中醫藥科技論文范文
時間:2023-03-14 18:59:14
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篇1
因(yin)為癌(ai)(ai)瘤(liu)是(shi)(shi)人體(ti)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)基(ji)因(yin)突(tu)變,所以(yi)不能單純(chun)認為是(shi)(shi)以(yi)點(dian)向面(mian)(mian)擴散(san)問(wen)題。在病(bing)人的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)液里,淋巴及某些臟器內都(dou) 已經(jing)有變異的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存在。所以(yi)癌(ai)(ai)瘤(liu)的(de)(de)(de)形成,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)發生基(ji)因(yin)突(tu)變的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)表現形式。 目(mu)前在中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)西醫(yi)(yi)治療癌(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),雖然(ran)有一定的(de)(de)(de)療效,但都(dou)存在某些片面(mian)(mian)性(xing)、局限性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)矛盾(dun)性(xing)。如西醫(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)放療、化療, 中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)毒(du)攻毒(du),在殺(sha)死癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),也(ye)大量(liang)殺(sha)死正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),造成了“祛(qu)邪(xie)正(zheng)(zheng)變衰”的(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)(mian)。而活血(xue)化淤(yu)、攻堅散(san)結,如使 用(yong)不當則更(geng)(geng)促使癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)加速繁殖(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)轉移。如給(gei)癌(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)患者(zhe)輸入各(ge)種(zhong)營養,同時(shi)也(ye)給(gei)癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)提供(gong)了營養基(ji)礎(chu),更(geng)(geng)加速癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)繁殖(zhi)。 因(yin)為癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)繁殖(zhi)能力為正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)80倍以(yi)上,于是(shi)(shi)就形成“扶正(zheng)(zheng)邪(xie)更(geng)(geng)盛”的(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)(mian)。怎樣才能解決“扶正(zheng)(zheng)邪(xie)更(geng)(geng)盛,祛(qu)邪(xie)正(zheng)(zheng)亦衰” 的(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)?通過四年來對數千名各(ge)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)癌(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)患者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)治療,我(wo)采用(yong)以(yi)下幾點(dian):
第一,采(cai)用恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)的(de)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)基(ji)(ji)因物(wu)質(zhi),防(fang)止(zhi)和控(kong)制(zhi)細胞基(ji)(ji)因的(de)突(tu)變。動物(wu)或(huo)植物(wu)的(de)形態和分子(zi)結構的(de)改(gai)變,取決于遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)基(ji)(ji)因 大穩定(ding)(ding)情況。我認為在穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)基(ji)(ji)因物(wu)質(zhi)中,必(bi)然(ran)存在著一種(zhong)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)的(de)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)因子(zi),在控(kong)制(zhi)或(huo)限制(zhi)細胞的(de)變異。如果人體中能 增(zeng)加這種(zhong)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)的(de)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)因子(zi),就能從(cong)根本上防(fang)止(zhi)癌瘤的(de)發生或(huo)控(kong)癌細胞的(de)生長擴散。試驗證明(ming),一份(fen)正常細胞48小時自然(ran)死(si) 亡率(lv)為10-15%,加入我院研制(zhi)的(de)含有恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)因子(zi)的(de)中藥(yao)液后死(si)亡率(lv)小于5%。
第二,使用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物切斷或(huo)干擾增(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)靜止(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)源(yuan)。 癌(ai)(ai)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)中(zhong)的(de)增(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)破壞性(xing)極(ji)(ji)強,而靜止(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是癌(ai)(ai)癥復(fu)(fu)(fu)發和(he)轉移的(de)直接根(gen)源(yuan),因為(wei)它(ta)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)靜止(zhi),分散和(he)半休眠狀態,對藥(yao)(yao) 物敏感性(xing)極(ji)(ji)低(di)。實驗(yan)發現,當增(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)大量(liang)(liang)死亡時(shi)通過(guo)一種ynx物質將信(xin)息(xi)傳遞給(gei)靜止(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),使靜止(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)大量(liang)(liang)轉化為(wei)增(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao) 并高速繁殖(zhi)(zhi),這就是手術(shu)后容易“轉移”和(he)“復(fu)(fu)(fu)發”的(de)原因。所以(yi)采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物切斷或(huo)干擾兩者間的(de)信(xin)息(xi)源(yuan),使靜止(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)永遠處(chu) 于(yu)(yu)休眠狀態,就能從根(gen)本上控(kong)制癌(ai)(ai)癥的(de)復(fu)(fu)(fu)發和(he)轉移。
第(di)三,用(yong)藥物(wu)取代(dai)癌細胞(bao)(bao)所特需(xu)的某(mou)(mou)種物(wu)質,破(po)壞(huai)增殖(zhi)細胞(bao)(bao)的分(fen)子結構(gou),使之無法(fa)再(zai)形成新的增殖(zhi)細胞(bao)(bao),而(er)原有的增殖(zhi) 細胞(bao)(bao),則因得不(bu)到必要的營養而(er)“餓死”,我們提煉出某(mou)(mou)種中藥,其分(fen)子結構(gou)與(yu)癌細胞(bao)(bao)特需(xu)某(mou)(mou)種物(wu)質相似而(er)又非常活躍。這,可(ke)以不(bu)采取“殺”而(er)是采取“偷(tou)梁換柱”的辦法(fa)徹底鏟除癌瘤形成的條件,其道理正(zheng)如人(ren)體一氧化碳中毒一樣。
基于以(yi)上的(de)(de)認識,我采用科學的(de)(de)方法提煉出系列(lie)抗癌(ai)藥(yao)(yao)-“傅山神(shen)”。在河北省醫學科學院作的(de)(de)毒(du)理(li)實驗(yan)中(zhong),用38只小(xiao)鼠(shu),均給服用常(chang)人(ren)劑量的(de)(de)28倍藥(yao)(yao)物,結果38只小(xiao)白鼠(shu)飲食(shi)、糞便、毛色(se)、活動等均無(wu)異(yi)常(chang)發現,更無(wu)死亡(wang)發生。在體外培試驗(yan)的(de)(de)彩色(se)照片中(zhong),可以(yi)清楚的(de)(de)看到:正常(chang)細(xi)胞無(wu)任何變異(yi),而癌(ai)細(xi)胞在24小(xiao)時內有(you)80%已經死亡(wang)。在臨床治療(liao)中(zhong),對肺(fei)癌(ai)、 肝癌(ai)、乳腺(xian)癌(ai)、直腸癌(ai)、食(shi)道癌(ai)等十二(er)種癌(ai)癥(zheng)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)服用傅山神(shen)系列(lie)抗癌(ai)藥(yao)(yao)物后,均無(wu)不良反應,有(you) 95%的(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)疼痛減輕,食(shi) 欲(yu)增(zeng)加,很快退燒,精(jing)神(shen)狀(zhuang)態明顯(xian)變好,有(you)些患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)體重增(zeng)加,有(you)20-30%患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)經拍(pai)片證實癌(ai)瘤縮小(xiao),有(you)6-10%的(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)癌(ai)瘤消失,藥(yao)(yao)已日益顯(xian)示出目前醫學上治療(liao)癌(ai)癥(zheng)中(zhong)所追(zhui)求(qiu)的(de)(de)“靶向(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)物”
篇2
關(guan)鍵詞:科研管理(li);績效考核指標
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5707.2014.01.018
Study on the Design of Performance Appraisal Index in Scientific Research Institutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Li Zongyou1, Wang Zhiwei2*, Chu Jinong1, Gao Hongjie1
(1. Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; 2. Department of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract: It is important for the surviving and development of scientific research institutions of TCM to carry out the performance management. According to the characteristics of TCM scientific research, this paper puts forward some basic principles we should pay attention to, the determination of index, and the three notes when we carry out the performance appraisal.
Key words: management of scientific research; performance appraisal index
科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)績(ji)效評價是科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)管理(li)的(de)(de)重要工具。加強對國有中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)績(ji)效評價,一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)上級科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)主管部門(men)通(tong)過績(ji)效評價掌握不(bu)同科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)發展(zhan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)重要指標,并作為(wei)進一步優化科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)資源配置,制定科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)管理(li)政(zheng)策,不(bu)斷提(ti)高科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)管理(li)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)重要依據;另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)在績(ji)效評價結果的(de)(de)橫(heng)向比較中(zhong)(zhong)審視自身不(bu)足及(ji)存在問題,明確今后努力方(fang)向和研(yan)(yan)究重點,為(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)實現績(ji)效目(mu)標奠(dian)定基礎。
當前(qian),為加強中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科研(yan)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li),推進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價,張(zhang)蕾(lei)[1]、黎漢津(jin)等(deng)[2]、曹橙[3]、孫繼佳等(deng)[4]采用人(ren)工神經網絡(luo)、文獻計量學(xue)、數據(ju)包絡(luo)和(he)(he)灰色加權評(ping)價模型等(deng)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)進行了績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價,林端宜[5]、杜月英[6]、李芳[7]等(deng)對績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)系(xi)進行了研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。但由于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)科繁(fan)雜,評(ping)估領域、評(ping)估目(mu)的(de)(de)、評(ping)估原則等(deng)影響因(yin)子(zi)諸多,績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價方法及指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)選擇又各有(you)(you)不同,尚無(wu)統一的(de)(de)評(ping)價標(biao)準(zhun)。因(yin)此,建立(li)一套科學(xue)、合(he)(he)理(li)、可(ke)行的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科研(yan)機構(gou)績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)系(xi),是開展(zhan)績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價的(de)(de)前(qian)期工作(zuo)。指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)設置(zhi)合(he)(he)理(li)既能客觀全面地(di)反(fan)映中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科研(yan)機構(gou)的(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)水平,又能促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科研(yan)機構(gou)整合(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、揚長避(bi)短、發揮(hui)優勢、重點突破,提升(sheng)創(chuang)新能力(li),最(zui)大(da)限度地(di)調(diao)動(dong)和(he)(he)激發科技(ji)(ji)人(ren)員的(de)(de)創(chuang)造活力(li),為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)可(ke)持續發展(zhan)提供(gong)科技(ji)(ji)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。本(ben)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科技(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)需要出發,結合(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科研(yan)機構(gou)的(de)(de)客觀實際,從績效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)系(xi)制定原則和(he)(he)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)遴選進行探討,為科研(yan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)部門優化科技(ji)(ji)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)配置(zhi)、調(diao)整研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)機構(gou)和(he)(he)學(xue)科布局提供(gong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)手段(duan)。
1 績(ji)效評價指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)系設計應遵循的原則
1.1 戰(zhan)略性(xing)原(yuan)則
中醫藥(yao)科(ke)研機構(gou)(gou)改革與發展的目的就是要(yao)實現其自(zi)身的戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)目標(biao),科(ke)學有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的績效(xiao)(xiao)評價指(zhi)標(biao)應是中醫藥(yao)科(ke)研機構(gou)(gou)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)目標(biao)實施計(ji)劃的分(fen)解(jie),評價指(zhi)標(biao)很好的完成(cheng)就能保證戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)目標(biao)計(ji)劃的完成(cheng)。在(zai)績效(xiao)(xiao)指(zhi)標(biao)設計(ji)時要(yao)從上(shang)至下根據戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)目標(biao)進行層(ceng)層(ceng)分(fen)解(jie),從組織到(dao)部門再(zai)到(dao)崗位及科(ke)研人員,從而保證中醫藥(yao)科(ke)研機構(gou)(gou)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)的順利實現。同時,以(yi)科(ke)技工作的變化和需求為主導,不斷調整(zheng)和完善績效(xiao)(xiao)考核(he)指(zhi)標(biao)[8-9]。
1.2 價值(zhi)導向原則(ze)
科(ke)(ke)學有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)績(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)考核指(zhi)標應該告訴科(ke)(ke)技人員(yuan)什么(me)是(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)所(suo)期望的(de)(de),什么(me)是(shi)(shi)不允許(xu)的(de)(de),以(yi)及應該如何去實現科(ke)(ke)技人員(yuan)自(zi)身的(de)(de)目標。科(ke)(ke)研(yan)績(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)指(zhi)標在一定程度上體現了(le)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)能(neng)力,主要(yao)有以(yi)下表現形式:承(cheng)擔科(ke)(ke)研(yan)項(xiang)目、科(ke)(ke)技論文(wen)、專(zhuan)利和科(ke)(ke)技著作(zuo)、獎勵成果、合作(zuo)交流、人才培養(yang)、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)基礎(chu)條(tiao)件建設等。對獲(huo)得高級(ji)別(bie)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)項(xiang)目、獎勵成果、高層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)論文(wen)等給予較高的(de)(de)評估(gu)分值,引(yin)導科(ke)(ke)研(yan)人員(yuan)投入到(dao)高層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)活動中。要(yao)嚴格按照中醫藥科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)的(de)(de)自(zi)身發展規律和特點,結合單(dan)位實際(ji),盡量選取(qu)能(neng)真實、準確反映客(ke)觀實際(ji)的(de)(de)指(zhi)標,科(ke)(ke)學合理(li)地確定其權重(zhong)[10]。
1.3 分類分層(ceng)管理原則(ze)
績(ji)效考核(he)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)一定(ding)要(yao)有針對性。不同科(ke)研機構存(cun)在(zai)各種差異(yi),例(li)如(ru)從(cong)事基礎研究與(yu)從(cong)事應用研究的(de)(de)(de)單位評價標(biao)準及(ji)內容(rong)就有不同,這些差異(yi)要(yao)求我(wo)們在(zai)面對具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)問題時要(yao)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)析,不能教條、照搬照抄,在(zai)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)設計(ji)時進行分(fen)(fen)層(ceng)分(fen)(fen)類(lei),針對不同的(de)(de)(de)部門及(ji)不同的(de)(de)(de)崗位設計(ji)不同的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系,采(cai)用層(ceng)次分(fen)(fen)析法和(he)群體(ti)(ti)(ti)決策等確(que)定(ding)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)權重,建(jian)立科(ke)學合理的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系[8]。
1.4 定(ding)量(liang)指標為主,定(ding)性指標為輔原則
為提高績(ji)(ji)(ji)效評(ping)價的(de)客觀準確性(xing),定(ding)量(liang)(liang)化的(de)績(ji)(ji)(ji)效評(ping)價指(zhi)標更(geng)易于(yu)被評(ping)價者(zhe)接受(shou),但在實際工作中,許多不同(tong)類型的(de)科研機構和不同(tong)性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)工作崗(gang)位,很難通過定(ding)量(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標來評(ping)價,這提醒(xing)評(ping)價者(zhe)在指(zhi)標設計時要(yao)考慮定(ding)性(xing)指(zhi)標,使績(ji)(ji)(ji)效評(ping)價更(geng)為全面和精確。
1.5 少而精原則
績效(xiao)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)不是越多(duo)越好,關鍵(jian)要考慮指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)所起作用的(de)(de)(de)大小。少而精原則指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)是績效(xiao)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)不一定要面(mian)面(mian)俱到,只要設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)能夠(gou)有效(xiao)地縮短評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)信息的(de)(de)(de)處理過(guo)程(cheng)乃至(zhi)整個評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)過(guo)程(cheng),達到反映評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)即(ji)可;同時,評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者能夠(gou)比較(jiao)容易(yi)地了解績效(xiao)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)系統,掌握相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方法和技術;而且(qie)易(yi)于評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者與被評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong),評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)作參與人員之間的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)交流問題也(ye)容易(yi)解決。
1.6 內涵明確、清晰(xi),有(you)針對性
績(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標的(de)(de)表達(da)應明(ming)確、清(qing)晰,用于(yu)定(ding)(ding)義評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標的(de)(de)名詞應準(zhun)確,使評(ping)價(jia)者與(yu)被評(ping)價(jia)者能夠輕松地理解它的(de)(de)含義,不會有模棱兩可的(de)(de)感(gan)覺。同時,評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標應針對某(mou)個特定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)績(ji)效(xiao)目標,并反映出相應的(de)(de)績(ji)效(xiao)標準(zhun),即根據崗位職能所要求的(de)(de)各項工(gong)作內容及相應的(de)(de)目標和標準(zhun)來設定(ding)(ding)每一個績(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)價(jia)標準(zhun)。
2 中醫(yi)藥(yao)科研(yan)機構績效評價的(de)7項指標
當前(qian),評價一個中醫(yi)藥科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)綜合實力,不能僅(jin)僅(jin)看中標(biao)(biao)課題(ti)數、科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)出和獎勵,更要看其(qi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)條件建設(she)、人(ren)力資源開發(fa)和科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服務方面的成績(ji)。本研(yan)究認為,中醫(yi)藥科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)績(ji)效評價指標(biao)(biao)體系應包括反映科(ke)(ke)研(yan)條件、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)競(jing)爭力、科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)才(cai)(當年(nian)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員投(tou)(tou)入當量)、經(jing)費投(tou)(tou)入、科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獎勵、科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)出和科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服務指標(biao)(biao),其(qi)指標(biao)(biao)權重一般按1U1U1U1U2U 2U2進行,見表1。
2.1 科研條件
該指標是指為了支(zhi)持和(he)促進科(ke)研(yan)活動開展而(er)配置的(de)(de)科(ke)學實(shi)驗條件與基礎設(she)施(shi),是所有(you)科(ke)技創新活動的(de)(de)“硬(ying)件”物質基礎,加強(qiang)基礎條件投(tou)資(zi)對于提(ti)高科(ke)研(yan)機構產出能(neng)力具有(you)重要作用[11]。
2.2 科研競爭力
該指(zhi)標(biao)是通過統計年(nian)度(du)重大課(ke)(ke)(ke)題的中標(biao)數和人均(jun)課(ke)(ke)(ke)題中標(biao)率(lv),來反映中醫藥科研(yan)機構的競爭能力。一(yi)個科研(yan)機構承擔(dan)科研(yan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)題越(yue)多(duo),說明(ming)(ming)其科研(yan)能力越(yue)強;承擔(dan)國(guo)家(jia)級項目越(yue)多(duo),說明(ming)(ming)其科研(yan)水平越(yue)高。
2.3 科技人才
科(ke)技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才作為研(yan)究機構(gou)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan),對研(yan)究機構(gou)的(de)發展(zhan)和戰略(lve)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)實現至關重要(yao)(yao)。擁有多少科(ke)技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才是(shi)反(fan)映(ying)科(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)綜合實力的(de)重要(yao)(yao)指標(biao)之一。因此,重視(shi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)的(de)開發是(shi)科(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資源(yuan)管理的(de)重要(yao)(yao)任務。
2.4 經費投入
指科(ke)(ke)研機構從國家、部門、地方和(he)企業等單位承接縱向、橫向科(ke)(ke)研任務所取得的收入,是(shi)保(bao)證科(ke)(ke)研課題實施(shi)的重要保(bao)障。
2.5 科技獎勵
該(gai)指(zhi)標(biao)是通過統計(ji)年度省部級以(yi)上(shang)科(ke)(ke)技獎勵(li)數和人(ren)均成(cheng)果數,來反映(ying)中醫藥科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構的(de)研(yan)究實力。一個科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構獲(huo)獎成(cheng)果越(yue)多(duo),說明其科(ke)(ke)研(yan)實力越(yue)強,尤其是國家級科(ke)(ke)技獎勵(li)可以(yi)反映(ying)出在(zai)行(xing)業內的(de)領先水平和科(ke)(ke)研(yan)地(di)位。同時,這項指(zhi)標(biao)也是國家對(dui)中醫藥科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構及科(ke)(ke)研(yan)人(ren)員研(yan)究能力的(de)一種肯(ken)定(ding)和獎勵(li)。
2.6 科技產出
該指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)是(shi)反映科(ke)(ke)研機構投入產出效果的(de)重要(yao)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)之一(yi)。主要(yao)包(bao)括獲得(de)的(de)專(zhuan)利、發表(biao)的(de)論文和(he)專(zhuan)著、標(biao)(biao)準、學術(shu)報(bao)告等。一(yi)個科(ke)(ke)研機構科(ke)(ke)研產出越多,說明(ming)對事業發展(zhan)的(de)貢獻(xian)率越高,尤(you)其是(shi)在臨床(chuang)和(he)生產中能(neng)夠得(de)到轉化的(de)科(ke)(ke)研成果,以及在國(guo)際(ji)上產生重大影響的(de)學術(shu)論文。
2.7 科技服務
該指(zhi)標是反映科(ke)研機(ji)構(gou)對中醫藥事業發(fa)展的(de)貢(gong)獻率,是社會經濟效益的(de)重(zhong)要體現。中醫藥科(ke)研機(ji)構(gou)從事科(ke)研的(de)目(mu)的(de)不在(zai)(zai)于(yu)出成(cheng)果,而在(zai)(zai)于(yu)把科(ke)研成(cheng)果轉化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)解(jie)決(jue)臨(lin)(lin)床實際(ji)問(wen)題和(he)提高臨(lin)(lin)床療(liao)效的(de)診療(liao)方(fang)案、標準和(he)新(xin)藥,轉化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)指(zhi)導(dao)臨(lin)(lin)床用的(de)新(xin)理論和(he)新(xin)方(fang)法,轉化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)提高中藥質量(liang)安全(quan)和(he)中草藥資源可(ke)持續發(fa)展的(de)新(xin)技術。
3 開(kai)展中醫(yi)藥科研機構績效評價的三個注意(yi)事項
3.1 堅(jian)持績效評價的公(gong)開(kai)公(gong)平和制度(du)化
一個(ge)持(chi)續良好的(de)(de)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價體系首先(xian)是公開(kai)的(de)(de),這樣(yang)才(cai)能確保(bao)績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價的(de)(de)順利(li)實(shi)施。其次(ci),評(ping)(ping)價的(de)(de)標準是由評(ping)(ping)價者(zhe)(zhe)與被評(ping)(ping)價者(zhe)(zhe)協(xie)調而定,反映(ying)雙方的(de)(de)想(xiang)法和意圖。績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價不僅要(yao)關(guan)注具體的(de)(de)業績(ji)(ji),更(geng)應關(guan)注績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)過程(cheng),通過對過程(cheng)的(de)(de)控制來提(ti)升績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)水(shui)平。績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價必須定期(qi)定時地進行,評(ping)(ping)價前、中(zhong)、后要(yao)做什(shen)么(me)必須形(xing)成(cheng)規(gui)范,只有績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價制度化,才(cai)能達到激勵(li)和提(ti)升績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)水(shui)平的(de)(de)作用。
3.2 簽(qian)訂科研(yan)目標責任(ren),明確科研(yan)任(ren)務(wu)
上級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技主管部門作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為評價(jia)主體,以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技發展目(mu)(mu)(mu)標為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),根據(ju)上一(yi)年(nian)度(du)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標責任(ren)(ren)完成情況,確(que)定本年(nian)度(du)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標、研(yan)究計劃和(he)任(ren)(ren)務,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為考(kao)評的(de)(de)(de)直接依據(ju)。考(kao)核期開始時以(yi)雙方簽訂的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標責任(ren)(ren)書(shu)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)合同或協議書(shu)為績效(xiao)(xiao)評價(jia)依據(ju),一(yi)般包括工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)描(miao)述(shu)。在(zai)績效(xiao)(xiao)實施過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收集到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)夠說明科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構績效(xiao)(xiao)表現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)和(he)事實,可(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為判斷科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構是否達到(dao)績效(xiao)(xiao)指標要求的(de)(de)(de)證據(ju)[12]。用科(ke)(ke)(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)評價(jia)辦法評定中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)(ren)務完成情況,績效(xiao)(xiao)評價(jia)一(yi)般按年(nian)度(du)進行(xing)考(kao)核評估。
