一、大興(xing)農場低收(shou)入群體和(he)精準扶貧基本情況

農(nong)場(chang)職(zhi)工居民家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數(shu)5819戶(hu)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)17638人(ren)(ren)，國(guo)民生產總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)值(zhi)增(zeng)加值(zhi)130470.4萬元(yuan)，人(ren)(ren)均純收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)27013元(yuan)。最新統計數(shu)字中，低收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)群(qun)體(ti)(ti)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)217戶(hu)，人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)628人(ren)(ren)，分(fen)別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)場(chang)農(nong)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數(shu)和(he)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)3.73%和(he)3.56%；識別確認精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)扶貧(pin)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數(shu)19戶(hu)，人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)29人(ren)(ren)，分(fen)別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)場(chang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數(shu)和(he)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)0.32%和(he)0.17%。從低收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)群(qun)體(ti)(ti)和(he)精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)扶貧(pin)戶(hu)的(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)情況看，缺乏勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力(li)(li)、因(yin)疾病致貧(pin)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)較大比(bi)重。217戶(hu)低收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中，經(jing)營不善虧(kui)損(sun)的(de)致貧(pin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)41戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)18.9%；患(huan)病部分(fen)失去勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)能力(li)(li)的(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)79戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)36.4%；缺乏勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力(li)(li)子女(nv)上學負擔(dan)重的(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)46戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)21.2%；以(yi)打工維持(chi)生活無固(gu)定收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)51戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)23.5%。上述貧(pin)困(kun)因(yin)素中，因(yin)病和(he)缺乏勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)貧(pin)困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)過(guo)半，共125戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)57.6%。精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)扶貧(pin)的(de)19戶(hu)特困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，均是由于(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)成員年齡普遍偏高(gao)，患(huan)病，缺乏勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)能力(li)(li)造成。

二、面臨的問題和(he)原因

1.低收(shou)入(ru)和(he)(he)(he)精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)貧家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭基數(shu)仍然較大，扶(fu)貧任(ren)務(wu)艱巨(ju)。從(cong)低收(shou)入(ru)和(he)(he)(he)精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)貧戶(hu)(hu)及(ji)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)所占(zhan)比例上看，低收(shou)入(ru)戶(hu)(hu)217戶(hu)(hu)628人(ren)，精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)貧戶(hu)(hu)19戶(hu)(hu)29人(ren)，兩項合計分(fen)別占(zhan)農(nong)場總戶(hu)(hu)數(shu)和(he)(he)(he)總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)4.05%、3.73%。家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭勞動(dong)力人(ren)數(shu)少(shao)(shao)，身體(ti)狀況差，勞動(dong)能(neng)力明(ming)顯偏弱，是(shi)造成(cheng)勞動(dong)就(jiu)業(ye)困(kun)難(nan)經(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)入(ru)低的(de)主要原(yuan)因。2.不(bu)參(can)加(jia)養(yang)老(lao)(lao)保險和(he)(he)(he)大病醫保體(ti)系(xi)，患病就(jiu)醫缺(que)乏經(jing)濟(ji)保障。因為歷史原(yuan)因，一(yi)些職工在(zai)受自然災害導(dao)致(zhi)種(zhong)植業(ye)經(jing)營虧損后(hou)，放棄了繳納養(yang)老(lao)(lao)保險，形成(cheng)斷(duan)保、漏保的(de)局面，也失去了參(can)加(jia)醫療(liao)保險的(de)機(ji)會。一(yi)部分(fen)職工子女和(he)(he)(he)落(luo)戶(hu)(hu)居(ju)民不(bu)參(can)加(jia)靈活就(jiu)業(ye)繳納養(yang)老(lao)(lao)金和(he)(he)(he)醫保金，還有一(yi)部分(fen)人(ren)因年齡大，不(bu)附合參(can)保條件。職工、居(ju)民不(bu)納入(ru)社會統籌養(yang)老(lao)(lao)保險和(he)(he)(he)醫保體(ti)系(xi)，在(zai)患重大疾病時(shi)沒有經(jing)濟(ji)保障是(shi)導(dao)致(zhi)貧困(kun)的(de)重要因素(su)和(he)(he)(he)根源。3.觀(guan)念落(luo)后(hou)，缺(que)少(shao)(shao)技術(shu)服務(wu)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)智(zhi)力支撐。對(dui)市(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)認識不(bu)足，思想(xiang)觀(guan)念落(luo)后(hou)，缺(que)乏引(yin)(yin)導(dao)，市(shi)場信(xin)息得(de)不(bu)到良好運用。一(yi)是(shi)富余(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭勞動(dong)力沒有“走(zou)出去”，造成(cheng)勞動(dong)力浪費，影響(xiang)了經(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)入(ru)。二(er)是(shi)對(dui)信(xin)息掌(zhang)握不(bu)準(zhun)(zhun)，缺(que)少(shao)(shao)服務(wu)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)，錯(cuo)失商機(ji)。三(san)是(shi)利用“互聯網(wang)+發展(zhan)網(wang)絡”營銷(xiao)效益不(bu)明(ming)顯。因為缺(que)少(shao)(shao)技術(shu)服務(wu)引(yin)(yin)導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)智(zhi)力支撐，職工居(ju)民不(bu)能(neng)享受國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)大力發展(zhan)“互聯網(wang)+”和(he)(he)(he)物聯網(wang)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)紅利，錯(cuo)失增加(jia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭經(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)入(ru)的(de)機(ji)遇。

