哲學通識教育課程建設研究

時間:2022-06-11 04:24:32

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哲學通識教育課程建設研究

摘要:基于提升學生核心素養的哲學通識教育課程建設,以“問(wen)題(ti)(ti)聚焦(jiao)、素(su)(su)養(yang)導向、理(li)念遵循、方法創新(xin)、資源(yuan)整(zheng)合、內(nei)容(rong)改革”為整(zheng)體思(si)路,聚焦(jiao)現有哲(zhe)學(xue)通(tong)識教育(yu)課程(cheng)建設中的(de)普遍(bian)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),以提升學(xue)生的(de)核心素(su)(su)養(yang)為導向,突出大通(tong)識的(de)課程(cheng)理(li)念,創新(xin)哲(zhe)學(xue)教學(xue)方法,整(zheng)合資源(yuan),改革內(nei)容(rong),從而強化哲(zhe)學(xue)通(tong)識教育(yu)課程(cheng)建設的(de)實效,促進(jin)學(xue)生核心素(su)(su)質的(de)提升。

關鍵詞:核心素養(yang);哲學;通(tong)識教育;課(ke)程建設

通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)關鍵是課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)。哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)是哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)關鍵,將對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核心(xin)素(su)養(yang)的(de)(de)培育(yu)起基礎性作用。核心(xin)素(su)養(yang)是指“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)應具(ju)備的(de)(de),能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠適應終身發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需要的(de)(de)必備品(pin)格和(he)(he)(he)關鍵能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)”。哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)需要以哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)為突破口,著眼于(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)結構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)容的(de)(de)創(chuang)新、教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)模式的(de)(de)變(bian)革(ge)、知識(shi)創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)養(yang)成(cheng)等方(fang)面。哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)對培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)人文精(jing)神(shen)、批(pi)判精(jing)神(shen)和(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)新意識(shi),提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)核心(xin)素(su)養(yang)具(ju)有重要意義。筆者以應用型(xing)地(di)方(fang)高校廣東海(hai)洋大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為例,探索基于(yu)提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核心(xin)素(su)養(yang)的(de)(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)思路、內(nei)容和(he)(he)(he)路徑,以期(qi)創(chuang)新高校哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)理(li)念和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)法(fa),培養(yang)具(ju)有主流價值共識(shi)、優(you)良(liang)道(dao)德品(pin)格、傳統文化(hua)底蘊、自主學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)、反(fan)思批(pi)判精(jing)神(shen)和(he)(he)(he)實踐創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)新時代大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)。