3.3 堅持績效評(ping)價(jia)結果(guo)的反(fan)饋制(zhi)度
評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)后的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果要及(ji)(ji)時反饋,使被(bei)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)者了解(jie)到自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)和有(you)待改(gai)進的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面,同(tong)時了解(jie)上級(ji)對(dui)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)期望。只(zhi)有(you)事前(qian)有(you)計劃(hua),事后及(ji)(ji)時反饋與持續的(de)(de)(de)溝通,才能促進中醫(yi)藥科研(yan)機(ji)構和科研(yan)人員績效(xiao)(xiao)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高[13]。建立(li)績效(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)信息公(gong)開制度(du),將(jiang)(jiang)績效(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果在一定范(fan)圍內公(gong)布(bu),以提(ti)高評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)透明度(du)。同(tong)時,將(jiang)(jiang)績效(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)結(jie)果通報(bao)其上級(ji)行(xing)政(zheng)主管部門,作(zuo)為被(bei)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)中醫(yi)藥科研(yan)機(ji)構以后年度(du)安排預(yu)算及(ji)(ji)計劃(hua)項目的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要參考依據(ju)。對(dui)績效(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)結(jie)果優秀的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位,根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)(shi)際工作(zuo)需要在以后年度(du)預(yu)算中優先安排各類計劃(hua)項目;被(bei)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)科研(yan)單(dan)(dan)位要認真落實(shi)(shi)績效(xiao)(xiao)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)整改(gai)意見,切(qie)實(shi)(shi)加強管理,創新發(fa)展。
參考文獻
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[2]黎漢津,鄧.文獻計量學(xue)在中醫藥(yao)科(ke)研管理及規(gui)劃(hua)制(zhi)定中的(de)應(ying)用[J].中國中醫藥(yao)信息雜志,2000,7(7):92-93.
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[7]李(li)芳(fang),秦裕輝(hui),陸(lu)惠民(min),等(deng).中醫藥(yao)科(ke)研項目與科(ke)技成果綜合評價方法研究[J].中醫藥(yao)管理雜志(zhi),1995,5(3): 35-38.
[8]杜亞娟.軍(jun)工科(ke)研單位績效管理體系研究(jiu)與設計――以某(mou)軍(jun)工科(ke)研單位為例[D].西安:西安工業大學,2010.
[9]王小(xiao)波.ZY集團(tuan)基于目(mu)標管(guan)理的績效管(guan)理體系(xi)優化與設 計[D].長沙:中(zhong)南(nan)大學(xue),2010.
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[11]于輝,付靜彬.基(ji)于產出能力的農業科(ke)研基(ji)礎條(tiao)件投(tou)資效果研究[J].中國科(ke)技論(lun)壇(tan),2012,2(2):134-137,151.
[12]傅志,汪(wang)秋(qiu)磊.企業(ye)人力資(zi)源管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)設計(ji)[M].北(bei)京:經濟(ji)管(guan)理(li)出版社,2001.
篇3
1民間醫藥(yao)搜集的(de)方法與途徑
1.1文獻收集
文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)收集(ji)是收集(ji)古代流失于民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)書籍或地方(fang)志中(zhong)(zhong)與民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容和(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)專著(zhu)、民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科技(ji)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)會議(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容等。利(li)用文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)收集(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)法,整理收錄(lu)于文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)色(se)療(liao)法與方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。包括(kuo)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)色(se)療(liao)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨床(chuang)療(liao)效報道(dao),民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)常(chang)用草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱、起源、變(bian)遷(qian)、流傳(chuan)、分(fen)布和(he)(he)用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)法以及相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、生態、社會記載內(nei)容。為(wei)搶(qiang)救民(min)(min)(min)問中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)傳(chuan)統(tong)資(zi)源.許(xu)多民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)工作者(zhe)(zhe)均做了(le)大量文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)收集(ji)整理工作,如(ru)甘(gan)肅省(sheng)宕(dang)(dang)昌(chang)縣中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)院楊明勝醫(yi)(yi)師用十(shi)余年的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)搜(sou)集(ji)挖掘、整理研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源.出版發行了(le)大型中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)史書《宕(dang)(dang)昌(chang)羌藏中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)方(fang)錄(lu)》,記載了(le)清未至今(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)員225人(ren),收集(ji)整理羌藏民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)土單方(fang)1000余首.經驗(yan)方(fang)100余首,并對(dui)宕(dang)(dang)昌(chang)羌藏醫(yi)(yi)族傳(chuan)承演變(bian)進行了(le)詳細(xi)考證研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。筆者(zhe)(zhe)查閱1979.2009年的(de)(de)(de)(de)CNKI文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian).以“民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”作為(wei)檢索詞,“摘要”作為(wei)檢索項(xiang)迸行檢索,僅(jin)有227篇文(wen)(wen)(wen)章涉及民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu).目(mu)前對(dui)于民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)報道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章與論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較少。可(ke)見,科技(ji)和(he)(he)會議(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)收集(ji)并不(bu)是民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)挖掘整理的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要途徑。
1.2田野調查收集(ji)
田(tian)野(ye)(ye)調(diao)查(cha)是(shi)指深(shen)人(ren)實地考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)、直接采集(ji)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。也(ye)是(shi)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)研究中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)研究方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)一。有關資(zi)料表明(ming)。目前我(wo)國專職(zhi)或兼職(zhi)從事民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)活動的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員大約有50多(duo)萬人(ren),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)包括(kuo)鄉村醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)、街道個體開業醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)、散在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)鄉的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng).以及部分(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)集(ji)體所有制單位工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)務人(ren)員等,這些民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)許多(duo)身懷絕(jue)技(ji)和(he)特效(xiao)(xiao)方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)。但(dan)這些民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)大多(duo)仍在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)小范圍內口授心傳(chuan),缺少(shao)記錄(lu)、整理(li)。田(tian)野(ye)(ye)調(diao)查(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)研究中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)任(ren)務是(shi)調(diao)查(cha)搜集(ji)記錄(lu)各(ge)種民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)及其(qi)適宜技(ji)術。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)野(ye)(ye)調(diao)查(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)。調(diao)查(cha)者(zhe)運用勘(kan)測、詢問、交談(tan)、考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)等多(duo)種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)進行實地考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha),包括(kuo)對當地有名的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)訪(fang)談(tan)、參觀、群(qun)體訪(fang)問調(diao)查(cha)及口傳(chuan)習(xi)俗的(de)(de)(de)內容等進行記錄(lu)、整理(li)和(he)分(fen)析(xi).歸納總結成為(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)日志。對于民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)野(ye)(ye)調(diao)查(cha),許多(duo)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)和(he)科研人(ren)員多(duo)已自發(fa)開展。田(tian)野(ye)(ye)調(diao)查(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)收(shou)集(ji)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)優勢在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)研究可(ke)提供第一手的(de)(de)(de)感性資(zi)料.不足之(zhi)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于收(shou)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)療(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)僅在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當地使用.而(er)且(qie)(qie)有的(de)(de)(de)僅為(wei)121述相傳(chuan),缺乏確(que)切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)臨床(chuang)驗(yan)證資(zi)料。且(qie)(qie)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)確(que)切(qie)性有待(dai)進一步(bu)考(kao)(kao)證。
1.3獻(xian)方獻(xian)技收集
1958年。全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)廣泛開(kai)展了(le)收(shou)集(ji)(ji)民(min)間(jian)(jian)秘方(fang)(fang)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)的(de)采(cai)(cai)風運(yun)動。鼓勵民(min)間(jian)(jian)醫(yi)生(sheng)獻(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)獻(xian)(xian)技。采(cai)(cai)風運(yun)動采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)的(de)秘方(fang)(fang)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)數量(liang)多至千萬項(xiang)。2006年出臺了(le)《國(guo)家(jia)中醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)管理(li)(li)局(ju)受(shou)(shou)(shou)理(li)(li)中醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)無償捐(juan)獻(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(試行)>。該辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)對受(shou)(shou)(shou)理(li)(li)范圍(wei)、受(shou)(shou)(shou)理(li)(li)部(bu)門、受(shou)(shou)(shou)理(li)(li)程序、處(chu)理(li)(li)原則等事項(xiang)做出了(le)明(ming)確規定,對民(min)間(jian)(jian)中醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)捐(juan)獻(xian)(xian)及收(shou)集(ji)(ji)整理(li)(li)等工作進(jin)行了(le)規范,并在國(guo)家(jia)中醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)管理(li)(li)局(ju)設(she)立長(chang)期有(you)效(xiao)的(de)獻(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)獻(xian)(xian)技的(de)郵政信(xin)箱、電(dian)話(hua)和網站。辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)實施(shi)以來,通(tong)過無償捐(juan)獻(xian)(xian),受(shou)(shou)(shou)理(li)(li)了(le)民(min)間(jian)(jian)特(te)色診(zhen)療技術和方(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)200多項(xiang)。獻(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)獻(xian)(xian)技收(shou)集(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)到目前為止。已(yi)經收(shou)集(ji)(ji)到了(le)大量(liang)的(de)民(min)間(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)和適宜技術,但這些驗(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)的(de)療效(xiao)確切(qie)性(xing)亦有(you)待進(jin)一步驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)。
1.4民(min)間醫藥數據庫
民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單方(fang)(fang)(fang)、驗方(fang)(fang)(fang)和診療(liao)(liao)技(ji)術浩瀚,對(dui)其進(jin)行挖(wa)(wa)掘整(zheng)理,分(fen)門別類。取其精華,民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)的(de)建(jian)立是基礎。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)構建(jian)技(ji)術及(ji)檢(jian)索(suo)技(ji)術.將收集和整(zheng)理的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)和療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)資(zi)料錄(lu)入。包括(kuo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)、技(ji)法(fa)(fa)的(de)源(yuan)流(liu),地(di)區分(fen)布(bu)和應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況,藥(yao)(yao)物的(de)品種質(zhi)量、加工方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量、已知(zhi)化學(xue)成分(fen)、藥(yao)(yao)理作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、臨床效用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)屬性、臨床經驗功用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主治、不良反應以(yi)及(ji)開發(fa)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前景等(deng)一體化的(de)信息,建(jian)立開放式民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)、療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)的(de)綜合信息數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku).實(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)和療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)信息的(de)檢(jian)索(suo)、查詢、應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、開發(fa)和多數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)信息共享的(de)自動(dong)、自助(zhu)作(zuo)業(ye)。目前我國國家中醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)管理局中國中醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)科(ke)技(ji)開發(fa)交流(liu)中心“民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)發(fa)掘整(zheng)理及(ji)評價(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)”課題組已通(tong)過調查研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)初步建(jian)立了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)有關的(de)3個數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku),即(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)材數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)和民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)。通(tong)過這些相關數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)的(de)建(jian)立為民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、技(ji)的(de)定性研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)價(jia)值(zhi)評價(jia)、醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)析比(bi)較研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)等(deng)提(ti)供了(le)(le)基礎資(zi)料,有利于對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、技(ji)進(jin)行深(shen)入的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)挖(wa)(wa)掘或知(zhi)識(shi)發(fa)現(xian)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。
1.5民(min)間醫藥陳列館/博物館
民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)料原始傳承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)則為(wei)缺乏記錄,口(kou)耳(er)相授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料較(jiao)多(duo),因此,為(wei)了更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保存(cun)(cun)(cun),進而有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現對于民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘整理(li),我國(guo)(guo)部分地區、科研機(ji)構和(he)研究人(ren)員.包括地方(fang)政府均著手建(jian)立民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)陳列(lie)(lie)館。陳列(lie)(lie)館對收(shou)集(ji)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。應(ying)結合來源地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物種(zhong)分布情況(kuang),采集(ji)原植物,進行品(pin)種(zhong)鑒定,制(zhi)成標本(ben)、圖譜(pu)等保存(cun)(cun)(cun)。對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)技法中獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)器具進行收(shou)藏,并拍攝民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)療(liao)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)過程,保存(cun)(cun)(cun)為(wei)影像(xiang)資(zi)料。我國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)博(bo)物館早(zao)在1996年重慶建(jian)有重慶民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)博(bo)物館,近年來北京(jing)御生堂博(bo)物館在北京(jing)崛起,該館藏品(pin)數量較(jiao)多(duo),又曾于2008年7月參加(jia)國(guo)(guo)家中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)管理(li)局和(he)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)查爾斯(si)王子基金(jin)會共同舉辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“中國(guo)(guo)中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)文化周”活動(dong),影響(xiang)日漸(jian)擴(kuo)大田(tian)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)博(bo)物館成為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)文物搶救和(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)古籍藏品(pin)征集(ji)整理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要場所。有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保存(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源.為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)挖掘整理(li)和(he)研究活動(dong)提供了支撐(cheng)。但目前存(cun)(cun)(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要問題是(shi)收(shou)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料數量少,品(pin)種(zhong)較(jiao)單一(yi),加(jia)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)博(bo)物館多(duo)為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)愛好者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)發收(shou)集(ji)行為(wei).因此,博(bo)物館運(yun)行經(jing)費(fei)緊張。且缺乏專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)工作(zuo)人(ren)才,導致民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)博(bo)物館僅為(wei)初級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳列(lie)(lie)和(he)參觀(guan)作(zuo)用。缺乏系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘。
1.6民間醫藥科研與學術(shu)交流活動
充分發(fa)揮民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)團體的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)展學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)活(huo)動,發(fa)揮民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)力量(liang)已成(cheng)為(wei)搜集(ji)(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要來源之一。如民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所成(cheng)立(li)(li)以來.已研(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)出治療(liao)眩暈癥的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物“八仙寧”、“八仙丹”:治療(liao)乳腺小葉增生、子(zi)宮肌瘤、卵(luan)巢囊腫(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)婦(fu)科(ke)良藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。阿莫諾(nuo)期”、“婦(fu)樂康”等一批療(liao)效顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物。廣西民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所通過對散落在(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯(zhuang)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘整(zheng)理(li)。先后收集(ji)(ji)了(le)10000多個壯(zhuang)族(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)驗(yan)方(fang)、秘方(fang)及一些(xie)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)價(jia)值較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手(shou)抄本和古籍(ji)文物,編輯出版(ban)了(le)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)壯(zhuang)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》、《壯(zhuang)族(zu)(zu)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)史》、《廣西壯(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)新資(zi)源》、《觀(guan)目診病》等論(lun)著,總結出一套行(xing)之有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯(zhuang)醫(yi)診療(liao)技(ji)法.從而(er)為(wei)形成(cheng)獨立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯(zhuang)醫(yi)體系奠(dian)定了(le)基(ji)礎(chu)。于1997年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南寧廣博民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效方(fang)開(kai)發(fa)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所。研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)苦丁降火茶被譽為(wei)居家旅途的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)便飲品。民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)活(huo)動近年(nian)(nian)亦呈現逐步開(kai)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)態勢。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)開(kai)發(fa)協會成(cheng)立(li)(li)以來,先后舉辦了(le)多次有關(guan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)活(huo)動.為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展作(zuo)出了(le)突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻(xian)。1995年(nian)(nian).陜西省首屆民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)會議在(zai)西安召開(kai)。會議交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)有關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)論(lun)文60余篇。2006年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)傳統診療(liao)技(ji)術(shu)與驗(yan)方(fang)整(zheng)理(li)分會成(cheng)立(li)(li),有效地促進了(le)中(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)特色療(liao)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘整(zheng)理(li)、發(fa)展創新。
1.7網絡收集
隨著醫(yi)藥(yao)科技信(xin)息化(hua)時(shi)代的到(dao)來和(he)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡資源(yuan)的普及,網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡也成(cheng)為許多(duo)民間(jian)醫(yi)生展示其(qi)特色方藥(yao)和(he)醫(yi)療技術的平臺,同時(shi),網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡也成(cheng)為民間(jian)醫(yi)生交流經(jing)驗和(he)民間(jian)方藥(yao)收集整理的有(you)效來源(yuan)與方法之(zhi)一。目(mu)前能在網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上找(zhao)到(dao)的民間(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)站已有(you)不少,諸如(ru)中國民間(jian)中醫(yi)藥(yao)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、民間(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、民間(jian)傳統傳承醫(yi)藥(yao)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、濟南華佗民間(jian)中醫(yi)藥(yao)研究所網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、劉氏醫(yi)圈網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、黃家醫(yi)圈網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)等。
2民間(jian)醫藥的挖(wa)掘整(zheng)理措施
