行政公(gong)文(wen)(wen)，是(shi)(shi)公(gong)務文(wen)(wen)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡稱，是(shi)(shi)人類在治理(li)(li)社會、管理(li)(li)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)務實踐中使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有法(fa)定(ding)權威(wei)和(he)規(gui)(gui)范格(ge)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用文(wen)(wen)。它是(shi)(shi)特(te)殊(shu)規(gui)(gui)范化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)體，具有其它文(wen)(wen)體所沒有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權威(wei)性，有法(fa)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)權限和(he)確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)讀(du)者(zhe)，有特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行文(wen)(wen)格(ge)式（注意(yi)：比模(mo)式更進一(yi)步）并有行文(wen)(wen)規(gui)(gui)則和(he)辦(ban)理(li)(li)辦(ban)法(fa)。我國(guo)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)一(yi)律按照國(guo)務院(yuan)辦(ban)公(gong)廳1987年2月(yue)18日、1993年11月(yue)修訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)家行政機關公(gong)文(wen)(wen)處(chu)理(li)(li)辦(ban)法(fa)》寫作(zuo)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)(li)。

公文(wen)(wen)(wen)寫作(zuo)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)很高，尤(you)其是要(yao)求(qiu)起(qi)草者具(ju)有工作(zuo)實踐的(de)(de)基礎，懂(dong)得(de)工作(zuo)中許(xu)多(duo)微妙的(de)(de)關節，而(er)在具(ju)體起(qi)草中要(yao)求(qiu)較好(hao)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)工夫。公文(wen)(wen)(wen)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)總的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)是莊(zhuang)重(zhong)、平實、概括。公文(wen)(wen)(wen)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)功夫的(de)(de)核心是選(xuan)詞。選(xuan)詞一：要(yao)根(gen)據所反映(ying)的(de)(de)客觀實際需要(yao)，二：要(yao)符(fu)合明晰、確切(qie)、簡(jian)練的(de)(de)標準，三：要(yao)根(gen)據具(ju)體的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)環境(jing)，為避免上下文(wen)(wen)(wen)重(zhong)復(fu)而(er)選(xuan)擇(ze)不同的(de)(de)詞語(yu)(yu)(yu)，注意文(wen)(wen)(wen)中所涉及(ji)對(dui)象和(he)閱讀對(dui)象。多(duo)用(yong)(yong)書面語(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書用(yong)(yong)語(yu)(yu)(yu)，少用(yong)(yong)形象和(he)描繪性詞語(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)口語(yu)(yu)(yu)，不用(yong)(yong)方言(yan)土語(yu)(yu)(yu)，十分(fen)規范。

需(xu)要(yao)特(te)別提出公文結構用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)。一是(shi)(shi)開頭用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)來表示行文目的(de)、依據、原因，伴隨情況等(deng)。如：為（了）、關于(yu)、由于(yu)、對于(yu)、根(gen)據、按（遵、依）照(zhao)、據、查、奉、茲等(deng)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)結尾用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)。如：為要(yao)（荷(he)、盼）、是(shi)(shi)荷(he)、特(te)此(ci)通知（報告(gao)、函告(gao)）等(deng)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)過渡(du)用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)。如為（對、因、據）此(ci)、鑒于(yu)、總之、綜上所(suo)述(shu)等(deng)。四是(shi)(shi)經辦用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)。如：經、已經、業經、現經、茲經、辦理(li)、責成、試行、執(zhi)行、貫徹執(zhi)行、研究(jiu)執(zhi)行、切實執(zhi)行等(deng)。五是(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)謂(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)。有第(di)一人(ren)稱(cheng)：我(wo)、本；第(di)二(er)人(ren)稱(cheng)：你、貴；第(di)三(san)人(ren)稱(cheng)：該(gai)。等(deng)等(deng)。

國家(jia)行政(zheng)公(gong)文有12類13種(zhong),即命令（令）；議案；決(jue)定(ding)；指示；公(gong)告、通告；通知(zhi)；通報；報告；請(qing)示；批復(fu)；函；會(hui)議紀要(yao)。公(gong)務員之家(jia)

公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)主(zhu)文(wen)(wen)結構(gou)，是(shi)指除(chu)了公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)格式（外(wai)部組織形(xing)式即文(wen)(wen)頭(tou)、主(zhu)文(wen)(wen)和文(wen)(wen)尾及其各項設(she)置）之外(wai)的公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)核心部分。

這一(yi)部分(fen)的寫(xie)作，是公文寫(xie)作的難點。

【摘要(yao)】行(xing)政公(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有很(hen)多，有些文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)意義(yi)和性質很(hen)相似(si)，因此有必要(yao)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)進(jin)行(xing)探討，這(zhe)有利于(yu)我們正(zheng)確(que)地(di)使用(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章對常見的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)出現的(de)錯誤(wu)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)剖析(xi)，進(jin)而提出了(le)正(zheng)確(que)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應該參考的(de)標準，目的(de)就是(shi)能使讀者在(zai)實際(ji)工作中(zhong)對如何正(zheng)確(que)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有所借鑒(jian)。