三(san)、開展精(jing)準扶貧的主(zhu)要做法和成效

1.建(jian)(jian)(jian)立扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，明確主體責任(ren)體系(xi)，完善精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步健全(quan)(quan)精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作責任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立各單位行(xing)政(zheng)領導和(he)(he)黨支部(bu)書記(ji)為第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)責任(ren)人(ren)、其他管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)責、機(ji)關黨員(yuan)干部(bu)普遍參(can)與(yu)的(de)(de)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)體系(xi)，健全(quan)(quan)精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)目標考核制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，形成(cheng)黨員(yuan)干部(bu)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)幫一(yi)(yi)(yi)”“二幫一(yi)(yi)(yi)”“N+1”的(de)(de)幫扶(fu)(fu)(fu)格局。2.加(jia)(jia)強政(zheng)策(ce)引領，鼓勵貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭參(can)與(yu)全(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)鼓勵全(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)惠措(cuo)施，在(zai)政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)(he)資金上給予支持，帶動(dong)低(di)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入群(qun)體和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭利用(yong)自身(shen)資源參(can)與(yu)全(quan)(quan)民(min)(min)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)，挖掘(jue)增收(shou)(shou)(shou)潛(qian)力(li)。二是(shi)加(jia)(jia)大(da)場(chang)區(qu)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，增加(jia)(jia)公益性(xing)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)崗位，社區(qu)管理(li)服務(wu)站(zhan)、物業(ye)公司和(he)(he)公路(lu)管理(li)服務(wu)站(zhan)聘(pin)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)時，優(you)(you)先(xian)照顧有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭成(cheng)員(yuan)。三是(shi)倡導民(min)(min)營(ying)企業(ye)優(you)(you)先(xian)創(chuang)(chuang)造就業(ye)機(ji)會。四是(shi)發展非公有經(jing)濟，鼓勵貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭以(yi)參(can)股(gu)入股(gu)的(de)(de)形式參(can)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)，增加(jia)(jia)經(jing)濟收(shou)(shou)(shou)入。3.針對精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)特殊人(ren)群(qun)，創(chuang)(chuang)新幫扶(fu)(fu)(fu)措(cuo)施。對精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)戶家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭中(zhong)因病喪(sang)失勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)鰥寡(gua)老人(ren)，采用(yong)對其“撫養人(ren)”進(jin)行(xing)幫扶(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)辦法，發展林下經(jing)濟和(he)(he)沿七星河、撓力(li)河進(jin)行(xing)特色養殖。在(zai)弘揚中(zhong)華傳統美德(de)的(de)(de)同時，增加(jia)(jia)其“撫養人(ren)”的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)收(shou)(shou)(shou)能(neng)力(li)，從而使貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。4.發展圍城(cheng)經(jing)濟，抓好職工(gong)(gong)(gong)居民(min)(min)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)藍(lan)子。農場(chang)在(zai)毗鄰場(chang)區(qu)地段劃撥(bo)165畝耕地，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)果蔬基(ji)(ji)地。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)85棟(dong)，其中(zhong)：葡萄棚(peng)(peng)24棟(dong)，蔬菜(cai)(cai)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)56棟(dong)，暖(nuan)棚(peng)(peng)5棟(dong)，每棟(dong)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)占(zhan)地550平方米。農場(chang)把大(da)棚(peng)(peng)承(cheng)包(bao)給低(di)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)扶(fu)(fu)(fu)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭，共50戶。菜(cai)(cai)藍(lan)子工(gong)(gong)(gong)程取得(de)了(le)良好的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益，職工(gong)(gong)(gong)居民(min)(min)吃上了(le)放心菜(cai)(cai)，貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庭增加(jia)(jia)了(le)經(jing)濟收(shou)(shou)(shou)入。

各(ge)(ge)省、自治區、直轄市人民政府，國務(wu)院各(ge)(ge)部委、各(ge)(ge)直屬(shu)機構：

國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)重(zhong)要組成部(bu)分(fen)，在確保國(guo)家糧(liang)食安全，推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業現(xian)代化建(jian)設(she)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)，維護社會穩(wen)定(ding)等(deng)方面發揮了(le)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用(yong)。自2000年以(yi)來，各(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)按(an)照(zhao)中(zhong)央的(de)要求，結合本地(di)(di)區(qu)實際，逐步將(jiang)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)（包括新疆生(sheng)產建(jian)設(she)兵(bing)團、國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾企業、華僑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)有林場(chang)(chang)(chang)、地(di)(di)方國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧漁場(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)，下(xia)同）納入農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村稅費改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)試(shi)點范圍，通(tong)過取消農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業特產稅、減(jian)免農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業稅等(deng)措施，減(jian)輕了(le)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業職工(gong)（以(yi)下(xia)簡稱農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)）負擔，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發展(zhan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)增收。但(dan)是，由于一些地(di)(di)區(qu)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管理(li)體制(zhi)不完善、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村地(di)(di)區(qu)稅費改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)不同步等(deng)原(yuan)因，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)負擔偏重(zhong)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)仍很突出。為(wei)切(qie)實減(jian)輕農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)負擔，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步發揮國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)、發展(zhan)和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)，經(jing)(jing)國(guo)務院同意，現(xian)就深(shen)化國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)稅費改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)提出以(yi)下(xia)意見：

一、深化國有農場(chang)稅費(fei)改革的指(zhi)導思想、基本原則和(he)總體(ti)要求

（一(yi)）指導思想。以鄧小(xiao)平理(li)論和(he)“三個(ge)代表”重要思想為指導，認真貫徹黨(dang)的**、**精神(shen)，全面落(luo)實(shi)科學(xue)發(fa)展觀，推(tui)進(jin)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)管理(li)體制改革，消除束縛農(nong)(nong)場(chang)發(fa)展的體制障礙，規范國(guo)家、國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)工之間的分配(pei)關系，切實(shi)減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)工負擔(dan)，推(tui)動國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)經濟和(he)各項社(she)(she)會事業的發(fa)展，促進(jin)全面建設(she)小(xiao)康社(she)(she)會和(he)建設(she)社(she)(she)會主(zhu)義新農(nong)(nong)村目標的實(shi)現。