民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)搜(sou)集(ji)、整(zheng)理(li)、挖掘、開發(fa)和(he)推廣應(ying)用是一項任重而道遠的(de)工(gong)作,我國的(de)民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)開發(fa)目前正在(zai)朝(chao)向(xiang)兩個極端方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展:一方(fang)面(mian)。優良民(min)間中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)技能得不到(dao)有效(xiao)的(de)開發(fa)利用,有的(de)甚至瀕臨(lin)失傳的(de)邊(bian)緣;另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian),一些虛假(jia)民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)確在(zai)擾亂醫(yi)(yi)療市場(chang)。如何有效(xiao)的(de)挖掘整(zheng)理(li)成為民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)作者面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)挑戰。綜合目前我國民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)挖掘、整(zheng)理(li)工(gong)作開展的(de)現狀。對于民(min)間醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)挖掘整(zheng)理(li)提出(chu)以下措施,以進一步加強(qiang)對于民(min)間中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)保護和(he)開發(fa)。
2.1加強民間(jian)醫藥知識產權保護(hu)
民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)授特(te)(te)點及民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要決定了民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)守性,部分特(te)(te)色(se)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術與驗方(fang)輕易不會外傳(chuan)。致(zhi)使這(zhe)(zhe)些民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)技術時時有(you)(you)失(shi)傳(chuan)之虞.這(zhe)(zhe)將對(dui)(dui)(dui)我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)事業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展造成極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。因此,充分利(li)(li)用(yong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施方(fang)法(fa),更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi),進(jin)(jin)而促進(jin)(jin)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖掘。目前(qian)我國(guo)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施主要有(you)(you):中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品種(zhong)行政保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發明(ming)專利(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu).中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)商(shang)標(biao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地、地理標(biao)志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外包裝(zhuang)設(she)計(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),商(shang)業(ye)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)密保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),國(guo)家(jia)科技秘(mi)(mi)(mi)密保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)著作(zuo)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。我國(guo)目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)專利(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)主要是照搬西藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)管理辦法(fa),由于中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊性.對(dui)(dui)(dui)散于民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)方(fang)、驗方(fang)等很難提供(gong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。因此。必須建立起適合中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)傳(chuan)承過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)政策措(cuo)施或行政法(fa)律方(fang)案(an),加強民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護(hu)(hu)(hu)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)既得利(li)(li)益(yi),只有(you)(you)在民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切身利(li)(li)益(yi)得到(dao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下。才(cai)能(neng)達到(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入(ru)挖掘。對(dui)(dui)(dui)此,國(guo)家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管理局也在逐步開(kai)展針對(dui)(dui)(dui)民(min)族醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)地區和(he)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)試點工作(zuo)。初步選(xuan)取貴州(zhou)省作(zuo)為試點省,結合貴州(zhou)省正在制定傳(chuan)統知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)條(tiao)例工作(zuo),選(xuan)擇(ze)1—2個苗醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發展較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地區進(jin)(jin)行試點,探索民(min)族和(he)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)方(fang)轉變為自主知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)路徑。促進(jin)(jin)出臺民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)方(fang)轉變為自主知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策措(cuo)施,促進(jin)(jin)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)挖掘整理。
2.2進一步加強民間醫藥(yao)科研(yan)研(yan)究
“十(shi)一五”期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),我(wo)國將民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有關(guan)的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)工作列(lie)入國家(jia)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)支撐(cheng)計劃進(jin)(jin)行專(zhuan)題研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu).同(tong)時將進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)(bu)完善中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)現代(dai)化(hua)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)產業基地建設.強化(hua)基地對民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果的(de)孵化(hua)功能作為國家(jia)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展規劃。國家(jia)也在進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)(bu)支持(chi)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展.充分發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)我(wo)國豐(feng)富的(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)。但“十(shi)一五”期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)對于民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)僅處(chu)于收集(ji)和(he)整(zheng)理階(jie)段。如何從民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)挖掘(jue)出優質的(de)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)則更為至關(guan)重(zhong)要。因此。建議將民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)納入“十(shi)二五”國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展規劃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong).在國家(jia)各項研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)課題中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。成立民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)專(zhuan)項.予以資(zi)金(jin)和(he)政(zheng)策支持(chi)。并(bing)整(zheng)合國內中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)著名科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機(ji)構(gou),建立完善的(de)民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)才資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、醫(yi)療和(he)技(ji)(ji)術資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)數據庫。
篇4
英(ying)文名稱:Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College
主管單位:安徽省教育廳
主辦單位:安徽中醫(yi)學(xue)院
出版周期:雙月刊
出(chu)版地(di)址:安(an)徽省(sheng)合肥市
語
種:中文
開
本:大16開
國際刊號:1000-2219
國(guo)內刊號:34-1066/R
郵(you)發代號:26-23
發(fa)(fa)行范圍(wei):國內外統一發(fa)(fa)行
創刊時(shi)間(jian):1981
期刊收錄:
核心期刊:
期刊榮譽:
Caj-cd規范獲獎期刊(kan)
聯系方式
篇5
長期以來,臺(tai)灣當局(ju)對于中(zhong)草藥(yao)教育(yu)重視不夠,使得臺(tai)灣中(zhong)藥(yao)高等(deng)教育(yu)起步較晚,近年(nian)來才有較大的發展。現將主要的中(zhong)藥(yao)高等(deng)教育(yu)院(yuan)校的辦學理念、師資、課(ke)程設(she)置概況介紹如下。
1 臺灣(wan)中藥高等教育(yu)現狀(zhuang)
1.1 長庚(geng)大(da)學天然藥物研(yan)究所
該所主(zhu)要培養碩(shuo)(shuo)士研究生(sheng),于2005年3月經臺灣“教育部”審查通過。該所碩(shuo)(shuo)士研究生(sheng)畢業時(shi),若入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)前具有(you)藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)士學(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)者則授(shou)予藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)碩(shuo)(shuo)士學(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei),其(qi)余則授(shou)予理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)碩(shuo)(shuo)士學(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)(wei)。
1.1.1 辦學理念
該所的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)教學理念是:培(pei)育有(you)(you)能(neng)力“以(yi)西藥(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)法(fa)論(lun)進行中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學科(ke)技(ji)人才”,建立能(neng)結(jie)合中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)劑研究(jiu)與臨床(chuang)療效評估的(de)(de)研究(jiu)團隊,使中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)技(ji)早(zao)日(ri)升(sheng)級。為(wei)此,在(zai)課程設(she)制中(zhong)(zhong)強化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)理論(lun)學習,在(zai)研究(jiu)上建立臨床(chuang)與基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)整(zheng)合的(de)(de)研究(jiu)發展模式(shi)。為(wei)了配(pei)合臺灣省發展中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)重點計劃,結(jie)合先(xian)進的(de)(de)農業及制藥(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)技(ji),該所以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)經驗法(fa)則來確(que)定其研究(jiu)目標:中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)信息系統化(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)源標準化(hua)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植物(wu)育種(zhong)及組(zu)織培(pei)養、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材有(you)(you)效成分(fen)最(zui)佳化(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)最(zui)佳化(hua)。
1.1.2 師(shi)資隊伍
該所(suo)現(xian)有專(zhuan)兼(jian)職(zhi)教(jiao)師11人(ren)(ren),其中包括(kuo)教(jiao)授(shou)5人(ren)(ren)(專(zhuan)職(zhi)2人(ren)(ren)、兼(jian)職(zhi)3人(ren)(ren)),副教(jiao)授(shou)3人(ren)(ren)(專(zhuan)職(zhi)1人(ren)(ren)、兼(jian)職(zhi)2人(ren)(ren)),助理教(jiao)授(shou)3人(ren)(ren)(專(zhuan)職(zhi)2人(ren)(ren)、兼(jian)職(zhi)1人(ren)(ren))。涉及研究(jiu)領域包括(kuo):藥(yao)理學(xue)、生化/分(fen)子(zi)生物;腫(zhong)瘤藥(yao)物化學(xue)、藥(yao)物輸送系(xi)統設(she)計;藥(yao)劑學(xue)、藥(yao)物動力學(xue);藥(yao)理;藥(yao)用(yong)植物學(xue)、本(ben)草學(xue)等(deng)方(fang)面。
1.1.3 專業課程設(she)置
專業課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)設(she)置主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)組和藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)組的(de)區(qu)分,其公共(gong)必(bi)修課(ke)(ke)設(she)有(you):生物藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特論、天(tian)然藥(yao)(yao)物學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特論。公共(gong)主(zhu)要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)修課(ke)(ke)設(she)有(you):分離技術、中(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)基礎(chu)理論、有(you)機光譜學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研究方法(fa)、醣(tang)類分子(zi)免疫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等。理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)組設(she)“六選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)三”科目,即從儀器(qi)分析、藥(yao)(yao)效學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特論、基礎(chu)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研究方法(fa)、藥(yao)(yao)物設(she)計(ji)及(ji)實(shi)(shi)務(wu)(必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan))、藥(yao)(yao)物分析方法(fa)、藥(yao)(yao)效篩選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)等6門(men)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇3門(men)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)組設(she)“八選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)四”科目,即從藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)效篩選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、訊號傳遞、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)物設(she)計(ji)及(ji)實(shi)(shi)務(wu)(必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan))、藥(yao)(yao)效學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特論、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)信息(xi)研究(一)、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)信息(xi)研究(二)等8門(men)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇4門(men)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。
1.2 中國醫(yi)藥大學
1.2.1 中國藥學研(yan)究(jiu)所
該所創(chuang)立于(yu)1974年(nian)5月1日(ri),創(chuang)立時主要培養碩士(shi)研(yan)究生(sheng)。于(yu)1992年(nian)11月18日(ri)成立“中國藥學研(yan)究所博士(shi)班”。
1.2.1.1 辦(ban)學理(li)念
該所(suo)的辦學理(li)(li)念(nian)是:以固有(you)中國傳統藥學為經,從(cong)歷代的豐富文獻資料中整理(li)(li)、探討(tao)、研究藥學。以現(xian)代藥學為緯,即以現(xian)代的科(ke)學方法、現(xian)代的藥學理(li)(li)論,從(cong)各個(ge)藥材的原植物調查、采(cai)集、鑒定,確定真品來源(yuan),進而從(cong)化學、藥理(li)(li)學分析,探討(tao)其(qi)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)成分、藥理(li)(li)作用(yong);探討(tao)其(qi)效(xiao)(xiao)價,改(gai)良劑型,擴展其(qi)應(ying)用(yong)范圍(wei),開創新有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)方劑。
1.2.1.2 主要(yao)課程設置
藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)碩(shuo)士研究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至少(shao)應(ying)修(xiu)35學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(碩(shuo)士論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)6學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)另計(ji))才能畢(bi)業(ye)。碩(shuo)士班(ban)必修(xiu)的課程(cheng)設有(you):本(ben)草(cao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用動(dong)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)統計(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)局學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)討論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)討論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產業(ye)技(ji)術。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)博(bo)士研究生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至少(shao)應(ying)修(xiu)20學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(博(bo)士論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)文(wen)12學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)另計(ji))才能畢(bi)業(ye)。博(bo)士班(ban)必修(xiu)的課程(cheng)設有(you):本(ben)草(cao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用動(dong)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研究方法特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)局學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)討論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)。
1.2.1.3 師(shi)資(zi)隊伍
中國藥(yao)學(xue)(xue)研究所現有專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)兼(jian)(jian)職教(jiao)師19人(ren)(ren),其中包括(kuo)教(jiao)授(shou)9人(ren)(ren)(專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職6人(ren)(ren)、兼(jian)(jian)職3人(ren)(ren)),副教(jiao)授(shou)4人(ren)(ren)(專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職3人(ren)(ren)、兼(jian)(jian)職1人(ren)(ren)),助理(li)教(jiao)授(shou)6人(ren)(ren)(專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)職4人(ren)(ren)、兼(jian)(jian)職2人(ren)(ren))。涉及(ji)研究領域包括(kuo):生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)學(xue)(xue)、植物化學(xue)(xue)、中藥(yao)藥(yao)理(li)學(xue)(xue)、中藥(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)、中藥(yao)方劑學(xue)(xue)、中藥(yao)炮制、中西(xi)藥(yao)物相互作用、植物生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)學(xue)(xue)、酵(jiao)素化學(xue)(xue)、分子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)等(deng)。
1.2.2 中藥(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)學系
該系于2002年(nian)成立,并于同年(nian)開始(shi)招生(sheng),主要培育中藥專(zhuan)業的本科人(ren)才。
1.2.2.1 辦(ban)學理念
該系(xi)以融貫中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)系(xi)統、建(jian)立最新(xin)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學術(shu)體(ti)系(xi)、培(pei)養中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)專業人才為宗旨(zhi),培(pei)育中(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)資源(yuan)研發人才、中(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)生物技術(shu)研發人才、中(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)資源(yuan)管(guan)理與行銷(xiao)人才等有特色(se)的中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)人才。
1.2.2.2 專(zhuan)業課程設置
該系的專業課設置為(wei):生(sheng)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)、本草(cao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)技(ji)術概論、藥(yao)(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)實驗(yan)、分析化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、分子生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)及免疫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、儀器分析、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)用物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)統(tong)計學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)用動物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、植物(wu)(wu)組織培養、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)炮制學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、天然物(wu)(wu)化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)質量管理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)質量管理(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)方(fang)劑(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成藥(yao)(yao)商品(pin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)產品(pin)開發研究(jiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)調劑(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)栽培學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等。
1.3 大仁科(ke)技大學藥學系暨制藥科(ke)技研(yan)究所
1.3.1 辦學理念
該系以配(pei)合醫藥(yao)及發展生物科技(ji)(ji)(ji)的政策(ce),參酌國際藥(yao)物發展趨向,旨在培(pei)育制藥(yao)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)人才,為臺(tai)灣制藥(yao)工業培(pei)養各種制藥(yao)事(shi)務,包括生技(ji)(ji)(ji)藥(yao)物的研發制造等適用人才為目標。
1.3.2 專業課程設置
該系核心課(ke)(ke)程涵蓋制藥(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生物技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、生藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)4個專業。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生除共同課(ke)(ke)“生物技(ji)(ji)術(shu)”外,分(fen)別依(yi)主修(xiu)(xiu)專業設(she)(she)專業課(ke)(ke)程,其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)專業課(ke)(ke)程必修(xiu)(xiu)課(ke)(ke)設(she)(she)有(you):天然物化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、高等(deng)有(you)機化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、光譜學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)論(lun)(lun)文寫(xie)作;選修(xiu)(xiu)課(ke)(ke)設(she)(she)有(you):儀器分(fen)析、分(fen)離技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)鑒定學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)炮制學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、毒理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、組織培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、生技(ji)(ji)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品工(gong)業制造技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植物學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)、中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)劑學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)(te)論(lun)(lun)。
1.3.3 師資隊(dui)伍
大仁科(ke)技大學藥學系暨制藥科(ke)技研究所現(xian)有(you)專兼職教師(shi)30人,包括6位(wei)教授(shou),18位(wei)副教授(shou),6位(wei)助理教授(shou),其(qi)中有(you)25位(wei)具(ju)博士學位(wei)。
1.4 臺(tai)北醫(yi)學大學生物資源(yuan)技術學系
該系為2年(nian)制(zhi)在職進修(xiu)專班,于1999年(nian)起招生。
1.4.1 辦學理念
將(jiang)“傳統中國醫藥融合現代制(zhi)造技術,使中藥科學得以傳承(cheng)發(fa)揚”作為該系辦學理念。
1.4.2 師(shi)資隊(dui)伍
該系(xi)現(xian)有教師(shi)10人(ren),包(bao)括教授(shou)4人(ren),副教授(shou)4人(ren),助理教授(shou)2人(ren)。
1.4.3 專業課程設(she)置
必(bi)(bi)修(xiu)60學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分,公共選(xuan)修(xiu)10學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分,專業(ye)選(xuan)修(xiu)18學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分,畢業(ye)共計需88學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分。必(bi)(bi)修(xiu)課設(she)(she)有:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)科技講座、傳統(tong)醫藥(yao)概論(lun)、普通(tong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、本草學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)藥(yao)品(pin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、天然物(wu)(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)妝品(pin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、儀(yi)器分析(xi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)種鑒別、分子生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)制劑學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)膳食療學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥(yao)用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)栽培學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)技術(shu)、有機化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、炮制學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、方劑學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、基(ji)因工程(cheng)概論(lun)、天然物(wu)(wu)(wu)分析(xi)。選(xuan)修(xiu)課設(she)(she)有:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)技術(shu)信息、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)技術(shu)專利法規(gui)、酵(jiao)素學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、蛋白化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、海洋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)、微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)免疫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、企業(ye)管理、組織培養技術(shu)、藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)食品(pin)法規(gui)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)活性分析(xi)、細(xi)胞生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、酦(fa)酵(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、標準研究(jiu)室規(gui)劃(hua)、優良制造規(gui)范、醫藥(yao)法律與實務、醣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。
2 臺(tai)灣中藥教育培養模式存在(zai)的問題
據上述,臺灣中藥(yao)(yao)高等教(jiao)育已(yi)涉及專科(ke)、本科(ke)、研究(jiu)生等多(duo)層次中藥(yao)(yao)人才(cai)的培(pei)養(yang)。但臺灣在中草藥(yao)(yao)相關教(jiao)學方面,普(pu)遍缺乏深入的中藥(yao)(yao)教(jiao)學。如長庚大學天然藥(yao)(yao)物研究(jiu)所明(ming)確(que)指出其中藥(yao)(yao)教(jiao)學理念就是培(pei)育有能力(li)“以西藥(yao)(yao)方法論進行中藥(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)的藥(yao)(yao)學科(ke)技人才(cai)”。可(ke)見其自身的培(pei)養(yang)模式(shi)存在問題。
2.1 向“西化(hua)”趨勢發展