【關鍵(jian)詞】行政(zheng)公文；文種(zhong)；錯(cuo)誤類型

公文(wen)(wen)是在(zai)管理國家機關政(zheng)(zheng)務和(he)企業、事(shi)業單位事(shi)務過程中(zhong)形(xing)成(cheng)和(he)使用(yong)的具有法定(ding)效力和(he)規范體式(shi)的公務文(wen)(wen)書，是制定(ding)與(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)策法令，傳達方(fang)針政(zheng)(zheng)策與(yu)意(yi)圖(tu)，部署、指導(dao)、商洽(qia)與(yu)報(bao)告工作，交流(liu)工作經(jing)驗(yan)和(he)情況，記錄工作活動(dong)的書面(mian)文(wen)(wen)字工具，因此，它在(zai)國家政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、經(jing)濟、文(wen)(wen)化、軍事(shi)和(he)科學活動(dong)中(zhong)起(qi)著不可(ke)替代(dai)的作用(yong)。劉勰(xie)在(zai)《文(wen)(wen)心雕龍》中(zhong)所(suo)說“章(zhang)表奏議，經(jing)國之樞機”就(jiu)直接指明(ming)了公文(wen)(wen)在(zai)治(zhi)理國政(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)面(mian)所(suo)起(qi)的紐帶和(he)關鍵的巨大作用(yong)。

公(gong)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)有(you)很(hen)多。它包括上級(ji)政策指令性文(wen)(wen)件、法令性文(wen)(wen)件、對(dui)有(you)關(guan)問題的(de)(de)批復(fu)等；有(you)本單位工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中形成(cheng)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)計劃、工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)總結、規(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)、統計報表、領導的(de)(de)講(jiang)話(hua)稿、會議紀(ji)要、電話(hua)記(ji)錄、收發(fa)文(wen)(wen)登記(ji)冊(ce)等；有(you)下屬機關(guan)或單位送來的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)報告、請示(shi)、情況反映等。因此，有(you)必要對(dui)現在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)按照實際需要和(he)一定的(de)(de)標準，劃定每一公(gong)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍，有(you)利(li)于(yu)我(wo)們正確認識和(he)選擇文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)，以(yi)免錯用(yong)(yong)和(he)混用(yong)(yong)；有(you)利(li)于(yu)提高公(gong)文(wen)(wen)寫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)質量和(he)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)化；有(you)利(li)于(yu)提高公(gong)文(wen)(wen)運轉和(he)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)處理的(de)(de)效率(lv)；還有(you)利(li)于(yu)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)立卷(juan)歸檔(dang)和(he)科學管理。

新中國(guo)成(cheng)立后，黨和(he)(he)國(guo)家歷來(lai)十分重視(shi)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種的(de)(de)劃分和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)處(chu)理工(gong)作，并就(jiu)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)處(chu)理問(wen)題多次(ci)下文(wen)(wen)進行(xing)修改和(he)(he)強調，因此(ci)，弄清(qing)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)種類的(de)(de)范圍、明白確定公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種的(de)(de)意義、掌握選用(yong)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種的(de)(de)方法十分重要。

從公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)分(fen)，可以把公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)劃(hua)分(fen)為通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩大類。通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是指在黨政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、社會(hui)團體和企事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)單(dan)位(wei)中(zhong)普遍使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)、規范化的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。我國現行通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一般專(zhuan)(zhuan)指2000年中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和國國務(wu)院辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳（修訂）的(de)(de)《國家(jia)行政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處理辦(ban)法(fa)》中(zhong)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)我國各(ge)(ge)(ge)級行政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種有命令(ling)（令(ling)）、決定(ding)(ding)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)、通(tong)(tong)告(gao)、通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、議(yi)(yi)案(an)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、請示(shi)、批(pi)復(fu)、意(yi)見(jian)、函、會(hui)議(yi)(yi)紀(ji)要(yao)等共(gong)十(shi)二類十(shi)三種。另(ling)外，1996年5月中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳印發(fa)了《中(zhong)國共(gong)產(chan)黨機(ji)(ji)關(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處理條(tiao)例》，規定(ding)(ding)中(zhong)國共(gong)產(chan)黨各(ge)(ge)(ge)級各(ge)(ge)(ge)類機(ji)(ji)關(guan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種有決議(yi)(yi)、決定(ding)(ding)、指示(shi)、意(yi)見(jian)、通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、請示(shi)、批(pi)復(fu)、條(tiao)例、規定(ding)(ding)、函、會(hui)議(yi)(yi)紀(ji)要(yao)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種。綜(zong)合上(shang)述規定(ding)(ding)，我國現行各(ge)(ge)(ge)級各(ge)(ge)(ge)類黨政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)單(dan)位(wei)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)主要(yao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種歸納起(qi)來共(gong)十(shi)八(ba)種，它們是命令(ling)（令(ling)）、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)、通(tong)(tong)告(gao)、決定(ding)(ding)、決議(yi)(yi)、指示(shi)、意(yi)見(jian)、條(tiao)例、規定(ding)(ding)、議(yi)(yi)案(an)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、請示(shi)、批(pi)復(fu)、通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)、通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、會(hui)議(yi)(yi)紀(ji)要(yao)、函。它們的(de)(de)特點是具(ju)有統一的(de)(de)名(ming)稱、格式和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方法(fa)。專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是指在一定(ding)(ding)工作部門和特殊專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)范圍(wei)所使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，如外交(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、司法(fa)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、軍事(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、計(ji)劃(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、統計(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、財會(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、科技(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等。每一種專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)還各(ge)(ge)(ge)有許多具(ju)有專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)特色的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)稱，如外交(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有照會(hui)、國書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、外交(jiao)函件、備忘錄、議(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、外交(jiao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)等。其特點是專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)性強(qiang)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種繁多。因此，在本文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)，我們只討(tao)論我國現行的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)名(ming)稱的(de)(de)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

