摘要：消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)整體建筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)特殊單(dan)元，對消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)，無(wu)論是(shi)資質取證、年度檢查，還是(shi)作業現場的(de)(de)(de)監督等諸多方面等都面臨(lin)著新的(de)(de)(de)課題,而理(li)順消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)基本問題,規范、凈化消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)市場，應是(shi)目前(qian)強化消防(fang)(fang)監督、注重專(zhuan)(zhuan)業管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)當務之(zhi)急(ji)。

關鍵(jian)詞：質(zhi)量(liang)責任(ren)、規(gui)范管理(li)、優質(zhi)優價(jia)

規范施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)資格(ge)是消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監督機構(gou)加強消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)、維(wei)護(hu)(hu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)秩序、保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)安(an)全(quan)、促進消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)發展的(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手段之一。為此，各消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)總隊(dui)都抽調了(le)(le)(le)技術(shu)骨干，專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)門成(cheng)立消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辦公機構(gou)。行(xing)(xing)使對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位進行(xing)(xing)統一監督管(guan)理(li)，負(fu)責對專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)資格(ge)認定、技術(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)培訓、考核(he)、年(nian)檢晉級(ji)、降(jiang)級(ji)、違章處理(li)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，實行(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資格(ge)許可、宏觀調控、現場(chang)(chang)稽查的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作模式(shi)。各消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)總隊(dui)為進一步強化(hua)資質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)動態管(guan)理(li)，改(gai)善企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)經營方(fang)式(shi)，確保消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟效益的(de)穩步提高作了(le)(le)(le)大(da)量的(de)卓有成(cheng)效的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。以北(bei)(bei)京(jing)為例，自1992年(nian)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)開始對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實行(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)許可和(he)資質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注冊以來，至(zhi)今(jin)已有8年(nian)之久。93年(nian)由(you)我(wo)局和(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)委兩家(jia)(jia)共同審批(pi)了(le)(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)5家(jia)(jia)。之后，隨著本市(shi)(shi)(shi)基建(jian)(jian)規模的(de)擴(kuo)大(da)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)不斷擴(kuo)大(da)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)也隨之不斷擴(kuo)大(da)，94年(nian)至(zhi)97年(nian)每(mei)年(nian)以10至(zhi)15家(jia)(jia)的(de)速(su)度遞(di)增(zeng)，加上98年(nian)以后新(xin)審批(pi)調整(zheng)的(de)，目前北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)共有150多(duo)家(jia)(jia)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。應該說，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)安(an)裝施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中確實體(ti)現了(le)(le)(le)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設(she)計、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)的(de)明(ming)顯優勢，為提高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量、保障首(shou)都消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)作出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)很大(da)努力，很大(da)貢獻。但伴隨著消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)的(de)不斷擴(kuo)大(da)和(he)用戶對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、維(wei)護(hu)(hu)等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求越來越高，北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)內部(bu)管(guan)理(li)上、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量責任上、依法從事消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)方(fang)面也遇到了(le)(le)(le)一些新(xin)的(de)問題和(he)困(kun)難，筆(bi)者認為有必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作一簡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)說明(ming)和(he)探討(tao)。

一、關于(yu)質(zhi)量責(ze)任問(wen)題

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)是構(gou)成建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)的基本(ben)單元，因其(qi)專(zhuan)業要(yao)(yao)求嚴和技術(shu)含(han)量大而直接關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)到(dao)整個(ge)建筑(zhu)物體的消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安全，關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)到(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)滅火(huo)的成敗。因此(ci)質(zhi)量責任非同(tong)尋常(chang)、至關(guan)(guan)(guan)重要(yao)(yao)，必須給(gei)予極大的關(guan)(guan)(guan)注。《建筑(zhu)法》、《消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)法》和公安部(bu)（96）30號令(ling)《建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)督審核管理規定(ding)》等法規文(wen)件都明確規定(ding)了要(yao)(yao)對消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)行消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)督、專(zhuan)業許可。消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業設計、施(shi)工(gong)以(yi)及監(jian)(jian)理是整體建筑(zhu)設計、施(shi)工(gong)等的專(zhuan)項工(gong)程(cheng)，可以(yi)說是比其(qi)他專(zhuan)項工(gong)程(cheng)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)重要(yao)(yao)的特殊工(gong)程(cheng)，那么相關(guan)(guan)(guan)各(ge)方的質(zhi)量責任如何呢(ni)？

首先，建設(she)單位(wei)（或者叫業主放方）應當將建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發包(bao)給具有相應資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業。在依(yi)法(fa)委托建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理時，須(xu)(xu)將建筑的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量一并委托給監理單位(wei)。須(xu)(xu)按消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)要求(qiu)(qiu)采購設(she)備，不應指(zhi)使(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業使(shi)用(yong)不合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)產(chan)品。應當按照國(guo)家工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)防(fang)火技術(shu)規(gui)范等(deng)要求(qiu)(qiu)報送消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙等(deng)文件資(zi)(zi)料，重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目還要專送消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)專篇。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，建設(she)單位(wei)必須(xu)(xu)建立(li)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量檔(dang)案。

摘要(yao)：消(xiao)防(fang)報警及其聯動控(kong)制系統工(gong)程是構成建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程的(de)基(ji)本(ben)單(dan)元(yuan)，因(yin)其專業要(yao)求嚴、技術含(han)量高而直接(jie)關系到(dao)整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑物體的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)安全(quan)，關系到(dao)防(fang)火滅火的(de)成敗。《建(jian)(jian)筑法》、《消(xiao)防(fang)法》和公(gong)安部、建(jian)(jian)設部的(de)有(you)關法規文件都明確規定了要(yao)對(dui)消(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程實行消(xiao)防(fang)監督、專業許可制……

