導語：淺(qian)談(tan)變壓器油質量評價(jia)一文來源于網友上傳(chuan)，不代表本站觀點(dian)，若需要(yao)原創文章可咨詢客(ke)服老師(shi)，歡迎(ying)參考(kao)。

1變壓器油生產工藝的重要性

1．1提(ti)高變壓器油的質量

石油中(zhong)可以蒸(zheng)餾或者分餾出一些物質，變(bian)壓器油就是從中(zhong)分餾出的(de)(de)一種物質，油類(lei)容易與空氣發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)化學(xue)反(fan)應，變(bian)壓器油就會和氧(yang)氣發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)氧(yang)化的(de)(de)化學(xue)反(fan)應，從而導(dao)致(zhi)變(bian)壓器油變(bian)質，失(shi)去(qu)原有(you)的(de)(de)潤滑作(zuo)用。為了改善這種情況，就會采取(qu)相關的(de)(de)變(bian)壓器油生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高質量的(de)(de)變(bian)壓器油。

1．2變壓器(qi)油的發展前景

變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器油有很多優(you)點，例如良好的(de)(de)熱(re)傳導性(xing)(xing)、絕緣性(xing)(xing)以及流動性(xing)(xing)等等，為了挖掘出其更(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)“潛力”，獲得更(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)利用(yong)空間，發達(da)國家先(xian)后對其生產工(gong)藝進行了開發研(yan)究。隨(sui)著變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)需(xu)求量增大，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器油的(de)(de)供應量也(ye)隨(sui)之增大，為了充(chong)分利用(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器油的(de)(de)發展(zhan)前景，我國也(ye)對變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器油的(de)(de)生產工(gong)藝開展(zhan)了科研(yan)及探究。

2變壓(ya)器油的(de)生產現狀

近(jin)幾年(nian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)需求量達(da)到40～50萬(wan)t。在(zai)(zai)20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)50年(nian)代初，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)壽命僅(jin)為6個月(yue)左右，相比外(wai)國(guo)質(zhi)量較差。20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)代以后，為了(le)改(gai)善變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)壽命，不斷(duan)改(gai)進生產(chan)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝，現在(zai)(zai)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)可以使用(yong)15～20年(nian)。隨著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)國(guo)民經濟和(he)(he)科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅猛發展(zhan)，變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場需求量也在(zai)(zai)逐年(nian)增長(chang)，從而刺激了(le)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)及(ji)生產(chan)模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新改(gai)進。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)生產(chan)分(fen)為三(san)個階(jie)段，在(zai)(zai)50～60年(nian)代，石化、變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)和(he)(he)電力(li)領域聯(lian)合攻關;在(zai)(zai)80年(nian)代，改(gai)革開(kai)放以及(ji)電力(li)工業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)促(cu)使變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)涌入國(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場;進入21世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)，在(zai)(zai)工業迅猛發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，SIE-MENS、ABB等一些國(guo)際(ji)性公司(si)在(zai)(zai)中國(guo)陸續(xu)建立了(le)合資廠(chang)，自(zi)此中國(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)行業進入研發自(zi)主品(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)時期，油(you)品(pin)質(zhi)量趨于穩定［1］。

3對變壓器(qi)油生產工藝的(de)改進

1)理論依據(ju)。變壓器油生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中會產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)很多(duo)(duo)雜(za)質(zhi)，比如原料中的硫(liu)、氮(dan)、氧(yang)等(deng)物質(zhi)雜(za)質(zhi)，所以(yi)就會為(wei)了(le)(le)脫出(chu)這些雜(za)質(zhi)，采(cai)取更加精確的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，為(wei)了(le)(le)將(jiang)其中的不飽(bao)和(he)烴(jing)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)飽(bao)和(he)烴(jing)、除去其他無用(yong)(yong)的化(hua)(hua)合物、提(ti)高其抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)、腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)以(yi)及電氣性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)等(deng)，也會采(cai)用(yong)(yong)有(you)關(guan)的精制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工藝進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。2)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。變壓器油生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)十(shi)分復雜(za)，需(xu)要(yao)的機器設備(bei)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)很多(duo)(duo)的，為(wei)了(le)(le)能(neng)夠(gou)系統高效(xiao)地控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)流程(cheng)，互聯網是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個助力，通過(guo)編(bian)(bian)寫程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機器的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)，選擇(ze)直接控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)變頻(pin)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)極其方便的。將(jiang)需(xu)要(yao)注意(yi)的事項以(yi)及原料用(yong)(yong)量翻譯成代碼，然后再將(jiang)這些代碼組(zu)合編(bian)(bian)寫成程(cheng)序計入電腦，最后通過(guo)電腦的自動化(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，進(jin)而(er)對變壓器油的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)線進(jin)行(xing)“自主(zhu)”生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。

4精確工藝生產出的變壓器油的質量評價

1)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)如表(biao)1所示(shi)。2)化(hua)學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)對于變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量是(shi)一個威脅，尤其(qi)是(shi)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)對其(qi)更是(shi)危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)存在，酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)會產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，而這(zhe)些水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)造成(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)質(zhi)，致使變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，從而對變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護作(zuo)用(yong)減(jian)小甚至消失。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)有(you)絕(jue)(jue)緣作(zuo)用(yong)，如果(guo)(guo)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)導(dao)致其(qi)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)注(zhu)入變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)中，那么就(jiu)會侵蝕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)機件中的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣材料，造成(cheng)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)、漏電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會造成(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)火花(hua)爆炸等危險(xian)。其(qi)次(ci)，化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)或者反應(ying)(ying)之(zhi)后會產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)許(xu)多(duo)雜質(zhi)，這(zhe)些雜質(zhi)也(ye)會影響(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，使得變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)常對變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)進行(xing)散熱(re)，造成(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)溫度(du)過(guo)高(gao)而損(sun)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)后果(guo)(guo)。針對這(zhe)些問題，在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，對應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝也(ye)就(jiu)相對地變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)得更加精確(que)，使變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量得到有(you)效(xiao)提高(gao)。精確(que)工藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)顏色都(dou)是(shi)呈(cheng)現透(tou)明狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)，而且(qie)沒(mei)有(you)任何的(de)(de)(de)雜質(zhi)以及懸(xuan)浮物(wu)(wu)(wu)體，水(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)酸值和(he)酸值等數(shu)值也(ye)都(dou)達到國家的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)，其(qi)散熱(re)冷卻作(zuo)用(yong)、絕(jue)(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)、導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐電(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度(du)等等也(ye)都(dou)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)。

參考文獻:

［1］萬(wan)然．變電(dian)站在線監測及輔助設備監控系統(tong)研究與(yu)應用［D］．保定(ding):華北電(dian)力大學，2014．

作者:梁洲 單位:國網四(si)川德陽供電公司