1超臨界流體工程技術的應(ying)用

超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)一般是控制溫度和壓(ya)力的(de)(de)條件下(xia)，或者加(jia)入其他物(wu)資的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)改變體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)傳質系(xi)數、傳熱系(xi)數及化(hua)(hua)學反應(ying)特(te)征(zheng)的(de)(de)，這(zhe)能(neng)更(geng)加(jia)高(gao)(gao)效清潔地(di)進行化(hua)(hua)學生產，有(you)的(de)(de)在(zai)超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)下(xia)能(neng)節(jie)省能(neng)耗(hao)，所以(yi)超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)被稱為超(chao)級綠色化(hua)(hua)學技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)液(ye)體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)（SCF）現在(zai)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到了材(cai)料制備(bei)中(zhong)。早在(zai)上世(shi)紀九十年代該技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)就(jiu)已經(jing)開始(shi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，把二氧化(hua)(hua)碳制備(bei)成(cheng)超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)，以(yi)它為介質來制取特(te)氟龍；還(huan)有(you)聚(ju)丙烯工(gong)藝中(zhong)也(ye)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了SCF技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丙烷的(de)(de)特(te)點來做稀釋劑，該技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)是做PE的(de)(de)升級版。當下(xia)，超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)則更(geng)多地(di)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)了高(gao)(gao)分子材(cai)料，復(fu)合(he)材(cai)料，不易粉碎的(de)(de)無(wu)機(ji)物(wu)材(cai)料，以(yi)及提取不太容易溶解在(zai)單一超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)液(ye)體(ti)中(zhong)的(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)。現在(zai)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)超(chao)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)流(liu)體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)方法主(zhu)要有(you)一下(xia)幾種：

1、快速膨脹法(fa)，該方法(fa)主要用于固體顆粒狀的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)制備；

2、壓縮(suo)抗(kang)溶劑發(fa)，主要用(yong)于制備微孔、微球類的(de)物(wu)(wu)質，所以在藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)分子及聚合物(wu)(wu)共沉上(shang)應用(yong)較多(duo)，也較成熟；

3、抗溶(rong)劑法，通(tong)常該方(fang)法會應用在(zai)制備爆(bao)炸性物(wu)質和不溶(rong)于(yu)單一超臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)(jie)(jie)流體(ti)的(de)有機物(wu)上(shang)等。除(chu)了以上(shang)在(zai)制備材料方(fang)面(mian)的(de)突(tu)出(chu)貢獻，超臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)(jie)(jie)流體(ti)技(ji)術(shu)還(huan)(huan)在(zai)分(fen)析化學中大展拳腳(jiao)。它與色(se)譜(pu)技(ji)術(shu)相結合，能在(zai)色(se)譜(pu)研究中得到(dao)(dao)比氣(qi)象色(se)譜(pu)更高(gao)效，比液相色(se)譜(pu)更精準的(de)超臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)(jie)(jie)流體(ti)色(se)譜(pu)。更由(you)于(yu)它的(de)高(gao)效和低成本使得超臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)(jie)(jie)流體(ti)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)石油化工、環境保護還(huan)(huan)有醫(yi)藥化學等多個領域得到(dao)(dao)廣泛使用。

2綠色化學工程技術的應用

1化學工程技術(shu)與化工工業的(de)聯系

化學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術支持著化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前進與發展，化學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術從理(li)論到(dao)實驗(yan)(yan)，再(zai)到(dao)實踐，最后投(tou)入生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成品(pin)，是(shi)(shi)必(bi)不可少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個環節。然而(er)(er)(er)，從實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，特別是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)解決裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)問題，其(qi)直接影響企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)(da)(da)及(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)，裝置(zhi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)可以(yi)節省(sheng)資(zi)金(jin)，減少(shao)不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗(hao)，節省(sheng)勞動力。但是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)，裝置(zhi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)過程中(zhong)，物(wu)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一系(xi)列物(wu)理(li)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關條件很可能改變，達(da)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某些指標通常低于(yu)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小型(xing)技術設備(bei)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。這種起(qi)源于(yu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效應(ying)被(bei)籠統稱為(wei)“放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)效應(ying)”，包含(han)很多已知及(ji)未(wei)知物(wu)理(li)因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。現代化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對于(yu)一套裝置(zhi)一年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量，一般情(qing)況下(xia)按照目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規模(mo)(mo)可以(yi)達(da)到(dao)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)或者等(deng)于(yu)數十(shi)萬(wan)噸(dun)，大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)使其(qi)面(mian)臨工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，且(qie)在(zai)(zai)指標方(fang)面(mian)也有(you)所降(jiang)低，這對于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)會造(zao)成較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)損失。化學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現在(zai)(zai)新產(chan)(chan)品(pin)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)創造(zao)，而(er)(er)(er)這些都(dou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)借助化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，除此之(zhi)外，還需(xu)(xu)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟和技術。就上述(shu)情(qing)況而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)，凡(fan)是(shi)(shi)關于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)，一般情(qing)況下(xia)都(dou)歸(gui)屬于(yu)化學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)范疇。在(zai)(zai)日(ri)常生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)，化學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程無處(chu)不在(zai)(zai)。如：煙筒(tong)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫、氮氧(yang)化物(wu)等(deng)有(you)害物(wu)質(zhi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)過嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)，才能對外排(pai)放(fang)(fang)，以(yi)防污染生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境。在(zai)(zai)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)達(da)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)后，要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模(mo)(mo)中(zhong)實現大(da)(da)(da)量煙氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凈化，就必(bi)須考(kao)慮(lv)大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)(mo)凈化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟性和可行性，要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題與實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)不同(tong)。又如，化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)以(yi)十(shi)分純凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)為(wei)原料，對實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)操作來說，這比較容易(yi)達(da)到(dao)。對大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)，消耗(hao)低而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟方(fang)面(mian)可行，這表明課題存在(zai)(zai)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)之(zhi)處(chu)。

2化(hua)學工程技術的研究對象(xiang)及復雜性

化(hua)(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是以物(wu)理(li)(li)學(xue)、化(hua)(hua)學(xue)和(he)(he)數學(xue)為(wei)基(ji)礎，并結(jie)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)業經(jing)濟基(ji)本法則(ze)，研究化(hua)(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)(li)變化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)變化(hua)(hua)過(guo)程(cheng)及(ji)其有關機理(li)(li)和(he)(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)性規律，并將(jiang)之應用于化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)、設(she)(she)計(ji)、操作(zuo)、控制(zhi)、管理(li)(li)、強化(hua)(hua)以及(ji)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)等過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝與化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)之間(jian)起著承上啟下的(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁(liang)和(he)(he)紐(niu)帶作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)一門工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術學(xue)科。一般情(qing)況下，化(hua)(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)(za)，具(ju)體如下：首先，該過(guo)程(cheng)自身具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)(za)特點，包括化(hua)(hua)學(xue)與物(wu)理(li)(li)，而(er)(er)且兩者(zhe)經(jing)常發(fa)生，彼此影(ying)響。其次，物(wu)系方(fang)面較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)(za)，流體與固體，或者(zhe)兼而(er)(er)有之。流體特質變化(hua)(hua)較(jiao)大，如有低(di)粘(zhan)度和(he)(he)高粘(zhan)度、牛(niu)頓(dun)型和(he)(he)非(fei)牛(niu)頓(dun)型等。最后，物(wu)系流動(dong)時邊界(jie)復雜(za)(za)，由于設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)較(jiao)為(wei)多樣，而(er)(er)且其在(zai)(zai)(zai)填充(chong)物(wu)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)也不正常，如催化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)、填料等，使得設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)流動(dong)邊界(jie)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)置較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)(za)而(er)(er)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)確定方(fang)面不準確。