一、哲學(xue)通(tong)識教育課程(cheng)建設的思(si)路

基(ji)于提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生核(he)心素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設,以(yi)“問題(ti)(ti)聚焦、素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)導向、理(li)念遵循、方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、資(zi)源整合(he)、內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)”為(wei)整體(ti)思(si)路,順應通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)融(rong)(rong)合(he)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)趨勢(shi),對應用型人(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)起到了(le)奠基(ji)性作用。第(di)一,聚焦四個(ge)(ge)問題(ti)(ti)。目前,大(da)多數(shu)高校哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設呈現出以(yi)下四個(ge)(ge)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要問題(ti)(ti):一是(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)不(bu)健全、功能(neng)定位(wei)不(bu)準確。高校將通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)定位(wei)為(wei)公選課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、知識(shi)(shi)普及課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)時安排(pai)零散,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分比重低。二(er)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)思(si)政(zheng)(zheng)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相脫(tuo)節。沒有(you)將思(si)政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)融(rong)(rong)入(ru)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)系(xi),通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)和(he)形式固化(hua)(hua)。三是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相分離。專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)傳授(shou)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi)和(he)技(ji)能(neng)時有(you)天然的(de)(de)優勢(shi),但塑造(zao)德(de)行則是(shi)(shi)短板。通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)缺失往(wang)往(wang)導致(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生在(zai)(zai)人(ren)文素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)形成、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)批(pi)判(pan)思(si)維訓練等方(fang)面(mian)出現問題(ti)(ti)。四是(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)靈(ling)活、考(kao)(kao)核(he)方(fang)式不(bu)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)落后、考(kao)(kao)核(he)形式單一,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量整體(ti)偏低,有(you)的(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)甚(shen)至淪為(wei)“水(shui)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”。第(di)二(er),明確一個(ge)(ge)導向。以(yi)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生核(he)心素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)導向,聚焦學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)能(neng)力和(he)必備品格,培(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)主(zhu)流價值共識(shi)(shi)、優良道德(de)品格、傳統文化(hua)(hua)底蘊、自主(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)能(neng)力、反(fan)思(si)批(pi)判(pan)精神和(he)實(shi)踐創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)力的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)時代大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生。第(di)三,遵循一個(ge)(ge)理(li)念。遵循大(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)理(li)念,打通(tong)(tong)(tong)文史哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),實(shi)現人(ren)文科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)聯通(tong)(tong)(tong),促進(jin)人(ren)文科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)社會科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之間的(de)(de)聯通(tong)(tong)(tong)以(yi)及文理(li)交融(rong)(rong)。強調(diao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)交叉(cha)融(rong)(rong)合(he),并融(rong)(rong)入(ru)信息化(hua)(hua)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術新(xin)(xin)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa),突(tu)顯人(ren)文底蘊和(he)人(ren)文精神。第(di)四,突(tu)出兩個(ge)(ge)重點(dian)。以(yi)經典閱讀教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)研討式教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)法(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)為(wei)重點(dian),構(gou)建(jian)經典閱讀“四步法(fa)(fa)(fa)”和(he)研討式教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“五步法(fa)(fa)(fa)”,并以(yi)此為(wei)動力推進(jin)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)整體(ti)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)。第(di)五,整合(he)三大(da)資(zi)源。整合(he)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)和(he)思(si)想政(zheng)(zheng)治教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)三大(da)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資(zi)源,構(gou)建(jian)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)系(xi),打造(zao)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)團(tuan)隊。第(di)六,改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)四大(da)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。以(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)念、內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)考(kao)(kao)核(he)的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)為(wei)主(zhu)要內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過轉變教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)念、變革(ge)(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、完善考(kao)(kao)核(he)方(fang)式來開展(zhan)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設。

二、哲學(xue)通識教育課程建設(she)的內容

高(gao)校哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設是(shi)(shi)基(ji)于(yu)目前該課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)存在的(de)主要問題(ti),著眼于(yu)轉變課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設理(li)念、變革(ge)(ge)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容、改(gai)革(ge)(ge)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法和(he)完善課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)等四個方(fang)面。第(di)(di)(di)一,轉變課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設理(li)念。以(yi)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為(wei)依托(tuo),嘗(chang)試(shi)(shi)轉變高(gao)校哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)為(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)念,突(tu)出學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)主體地位,發(fa)揮(hui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)主體作(zuo)用(yong),注重學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)思維訓練,加強師(shi)生交流,培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)問題(ti)意(yi)識(shi)、批判精神和(he)探究能力,從(cong)而真正把學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生領進(jin)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)思想殿(dian)堂。第(di)(di)(di)二,變革(ge)(ge)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容。在哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),嘗(chang)試(shi)(shi)克服目前高(gao)校哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容源于(yu)權威教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)的(de)確(que)定性預設弊端或選(xuan)自經典原(yuan)著的(de)實(shi)用(yong)性缺失,精選(xuan)重大的(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問題(ti)、重要哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)物、經典的(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)觀點、現(xian)實(shi)的(de)人(ren)生或社(she)(she)會(hui)問題(ti),結(jie)合人(ren)類社(she)(she)會(hui)歷史進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),力圖回(hui)答(da)現(xian)實(shi)的(de)重大哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問題(ti)。第(di)(di)(di)三,改(gai)革(ge)(ge)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)法。在哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),堅持采用(yong)專題(ti)研討式(shi)(shi)、經典閱讀式(shi)(shi)、案(an)例(li)匯(hui)報(bao)(bao)式(shi)(shi)、哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家介紹式(shi)(shi)、小組(zu)合作(zuo)式(shi)(shi)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模式(shi)(shi),并嘗(chang)試(shi)(shi)利用(yong)互聯網教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平臺等信息技術手段,改(gai)善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果(guo)。第(di)(di)(di)四,完善課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。在哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)上,嘗(chang)試(shi)(shi)改(gai)變傳統單(dan)一的(de)標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)閉卷考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi),采用(yong)多元的(de)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)(shi),制定過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)性考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)、小組(zu)合作(zuo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)和(he)終結(jie)性考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)相結(jie)合的(de)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)案(an),考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)成(cheng)績分(fen)別(bie)占課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)績的(de)30%、30%和(he)40%,并且在考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)中(zhong)增加學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂發(fa)言(yan)、小組(zu)討論、案(an)例(li)匯(hui)報(bao)(bao)等環節的(de)比重,并在期(qi)末終結(jie)性考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)中(zhong)選(xuan)取多樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)內容,突(tu)出哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通識(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)試(shi)(shi)題(ti)的(de)開放性和(he)靈活性特(te)征。