關鍵詞：智(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)消防工程檢測(ce)驗收(shou)

1消防(fang)工程(cheng)檢測(ce)驗收的(de)意義

消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)報警及(ji)其聯動控制系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)構(gou)成(cheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的基本單元，因其專(zhuan)業(ye)要求嚴、技(ji)術含(han)量高(gao)而直接關系(xi)到(dao)(dao)整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物體的消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安全，關系(xi)到(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)滅火(huo)的成(cheng)敗。《建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)法(fa)(fa)》、《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)》和公(gong)(gong)安部(bu)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)部(bu)的有關法(fa)(fa)規(gui)文件都明確規(gui)定了要對(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監督、專(zhuan)業(ye)許可(ke)制。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)設(she)計、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、監理、檢測、驗(yan)(yan)收是(shi)整體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等的專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，可(ke)以說是(shi)比其他(ta)專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)還要獨(du)立的特(te)殊(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。同(tong)時(shi)，也是(shi)計算機(ji)、網絡、控制、通信等各種(zhong)技(ji)術在智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中的集中應用和體現(xian)，是(shi)構(gou)筑(zhu)樓(lou)宇(yu)自控系(xi)統(tong)等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)智(zhi)能(neng)化系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)可(ke)缺少的重要組成(cheng)部(bu)分《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)》明確指出，按照國家工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)技(ji)術標準進行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，必須(xu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)安消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)機(ji)構(gou)進行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)驗(yan)(yan)收。未經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)收或(huo)(huo)驗(yan)(yan)收不(bu)合格(ge)的，不(bu)得投入使(shi)用。經(jing)(jing)(jing)過建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)審(shen)核(he)的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)未經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)收或(huo)(huo)驗(yan)(yan)收不(bu)合格(ge)擅自開(kai)業(ye)的將被視作(zuo)違反(fan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)令(ling)的行(xing)為(wei)，將會受到(dao)(dao)行(xing)政處罰。由專(zhuan)業(ye)的消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)檢測機(ji)構(gou)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)嚴格(ge)的功能(neng)指標檢測，公(gong)(gong)安消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)機(ji)構(gou)提供必須(xu)的驗(yan)(yan)收數據，確保驗(yan)(yan)收工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)順(shun)利進行(xing)。

維護(hu)發包方(fang)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)以及使用者(zhe)等相關方(fang)的的經(jing)濟利益(yi)，做好消防(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的檢(jian)測工(gong)(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)任何一(yi)方(fang)維護(hu)權利和(he)履行(xing)(xing)義務的法律依據。建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)消防(fang)設施(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測驗收(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)整個建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)綜合(he)驗收(shou)必須而且重要(yao)的組成部分(fen)。建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)消防(fang)設施(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測驗收(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)確保消防(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在實施(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)嚴格(ge)按有關規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)范進行(xing)(xing)實施(shi)(shi)的保證(zheng)措施(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。

2順利驗收(shou)的(de)基(ji)本條件

編者按(an)：本文主(zhu)(zhu)要從消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)燃燒學(xue)(xue)說和火災科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)；消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式分(fen)(fen)析；權(quan)威消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)期(qi)刊(kan)、研究(jiu)生教育、實驗室(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設與(yu)(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；結語進行(xing)論述。其中，主(zhu)(zhu)要包括(kuo)：消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)中國已經初步(bu)完成(cheng)了自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)燃燒學(xue)(xue)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、火災科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)興起和發展與(yu)(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)再(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式分(fen)(fen)析、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式、權(quan)威消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)期(qi)刊(kan)、研究(jiu)生教育與(yu)(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重(zhong)點實驗室(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設促使(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)再(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)、術(shu)(shu)權(quan)威模式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)火災科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)(yu)權(quan)利模式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)“消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)”開始相互(hu)滲透等，具體(ti)請詳見。

[摘要(yao)]消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)基本上已完(wan)成了自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)。筆者以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)為切入點，分析(xi)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)消防(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)及其驅動模式；同時基于學(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)期(qi)刊在科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)事(shi)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地位和歷史作用的(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，探討了學(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)雜(za)志與消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)關系，認(ren)(ren)為創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)權威(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)雜(za)志、進(jin)行研究生(sheng)教育(yu)是(shi)使消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)更加完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)條件(jian)之一(yi)；指出中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)設置已不適應(ying)該學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀，需(xu)要(yao)調整學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)設置；認(ren)(ren)為消防(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)正面臨著(zhu)自(zi)身(shen)再(zai)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇。筆者強調，我國(guo)(guo)火災(zai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點實驗(yan)室的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)火災(zai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)興起，不僅標志著(zhu)消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)知識體系的(de)(de)(de)形成，而且(qie)使發(fa)端于權力(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)具備(bei)了學(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)權威(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)或(huo)再(zai)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)結構。

[關鍵詞]消防(fang)；學科建(jian)制；實驗室；同行評議

1消防(fang)工程(cheng)的學科建制與氧化燃燒學說和火(huo)災科學的建立

消防(fang)工(gong)(gong)程學科在中(zhong)國已(yi)經(jing)初步完成了自身(shen)的(de)(de)建制(zhi)過程。回顧(gu)這段簡短的(de)(de)歷(li)史，人們會(hui)注意到這個過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)兩次飛躍都與消防(fang)工(gong)(gong)程學科的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)理論(火災科學)的(de)(de)突破(po)有關聯(lian)。