臺(tai)灣在(zai)中(zhong)草藥專(zhuan)業培養(yang)人才(cai)方面有向“西化(hua)(hua)”發展的趨勢。由于(yu)對培養(yang)中(zhong)藥研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的中(zhong)藥學(xue)專(zhuan)業科(ke)技人才(cai)的傳統中(zhong)醫(yi)藥理(li)論不夠(gou)重(zhong)視,各(ge)醫(yi)學(xue)院校的藥學(xue)系教(jiao)學(xue)大都以西藥為(wei)主,即使是(shi)中(zhong)藥專(zhuan)業培養(yang)人才(cai)也以“用西藥方法(fa)論進行中(zhong)藥研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)”為(wei)理(li)念。隨著中(zhong)藥現代藥理(li)、化(hua)(hua)學(xue)成分研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的日趨深入,卻(que)丟失了(le)中(zhong)藥“湯劑”的特(te)(te)色(se)。許(xu)多中(zhong)醫(yi)師也直(zhi)接將現代藥理(li)、藥化(hua)(hua)的有關(guan)理(li)論移植并指導中(zhong)醫(yi)臨床(chuang)治療(liao),嚴重(zhong)地干擾了(le)中(zhong)醫(yi)學(xue)辨證論治特(te)(te)色(se)的發揮。
篇6
我區現有(you)12個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,7個街道辦事處,總(zong)人(ren)口約43萬。其中(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)市(shi)人(ren)口約21萬,農村(cun)人(ren)口約22萬。全區現有(you)各(ge)級各(ge)類醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生機構281家(jia),其中(zhong)(zhong)區屬中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機構1家(jia)(區中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)),中(zhong)(zhong)心衛(wei)(wei)生院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)4家(jia)(姚千鎮區二院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、陳相(xiang)鎮區三院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、林盛鎮區四院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、八一鎮區紅(hong)十(shi)字醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)),鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮衛(wei)(wei)生院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)9家(jia)(十(shi)里河、佟(tong)溝、白(bai)清、永樂、沙(sha)河、紅(hong)菱、王(wang)剛、大溝、城(cheng)郊)。民營醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機構40家(jia)。廠企醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機構28家(jia),村(cun)衛(wei)(wei)生室190家(jia)。目(mu)前,鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮衛(wei)(wei)生院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)設有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)科室的6家(jia),占鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮衛(wei)(wei)生院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的46,有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)員25人(ren)。全區共有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)員200人(ren),占醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)員的15.3。村(cun)衛(wei)(wei)生室有(you)能中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)西的鄉(xiang)(xiang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)29人(ren)。
區(qu)政府為(wei)推動中醫藥(yao)事業的(de)(de)發展,提高廣大人(ren)民群(qun)眾的(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康水(shui)平(ping),20__年(nian)(nian)決定(ding)申(shen)報(bao)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農村中醫工作(zuo)先進(jin)縣(xian)(區(qu)),20__年(nian)(nian)被(bei)國(guo)家中醫藥(yao)管理局(ju)確定(ding)為(wei)“全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農村中醫工作(zuo)先進(jin)縣(xian)(區(qu))創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)單位”。近年(nian)(nian)來,在創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農村中醫工作(zuo)先進(jin)縣(xian)(區(qu))工作(zuo)中,區(qu)政府認真貫(guan)徹落實“三個代表”重要思想,加(jia)強領(ling)導,健(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)組織(zhi),科學規(gui)劃,突出(chu)重點,加(jia)強培訓(xun),開展科研,強化管理,完善制(zhi)度(du),定(ding)期檢查(cha),嚴格考(kao)核,增大投入,扎實工作(zuo),加(jia)快了(le)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)步(bu)伐,取得了(le)非常可喜的(de)(de)成(cheng)績。主要工作(zuo)是:
(一)領(ling)導重視,機構健(jian)全(quan),管理嚴(yan)格,為(wei)創建(jian)工作奠定了良好基礎(chu)
區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)為(wei)加強對創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao),建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)各(ge)(ge)(ge)層組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)機(ji)構,明(ming)(ming)(ming)確任(ren)(ren)務,落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)責(ze)任(ren)(ren),全(quan)面(mian)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)工作(zuo)任(ren)(ren)務。一是注重(zhong)領(ling)(ling)導(dao),健全(quan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)成(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)由主(zhu)管(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)任(ren)(ren)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),衛生(sheng)局(ju)、財(cai)政(zheng)局(ju)、人事局(ju)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)計劃局(ju)局(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)任(ren)(ren)副(fu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)振興中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),下設(she)辦公(gong)(gong)室,辦公(gong)(gong)室設(she)在區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)衛生(sheng)局(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)科。衛生(sheng)局(ju)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)建(jian)了(le)(le)以局(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),分管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)副(fu)局(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)副(fu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),衛生(sheng)局(ju)專(zhuan)門(men)成(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)指(zhi)導(dao)科,由熟悉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥政(zheng)策、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)知識和(he)(he)熟悉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)情況的(de)(de)(de)同志負(fu)責(ze)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥工作(zuo)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)依照區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)要求分別成(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)農村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。為(wei)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)全(quan)國農村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)先進縣(xian)(xian)(區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))提供了(le)(le)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)保(bao)證(zheng)。二是明(ming)(ming)(ming)確目標(biao),落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)責(ze)任(ren)(ren),定(ding)(ding)期(qi)檢(jian)查(cha)考核(he)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)多次召開領(ling)(ling)導(dao)會(hui)議和(he)(he)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)會(hui)議,提高創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)認識,明(ming)(ming)(ming)確創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)任(ren)(ren)務。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)各(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)將創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)全(quan)國農村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)先進縣(xian)(xian)(區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))工作(zuo)納入(ru)(ru)了(le)(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)社會(hui)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃,制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)切實(shi)(shi)可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)目標(biao)。主(zhu)管(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)與各(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)簽定(ding)(ding)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)狀(zhuang),明(ming)(ming)(ming)確創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)工作(zuo)責(ze)任(ren)(ren),對鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥工作(zuo)進行(xing)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)考核(he),并(bing)把考核(he)結果列入(ru)(ru)全(quan)年(nian)目標(biao)考核(he)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。衛生(sheng)局(ju)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)崗位目標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)及(ji)檢(jian)查(cha)、考核(he)標(biao)準和(he)(he)辦法(fa)。對區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機(ji)構每半年(nian)檢(jian)查(cha)一次,年(nian)終進行(xing)全(quan)面(mian)考核(he)評比。發(fa)(fa)現問題(ti)(ti)及(ji)時(shi)采取(qu)對策,并(bing)提出改進意見(jian),由衛生(sheng)局(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)指(zhi)導(dao)科負(fu)責(ze)督辦落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)。三是完善制(zhi)度,嚴格管(guan)理(li)。在創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),建(jian)立(li)(li)完善了(le)(le)各(ge)(ge)(ge)項管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度,并(bing)隨時(shi)進行(xing)監(jian)督檢(jian)查(cha)。對各(ge)(ge)(ge)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥工作(zuo)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)質量(liang)監(jian)督,突出中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病志、處方書(shu)寫(xie)質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥療(liao)效(xiao)、技術操作(zuo)規程(cheng)以及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)護理(li)等的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)監(jian)督。嚴格了(le)(le)民(min)(min)營醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)業務管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)質量(liang)考核(he),開展(zhan)質量(liang)千分考核(he)活動,獎優罰劣(lie),提高了(le)(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)和(he)(he)個體醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)業務水平,凈化了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)市場,維護了(le)(le)人民(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)切身利(li)益,推動了(le)(le)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)順利(li)開展(zhan)。
(二)重點突(tu)出,網(wang)絡(luo)完善,加快了創建工作的(de)步伐
區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府在創(chuang)建全(quan)國農村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)先進(jin)縣(xian)(區(qu)(qu))工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),突出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)點(dian),優化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)資源,強化了(le)(le)(le)(le)網(wang)絡(luo)建設(she)(she),取得了(le)(le)(le)(le)較好的(de)效果。一(yi)是以(yi)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍頭(tou),加快了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)建設(she)(she)。目前,區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)資源雄厚,現(xian)(xian)有業(ye)務用(yong)(yong)房建筑面(mian)積(ji)2.2萬平(ping)方米,床(chuang)(chuang)位300張,床(chuang)(chuang)位使用(yong)(yong)率20__年(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)136.8。全(quan)院(yuan)(yuan)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)98人(ren)(ren)(ren),占全(quan)院(yuan)(yuan)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)65.58,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)職(zhi)稱結(jie)構合(he)理,有心(xin)(xin)(xin)腦血管疾病(bing)(bing)定位診斷(duan)、治(zhi)療(liao)DSA成(cheng)像系統等大型(xing)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)設(she)(she)備,固定資產達(da)到(dao)8000多萬元。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)門診有一(yi)級臨床(chuang)(chuang)科(ke)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)13個(ge)(ge),二級科(ke)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)15個(ge)(ge),其血栓病(bing)(bing)科(ke)在全(quan)區(qu)(qu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮了(le)(le)(le)(le)重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。同(tong)時有先進(jin)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)制劑室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)藥(yao)達(da)24個(ge)(ge)品種,并全(quan)部達(da)到(dao)國家藥(yao)檢標準(zhun),基本滿足(zu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)全(quan)院(yuan)(yuan)臨床(chuang)(chuang)及其廣大患者的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。20__年(nian)以(yi)來,年(nian)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄉(xiang)鎮醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)、村(cun)(cun)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培(pei)訓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)20名,深入基層指導工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)9次(ci),培(pei)訓人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)300余人(ren)(ren)(ren)次(ci),在創(chuang)建工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)龍頭(tou)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。二是以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)、鄉(xiang)鎮衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點(dian),注(zhu)重(zhong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)絡(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)開(kai)展和(he)建設(she)(she)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)、鄉(xiang)鎮衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)現(xian)(xian)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)25人(ren)(ren)(ren),做到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)定期(qi)有計(ji)劃地組織這些人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)到(dao)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)和(he)上(shang)級中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)學習、進(jin)修和(he)培(pei)訓。同(tong)時利(li)用(yong)(yong)每月鄉(xiang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)例會傳授中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)理論及防病(bing)(bing)治(zhi)病(bing)(bing)知識(shi),并定期(qi)深入到(dao)村(cun)(cun)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指導鄉(xiang)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),發(fa)揮了(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聯(lian)(lian)絡(luo)網(wang)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。三是以(yi)村(cun)(cun)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點(dian),注(zhu)重(zhong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)基層網(wang)絡(luo)的(de)建設(she)(she)。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)農村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)有衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)190個(ge)(ge),有鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)220名,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)技術(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)29人(ren)(ren)(ren)。鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均能用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)法防治(zhi)疾病(bing)(bing)。現(xian)(xian)在全(quan)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)基本上(shang)形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)”上(shang)建中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)絡(luo)。下打基礎“的(de)格局,加快了(le)(le)(le)(le)創(chuang)建工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)步伐。
(三(san))加強培(pei)訓,注重科研,推動了創建工作的進展
區(qu)(qu)(qu)政府(fu)特別重(zhong)視中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隊(dui)伍整(zheng)體素(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,特別注重(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)、學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun),提高整(zheng)體素(su)質(zhi)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來,區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)有(you)40余名中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥骨(gu)干到(dao)上級(ji)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)進修,大多(duo)數成為血(xue)(xue)栓病科(ke)(ke)(ke)等重(zhong)點科(ke)(ke)(ke)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堅力量。與(yu)(yu)遼寧中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)聯合承辦(ban)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)課程(cheng)班(ban),招收(shou)15名碩士(shi)生(sheng)。各鄉鎮衛生(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)有(you)計劃地強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)作。區(qu)(qu)(qu)衛生(sheng)局(ju)組(zu)織編(bian)寫了(le)《農村(cun)常(chang)見病中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)療(liao)手冊》、《針灸基礎知識培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)教材(cai)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥基本知識》等書(shu)籍,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)舉(ju)辦(ban)一(yi)次鄉村(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥知識培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)班(ban),累計培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)鄉村(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)近600人(ren)(ren)次,覆蓋率達98。為規范醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)文件(jian)書(shu)寫,舉(ju)辦(ban)了(le)《鄉村(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)門(men)診病歷、處方及消(xiao)毒(du)隔離、預(yu)防感染(ran)(ran)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)班(ban)》,提高了(le)鄉村(cun)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)文件(jian)書(shu)寫水平及對消(xiao)毒(du)隔離、預(yu)防感染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識程(cheng)度(du)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)以“三貼近”和“出(chu)(chu)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)、出(chu)(chu)論文、出(chu)(chu)專(zhuan)利”為原(yuan)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技興院(yuan)(yuan)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong),20__年(nian)(nian)(nian)完成了(le)國家(jia)“十五”重(zhong)點攻(gong)關課題(ti)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風病急(ji)性(xing)期綜合治(zhi)療(liao)方案研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》60例臨床觀察(cha);與(yu)(yu)遼寧中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)合作,參與(yu)(yu)完成國家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥管理(li)局(ju)課題(ti)《彭(peng)氏眼針治(zhi)療(liao)急(ji)性(xing)缺(que)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》已(yi)通(tong)過國家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥管理(li)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)課題(ti)驗收(shou)。20__年(nian)(nian)(nian)又申報(bao)了(le)國家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥管理(li)局(ju)局(ju)級(ji)課題(ti)2項(xiang),分別是(shi)(shi)《化(hua)(hua)痰(tan)解(jie)毒(du)法(fa)治(zhi)療(liao)缺(que)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風急(ji)診期的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、隨機、雙盲、安(an)慰劑(ji)平行對照(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨床研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》,《活(huo)(huo)血(xue)(xue)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)、瀉火解(jie)毒(du)法(fa)治(zhi)療(liao)腦出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)急(ji)性(xing)期作用機理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》;此外還申報(bao)省級(ji)課題(ti)2項(xiang),市級(ji)課題(ti)2項(xiang)。申請專(zhuan)利2項(xiang),《眼癢立(li)止(zhi)水》、《復(fu)方股(gu)蘭(lan)丹預(yu)防和治(zhi)療(liao)缺(que)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)腦卒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)》及實(shi)用型國家(jia)發展(zhan)(zhan)專(zhuan)利1項(xiang)。為了(le)進一(yi)步完善醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)、護理(li)繼(ji)續(xu)教育體系,先后舉(ju)辦(ban)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)、護理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)15次。20__年(nian)(nian)(nian)在區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)報(bao)告廳召開(kai)了(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)交流會,共(gong)收(shou)到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)論文30余篇(pian),通(tong)過專(zhuan)家(jia)評審,有(you)16篇(pian)論文獲(huo)獎(jiang)。促進了(le)我區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)與(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)交流。
(四(si))投入增大,政策(ce)優惠,工作扎實(shi),確(que)保(bao)了(le)創建(jian)工作的順(shun)利開展(zhan)