三、哲學(xue)通識教育課程建設(she)的路徑

高校哲學通識教育課程建設的路徑,應以現有哲學通識教育課程建設中存在的主要問題為切入口,從課程體系構建、大通識大思政大人文理念確立、通專結合以及教學方法創新、考核方式改革等方面,尋求解決問題的課程建設路徑。第一,通識核心+通識拓展:構建層次分明的課程體系。哲學通識教育課程建設以人文創新實驗班、人才培養模式改革和學分制改革為契機,依托學校哲學通識教育課程的教學資源和師資力量,以本科生的哲學、倫理學、邏輯學以及研究生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)克(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)原理(li)(li)等(deng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)心(xin)課(ke)(ke)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干,以哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)智慧與(yu)(yu)創新(xin)思(si)(si)(si)(si)維(wei)、中國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文化等(deng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)拓展課(ke)(ke)為輔翼,并依(yi)托(tuo)邏輯(ji)與(yu)(yu)批判性思(si)(si)(si)(si)維(wei)、大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)馬(ma)克(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)等(deng)若干門網絡通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)拓展課(ke)(ke),構建(jian)分(fen)(fen)層次、分(fen)(fen)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系。第(di)二,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)+思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu):發揮(hui)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)同(tong)效應。堅持將(jiang)思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)課(ke)(ke)當中的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)容貫穿(chuan)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)始終(zhong),充分(fen)(fen)挖(wa)掘哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)資源(yuan)(yuan),強(qiang)化馬(ma)克(ke)思(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、思(si)(si)(si)(si)想道(dao)德修養(yang)(yang)(yang)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容,發揮(hui)思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)課(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)功(gong)能(neng),貫徹大(da)思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian),把(ba)立(li)(li)德樹人(ren)貫穿(chuan)于哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。同(tong)時(shi),踐行課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)思(si)(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian),將(jiang)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)與(yu)(yu)思(si)(si)(si)(si)想政(zheng)(zheng)治理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)課(ke)(ke)同(tong)向同(tong)行,形成協(xie)同(tong)效應。比如,突出倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)文化概論(lun)(lun)等(deng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)具(ju)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)德品(pin)格、涵養(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)文精(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)價值,讓立(li)(li)德樹人(ren)“潤(run)物無聲”。第(di)三(san),理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)變革(ge)(ge)+內(nei)(nei)容融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he):突破傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)容。遵循大(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian),打通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文史(shi)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),促進(jin)人(ren)文科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)社(she)會科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以及文理(li)(li)交融(rong)(rong)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)專(zhuan)結合(he)(he),以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核(he)(he)心(xin)素(su)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)引領哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發展,以大(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)指(zhi)引哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)與(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)業課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發展,以創新(xin)實(shi)驗(yan)班(ban)改革(ge)(ge)促進(jin)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)專(zhuan)業知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發展。在專(zhuan)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中貫穿(chuan)大(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)及其(qi)向人(ren)文社(she)會科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)自然科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透,以及專(zhuan)業技術手(shou)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)入,發揮(hui)專(zhuan)業知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)技能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢。第(di)四,方(fang)(fang)法創新(xin)+考(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)改革(ge)(ge):創新(xin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)研討式(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)探索與(yu)(yu)實(shi)踐,以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)探究和(he)(he)師生(sheng)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)討論(lun)(lun)交流為基(ji)本形式(shi)(shi),改變傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“滿(man)堂灌”的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面,使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)真正(zheng)思(si)(si)(si)(si)考(kao)(kao)(kao)、感悟和(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)驗(yan)人(ren)文精(jing)神。以經(jing)典(dian)閱(yue)讀(du)這一哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵環(huan)節(jie)(jie)為抓手(shou),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)開展文本選擇、閱(yue)讀(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)參(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)、課(ke)(ke)后(hou)活動等(deng)環(huan)節(jie)(jie),對哲(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)經(jing)典(dian)著作(zuo)進(jin)行研讀(du)。同(tong)時(shi),改革(ge)(ge)考(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi),加(jia)大(da)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)性考(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)力(li)度,將(jiang)小組(zu)合(he)(he)作(zuo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、專(zhuan)題研討、經(jing)典(dian)閱(yue)讀(du)、網絡教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)使用等(deng)納入考(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)評價體(ti)(ti)系,實(shi)現考(kao)(kao)(kao)核(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)化變革(ge)(ge)。