行政(zheng)(zheng)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)，是公(gong)(gong)務文(wen)書的(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，是人類在治理(li)社會、管理(li)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)務實踐中(zhong)使(shi)用的(de)(de)具有(you)法(fa)定(ding)權(quan)威(wei)和(he)規范格(ge)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)應用文(wen)。它是特殊規范化的(de)(de)文(wen)體(ti)，具有(you)其它文(wen)體(ti)所沒有(you)的(de)(de)權(quan)威(wei)性，有(you)法(fa)定(ding)的(de)(de)制作權(quan)限和(he)確定(ding)的(de)(de)讀(du)者，有(you)特定(ding)的(de)(de)行文(wen)格(ge)式(shi)(shi)（注意：比模式(shi)(shi)更進(jin)一步(bu)）并(bing)有(you)行文(wen)規則(ze)和(he)辦理(li)辦法(fa)。我國(guo)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)一律(lv)按照(zhao)國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公(gong)(gong)廳1987年2月18日、1993年11月修訂的(de)(de)《國(guo)家(jia)行政(zheng)(zheng)機關(guan)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)處理(li)辦法(fa)》寫(xie)作和(he)辦理(li)。

公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)寫作(zuo)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)很高，尤其是(shi)要求(qiu)(qiu)起草者具(ju)有(you)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)實踐的(de)(de)基礎(chu)，懂得工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中許多(duo)微妙的(de)(de)關節，而(er)在具(ju)體起草中要求(qiu)(qiu)較好(hao)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字語(yu)言(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)夫(fu)。公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)語(yu)言(yan)(yan)總(zong)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)莊重、平實、概括(kuo)。公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)語(yu)言(yan)(yan)功夫(fu)的(de)(de)核心是(shi)選詞(ci)。選詞(ci)一(yi)：要根據所反映的(de)(de)客觀(guan)實際需要，二：要符合明晰、確(que)切、簡練的(de)(de)標準，三：要根據具(ju)體的(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)(yan)環(huan)境，為避免上下文(wen)(wen)(wen)重復而(er)選擇不同的(de)(de)詞(ci)語(yu)，注意(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)中所涉及對(dui)象(xiang)和(he)閱讀對(dui)象(xiang)。多(duo)用書(shu)面語(yu)和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)用語(yu)，少用形象(xiang)和(he)描繪性詞(ci)語(yu)和(he)口語(yu)，不用方(fang)言(yan)(yan)土語(yu)，十分規范(fan)。

需要特別提出(chu)公文結構(gou)用(yong)(yong)語。一(yi)是(shi)開頭用(yong)(yong)語，用(yong)(yong)來(lai)表示行(xing)(xing)(xing)文目的、依(yi)(yi)據、原因(yin)，伴(ban)隨情況(kuang)等(deng)。如：為(wei)（了）、關于、由于、對于、根據、按（遵(zun)、依(yi)(yi)）照(zhao)、據、查、奉、茲(zi)等(deng)。二(er)是(shi)結尾用(yong)(yong)語。如：為(wei)要（荷(he)(he)、盼）、是(shi)荷(he)(he)、特此(ci)通(tong)知（報告、函告）等(deng)。三(san)是(shi)過渡用(yong)(yong)語。如為(wei)（對、因(yin)、據）此(ci)、鑒于、總之、綜上(shang)所述等(deng)。四是(shi)經(jing)辦用(yong)(yong)語。如：經(jing)、已經(jing)、業(ye)經(jing)、現經(jing)、茲(zi)經(jing)、辦理、責成、試行(xing)(xing)(xing)、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、貫徹執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、研究執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、切實執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。五是(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂用(yong)(yong)語。有第一(yi)人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)：我、本；第二(er)人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)：你(ni)、貴(gui)；第三(san)人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)：該。等(deng)等(deng)。

國家行政公文有(you)12類13種(zhong),即(ji)命令(ling)（令(ling)）；議案；決定；指示；公告、通(tong)(tong)(tong)告；通(tong)(tong)(tong)知；通(tong)(tong)(tong)報；報告；請示；批(pi)復；函(han)；會議紀(ji)要。

公(gong)文(wen)主文(wen)結構(gou)，是指除了(le)公(gong)文(wen)格(ge)式(shi)（外(wai)部組織(zhi)形式(shi)即(ji)文(wen)頭、主文(wen)和文(wen)尾及其(qi)各(ge)項設置）之外(wai)的公(gong)文(wen)核(he)心部分。

這一部分的寫作，是公(gong)文(wen)寫作的難點(dian)。

行(xing)政(zheng)公文(wen)，是(shi)公務文(wen)書的(de)(de)簡稱，是(shi)人類在(zai)治(zhi)理(li)(li)社會、管理(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)公務實踐中使用(yong)的(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)法定權(quan)威和規(gui)范格式的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)文(wen)。它(ta)(ta)是(shi)特殊規(gui)范化的(de)(de)文(wen)體，具(ju)有(you)其它(ta)(ta)文(wen)體所沒有(you)的(de)(de)權(quan)威性，有(you)法定的(de)(de)制作權(quan)限和確(que)定的(de)(de)讀者，有(you)特定的(de)(de)行(xing)文(wen)格式（注(zhu)意：比模式更進一步）并(bing)有(you)行(xing)文(wen)規(gui)則和辦理(li)(li)辦法。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)公文(wen)一律按照國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳1987年2月(yue)18日、1993年11月(yue)修訂的(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)家行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關公文(wen)處理(li)(li)辦法》寫作和辦理(li)(li)。