1.1氧化燃燒學說的(de)建(jian)立與消(xiao)防工程(cheng)學科的(de)初(chu)建(jian)

摘要(yao)：分析了在建筑消防工程施(shi)工中的幾個主要(yao)問題問題，并就如何加強(qiang)消防施(shi)工提出意(yi)見。

關鍵詞：建筑工程消防施工；對策(ce)

1存在的主要問題

1.1消(xiao)防給(gei)水管網

(1)消防給水管網試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓沒有按施工方(fang)案和規范(fan)要求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)。管網試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓分試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漏檢驗(yan)和強度試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)兩(liang)步(bu)進(jin)行(xing)。目(mu)前有些工地只(zhi)對管網進(jin)行(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漏試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，且試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)壓力不符合設(she)計和規范(fan)要求(qiu)，這樣(yang)給系統的正常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)帶(dai)來了(le)隱患。

(2)管(guan)網安裝應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)螺紋、溝槽式管(guan)接頭(tou)或(huo)法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)連接；管(guan)徑小于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)100mm的鍍(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)螺紋連接；管(guan)徑大于(yu)100mm的鍍(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)或(huo)卡(ka)套式專用(yong)管(guan)件(jian)連接，鍍(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)與法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)的焊接處(chu)應(ying)(ying)二(er)(er)次鍍(du)鋅。為數不少的工程為圖方便和(he)少花(hua)錢，對鍍(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)未采(cai)用(yong)螺紋、法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)等連接，而是(shi)大量(liang)焊接，埋下了隱患。對采(cai)用(yong)焊接法(fa)(fa)蘭(lan)進行連接的，不進行二(er)(er)次鍍(du)鋅，應(ying)(ying)付從(cong)事(shi)。

摘要(yao)：分析了(le)在建(jian)筑消防工(gong)程施工(gong)中的幾個主要(yao)問(wen)題問(wen)題，并就如何加強消防施工(gong)提(ti)出意見(jian)。

關鍵詞：建(jian)筑工程(cheng)消防施工；對策

1存在的主要問題

1.1消防(fang)給水管網(wang)

(1)消(xiao)防給(gei)(gei)水管(guan)網(wang)試(shi)(shi)壓(ya)沒有按施工(gong)方(fang)案(an)和(he)規(gui)范要求進(jin)行(xing)。管(guan)網(wang)試(shi)(shi)壓(ya)分(fen)試(shi)(shi)漏檢驗和(he)強度試(shi)(shi)驗兩步進(jin)行(xing)。目前有些工(gong)地只對管(guan)網(wang)進(jin)行(xing)試(shi)(shi)漏試(shi)(shi)驗，且(qie)試(shi)(shi)驗壓(ya)力不符(fu)合設計(ji)和(he)規(gui)范要求，這樣給(gei)(gei)系統的正(zheng)常運行(xing)帶來了(le)隱患(huan)。

(2)管(guan)(guan)網安裝應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)、溝槽式(shi)管(guan)(guan)接頭或(huo)法(fa)(fa)蘭連(lian)(lian)接；管(guan)(guan)徑小于或(huo)等(deng)于100mm的(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)連(lian)(lian)接；管(guan)(guan)徑大于100mm的(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)法(fa)(fa)蘭或(huo)卡套式(shi)專用(yong)管(guan)(guan)件連(lian)(lian)接，鍍(du)(du)(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)與(yu)法(fa)(fa)蘭的(de)焊(han)接處應(ying)(ying)(ying)二(er)次(ci)鍍(du)(du)(du)鋅。為數不(bu)少的(de)工程(cheng)為圖方(fang)便和少花錢，對(dui)(dui)鍍(du)(du)(du)鋅鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)未(wei)采(cai)用(yong)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)、法(fa)(fa)蘭等(deng)連(lian)(lian)接，而是(shi)大量焊(han)接，埋下了(le)隱(yin)患。對(dui)(dui)采(cai)用(yong)焊(han)接法(fa)(fa)蘭進(jin)行連(lian)(lian)接的(de)，不(bu)進(jin)行二(er)次(ci)鍍(du)(du)(du)鋅，應(ying)(ying)(ying)付從事。

編者按：本文(wen)主(zhu)要從消防(fang)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)科建(jian)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)氧化(hua)燃燒學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)和火(huo)(huo)災科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)建(jian)立；消防(fang)工程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科的(de)(de)建(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)驅動模式(shi)分(fen)析；權威(wei)消防(fang)學(xue)(xue)術期刊、研(yan)究生(sheng)教育、實驗室建(jian)設與(yu)(yu)(yu)消防(fang)學(xue)(xue)科再建(jian)制(zhi)結(jie)；結(jie)語四方面進行論述，其中(zhong)，主(zhu)要包括(kuo)：氧化(hua)燃燒學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)的(de)(de)建(jian)立與(yu)(yu)(yu)消防(fang)工程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科的(de)(de)初建(jian)、火(huo)(huo)災科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)興起和發展與(yu)(yu)(yu)消防(fang)科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)再建(jian)制(zhi)、學(xue)(xue)科的(de)(de)建(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)驅動模式(shi)分(fen)析、消防(fang)工程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科的(de)(de)建(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)驅動模式(shi)、權威(wei)消防(fang)學(xue)(xue)術期刊、研(yan)究生(sheng)教育與(yu)(yu)(yu)消防(fang)學(xue)(xue)科再建(jian)制(zhi)、重點實驗室建(jian)設促使消防(fang)學(xue)(xue)科的(de)(de)再建(jian)制(zhi)過程(cheng)等，具(ju)體(ti)材料請(qing)詳(xiang)見。

