導語：建筑電(dian)氣消防設計問(wen)題及解決方法一文來源于網友上傳，不代表(biao)本(ben)站觀點(dian)，若需要(yao)原創文章可咨詢(xun)客服老(lao)師，歡迎(ying)參考。

【摘要】建筑電氣消防設計影響建筑的使用功能，同時也關乎??的?命財產安全。文章深入分析了建筑電氣消防設計中存在的問題，如：電路鋪設、消防水泵開關設計、供電系統設計、應急照明設計、?災監測預警系統設計方面，并提出了相應的解決方法。

【關鍵詞】建(jian)筑電氣；消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計；問題；解決方法(fa)

1引言

隨著經濟社會(hui)的(de)不斷進步，我(wo)國建(jian)筑(zhu)業取得了飛速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)[1]。建(jian)筑(zhu)業在(zai)迅速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)同(tong)時也不斷突顯?些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)[2]。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)整個建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)期間的(de)重(zhong)要環(huan)節，相關設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員在(zai)實際設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中應(ying)綜合考慮各(ge)個方(fang)面，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)取得最(zui)佳效果(guo)(guo)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)出現問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，那(nei)么會(hui)直(zhi)接(jie)造成?們?命財產(chan)的(de)嚴重(zhong)損(sun)失。?套科(ke)學完(wan)整的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)能夠顯著降(jiang)低火(huo)災發(fa)?率。通過(guo)(guo)規劃電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案，明確電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中存在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，及時排除各(ge)類安全隱(yin)患，能夠降(jiang)低各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)損(sun)失。本文總(zong)結了建(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中存在(zai)的(de)常見(jian)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，并根據具體問(wen)題(ti)(ti)提出了相關建(jian)議，以進?步完(wan)善建(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。

2建筑電氣消防設計的存在問題

2.1電路鋪設

電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消防系統中連接?產設(she)(she)(she)備、輸送電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)主要載(zai)體，容(rong)易存(cun)在(zai)各類(lei)安全(quan)隱患[1]。為了不(bu)影(ying)響建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)外觀，設(she)(she)(she)計?員(yuan)?般將電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)在(zai)墻體內部(bu)或者地下。電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)前需要明確鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)渠(qu)道和(he)方向，選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)線(xian)路(lu)，并在(zai)墻體內部(bu)或者地下鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)，沿金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)方向進行施(shi)工作業[4]。?旦(dan)發(fa)?建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)事故，金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)能夠起到(dao)?定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)防護作用，避免火(huo)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)直(zhi)接接觸引發(fa)更?的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)。但(dan)是，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)項?實際施(shi)工中，部(bu)分施(shi)工單位為控制施(shi)工成(cheng)本(ben)而(er)選擇(ze)鋪(pu)設(she)(she)(she)塑料導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)。塑料導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)具(ju)有以下缺點：①防火(huo)性能不(bu)穩定(ding)，塑料導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)會因周圍(wei)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)溫度的(de)(de)(de)急劇升高而(er)燃(ran)燒，造成(cheng)其(qi)不(bu)同程度的(de)(de)(de)損壞，降低對線(xian)纜的(de)(de)(de)保護性能，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)線(xian)路(lu)短路(lu)，直(zhi)接影(ying)響建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)消防系統及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)系統的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行；②火(huo)災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)監測預(yu)報功能有待(dai)完善，塑料導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)管(guan)無法充分發(fa)揮(hui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監測功能，直(zhi)接影(ying)響火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監測和(he)預(yu)防工作的(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)。

2.2消(xiao)防水泵開關(guan)設計(ji)

