建筑防水施工技術范文

時間:2023-04-12 08:00:12

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篇1

關鍵詞:建筑防水施工技術、重要性、應用

中圖(tu)分類號:TU74 文獻標識碼(ma):A 文章編號:

隨著我國人(ren)們生活水平(ping)的(de)不斷提高,對居(ju)住環境的(de)防(fang)水要求也(ye)越來越嚴(yan)格,在工(gong)程(cheng)建設中,防(fang)水技(ji)術是(shi)一項(xiang)非(fei)常重要的(de)施(shi)工(gong)內容(rong),它(ta)關系到建筑工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)否(fou)符合國家規定的(de)標準。因(yin)此,對防(fang)水技(ji)術在建筑工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)中應用(yong)的(de)探討(tao)有(you)其必要性。

一、建筑防水技術(shu)的重(zhong)要(yao)性

在建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)中,防水技術的應(ying)用,為工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量提供了重要(yao)的保(bao)障,具體主要(yao)表(biao)現在以下(xia)幾個方面(mian):

首(shou)先,在建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中,防(fang)水技(ji)術與建(jian)筑(zhu)的質(zhi)量有(you)著最(zui)(zui)(zui)為密(mi)切的關(guan)(guan)系,由于在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中,其所涉及(ji)內容多,程(cheng)序繁雜,一(yi)旦缺(que)乏高度重視,就(jiu)會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)質(zhi)量問題,進而就(jiu)會(hui)造成(cheng)滲(shen)漏(lou)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象的發生,最(zui)(zui)(zui)終導致建(jian)筑(zhu)質(zhi)量極(ji)劇(ju)下降。根據目前的一(yi)項(xiang)調查表明(ming),在建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)滲(shen)透的原(yuan)因(yin)是多方面(mian)的,現(xian)(xian)(xian)在以數據的統計(ji)結(jie)果來說明(ming)一(yi)下,由于管理造成(cheng)的占(zhan)到(dao)15%,設計(ji)占(zhan)18%,材料占(zhan)22%,而施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)到(dao)45%,顯(xian)然,施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是最(zui)(zui)(zui)為主(zhu)要的一(yi)個(ge)方面(mian),因(yin)此,建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是控制防(fang)水的一(yi)個(ge)關(guan)(guan)鍵環節。

其次,防(fang)水(shui)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)作為建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部分(fen),可以有效地避免建筑(zhu)不受浸蝕,是保證建筑(zhu)結構和使(shi)用(yong)功能的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。在建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中,通(tong)過防(fang)水(shui)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)應用(yong),加強對建筑(zhu)空間結構的(de)(de)保護(hu),做好分(fen)項施(shi)工(gong)(gong),結合(he)(he)防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料的(de)(de)合(he)(he)理應用(yong),避免滲漏和浸蝕現象的(de)(de)發生,大大延(yan)長建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

第三,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防水技(ji)(ji)術還(huan)與人(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)命安全有著最為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)接的關系,同時,也(ye)關系到我國(guo)的經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)。隨(sui)著我國(guo)社會(hui)的發(fa)展(zhan)和經(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)制(zhi)的改革,人(ren)們越來越重(zhong)視建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防水技(ji)(ji)術的重(zhong)要性。在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工程施工中,一旦建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)滲漏,一方(fang)面,會(hui)影響到人(ren)們正(zheng)常的生(sheng)(sheng)活、生(sheng)(sheng)產與工作,降價建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的使用(yong)年限(xian),另(ling)一方(fang)面,會(hui)危害(hai)人(ren)們的身體(ti)健(jian)康,威脅(xie)到人(ren)們的生(sheng)(sheng)命安全,第三個方(fang)面,為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)的經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan),帶來巨大的經(jing)濟(ji)損失。由此可(ke)見(jian),防水技(ji)(ji)術在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工程施工中的應用(yong)的重(zhong)要性。