[摘要]消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)基本(ben)上已(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)了自身(shen)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)過程(cheng)。筆(bi)者以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)為(wei)切入點，分析(xi)了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)及其(qi)驅動模(mo)式(shi)；同(tong)時基于學(xue)(xue)(xue)術期刊在科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)事(shi)業中(zhong)地位和歷史(shi)作用的(de)(de)分析(xi)，探討了學(xue)(xue)(xue)術雜志(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)關系，認(ren)為(wei)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)權(quan)威(wei)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)雜志(zhi)(zhi)、進行研究生(sheng)教育是使(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)更加(jia)完(wan)善的(de)(de)必(bi)要條件之一；指出中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)有的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)已(yi)不適應該(gai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發展的(de)(de)現(xian)狀，需要調整學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)設(she)置(zhi)；認(ren)為(wei)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)正面臨著自身(shen)再建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)機遇。筆(bi)者強調，我國(guo)(guo)火災科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)國(guo)(guo)家重點實(shi)驗室的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)火災科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)興起(qi)，不僅標志(zhi)(zhi)著消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)知識(shi)體(ti)系的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)，而(er)且使(shi)發端于權(quan)力系統(tong)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)過程(cheng)具備了學(xue)(xue)(xue)術權(quan)威(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)或(huo)再建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)結構。

[關鍵詞]消(xiao)防；學科建制；實驗室；同行(xing)評議(yi)

一、消防工程的學(xue)科建(jian)制與氧化燃燒學(xue)說和火災科學(xue)的建(jian)立

消防(fang)工程學(xue)科在中國已經初步完成了自身的建制(zhi)過程。回顧這段簡短的歷(li)史，人們(men)會注(zhu)意到這個(ge)過程中的兩次飛躍都與消防(fang)工程學(xue)科的基礎理論(火災(zai)科學(xue))的突破有關聯。

1.1氧(yang)化(hua)燃燒學說的建立與消防工(gong)程學科的初建

本科教(jiao)(jiao)育中實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)環節(jie)(jie)是(shi)培養學(xue)生實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)動手(shou)能(neng)(neng)力(li)及創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)設(she)計能(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)重要途徑，通過實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)環節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)全(quan)面檢查(cha)、提(ti)高(gao)及深化學(xue)生綜(zong)合運用所學(xue)專業知識、強化表(biao)達及應(ying)變能(neng)(neng)力(li)。同時，實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)環節(jie)(jie)對(dui)(dui)于保證教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)質量，完(wan)成專業教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)目(mu)標，培養學(xue)生理論聯系實(shi)(shi)際的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)動手(shou)能(neng)(neng)力(li)及創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)設(she)計能(neng)(neng)力(li)起到(dao)十分(fen)重要的(de)作用。本文結(jie)合武漢工(gong)程大學(xue)大冶校外實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)示(shi)范中心(xin)建設(she)，對(dui)(dui)安(an)全(quan)工(gong)程專業建筑(zhu)安(an)全(quan)方(fang)向的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)改革(ge)談一些個(ge)人的(de)看法。

一、建(jian)筑安全方(fang)向(xiang)課程設置

1.建筑安全方向課(ke)程(cheng)設置

武漢工程大學(xue)安全(quan)工程專業(ye)(ye)于2001年建(jian)立，2002年開始招(zhao)收本科生(sheng)，專業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)(she)遵(zun)循“加強基(ji)礎、拓寬口徑、重視實踐、培養能力”的指導方(fang)針，近幾(ji)年就業(ye)(ye)率一直(zhi)為100%。同時根(gen)據我校(xiao)辦學(xue)條(tiao)件，以及社會(hui)對(dui)人才的需求，我校(xiao)安全(quan)工程專業(ye)(ye)設(she)(she)立非煤礦山安全(quan)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安全(quan)、化工安全(quan)等三個專業(ye)(ye)方(fang)向，其中建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安全(quan)方(fang)向就業(ye)(ye)人數占畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)的40%以上。

根據“武(wu)漢工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)環(huan)境與城市建(jian)設(she)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業培(pei)養(yang)方(fang)案”（2009），安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)向(xiang)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括：工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)圖、土(tu)木工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概論(lun)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地質、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)CAD、巖(yan)體(ti)力(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、工(gong)業通風、消(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)、防(fang)災減(jian)災工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)等理論(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；消(xiao)防(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、防(fang)災減(jian)災工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)2門課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計及6周的創(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)培(pei)養(yang)計劃(hua)，10周的實(shi)習環(huan)節，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)向(xiang)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)覆蓋7個教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)[1]。

2.建筑安全方向配套實踐教學資源(yuan)

21世(shi)紀(ji)，上(shang)海(hai)涌現出眾多(duo)為世(shi)界建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業矚(zhu)目(mu)的大(da)型公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。在這(zhe)些公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的設(she)計和建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、消(xiao)防(fang)業界通常(chang)采用(yong)的指令性(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)火(huo)規(gui)范(fan)在絕大(da)多(duo)數建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)被廣泛應用(yong)。但對于大(da)空(kong)間公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的防(fang)火(huo)設(she)計而言，指令性(xing)(xing)規(gui)范(fan)存在較大(da)的局限性(xing)(xing)。如何運(yun)用(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)防(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)化設(she)計方法這(zhe)一(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)防(fang)工程領域最前(qian)沿的手(shou)段來彌補(bu)我(wo)國(guo)指令性(xing)(xing)規(gui)范(fan)的不足，如何跟上(shang)國(guo)際建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)防(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)化不斷發展的步(bu)伐，已是當時(shi)我(wo)國(guo)消(xiao)防(fang)界同仁(ren)亟待(dai)解(jie)決的問題。2002年，我(wo)作為項目(mu)負(fu)責人，承擔了上(shang)海(hai)市科委下達的“大(da)型公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)火(huo)災危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)”課題，擬采用(yong)計算機模擬方法，綜(zong)合評估和研究(jiu)大(da)型公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的火(huo)災危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)。