公(gong)文(wen)寫作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)要求很高(gao)，尤其是(shi)(shi)要求起草者具有工(gong)作(zuo)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)基礎，懂得工(gong)作(zuo)中許多微(wei)妙(miao)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)節，而(er)在具體(ti)起草中要求較好的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字語(yu)言(yan)工(gong)夫。公(gong)文(wen)語(yu)言(yan)總的(de)(de)(de)要求是(shi)(shi)莊重、平實(shi)(shi)、概括。公(gong)文(wen)語(yu)言(yan)功夫的(de)(de)(de)核心是(shi)(shi)選詞(ci)。選詞(ci)一：要根據所反映的(de)(de)(de)客觀實(shi)(shi)際(ji)需要，二：要符合明晰、確切(qie)、簡(jian)練的(de)(de)(de)標準，三(san)：要根據具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)環境(jing)，為避免上下文(wen)重復而(er)選擇不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)語(yu)，注意文(wen)中所涉及對象和閱讀對象。多用書面語(yu)和文(wen)書用語(yu)，少(shao)用形(xing)象和描(miao)繪性詞(ci)語(yu)和口語(yu)，不(bu)用方(fang)言(yan)土語(yu)，十(shi)分規范。

需要(yao)特(te)別提出公文結(jie)構用語(yu)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開頭用語(yu)，用來表(biao)示行(xing)文目的、依(yi)據(ju)、原(yuan)因(yin)，伴隨情況等(deng)(deng)。如(ru)：為（了(le)）、關于、由于、對于、根據(ju)、按（遵(zun)、依(yi)）照、據(ju)、查(cha)、奉(feng)、茲等(deng)(deng)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)尾用語(yu)。如(ru)：為要(yao)（荷、盼(pan)）、是(shi)(shi)(shi)荷、特(te)此(ci)通(tong)知(zhi)（報告、函告）等(deng)(deng)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)過渡用語(yu)。如(ru)為（對、因(yin)、據(ju)）此(ci)、鑒于、總之、綜上所述等(deng)(deng)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)經辦用語(yu)。如(ru)：經、已(yi)經、業(ye)經、現經、茲經、辦理、責成、試行(xing)、執(zhi)行(xing)、貫(guan)徹執(zhi)行(xing)、研(yan)究執(zhi)行(xing)、切實執(zhi)行(xing)等(deng)(deng)。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)謂用語(yu)。有第(di)一(yi)人(ren)稱(cheng)：我、本(ben)；第(di)二人(ren)稱(cheng)：你、貴；第(di)三人(ren)稱(cheng)：該。等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

國家行政公文有(you)12類13種,即(ji)命令（令）；議案；決定；指示；公告(gao)、通(tong)告(gao)；通(tong)知；通(tong)報；報告(gao)；請示；批復；函；會議紀要。

公(gong)文(wen)主文(wen)結(jie)構，是指除了公(gong)文(wen)格式（外(wai)部(bu)組織形式即(ji)文(wen)頭(tou)、主文(wen)和文(wen)尾及其各項(xiang)設置）之(zhi)外(wai)的公(gong)文(wen)核(he)心部(bu)分(fen)。

這一部分的寫作(zuo)，是公文寫作(zuo)的難點。

年月日，區(qu)委(wei)副(fu)書記、副(fu)區(qu)長，在(zai)地區(qu)鎮主持召開了對地區(qu)放寬政策和發(fa)展第(di)三產業的現場辦(ban)公會議(yi)。

會(hui)議決定事(shi)項如下：

一(yi)、關于放寬(kuan)政策問題

（一(yi)）為了貫(guan)徹(che)地(di)區(qu)工(gong)作會議精神，對退(tui)耕(geng)還林(lin)地(di)區(qu)所(suo)造成的農民(min)口糧減少(shao)問題，區(qu)委決定保證該地(di)區(qu)每人每年斤口糧，由糧食部(bu)(bu)門(men)調給議價糧，按平價銷售。價差由鄉、鎮(zhen)財政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)門(men)根據不同情況予(yu)以補貼(tie)。由農林(lin)部(bu)(bu)門(men)與鄉、鎮(zhen)政(zheng)府作出年度計劃，經(jing)農林(lin)、糧食、財政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)門(men)認定后，報農林(lin)部(bu)(bu)門(men)核(he)批(pi)。

（二）貸款問題(ti)。支(zhi)持地區(qu)的經濟發展，只有發展企業和廣開多種經營門路，為此(ci)農業銀行在(zai)貸款上(shang)給(gei)予(yu)支(zhi)持。

（三(san)）興(xing)辦(ban)(ban)企業(ye)，辦(ban)(ban)理工(gong)商(shang)營業(ye)執照問題。區(qu)(qu)政府(fu)確定一位(wei)副區(qu)(qu)長，定期召開區(qu)(qu)有(you)關部門負責同志參加的現場辦(ban)(ban)公會，現場審查核批。

國家行政機關公(gong)文處理辦法

第一章總則

第一條為使國家行(xing)政機(ji)關（以下簡(jian)稱行(xing)政機(ji)關）的公文處理工作(zuo)規范(fan)化(hua)、制度化(hua)、科(ke)學(xue)化(hua)，制定(ding)本辦法。