區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府在(zai)(zai)創建(jian)工作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong),逐年增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)資(zi)金投(tou)入(ru)(ru),先后制定(ding)了(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列向中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)傾(qing)斜的(de)(de)(de)優(you)惠政(zheng)策,確保了(le)(le)創建(jian)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)大(da)投(tou)入(ru)(ru),搞好基礎建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。在(zai)(zai)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)上,區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)完成了(le)(le)6936平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)病房(fang)(fang)樓(lou)擴建(jian)及(ji)3133平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)急診(zhen)綠(lv)色通(tong)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu),新建(jian)熱(re)水(shui)房(fang)(fang)、車庫、總(zong)務(wu)(wu)(wu)倉(cang)庫316平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),并投(tou)入(ru)(ru)使用,使醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)用房(fang)(fang)總(zong)面積(ji)達到了(le)(le)2.2萬平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)結合(he)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(區(qu)(qu)三院(yuan))3300平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)門診(zhen)大(da)樓(lou)也投(tou)入(ru)(ru)了(le)(le)使用,院(yuan)容(rong)院(yuan)貌(mao)有(you)了(le)(le)明顯改善。在(zai)(zai)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)購置上,醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)機構采取多(duo)渠道(dao)(dao)籌資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)辦法,中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)引進(jin)了(le)(le)心腦血管疾(ji)病定(ding)位(wei)診(zhen)斷、治療(liao)(liao)DSA成像系(xi)(xi)統等大(da)型醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)。現有(you)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)總(zong)值(zhi)4361萬元(yuan),萬元(yuan)以上設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)165臺,使用率(lv)為85.2。區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)結合(he)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)近300萬元(yuan)購進(jin)大(da)型設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)16臺件,使診(zhen)療(liao)(liao)技術有(you)了(le)(le)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)。醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)設(she)(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)改善,擴大(da)了(le)(le)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)能(neng),提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)科學診(zhen)治水(shui)平(ping)(ping),滿足了(le)(le)人民群眾的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)保健需求。同時也促進(jin)了(le)(le)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)系(xi)(xi)統經(jing)濟收入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)穩步(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),20__年各(ge)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)單位(wei)業務(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)收入(ru)(ru)(不含財(cai)政(zheng)撥款)1億8千萬元(yuan)。比上年增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)3千多(duo)萬元(yuan),增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)21.2。固定(ding)資(zi)產(chan)總(zong)值(zhi)近2億元(yuan),新增(zeng)(zeng)1千多(duo)萬元(yuan),增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.2。二是(shi)(shi)堅持(chi)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)優(you)先的(de)(de)(de)原則,制定(ding)扶(fu)持(chi)政(zheng)策。區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)府除了(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)資(zi)金投(tou)入(ru)(ru)上重(zhong)點傾(qing)斜外,還制定(ding)了(le)(le)相關政(zheng)策扶(fu)持(chi)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)事業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。開展(zhan)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)機構對口支(zhi)援農(nong)村衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)院(yuan)工作(zuo)(zuo),本著“重(zhong)點突出、合(he)理配對、定(ding)點幫(bang)扶(fu)、注(zhu)重(zhong)實效”的(de)(de)(de)原則,將五所農(nong)村衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)院(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)為重(zhong)點幫(bang)扶(fu)對象,確定(ding)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)進(jin)行定(ding)點幫(bang)扶(fu)。目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)強農(nong)村中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)專業技術人員的(de)(de)(de)培訓,提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)村衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)院(yuan)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)力和水(shui)平(ping)(ping),增(zeng)(zeng)強農(nong)村衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)院(yuan)解(jie)決農(nong)村常見病、多(duo)發病的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力和急診(zhen)急救能(neng)力。另外在(zai)(zai)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)定(ding)點醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)設(she)(she)(she)立(li),干診(zhen)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)費報(bao)銷等方(fang)面,給予中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)與綜合(he)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)同等待遇,促進(jin)了(le)(le)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)事業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。
二、存在問題
區(qu)政府在創建全(quan)國農村中醫工作先進縣(區(qu))工作中,做了(le)大(da)量的,富有成效的工作,加大(da)了(le)領導(dao)力度,健全(quan)了(le)組織機(ji)構,加強了(le)管理,開展了(le)培訓(xun)和(he)學術活動,增加了(le)資金投(tou)入,取(qu)得了(le)很大(da)的成績。但是也(ye)存在一(yi)些需要加強和(he)改進的問題,主(zhu)要是:
(一)農村(cun)中醫服務網絡建設(she)不(bu)健全、不(bu)完善。農村(cun)中心衛生院四(si)家(jia),鄉鎮衛生院九家(jia),只有六家(jia)設(she)有中醫科,其余(yu)七家(jia)沒有中醫科,不(bu)符合創建標準和要求(qiu)。
(二)鄉鎮衛生院中(zhong)醫藥人才(cai)缺乏。一是醫院經(jing)濟效益(yi)不(bu)好留不(bu)住(zhu)人才(cai)。二是醫院缺少資金無力引進人才(cai)。
(三)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥培訓工作有差距,部分醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)“西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)化”。部分中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員學(xue)習培訓不(bu)(bu)夠,理論素養不(bu)(bu)高,技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)精,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)很好地運用中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)證診治的方法為患者服務,常(chang)常(chang)依賴“西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)”診療(liao),導致(zhi)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)。
(四(si))創建(jian)(jian)農村(cun)中(zhong)醫工作先進縣(區)的(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)明(ming)顯不(bu)足。部(bu)分鄉鎮衛生院(yuan)中(zhong)醫科室建(jian)(jian)設缺(que)乏(fa)資(zi)金(jin)(jin);醫院(yuan)硬件(jian)建(jian)(jian)設和人才(cai)引進缺(que)乏(fa)資(zi)金(jin)(jin);致使部(bu)分農村(cun)中(zhong)醫藥服務空白。
三、幾點建議
為深(shen)入貫徹落實(shi)黨(dang)的十六大精神(shen)和(he)“三個代表”重要思想,加快我區中醫藥事業的發展,滿足廣大人(ren)民群眾對中醫藥的意愿和(he)要求(qiu),提高(gao)人(ren)民群眾的健(jian)康水平(ping),促進我區經濟的全(quan)面(mian)快速發展,實(shi)現全(quan)面(mian)建設小康社會的目標(biao)。為此(ci),我們建議(yi)如下:
(一(yi)(yi)(yi))進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)提高創建全國(guo)農(nong)村中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)(zuo)先進(jin)(jin)縣(區(qu)(qu))的(de)(de)認識,加強(qiang)組織領導(dao),完(wan)善網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)建設(she)。要(yao)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)思想(xiang),加大領導(dao)力(li)(li)度,加大宣傳(chuan)力(li)(li)度,加大政(zheng)策傾斜力(li)(li)度。搞好(hao)(hao)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院中(zhong)(zhong)心網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)建設(she),充分發揮中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療、預(yu)防、保健、業(ye)務指導(dao)的(de)(de)龍頭作(zuo)(zuo)用,以帶動全區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥事業(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan);搞好(hao)(hao)城鄉(xiang)對口支(zhi)援工作(zuo)(zuo),加快(kuai)鄉(xiang)鎮衛生院中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)科(ke)建設(she),加快(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)專病(bing)(專科(ke))建設(she),開展(zhan)好(hao)(hao)縱向的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥技術合作(zuo)(zuo),以發揮中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)樞紐(niu)作(zuo)(zuo)用,達到創建全國(guo)農(nong)村中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)工作(zuo)(zuo)先進(jin)(jin)縣(區(qu)(qu))的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)和要(yao)求;搞好(hao)(hao)村衛生室的(de)(de)建設(she),以滿足農(nong)民(min)群眾(zhong)求醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)病(bing)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。
篇7
【關鍵詞(ci)】 中醫藥(yao)院校(xiao);中藥(yao);專利保護
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業是(shi)我國(guo)21世紀(ji)最具(ju)發(fa)展空間(jian)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業之一。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)院校作為培養高(gao)級人才的基地,所具(ju)有(you)的學(xue)(xue)(xue)科、信息(xi)、專家(jia)團(tuan)隊、學(xue)(xue)(xue)術環境等優勢決定了她是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術成果(guo)的發(fa)源(yuan)地,在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)體系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)扮演著重要(yao)的角色,加強其科研創(chuang)新(xin)成果(guo)的知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)意義重大。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)涵(han)蓋(gai)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)專利、商標、著作權(quan)(quan)(quan)、地理(li)標識(shi)(shi)(shi)等諸(zhu)多方(fang)面,對于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)院校而言,加強中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)護(hu)主要(yao)表現為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)科研成果(guo)的專利保(bao)護(hu)。筆者就此(ci)談談個人管見,以期與同道(dao)商榷(que)。
1 提高教師知識(shi)產權認知,促進中藥專(zhuan)利申報
中(zhong)醫藥院(yuan)校申請(qing)專利數(shu)與全國(guo)(guo)總數(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)比相(xiang)(xiang)差甚遠,而每(mei)年發表(biao)的論(lun)文數(shu)是(shi)申報(bao)專利數(shu)的15倍之多(duo)[1],這(zhe)導致大(da)量中(zhong)藥科研(yan)創新成果(guo)公之于眾(zhong)而被他國(guo)(guo)無償占有。因此(ci),提(ti)高教師(shi)在開展中(zhong)藥創新的同時強化科研(yan)成果(guo)專利保護(hu)的認知尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。
1.1 加(jia)大(da)專利(li)保護培訓力度(du),建立教師中長(chang)期培訓機(ji)制
學(xue)校領(ling)導層應加強中(zhong)藥創新(xin)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi),把(ba)普及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規納(na)入教(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)日(ri)常教(jiao)研活(huo)動中(zhong),形成(cheng)有(you)利(li)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)藥創新(xin)、促進科(ke)研成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)轉化(hua)的(de)(de)良好環境。變封閉(bi)式(shi)發展(zhan)道(dao)路(lu)為開放式(shi)發展(zhan)道(dao)路(lu),與其他法(fa)(fa)學(xue)院校、社會(hui)機構及(ji)(ji)海外聯合開展(zhan)有(you)關(guan)中(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo);成(cheng)立學(xue)習班,聘(pin)請具有(you)一定知(zhi)名度的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)權(quan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)、律師(shi)以及(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)審查員作(zuo)(zuo)為培(pei)訓講(jiang)師(shi);充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用網絡資源(yuan),參加世界(jie)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)權(quan)學(xue)院、中(zhong)國(guo)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)權(quan)培(pei)訓中(zhong)心等(deng)(deng)部門(men)的(de)(de)短期強化(hua)培(pei)訓;舉辦學(xue)術研討會(hui)、論壇,就中(zhong)藥領(ling)域具體侵(qin)權(quan)案件(jian)(jian)展(zhan)開研討,鞏固相(xiang)關(guan)中(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi);通過會(hui)展(zhan)、知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)競答等(deng)(deng)形式(shi),開展(zhan)生動活(huo)潑的(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)和知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)普及(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo);選(xuan)拔骨(gu)干教(jiao)師(shi)到相(xiang)關(guan)單位短期進修;將中(zhong)藥創新(xin)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)納(na)入新(xin)教(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)崗前(qian)培(pei)訓之中(zhong);鼓(gu)勵教(jiao)師(shi)利(li)用多(duo)方(fang)面條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),廣泛涉獵相(xiang)關(guan)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi),不斷提高保(bao)(bao)護(hu)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)抗侵(qin)權(quan)能力。在這些方(fang)面,我們可以借鑒日(ri)本高校的(de)(de)做法(fa)(fa)。自(zi)2002年(nian)開始,日(ri)本一些大學(xue)為了阻止科(ke)研成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)外流而設立知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)權(quan)制度的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)講(jiang)座,實施有(you)組織的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)產(chan)權(quan)培(pei)訓計(ji)劃(hua)[1]。
1.2 科研與專利保(bao)護相結(jie)合(he),防止中藥(yao)創新成(cheng)果流失
對教(jiao)師的(de)培(pei)養應(ying)提高到涉及(ji)中藥(yao)(yao)產業發展和參(can)與國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭的(de)認識(shi)(shi)水平來加以要求,讓抵御侵權(quan)的(de)法制意(yi)識(shi)(shi)貫穿于(yu)中藥(yao)(yao)科研創(chuang)新的(de)全過程(cheng),包括選(xuan)題、立(li)項(xiang)、研究(jiu)、開發、鑒(jian)定、、報(bao)獎、申(shen)請專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)等(deng)各個階(jie)段;對于(yu)學術(shu)帶頭人、項(xiang)目負責人、參(can)加涉外學術(shu)會議人員而言,防(fang)范意(yi)識(shi)(shi)尤其需要加強;重大(da)課題的(de)負責人應(ying)參(can)加中藥(yao)(yao)創(chuang)新成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)保(bao)護(hu)短期(qi)培(pei)訓,并(bing)接受考(kao)核,成(cheng)(cheng)績合格后持證上崗;并(bing)且,應(ying)該多方面提高教(jiao)師安全防(fang)范意(yi)識(shi)(shi)以及(ji)反滲(shen)透、反竊取能力。此外,教(jiao)師應(ying)研究(jiu)并(bing)掌握國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)間(jian)有關中藥(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)的(de)信息和動態,搞清他(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在本(ben)領域專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)體系的(de)法律狀態。對已取得國(guo)(guo)(guo)內專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)并(bing)有開發潛質的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)技術(shu)和產品申(shen)請國(guo)(guo)(guo)外專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li);國(guo)(guo)(guo)內專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)報(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)功而不申(shen)請國(guo)(guo)(guo)外專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)的(de)項(xiang)目,課題組應(ying)盡快發表(biao)文章及(ji)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)著,使(shi)已獲(huo)得專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)權(quan)的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)為共知(zhi),打造(zao)嚴謹的(de)反侵權(quan)體系。
1.3 搭建學術交流平臺,提高(gao)中藥專利(li)的科技含量
近10年(nian)來中(zhong)(zhong)藥發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)專利以產品(pin)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)為主,其(qi)次是(shi)方(fang)(fang)法發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming),而且93.8%是(shi)藥品(pin)常規(gui)生產方(fang)(fang)法[2],中(zhong)(zhong)藥新用途發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)較少(shao);在產品(pin)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong),主要為中(zhong)(zhong)藥復方(fang)(fang),而有(you)(you)效(xiao)部位、有(you)(you)效(xiao)單體甚少(shao)。見表1、表2。表1 2000-2009年(nian)我(wo)國中(zhong)(zhong)藥發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)專利類型統(tong)計(ji)表2 2000-2009年(nian)我(wo)國中(zhong)(zhong)藥產品(pin)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)專利技術(shu)統(tong)計(ji)
中(zhong)藥(yao)新用(yong)途的(de)(de)研(yan)發是(shi)治療新型疾(ji)病及替代(dai)毒(du)副作用(yong)大、價(jia)格較高藥(yao)物(wu)的(de)(de)需要,而中(zhong)藥(yao)有(you)效成分、有(you)效部(bu)位的(de)(de)研(yan)發代(dai)表(biao)了本領(ling)域(yu)較高的(de)(de)科(ke)研(yan)水平。由此可見(jian),目(mu)前國內中(zhong)藥(yao)專(zhuan)利申報水平有(you)待(dai)提(ti)升(sheng)。中(zhong)醫藥(yao)院校擁有(you)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)團隊、創新實(shi)力、學術環境(jing)等優(you)勢(shi)使(shi)其具備提(ti)升(sheng)中(zhong)藥(yao)專(zhuan)利科(ke)技含量的(de)(de)潛力。
首(shou)先,在(zai)(zai)選題(ti)立項(xiang)(xiang)階段,對于投標(biao)課題(ti)嚴(yan)格評審、精細篩(shai)選,確定安全(quan)、有效(xiao)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技含量高(gao)(gao)、市場前景廣闊(kuo)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果附(fu)加值大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課題(ti)作為(wei)攻關(guan)對象,避免低水平(ping)重(zhong)復研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian);其(qi)次,聯(lian)合(he)其(qi)他中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)院(yuan)校或醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)院(yuan)所,搭建(jian)學(xue)術交流平(ping)臺,匯集各(ge)自專(zhuan)(zhuan)長,集思(si)廣益,博(bo)采各(ge)家,合(he)力形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發優(you)(you)勢(shi)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti),完成(cheng)(cheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技含量高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)項(xiang)(xiang)目。如合(he)肥工業大學(xue)擁有高(gao)(gao)超的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物活(huo)性成(cheng)(cheng)分分離純(chun)化技術,而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國總醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)在(zai)(zai)應(ying)用(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方面優(you)(you)勢(shi)獨特,擅長藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)臨床前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)、毒理(li)(li)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu),他們聯(lian)合(he)完成(cheng)(cheng)了治療心(xin)(xin)腦血管(guan)疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“銀杏(xing)內酯β單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)注(zhu)射(she)液”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目,研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發出世界上唯(wei)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銀杏(xing)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)注(zhu)射(she)液[3]。另(ling)外(wai),在(zai)(zai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎之上促成(cheng)(cheng)優(you)(you)質(zhi)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聯(lian)盟是孵化高(gao)(gao)水平(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)選。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聯(lian)盟是指中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)企業、高(gao)(gao)校及科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)院(yuan)所以(yi)新(xin)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發為(wei)紐帶聯(lian)合(he)起來形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)契約型創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)[4-5],是通過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)項(xiang)(xiang)目和科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動,綜合(he)各(ge)個參與方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)資源(yuan)進(jin)行中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)難(nan)題(ti)攻關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)嘗試。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)院(yuan)校發揮其(qi)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、人才優(you)(you)勢(shi),利(li)(li)用(yong)企業先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗條件及科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)設備,通過建(jian)立科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)、組(zu)(zu)建(jian)以(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家組(zu)(zu)為(wei)核(he)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)團(tuan)隊(dui)、履(lv)行高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經費使(shi)用(yong)原則、嚴(yan)把項(xiang)(xiang)目過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量控制等多個環(huan)節(jie)而(er)組(zu)(zu)建(jian)以(yi)品(pin)種為(wei)重(zhong)點、項(xiang)(xiang)目為(wei)載體(ti)(ti)(ti)、合(he)同(tong)為(wei)契約的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聯(lian)盟,在(zai)(zai)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時彌(mi)補(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)院(yuan)校課題(ti)與企業需(xu)求(qiu)難(nan)以(yi)有效(xiao)對接、專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)轉化率低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷。
2 強(qiang)化(hua)知(zhi)識產(chan)權(quan)管理,提高中藥知(zhi)識產(chan)權(quan)效能
近些(xie)年來,高校(xiao)(xiao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)請量與授權量呈現上升趨勢,但二(er)者均低于全(quan)(quan)國(guo)水平,且分布(bu)相對(dui)集中在清(qing)華大學、復旦(dan)大學等重(zhong)點院校(xiao)(xiao)[1]。通過(guo)對(dui)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)23所中醫藥院校(xiao)(xiao)2007-2009年專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)報(bao)數目(mu)與科研創新的管(guan)理(li)(li)情況(見表3)分析,筆者認為(wei),中醫藥院校(xiao)(xiao)健全(quan)(quan)的知識產(chan)權管(guan)理(li)(li)機制是促成(cheng)中藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)報(bao)的重(zhong)要前提,建(jian)議設立專(zhuan)(zhuan)門的知識產(chan)權管(guan)理(li)(li)機構統管(guan)并協調校(xiao)(xiao)內專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)報(bao)工(gong)作(zuo)。
2.1 成立管理(li)機構,明確工作(zuo)職責
目(mu)(mu)前(qian),高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)設置(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要有(you)2種:掛靠模(mo)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)獨(du)立(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。前(qian)者(zhe)是指知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)屬(shu)于多個(ge)機(ji)(ji)構管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),職能行(xing)使分(fen)散(san);而后者(zhe)為獨(du)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)構,配備必(bi)要的(de)(de)設備、經費、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員,該模(mo)式(shi)(shi)又(you)分(fen)為集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)與(yu)分(fen)散(san)式(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)即知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)、轉移、許(xu)可(ke)、轉化等實行(xing)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li);分(fen)散(san)式(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是在知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)構的(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)下,部(bu)分(fen)職能授權(quan)(quan)(quan)給院、系、科(ke)研(yan)(yan)部(bu)門[1]。由表3可(ke)見,專(zhuan)(zhuan)利成(cheng)果顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)均采(cai)用知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)獨(du)立(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。優質(zhi)高(gao)效的(de)(de)獨(du)立(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)是成(cheng)立(li)(li)由相(xiang)關領導、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技術人(ren)員組成(cheng)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)保護機(ji)(ji)構,其職責包(bao)括:管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和協(xie)調(diao)(diao)全(quan)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)報(bao)工作;結合本(ben)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)實際情(qing)況,制定(ding)(ding)工作規劃及(ji)(ji)保護辦(ban)法;編輯以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利數(shu)據庫為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)信(xin)息網絡(luo),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)檢索相(xiang)關信(xin)息;建(jian)立(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)請前(qian)的(de)(de)審查與(yu)價(jia)值(zhi)評估機(ji)(ji)制,協(xie)助課(ke)題組準(zhun)備專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)報(bao)材料;深(shen)入研(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥專(zhuan)(zhuan)利戰(zhan)略;鑒定(ding)(ding)和確認本(ben)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)密級,對本(ben)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)領域及(ji)(ji)時(shi)提出安全(quan)防(fang)范建(jian)議(yi);加強本(ben)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)檔案(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度(du)及(ji)(ji)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)調(diao)(diao)查、監控和糾紛處理(li)(li)(li)制度(du)。表3 全(quan)國(guo)23所中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)2007-2009年專(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)報(bao)情(qing)況及(ji)(ji)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)構設置(zhi)(zhi)比較
2.2 設立(li)專項基金(jin),促進專利(li)申(shen)報