（二）基本原(yuan)(yuan)則。堅(jian)持統(tong)一政(zheng)策、規范分(fen)配的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則，全面落實(shi)(shi)農(nong)村稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革各項(xiang)政(zheng)策規定，規范國有農(nong)場與農(nong)工的(de)(de)分(fen)配關系，切(qie)實(shi)(shi)保障農(nong)工合法權益。堅(jian)持各負其責(ze)、適當(dang)補助的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則，按隸屬(shu)關系由(you)各級人民(min)政(zheng)府及相關部門負責(ze)組織實(shi)(shi)施(shi)國有農(nong)場稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革，國有農(nong)場由(you)于(yu)稅(shui)費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革而減少的(de)(de)收入，由(you)中央和地方(fang)財政(zheng)予以(yi)適當(dang)補助。堅(jian)持因(yin)地制宜(yi)、積極穩妥的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則，各地區可結合實(shi)(shi)際，有針對性(xing)地采取改(gai)革措施(shi)和辦法，并在實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中不斷總結完善。

（三(san)）總體(ti)要(yao)求。各地區要(yao)在(zai)20**年內全面實施深(shen)化國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場稅費(fei)(fei)改革，并(bing)實現“三(san)個(ge)確(que)保(bao)”：一是取消國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業稅，并(bing)將農(nong)(nong)(nong)工承擔的(de)(de)土地承包費(fei)(fei)（管(guan)理(li)費(fei)(fei)或(huo)租(zu)金，下同(tong)）中類似農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)“鄉鎮五項統籌”（即九年義務教育(yu)、計劃生育(yu)、優撫、民兵訓練和鄉村(cun)道路建設等五項）的(de)(de)收費(fei)(fei)全部(bu)免除，確(que)保(bao)將農(nong)(nong)(nong)工較重的(de)(de)負擔減下來。二是推進國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場內部(bu)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)制和各項配(pei)(pei)套改革，確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工負擔減輕后(hou)不反彈(dan)。三(san)是逐步(bu)理(li)順國(guo)家、國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場與農(nong)(nong)(nong)工之間的(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)關系(xi)，確(que)保(bao)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場經營有(you)(you)(you)序、生產(chan)發(fa)展、社會穩定(ding)。

內容摘要:我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游資(zi)源富集,通過合(he)理開發(fa)將(jiang)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)與休假(jia)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游相結(jie)合(he),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)有(you)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)資(zi)源將(jiang)會發(fa)揮(hui)更大的(de)社會和經濟效益。本文分析了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)開發(fa)國(guo)(guo)有(you)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游資(zi)源的(de)背景,在對國(guo)(guo)有(you)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游開發(fa)的(de)現狀和優劣勢(shi)分析的(de)基(ji)礎上,提出了發(fa)展我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)有(you)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游的(de)思路和產品(pin)設計構(gou)想。

關鍵詞:國有(you)農(nong)場農(nong)場旅游(you)旅游(you)產(chan)品

農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)旅(lv)游是指以城市居(ju)民為主(zhu)要旅(lv)游對象,利用農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)田園景觀、自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態和環境資(zi)(zi)(zi)源,結(jie)合農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營活(huo)動(dong)及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)發展休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)旅(lv)游方式。我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)系統擁有(you)國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)近2000家,遍布(bu)祖國(guo)各地的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)旅(lv)游資(zi)(zi)(zi)源豐富多彩。對國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)進行旅(lv)游開(kai)發,不(bu)僅能突破我國(guo)傳(chuan)統的(de)旅(lv)游資(zi)(zi)(zi)源開(kai)發觀念,豐富旅(lv)游產品的(de)內涵,還(huan)將有(you)效地促進國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)產業(ye)結(jie)構調整,提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)競爭力,打造(zao)由(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產延(yan)伸至服務業(ye)的(de)新產業(ye)。

國有農場(chang)開發旅游的必(bi)要性

我國(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)初期形成的(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營農(nong)場,不(bu)僅安置了(le)大(da)批轉業官兵、城市知識青年(nian)(nian)和內地移(yi)民,屯墾戍邊鞏固(gu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)防,而且開發(fa)了(le)大(da)量(liang)土地資源,為新中國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)做出了(le)重(zhong)大(da)貢獻。但由于(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有農(nong)場長期的(de)(de)經濟結構單一,歷(li)史包袱沉重(zhong),農(nong)場的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)舉(ju)步維艱(jian)。隨著市場經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),國(guo)(guo)(guo)有農(nong)場較(jiao)為落后的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方式(shi)、不(bu)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)結構已不(bu)能適應形勢。加(jia)之近年(nian)(nian)來企(qi)業積極減(jian)員增效,農(nong)場勞動力過剩現(xian)象嚴(yan)重(zhong),對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有農(nong)場資源進行深層次綜合(he)開發(fa)已勢在必(bi)行。