3化工工業的(de)現狀及發展

目前從形式上(shang)看，現(xian)(xian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)歷了(le)單(dan)元操作和傳遞(di)原理(li)與(yu)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)反應這(zhe)兩個發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段，正準備走向一個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段。但(dan)種類(lei)多(duo)樣、制造(zao)(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)復雜以及(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)產(chan)品款式較(jiao)多(duo)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)排放物復雜、量(liang)多(duo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)危(wei)害大，因此，目前化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應重點關注污染問題(ti)。與(yu)此同(tong)時，在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、貯存、運用或者(zhe)處(chu)理(li)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)品時應防止操作對環境(jing)(jing)生(sheng)態以及(ji)(ji)(ji)人類(lei)健康造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)危(wei)害。在(zai)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)中應遵循(xun)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家可持續發(fa)展(zhan)戰略，制定(ding)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案。隨著(zhu)(zhu)我們國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家科學(xue)(xue)(xue)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，各(ge)(ge)行各(ge)(ge)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進行生(sheng)產(chan)都要接觸化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，涉及(ji)(ji)(ji)制藥、石(shi)油、材(cai)料、能源等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和污染問題(ti)，這(zhe)都是現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需要面對的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。目前，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)過(guo)了(le)半(ban)個世紀的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，已經(jing)形成(cheng)了(le)門(men)類(lei)比較(jiao)齊全，品種大體配套并(bing)基本(ben)可以滿足(zu)(zu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體系(xi)。2001年全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有及(ji)(ji)(ji)規模以上(shang)非國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)油加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)值達到10990.6億(yi)元人民幣，占(zhan)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)9.8％，實現(xian)(xian)利稅747.8億(yi)元，石(shi)油和化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)13765個，資產(chan)總(zong)額(e)13344.2億(yi)元。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)獲得長足(zu)(zu)進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作也不斷得到加強。但(dan)是化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)實施可持續發(fa)展(zhan)戰略過(guo)程(cheng)中，仍存在(zai)不少問題(ti)和障礙，嚴重制約(yue)著(zhu)(zhu)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。

【摘要(yao)】:綜觀化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)科(ke)的(de)演(yan)化(hua)和發展,認為這是一個(ge)辯證綜合的(de)歷(li)程(cheng),而且不論是學(xue)科(ke)的(de)"分化(hua)"還是"融合",都體現出系統和諧的(de)規(gui)律和性質(zhi),綜合基(ji)礎(chu)上的(de)分化(hua)與分化(hua)基(ji)礎(chu)上的(de)綜合既是化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)!學(xue)科(ke)發展的(de)基(ji)本趨勢和規(gui)律,也是學(xue)科(ke)建設(she)和課程(cheng)改革的(de)基(ji)本依據。

【關鍵詞】:化學工程;系(xi)統;和諧;辯(bian)證法

自(zi)然界(jie)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)系(xi)統(tong)比比皆是(shi)(shi),大至宇宙(zhou),小到原子(zi);地球(qiu)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de),動植物(wu)群落(luo)是(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de),人類社(she)會(hui)體(ti)系(xi)是(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de),健康的(de)(de)(de)(de)人體(ti)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)一個絕妙的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)體(ti)。所有(you)這些和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)系(xi)統(tong)遵循(xun)著(zhu)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)辯證綜(zong)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv),具體(ti)可以(yi)歸納出(chu)三(san)條(tiao):1.統(tong)一律(lv);2.層次律(lv);3.進化律(lv);所有(you)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)系(xi)統(tong)具有(you)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質:1.開放性;2.自(zi)組織性;3.非線性;4.無限發展(zhan)性[1]。當愛因斯坦(tan)把大半生(sheng)致力于統(tong)一場論(lun)時,其哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)相對物(wu)理學(xue)(xue)上而言或許要(yao)來(lai)得大,面對物(wu)理學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)諧(xie),理論(lun)規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)分立(li)是(shi)(shi)不能(neng)令他覺得滿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)。而化學(xue)(xue)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)因循(xun)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)歷程呢(ni)?

在(zai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)作為學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科開(kai)始(shi)被重視之(zhi)前,化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)業已具(ju)有了相當的(de)(de)規模(mo),各(ge)種(zhong)具(ju)體的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)都被獨立開(kai)來,在(zai)認識(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)被分為各(ge)門(men)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi),因此,當國外高等(deng)院校在(zai)十(shi)九世紀末(mo)開(kai)始(shi)設(she)置"化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)"時,開(kai)設(she)的(de)(de)課程(cheng)大多(duo)是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習當時化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),"化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)"的(de)(de)概念在(zai)當時還是(shi)相當模(mo)糊的(de)(de),在(zai)理(li)論上(shang)(shang)充其量是(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與機械的(de)(de)一種(zhong)混合(amalgam)。然而這種(zhong)理(li)論混合的(de)(de)模(mo)式在(zai)德國人看(kan)來卻是(shi)很正統的(de)(de),即使在(zai)今天,他們也避免專論"化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)",而是(shi)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為"過(guo)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)"(ProcessEngineering),這一名稱(cheng)實際上(shang)(shang)要比"化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)"的(de)(de)范疇更(geng)廣,甚(shen)至更(geng)為準確(que),凡是(shi)涉(she)及一定流程(cheng)與工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)領(ling)域都是(shi)適用的(de)(de)。但我(wo)們習慣上(shang)(shang)還是(shi)沿用"化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)"的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)。

二十世紀(ji)開始(shi),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)迅猛發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),在(zai)社會經濟中占的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重越來(lai)(lai)越大(da),客觀上需要化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和支持。隨著(zhu)生產力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),人們對事物(wu)運(yun)動規(gui)律性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識也愈來(lai)(lai)愈深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),愈來(lai)(lai)愈有概括性。伴隨著(zhu)其他(ta)領(ling)域(yu)科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速進步(bu),人們逐漸認(ren)識到化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)中各門(men)看似不相(xiang)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝中存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)共(gong)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理特性。1901年(nian)(nian),美G.E.的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Davis《化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)手冊》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)表,初步(bu)提出了(le)"化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)物(wu)理過程(cheng)(cheng)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理。1900年(nian)(nian)始(shi),以合(he)成氨、純堿、燃料等為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠出現,如1913年(nian)(nian),德哈勃(bo)-博施(shi)法高壓合(he)成氨技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),星火燎原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)呈現出巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)前(qian)景。到了(le)二十年(nian)(nian)代(dai),美MIT的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些學者(zhe)提出:不管化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝如何千差萬別,它們在(zai)眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型設備中進行著(zhu)原(yuan)理相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理過程(cheng)(cheng)。1920年(nian)(nian),美MIT成立了(le)第一個嚴(yan)格意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)系(xi)(xi),時W.K.Lewis任(ren)系(xi)(xi)主(zhu)任(ren)。1922年(nian)(nian)美國化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)學會認(ren)同了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)見解,引出了(le)"單元操作"(UnitOperation)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian),這一概念(nian)在(zai)蘇聯時期和我國則廣泛稱為(wei)"化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)理"。

1900年始(shi)的(de)"分離工(gong)程(cheng)"研究使"單(dan)元(yuan)操(cao)(cao)作"的(de)概(gai)念日(ri)趨成熟。被稱為單(dan)元(yuan)操(cao)(cao)作的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)主(zhu)要有流體流動、傳熱(re)、干燥、吸收(shou)、蒸(zheng)發、萃(cui)取(qu)、結(jie)晶和過(guo)濾等,以(yi)這(zhe)些單(dan)元(yuan)操(cao)(cao)作作為研究和學(xue)(xue)習的(de)主(zhu)要內(nei)容,是(shi)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)科在二十(shi)世紀前半期(qi)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)核心,其理論迅速成為發展(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)重(zhong)要基(ji)石(shi)。這(zhe)種把千(qian)(qian)變萬(wan)化(hua)、千(qian)(qian)差萬(wan)別的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)和工(gong)藝概(gai)括成"單(dan)元(yuan)操(cao)(cao)作"是(shi)生產力發展(zhan)(zhan)到一(yi)(yi)定(ding)水平的(de)反映,是(shi)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)從"個(ge)(ge)性"到"共(gong)性"的(de)第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)性概(gai)括,是(shi)在一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)整體性把握的(de)高度上建立了一(yi)(yi)門(men)技(ji)術科學(xue)(xue),體現了系(xi)統(tong)(tong)科學(xue)(xue)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)和諧(xie)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)律(lv)。