同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年，當(dang)時上(shang)(shang)海(hai)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)購物(wu)中(zhong)心(xin)、以“成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)整個(ge)華東(dong)最(zui)(zui)頂級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)購物(wu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)入最(zui)(zui)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)階段(duan)。“正(zheng)(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)敞開式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧形空(kong)間，沒(mei)有(you)分隔區域，所(suo)以無法(fa)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火卷簾。當(dang)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)突破指令性(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)時，該怎(zen)么(me)辦？”正(zheng)(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)內(nei)部空(kong)間新穎獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧形設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)難題，正(zheng)(zheng)好成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)實(shi)施科(ke)委項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳對象，于是(shi)我們想(xiang)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。“建(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)”是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)舶(bo)來品(pin)，定(ding)(ding)義為(wei)(wei)(wei)：針對建(jian)筑(zhu)對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)目(mu)標，運用(yong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)程(cheng)學原理(li)，采取計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機模化(hua)或數理(li)推(tui)算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，確定(ding)(ding)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。簡而言之，就是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)“量身定(ding)(ding)制(zhi)”。2002年3月，在當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)市消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)局(ju)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)指導(dao)下，公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)部上(shang)(shang)海(hai)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)、同(tong)濟大(da)(da)(da)(da)學、華東(dong)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)災救災研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)民用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)、中(zhong)國科(ke)技大(da)(da)(da)(da)學等單位共同(tong)參與，率先(xian)在全(quan)(quan)國發起(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)“上(shang)(shang)海(hai)市消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)工(gong)作推(tui)進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)”。推(tui)進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)確定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)“深化(hua)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)科(ke)學技術革(ge)新，提升上(shang)(shang)海(hai)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)技術水(shui)平(ping)，指導(dao)服務(wu)于上(shang)(shang)海(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)審核(he)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作方(fang)(fang)向和(he)指導(dao)思想(xiang)。我也有(you)幸(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)就是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)。以正(zheng)(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廣場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎，我撰寫了(le)(le)(le)(le)論文《大(da)(da)(da)(da)型公(gong)(gong)(gong)共建(jian)筑(zhu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)評(ping)估方(fang)(fang)法(fa)基本框架研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)》，建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)評(ping)估方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體框架。這也是(shi)國內(nei)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)有(you)關建(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)探討的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)提高推(tui)進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業服務(wu)水(shui)平(ping)，及時了(le)(le)(le)(le)解國際(ji)建(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展動態，全(quan)(quan)面掌握國外性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)估方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，我們先(xian)后和(he)美國消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)會(hui)（NFPA）、美國羅(luo)夫簡森公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)（RJA）、澳大(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)亞國家(jia)科(ke)學研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)（CSIRO）、英國消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)師協(xie)會(hui)、芬蘭馬樂古·卡屋瑞拉有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關專家(jia)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)廣泛溝通和(he)交流，開拓了(le)(le)(le)(le)視野。同(tong)時，整理(li)翻(fan)譯了(le)(le)(le)(le)美國《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)師手冊》第(di)三版中(zhong)與消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)密切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關內(nei)容。

對美國(guo)ICC規(gui)范(fan)(fan)、英(ying)國(guo)BSDD240規(gui)范(fan)(fan)也進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)翻譯，使推進小組成(cheng)員(yuan)在(zai)相(xiang)關理論知(zhi)識方面(mian)(mian)得到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)積累與(yu)提高，掌握了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)所(suo)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)內(nei)容，了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)際上(shang)(shang)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新成(cheng)果。在(zai)此基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，為(wei)使上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)設計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)得到(dao)可(ke)持續(xu)發展(zhan)，經過(guo)(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)推進小組研究(jiu)，先后(hou)報(bao)經上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)市消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)局簽(qian)發了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)《上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)市消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)實施意見》和(he)《上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)市消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)細則(ze)》，不(bu)(bu)僅明確(que)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)職責(ze)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，還制定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)短期(qi)、中期(qi)及(ji)長(chang)期(qi)實施方案。同(tong)時，對性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)設計(ji)與(yu)評(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍、報(bao)告(gao)內(nei)容、分(fen)(fen)析(xi)步(bu)驟、評(ping)審(shen)程(cheng)(cheng)序進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，將此項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)納(na)入(ru)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)正(zheng)常(chang)軌道。在(zai)此過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，我(wo)先后(hou)參與(yu)并完成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)東方藝術中心(xin)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)環球金融(rong)中心(xin)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)浦東國(guo)際機場(chang)二期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)航站樓、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)鐵路南站、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)汽(qi)車(che)會(hui)展(zhan)中心(xin)、中科院(yuan)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)光(guang)源(yuan)研究(jiu)基(ji)地、宜家（上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)）物流中心(xin)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)大眾汽(qi)車(che)配(pei)送中心(xin)等(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)設計(ji)或評(ping)審(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。通過(guo)(guo)對大型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)嘗試，我(wo)也學到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)許多新知(zhi)識和(he)新方法。對如何確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安(an)全目標，確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)評(ping)估(gu)對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)接(jie)受判定(ding)(ding)(ding)標準(zhun)，對如何模(mo)擬火(huo)災(zai)場(chang)景，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)災(zai)場(chang)景，針對不(bu)(bu)同(tong)要求運用(yong)相(xiang)關量化(hua)(hua)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具有(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)更直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)。同(tong)時，為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)讓關心(xin)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)士對建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)有(you)較為(wei)客觀全面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)，推進小組成(cheng)員(yuan)沈友弟(di)、曾杰(jie)和(he)我(wo)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)以(yi)《性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推進是一個(ge)漸進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)》《性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)就建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧美》《性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)必須突(tu)破三大瓶頸》為(wei)題(ti)在(zai)《上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)》雜志(zhi)上(shang)(shang)通過(guo)(guo)訪談(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)科普性(xing)(xing)介紹。隨著建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)推進工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續(xu)開展(zhan)，逐(zhu)步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立起了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)日益融(rong)洽、通力合作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機制，有(you)效(xiao)形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一個(ge)由消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)主管部(bu)門、科研單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、設計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、相(xiang)關大學專業人(ren)員(yuan)緊密協作(zuo)(zuo)，共(gong)同(tong)開展(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)推進工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好(hao)局面(mian)(mian)。