眾所周知(zhi),旅游(you)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展潛力(li)巨大,特別是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)旅游(you)、生態休閑旅游(you)市場前景廣闊(kuo)。通(tong)過優(you)化農(nong)(nong)場生產(chan)結構,拓(tuo)寬(kuan)經營(ying)思路,將我國(guo)單一性(xing)生產(chan)農(nong)(nong)場與休閑旅游(you)相結合(he),既保留原有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)性(xing)質(zhi),又增加旅游(you)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)功能(neng),是(shi)國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場開拓(tuo)發(fa)展的(de)(de)新思路。開發(fa)農(nong)(nong)場旅游(you)還可以(yi)有(you)(you)力(li)地(di)(di)宣傳(chuan)各大農(nong)(nong)場農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生態特色,樹立(li)農(nong)(nong)場下屬企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)形象及(ji)其產(chan)品的(de)(de)市場開拓(tuo),豐(feng)富(fu)旅游(you)產(chan)品的(de)(de)內涵,發(fa)揮其關聯(lian)帶動作用(yong),吸引更(geng)多的(de)(de)外來投資(zi),獲得農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、旅游(you)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)雙重受益。如海南興隆華(hua)僑農(nong)(nong)場發(fa)揮其獨特的(de)(de)熱帶風(feng)光和溫泉資(zi)源,開發(fa)旅游(you)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),創(chuang)建華(hua)僑旅游(you)度假城,吸引外資(zi)興建賓(bin)館酒店35家(jia),2003年接待游(you)客200多萬人,成為海內外知(zhi)名的(de)(de)旅游(you)度假勝地(di)(di)。當年該場旅游(you)及(ji)其相關產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)產(chan)值,占農(nong)(nong)場當年國(guo)內生產(chan)總值的(de)(de)50%以(yi)上。

內容摘要:我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)游資(zi)源富集,通過(guo)合理開發(fa)將農場(chang)(chang)與休假旅(lv)游相結(jie)合,我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)資(zi)源將會(hui)發(fa)揮(hui)更大(da)的社會(hui)和(he)經濟效益。本文分(fen)析了(le)(le)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)開發(fa)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)游資(zi)源的背景,在對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)游開發(fa)的現狀和(he)優劣勢分(fen)析的基礎(chu)上,提出了(le)(le)發(fa)展(zhan)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)旅(lv)游的思路(lu)和(he)產品(pin)設計構想(xiang)。

關鍵詞:國(guo)有農(nong)場農(nong)場旅游(you)旅游(you)產品

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場旅(lv)(lv)游(you)是指以(yi)城市居(ju)民為主要旅(lv)(lv)游(you)對象(xiang),利用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場田園(yuan)景(jing)觀、自然生(sheng)態和(he)環境(jing)資源(yuan),結合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經營活動及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場生(sheng)活發(fa)展休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的旅(lv)(lv)游(you)方式。我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾系統擁有國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場近2000家(jia),遍布祖國(guo)各地(di)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場旅(lv)(lv)游(you)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)多彩(cai)。對國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場進行旅(lv)(lv)游(you)開發(fa),不僅能突破我國(guo)傳統的旅(lv)(lv)游(you)資源(yuan)開發(fa)觀念,豐富(fu)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)產品的內涵,還將有效地(di)促進國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場產業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)調整,提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場競爭力,打造由農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產延伸至服務業(ye)(ye)的新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)。

國有農場開發(fa)旅游的(de)必要性(xing)

我(wo)國(guo)(guo)于(yu)建國(guo)(guo)初期(qi)形成的(de)(de)(de)大量國(guo)(guo)營農場(chang)(chang),不僅安置了(le)大批轉業官(guan)兵、城市(shi)知識青年(nian)和內地移(yi)民,屯墾戍邊鞏(gong)固國(guo)(guo)防(fang),而且開發(fa)(fa)了(le)大量土地資源,為新(xin)中國(guo)(guo)農業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)做出了(le)重大貢獻(xian)。但(dan)由于(yu)國(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)經濟結(jie)(jie)構(gou)單一(yi),歷史包袱(fu)沉重,農場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)舉步維艱。隨著市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),國(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)較(jiao)為落后的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)方式、不合理的(de)(de)(de)農業生產(chan)(chan)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)已(yi)不能適(shi)應形勢(shi)。加之近年(nian)來企(qi)業積極減員(yuan)增(zeng)效,農場(chang)(chang)勞動力過剩(sheng)現象嚴重,對(dui)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)有農場(chang)(chang)資源進(jin)行(xing)深層次綜合開發(fa)(fa)已(yi)勢(shi)在必行(xing)。

眾所周知,旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)(ye)發展潛力巨大,特別是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)旅(lv)游(you)、生(sheng)態(tai)休(xiu)閑旅(lv)游(you)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)前景廣闊。通(tong)過優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)結構,拓(tuo)寬經營思路(lu),將(jiang)我國(guo)單一性(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與休(xiu)閑旅(lv)游(you)相(xiang)結合,既保留(liu)原有農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)質(zhi),又增加旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)功能,是國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)開(kai)(kai)拓(tuo)發展的(de)(de)新思路(lu)。開(kai)(kai)發農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)旅(lv)游(you)還可(ke)以(yi)有力地宣傳各大農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)特色,樹立農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)下(xia)屬企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)形象及其產(chan)品的(de)(de)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)開(kai)(kai)拓(tuo),豐富旅(lv)游(you)產(chan)品的(de)(de)內(nei)涵(han),發揮(hui)(hui)其關(guan)聯帶(dai)動(dong)作(zuo)用(yong),吸(xi)(xi)引更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)外(wai)來(lai)投(tou)資,獲得農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)雙重受益。如(ru)海(hai)南興(xing)(xing)隆華僑農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發揮(hui)(hui)其獨特的(de)(de)熱帶(dai)風(feng)光和溫(wen)泉(quan)資源(yuan),開(kai)(kai)發旅(lv)游(you)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),創建華僑旅(lv)游(you)度假城,吸(xi)(xi)引外(wai)資興(xing)(xing)建賓館酒店35家,2003年接(jie)待(dai)游(you)客200多(duo)萬(wan)人,成(cheng)為(wei)海(hai)內(nei)外(wai)知名的(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)度假勝(sheng)地。當年該(gai)場(chang)(chang)(chang)旅(lv)游(you)及其相(xiang)關(guan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)產(chan)值,占農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)當年國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)總值的(de)(de)50%以(yi)上。