關鍵詞：化學工(gong)程專(zhuan)業英語教學方法能力培(pei)養

摘要:在化學(xue)工程專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)英(ying)(ying)語的(de)教(jiao)學(xue)中,結(jie)合(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)英(ying)(ying)語的(de)特點,改革教(jiao)學(xue)方法,創(chuang)造良好(hao)的(de)環境,充分調動學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)興趣和(he)(he)主動性,通過實踐培養和(he)(he)提高學(xue)生(sheng)用(yong)英(ying)(ying)語獲取專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)息和(he)(he)交(jiao)流(liu)的(de)能(neng)力。我國的(de)大學(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)英(ying)(ying)語教(jiao)學(xue)是大學(xue)基礎英(ying)(ying)語的(de)后續階(jie)段,其目的(de)是為(wei)了幫助(zhu)學(xue)生(sheng)較快地掌握、運(yun)用(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)英(ying)(ying)語,把語言能(neng)力同(tong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識融為(wei)一體。

21世(shi)紀是國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)紀,如(ru)何應(ying)對國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰,培養一(yi)大(da)批既具有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)知識又有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新人才(cai)是我們(men)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)挑(tiao)戰。英(ying)語(yu)(yu)正成為一(yi)種真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界語(yu)(yu),據統(tong)計,講英(ying)語(yu)(yu)、學(xue)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人多達世(shi)界人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五分之二,世(shi)界上有(you)85%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科技資料用英(ying)語(yu)(yu)出(chu)版,國(guo)際(ji)學(xue)術會議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作語(yu)(yu)言一(yi)般都是英(ying)語(yu)(yu)。本(ben)文試從如(ru)何激發學(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興趣,科技英(ying)語(yu)(yu)及(ji)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)工(gong)程專業(ye)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點以(yi)及(ji)教學(xue)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改進(jin)等方(fang)面(mian)來談(tan)一(yi)談(tan)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)工(gong)程專業(ye)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)體會。

一、激發學生(sheng)的興(xing)趣興(xing)趣是(shi)最好的老師(shi),是(shi)學業成功最重要的心(xin)理(li)動力

一(yi)(yi)個人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)能(neng)能(neng)否(fou)充(chong)(chong)分發揮出來(lai)很大程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上取決于他是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣(qu)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)及各種教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)安排要(yao)(yao)(yao)盡可能(neng)地激(ji)發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣(qu),養成(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)(xi)慣,熟悉學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。在(zai)給學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用英(ying)語(yu)(yu)講授第(di)一(yi)(yi)次課(ke)時,筆者試(shi)圖從五個方(fang)面激(ji)發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)好專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)門(men)(men)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣(qu)和(he)(he)(he)緊迫感。首先,讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了解(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)國化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)世界(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況,中(zhong)國化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改革中(zhong)發展,在(zai)困(kun)難中(zhong)前(qian)進并(bing)取得了顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)績(ji),但(dan)是(shi)與世界(jie)(jie)發達(da)國家相比(bi)還(huan)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距,在(zai)技(ji)術方(fang)面還(huan)遠遠落后于發達(da)國家,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)向他們(men)(men)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)驗(yan)。21世紀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)充(chong)(chong)滿希望和(he)(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)遇,也(ye)充(chong)(chong)滿競爭和(he)(he)(he)挑(tiao)戰。作(zuo)為(wei)未來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi),為(wei)順應(ying)時展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮流,也(ye)同樣(yang)面臨(lin)著機(ji)(ji)遇和(he)(he)(he)挑(tiao)戰。第(di)二,讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了解(jie)(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)由于在(zai)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)面有(you)(you)著廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)能(neng)背景,可以(yi)勝任許多部門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。正因(yin)為(wei)此(ci),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)水(shui)(shui)是(shi)比(bi)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),從表(biao)1美(mei)國1999年各類工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年薪(xin)可以(yi)看(kan)到(dao)本(ben)科(ke)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)水(shui)(shui)比(bi)其(qi)他各類本(ben)科(ke)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)水(shui)(shui)要(yao)(yao)(yao)高(gao)。第(di)三,讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了解(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)國化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)日益成(cheng)為(wei)世界(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)支充(chong)(chong)滿生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)活力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)力量。美(mei)國和(he)(he)(he)歐(ou)洲大型化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)司(si)(si)把(ba)中(zhong)國作(zuo)為(wei)投(tou)資(zi)和(he)(he)(he)貿易合作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱點(dian)。巴斯夫(fu)、拜(bai)耳、杜邦(bang)、ICI、旭化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)等(deng)眾多西方(fang)大型化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)司(si)(si)已在(zai)中(zhong)國投(tou)資(zi)發展。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)外(wai)資(zi)、合資(zi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)會(hui)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)多。要(yao)(yao)(yao)想進入(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)公(gong)司(si)(si)發展,首先面臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題是(shi)求(qiu)職(zhi),求(qiu)職(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候常(chang)常(chang)面對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)籍(ji)主管,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)著良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)言(yan)能(neng)力和(he)(he)(he)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)知識。第(di)四,告訴學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)現在(zai)對(dui)(dui)他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也(ye)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)前(qian)必須經(jing)歷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)環節就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)必須仔(zi)細閱讀理解(jie)(jie)(jie)并(bing)翻譯一(yi)(yi)篇長度(du)適中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),與畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)有(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)文(wen)文(wen)獻,成(cheng)績(ji)計提供入(ru)畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)中(zhong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)努力學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)好專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)門(men)(men)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)。第(di)五,總(zong)體(ti)上向學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)介紹我們(men)(men)所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)材。我們(men)(men)選(xuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)華東理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)胡鳴老師(shi)(shi)編寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)閱讀教(jiao)(jiao)材系列中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)。教(jiao)(jiao)材中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容均(jun)來(lai)自原(yuan)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)文(wen)書籍(ji)、期刊(kan),是(shi)地道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)語(yu)(yu),而(er)且(qie)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容較新,通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)此(ci)教(jiao)(jiao)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi),對(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助,同時可以(yi)了解(jie)(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)發展動態。通(tong)過這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)可以(yi)充(chong)(chong)分調動學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)門(men)(men)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣(qu)和(he)(he)(he)緊迫感。

二、教學方法的(de)改進要在教學方法上有所(suo)改進,首先要了(le)解課程(cheng)的(de)特點

[摘要(yao)(yao)]對于化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)程與(yu)技術專業(ye)來說，大學(xue)四年中(zhong)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)(she)計)環節很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)。它是(shi)檢(jian)驗化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)程與(yu)技術專業(ye)本(ben)(ben)科生水平的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)依據之一(yi)。新疆(jiang)大學(xue)化(hua)學(xue)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)學(xue)院“化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)(gong)程與(yu)技術”專業(ye)本(ben)(ben)科生的(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)(she)計)工(gong)(gong)作抓得很(hen)嚴很(hen)緊，但是(shi)整體(ti)水平還是(shi)不如內地一(yi)些高(gao)校(xiao)，本(ben)(ben)文(wen)(wen)對我校(xiao)該專業(ye)本(ben)(ben)科生畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)(she)計)質(zhi)量下滑的(de)(de)(de)因素進行了(le)(le)分(fen)析(xi)，并在選(xuan)題(ti)、開(kai)題(ti)、查閱文(wen)(wen)獻、學(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)認識、態度，指導教師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、時間(jian)安排、條件、和畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)(wen)審核(he)等方面(mian)進行了(le)(le)探討。在本(ben)(ben)科生畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)論(lun)文(wen)(wen)質(zhi)量監(jian)控(kong)體(ti)系等方面(mian)給出了(le)(le)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)看法和建議。

[關鍵(jian)詞]本科(ke)生畢業論文(wen)；畢業論文(wen)的重(zhong)要性；本科(ke)生畢業論文(wen)制度；本科(ke)生畢業論文(wen)監控(kong)

畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(設(she)計(ji)(ji))是學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在校期間一(yi)個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學(xue)(xue)(xue)環節，它是對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)四(si)年(nian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)期間所學(xue)(xue)(xue)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)考察，也(ye)是對(dui)知(zhi)識(shi)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為能力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際培(pei)養和(he)(he)(he)測試。它是建(jian)立(li)在多門專業(ye)課(ke)程(cheng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、內容廣泛和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用性(xing)(xing)強(尤(you)其畢(bi)業(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐環節。要求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)全面(mian)運(yun)用所學(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)、專業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)技(ji)能，對(dui)理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)性(xing)(xing)問(wen)題(ti)進行研(yan)究或對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐性(xing)(xing)問(wen)題(ti)進行設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)訓(xun)練(lian)(lian)。通(tong)過畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文(設(she)計(ji)(ji))，進一(yi)步(bu)加深對(dui)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解，擴(kuo)大(da)專業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)面(mian)，完(wan)成教學(xue)(xue)(xue)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)、基(ji)(ji)本(ben)方法和(he)(he)(he)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)技(ji)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)訓(xun)練(lian)(lian)；初步(bu)形成學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)能力(li)(li)(li)；力(li)(li)(li)求(qiu)在收(shou)集(ji)資料(liao)、查閱(yue)文獻、調查研(yan)究、方案制(zhi)訂、理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)繪圖、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗探討、模擬測試、計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機處理(li)、撰文論(lun)(lun)(lun)證、口述(shu)表達等方面(mian)加強訓(xun)練(lian)(lian)，初步(bu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現知(zhi)識(shi)向能力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)。通(tong)過畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)(lun)(lun)文，培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)嚴(yan)謹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)態度，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事求(qiu)是和(he)(he)(he)嚴(yan)肅認真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作風。通(tong)過畢(bi)業(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訓(xun)練(lian)(lian)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)應掌(zhang)握化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)理(li)、標準、規(gui)范(fan)、技(ji)巧和(he)(he)(he)經驗。培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)分(fen)析化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)(li)，增強學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)概念和(he)(he)(he)解決實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)(li)，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)具備化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)素養。

1本科(ke)生畢業論文(wen)質量(liang)問題主(zhu)要表現

1.1指導思(si)想。畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))是審核專(zhuan)家提前抽調(diao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)進校后重(zhong)點檢(jian)查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審查(cha)材(cai)料(liao)，是衡量學(xue)(xue)校本科(ke)(ke)(ke)教學(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要指標(biao)之一(yi)。本培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)標(biao)準在國家通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導下，按照(zhao)行(xing)業(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要求，結合新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)疆區域(yu)與(yu)經濟特色和(he)(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)疆大學(xue)(xue)辦學(xue)(xue)理念(nian)、人才培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)定(ding)(ding)位，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)本校化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)業(ye)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)標(biao)準。培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)知識(shi)(shi)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、素質協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，具有創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)精神(shen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)。畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)適應(ying)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)疆社會(hui)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需要，承擔化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)相關行(xing)業(ye)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、生(sheng)(sheng)產、管理、咨詢和(he)(he)(he)(he)教育等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)責；能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)其他有關科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)知識(shi)(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，解(jie)(jie)決(jue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)。畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)達(da)到見習化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)水平，可(ke)迅速適應(ying)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作環境(jing)(jing)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)在短期內(nei)獲得注(zhu)冊化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)資格(ge)，成長(chang)為能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)面向和(he)(he)(he)(he)引領未(wei)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)，也具備(bei)(bei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成為優(you)秀企業(ye)家和(he)(he)(he)(he)知名(ming)學(xue)(xue)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)(li)。畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)具有自主學(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)根據化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)跨學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢以(yi)及(ji)產業(ye)轉(zhuan)型升級(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)產業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢，不斷完(wan)善知識(shi)(shi)結構，成為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)興(xing)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極開拓者和(he)(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要創造者。特別是成為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)疆石(shi)油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、煤化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、天然氣化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)急需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治可(ke)靠、專(zhuan)業(ye)基礎扎實(shi)(shi)、實(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)強、綜合素質高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)。1.2選(xuan)(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)要求按照(zhao)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準執行(xing)。應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)學(xue)(xue)、自然科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本原理，識(shi)(shi)別、表達(da)、并(bing)(bing)通(tong)過(guo)文(wen)(wen)獻研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)復(fu)雜(za)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)，以(yi)獲得有效(xiao)結論(lun)(lun)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)設(she)計(ji)(ji)針對復(fu)雜(za)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)滿足特定(ding)(ding)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)、單元(部件(jian))或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，并(bing)(bing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在設(she)計(ji)(ji)環節中體(ti)現(xian)(xian)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)意識(shi)(shi)，考慮社會(hui)、健康、安(an)全、法律、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)以(yi)及(ji)環境(jing)(jing)等(deng)因素。1.3畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(設(she)計(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容。(1)畢(bi)業(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)包括：運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)種資料(liao)(文(wen)(wen)獻、手冊、規范(fan)、標(biao)準、設(she)計(ji)(ji)書等(deng))搜(sou)集所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息；技(ji)術路線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇及(ji)操作參數(shu)控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定(ding)(ding)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇并(bing)(bing)確(que)定(ding)(ding)，物料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)熱量分(fen)(fen)析(xi)及(ji)計(ji)(ji)算方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)；編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)(xian)有軟件(jian)進行(xing)裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝計(ji)(ji)算及(ji)典型設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)型和(he)(he)(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)算；帶控制(zhi)(zhi)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)布置圖(tu)等(deng)圖(tu)紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繪制(zhi)(zhi)；生(sheng)(sheng)產安(an)全及(ji)“三廢”治理方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術經濟評(ping)價；撰寫設(she)計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算書和(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)(ji)說(shuo)明書；結題(ti)(ti)(ti)答辯等(deng)。(2)畢(bi)業(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)包括：運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡資源和(he)(he)(he)(he)資料(liao)(文(wen)(wen)獻、專(zhuan)利、手冊、規范(fan)、標(biao)準、碩(shuo)博論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)等(deng))搜(sou)集所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息；比較及(ji)總結國內(nei)外文(wen)(wen)獻，對國內(nei)外同類技(ji)術進行(xing)對比分(fen)(fen)析(xi)；實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)技(ji)術路線、探討及(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)案(an)；實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)儀器設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)購或(huo)設(she)計(ji)(ji)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)及(ji)安(an)裝調(diao)試(shi)；實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定(ding)(ding)；實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)數(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采集、記錄和(he)(he)(he)(he)整理；實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)數(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理；實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)與(yu)討論(lun)(lun)；撰寫論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)；結題(ti)(ti)(ti)答辯等(deng)。

2本科生畢業論文存(cun)在的問題(ti)

摘要：在新工(gong)科(ke)教(jiao)育背景下，為適應化學工(gong)程與工(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的內涵式發展(zhan)，需創(chuang)新性地進行(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)改(gai)革，彌補重視專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)素養、忽視思(si)(si)想政治素養的短板，從專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)入手，不斷提高專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)任課(ke)教(jiao)師的“專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政”能力，充分挖掘(jue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政元素，將思(si)(si)想政治教(jiao)育有(you)機融入專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)中，通過專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)課(ke)知識教(jiao)授與思(si)(si)想政治教(jiao)育相結合，實現(xian)對學生思(si)(si)想的啟蒙(meng)、知識的傳授和人生價值(zhi)的引領，實現(xian)思(si)(si)想政治教(jiao)育和專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)的協同(tong)發展(zhan)。

一、“專業思政(zheng)”研(yan)究概述

國(guo)外從未(wei)使用過“思(si)(si)想政(zheng)治(zhi)教育”這一(yi)概念(nian)，但(dan)考(kao)慮到化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鮮明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程特色(se)，可借鑒(jian)國(guo)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程倫理(li)教育，結合我國(guo)國(guo)情探索我國(guo)高校化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政(zheng)”教育。國(guo)內學者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)成果為化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政(zheng)”問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)奠定(ding)了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)仍存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)缺乏一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論基(ji)礎(chu)，較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于日(ri)常工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結；二是(shi)(shi)對(dui)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政(zheng)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)界定(ding)及對(dui)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政(zheng)”和(he)其他相關(guan)概念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系梳理(li)不夠；三是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于當(dang)前(qian)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)思(si)(si)政(zheng)”建設過程中存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)研究(jiu)不夠，大多是(shi)(shi)跳過問(wen)(wen)題(ti)直接談對(dui)策(ce)；四是(shi)(shi)對(dui)策(ce)部分缺乏體系性、創(chuang)新性，存(cun)在(zai)凌亂性和(he)同質性問(wen)(wen)題(ti)；五是(shi)(shi)當(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)過于宏觀，缺乏與(yu)相關(guan)學科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合。