四、哲學通(tong)識教(jiao)育(yu)課(ke)程建設(she)的創新

哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),應(ying)樹立以人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)理(li)念(nian),優化人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)方案,構建(jian)(jian)(jian)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體系,并著力創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)閱(yue)(yue)讀(du)“四(si)步(bu)法(fa)”和研(yan)討式(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“五(wu)步(bu)法(fa)”,強化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)素(su)養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。第一,樹立以人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)理(li)念(nian)。將(jiang)(jiang)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)界定在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)上,實(shi)現(xian)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)外聯通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),把(ba)(ba)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術融(rong)入(ru)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中,為(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)提(ti)供綜(zong)合性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)。同時(shi),優化人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)方案,將(jiang)(jiang)思(si)政(zheng)、哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、邏(luo)輯學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)創(chuang)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)定位為(wei)(wei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);設(she)(she)置哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)智慧等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)拓展(zhan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),以及(ji)志愿服(fu)務等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)踐(jian)環(huan)節(jie),構建(jian)(jian)(jian)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)體系。以廣(guang)東海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為(wei)(wei)例,在(zai)(zai)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中融(rong)入(ru)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)文(wen)(wen)化、海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)倫理(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)內(nei)容(rong),促進學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)文(wen)(wen)化觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)道德(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)國土觀(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)價值觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng),深(shen)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)底蘊(yun)和社(she)會主(zhu)義核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價值觀(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)素(su)養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),推動(dong)(dong)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)(liang)性(xing)發展(zhan)。第二,創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)閱(yue)(yue)讀(du)“四(si)步(bu)法(fa)”,培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)素(su)養(yang)。創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)“課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)外經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)閱(yue)(yue)讀(du)、讀(du)書筆記整(zheng)理(li)、讀(du)書報(bao)(bao)告(gao)撰寫、課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)小(xiao)組匯報(bao)(bao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)閱(yue)(yue)讀(du)“四(si)步(bu)法(fa)”。從經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)閱(yue)(yue)讀(du)這一哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵環(huan)節(jie)切(qie)入(ru),對《論語(yu)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)著作進行(xing)解讀(du),建(jian)(jian)(jian)立經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)本與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)當(dang)下生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯,特(te)別是(shi)與社(she)會主(zhu)義核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)價值觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)銜接,把(ba)(ba)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)帶入(ru)經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)本所在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史語(yu)境和生(sheng)活世界。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過自我(wo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)和反思(si)、自我(wo)檢討和糾正(zheng),實(shi)現(xian)道德(de)體驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自我(wo)完善。第三,探索研(yan)討式(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“五(wu)步(bu)法(fa)”,創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法(fa)和考核(he)(he)(he)(he)方式(shi)。探索和構建(jian)(jian)(jian)“選取(qu)研(yan)討主(zhu)題、設(she)(she)計研(yan)討內(nei)容(rong)、小(xiao)組主(zhu)題報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)堂交流討論、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)點(dian)評總結”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)討式(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“五(wu)步(bu)法(fa)”,貫徹“互聯網+通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”理(li)念(nian),利(li)用(yong)APP、大數據等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)術手段,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)改善,手機作為(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)工具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)率顯(xian)(xian)著提(ti)高。在(zai)(zai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考核(he)(he)(he)(he)上,采用(yong)多元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考核(he)(he)(he)(he)方式(shi),強化過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)性(xing)考核(he)(he)(he)(he),將(jiang)(jiang)主(zhu)題研(yan)討、經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)閱(yue)(yue)讀(du)、小(xiao)組合作學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)、網絡(luo)(luo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平臺利(li)用(yong)、課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)后活動(dong)(dong)開展(zhan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)性(xing)環(huan)節(jie)納入(ru)考核(he)(he)(he)(he)體系,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過小(xiao)組學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、網絡(luo)(luo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)成(cheng)果、經(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)(dian)誦讀(du)活動(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式(shi)體現(xian)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考核(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣性(xing)、開放性(xing)與靈活性(xing)特(te)征。廣(guang)東海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),經(jing)(jing)(jing)過多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian),在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)實(shi)驗(yan)班課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和思(si)政(zheng)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)團隊建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)以及(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)素(su)養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方面取(qu)得了(le)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)成(cheng)效(xiao)。