為切(qie)實(shi)減輕農(nong)(nong)工負擔(dan)，促進國(guo)(guo)有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)（包括(kuo)國(guo)(guo)有農(nong)(nong)墾企業、華(hua)僑農(nong)(nong)場(chang)、國(guo)(guo)有林場(chang)、監獄農(nong)(nong)場(chang)、國(guo)(guo)有農(nong)(nong)漁(yu)種場(chang)等(deng)，下(xia)同(tong)）改(gai)革、發展和穩定，根(gen)據《國(guo)(guo)務院辦公(gong)廳關于深化(hua)國(guo)(guo)有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)稅費改(gai)革的(de)意見》（國(guo)(guo)辦發〔2006〕25號），結合我省實(shi)際，提出以下(xia)實(shi)施(shi)意見。

一、深化國有農場稅費改(gai)革的指導思想(xiang)、基(ji)本原則和總體要求

1．指(zhi)導思想。以鄧小平理論和“三(san)個代(dai)表(biao)”重要思想為指(zhi)導，認真(zhen)落(luo)實科學發展觀，全(quan)面落(luo)實黨(dang)中(zhong)央、國務院(yuan)一(yi)系(xi)列惠農(nong)政(zheng)策，進(jin)一(yi)步深化國有農(nong)場稅費改革，規(gui)范(fan)國家、國有農(nong)場與(yu)農(nong)工之(zhi)間的分配關(guan)系(xi)，切(qie)實減輕農(nong)工負擔，促進(jin)全(quan)面建(jian)設(she)小康社(she)會(hui)和建(jian)設(she)社(she)會(hui)主義新農(nong)村目(mu)標的實現。

2．基(ji)(ji)本原則(ze)。堅(jian)持(chi)減輕(qing)負(fu)擔(dan)、惠及(ji)農(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，把減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)負(fu)擔(dan)作為改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)主要目標和基(ji)(ji)本出發點，切(qie)實(shi)減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)負(fu)擔(dan)；堅(jian)持(chi)統一政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策、規(gui)范收(shou)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，全面落實(shi)農(nong)(nong)村稅費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)各(ge)項政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策規(gui)定，清(qing)理(li)(li)不合(he)理(li)(li)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)，規(gui)范國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)分配關系，切(qie)實(shi)保障農(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)合(he)法權益；堅(jian)持(chi)各(ge)負(fu)其(qi)責、適當(dang)補助的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，按隸屬關系由各(ge)級人民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府及(ji)相關部門負(fu)責組織實(shi)施國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)稅費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)，由此減少的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入，由中央和省財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)予以(yi)適當(dang)補助；堅(jian)持(chi)因地(di)制宜、配套推進的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，各(ge)地(di)可根據本地(di)實(shi)際，制定深化國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)稅費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)方案(an)，并同步推進國(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)管理(li)(li)體制改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)和內部運行機制等各(ge)項配套改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)。

3．總體(ti)要(yao)求。全省國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場要(yao)進一(yi)步深化(hua)稅(shui)費改革，切實做到“三個確(que)保(bao)”：一(yi)是(shi)在全部免除農(nong)(nong)業稅(shui)的同(tong)時，全面免除農(nong)(nong)工承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)的包括類似“鄉鎮五項統(tong)籌”（即九年制義(yi)務教(jiao)育、計劃生育、優撫、民兵(bing)訓練和鄉村道路建設(she)等五項）費在內的土地承(cheng)包費（管理費或租金，下同(tong)），確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)工負(fu)(fu)擔(dan)(dan)明顯減輕。二是(shi)確(que)保(bao)國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場經營(ying)有(you)序、生產(chan)發展、社會穩(wen)定。三是(shi)確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)工負(fu)(fu)擔(dan)(dan)減輕后不反(fan)彈。

二、深化國(guo)有農(nong)場稅費改革的主要(yao)內容

內容(rong)摘要:我國(guo)農(nong)場(chang)旅游(you)資源富集,通過合(he)理(li)開(kai)發將農(nong)場(chang)與休假旅游(you)相結合(he),我國(guo)國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)場(chang)資源將會發揮更大的(de)社(she)會和(he)(he)經濟(ji)效益。本(ben)文分析(xi)了我國(guo)開(kai)發國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)場(chang)旅游(you)資源的(de)背景,在對國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)場(chang)旅游(you)開(kai)發的(de)現狀和(he)(he)優劣勢分析(xi)的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),提出(chu)了發展我國(guo)國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)場(chang)旅游(you)的(de)思路和(he)(he)產品(pin)設(she)計構(gou)想。

關鍵詞:國有農場農場旅游旅游產品(pin)

農(nong)(nong)場旅(lv)游(you)是指(zhi)以城(cheng)市(shi)居民為主要旅(lv)游(you)對(dui)象,利(li)用農(nong)(nong)場田園景(jing)觀、自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)和環境資源,結(jie)合(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營活動及農(nong)(nong)場生(sheng)(sheng)活發展休閑農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)旅(lv)游(you)方式(shi)。我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)墾系統擁有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場近2000家,遍布祖國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地的(de)農(nong)(nong)場旅(lv)游(you)資源豐富(fu)多彩。對(dui)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場進行旅(lv)游(you)開發,不僅能(neng)突破(po)我國(guo)(guo)傳統的(de)旅(lv)游(you)資源開發觀念,豐富(fu)旅(lv)游(you)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)內涵,還將有(you)(you)效地促進國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場產(chan)(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構調(diao)整,提升農(nong)(nong)場競(jing)爭力,打造由(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)延伸至服務業(ye)的(de)新產(chan)(chan)業(ye)。