二(er)、化(hua)學工程與(yu)工藝“專(zhuan)業思政(zheng)”建設的價(jia)值

“專業(ye)思(si)政(zheng)(zheng)”是當下高校(xiao)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)政(zheng)(zheng)治工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)熱點(dian)，將其作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為思(si)政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)重要助力，構建好化學(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)藝“專業(ye)思(si)政(zheng)(zheng)”三體系，有利(li)于促進(jin)化學(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)藝專業(ye)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)政(zheng)(zheng)治教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)縱向(xiang)(xiang)延伸，有利(li)于將思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)政(zheng)(zheng)治教(jiao)(jiao)育融入化學(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)專業(ye)課程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中，實現(xian)知識(shi)導向(xiang)(xiang)和(he)價值引領相結合，提高授課質量，增強(qiang)學(xue)生的(de)(de)學(xue)習能力，助推(tui)學(xue)生成為符合新時代需求的(de)(de)有思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)、講政(zheng)(zheng)治、有技術的(de)(de)卓越人才。

 （一）化學(xue)工(gong)程與工(gong)藝專(zhuan)業內(nei)涵式發展的現實(shi)需要

［摘要］開設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫理(li)課(ke)對(dui)于(yu)培養(yang)高(gao)層(ceng)次應用(yong)型人才具(ju)有重要意義。針(zhen)對(dui)該課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教學(xue)案例(li)滯后(hou)、教學(xue)方式(shi)落后(hou)和師資力量薄弱(ruo)三個關(guan)鍵性問(wen)(wen)題，浙江工(gong)(gong)業(ye)大(da)學(xue)化學(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)院在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碩士研究生(sheng)培養(yang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，將(jiang)具(ju)備豐富實踐(jian)(jian)背(bei)景的(de)同類專業(ye)教師組成授(shou)課(ke)團隊，利用(yong)各自的(de)專業(ye)基礎知識(shi)優(you)勢(shi)開展(zhan)案例(li)教學(xue)，并(bing)引入混合式(shi)教學(xue)模(mo)式(shi)，強化學(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫理(li)概念的(de)理(li)解，使學(xue)生(sheng)掌(zhang)握并(bing)能夠運用(yong)基本理(li)論，培養(yang)學(xue)生(sheng)關(guan)注工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐(jian)(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)倫理(li)問(wen)(wen)題并(bing)認識(shi)到這些問(wen)(wen)題的(de)現(xian)實和長遠意義。

［關鍵詞］工程倫理；教學(xue)模式；案(an)例教學(xue)；混合(he)式教學(xue)

處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人與(yu)人之(zhi)間(jian)關系所依循的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)(fan)和(he)準則稱(cheng)為倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，屬道德(de)范(fan)(fan)疇。將科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)原(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)用于(yu)(yu)各(ge)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)總稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)［1］。從發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家向發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)家轉變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)是必由(you)之(zhi)路(lu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提出及(ji)實(shi)踐(jian)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)智慧(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯現及(ji)發(fa)(fa)揮，有助于(yu)(yu)我們科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)、自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)間(jian)許多(duo)無法(fa)回避的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是將模糊、不(bu)準確、無法(fa)量化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為進(jin)行(xing)規范(fan)(fan)化(hua)、標準化(hua)。開(kai)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)，就是傳授(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)遵(zun)守(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規范(fan)(fan)，提高學(xue)(xue)生在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)覺遵(zun)循倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識和(he)能力(li)。高校(xiao)應(ying)(ying)充分(fen)認識到，培(pei)養德(de)才兼(jian)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師是服務社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任與(yu)必然(ran)。從歐(ou)美先(xian)進(jin)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)看，社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步(bu)(bu)與(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是呼喚工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提，社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)認知水平制約著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度。經(jing)濟社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平越高，進(jin)步(bu)(bu)得越快，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)問題(ti)就愈加突顯，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)也愈加緊迫。當前，我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)已起(qi)步(bu)(bu)并穩步(bu)(bu)推進(jin)，當務之(zhi)急是使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)跟上(shang)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)(bu)伐，更(geng)好(hao)地(di)服務社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)。我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究始于(yu)(yu)20世紀90年(nian)代(dai)初，晚于(yu)(yu)西(xi)方國(guo)家。2015年(nian)，全國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)碩士學(xue)(xue)位研究生教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)［2］，標志著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)正式啟動。至今(jin)，我國(guo)已經(jing)開(kai)展(zhan)“全國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)骨干(gan)教(jiao)(jiao)師培(pei)訓(xun)班”20余期，開(kai)展(zhan)“高等(deng)院校(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)研修班”2期。國(guo)內(nei)高校(xiao)通(tong)過一系列強有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動，使(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。從2017年(nian)起(qi)，浙江工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)大學(xue)(xue)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)院就順(shun)應(ying)(ying)時(shi)代(dai)要(yao)求(qiu)，針對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碩士研究生開(kai)設(she)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)位課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，以增強學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)意(yi)識，完(wan)善(shan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科(ke)(ke)人才教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)方案(an)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性逐漸突顯［3］。

一、工程(cheng)倫(lun)理課程(cheng)教學(xue)中存在的問題

目(mu)前(qian)，國內(nei)高校(xiao)開(kai)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多為(wei)(wei)1～2學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)、16～32學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時，一般采用(yong)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)老師(shi)(shi)(shi)主動(dong)(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生被動(dong)(dong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“灌輸(shu)式”教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方式，并以(yi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)練(lian)習(xi)與(yu)提(ti)交小(xiao)論文的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)行考核。該(gai)(gai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)主要(yao)存在(zai)(zai)三方面不(bu)足。一是(shi)(shi)國外教(jiao)(jiao)材中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)案(an)例(li)使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生難以(yi)理(li)(li)解。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多采用(yong)“案(an)例(li)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)法(fa)(fa)”“項(xiang)目(mu)分(fen)組討論”“情(qing)景模(mo)擬法(fa)(fa)”，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)案(an)例(li)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)廣受教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)青睞。由查爾(er)斯•E•哈里斯等(deng)著、叢杭青等(deng)翻(fan)譯的(de)(de)(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)概念與(yu)案(an)例(li)》一書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)很(hen)多案(an)例(li)可作為(wei)(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)參考，因(yin)此(ci)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)直(zhi)接將(jiang)這些(xie)案(an)例(li)引(yin)入課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。但是(shi)(shi)由于社(she)(she)會(hui)制(zhi)度(du)迥異，經(jing)(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展路徑和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業化程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)，國外教(jiao)(jiao)材中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)案(an)例(li)讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生較(jiao)難理(li)(li)解，因(yin)此(ci)對(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生進(jin)(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)行為(wei)(wei)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)引(yin)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難以(yi)達到。二是(shi)(shi)傳統教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果不(bu)佳(jia)。社(she)(she)會(hui)經(jing)(jing)濟高水(shui)平發(fa)(fa)展是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代背(bei)景，對(dui)(dui)該(gai)(gai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)提(ti)出了較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。但是(shi)(shi)，一些(xie)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)仍沿用(yong)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)“灌輸(shu)式”教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)行課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，缺乏對(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生發(fa)(fa)散性思維的(de)(de)(de)(de)培養，也(ye)無法(fa)(fa)調動(dong)(dong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生思考的(de)(de)(de)(de)主動(dong)(dong)性和積極性，進(jin)(jin)而導致(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效率低(di)下、教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果不(bu)佳(jia)。三是(shi)(shi)受過專門培訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)資缺乏。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)作為(wei)(wei)一門研究工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)人員在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)德原(yuan)則(ze)和行為(wei)(wei)規范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，要(yao)求教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)熟悉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論內(nei)涵(han)，且具(ju)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐經(jing)(jing)驗，能(neng)夠(gou)從(cong)倫(lun)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)視(shi)角進(jin)(jin)行授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)。在(zai)(zai)一些(xie)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)，該(gai)(gai)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由具(ju)有(you)人文社(she)(she)科背(bei)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)老師(shi)(shi)(shi)講授(shou)，授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)往往過于關注(zhu)抽象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)德判斷，缺少對(dui)(dui)更廣泛影響條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)詳(xiang)細(xi)描述，很(hen)難解釋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)雜利益(yi)沖(chong)突和多元倫(lun)理(li)(li)判斷對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)視(shi)角錯位問題(ti)，從(cong)而影響了授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)效果。還有(you)一些(xie)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)負(fu)責(ze)講授(shou)，他們往往注(zhu)重工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)路線優化，以(yi)及(ji)如何實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)最大化，而未(wei)能(neng)評(ping)估工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)行業發(fa)(fa)展生態的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，也(ye)沒有(you)對(dui)(dui)涉及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)案(an)例(li)問題(ti)進(jin)(jin)行倫(lun)理(li)(li)范(fan)(fan)疇(chou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析評(ping)價(jia)，從(cong)而失去(qu)了向(xiang)未(wei)來工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)傳遞自覺、主動(dong)(dong)地參與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倫(lun)理(li)(li)行動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)。