教育(yu)部高(gao)等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)科(ke)技統計(ji)(ji)資(zi)料(liao)顯示,高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)每(mei)年發(fa)表的(de)論文達15萬(wan)篇,而申請(qing)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)僅(jin)為(wei)1萬(wan)件左(zuo)右[2]。原因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)是(shi)申報專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)需要不(bu)菲的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)費與(yu)維持費,而多數(shu)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)在(zai)教師(shi)(shi)晉(jin)升方(fang)面對專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申報數(shu)的(de)重視(shi)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)及數(shu),因(yin)而相(xiang)當一(yi)部分(fen)教師(shi)(shi)為(wei)了晉(jin)升職(zhi)(zhi)稱,只重視(shi)而專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)意識(shi)淡薄,導致很多蘊含豐富知識(shi)產權的(de)臨床經(jing)驗、科(ke)研(yan)(yan)成果(guo)(guo)在(zai)出版物上公(gong)開發(fa)表而被無償使用(yong)(yong)。對此(ci),筆者認為(wei),中醫藥院校(xiao)(xiao)有必要根(gen)(gen)據國家法律法規,結合自身實際,制定(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)規則,在(zai)職(zhi)(zhi)稱評審(shen)、晉(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)晉(jin)級等(deng)方(fang)面,向獲得科(ke)研(yan)(yan)成果(guo)(guo)并(bing)贏得專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)教師(shi)(shi)傾斜;另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面,中醫藥院校(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)設立(li)一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)量的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)基金(jin),用(yong)(yong)于支持科(ke)研(yan)(yan)價值(zhi)較大(da)(da),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)望取得較大(da)(da)經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)的(de)中藥科(ke)研(yan)(yan)成果(guo)(guo)申報專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)。專(zhuan)(zhuan)項(xiang)基金(jin)的(de)額(e)度(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據學校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)實力和(he)教師(shi)(shi)的(de)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)力量而定(ding),并(bing)與(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)的(de)實施許可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)相(xiang)結合。在(zai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)轉化(hua)酬金(jin)分(fen)配方(fang)面,管理機構可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)教師(shi)(shi)協商,合理確定(ding)發(fa)明人與(yu)學校(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)分(fen)配比(bi)例(li),將一(yi)部分(fen)作為(wei)學校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)管理費用(yong)(yong),另(ling)一(yi)部分(fen)為(wei)院、系及發(fa)明人用(yong)(yong)于新(xin)的(de)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)。我們可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以借鑒國外高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)“固定(ding)比(bi)例(li)制”、“累計(ji)(ji)遞減(jian)(jian)制”等(deng)[6]激勵政(zheng)策;專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)審(shen)批(pi)、許可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)成功后,專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)人、系、學院可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以按照固定(ding)的(de)比(bi)例(li)分(fen)享獎勵;也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以就專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申報過(guo)程(cheng)中不(bu)同教師(shi)(shi)、機構所做貢獻的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)逐級遞減(jian)(jian)分(fen)配獎金(jin)。保(bao)(bao)證專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)的(de)申請(qing)與(yu)實施處于良(liang)性循環。
2.3 促(cu)進(jin)成果轉化,提高專利利用(yong)率
將中醫(yi)藥創(chuang)新成果轉(zhuan)化為(wei)經(jing)濟效益是體現中藥專(zhuan)利(li)(li)價值(zhi)的關鍵。知識(shi)產權(quan)管理部門(men)在(zai)(zai)做好專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申報的同時要努(nu)力(li)尋找專(zhuan)利(li)(li)轉(zhuan)讓的機源。在(zai)(zai)研發過程中堅持創(chuang)新源于(yu)市場(chang)又回歸市場(chang)的理念,構筑以市場(chang)需求為(wei)基礎的科研創(chuang)新平臺,在(zai)(zai)對市場(chang)需
水分與(yu)(yu)能態(tai)調節來說(shuo),燥可(ke)致人體水分缺(que)失,即導致攜(xie)能粒(li)子或高(gao)能態(tai)的(de)(de)“冷卻障礙(ai)”而產生熱象,為(wei)間(jian)接(jie)高(gao)能態(tai)。在(zai)(zai)干(gan)燥環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong),空氣(qi)分子極(ji)度缺(que)水,人與(yu)(yu)空氣(qi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)“滲透(tou)壓”顯著增(zeng)大(da),人體水分極(ji)易(yi)滲出、散(san)發(fa)而導致津(jin)傷。呼吸道(dao)黏(nian)膜與(yu)(yu)肺黏(nian)膜直接(jie)與(yu)(yu)外界接(jie)觸,比皮膚更(geng)易(yi)受干(gan)燥空氣(qi)影響。在(zai)(zai)秋季氣(qi)溫下降,在(zai)(zai)低溫低濕的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong),鼻黏(nian)膜的(de)(de)毛細血管(guan)收縮、血流減少(shao),鼻黏(nian)膜易(yi)發(fa)生細小皸裂,此(ci)(ci)種環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)適宜病(bing)毒的(de)(de)生存繁(fan)殖,且鼻腔局部(bu)血管(guan)收縮,分泌中(zhong)的(de)(de)免疫物(wu)質明顯減少(shao),因此(ci)(ci)極(ji)易(yi)感冒而誘發(fa)支氣(qi)管(guan)炎。此(ci)(ci)病(bing)理過(guo)程與(yu)(yu)燥易(yi)傷肺密切相關[4]。
中醫(yi)痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)學說認為(wei)(wei),痰(tan)(tan)濁阻滯可導致(zhi)(zhi)氣機阻滯、氣滯血(xue)瘀(yu)。痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)病理過程涉(she)及(ji)現代(dai)(dai)醫(yi)學多(duo)器(qi)官(guan)、多(duo)系(xi)統,由各種(zhong)致(zhi)(zhi)病因素引(yin)起神經內分泌異常、自主神經紊亂(luan)、體液(ye)代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)及(ji)物質代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)障礙,從而導致(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)產物堆(dui)積,內環境紊亂(luan),表(biao)現為(wei)(wei)痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)一系(xi)列(lie)臨床(chuang)癥狀。如痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)與脂(zhi)質代(dai)(dai)謝(xie)的(de)關系(xi),相關研究(jiu)發現,痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)患者總膽(dan)固醇(chun)、三酰甘油(you)、低(di)密度脂(zhi)蛋白(bai)膽(dan)固醇(chun)總含量明(ming)顯(xian)高于非痰(tan)(tan)濁證(zheng)(zheng)患者及(ji)正(zheng)常人(ren)。另(ling)外,痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)與血(xue)液(ye)流變(bian)學的(de)關系(xi),痰(tan)(tan)證(zheng)(zheng)患者的(de)全血(xue)黏(nian)度比、全血(xue)還原黏(nian)度明(ming)顯(xian)增高,以血(xue)液(ye)稠濃、黏(nian)滯為(wei)(wei)特點,血(xue)液(ye)循環的(de)變(bian)化主要為(wei)(wei)微循環障礙[5]。
上(shang)述研究表明,中西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)對疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)發病(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)理(li)的(de)認識具有相通性。在此基礎(chu)上(shang),中西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)方法從西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)辨病(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)辨證結(jie)(jie)合(he)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)證結(jie)(jie)合(he)分(fen)型(xing)(分(fen)期)診(zhen)斷(duan)發展(zhan)到將中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)的(de)“證”與(yu)現代醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)理(li)形態改變(bian)和生(sheng)化、病(bing)(bing)(bing)理(li)等的(de)微(wei)觀生(sheng)物指標的(de)改變(bian)聯(lian)系起來(lai),其內涵就是將中西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)在病(bing)(bing)(bing)因病(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(理(li))發展(zhan)的(de)密切相關性聯(lian)系起來(lai)的(de)中西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)方法,同時引導臨床中西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)思路的(de)形成,進行宏(hong)觀與(yu)微(wei)觀結(jie)(jie)合(he)認識疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)。
例如,脾(pi)氣(qi)(qi)虛證患(huan)者多有肢體倦怠、神(shen)疲乏力等癥狀(zhuang),同時血乳(ru)酸(suan)含(han)量增高、血清乳(ru)酸(suan)脫氫酶(mei)活性下(xia)降、乳(ru)酸(suan)代謝異常是脾(pi)氣(qi)(qi)虛證的病理指(zhi)標之一(yi)。脾(pi)氣(qi)(qi)虛證患(huan)者胃(wei)黏膜(mo)環磷酸(suan)腺苷、超氧化物(wu)歧化酶(mei)、鋅、銅(tong)(tong)及線粒體鋅、銅(tong)(tong)含(han)量較正常人(ren)為低[6]。再如,心(xin)血瘀阻證除有心(xin)悸胸悶(men)、心(xin)痛(tong)時作、唇甲青(qing)紫、舌質紫黯瘀斑的癥狀(zhuang)體征表現外,患(huan)者血液流變學(xue)指(zhi)標及血栓素(su)A2、前列環素(su)及兩者比(bi)值升高為此(ci)證的辨證參(can)考微觀(guan)指(zhi)標[7]。
3 優勢(shi)互補的(de)中西醫結合治療
中西(xi)醫(yi)結合診斷(duan)思(si)路與方(fang)法是進(jin)行(xing)中西(xi)醫(yi)結合治療(liao)的前提(ti)和(he)基(ji)礎,同時對如何(he)進(jin)行(xing)優勢互補的中西(xi)醫(yi)結合治療(liao)發揮著重要(yao)的指導(dao)作(zuo)用。
中(zhong)西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)中(zhong)相通的(de)(de)生理(li)運動(dong)、病理(li)變(bian)化規律是中(zhong)西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)合的(de)(de)基礎點,并據此(ci)形成將中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)“證”與現代醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)病理(li)形態改(gai)變(bian)和生化、病理(li)等(deng)的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)觀(guan)(guan)生物指標的(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)聯系起(qi)來,進行宏觀(guan)(guan)辨(bian)證與微(wei)(wei)觀(guan)(guan)辨(bian)證結(jie)合、功能(neng)辨(bian)證與形態辨(bian)證結(jie)合的(de)(de)中(zhong)西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)合診斷方法,進一(yi)步指導綜(zong)合運用(yong)2種醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue),發(fa)揮優于(yu)單用(yong)西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)或單用(yong)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治療的(de)(de)優勢(shi)。
例(li)如,慢(man)性(xing)胃(wei)(wei)炎(yan)是反復發(fa)作性(xing)病(bing)變(bian),西醫多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)對(dui)癥治療(liao),不(bu)能(neng)全部改(gai)善臨床癥狀(zhuang)和病(bing)理變(bian)化(hua),且多(duo)反復,常難根治。中(zhong)醫和西醫在(zai)對(dui)慢(man)性(xing)胃(wei)(wei)炎(yan)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)因(yin)病(bing)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)相通或在(zai)病(bing)機(ji)病(bing)理上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)性(xing)。慢(man)性(xing)胃(wei)(wei)炎(yan)中(zhong)醫肝(gan)胃(wei)(wei)不(bu)和、肝(gan)氣郁(yu)結犯胃(wei)(wei)證與(yu)西醫自(zi)主神經功(gong)(gong)能(neng)失調(diao)和幽(you)門(men)括(kuo)約肌(ji)舒縮(suo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)障礙(ai)引起膽(dan)汁(zhi)反流(liu)所致的(de)(de)(de)胃(wei)(wei)腸(chang)(chang)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)紊亂(luan)的(de)(de)(de)表現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致性(xing),病(bing)機(ji)病(bing)理相關(guan)(guan),疏(shu)肝(gan)理氣、和胃(wei)(wei)降(jiang)逆、健脾益氣的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)藥(yao)可(ke)以調(diao)節(jie)(jie)自(zi)主神經功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、調(diao)節(jie)(jie)幽(you)門(men)括(kuo)約肌(ji)的(de)(de)(de)舒縮(suo)、調(diao)節(jie)(jie)胃(wei)(wei)腸(chang)(chang)蠕動(dong),從而調(diao)節(jie)(jie)膽(dan)汁(zhi)排泄、減(jian)輕膽(dan)汁(zhi)反流(liu)、緩解(jie)黏(nian)膜(mo)下血管痙攣和改(gai)善胃(wei)(wei)腸(chang)(chang)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)障礙(ai)。小柴胡(hu)湯、四(si)逆散可(ke)明顯抑制反流(liu)性(xing)胃(wei)(wei)炎(yan)的(de)(de)(de)胃(wei)(wei)黏(nian)膜(mo)水腫、充血、瘀血等病(bing)變(bian),減(jian)輕胃(wei)(wei)細胞浸潤及腺體增生性(xing)改(gai)變(bian)。陳(chen)皮、青皮、枳實、枳殼、木香(xiang)、烏藥(yao)等配(pei)伍使用(yong)時對(dui)胃(wei)(wei)腸(chang)(chang)平滑肌(ji)及腸(chang)(chang)管的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)節(jie)(jie)律(lv)有(you)(you)(you)抑制和興奮的(de)(de)(de)雙向作用(yong),松弛奧狄括(kuo)約肌(ji)、降(jiang)低膽(dan)囊壓力、促進消化(hua)液和膽(dan)汁(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)分泌(mi),抗潰(kui)瘍等綜(zong)合作用(yong)[8]。
慢性胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)炎胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)腸功(gong)能(neng)減弱(ruo)、胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黏膜(mo)(mo)萎縮、胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黏膜(mo)(mo)屏障功(gong)能(neng)降(jiang)低(di)、腸腺化(hua)生(sheng)或炎癥損傷,進一步可(ke)使泌酸(suan)功(gong)能(neng)減低(di),胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酸(suan)缺乏或消(xiao)失(shi),甚至發(fa)生(sheng)癌(ai)變。此病理(機(ji))過程與中醫的脾(pi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虛(xu)弱(ruo)證的病機(ji)(理)相關。中醫溫補法常用的四君子(zi)湯、黃芪建中湯、補中益(yi)氣湯能(neng)調(diao)節胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泌素的分泌和(he)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蛋白(bai)酶活力水平,增強胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黏膜(mo)(mo)的修復再生(sheng)能(neng)力和(he)屏障作用。清補法的酸(suan)甘(gan)化(hua)陰以芍藥甘(gan)草湯為主,對(dui)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黏膜(mo)(mo)有修復作用,白(bai)芍、烏梅可(ke)促進泌酸(suan)功(gong)能(neng),提(ti)高(gao)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)液(ye)酸(suan)度;甘(gan)寒生(sheng)津(jin)以養(yang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)湯為主,沙參、麥冬、枸杞子(zi)、玉竹、石(shi)斛等能(neng)增加胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酸(suan)[8-9]。
其他如腎病(bing)(bing)綜(zong)合征、系統性(xing)(xing)紅(hong)斑狼瘡、類風濕性(xing)(xing)關節炎(yan)、過(guo)敏(min)性(xing)(xing)紫癜等疾病(bing)(bing),西醫需要長期大量服用(yong)糖皮質激素(su)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao),但同時(shi)帶來許多不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)。若運用(yong)中(zhong)西醫結合診斷方法,探討此類疾病(bing)(bing)在中(zhong)西醫學病(bing)(bing)機病(bing)(bing)理中(zhong)的相(xiang)通性(xing)(xing),進一步(bu)結合在激素(su)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的中(zhong)西醫病(bing)(bing)理變化及兩者之間(jian)的相(xiang)通性(xing)(xing),進行中(zhong)西醫結合治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao),調整陰(yin)陽的偏盛偏衰及陰(yin)陽失調的大幅度變化,可(ke)大大減少或(huo)減輕單(dan)用(yong)激素(su)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)的不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying),同時(shi)能提高治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)效果(guo)。
4 結語
通過綜合(he)(he)運(yun)用現(xian)代科學研究方(fang)法,探索(suo)中(zhong)西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學相(xiang)(xiang)通的(de)(de)生理(li)病(bing)理(li)機制和規律,進而運(yun)用此相(xiang)(xiang)通的(de)(de)規律認識2種(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學在病(bing)因(yin)病(bing)機病(bing)理(li)上(shang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)通及相(xiang)(xiang)關性——建立(li)中(zhong)西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)合(he)(he)診斷思路和方(fang)法,在中(zhong)西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)合(he)(he)診斷的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),根據中(zhong)西藥(yao)的(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)藥(yao)理(li)作用,進行取(qu)長補(bu)短(duan)、優勢互補(bu)的(de)(de)中(zhong)西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)結(jie)合(he)(he)治療(liao),是現(xian)代醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學的(de)(de)創新,也(ye)是引領中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學、西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學及各民族(zu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學新時(shi)代創新發展的(de)(de)方(fang)向。
參考文獻
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[3] 季鐘樸.現代中醫(yi)生理學(xue)基礎[M].北京(jing):學(xue)苑出版社,1991:88.
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篇8
王(wang)羲明出(chu)身于(yu)商人家庭。父親多病(bing),但以(yi)一年十擔(dan)米(mi)的(de)代(dai)價供養兒子學中(zhong)醫(yi)。1945年他就學于(yu)上海中(zhong)醫(yi)學院―上海中(zhong)醫(yi)專(zhuan)科學校。因(yin)(yin)為當局的(de)取(qu)締(di)中(zhong)醫(yi)教(jiao)育,因(yin)(yin)此考取(qu)時(shi)是進(jin)大學,畢業時(shi)卻成(cheng)了中(zhong)專(zhuan)學歷,成(cheng)為末(mo)代(dai)的(de)中(zhong)醫(yi)。幸遇孟河(he)丁濟(ji)萬、吳江黃文東、鎮(zhen)江章次(ci)公等名(ming)中(zhong)醫(yi)得以(yi)完成(cheng)中(zhong)醫(yi)學業。
他(ta)是上海中醫醫院中醫腫瘤(liu)科(ke)的開創人,從建立科(ke)室(shi)開始,引進人才,購置化驗設備,建立中心(xin)檢驗室(shi),充實超聲波、腦電圖(tu)、心(xin)電圖(tu)設備,增添(tian)胃鏡,以及(ji)CT等(deng)。
王羲明(ming)教(jiao)授(shou)大腦門,梳大背頭,歇頂,戴深度近視眼鏡,一(yi)副勤勉睿智(zhi)的模樣。滿面紅光(guang),氣色(se)頗佳,動(dong)作敏捷,一(yi)點也(ye)看不出(chu)年及耄耋。雖(sui)然曾動(dong)過腸癌手術,但他(ta)的生活態度,非常樂觀陽光(guang),健談,高論滔滔,有問必答,間歇中,樂呵呵地充滿笑聲。
明(ming)知山有虎,偏向(xiang)虎山行。王(wang)羲明(ming)患過腫瘤,卻愿意終生(sheng)當一名中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)腫瘤專科醫(yi)(yi)生(sheng),可見他的膽識非凡。2002年王(wang)老(lao)患橫結(jie)腸腺癌,在仁濟醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)動(dong)手術(shu)(shu),請市第六人民(min)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)林超鴻(hong)主(zhu)任主(zhu)的刀。由于發現早(zao),手術(shu)(shu)切除及時(shi),所(suo)以恢復快,加上(shang)自病自療(liao),所(suo)以至(zhi)今八年,十分(fen)健康。自身體驗也進(jin)一步說明(ming)一向(xiang)以來(lai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥治療(liao)腫瘤是成功的。
從2002年腫(zhong)瘤手術治療以來,他(ta)一直(zhi)健(jian)康地(di)生(sheng)活和工(gong)作,說明王老的養生(sheng)經(jing)驗具有(you)特殊的意義。他(ta)的養生(sheng)經(jing)驗是:
1、重點在(zai)精神(shen)養生。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)善于(yu)情(qing)緒(xu)調節。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的精神(shen)和情(qing)緒(xu)一(yi)直保(bao)持樂觀(guan)、飽滿。與(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接(jie)觸一(yi)來,從(cong)來沒見(jian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)情(qing)緒(xu)低落(luo)。尤其是(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)有事業(ye)心,對中醫(yi)事業(ye)滿腔熱情(qing),自從(cong)退休后,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)沒有一(yi)天是(shi)在(zai)家里真(zhen)正養老(lao)的。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)樂于(yu)交友,忘情(qing)工作。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)作為常(chang)(chang)州孟(meng)河學(xue)(xue)派傳(chuan)承學(xue)(xue)會常(chang)(chang)務理事,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的同道經(jing)常(chang)(chang)往返于(yu)滬(hu)常(chang)(chang)途中,不僅(jin)為傳(chuan)承學(xue)(xue)會帶教門人弟子,還在(zai)上(shang)海浦(pu)東新區廣德等(deng)中醫(yi)門診部開設(she)門診。
2、“位卑不(bu)敢忘憂國(guo)(guo)”。他還懷著滿腔的(de)(de)(de)愛國(guo)(guo)憂民之(zhi)情(qing)。今年夏季,為了中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)業的(de)(de)(de)發展,他與其他三(san)位老(lao)(lao)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(黃吉賡、程家正、劉崇(chong)晏(yan))聯合(he)署(shu)名呼(hu)吁在地方上(shang)也建立與中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥科學(xue)(xue)(xue)院相應的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)院,評(ping)選出地方級院士。要(yao)求將院士評(ping)選的(de)(de)(de)標準,最高年齡(ling)年限,由75歲放寬到(dao)80歲左右,充分(fen)利用那些熱愛中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)業、學(xue)(xue)(xue)術上(shang)有建樹、事(shi)業有成就、又(you)精力(li)充沛的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)繼續為中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)業奉獻余熱。他建議(yi)把老(lao)(lao)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)科研成果集中(zhong)于科學(xue)(xue)(xue)院,加以發揚光大。言(yan)下之(zhi)意,他們這批人猶(you)懷著拳(quan)拳(quan)的(de)(de)(de)報國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)心,愿意將畢(bi)生的(de)(de)(de)心血(xue)都用在中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥事(shi)業上(shang)。他們還建議(yi),中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥大學(xue)(xue)(xue)要(yao)把繼承老(lao)(lao)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)經驗作為重點,一定要(yao)把老(lao)(lao)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)經驗傳授給(gei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生。
3、勤于(yu)動腦(nao),勤于(yu)著述,腦(nao)敏(min)不(bu)衰,筆耕(geng)不(bu)輟。已發表《中醫治療疑難(nan)雜(za)病(bing)秘要》等專著10余(yu)部及(ji)論文百(bai)余(yu)篇共(gong)百(bai)萬余(yu)字,雖至(zhi)80余(yu)歲,至(zhi)今(jin)猶有文章發表在專業(ye)期刊。2008年(nian)發表《春(chun)華秋實五(wu)十載――記全國(guo)首屆(jie)中醫藥專門(men)研究人員班(ban)的誕生暨艱苦創業(ye)歷程》。
4、 養生(sheng)宜多接觸大(da)自然(ran)。他(ta)(ta)提倡有(you)氧活(huo)動,多呼(hu)吸自然(ran)空氣。多旅游(you)是接觸自然(ran)的最(zui)(zui)佳方式。他(ta)(ta)每年參加旅游(you)團出去旅游(you)一二次。長(chang)期在(zai)北(bei)京(jing)學習5年、工作生(sheng)活(huo)5年,嚴格說起來北(bei)京(jing)是第二故鄉,北(bei)京(jing)的主要地(di)方他(ta)(ta)都(dou)去過(guo),最(zui)(zui)有(you)體會的是頤和園、八達(da)嶺。西(xi)南(nan)到過(guo)云南(nan)西(xi)雙版納,南(nan)到廣東,西(xi)邊(bian)到過(guo)四川(chuan)重慶、成都(dou),東南(nan)沿海到過(guo)福建(jian)福州(zhou)。2002年動手術之(zhi)后自覺體力(li)精力(li)不(bu)濟(ji)就(jiu)很少出去。因為(wei)腫瘤生(sheng)長(chang)、發展與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)有(you)密切關系(xi),因此環(huan)境(jing)污染、空氣污染的地(di)方要少去。這也說明,選擇(ze)任何運動都(dou)必須理智(zhi),量力(li)而行,不(bu)可不(bu)顧自身條件為(wei)所欲為(wei)。
5、飲食(shi)衛生。注意不(bu)吃發霉(mei)(mei)物和致(zhi)癌物質(zhi),提倡(chang)多吃新鮮蔬(shu)菜,時令蔬(shu)菜,葷素搭配,盡(jin)力避免(mian)致(zhi)癌物質(zhi),如含有亞硝胺(an)、黃曲(qu)霉(mei)(mei)素的(de)腌制品食(shi)物。黃曲(qu)霉(mei)(mei)素易于致(zhi)肝癌,存留于花生和玉米夾(jia)層。他(ta)(ta)所認識(shi)的(de)某(mou)醫生以及他(ta)(ta)的(de)家屬(shu)中(zhong)多人都(dou)患肝癌,與他(ta)(ta)們共同(tong)(tong)的(de)生活習慣(guan)(guan),相同(tong)(tong)的(de)飲食(shi)習慣(guan)(guan)不(bu)無(wu)關系。亞硝胺(an)在腌制品火腿(tui)以及肉(rou)制品中(zhong)較多,為了防(fang)微杜漸(jian),也應該少沾(zhan)。現在他(ta)(ta)連咸肉(rou)也不(bu)吃,只吃鮮肉(rou)。鮮肉(rou)中(zhong)只肉(rou)不(bu)吃油脂。
篇9
1 醫學(xue)論文的特點
醫(yi)學學術(shu)論(lun)文(wen)是論(lun)證(zheng)性(xing)文(wen)章,要求有鮮明的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)點(dian)、充(chong)分的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)據(ju)、正確的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)證(zheng)方法,論(lun)點(dian)、論(lun)據(ju)和(he)論(lun)證(zheng)是其三大要素。科學性(xing)、創新性(xing)、學術(shu)性(xing)、規范(fan)性(xing)、可讀性(xing)是醫(yi)學論(lun)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。
1.1 科學性
醫學論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)力在于它(ta)的(de)科(ke)(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)。所謂“科(ke)(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)”,表現在真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、全(quan)面(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)邏輯性(xing)(xing)(xing)3個方(fang)面(mian)。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)從選(xuan)題、設計、觀察(cha)研究到推理(li)和(he)結論(lun)(lun),每一步都(dou)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)嚴肅的(de)態度(du)、嚴格的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)和(he)嚴密的(de)方(fang)法(fa);選(xuan)題要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)足(zu)夠的(de)科(ke)(ke)學依據,設計要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)充分的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可(ke)比性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)隨機性(xing)(xing)(xing),觀察(cha)研究要(yao)(yao)真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)、準確和(he)全(quan)面(mian);要(yao)(yao)強(qiang)調推理(li)的(de)邏輯性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)結論(lun)(lun)的(de)嚴謹性(xing)(xing)(xing)。沒有(you)(you)科(ke)(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)“論(lun)(lun)文(wen)(wen)”不但毫無價值,而且(qie)還可(ke)能把>,!