國有農場開發旅游的必要性(xing)

我國(guo)于(yu)建國(guo)初期形(xing)成的(de)大量(liang)國(guo)營農場(chang),不(bu)(bu)僅安置了(le)(le)大批轉業(ye)(ye)(ye)官兵、城市知識青年(nian)和(he)內地移(yi)民,屯(tun)墾戍邊鞏固國(guo)防,而(er)且(qie)開發了(le)(le)大量(liang)土地資(zi)源(yuan),為(wei)新中國(guo)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展做出了(le)(le)重大貢獻。但由于(yu)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農場(chang)長期的(de)經濟結(jie)構單(dan)一,歷史包(bao)袱沉重,農場(chang)的(de)發展舉步維艱(jian)。隨著市場(chang)經濟的(de)發展,國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農場(chang)較(jiao)為(wei)落(luo)后(hou)的(de)生(sheng)產方式、不(bu)(bu)合理的(de)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產結(jie)構已不(bu)(bu)能適應(ying)形(xing)勢。加之近年(nian)來(lai)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)積極減員增效,農場(chang)勞動力(li)過剩(sheng)現象嚴重,對我國(guo)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)農場(chang)資(zi)源(yuan)進行深(shen)層次綜合開發已勢在必行。

眾(zhong)所(suo)周知,旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)發展潛力巨(ju)大(da),特(te)別是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)、生(sheng)態(tai)休閑旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)市(shi)場(chang)前景廣(guang)闊(kuo)。通過優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)生(sheng)產結(jie)構,拓寬經營思路,將我(wo)國(guo)(guo)單一性(xing)生(sheng)產農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)與休閑旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)結(jie)合,既保(bao)留原有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產性(xing)質(zhi),又增加旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi)功能,是國(guo)(guo)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)開拓發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)新思路。開發農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)還可以有(you)力地(di)宣傳各大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)特(te)色(se),樹(shu)立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)下屬(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象及其(qi)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)開拓,豐富(fu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵,發揮(hui)其(qi)關(guan)聯帶動作用(yong),吸(xi)引(yin)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)外來投(tou)資(zi)(zi),獲得(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)重受益。如海(hai)南興隆華(hua)僑(qiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)發揮(hui)其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱帶風(feng)光和(he)溫泉資(zi)(zi)源,開發旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)產業(ye)(ye),創建(jian)華(hua)僑(qiao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)度(du)假(jia)城,吸(xi)引(yin)外資(zi)(zi)興建(jian)賓館酒店35家,2003年(nian)接待游(you)(you)(you)客200多萬人,成(cheng)為海(hai)內外知名的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)度(du)假(jia)勝地(di)。當年(nian)該場(chang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)及其(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產值,占農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)當年(nian)國(guo)(guo)內生(sheng)產總值的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以上。

內容提要：文章根據對黑龍(long)江、海南兩省國(guo)有(you)農(nong)場(chang)的(de)調(diao)查，并(bing)結合全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)墾(ken)情況，系(xi)統回顧并(bing)探討了我國(guo)國(guo)有(you)農(nong)墾(ken)改(gai)革的(de)歷(li)程、國(guo)有(you)農(nong)場(chang)轉型、農(nong)墾(ken)經濟(ji)改(gai)革模式及存在的(de)問題。

關鍵(jian)詞：農墾體制改(gai)革轉型

綜(zong)觀20多年農(nong)(nong)墾體(ti)制改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)進程，無論是(shi)國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)內部還是(shi)整(zheng)個農(nong)(nong)墾系(xi)統(tong)，都取得(de)了(le)明顯的(de)(de)進展(zhan)，包括(kuo)縱向調(diao)整(zheng)了(le)省(sheng)局、分(fen)局、國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、生(sheng)產隊(dui)、家庭農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)之間的(de)(de)關系(xi)，橫向調(diao)整(zheng)了(le)政企、社企之間的(de)(de)關系(xi)等。本文根據對黑龍江、海南兩(liang)省(sheng)國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)調(diao)查，并(bing)結合全國農(nong)(nong)墾情況，就關于國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)評估、國有(you)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)型、墾區集團化及產業化改(gai)革(ge)模式(shi)初顯、農(nong)(nong)墾體(ti)制改(gai)革(ge)任務艱巨四個問題做一(yi)些(xie)分(fen)析。

一、國有農(nong)場改(gai)革的歷程

20多年來，國(guo)有農(nong)場進行了一(yi)系列改革(ge)(ge)。在國(guo)有農(nong)場內(nei)部(bu)，實行了農(nong)業(ye)改革(ge)(ge)、產權制(zhi)度與職工身份轉換改革(ge)(ge)、政企(qi)社企(qi)分(fen)開(kai)(主(zhu)要是內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)開(kai))、事業(ye)單位改革(ge)(ge)、建(jian)立(li)養老和(he)醫(yi)療(liao)保險(xian)制(zhi)度、精簡(jian)管(guan)理機構、并隊改革(ge)(ge)、人事制(zhi)度改革(ge)(ge)、住(zhu)房制(zhi)度改革(ge)(ge)等。

(一)農(nong)業經營改革(ge)