自(zi)2010年以來,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)團隊在本(ben)科生(sheng)人文創新(xin)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)班的(de)(de)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、倫理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、邏輯學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)核(he)心(xin)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)逐(zhu)步實(shi)(shi)施和(he)(he)推(tui)進哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設,尤其(qi)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)施小班教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),開展研(yan)討式教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)經(jing)典閱讀,貫徹哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)理(li)念(nian)(nian)。同(tong)時,將文史哲(zhe)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)思政(zheng)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有機(ji)融(rong)合,發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)與思政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)同(tong)向同(tong)行的(de)(de)協同(tong)效應。在研(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)階段的(de)(de)馬克思主義哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)原理(li)、自(zi)然(ran)辯證法概(gai)論(lun)等(deng)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)核(he)心(xin)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong),貫徹了(le)整體改革理(li)念(nian)(nian)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)實(shi)(shi)施了(le)專題(ti)研(yan)討式教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)經(jing)典閱讀的(de)(de)改革和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)踐,要求學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)獨(du)立閱讀文本(ben)、查(cha)找資料、完成主題(ti)匯報和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)報告。這深(shen)入發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)了(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)潛能(neng),充分調動了(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing),極大(da)地激發(fa)(fa)了(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)熱情(qing),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自(zi)主學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)獨(du)立思考的(de)(de)意識(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)能(neng)力(li)顯著(zhu)提(ti)升。由此可見,哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通(tong)(tong)識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)核(he)心(xin)素養的(de)(de)培育(yu)(yu)起(qi)到了(le)積(ji)極的(de)(de)推(tui)動和(he)(he)示范作用。

參考文獻:

[1]核心(xin)素(su)(su)養研究課題組.中國(guo)學生(sheng)發展(zhan)核心(xin)素(su)(su)養[J].中國(guo)教育學刊,2016,(10).

作者:曹望華 單位:廣東海(hai)洋(yang)大學