從那(nei)時(shi)起，上海的(de)城市建設日新月異(yi)，一(yi)座座極富個性的(de)現代(dai)化新建筑不斷出現在這個充滿活力的(de)城市。2010年上海世博會的(de)大規模場館建設，為(wei)從事建筑消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)性能(neng)(neng)化設計(ji)及評估工作(zuo)的(de)專(zhuan)業技術(shu)(shu)人員提供了(le)施展才能(neng)(neng)的(de)舞臺。以大空間建筑為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)技術(shu)(shu)時(shi)代(dai)是消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)技術(shu)(shu)變革(ge)成熟的(de)一(yi)個里程碑(bei)，從內在機理上孕育了(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)理論和(he)學科(ke)的(de)誕生。建筑消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)性能(neng)(neng)化工作(zuo)推動了(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設計(ji)對特殊工程的(de)合(he)理分析(xi)，推動了(le)對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)火災隱患(huan)的(de)正確判定，更加強(qiang)了(le)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設計(ji)和(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)管理之(zhi)間的(de)有機結合(he)，也為(wei)當今消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工程師的(de)培養運作(zuo)奠定了(le)扎實的(de)技術(shu)(shu)基礎(chu)。

作者(zhe)：韓新 單位(wei)：同濟大學上(shang)海防(fang)災救災研(yan)究所

許多國家政府(fu)十(shi)分重視消防(fang)專業人才的(de)教(jiao)育和培養。目前世界一些主(zhu)要工業發達和技(ji)術先進的(de)國家都(dou)建立了一整套消防(fang)教(jiao)育體(ti)系。下(xia)面簡單介紹幾個國家消防(fang)教(jiao)育的(de)情況：

美國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)設有(you)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學院，幾(ji)乎每(mei)個州(zhou)(zhou)甚至(zhi)(zhi)一些市和(he)(he)縣都有(you)各種不同程(cheng)度的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)學校，有(you)的(de)(de)相當于大(da)專(zhuan)程(cheng)度，有(you)的(de)(de)相當于中專(zhuan)或中技。美國(guo)現(xian)有(you)幾(ji)所大(da)學，如馬利蘭州(zhou)(zhou)立大(da)學、依利諾斯州(zhou)(zhou)理工(gong)學院以及俄克拉荷馬州(zhou)(zhou)大(da)學都設有(you)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)系，培養(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)碩士、博士等高(gao)級工(gong)程(cheng)技術人才。美國(guo)每(mei)年招(zhao)收的(de)(de)新消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)員(yuan)，教育程(cheng)度要(yao)(yao)求在高(gao)中以上，新消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)過為期一年的(de)(de)培訓。首先是4個月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)訓練，包括體能(neng)、基本(ben)技能(neng)、基本(ben)常識等，后六(liu)個月(yue)(yue)下隊實習和(he)(he)集(ji)中培訓交叉進行(xing)，經(jing)考(kao)試合格后才能(neng)成為正式的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)員(yuan)。具備(bei)一定學歷、資歷和(he)(he)工(gong)作業績(ji)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)員(yuan)可以參加專(zhuan)業證書考(kao)核(he)，取(qu)得(de)終身的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業水平和(he)(he)能(neng)力證書，有(you)的(de)(de)還可以晉升消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)隊長乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)高(gao)級管理人員(yuan)資格。

俄(e)羅斯(si)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體制布局(ju)比較合理(li)與(yu)齊(qi)全(quan)。教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)培訓(xun)分三(san)個層次進(jin)行：莫(mo)斯(si)科消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院主(zhu)要是(shi)培養(yang)高(gao)(gao)級(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管理(li)干(gan)部；列(lie)寧格(ge)勒消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院主(zhu)要是(shi)培養(yang)高(gao)(gao)級(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)技(ji)術人員(yuan)；其(qi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)技(ji)術學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校主(zhu)要是(shi)培養(yang)中(zhong)、初級(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)干(gan)部。俄(e)羅斯(si)還在(zai)(zai)普通中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)里開(kai)設消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)專(zhuan)業課(ke)程(cheng)。此外，對(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)職業教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)也很重視，近幾年開(kai)辦了學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)制為三(san)年的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)函授教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，吸收在(zai)(zai)職的(de)男(nan)女消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)作者，以(yi)提高(gao)(gao)他(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)業務水平。俄(e)羅斯(si)莫(mo)斯(si)科消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)博物館(guan)(guan)建立于1957年，它(ta)可(ke)使廣大的(de)工(gong)農群(qun)眾、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生、軍人、設計、科研人員(yuan)以(yi)及居民通過(guo)參觀和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)，全(quan)面(mian)地了解消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)發展史(shi)(shi)、志(zhi)愿消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)協會(hui)歷史(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)知識，特(te)別是(shi)對(dui)青(qing)少年來說，博物館(guan)(guan)是(shi)他(ta)(ta)們(men)了解和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)史(shi)(shi)的(de)好課(ke)堂(tang)。