第二條行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)的公(gong)文（包括電(dian)報，下同），是行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)在行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理過程中所形成的具(ju)有法定(ding)效力(li)和規(gui)范體式的文書，是依法行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)和進行(xing)公(gong)務活動的重要工具(ju)。

第三條(tiao)公文(wen)處理是指公文(wen)的(de)辦理、管理、整理（立卷(juan)）、歸檔等一(yi)系列相(xiang)互關聯、銜(xian)接有序的(de)工作。

第(di)四條公文處理(li)應當堅持實事(shi)求是、精簡、高效的(de)原則，做到及時、準確(que)、安全(quan)。

第一章總則

第一條為使國家行政(zheng)機關(guan)（以下簡稱(cheng)行政(zheng)機關(guan)）的(de)公文處(chu)理工作(zuo)規范化(hua)(hua)、制(zhi)度化(hua)(hua)、科學化(hua)(hua)，制(zhi)定本辦(ban)法。

第(di)二條行政機關的公文(wen)（包括電報，下同），是行政機關在行政管(guan)理過程中形(xing)成的具(ju)有法定(ding)效力和(he)(he)規范體式的文(wen)書，是依法行政和(he)(he)進行公務活(huo)動(dong)的重要工(gong)具(ju)。

第三條(tiao)公文處理指公文的(de)辦理、管理、整理（立卷(juan)）、歸檔等一(yi)系列相互關聯、銜接有序的(de)工作。

第四條公文處理應當堅持(chi)實(shi)事(shi)求是、精(jing)簡(jian)、高(gao)效的原則，做到及時、準確、安全(quan)。

第五條(tiao)公文處理必須嚴格執行國家(jia)保(bao)密法(fa)律、法(fa)規和其它有關規定，確(que)保(bao)國家(jia)秘(mi)密的安全。

【摘要】行(xing)政公(gong)文文種(zhong)有(you)很多，有(you)些文種(zhong)的(de)(de)意義和性(xing)質很相似，因此有(you)必要對(dui)(dui)公(gong)文文種(zhong)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇進(jin)(jin)行(xing)探(tan)討，這(zhe)有(you)利于我們(men)正(zheng)(zheng)確地使(shi)用公(gong)文文種(zhong)。文章對(dui)(dui)常見的(de)(de)文種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)用過程中出現的(de)(de)錯誤進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了剖析(xi)，進(jin)(jin)而(er)提出了正(zheng)(zheng)確選(xuan)(xuan)用公(gong)文文種(zhong)應該參考的(de)(de)標準，目的(de)(de)就是能使(shi)讀者在(zai)實(shi)際工作中對(dui)(dui)如(ru)何(he)正(zheng)(zheng)確選(xuan)(xuan)用公(gong)文文種(zhong)有(you)所借鑒。

【關鍵詞(ci)】行政公文；文種；錯(cuo)誤類型

公(gong)(gong)文(wen)是(shi)在(zai)管理國家(jia)(jia)機關政務和企業、事(shi)業單位(wei)事(shi)務過(guo)程中形成和使(shi)用的(de)具有法(fa)定效力和規(gui)范體(ti)式的(de)公(gong)(gong)務文(wen)書，是(shi)制定與政策法(fa)令，傳(chuan)達(da)方針政策與意圖(tu)，部(bu)署、指導、商洽與報告工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，交流(liu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)經驗和情況，記錄(lu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)活動的(de)書面(mian)文(wen)字工(gong)具，因此，它在(zai)國家(jia)(jia)政治、經濟(ji)、文(wen)化、軍事(shi)和科學活動中起著(zhu)不可替代的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。劉(liu)勰在(zai)《文(wen)心雕龍》中所說“章表奏議，經國之樞機”就(jiu)直接指明了(le)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)在(zai)治理國政方面(mian)所起的(de)紐帶和關鍵的(de)巨大(da)作(zuo)(zuo)用。

公(gong)(gong)文(wen)的文(wen)種(zhong)有(you)(you)很(hen)多。它(ta)包括上級政策指令性(xing)文(wen)件、法令性(xing)文(wen)件、對有(you)(you)關問題的批復等(deng)；有(you)(you)本單(dan)位工作(zuo)中(zhong)形成(cheng)的工作(zuo)計劃(hua)、工作(zuo)總結、規章制度(du)、統計報表、領導的講(jiang)話稿、會議紀(ji)要、電(dian)話記錄(lu)、收發文(wen)登記冊等(deng)；有(you)(you)下屬(shu)機關或單(dan)位送來的工作(zuo)報告、請示、情(qing)況反映等(deng)。因此(ci)，有(you)(you)必要對現(xian)在使用的公(gong)(gong)文(wen)文(wen)種(zhong)按照實際需要和(he)一(yi)定(ding)的標準(zhun)，劃(hua)定(ding)每一(yi)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)的種(zhong)類的適用范圍，有(you)(you)利于我們正確認識(shi)和(he)選擇文(wen)種(zhong)，以免錯用和(he)混用；有(you)(you)利于提(ti)高公(gong)(gong)文(wen)寫作(zuo)的質量和(he)規范化(hua)；有(you)(you)利于提(ti)高公(gong)(gong)文(wen)運轉和(he)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)處理的效率；還有(you)(you)利于公(gong)(gong)文(wen)的立卷歸檔和(he)科(ke)學管理。