當(dang)突(tu)發火災事故(gu)時(shi)，隨著各種不(bu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)因素的增加，消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)?員有(you)(you)時(shi)無(wu)法及時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)的啟動和切換(huan)。消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵可(ke)(ke)以有(you)(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)火勢(shi)蔓延，在建筑電(dian)氣消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系統(tong)中具有(you)(you)重要作用[2]。因此，在建筑電(dian)氣消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系統(tong)中需要融入消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵開關的設(she)(she)計(ji)，通過消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵開關實現(xian)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)的自動化控(kong)制(zhi)[3]。?前(qian)，部(bu)分建筑電(dian)氣消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)工作中缺(que)(que)乏消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵開關的設(she)(she)計(ji)，造成建筑電(dian)氣消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)缺(que)(que)陷(xian)，影響消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系統(tong)的正常(chang)運行。

2.3供電系統設(she)計

供電系(xi)統能(neng)夠保障(zhang)建(jian)筑安(an)全(quan)(quan)和消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，其穩(wen)定性對(dui)建(jian)筑物的安(an)全(quan)(quan)性和使(shi)用(yong)壽命發揮重要作用(yong)。若消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)供電系(xi)統存在(zai)缺陷，當建(jian)筑物在(zai)突(tu)發火災時，影響了(le)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)系(xi)統的供電，使(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)系(xi)統無法正常運行(xing)，給居(ju)?帶來(lai)嚴重危害(hai)。

2.4應急照明燈設計

應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)主(zhu)要作用是照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)，當建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物內部電(dian)路(lu)出現短路(lu)斷電(dian)，或突(tu)發(fa)火(huo)災(zai)時，需要立(li)即啟動應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)為居?和救(jiu)援?員提供照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)，用于疏散(san)?群、采取(qu)?系列救(jiu)援措施等(deng)（見圖(tu)1）[4]。?前，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)問題主(zhu)要體現在應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)(she)備(bei)數(shu)量不(bu)(bu)夠以及應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)安裝位置不(bu)(bu)準確等(deng)方面。因應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)難度(du)較(jiao)小、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)成本較(jiao)低等(deng)因素(su)，電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)?員在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過程中(zhong)經常容易忽略對應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)火(huo)災(zai)中(zhong)同樣發(fa)揮重要作用，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)?員應(ying)充(chong)分(fen)考慮(lv)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。

2.5火災監測(ce)預(yu)警系統設計

在建筑電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)測(ce)預警系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)難度系(xi)數(shu)較?[8]，因在實際設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)需充分考慮各方面問題(ti)，對(dui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員(yuan)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業知識和(he)工作(zuo)經驗等提出了(le)(le)嚴格要(yao)(yao)求。?前，在火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)測(ce)預警系(xi)統的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員(yuan)面臨的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)問題(ti)有：①火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)數(shu)量和(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)位置尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)明確(que)，導致火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)測(ce)預警系(xi)統無(wu)法(fa)(fa)完全探測(ce)建筑物的(de)(de)所有區域；②部分設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員(yuan)會因專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技能水平較低、?為(wei)判斷失誤等原因采取了(le)(le)違背(bei)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)措施，導致火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)測(ce)系(xi)統出現(xian)更多設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)問題(ti)；③火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)測(ce)系(xi)統設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)標準(zhun)沒有及時更新(xin)，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)滿?不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)求，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員(yuan)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)采取最(zui)優方式優化設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案，阻礙了(le)(le)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)測(ce)系(xi)統監(jian)測(ce)功效的(de)(de)發(fa)揮，進而引發(fa)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)預報不(bu)(bu)(bu)及時、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)情監(jian)測(ce)數(shu)據(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)確(que)等問題(ti)。