二、教學改革探索

摘要(yao):以鄭州(zhou)工程技術學(xue)院化學(xue)工程與工藝專業為(wei)例，介紹了新(xin)工科背景下新(xin)建(jian)地(di)方本科院校人才(cai)培(pei)養模式，包括專業課程的(de)(de)設(she)置、實踐(jian)(jian)體系的(de)(de)構建(jian)、工程能力及創(chuang)新(xin)能力的(de)(de)培(pei)養。通過該模式的(de)(de)實踐(jian)(jian)應用，培(pei)養了具有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)工程實踐(jian)(jian)能力、創(chuang)新(xin)能力，能夠(gou)適應區域經濟發展的(de)(de)應用型人才(cai)。

關鍵詞:地方本科(ke)(ke)院校;新工科(ke)(ke);工程(cheng)能力;人(ren)才培養模式

根據(ju)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)相關數(shu)據(ju)，截至2017年(nian)(nian)底(di)，我國(guo)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)總(zong)共(gong)(gong)2631所(suo)，地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(包(bao)括(kuo)高(gao)(gao)職(zhi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao))共(gong)(gong)有(you)2512所(suo)，占(zhan)95%。在(zai)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央部(bu)委主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)119所(suo)，地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)1124所(suo)，民辦本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)424所(suo)。地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)是(shi)我國(guo)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)部(bu)分(fen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堅(jian)力(li)(li)量。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)源(yuan)市場信息監測中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)統計分(fen)析結(jie)果顯示，隨著(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)不斷升級(ji)，社會(hui)(hui)對(dui)具有(you)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)型(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)日(ri)益迫切(qie)(qie)。大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)規模擴招(zhao)使得畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)數(shu)量逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)增加(jia)(jia)，高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓力(li)(li)大(da)(da)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)甚至出現一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)即失業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)情況。企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)急(ji)需(xu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)招(zhao)聘難與(yu)(yu)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)難的(de)(de)(de)供需(xu)出現矛盾(dun)。我國(guo)傳統的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)很大(da)(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)已不能(neng)適應(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)革命的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)迫切(qie)(qie)需(xu)要(yao)改(gai)(gai)造和(he)(he)(he)(he)升級(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科(ke)(ke)或采(cai)用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術建設和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)興工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科(ke)(ke)。為(wei)推動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)(gai)革，2017年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)18日(ri)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)在(zai)復(fu)(fu)旦大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)召開(kai)(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰略研討會(hui)(hui)，在(zai)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)“復(fu)(fu)旦共(gong)(gong)識(shi)”。“復(fu)(fu)旦共(gong)(gong)識(shi)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)明確指出，地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)應(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動對(dui)接地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，把握行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)方(fang)(fang)向，充分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)資(zi)源(yuan)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮自身優勢(shi)，凝(ning)練(lian)辦學(xue)(xue)特(te)色，深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)融合、校(xiao)企合作、協同育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，增強學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)(li)，培(pei)養具有(you)較強行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)背景知識(shi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐能(neng)力(li)(li)、勝任行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術技(ji)(ji)能(neng)型(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)［1］。河(he)南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原，化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)源(yuan)相對(dui)比較豐富。目(mu)前擁有(you)規模以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)1427家，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達到4739．5億元，居全國(guo)第(di)5位(wei)(wei)。化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)達到10%左右(you)，在(zai)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)有(you)舉(ju)足輕重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)。河(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從以前的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)逐(zhu)步向精(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、高(gao)(gao)端產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構逐(zhu)步調整，以化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)聚區主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)濮陽、信陽、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鄉(xiang)、三門峽、平頂山、南(nan)(nan)陽、商(shang)丘等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)。各產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)聚區逐(zhu)漸形(xing)成了(le)(le)各自的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)點，如濮陽、洛陽偏(pian)重(zhong)于石油化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);開(kai)(kai)(kai)封精(jing)細(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以農藥和(he)(he)(he)(he)食品(pin)(pin)添加(jia)(jia)劑為(wei)出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)點，壯大(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)群;平頂山則力(li)(li)圖打造“尼龍城(cheng)”;許昌(chang)襄(xiang)城(cheng)縣快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)硅材料;葉縣、南(nan)(nan)陽依托資(zi)源(yuan)優勢(shi)形(xing)成了(le)(le)以鹽化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)(ji)群［2］。河(he)南(nan)(nan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)大(da)(da)批(pi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)支撐。化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)屬于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類(lei)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)，具有(you)技(ji)(ji)術密(mi)集(ji)(ji)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)、資(zi)本(ben)(ben)密(mi)集(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)特(te)征，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科(ke)(ke)特(te)色顯著(zhu)，實踐能(neng)力(li)(li)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)高(gao)(gao)。目(mu)前為(wei)止，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)設化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)有(you)18所(suo)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不乏鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、河(he)南(nan)(nan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)雙一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)，還有(you)河(he)南(nan)(nan)師范大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、河(he)南(nan)(nan)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、河(he)南(nan)(nan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、南(nan)(nan)陽理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、許昌(chang)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)。據(ju)陽光(guang)高(gao)(gao)考平臺數(shu)據(ju)顯示，2019年(nian)(nian)河(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)普通本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)類(lei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)2054人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(含化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、制藥工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、收稿日(ri)期:2021－08－30基(ji)金(jin)項(xiang)目(mu):2019年(nian)(nian)校(xiao)級(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)革研究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)實踐項(xiang)目(mu)［本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(ZGJG2019006A)］作者(zhe)簡(jian)介:郭林(1975—)，女(nv)，副教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)，從事化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)研究(jiu)(jiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，E－mail:hnzzglin@126．com。·06·河(he)南(nan)(nan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)HENANCHEMICALINDUSTRY2021年(nian)(nian)第(di)38卷能(neng)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng))，基(ji)于河(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速度及(ji)規模，在(zai)未來5～10年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)仍將有(you)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)缺口。化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)擔負著(zhu)為(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培(pei)養高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)任。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)2015年(nian)(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)升本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)，辦學(xue)(xue)定位(wei)(wei)是(shi)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定支撐作用(yong)(yong)，在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)外有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定影響力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)型(xing)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)。根據(ju)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)市及(ji)河(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)，圍繞省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)市化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)基(ji)礎(chu)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)二級(ji)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)———化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食品(pin)(pin)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于2017年(nian)(nian)申報化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，同年(nian)(nian)獲教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)備案，2017年(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始招(zhao)收第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)屆本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，首批(pi)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)70人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。