新中國成立后(hou)，黨和國家歷來(lai)十分(fen)重(zhong)視公文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)的劃(hua)分(fen)和公文(wen)(wen)處理(li)工作，并(bing)就公文(wen)(wen)處理(li)問題多次(ci)下文(wen)(wen)進行修改(gai)和強(qiang)調，因此(ci)，弄清公文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)類(lei)的范圍、明白確定公文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)的意義、掌握選用公文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)的方法(fa)十分(fen)重(zhong)要。

從公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)分，可以把(ba)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)劃分為通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩大(da)類(lei)。通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)指在(zai)黨(dang)(dang)政機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、社會(hui)(hui)團(tuan)體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)(he)企事業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)中(zhong)普遍使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)、規(gui)范化的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一般專指2000年(nian)中(zhong)華人民(min)共和(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)國(guo)務(wu)院辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳（修訂）的(de)(de)《國(guo)家行(xing)政機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處(chu)理(li)辦法》中(zhong)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)各級(ji)行(xing)政機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)命令（令）、決(jue)定(ding)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)、通(tong)(tong)告(gao)、通(tong)(tong)知、通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、議(yi)(yi)(yi)案(an)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、請示(shi)、批(pi)(pi)復(fu)、意(yi)見(jian)、函(han)(han)、會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)紀(ji)要(yao)等共十二類(lei)十三種(zhong)。另外(wai)(wai)，1996年(nian)5月中(zhong)共中(zhong)央辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳印發了《中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處(chu)理(li)條(tiao)例(li)》，規(gui)定(ding)中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)各級(ji)各類(lei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)決(jue)議(yi)(yi)(yi)、決(jue)定(ding)、指示(shi)、意(yi)見(jian)、通(tong)(tong)知、通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、請示(shi)、批(pi)(pi)復(fu)、條(tiao)例(li)、規(gui)定(ding)、函(han)(han)、會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)紀(ji)要(yao)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)。綜合上述規(gui)定(ding)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)各級(ji)各類(lei)黨(dang)(dang)政機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)單(dan)位(wei)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)主要(yao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)歸納起來(lai)共十八種(zhong)，它們(men)是(shi)命令（令）、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)、通(tong)(tong)告(gao)、決(jue)定(ding)、決(jue)議(yi)(yi)(yi)、指示(shi)、意(yi)見(jian)、條(tiao)例(li)、規(gui)定(ding)、議(yi)(yi)(yi)案(an)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)、請示(shi)、批(pi)(pi)復(fu)、通(tong)(tong)知、通(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)(yi)紀(ji)要(yao)、函(han)(han)。它們(men)的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)具有(you)(you)(you)統(tong)一的(de)(de)名稱、格式和(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法。專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)指在(zai)一定(ding)工作部門和(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)殊專業(ye)業(ye)務(wu)范圍(wei)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)專業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)，如(ru)外(wai)(wai)交文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)、司法文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)、軍事文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)、計劃文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)、統(tong)計文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)、財(cai)會(hui)(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)、科技文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)等。每一種(zhong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)還各有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)具有(you)(you)(you)專業(ye)特(te)色的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)名稱，如(ru)外(wai)(wai)交文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)照會(hui)(hui)、國(guo)書(shu)(shu)、外(wai)(wai)交函(han)(han)件、備忘錄、議(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)書(shu)(shu)、外(wai)(wai)交公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)等。其特(te)點是(shi)專業(ye)性強(qiang)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)繁多(duo)(duo)。因(yin)此，在(zai)本文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)只討論我(wo)(wo)國(guo)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)名稱的(de)(de)劃定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

【摘要(yao)(yao)】行政公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)很多，有(you)(you)些文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)意義和性質很相(xiang)似，因此(ci)有(you)(you)必要(yao)(yao)對公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)選擇進行探討，這有(you)(you)利(li)于我們正確(que)(que)地使用公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章對常見(jian)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)選用過程(cheng)中出現的(de)錯(cuo)誤進行了剖析，進而提(ti)出了正確(que)(que)選用公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)應該參(can)考(kao)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)，目的(de)就是能使讀(du)者在實際工作(zuo)中對如何(he)正確(que)(que)選用公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)所(suo)借鑒。

【關鍵詞】行政公文(wen)；文(wen)種；錯誤類型

公(gong)文(wen)是在管理國(guo)家(jia)機(ji)關政務和(he)企業、事業單位(wei)事務過程中形成和(he)使用的(de)具有法(fa)定效(xiao)力和(he)規范體式(shi)的(de)公(gong)務文(wen)書，是制(zhi)定與政策法(fa)令(ling)，傳達方針政策與意圖，部(bu)署、指導、商洽與報告工作(zuo)，交流工作(zuo)經(jing)驗和(he)情況(kuang)，記(ji)錄工作(zuo)活動的(de)書面文(wen)字工具，因(yin)此，它(ta)在國(guo)家(jia)政治、經(jing)濟、文(wen)化(hua)、軍事和(he)科學活動中起著不可(ke)替代(dai)的(de)作(zuo)用。劉(liu)勰在《文(wen)心(xin)雕龍(long)》中所說“章表奏議(yi)，經(jing)國(guo)之樞機(ji)”就(jiu)直接指明了公(gong)文(wen)在治理國(guo)政方面所起的(de)紐帶和(he)關鍵的(de)巨大作(zuo)用。

