(si)：“同(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)們，在這些(xie)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料中(zhong)，大(da)家收獲(huo)了哪些(xie)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)教(jiao)訓？”在學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交流和(he)(he)反(fan)思(si)期間，教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以引(yin)導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從(cong)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事件的(de)(de)(de)意義、影響出發(fa)，聯系(xi)當代生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活闡述從(cong)中(zhong)獲(huo)取的(de)(de)(de)道理(li)和(he)(he)啟示，從(cong)而培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為鑒(jian)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)維(wei)品質，增強史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)實施質量和(he)(he)效果(guo)［5］。

三、結語

在高(gao)中(zhong)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)中(zhong)實(shi)施史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)教(jiao)學(xue)模式，不僅可以激發學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)探(tan)究興趣，也能顯著提高(gao)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)實(shi)證素養，還有助于增強(qiang)(qiang)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)時空(kong)意識。因此歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)師應該明確史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)類型，根據歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)需要(yao)合理選擇史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)，重視對(dui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)活(huo)運用(yong)，擇取最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)堂教(jiao)學(xue)環節和時機穿插引入課(ke)外史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)，同時基于史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)開展歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)角色(se)扮(ban)演等(deng)活(huo)動，引導學(xue)生(sheng)加強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歸納總結和反思，從而(er)全面達(da)成史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)教(jiao)學(xue)模式的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效、創(chuang)新應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。

作(zuo)者(zhe):丁志賢 單位:甘肅省(sheng)張掖中學(xue)