1培養方案制訂依據和目標

1．1專業定位

根據學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)地(di)方應用型(xing)本科院校(xiao)的(de)定(ding)位，按照《鄭州工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院“十三五”教(jiao)(jiao)育事業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃》確(que)立的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略和(he)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養(yang)目(mu)標(biao)，化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)建設以(yi)服務(wu)地(di)方經濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)為目(mu)標(biao)，堅(jian)持產(chan)教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)合、開(kai)放(fang)發(fa)展(zhan)，強化(hua)(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)校(xiao)內外實習實訓(xun)基地(di)建設，深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、教(jiao)(jiao)材與(yu)(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科建設，著力(li)培(pei)養(yang)德(de)、智(zhi)、體、美、勞全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)，具備良(liang)好的(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)道(dao)德(de)、人(ren)文(wen)素養(yang)和(he)創新精(jing)神，系統掌(zhang)握化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)知識，具有工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實踐能(neng)力(li)，能(neng)夠解決復(fu)雜(za)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)問題，在化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、能(neng)源、環保(bao)、材料、冶金、生物(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)、醫藥等領(ling)域從事生產(chan)運行與(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)術(shu)管理、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計、技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)發(fa)、科學(xue)(xue)(xue)研究等方面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)高素質應用型(xing)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，為鄭州及河南化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)提供人(ren)才(cai)(cai)支撐。

［摘要］上海電(dian)(dian)力(li)大學按照“立足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)、立足(zu)(zu)應用(yong)、立足(zu)(zu)一線(xian)”的(de)辦學方針和(he)“務(wu)實(shi)致用(yong)，明(ming)理致遠”的(de)辦學理念，以“突出理論基礎，強化生產應用(yong)，著力(li)科技創(chuang)新(xin)，服(fu)務(wu)地方經濟”為指導思想，進行了(le)新(xin)工(gong)科背(bei)景下能源化工(gong)實(shi)驗(yan)教學平臺的(de)教學改(gai)革(ge)探(tan)索，構建(jian)了(le)多層(ceng)次實(shi)驗(yan)教學體系，推進了(le)實(shi)驗(yan)教學模式改(gai)革(ge)，這對培(pei)養(yang)學生的(de)工(gong)程實(shi)踐能力(li)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)具有良好效果(guo)。

［關鍵詞］能源化(hua)工(gong)；化(hua)學工(gong)程與(yu)工(gong)藝；專業實(shi)驗；教學改革

近年(nian)(nian)來，隨著國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整，國(guo)家大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)展低碳(tan)經濟、環保(bao)產(chan)業(ye)、綠(lv)色(se)經濟等關系到未(wei)來環境(jing)和(he)(he)人(ren)類生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)戰略(lve)新(xin)興(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)業(ye)。為(wei)(wei)培(pei)養適應國(guo)家經濟建(jian)(jian)(jian)設需要(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)符合(he)未(wei)來化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)高(gao)速發(fa)展要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)格(ge)人(ren)才，上(shang)海(hai)電(dian)力(li)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)2012年(nian)(nian)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)環境(jing)與(yu)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院后(hou)，成立了以化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)基礎、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝新(xin)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)，并于(yu)當年(nian)(nian)開始招生(sheng)，目(mu)標是(shi)(shi)培(pei)養國(guo)家戰略(lve)性(xing)(xing)(xing)新(xin)興(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)業(ye)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才。該專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)涉及(ji)(ji)可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術、節能(neng)減排技術、清潔煤(mei)技術、節能(neng)環保(bao)和(he)(he)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)循環利用(yong)等戰略(lve)性(xing)(xing)(xing)新(xin)興(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)業(ye)領(ling)域。由(you)于(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科院校重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐性(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節，是(shi)(shi)理(li)論教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)續和(he)(he)延(yan)伸，在(zai)新(xin)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)課程(cheng)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)，一個重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務就是(shi)(shi)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺[1-4]。通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)體(ti)系、內容(rong)及(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施方法(fa)，加深學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)課的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解和(he)(he)掌(zhang)(zhang)握，鞏固學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗操(cao)作技能(neng)，提高(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)觀察、分(fen)析(xi)、解決問(wen)(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，為(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)掌(zhang)(zhang)握專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)理(li)論知識和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐技能(neng)奠定基礎。經過(guo)多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設與(yu)探索，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗平(ping)(ping)臺已初(chu)具(ju)規模，但在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)仍存在(zai)一些(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，主要(yao)(yao)表(biao)現為(wei)(wei)：1.實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗項(xiang)目(mu)演(yan)示(shi)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)驗證型(xing)(xing)多，綜合(he)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)設計型(xing)(xing)少；2.實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗項(xiang)目(mu)“能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”特(te)色(se)不(bu)明顯；3.教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方式單一，無法(fa)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)調動學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)；4.實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室開放利用(yong)率不(bu)高(gao)。針對(dui)上(shang)述問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，以新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科建(jian)(jian)(jian)設為(wei)(wei)背景，以高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)地方應用(yong)型(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設為(wei)(wei)契(qi)機，結合(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育認證和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科評(ping)估，充(chong)(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科特(te)色(se)，上(shang)海(hai)電(dian)力(li)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)探索能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改革(ge)勢在(zai)必行。

一、實(shi)驗教學體系構建

（一(yi)(yi)(yi)）指導思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)。為了更好(hao)地對接(jie)國家(jia)(jia)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源戰略，適應化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)[5-7]，結合(he)國家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)海市教(jiao)育(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃綱要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)為核心，按照(zhao)上(shang)海電力(li)(li)(li)(li)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)“立(li)足電力(li)(li)(li)(li)、立(li)足應用(yong)、立(li)足一(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)方針和(he)(he)(he)(he)“務(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)致(zhi)用(yong)，明理(li)(li)(li)致(zhi)遠”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)，平臺建(jian)設(she)以(yi)“突出(chu)理(li)(li)(li)論基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，強化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產應用(yong)，著力(li)(li)(li)(li)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)，服務(wu)地方經濟”為指導思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，突出(chu)電力(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)特點，以(yi)滿足目前學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)夯(hang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)、提(ti)(ti)高動(dong)(dong)手(shou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)方面(mian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。（二(er)(er)）教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)。平臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)是：以(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，“厚基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)、重能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、強實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐”三(san)位(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)。“厚基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)”即(ji)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)加強學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)基(ji)(ji)本操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)鞏(gong)固(gu)，注意(yi)理(li)(li)(li)論聯系(xi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際；“重能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)”即(ji)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)重視培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、動(dong)(dong)手(shou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)綜合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)；“強實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐”即(ji)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)勵(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不受實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)時和(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)行(xing)設(she)計(ji)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方案(an)和(he)(he)(he)(he)完成實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，以(yi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)意(yi)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。（三(san)）實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)構(gou)建(jian)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)是人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)環(huan)節(jie)，以(yi)平臺建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)為準線(xian)，在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)，平臺按照(zhao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)認(ren)識(shi)、理(li)(li)(li)解(jie)、掌(zhang)(zhang)握知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)律，遵循(xun)促進學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)梯級遞(di)增、注重學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)個性發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，構(gou)建(jian)分(fen)層次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，將實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)(xiang)目分(fen)為基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)認(ren)識(shi)、技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)訓練、綜合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐和(he)(he)(he)(he)應用(yong)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)四個層次(ci)。1.基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)認(ren)識(shi)：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習掌(zhang)(zhang)握最根本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)理(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)，認(ren)識(shi)各種儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)件、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)，如二(er)(er)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)臨界(jie)狀(zhuang)態(tai)觀(guan)測及(ji)(ji)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)p-V-T關(guan)系(xi)測定(ding)。2.技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)訓練：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)，體(ti)(ti)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，掌(zhang)(zhang)握操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，增強動(dong)(dong)手(shou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，如煤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱量(liang)測定(ding)、石(shi)油產品餾程(cheng)測定(ding)等(deng)(deng)。3.綜合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際任(ren)務(wu)，使(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)向工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際應用(yong)，提(ti)(ti)高學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、對知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融會貫通(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、獨立(li)思(si)考問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)團隊合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)協調能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，如鼓(gu)泡(pao)反應器中(zhong)(zhong)汽泡(pao)比(bi)表面(mian)及(ji)(ji)氣(qi)含(han)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測定(ding)、碳(tan)(tan)分(fen)子篩(shai)變(bian)壓(ya)吸附氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)離(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)。4.應用(yong)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)鼓(gu)勵(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根據自(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興趣愛好(hao)參加科研(yan)項(xiang)(xiang)目和(he)(he)(he)(he)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)活動(dong)(dong)，全面(mian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)高學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)、探索(suo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，如能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源與(yu)(yu)環(huan)境催化(hua)(hua)(hua)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)備和(he)(he)(he)(he)測試實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，包(bao)括碳(tan)(tan)基(ji)(ji)復合(he)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)成實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)（發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)以(yi)碳(tan)(tan)納米管、碳(tan)(tan)納米纖維(wei)、石(shi)墨烯負載金屬氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)物催化(hua)(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)）、新(xin)型多(duo)孔功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)環(huan)境催化(hua)(hua)(hua)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)成與(yu)(yu)應用(yong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)增加能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)型實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)(xiang)目，進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步突出(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)特色，提(ti)(ti)高人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)質量(liang)。另外，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)課程(cheng)設(she)計(ji)、畢業實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習、畢業設(she)計(ji)、課內(nei)(nei)與(yu)(yu)課外、校內(nei)(nei)與(yu)(yu)校外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐和(he)(he)(he)(he)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)活動(dong)(dong)，鼓(gu)勵(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)積極(ji)參加，自(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)思(si)考，勇于(yu)探索(suo)，構(gou)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個從認(ren)識(shi)、掌(zhang)(zhang)握、應用(yong)到創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。平臺對外積極(ji)開展(zhan)(zhan)校企合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，與(yu)(yu)上(shang)海高橋石(shi)油化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)、華能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)上(shang)海石(shi)洞(dong)口第二(er)(er)電廠、上(shang)海石(shi)油天然(ran)氣(qi)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)、寶山(shan)鋼鐵股份有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)家(jia)(jia)大(da)型企業建(jian)立(li)了長期合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)關(guan)系(xi)，提(ti)(ti)高了學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現場分(fen)析、解(jie)決實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，真(zhen)正實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現了產教(jiao)融合(he)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)致(zhi)用(yong)。