**年(nian)全省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)總體要求是：以(yi)(yi)鄧小平(ping)理(li)論、**重(zhong)(zhong)要思想和(he)科學發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展觀為指導(dao)，認(ren)真落實全省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會議精(jing)神和(he)省(sheng)政府領導(dao)、省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳領導(dao)對農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)一系列批示精(jing)神，繼續按照廳領導(dao)提(ti)出的(de)(de)“從(cong)過(guo)去偏重(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展向(xiang)注重(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)關系調節作(zuo)(zuo)用轉變、從(cong)過(guo)去偏重(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)管理(li)向(xiang)塑造農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)品牌轉變、從(cong)過(guo)去偏重(zhong)(zhong)就事論事的(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)向(xiang)以(yi)(yi)人為本(ben)注重(zhong)(zhong)體系建設(she)轉變”的(de)(de)要求。圍(wei)繞農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)維(wei)權與發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展，積極推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)土(tu)地確權登記工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，保護農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)土(tu)地權益(yi)(yi)，保護農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)職(zhi)工(gong)權益(yi)(yi)，深化(hua)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)改革。以(yi)(yi)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)示范場(chang)(chang)建設(she)為抓手(shou)，創新發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展機制，改善企業(ye)產(chan)(chan)權結構，優化(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)布局，提(ti)高產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)水平(ping)。加(jia)大(da)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)基礎(chu)設(she)施投入，增(zeng)進(jin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展活力。把我省(sheng)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)建設(she)成為現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)示范點(dian)，城(cheng)鄉(xiang)統籌的(de)(de)先(xian)頭兵(bing)。

一、加強對農(nong)場(chang)工(gong)作的領導(dao)，深入研究農(nong)場(chang)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)問(wen)題(ti)，創新發(fa)展(zhan)機制，出(chu)臺國(guo)有農(nong)場(chang)改革發(fa)展(zhan)的政策意見

1、根據省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府領導(dao)和省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳領導(dao)批示精神，在去年全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)土地專(zhuan)項檢查的基礎上(shang)，對加(jia)強全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)國有農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)土地管理、深(shen)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)改革和維護農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)和農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)職工權益問題進(jin)行系統調研，對創新發展機制、改善企業(ye)產權結構、優化(hua)產業(ye)布局(ju)、提(ti)升(sheng)產業(ye)化(hua)水平、增(zeng)進(jin)發展活力等農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)經濟(ji)發展問題進(jin)行深(shen)入研究。

2、組織(zhi)學(xue)習考察。組織(zhi)部分農(nong)場(chang)主(zhu)管部門和重點農(nong)場(chang)企業的領導(dao)赴先進(jin)(jin)省市進(jin)(jin)行(xing)學(xue)習考察。學(xue)習借(jie)鑒兄(xiong)弟墾區加(jia)強(qiang)土(tu)地管理、農(nong)場(chang)體制創(chuang)新和推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)場(chang)產業化的成功經驗，進(jin)(jin)一步拓展思路，加(jia)強(qiang)與兄(xiong)弟墾區的合(he)作與交流。

3、組(zu)織起草《關于進一(yi)步(bu)加強國有(you)農(nong)場土(tu)地(di)管理，增進國有(you)農(nong)場發展活力的若干(gan)意見》。

4、召開農場經濟工作研(yan)討會。對我(wo)省農場改(gai)革和經濟發(fa)展問題進(jin)行深入研(yan)討，并征(zheng)詢(xun)有關方面領(ling)導和專家對《關于(yu)進(jin)一步(bu)加強國有農場土地管理，增進(jin)國有農場發(fa)展活力的(de)若干意(yi)見》（征(zheng)求意(yi)見稿）的(de)意(yi)見建議(yi)，進(jin)行可行性(xing)論證。

國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)重要組成部分，在(zai)確(que)保國(guo)(guo)(guo)家糧食安全(quan)，推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代化建設，促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展，維(wei)護社(she)會穩(wen)(wen)定等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)面(mian)發(fa)揮了(le)重要作(zuo)用。自*年(nian)以(yi)來，各地(di)區按(an)照中(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)要求，結(jie)合本(ben)地(di)區實(shi)際，逐步(bu)將(jiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)（包(bao)括(kuo)新疆生產(chan)建設兵(bing)團、國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)墾企業(ye)(ye)、華僑農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)林場(chang)(chang)(chang)、地(di)方(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧漁場(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，下(xia)(xia)同(tong)(tong)）納入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村稅(shui)費改(gai)革試點范圍，通過取(qu)消農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)特產(chan)稅(shui)、減免農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)稅(shui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)，減輕(qing)了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)職工（以(yi)下(xia)(xia)簡(jian)稱農(nong)(nong)(nong)工）負擔(dan)(dan)，促(cu)進(jin)了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)展和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工增收(shou)。但是，由于一些地(di)區國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管理體制不完(wan)善、農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)村地(di)區稅(shui)費改(gai)革不同(tong)(tong)步(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)原因(yin)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)工負擔(dan)(dan)偏(pian)重的(de)(de)問題仍很突(tu)出。為切實(shi)減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工負擔(dan)(dan)，進(jin)一步(bu)發(fa)揮國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)改(gai)革、發(fa)展和(he)穩(wen)(wen)定，經(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院同(tong)(tong)意，現就深化國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)稅(shui)費改(gai)革提(ti)出以(yi)下(xia)(xia)意見(jian)：

一(yi)、深化國有農場稅費(fei)改革(ge)的(de)指(zhi)導思想、基本(ben)原則和(he)總體要求

（一）指(zhi)導思想。以鄧小平(ping)理論和(he)“三個代表(biao)”重(zhong)要(yao)思想為指(zhi)導，認真貫徹黨的(de)*、*屆(jie)四中五中全(quan)會(hui)(hui)精神，全(quan)面(mian)落實科學發展觀，推(tui)進國有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場管(guan)理體制改革(ge)，消除束縛農(nong)(nong)(nong)場發展的(de)體制障(zhang)礙，規(gui)范國家(jia)、國有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場與農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)之間的(de)分(fen)配關(guan)系，切實減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)負擔，推(tui)動國有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場經(jing)濟和(he)各(ge)項社(she)會(hui)(hui)事業的(de)發展，促進全(quan)面(mian)建設小康(kang)社(she)會(hui)(hui)和(he)建設社(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村目標(biao)的(de)實現。