公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種有(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)。它包(bao)括上級政策指令(ling)性文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)、法令(ling)性文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)、對有(you)(you)關問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)批復等(deng)；有(you)(you)本單位工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中形成的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)計劃、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)總結(jie)、規章制度、統計報表、領導的(de)(de)(de)講話(hua)稿、會議(yi)紀要(yao)、電話(hua)記錄、收發文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)登記冊(ce)等(deng)；有(you)(you)下(xia)屬機(ji)關或單位送來的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報告、請(qing)示、情況反映等(deng)。因此，有(you)(you)必要(yao)對現在(zai)使用的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種按(an)照實際(ji)需要(yao)和(he)(he)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準，劃定(ding)每一公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)種類的(de)(de)(de)適用范圍，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)我(wo)們(men)正(zheng)確認識(shi)和(he)(he)選(xuan)擇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種，以免錯用和(he)(he)混用；有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)提(ti)(ti)高公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)寫作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)(he)規范化(hua)；有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)提(ti)(ti)高公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)運(yun)轉和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)效率；還有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)公(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)立卷(juan)歸檔和(he)(he)科(ke)學管理(li)。

新中國(guo)成立后，黨和國(guo)家(jia)歷來十(shi)分(fen)(fen)重視公(gong)文(wen)文(wen)種(zhong)的(de)(de)劃分(fen)(fen)和公(gong)文(wen)處(chu)理(li)工作(zuo)，并就公(gong)文(wen)處(chu)理(li)問(wen)題多次下(xia)文(wen)進行修改和強調，因(yin)此，弄(nong)清(qing)公(gong)文(wen)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)、明白(bai)確定(ding)公(gong)文(wen)文(wen)種(zhong)的(de)(de)意義、掌握選(xuan)用公(gong)文(wen)文(wen)種(zhong)的(de)(de)方法十(shi)分(fen)(fen)重要。

從公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍分(fen)，可以把公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)劃(hua)分(fen)為通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)兩大類。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)黨政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關、社會(hui)團體和(he)企事業單位(wei)中(zhong)普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)(yi)般專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)指(zhi)2000年中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳（修訂(ding)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)家行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處(chu)理(li)辦(ban)法》中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)(guo)各(ge)級行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)命(ming)令(ling)(ling)（令(ling)(ling)）、決(jue)定(ding)(ding)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)告(gao)(gao)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、議(yi)(yi)案、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)、請(qing)示(shi)、批(pi)(pi)復、意見(jian)、函(han)、會(hui)議(yi)(yi)紀要等(deng)共(gong)(gong)十(shi)二類十(shi)三種(zhong)(zhong)。另外，1996年5月中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳印(yin)發了《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨機(ji)關公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)處(chu)理(li)條(tiao)例(li)》，規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨各(ge)級各(ge)類機(ji)關使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)決(jue)議(yi)(yi)、決(jue)定(ding)(ding)、指(zhi)示(shi)、意見(jian)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)、請(qing)示(shi)、批(pi)(pi)復、條(tiao)例(li)、規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)、函(han)、會(hui)議(yi)(yi)紀要等(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)。綜合上(shang)述規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)各(ge)級各(ge)類黨政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關單位(wei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)歸納(na)起來共(gong)(gong)十(shi)八種(zhong)(zhong)，它(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)命(ming)令(ling)(ling)（令(ling)(ling)）、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)告(gao)(gao)、決(jue)定(ding)(ding)、決(jue)議(yi)(yi)、指(zhi)示(shi)、意見(jian)、條(tiao)例(li)、規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)、議(yi)(yi)案、報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)、請(qing)示(shi)、批(pi)(pi)復、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知、通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)報(bao)(bao)、會(hui)議(yi)(yi)紀要、函(han)。它(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)具有(you)統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱、格式和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方法。專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)工作部門和(he)特殊專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業業務范(fan)圍所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)，如外交(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、司法文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、軍(jun)事文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、計(ji)劃(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、統計(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、財會(hui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、科技文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)。每一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)還各(ge)有(you)許多(duo)具有(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)稱，如外交(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)照會(hui)、國(guo)(guo)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、外交(jiao)(jiao)函(han)件、備忘(wang)錄、議(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、外交(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)等(deng)。其特點是(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業性(xing)強，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo)。因此，在(zai)本文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)，我們(men)(men)只討論(lun)我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

隨著第二次中央新疆(jiang)(jiang)工作座談會的(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)利召開，黨中央和自治區(qu)領導高(gao)度重(zhong)視新疆(jiang)(jiang)經濟(ji)發展(zhan)與教(jiao)(jiao)育問(wen)題，現今全疆(jiang)(jiang)范圍(wei)內開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)雙語(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)育已(yi)初(chu)見(jian)成效，在(zai)此基礎上如何讓(rang)高(gao)職(zhi)民族班的(de)(de)(de)學生系(xi)統掌(zhang)握(wo)應(ying)用文(wen)寫作的(de)(de)(de)相關知(zhi)識，深化他們對于漢(han)語(yu)書寫的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用能(neng)力成為(wei)我(wo)們應(ying)該解決的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。本文(wen)通過對高(gao)職(zhi)民族班學生學習特點、應(ying)用文(wen)寫作中“行政公文(wen)”教(jiao)(jiao)學方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)步探索，希望(wang)對高(gao)職(zhi)民族班應(ying)用文(wen)寫作教(jiao)(jiao)學提供一些參考意見(jian)。