3建筑電氣消防設計解決方法

3.1強(qiang)化電路(lu)鋪設

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項?的電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)鋪設(she)是?項綜合(he)性工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計?員(yuan)需按照建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的空(kong)間布(bu)局和結構(gou)進(jin)(jin)行合(he)理布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；施工(gong)(gong)?員(yuan)需全面掌握電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)鋪設(she)的范圍和環境，匹配建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料要求(qiu)，正確(que)選(xuan)擇(ze)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)規(gui)格型號。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計?員(yuan)在(zai)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)前應結合(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項?方案內容，對電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)鋪設(she)布(bu)局進(jin)(jin)行現場勘(kan)察，及(ji)時(shi)避免因(yin)各種施工(gong)(gong)問題而(er)阻(zu)礙電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)鋪設(she)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計?員(yuan)在(zai)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)過程(cheng)中，首先(xian)要對消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)采取(qu)阻(zu)燃處置(zhi)，優(you)先(xian)選(xuan)擇(ze)阻(zu)燃性能較好的PVC管(guan)或(huo)者金(jin)屬管(guan)作(zuo)為線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護的主(zhu)要材料；在(zai)鋪設(she)PVC管(guan)或(huo)者金(jin)屬管(guan)時(shi)，要提(ti)(ti)前確(que)定(ding)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)墻體的走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方向，按照走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方向采取(qu)暗敷處置(zhi)，因(yin)施工(gong)(gong)條件限制而(er)無法暗敷時(shi)，需要在(zai)PVC管(guan)或(huo)者金(jin)屬管(guan)周圍均勻(yun)涂(tu)抹防(fang)(fang)(fang)火性較好的涂(tu)料。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)計工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)規(gui)格型號提(ti)(ti)出(chu)明(ming)確(que)要求(qiu)，即線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)功(gong)率要?于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)整體環境全部負載功(gong)率的總和。如(ru)果選(xuan)擇(ze)不合(he)適的線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)規(gui)格型號，電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)(lan)將無法承載建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)及(ji)使用中的最?電(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)壓，增?因(yin)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)損壞而(er)發?火災的概率[5]。

3.2強化消防水(shui)泵(beng)開關設(she)計

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)幫助消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)?員(yuan)(yuan)節省(sheng)救援時(shi)間，是滅(mie)火過程中的重要設(she)備。設(she)計?員(yuan)(yuan)在消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵開(kai)關設(she)計過程中，應結合具體使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)調節消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵開(kai)關的運行(xing)(xing)邏輯設(she)置，不能(neng)(neng)過度依賴(lai)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系(xi)統(tong)的智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。如果(guo)長時(shi)間不使(shi)用(yong)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵，需要將開(kai)關的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)態調整(zheng)到手動(dong)(dong)位(wei)置，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)存在安全(quan)風險。當缺乏值(zhi)班?員(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)，需將開(kai)關的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)態調整(zheng)到自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)位(wei)置，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)因(yin)值(zhi)班?員(yuan)(yuan)數量較少(shao)而無(wu)法應對(dui)突(tu)發情(qing)況(kuang)的問題，通過消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵開(kai)關的自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)調整(zheng)，可以(yi)留出更多的災害處理時(shi)間。對(dui)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)泵進行(xing)(xing)綜(zong)合控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，要根據其(qi)運行(xing)(xing)邏輯進行(xing)(xing)安全(quan)操(cao)作(zuo)，需提高值(zhi)班?員(yuan)(yuan)的安全(quan)操(cao)作(zuo)技能(neng)(neng)，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)因(yin)個?操(cao)作(zuo)失誤而影響建筑物消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)系(xi)統(tong)的正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)[6]。

3.3強化供(gong)電系統設計(ji)

首先(xian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)?員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，需結(jie)(jie)合(he)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)項?的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案完善(shan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)法(fa)，提高供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能。其次(ci)，監理(li)單(dan)位(wei)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)加強對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督管理(li)，嚴格檢查施(shi)(shi)工(gong)?員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)流程(cheng)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)式(shi)，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場環境進行(xing)實地考察，對(dui)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝和使(shi)用(yong)進行(xing)檢查，針對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)失誤(wu)問題，第(di)?時間(jian)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相關負責?，采取有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決措施(shi)(shi)。然后，監理(li)單(dan)位(wei)對(dui)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)成果進行(xing)質量驗收，全程(cheng)跟進施(shi)(shi)工(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)，有(you)助于(yu)提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)?員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)安全意識。最后，監理(li)單(dan)位(wei)根據供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)故障(zhang)所(suo)引發的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)災事故資料，通過(guo)消(xiao)防(fang)演(yan)練(lian)活動，依據消(xiao)防(fang)安全演(yan)練(lian)結(jie)(jie)果評判(pan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)和建設(she)(she)(she)是否(fou)滿(man)?驗收標(biao)準。?前，常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)雙路(lu)工(gong)頻交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，為達(da)到更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果，應(ying)提前準備柴油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)作為應(ying)急用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，以滿(man)?不同(tong)情況下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)要(yao)求，可以有(you)效提高消(xiao)防(fang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冗余(yu)能力。