 （二(er)）基(ji)本原則(ze)。堅(jian)持(chi)統一政(zheng)策、規(gui)范(fan)分配的(de)原則(ze)，全(quan)面落實(shi)農(nong)(nong)村稅費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)各(ge)(ge)(ge)項政(zheng)策規(gui)定，規(gui)范(fan)國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場與農(nong)(nong)工的(de)分配關(guan)系(xi)，切實(shi)保障農(nong)(nong)工合法權益(yi)。堅(jian)持(chi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)負其(qi)責、適當補(bu)助(zhu)的(de)原則(ze)，按(an)隸屬(shu)關(guan)系(xi)由(you)各(ge)(ge)(ge)級(ji)人民政(zheng)府及相(xiang)關(guan)部門負責組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場稅費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，國(guo)有(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)場由(you)于稅費(fei)(fei)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)而減少的(de)收入，由(you)中央和(he)地(di)(di)方(fang)財政(zheng)予(yu)以適當補(bu)助(zhu)。堅(jian)持(chi)因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜、積極穩妥的(de)原則(ze)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)區可結合實(shi)際，有(you)(you)針對性地(di)(di)采取改(gai)革(ge)(ge)措施和(he)辦(ban)法，并在(zai)實(shi)踐中不(bu)斷總結完善。

（三）總體(ti)要求。各地區(qu)要在20*年(nian)內(nei)(nei)全(quan)面實施深化(hua)國(guo)有(you)農場(chang)稅費(fei)改革，并(bing)實現“三個(ge)確(que)保”：一(yi)是(shi)取消國(guo)有(you)農場(chang)的(de)農業稅，并(bing)將農工(gong)(gong)承(cheng)擔的(de)土地承(cheng)包費(fei)（管(guan)(guan)理費(fei)或(huo)租金，下同）中類似農村“鄉鎮五(wu)項(xiang)(xiang)統籌”（即九年(nian)義務教育、計(ji)劃生育、優撫、民(min)兵訓練和(he)鄉村道路建設(she)等五(wu)項(xiang)(xiang)）的(de)收(shou)費(fei)全(quan)部(bu)免除，確(que)保將農工(gong)(gong)較重的(de)負擔減(jian)下來。二(er)是(shi)推進(jin)國(guo)有(you)農場(chang)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)制和(he)各項(xiang)(xiang)配套改革，確(que)保農工(gong)(gong)負擔減(jian)輕后不反彈。三是(shi)逐(zhu)步理順國(guo)家、國(guo)有(you)農場(chang)與(yu)農工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)間的(de)分配關(guan)系，確(que)保國(guo)有(you)農場(chang)經營(ying)有(you)序、生產發展、社會穩定(ding)。

二、深化國有農(nong)場(chang)稅費改(gai)革的主要內容

一、國有農場稅費(fei)改革的(de)指導思想、基本原則和總體(ti)要求

（一）指導思想。以鄧小(xiao)平理(li)論和“三個代表(biao)”重要思想為指導，認真(zhen)貫徹黨的(de)十六(liu)大和十六(liu)屆四(si)中(zhong)(zhong)、五中(zhong)(zhong)、六(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)全會精(jing)神，全面落實科學發展觀(guan)，規范國家、國有農場與農工之(zhi)間的(de)分配(pei)關系，切實減輕(qing)農工負擔，推動國有農場經濟和社(she)會各項(xiang)事業健康、有序(xu)發展，促進全面建設(she)(she)小(xiao)康社(she)會、建設(she)(she)社(she)會主(zhu)義新農村目(mu)標(biao)的(de)實現。

（二）基本原(yuan)則(ze)。堅持統一政策、規范(fan)分配(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，全面落實(shi)農村稅(shui)(shui)費改革(ge)各(ge)項政策規定，規范(fan)國(guo)有農場(chang)與農工(gong)的(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)關系，切實(shi)保障農工(gong)合法權益。堅持各(ge)負(fu)其責、適(shi)當補(bu)助的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，按隸屬關系由(you)縣政府(fu)及相關部門(men)負(fu)責組織實(shi)施(shi)國(guo)有農場(chang)稅(shui)(shui)費改革(ge)，國(guo)有農場(chang)因稅(shui)(shui)費改革(ge)而減少的(de)(de)收入(ru)，由(you)省、市(shi)、縣財政予(yu)以適(shi)當補(bu)助。

（三）總體要求。在(zai)20*年內全面實施國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)稅費(fei)改(gai)革(ge)，并實現“三個確(que)保(bao)”：一是將(jiang)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)承擔的(de)土地(di)承包費(fei)中類似農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)“鄉鎮五項統籌”的(de)收費(fei)全部免除，確(que)保(bao)將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)較重的(de)負擔減下來；二是推(tui)進國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)管理體制和各項配(pei)套改(gai)革(ge)，確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)負擔減輕(qing)后(hou)不反(fan)彈；三是逐(zhu)步理順(shun)國(guo)家、國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)之間的(de)分(fen)配(pei)關系，確(que)保(bao)國(guo)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)經(jing)營有序、生產發展、社會穩定。

二、國有農場(chang)稅費改(gai)革的范圍和內容(rong)

（一(yi)）國有農場稅費改(gai)革的范圍