一(yi)、民族班學(xue)生學(xue)習特(te)點

(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))上(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)真，課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)紀律情況較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好。在(zai)(zai)授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，筆者(zhe)(zhe)發現(xian)，民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)絕(jue)大(da)多數(shu)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)夠(gou)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)真聽(ting)講，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好地保持課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)記(ji)錄，上(shang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)如(ru)(ru)有遲到者(zhe)(zhe)，必(bi)知會(hui)授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)教師并(bing)等待(dai)教師指示(shi)再進入班(ban)(ban)級(ji)。充分說明(ming)(ming)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)求知欲高(gao)，且有尊(zun)敬師長的(de)(de)(de)思維習(xi)慣。(二(er))漢(han)語(yu)(yu)基(ji)礎薄(bo)弱，理(li)解(jie)知識點有困難。民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)績普遍較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，究(jiu)其(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，他(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)基(ji)礎較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)，從小接觸的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本上(shang)是本民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)言(yan);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，他(ta)們(men)(men)從小接受(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)教育與其(qi)他(ta)地區(qu)(qu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)很遠(yuan)。他(ta)們(men)(men)存在(zai)(zai)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)中(zhong)。這是因(yin)為(wei)大(da)部分民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雖然接受(shou)(shou)了為(wei)期一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)科教育，但(dan)(dan)受(shou)(shou)主(zhu)客(ke)觀因(yin)素(su)影響，漢(han)語(yu)(yu)水平提高(gao)有限，再者(zhe)(zhe)絕(jue)大(da)多數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)(yuan)來很少接觸像“行政公文(wen)(wen)”這樣專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用文(wen)(wen)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)難度遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超出了他(ta)們(men)(men)接受(shou)(shou)能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍，他(ta)們(men)(men)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)起來感到很吃力，進而(er)失去學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)興趣，最終導(dao)致成(cheng)績不(bu)理(li)想。如(ru)(ru)現(xian)代漢(han)語(yu)(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)點符(fu)號(hao)多，相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)符(fu)號(hao)難以(yi)區(qu)(qu)別，民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掌握起來難度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da);又(you)如(ru)(ru)請假條、病假條等具體(ti)文(wen)(wen)種(zhong)寫作格(ge)式(shi)多樣，由于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對這類寫作不(bu)重視，導(dao)致對書寫格(ge)式(shi)不(bu)理(li)解(jie)，或者(zhe)(zhe)即使理(li)解(jie)了也記(ji)不(bu)住書寫格(ge)式(shi)，結果書寫出了各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)(de)錯誤格(ge)式(shi)。(三)課(ke)(ke)(ke)堂(tang)互動(dong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)困難。在(zai)(zai)授(shou)課(ke)(ke)(ke)過程(cheng)中(zhong)明(ming)(ming)顯感到，雖然學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)真聽(ting)課(ke)(ke)(ke)，但(dan)(dan)如(ru)(ru)若教師提出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)具體(ti)問(wen)(wen)題，鮮有人能(neng)夠(gou)主(zhu)動(dong)作答(da)(da)。通常必(bi)須按花名(ming)冊點名(ming)問(wen)(wen)答(da)(da)，但(dan)(dan)互動(dong)效(xiao)果較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般。究(jiu)其(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，筆者(zhe)(zhe)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)班(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因(yin)為(wei)自身漢(han)語(yu)(yu)基(ji)礎較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)弱，即使知道教師提問(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)答(da)(da)案(an)，但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)解(jie)題表達上(shang)可(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)言(yan)組織困難，進而(er)不(bu)敢(gan)回(hui)答(da)(da)，慢(man)慢(man)形成(cheng)不(bu)愿回(hui)答(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣。

二、《行政公文》授課特點

(一)以基(ji)(ji)本概念(nian)(nian)為基(ji)(ji)礎。行(xing)政(zheng)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)類別(bie)繁多(duo)，但基(ji)(ji)礎是其(qi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體概念(nian)(nian)，學生只有(you)牢記基(ji)(ji)本概念(nian)(nian)，才能在(zai)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體學習中(zhong)掌(zhang)握各文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)的具(ju)(ju)(ju)體差別(bie)，以免混淆。(二(er))文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)多(duo)樣。行(xing)政(zheng)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，相(xiang)互間(jian)既有(you)聯系又(you)有(you)區別(bie)，授(shou)課有(you)一定(ding)(ding)難度。國家(jia)行(xing)政(zheng)機關公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)最新版本有(you)15種(zhong)，分別(bie)是決議、決定(ding)(ding)、命令(令)、公(gong)報(bao)、公(gong)告、通(tong)告、意見、通(tong)知、通(tong)報(bao)、報(bao)告、請示、批復、議案、函(han)、紀要(yao)，比2000年8月的版本多(duo)了決議和公(gong)報(bao)兩個文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)。如此多(duo)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)，讓高職民(min)族班學生完(wan)全(quan)掌(zhang)握、理解(jie)難度較大。(三)寫作格式固(gu)定(ding)(ding)。行(xing)政(zheng)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)寫作有(you)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)的格式，根據不同(tong)內容選(xuan)擇(ze)相(xiang)應文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體。教師在(zai)授(shou)課過(guo)程中(zhong)，需要(yao)帶領學生掌(zhang)握不同(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)的具(ju)(ju)(ju)體用(yong)法、寫作格式，使之(zhi)牢記并能初步掌(zhang)握應用(yong)。

三(san)、在民族班講授《行政公文》的技巧(qiao)方(fang)法