德國(guo)16個(ge)(ge)市、州(zhou)都(dou)建有消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)院校(xiao)(xiao)，職業消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)人(ren)員都(dou)要(yao)(yao)經過(guo)(guo)捎防(fang)(fang)院校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓。要(yao)(yao)成(cheng)為初級指(zhi)揮員或專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員，需參(can)加l8個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)官(guan)培(pei)(pei)訓，然后再(zai)通過(guo)(guo)州(zhou)一級的(de)(de)(de)(de)考試予(yu)以錄用(yong)。要(yao)(yao)成(cheng)為高(gao)級消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)人(ren)員，需要(yao)(yao)參(can)加高(gao)級消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)官(guan)培(pei)(pei)訓，時間為27個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)，通過(guo)(guo)考試及論文(wen)答辯，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)到基層實習半(ban)年。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)官(guan)員和(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員，90％以上是大學畢業后志愿從事(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)事(shi)業并經過(guo)(guo)培(pei)(pei)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在景色美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)伏爾達(da)市建有全聯邦捎防(fang)(fang)博物(wu)館，系統介紹近二百年的(de)(de)(de)(de)德國(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)史，陳(chen)列(lie)自十六世紀以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)工具、車輛等實物(wu)，各種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)慶典(dian)、滅火等活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)片(pian)以及不同時期、不同地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)服(fu)飾、徽章等，還(huan)有在滅火中犧(xi)牲的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)員紀念(nian)碑(bei)，每年接待大批游(you)人(ren)，成(cheng)為國(guo)民(min)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)民(min)族傳統教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)場所和(he)旅游(you)景點。

澳(ao)大利亞消防(fang)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)嚴(yan)格培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)和(he)考核制(zhi)度(du)。全國除有(you)2所(suo)高(gao)等(deng)消防(fang)學院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外，各省和(he)較(jiao)大城(cheng)市都有(you)消防(fang)學校。各級(ji)消防(fang)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)每3年都要(yao)分別(bie)到消防(fang)學院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)本地消防(fang)學校接(jie)受3個月業(ye)務培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)。培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)中特別(bie)重視(shi)理論和(he)實踐(jian)相結合，以火(huo)災現場(chang)和(he)模擬訓(xun)(xun)練場(chang)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)為主，每個階段部(bu)經過嚴(yan)格考核，不及格者不準晉級(ji)。及時掌握新技術是捎(shao)(shao)防(fang)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)的(de)重要(yao)內容之一，近(jin)年到學院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)的(de)中高(gao)級(ji)消防(fang)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須掌握計算機(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)。培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)中成績優秀者可以選拔(ba)到上級(ji)捎(shao)(shao)防(fang)部(bu)門工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)工(gong)作世界(jie)(jie)聞名(ming)，l968年(nian)成立的(de)(de)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)，除了(le)(le)為(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公共消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)各專業(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)培(pei)(pei)養大(da)批中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)級消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)(wai)，還先后為(wei)(wei)世界(jie)(jie)75個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)了(le)(le)許多(duo)(duo)合格(ge)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。目前這(zhe)個培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心每年(nian)都(dou)接受6000名(ming)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)捎防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)此培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)有250門(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)程(cheng)(cheng)，按其內容分為(wei)(wei)50多(duo)(duo)種，可以(yi)滿(man)足本(ben)(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)世界(jie)(jie)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)同層次學(xue)(xue)(xue)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)要求。這(zhe)些(xie)教(jiao)程(cheng)(cheng)內容的(de)(de)廣度(du)和(he)(he)深度(du)、訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)練場(chang)地(di)標準化和(he)(he)現(xian)代化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)，培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)學(xue)(xue)(xue)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素質之(zhi)高(gao)，都(dou)居(ju)世界(jie)(jie)領(ling)先水(shui)平(ping)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)還有歐(ou)洲(zhou)最大(da)和(he)(he)世界(jie)(jie)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)圖書資科(ke)館(guan)。館(guan)內貯存著(zhu)]2萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)(duo)冊(ce)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)專業(ye)圖書和(he)(he)資料。在(zai)(zai)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，除消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)外(wai)(wai)，全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)各地(di)還有許多(duo)(duo)中(zhong)(zhong)小規模的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心，其中(zhong)(zhong)主要有伯肯沙(sha)的(de)(de)西(xi)約(yue)克郡(jun)(jun)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心、蘭(lan)開(kai)夏(xia)郡(jun)(jun)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心、代文(wen)郡(jun)(jun)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心和(he)(he)首(shou)都(dou)倫敦市的(de)(de)薩(sa)刺特(te)(te)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)急救培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心。這(zhe)些(xie)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心有火(huo)(huo)災(zai)原(yuan)因調查(cha)．消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)通訊和(he)(he)撲(pu)(pu)滅危險品火(huo)(huo)災(zai)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種教(jiao)程(cheng)(cheng)。薩(sa)刺特(te)(te)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)急救培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心除了(le)(le)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)普(pu)通消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)(wai)，還制造了(le)(le)約(yue)30米長的(de)(de)飛機(ji)解(jie)剖模型，專供培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)：英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民用(yong)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)還在(zai)(zai)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)泰桑(sang)德機(ji)場(chang)外(wai)(wai)成立了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際民用(yong)航(hang)空(kong)(kong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)，沙(sha)持(chi)阿拉伯、斯里蘭(lan)卡等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)(he)香港的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)兒培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)過。英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)石(shi)油部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)還在(zai)(zai)蘇格(ge)蘭(lan)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)蒙特(te)(te)羅(luo)朗建立了(le)(le)撲(pu)(pu)滅海上鉆井平(ping)臺等(deng)設施(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)心，配備了(le)(le)價(jia)值60多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)(wan)馬克的(de)(de)撲(pu)(pu)滅海上設施(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)模擬設備，專門(men)(men)(men)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)人(ren)們撲(pu)(pu)滅多(duo)(duo)種海上設施(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)方法(fa)。