1.2 創新性
醫學論文的(de)(de)靈魂在于它的(de)(de)創新(xin)性。所謂(wei)“創新(xin)”是指前人沒(mei)有(you)做過或沒(mei)有(you)發表過的(de)(de)科研(yan)成果,是指從新(xin)的(de)(de)角度闡明(ming)新(xin)的(de)(de)問題,如在基(ji)礎(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)方面,有(you)新(xin)發現、新(xin)觀點;在臨床研(yan)究(jiu)方面,觀察更深,診斷方法有(you)創新(xin),治療效(xiao)果更好,或古(gu)方新(xin)用(yong),提出新(xin)見解等(deng)。
1.3 學術性
學術性主(zhu)要表(biao)現在專(zhuan)業性上(shang),醫學是(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業性很(hen)強的(de)知識,應區(qu)別于科普性的(de)一般知識。同(tong)時,醫學又是(shi)(shi)一門應用(yong)科學,指(zhi)導作用(yong)越(yue)強,越(yue)受讀者的(de)歡(huan)迎。
1.4 規范性
規范(fan)性是醫學論文(wen)在表現(xian)形(xing)式上的(de)重要特點,是要求論文(wen)的(de)書(shu)寫形(xing)式符合(he)約定俗成的(de)相對固定的(de)程(cheng)式。這種規范(fan)化的(de)程(cheng)式,是無數(shu)科學家寫作(zuo)經驗的(de)科學總結,具有很(hen)強的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)力。
1.5 可讀性
要求文(wen)字表(biao)達準確、簡練、通(tong)順,使讀(du)者(zhe)以(yi)最(zui)(zui)少(shao)的(de)精(jing)力獲得(de)最(zui)(zui)多的(de)知識和信息。此外,可(ke)讀(du)性還包含這(zhe)樣兩層意(yi)思:一是(shi)讓讀(du)者(zhe)看得(de)懂(dong),即對該專業(ye)(ye)內學(xue)者(zhe)來(lai)說它(ta)是(shi)易讀(du)的(de),對非專業(ye)(ye)讀(du)者(zhe)來(lai)說它(ta)是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)理解的(de),切(qie)忌模糊晦澀;二(er)是(shi)讓讀(du)者(zhe)樂意(yi)看,有一定的(de)生(sheng)動性,切(qie)忌干癟乏(fa)味。
2 醫學論文寫(xie)作格式與(yu)特點
根據(ju)文章的學術(shu)內容,結(jie)合論文的表(biao)現形(xing)式可分為理論研究、學術(shu)爭鳴、實驗報告、調查報告、臨床報道、經驗總(zong)結(jie)、醫案醫話、病例討論、專家評(ping)述、文獻綜述等,也是目前中醫學期刊(kan)通常(chang)采用的以欄(lan)目名稱(cheng)標(biao)示的體裁形(xing)式。
雖然(ran)體裁及表現(xian)形式不(bu)一,其內(nei)容(rong)大體包(bao)括題目(mu)、摘要與(yu)關鍵詞、前言、材料與(yu)方(fang)法、結果(guo)、討論(lun)(lun)與(yu)結論(lun)(lun)、參(can)考(kao)文(wen)獻(xian)。
2.1 題目
醫(yi)學(xue)論文(wen)(wen)的(de)題(ti)目又(you)稱標題(ti)、文(wen)(wen)題(ti),是(shi)對論文(wen)(wen)主要(yao)內(nei)容(rong)和中心思想的(de)高(gao)度概(gai)括(kuo),也是(shi)論文(wen)(wen)的(de)總綱。論文(wen)(wen)中通常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)缺陷:①寫一個很大的(de)題(ti)目,其具(ju)體內(nei)容(rong)卻沒(mei)有那么多(duo)信息,從而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)文(wen)(wen)、題(ti)不符,或華(hua)而(er)不實。②冗長繁(fan)瑣,題(ti)目中對特定內(nei)容(rong)描述過多(duo),造(zao)成(cheng)題(ti)目過長。③題(ti)目不易認(ren)(ren)讀,題(ti)目中使用(yong)非(fei)公(gong)知公(gong)認(ren)(ren)的(de)縮略(lve)詞(ci)或字符代號,造(zao)成(cheng)閱(yue)讀困(kun)難(nan)。
2.2 摘(zhai)要與關鍵詞
研究(jiu)類文章(zhang)應(ying)有(you)(you)摘要,國內外公開發行的(de)(de)期刊(kan)還(huan)應(ying)有(you)(you)英文摘要。摘要是對(dui)論文內容的(de)(de)高(gao)度概括而不(bu)加(jia)注釋和評論的(de)(de)簡短陳(chen)述,應(ying)具有(you)(you)獨立性,即不(bu)閱讀全(quan)文就能獲得必要的(de)(de)信息;應(ying)著重反映研究(jiu)中的(de)(de)創新內容和作者的(de)(de)獨到觀點(dian)。
一般臨床研(yan)究(jiu)類(lei)文(wen)章的(de)(de)(de)摘(zhai)(zhai)要采用報(bao)道性摘(zhai)(zhai)要,通常(chang)以(yi)結(jie)(jie)構式形式表達,內(nei)容(rong)包括研(yan)究(jiu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)、方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、結(jie)(jie)果、結(jie)(jie)論(lun)(lun)。目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de):應闡明研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)設想,說明要達到的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de),避免與題目(mu)(mu)(mu)重(zhong)復;方(fang)法(fa)(fa):將分(fen)組方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、每組的(de)(de)(de)干預措施以(yi)及檢(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)和(he)(he)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)簡單介紹清楚;結(jie)(jie)果:將研(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)(jie)果客觀地(di)列出(chu)(chu),不(bu)(bu)加(jia)評(ping)論(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)分(fen)析,不(bu)(bu)列圖、表;結(jie)(jie)論(lun)(lun):根據本研(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)(jie)果作出(chu)(chu)結(jie)(jie)論(lun)(lun),不(bu)(bu)加(jia)評(ping)論(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)推測。篇幅以(yi)200~300字為(wei)宜。綜述和(he)(he)非研(yan)究(jiu)類(lei)文(wen)章的(de)(de)(de)摘(zhai)(zhai)要應該(gai)(gai)寫指(zhi)示性摘(zhai)(zhai)要,將該(gai)(gai)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)主要核心(xin)內(nei)容(rong)介紹出(chu)(chu)來即可,目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是讓讀者對(dui)該(gai)(gai)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)主要內(nei)容(rong)有(you)一個(ge)概括的(de)(de)(de)了(le)解。
關(guan)(guan)鍵詞(ci)(ci)是(shi)為了滿足文(wen)(wen)獻檢索的(de)需要從報告、論文(wen)(wen)中選(xuan)取出來的(de)用(yong)以表示(shi)全文(wen)(wen)主題內(nei)容的(de)單詞(ci)(ci)或術語,主要作用(yong)是(shi)鮮明而(er)直觀地表達該論文(wen)(wen)的(de)主題內(nei)容,并有助于查閱、檢索。關(guan)(guan)鍵詞(ci)(ci)一(yi)般要求3~8個(ge),應特別注意(yi)第一(yi)個(ge)關(guan)(guan)鍵詞(ci)(ci)的(de)選(xuan)用(yong),該詞(ci)(ci)應反映(ying)全文(wen)(wen)最主要的(de)內(nei)容。關(guan)(guan)鍵詞(ci)(ci)使用(yong)不當中最常見的(de)問(wen)題是(shi)作者為了使關(guan)(guan)鍵詞(ci)(ci)盡(jin)可(ke)能準確(que)地表達論文(wen)(wen)某一(yi)確(que)切的(de)含義而(er)將其寫(xie)全、寫(xie)完整,進而(er)寫(xie)成一(yi)個(ge)詞(ci)(ci)組或短語。
2.3 前言
前言(yan)又稱(cheng)引言(yan)、導(dao)言(yan)、緒(xu)言(yan)和導(dao)語,是(shi)論文開頭部分的(de)一(yi)段(duan)短文,是(shi)文章的(de)引子(zi)。主要概述(shu)研究的(de)背景(jing)、目(mu)的(de)、研究思路(lu)、理論依據、研究方法(fa)等。一(yi)般不超過250個漢字(zi)。其作用在于(yu)使讀者對論文先有(you)一(yi)個總體(ti)了(le)解。
在(zai)前(qian)言中(zhong)常見的(de)缺陷是:①過(guo)于簡(jian)單(dan),未對該項目目前(qian)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)現狀、自(zi)己研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)思路以及通(tong)過(guo)此(ci)研(yan)究(jiu)要(yao)達到什么(me)目的(de)進行介紹。這樣的(de)前(qian)言一(yi)般不(bu)會引(yin)起(qi)讀者閱讀的(de)興趣,也顯得文章(zhang)淺顯,大大降低了(le)文章(zhang)的(de)分量。②冗長繁雜(za),在(zai)前(qian)言中(zhong)過(guo)多地回(hui)顧(gu)歷(li)史,而且,每段回(hui)顧(gu)均要(yao)加引(yin)好幾篇文獻,把前(qian)言寫(xie)成(cheng)了(le)小綜述。③不(bu)切(qie)實際的(de)自(zi)我(wo)評價,把自(zi)己研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)結果(guo)意(yi)(yi)義任意(yi)(yi)夸大,常用“首(shou)次報道(dao)”、“首(shou)創”、“第一(yi)”等詞(ci)。
2.4 材(cai)料與方法
這部分是別人能夠重(zhong)復實(shi)驗的重(zhong)要依(yi)據,其敘述(shu)應以他人可以重(zhong)復實(shi)驗為度。
觀察(cha)對(dui)象為患者(zhe),需注(zhu)明病例(li)和對(dui)照者(zhe)來源、選(xuan)擇標準、一般(ban)情(qing)況、分組方(fang)法及觀察(cha)組和對(dui)照組一般(ban)資料比較等。臨(lin)床(chuang)試(shi)驗(yan)研(yan)究還應說(shuo)明試(shi)驗(yan)程序是否經所在單位或地區(qu)倫理學相關機(ji)構的批(pi)準,研(yan)究對(dui)象是否知情(qing)同(tong)意并簽署知情(qing)同(tong)意書。
研究對象為實驗動物(wu),需注(zhu)明動物(wu)的名稱
、種系、等級(ji)、動物許可(ke)證號、數量、來(lai)源、性別(bie)、年齡、體(ti)重、飼(si)養條件等。藥(yao)品(pin)及化(hua)學(xue)試劑(ji)使用通(tong)用名稱,并注(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)劑(ji)量和(he)單(dan)位。儀器、設備應(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)名稱、型號、規格、生(sheng)產單(dan)位、精(jing)密度或誤(wu)差范圍。無(wu)須(xu)描(miao)述工作(zuo)原(yuan)理。 在方(fang)法中,應(ying)詳(xiang)述創新的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法及改良方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)改進之處,以供他(ta)(ta)人重復。采用他(ta)(ta)人方(fang)法,應(ying)以引用文獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式給出方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)出處,無(wu)須(xu)詳(xiang)細描(miao)述。注(zhu)(zhu)意要將各組所采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)干預(yu)方(fang)法分(fen)別(bie)介紹,不能(neng)只介紹觀(guan)察組的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法,其他(ta)(ta)組不介紹或輕描(miao)淡寫地說(shuo)幾句。同(tong)時(shi)說(shuo)明(ming)療程和(he)觀(guan)察時(shi)間(jian)。對每一種新方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)價值、危險、不適及效果(guo),須(xu)與現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳診(zhen)療方(fang)法做(zuo)比較。
篇10
以(yi)“醫藥(yao)(yao)結合、系統中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)、實踐(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)”的培(pei)(pei)育理(li)念(nian),依(yi)托國家(jia)唯一的中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)基礎(chu)(chu)研(yan)究與教學(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)基地(di)—中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)基礎(chu)(chu)基地(di)和國家(jia)基礎(chu)(chu)科學(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)基金(jin)項目(mu)“中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)基礎(chu)(chu)基地(di)科研(yan)訓練(lian)及(ji)科研(yan)能(neng)力(li)提高(gao)”項目(mu),匯集優(you)勢平臺資源,創(chuang)(chuang)建中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)本(ben)科生(sheng)科研(yan)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)及(ji)實踐(jian)能(neng)力(li)自(zi)主培(pei)(pei)育模式,組建本(ben)科生(sheng)科研(yan)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)協(xie)會,舉辦本(ben)科生(sheng)科研(yan)學(xue)(xue)術(shu)節、出(chu)版學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)自(zi)主科研(yan)期刊。全方位、多層次激發學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)主動性(xing),倡導自(zi)我教育、自(zi)我管理(li)、自(zi)我服務,培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)科基礎(chu)(chu)扎(zha)實、綜合素質高(gao)、創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li)強的科研(yan)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)(ren)才,形成(cheng)積極向上的學(xue)(xue)術(shu)氛圍。
[關鍵詞]
中藥學(xue);本(ben)科教育;實踐創新;人才培(pei)養
成都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)最早建立的四(si)所中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),培(pei)養(yang)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)、第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)碩士(shi)、第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)博士(shi),接納第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)博士(shi)后,奠基(ji)現代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)。秉承(cheng)全國(guo)(guo)著名中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)凌一(yi)(yi)(yi)揆教授“品、質(zhi)、性、效、用”系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)思想,依(yi)托中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統研究(jiu)與開發(fa)利用省部(bu)共建國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)實(shi)驗室培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)實(shi)驗教學(xue)(xue)(xue)示范(fan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技部(bu)創新(xin)(xin)人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養(yang)示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)部(bu)實(shi)踐育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)創新(xin)(xin)創業基(ji)地(di)等(deng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)教平臺,以國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)的基(ji)礎研究(jiu)與教學(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養(yang)基(ji)地(di)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)礎基(ji)地(di)為(wei)主(zhu)體,構建中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研創新(xin)(xin)及實(shi)踐能(neng)力自主(zhu)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)模(mo)式,促進(jin)基(ji)礎研究(jiu)與教育(yu)(yu)(yu)有機結(jie)合,加(jia)強(qiang)對本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)的科(ke)(ke)(ke)研訓練,提高(gao)(gao)實(shi)踐能(neng)力,激發(fa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)興趣和創新(xin)(xin)意識,為(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)研究(jiu)提供高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)的人(ren)才(cai)儲(chu)備(bei)。
1秉承(cheng)“系(xi)統中藥、醫藥結合、實(shi)踐創新”理(li)念[1],構建創新人才培養理(li)論
針對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)礎研究創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)需求(qiu),依(yi)據學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)個(ge)性特(te)點,構建科(ke)(ke)教結(jie)合、產學(xue)(xue)融合、校企合作的(de)(de)多元(yuan)化人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養模(mo)式。培(pei)養具(ju)有社會主(zhu)義核心(xin)價值觀,以傳承(cheng)和(he)發揚(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)事業(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)己(ji)任,具(ju)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原創(chuang)(chuang)思(si)維(wei),具(ju)備(bei)扎實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)論(lun)(lun)知識(shi)、熟練(lian)掌握(wo)現代科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)技術和(he)方(fang)法的(de)(de)融貫(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西、德才(cai)(cai)兼備(bei)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)。“系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”思(si)想是(shi)在凌(ling)一揆教授創(chuang)(chuang)造性提(ti)出“大中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”概念(nian)下,歷經繼承(cheng)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin),逐(zhu)步形成的(de)(de)完整(zheng)理(li)論(lun)(lun)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)專業(ye)(ye)課(ke)程(cheng)設(she)置應包(bao)含中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)理(li)論(lun)(lun)與(yu)(yu)臨床應用、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)源與(yu)(yu)鑒定、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)炮(pao)制與(yu)(yu)制劑、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)與(yu)(yu)毒(du)理(li)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)化學(xue)(xue)等五個(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)系(xi)統知識(shi)。我校中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)教育之初(chu),就(jiu)逐(zhu)步開設(she)了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)》、《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用植物學(xue)(xue)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)鑒定學(xue)(xue)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)炮(pao)制學(xue)(xue)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑學(xue)(xue)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)學(xue)(xue)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)化學(xue)(xue)》(1987年改為(wei)(wei)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)化學(xue)(xue)》)等主(zhu)干(gan)課(ke)程(cheng),為(wei)(wei)建立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)奠定了基(ji)(ji)礎。“醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)合”:依(yi)據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)指在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)理(li)論(lun)(lun)指導下認(ren)識(shi)和(he)使用的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物,學(xue)(xue)院秉承(cheng)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效用為(wei)(wei)核心(xin),在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)研究為(wei)(wei)闡明(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)理(li)論(lun)(lun)提(ti)供(gong)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)依(yi)據等方(fang)面突顯醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)合,將《醫(yi)(yi)古文》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)史》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)基(ji)(ji)礎理(li)論(lun)(lun)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)診(zhen)斷學(xue)(xue)》、《方(fang)劑學(xue)(xue)》等課(ke)程(cheng)納入專業(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)礎中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。“實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)”:在強(qiang)調“早實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian),多實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)”的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang),注(zhu)重學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)動手(shou)能力(li)的(de)(de)培(pei)養。逐(zhu)步形成了以“實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)技術平臺(tai)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地”為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教學(xue)(xue)模(mo)式,優化和(he)完善中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)養的(de)(de)新(xin)模(mo)式,提(ti)升(sheng)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能力(li)。“系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結(jie)合、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)”理(li)念(nian)貫(guan)穿于我校中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)教育始終,亦成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)本(ben)(ben)科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)研創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)及實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)能力(li)自主(zhu)培(pei)育模(mo)式構建的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)石。
2以“中藥基礎基地(di)項目”為支撐,奠定(ding)本科(ke)生(sheng)科(ke)研實(shi)踐能力(li)培養基石
1996年,成都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)獲(huo)國(guo)家(jia)教育部批(pi)準,創辦全(quan)國(guo)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)國(guo)家(jia)理科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)基(ji)礎(chu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培養(yang)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)班(ban)(ban))。2012年,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)班(ban)(ban)正式(shi)更名為(wei)(wei)“凌(ling)一(yi)揆(kui)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)班(ban)(ban)”,旨在(zai)(zai)圍繞“醫藥(yao)(yao)結合(he)、系統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)、實(shi)踐創新(xin)”的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培養(yang)理念,培養(yang)全(quan)面掌(zhang)握中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)系統知識(shi)的(de)(de)專門人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。“凌(ling)一(yi)揆(kui)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)班(ban)(ban)”為(wei)(wei)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)前批(pi)次招生(sheng),每(mei)班(ban)(ban)30-60人(ren)(ren)次。班(ban)(ban)級實(shi)行(xing)“全(quan)程導師(shi)制”,導師(shi)與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)選擇匹配,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)階(jie)段即開始完成科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)實(shi)踐,確保基(ji)礎(chu)理論知識(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、基(ji)礎(chu)理化試驗操作(zuo)與創新(xin)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)融會貫通(tong)。2014年,由彭成副校長牽頭藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)申(shen)報(bao)了國(guo)家(jia)基(ji)礎(chu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)培養(yang)基(ji)金項目“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)基(ji)礎(chu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)訓(xun)練及科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)能力提(ti)高(gao)”并獲(huo)得資(zi)助,資(zi)助力度(du)400萬(wan)元,鼓勵一(yi)線(xian)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)骨干,通(tong)過科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)立項,全(quan)額(e)用于(yu)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)能力培養(yang)。按照基(ji)金委的(de)(de)要求以(yi)及項目申(shen)報(bao)書(shu)、任務書(shu)的(de)(de)計(ji)劃,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)對(dui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)訓(xun)練項目實(shi)行(xing)滾動資(zi)助,以(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)的(de)(de)六大研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)正高(gao)職(zhi)稱且承擔有(you)部省級以(yi)上課(ke)題(ti)的(de)(de)教師(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)項目為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),第一(yi)期確立了23個(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)訓(xun)練項目組(zu),第二期確立11個(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)訓(xun)練項目組(zu),每(mei)個(ge)項目資(zi)助10萬(wan)元,為(wei)(wei)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)訓(xun)練及實(shi)踐能力提(ti)升奠定(ding)基(ji)礎(chu)。