3.4強化消防(fang)照明系統設計(ji)

消防照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系統(tong)主要(yao)應(ying)(ying)對各類(lei)緊急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)突發(fa)情(qing)況，不(bu)涉及(ji)日(ri)常(chang)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)問題，在照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系統(tong)消防設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中要(yao)注意將應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)備和(he)(he)日(ri)常(chang)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)備進行區分和(he)(he)融合使用，具體使用方式視(shi)具體情(qing)況而定(ding)。在配電(dian)柜的(de)安(an)(an)裝位(wei)置上同時(shi)配備應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)備，能夠實現短時(shi)間照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)，可以有效(xiao)降低(di)各方面的(de)損失。常(chang)見的(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)主要(yao)分為應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)疏散燈(deng)、應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)全燈(deng)和(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)備用燈(deng)三種類(lei)型[7]。電(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)?員在具體設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過程中，要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)建筑工程消防系統(tong)的(de)施工方案，根據應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)安(an)(an)裝區域和(he)(he)位(wei)置，選擇(ze)優良(liang)的(de)品(pin)牌，購(gou)置相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)數量的(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)備，并(bing)將其安(an)(an)裝在建筑物主體結構(gou)的(de)?廳、通道以及(ji)走廊等重要(yao)位(wei)置。

3.5加強(qiang)火(huo)災預警系統設計

電氣(qi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員在(zai)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)預警系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，首先需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)明確火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)數量(liang)和安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)，?般根(gen)據(ju)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)數量(liang)分配安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)，并設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)各(ge)個火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)距離(li)。其次(ci)，選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)選(xuan)擇過程(cheng)(cheng)中需(xu)(xu)充分考(kao)慮設(she)備的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和使用年限，準(zhun)確判(pan)斷火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)探測(ce)(ce)范圍及(ji)其角度，要(yao)(yao)求火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)滿?探測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)需(xu)(xu)求，即火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)地(di)探測(ce)(ce)建筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)所(suo)有區域，為(wei)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)數量(liang)提供真實(shi)有效的(de)(de)數據(ju)參考(kao)。然后，消防(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)是火(huo)災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)則(ze)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)美觀(guan)性(xing)(xing)是次(ci)要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)則(ze)。火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監測(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)確保與室內(nei)環境的(de)(de)和諧統(tong)(tong)?，避免因火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監測(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)而破壞建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)室內(nei)環境。最后，重視高素(su)質(zhi)、高技能(neng)的(de)(de)專業設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?才隊伍建設(she)，提高設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)?員的(de)(de)專業技能(neng)和職業素(su)養，建立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監測(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)規范體(ti)系(xi)(xi)[8]。

4結語

建(jian)筑電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)整(zheng)個建(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)階段的(de)重要環節，本文分析總結了(le)建(jian)筑電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)存在的(de)?些問題，并根(gen)據(ju)具(ju)體問題提出了(le)相應的(de)解決方法(fa)。構建(jian)切實(shi)可(ke)行的(de)建(jian)筑電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)系統(tong)，需要建(jian)立完(wan)善的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)管理體系，提高(gao)建(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)?員和施工?員的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)安全意識(shi)，樹(shu)立正確的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)安全責任態度，從而提高(gao)建(jian)筑電(dian)氣(qi)消(xiao)防(fang)系統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和安全性(xing)(xing)，降低(di)建(jian)筑工程火災(zai)事故(gu)的(de)發(fa)?率。

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作(zuo)者(zhe):竇文華 單位(wei):蘭州有(you)色冶(ye)金設計研究院有(you)限公司