1建設服務型(xing)消防的(de)必要性和重(zhong)要性

1.1隨著改(gai)革進(jin)程的(de)(de)深入(ru)和開放范圍(wei)的(de)(de)擴大，全(quan)(quan)(quan)社會(hui)對(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)需(xu)要會(hui)進(jin)一步增強，對(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務方面的(de)(de)需(xu)求也必將進(jin)一步增加。這(zhe)些需(xu)求有的(de)(de)是公共消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務產(chan)品，如穩定的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)環境、健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)城(cheng)市(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)體(ti)系、快捷的(de)(de)滅火救災服(fu)(fu)(fu)務體(ti)系等(deng)(deng)；有的(de)(de)是混合公共消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)產(chan)品，如必要的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)知識教(jiao)育和培(pei)訓、可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評估認證、便(bian)利的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)咨詢服(fu)(fu)(fu)務等(deng)(deng)；還有的(de)(de)是主要靠(kao)市(shi)場機制調節(jie)的(de)(de)私人(ren)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務產(chan)品，如質量可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)器(qi)材和設(she)(she)備等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)些需(xu)求既(ji)是建設(she)(she)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)推動力(li)，也是建設(she)(she)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)必要條(tiao)件。

1.2建設(she)(she)服務(wu)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)轉變職(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然要(yao)求(qiu)。隨著(zhu)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐步完(wan)善，市(shi)場(chang)機制在資源(yuan)配置(zhi)過程中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)揮著(zhu)越(yue)來越(yue)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，其主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導地位日(ri)益(yi)突出，而政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)職(zhi)能日(ri)趨(qu)成為政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)職(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)式。這不僅(jin)符合國(guo)家職(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史演變發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規律，也符合市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)條件(jian)下社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。總理(li)在政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)工作報告中(zhong)指出：各級政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)要(yao)牢固樹立和認真落實科學發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)觀，按(an)照“五(wu)個統籌”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，推動經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)全面(mian)、協調、可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十六(liu)屆四中(zhong)全會(hui)(hui)也指出：政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)運用經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)和法律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段，集中(zhong)精力抓好經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)調節(jie)、市(shi)場(chang)監管、社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)管理(li)和公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)。單(dan)純靠市(shi)場(chang)機制調節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，容易產生“市(shi)場(chang)失靈”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，其中(zhong)公(gong)共(gong)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安全保障很可(ke)能就會(hui)(hui)因無利可(ke)圖而被市(shi)場(chang)機制忽略。因此，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)就必須把提供公(gong)共(gong)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安全這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)產品作為自己主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責(ze)予(yu)以(yi)切實履(lv)行(xing)。所以(yi)，消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)安全服務(wu)作為基礎(chu)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、基本性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)內容，當然成為政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應有之義(yi)，建設(she)(she)服務(wu)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)自然成為政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)轉變職(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然表(biao)現(xian)。而消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)部門作為政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)職(zhi)能部門，既是(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)服務(wu)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承擔者(zhe)(zhe)，更是(shi)(shi)推動者(zhe)(zhe)和組(zu)織者(zhe)(zhe)。

2當前建設服務(wu)型消防的現(xian)狀和(he)問題(ti)

2.1建設(she)服務型消防(fang)已經得到廣泛的實踐。改革(ge)開放以來(lai)，特別是隨著個體(ti)、私(si)營、股份(fen)等多種經濟組織形式的出現和我國加入(ru)世貿(mao)組織，來(lai)自(zi)社(she)會經濟、生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活(huo)等各方面的消防(fang)安全(quan)需(xu)求與(yu)日俱增，有力地推動(dong)了服務型消防(fang)的建設(she)與(yu)發展。

1）消(xiao)防安全服務的(de)形(xing)式和(he)(he)手段多樣化。不(bu)僅政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)將(jiang)全社會消(xiao)防工作的(de)責任和(he)(he)義務以(yi)法律、法規的(de)形(xing)式予以(yi)明確，各級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)、各類社會團體和(he)(he)法人組織結合自(zi)身(shen)消(xiao)防安全需要，以(yi)ISO9000-18000等(deng)國(guo)際標(biao)準認證、HQE認證等(deng)形(xing)式，將(jiang)消(xiao)防安全管(guan)理(li)納(na)入(ru)生產、經營等(deng)經常性管(guan)理(li)之中，在石油化工、城市管(guan)理(li)、勞動(dong)密集型行(xing)業等(deng)實行(xing)了消(xiao)防安全目標(biao)管(guan)理(li)手段、項目規劃控制手段、許可審(shen)批手段，特別是1998年《中華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)消(xiao)防法》施行(xing)后，將(jiang)搶險救(jiu)援(yuan)納(na)入(ru)消(xiao)防部隊重要職責，有(you)效擴展了消(xiao)防安全服務的(de)領域和(he)(he)范圍。