3以(yi)各(ge)級優勢平臺為助推,推進本科生科研實踐能(neng)力培養模式建設
學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)推進以(yi)(yi)(yi)“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)示范(fan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心”為訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)基(ji)礎(chu)平臺(tai),搭建(jian)(jian)了(le)“統(tong)一化、網絡式(shi)(shi)、綜(zong)合型”的(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)平臺(tai),加強理論教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)平臺(tai)與實驗(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)平臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)互通,實驗(yan)(yan)、技(ji)(ji)術與實習實訓(xun)(xun)平臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)互補。以(yi)(yi)(yi)“省部共(gong)建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)研究與開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)培育(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)地(di)(di)”為訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)平臺(tai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)“西南道地(di)(di)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材協(xie)同創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心”為訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)開(kai)放(fang)平臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,并成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功獲(huo)批教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)部“實踐育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di)(di)”和(he)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)部“創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)才培養示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)(di)”,深化“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)庫”,形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)基(ji)礎(chu)強,規格高,功能全(quan),設備新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)“學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)研訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)平臺(tai)集群”,大(da)(da)力提(ti)(ti)升中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)本科(ke)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)研訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)質(zhi)量(liang)與實效。學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)同時整合資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),依托成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)俱(ju)(ju)(ju)樂(le)部和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園,打造以(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)健康產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)要(yao)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)實踐育(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)孵化基(ji)地(di)(di)。大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)俱(ju)(ju)(ju)樂(le)部:成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)俱(ju)(ju)(ju)樂(le)部,將創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實踐相結(jie)合,以(yi)(yi)(yi)“創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)計(ji)劃大(da)(da)賽”、“創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)與創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)講堂”、“創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)沙龍”等(deng)品牌活動為載體,構建(jian)(jian)多層次、多形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)體系,營造整體創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)環境,提(ti)(ti)供(gong)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)支持(chi)。科(ke)技(ji)(ji)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園及(ji)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心:成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)園是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)健康產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)要(yao)特色(se),以(yi)(yi)(yi)“一園三(san)區”功能布局為主(zhu)體,重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)轉化研究區、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)孵化區和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區,形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)研發(fa)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、健康服務、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)商(shang)(shang)貿的(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群,打造環成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)知識經(jing)濟圈(quan)。結(jie)合大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)俱(ju)(ju)(ju)樂(le)部,全(quan)面負責大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,制定大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心管(guan)理制度和(he)年度工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作計(ji)劃。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心受理大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)入(ru)園申請,統(tong)籌規劃和(he)落實創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,聘請校內外專家(jia)(jia)、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)師、創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)士等(deng)為學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)公司提(ti)(ti)供(gong)管(guan)理、營銷、技(ji)(ji)術、法律、財務、心理、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)、稅務、信貸、風險投資(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)咨(zi)詢和(he)發(fa)展指導。
4以本科生自主(zhu)提升為主(zhu)體,深化科研創新及(ji)實踐學術氛(fen)圍
藥學(xue)院以學(xue)院為主(zhu)導,以學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)為主(zhu)體,建立包含組織機(ji)構、學(xue)術期(qi)刊、科研項目、學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)活動(dong)的(de)本科生(sheng)(sheng)自主(zhu)科研實踐能力提(ti)升模式。
4.1自主(zhu)培育機構(gou)-本科生科研創(chuang)新協會
為(wei)適應中醫藥現代化的(de)(de)(de)需要,提高學(xue)生(sheng)動手能(neng)(neng)力、自(zi)主學(xue)習能(neng)(neng)力以及知識的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合運用(yong)能(neng)(neng)力,提高本(ben)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)生(sheng)直接參與科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣。為(wei)有志(zhi)于從事(shi)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)學(xue)術(shu)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)提供一個參與科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)、師生(sheng)溝通、學(xue)術(shu)交(jiao)流的(de)(de)(de)平臺,藥學(xue)院籌建本(ben)科(ke)(ke)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)創新協會(hui)。協會(hui)由(you)凌一揆中藥學(xue)基地班學(xue)生(sheng)為(wei)主體(ti),聘請學(xue)科(ke)(ke)各方向專家作為(wei)學(xue)術(shu)指導專家。協會(hui)將作為(wei)自(zi)主培育模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)組織機(ji)構,充分(fen)發(fa)揮學(xue)生(sheng)主動性,以高年級學(xue)生(sheng)及部分(fen)研(yan)(yan)究生(sheng)為(wei)骨干(gan),擔任科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)團隊組建、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)期刊籌備、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)活(huo)動籌劃等(deng)任務。
4.2自主(zhu)培育期刊-《本草新悟》
中(zhong)藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基礎基地學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)主創辦、編(bian)制的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)《本(ben)草(cao)新(xin)(xin)悟》,距今已(yi)有三(san)年的(de)刊(kan)(kan)齡,累積發表(biao)了(le)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院本(ben)科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)研論文500余(yu)篇,以學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)交流為(wei)中(zhong)心,從不同角度探索廣袤藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)天地,用創新(xin)(xin)思維打造全新(xin)(xin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)平臺,已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)本(ben)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)交流和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果展示的(de)有效陣地,在(zai)行業內兄弟(di)院校中(zhong)備(bei)受贊譽。《本(ben)草(cao)新(xin)(xin)悟》將作(zuo)為(wei)自(zi)主培育模式的(de)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)載體,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院指導下,自(zi)主投稿、自(zi)主編(bian)纂、自(zi)主運行。目(mu)前,期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)運作(zuo)良(liang)好(hao),并呈現(xian)出投稿低年級化、普及化的(de)趨(qu)勢。
4.3自主培育活動-科(ke)研學術節
科(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術節(jie)(jie)是藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)院一年一度的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術類品(pin)(pin)牌活動。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)活動以(yi)其主(zhu)題鮮明、內容豐富(fu)、形式活潑(po)深受學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)歡迎。科(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術節(jie)(jie)通過舉辦系列學(xue)(xue)(xue)術相關(guan)活動,提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)參與(yu)率,營造濃厚科(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術氛圍。科(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術節(jie)(jie)包括(kuo)“百草園”學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術論壇,通過邀請國(guo)(guo)內外知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)專家(jia)、管理者和(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia)開展(zhan)相關(guan)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)專題講座和(he)報告(gao),如(ru)王永炎院士、劉昌孝院士、胡之璧院士等知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)專家(jia),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)藥品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)評價中(zhong)心主(zhu)任杜曉曦、四川省食(shi)品(pin)(pin)藥品(pin)(pin)監督(du)管理局注冊(ce)處處長(chang)吳銳等管理者,太(tai)極集團董事(shi)長(chang)白禮西、好醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)藥業(ye)(ye)集團董事(shi)長(chang)耿福能(neng)、廣州(zhou)奇(qi)星(xing)藥業(ye)(ye)集團董事(shi)長(chang)朱柏(bo)華等企(qi)業(ye)(ye)家(jia),以(yi)此來拓寬學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)視野(ye),使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)及時(shi)了(le)解到中(zhong)醫(yi)藥和(he)藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)最新研(yan)究動態、相關(guan)政(zheng)策(ce)法規和(he)藥品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產、經營、使用(yong)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)現狀,切實(shi)(shi)與(yu)社會需求(qiu)緊密結(jie)合(he)。“雙基”實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)操作(zuo)大(da)(da)賽(sai)(sai),以(yi)“醫(yi)藥結(jie)合(he)、系統(tong)中(zhong)藥、實(shi)(shi)踐創新”的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)理念為(wei)(wei)基礎(chu),以(yi)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)大(da)(da)賽(sai)(sai)”為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang),設置筆試、試驗(yan)(yan)操作(zuo)兩個環節(jie)(jie),借此提升學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)知(zhi)識、能(neng)力、素質協調發展(zhan),并(bing)為(wei)(wei)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)藥學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)大(da)(da)賽(sai)(sai)”選拔儲備人才。除(chu)此之外,科(ke)(ke)研(yan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術節(jie)(jie)還包括(kuo)“慧(hui)眼時(shi)珍”中(zhong)藥鑒別知(zhi)識大(da)(da)賽(sai)(sai)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)術論文(wen)撰寫大(da)(da)賽(sai)(sai)等活動。
4.4自主培育提升(sheng)-重(zhong)大講座及開(kai)放活(huo)動(dong)
模式以(yi)課堂理論(lun)(lun)教學(xue)為(wei)(wei)基石,注重(zhong)契合中藥學(xue)發展前(qian)沿,在例行舉辦學(xue)術(shu)講座之外(wai),以(yi)學(xue)校舉辦國內重(zhong)大(da)學(xue)術(shu)會議為(wei)(wei)契機,組織本科生積極參與,拓寬科研(yan)(yan)思(si)維與方法、了(le)解(jie)本領域(yu)重(zhong)大(da)研(yan)(yan)究進展,提升(sheng)學(xue)術(shu)創新能力。舉辦全國優秀大(da)學(xue)生夏令營——“系統中藥,傳承創新”品牌開放活動,以(yi)基地應屆畢業生為(wei)(wei)主體,適當(dang)吸收全國優秀藥學(xue)類學(xue)生,通(tong)過“名(ming)師(shi)講堂”、“導師(shi)面(mian)(mian)對面(mian)(mian)”、“野外(wai)資源考(kao)察”等活動,將(jiang)理論(lun)(lun)納入實(shi)踐,用實(shi)踐深化(hua)理論(lun)(lun),創新集(ji)(ji)中訓練模式,提升(sheng)集(ji)(ji)中科研(yan)(yan)訓練實(shi)效。
4.5自(zi)主培育(yu)平臺(tai)-學生(sheng)開放式自(zi)主創(chuang)新實體平臺(tai)
學(xue)(xue)院構建(jian)學(xue)(xue)生開(kai)放式自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)實(shi)體平(ping)臺,根(gen)據系統中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)思(si)想,創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)平(ping)臺包括公共理化(hua)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品種、品質(zhi)(zhi)與資源研(yan)(yan)(yan)究單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)物質(zhi)(zhi)基礎及質(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)準研(yan)(yan)(yan)究單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)炮(pao)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan),共享分(fen)析(xi)儀(yi)器(qi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)6大(da)子平(ping)臺,服(fu)務學(xue)(xue)生創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能力培(pei)養。學(xue)(xue)生在該創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺可(ke)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)進行藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)系統科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)探索與研(yan)(yan)(yan)究,能開(kai)展樣品前處理,中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資源與鑒定研(yan)(yan)(yan)究,中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)部位提取、分(fen)離(li)、純化(hua),制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)工(gong)藝研(yan)(yan)(yan)究及質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)方法,常規藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)等研(yan)(yan)(yan)究內容,為學(xue)(xue)生提供一個可(ke)獨立(li)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)進行中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)探索的實(shi)體空間。
5以(yi)創新獎勵及學術論(lun)文為(wei)代表(biao),產出本科(ke)生科(ke)研創新及實踐成果
模式推(tui)進以來,本科生(sheng)科研訓練取得實效(xiao),學生(sheng)科研能力(li)顯著提升:近(jin)三年(nian)來,參加國(guo)(guo)家級比賽多次,獲得十(shi)余(yu)項獎勵,名列全國(guo)(guo)中醫藥院校前前茅;發表(biao)SCI文(wen)章7篇(pian),核心期(qi)刊論文(wen)二十(shi)余(yu)篇(pian),其中以第一作者發表(biao)SCI論文(wen)4篇(pian),充分(fen)展示本科生(sheng)的(de)理(li)論知(zhi)識水平(ping)和實踐創(chuang)新能力(li)。
6討論
6.1學生課堂教(jiao)學與(yu)科(ke)研(yan)創新實踐(jian)相結合
本科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)研(yan)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力自主(zhu)(zhu)培育(yu)模(mo)式(shi)將課堂(tang)理(li)(li)論教學(xue)與(yu)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)研(yan)創(chuang)新(xin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐相結合。讓(rang)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)走出課堂(tang),走進(jin)(jin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗室(shi),低年級學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在課堂(tang)中夯實(shi)(shi)(shi)基本技能(neng),學(xue)、藥(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)、藥(yao)(yao)植(zhi)與(yu)鑒定(ding)、炮(pao)制與(yu)制劑(ji)等專業技能(neng)融匯貫通,使學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)統掌握中藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗技能(neng),培養創(chuang)新(xin)思(si)維;高年級學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)通過自主(zhu)(zhu)培育(yu)模(mo)式(shi),主(zhu)(zhu)動參與(yu)學(xue)科(ke)中藥(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論及應用研(yan)究,中藥(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)效和(he)(he)毒理(li)(li)研(yan)究,中藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)種、品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)資(zi)源開發(fa)研(yan)究,中藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)基礎和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量標準研(yan)究、中藥(yao)(yao)炮(pao)制和(he)(he)新(xin)制劑(ji)、新(xin)劑(ji)型研(yan)究、中藥(yao)(yao)藥(yao)(yao)事管理(li)(li)六個方向進(jin)(jin)行實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐創(chuang)新(xin)。
6.2學院(yuan)主導科研訓(xun)練與學生自主科研能力培育相(xiang)結(jie)合
藥學(xue)院有(you)深(shen)厚的(de)學(xue)生科(ke)研創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)培(pei)養基礎(chu),中藥學(xue)基礎(chu)基地在中藥創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)人才培(pei)養理念(nian)、模(mo)(mo)式、體系、課程設置、平臺建設等方面均取得(de)突出成(cheng)果,被教育(yu)部有(you)關專家譽為中藥學(xue)本科(ke)教育(yu)的(de)“試驗田、排頭兵、輻射源(yuan)”。本科(ke)生科(ke)研創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)自主培(pei)育(yu)模(mo)(mo)式將成(cheng)為學(xue)院主導科(ke)研訓(xun)練(lian)的(de)有(you)益補充,以(yi)學(xue)院為主導,以(yi)學(xue)生為主體,提(ti)升學(xue)生主動性(xing),全方位提(ti)升科(ke)研創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)培(pei)育(yu)實效。
[參考文獻]