二、實驗教學模式改革

近年(nian)來(lai)，*工業大學(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)工程學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)黨(dang)支(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)充分發(fa)揮(hui)支(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)戰斗(dou)堡壘作用和(he)黨(dang)員的(de)(de)先(xian)鋒(feng)模范作用，在(zai)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)建(jian)設、科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究、人才(cai)培養等(deng)方(fang)面都取得了一大批豐碩的(de)(de)成(cheng)果：*年(nian)該學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)被確(que)立為*省重(zhong)點(dian)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)，具有(you)(you)2個碩士點(dian)，先(xian)后(hou)獲(huo)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)教委先(xian)進實驗室等(deng)稱號；近三年(nian)累計(ji)到達科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)經費(fei)*萬(wan)元以(yi)上，68篇，其中SCI、EI論文4篇；獲(huo)發(fa)明(ming)專(zhuan)利2項，化(hua)(hua)(hua)工部(bu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)進步(bu)三等(deng)獎，省級科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)獎多(duo)項；在(zai)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上建(jian)立了化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)工程設計(ji)研(yan)(yan)究所及多(duo)個學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)性公司；研(yan)(yan)究開發(fa)塔板(ban)系列已在(zai)鎮海煉化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)20余家(jia)(jia)(jia)石化(hua)(hua)(hua)企業成(cheng)功應(ying)用，直接經濟效益超(chao)過2億元；該支(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)還鍛煉和(he)培養了一大批有(you)(you)成(cheng)就有(you)(you)水平(ping)的(de)(de)教師隊(dui)伍，在(zai)他們中間有(you)(you)中青年(nian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)、學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)帶(dai)頭人、全國優(you)(you)秀(xiu)教師、省級優(you)(you)秀(xiu)共產黨(dang)員、三育人"先(xian)進工作者、"三八"紅旗手等(deng)優(you)(you)秀(xiu)人才(cai)。

去(qu)年，該學(xue)科被(bei)評為"三(san)育人"先進(jin)(jin)單位，黨支部也(ye)連續多次被(bei)評為省及高(gao)校先進(jin)(jin)基層黨組織。

一(yi)、抓黨建(jian)、以黨建(jian)促發展，走出一(yi)條(tiao)富有特色的(de)產學研三位一(yi)體(ti)的(de)學科建(jian)設新路子。

黨(dang)支(zhi)部(bu)(bu)只有在學(xue)(xue)科(ke)中樹立較高的威信，才能領導和(he)團結(jie)教(jiao)職工(gong)(gong)共同奮斗，實現各(ge)項(xiang)事業的全面發展。面對新形勢(shi)，化學(xue)(xue)工(gong)(gong)程黨(dang)支(zhi)部(bu)(bu)確(que)立了(le)較為明確(que)的工(gong)(gong)作思路，抓黨(dang)建(jian)，以(yi)黨(dang)建(jian)促(cu)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)建(jian)設(she)(she)，把(ba)加強支(zhi)部(bu)(bu)建(jian)設(she)(she)，做好(hao)黨(dang)員培養(yang)、教(jiao)育(yu)工(gong)(gong)作和(he)產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作有機(ji)結(jie)合起來，互相促(cu)進(jin)，加快(kuai)發展。

80年代初，黨(dang)支部就與教(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)室(shi)(shi)一起確定了(le)要讓浙工大的(de)化(hua)工原理(li)成(cheng)為全國一流(liu)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)目(mu)標。該學(xue)科在(zai)抓課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)建設時(shi)重視黨(dang)員(yuan)作(zuo)用的(de)發(fa)揮，支部組織教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)集體(ti)備課(ke)(ke)，注意吸(xi)取最新(xin)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)成(cheng)果；把實(shi)驗課(ke)(ke)、習題(ti)課(ke)(ke)和理(li)論(lun)課(ke)(ke)分離單獨開(kai)課(ke)(ke)；引(yin)入(ru)了(le)計(ji)算機(ji)輔助(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)（CAI），目(mu)前(qian)出版CAI軟件(jian)二(er)套，已(yi)在(zai)全國十余所高校同類課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)推廣應用；在(zai)實(shi)驗教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中也引(yin)入(ru)了(le)計(ji)算機(ji)仿(fang)真技(ji)術和現代控制測試(shi)(shi)技(ji)術，目(mu)前(qian)已(yi)開(kai)設流(liu)體(ti)阻力(li)測定等(deng)(deng)7套計(ji)算機(ji)仿(fang)真實(shi)驗，離心泵特性(xing)曲線等(deng)(deng)實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)實(shi)現聯(lian)機(ji)測試(shi)(shi)。先(xian)后獲國家(jia)教(jiao)(jiao)委先(xian)進實(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)稱號、國家(jia)級優秀教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)成(cheng)果二(er)等(deng)(deng)獎等(deng)(deng)多項獎勵。

如何抓住機(ji)遇(yu)，全面推進學(xue)科(ke)(ke)發展成為(wei)黨支(zhi)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中的(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要問題。化學(xue)工(gong)程(cheng)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)在科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中，長期堅(jian)持(chi)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)主要研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)。70年代，他們(men)根據國(guo)(guo)內外研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)實際，把學(xue)科(ke)(ke)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)確定(ding)在傳質和(he)分(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)塔設(she)備(bei)(bei)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)上。20余年來始終圍繞這個主攻方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)開展工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，即使是在學(xue)校遷址期間，沒有充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)實驗設(she)備(bei)(bei)條件、資金和(he)人力的(de)(de)(de)情況下，仍(reng)然百折不撓長期堅(jian)持(chi)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)不動搖。黨支(zhi)部(bu)組織黨員學(xue)習借鑒和(he)吸收國(guo)(guo)外的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)成果和(he)先進技術(shu)，從最(zui)初的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)到應用于高純度分(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)塔和(he)大型煉油石化裝置上的(de)(de)(de)大通量DJ塔系列(lie)，一(yi)步一(yi)個腳(jiao)印地(di)將理(li)論研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、應用開發與工(gong)程(cheng)實踐密(mi)切地(di)結合(he)起來。