二、防水技術(shu)在建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)施(shi)工中的應用

2.1嚴格控制防(fang)水(shui)材料

在建筑(zhu)工(gong)程施工(gong)中,工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最為(wei)基本的保(bao)證(zheng)就是建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao),對(dui)(dui)于建筑(zhu)防水(shui)技術(shu)工(gong)程也不(bu)例外(wai),同樣也要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)材(cai)料(liao)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制,具體(ti)可以(yi)(yi)從以(yi)(yi)下幾(ji)點入(ru)手(shou):首(shou)先,要(yao)(yao)(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)使用(yong)現代(dai)新(xin)型(xing)材(cai)料(liao),加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)新(xin)型(xing)材(cai)料(liao)的推廣和(he)應(ying)用(yong),既要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),也適(shi)應(ying)綠(lv)色理(li)念(nian)的環保(bao)建筑(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。其次是,在采購(gou)材(cai)料(liao)時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)到物美價廉,加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)市場動態(tai)的了解(jie),盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)選擇信(xin)譽(yu)好、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)優的產商,切實保(bao)證(zheng)材(cai)料(liao)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。第三(san),要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)材(cai)料(liao)的認(ren)證(zheng)管理(li),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)防水(shui)材(cai)料(liao)有合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)和(he)出廠證(zheng)明,在材(cai)料(liao)到達(da)施工(gong)現場后,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)經材(cai)料(liao)復試(shi)(shi),確保(bao)復試(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)后,才可投入(ru)使用(yong),杜絕和(he)禁止不(bu)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)施工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)入(ru)場。第四,加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)成品的保(bao)護。

2.2施工程序(xu)控制(zhi)

在這里以聚合物(wu)水泥防(fang)水涂(tu)料為例(li),來作具體(ti)說明:

首先,合理配置施(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。在配置施(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)時,一定要按照說明書,嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)配合比,一般(ban)主要用到的(de)(de)(de)是粉料(liao)(liao)、液料(liao)(liao)以(yi)及水,在調制(zhi)時,對于水量的(de)(de)(de)應用,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根據實際情況(kuang)進行(xing)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)調整,合理控制(zhi)與涂料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)稠(chou)度;并且,在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時,要結合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)要求,科學劃(hua)分(fen)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)部位(wei),如(ru)平面、立(li)面,要保證漿液攪拌均勻,拌和好的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)一般(ban)要求要在3小時內用完(wan),但是所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)漿液不(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)有(you)結塊,而(er)且所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)能混(hun)淆使用。

其次(ci)(ci),要把(ba)握好涂刷(shua)時間。在施工(gong)時,要保證(zheng)前一次(ci)(ci)涂刷(shua)漿體的干燥(zao)后(hou),再進(jin)行下一次(ci)(ci)的涂刷(shua),并且要控制好時間間隔,不(bu)可以(yi)過長(chang),也不(bu)可以(yi)過短。在涂刷(shua)時,要結合設計要求,多次(ci)(ci)進(jin)行,直(zhi)到符合設計標準(zhun)方可。

2.3工(gong)程(cheng)細部(bu)施(shi)工(gong)

在建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程防水(shui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中,要把握(wo)對細部(bu)(bu)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。一、管根部(bu)(bu)位(wei),需要施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員結合施工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求,填充石膏;二、要加強(qiang)對漏水(shui)薄弱(ruo)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)的控制,如管根、陰陽角、地漏等位(wei)置(zhi),可以增(zeng)加一層胎(tai)體(ti),使得防水(shui)性能增(zeng)強(qiang);三、對于密封材料不可以有(you)塌陷(xian)、鼓泡(pao)或者是開裂,與(yu)縫(feng)壁的結合要牢固,且(qie)壓嵌要嚴密。

2.4防水工程重(zhong)點部位施工

(1)地下室外墻后澆帶

在(zai)建(jian)筑工程外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)防(fang)水(shui)施工中,后(hou)澆帶防(fang)水(shui)是整(zheng)(zheng)個防(fang)水(shui)技術的關鍵(jian)部分(fen),所以,在(zai)施工時,一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)采用合理的施工方法,加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)個外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)的質量的控(kong)制。首先(xian),要(yao)(yao)預制鋼筋混(hun)凝土蓋(gai)板,將其(qi)加(jia)設在(zai)后(hou)澆帶部位,增(zeng)強(qiang)其(qi)防(fang)水(shui)性能。其(qi)次(ci),還要(yao)(yao)在(zai)蓋(gai)板上,增(zeng)加(jia)防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料,從而形成一(yi)個良好的防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng),這樣,整(zheng)(zheng)個外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)后(hou)澆帶就構建(jian)出一(yi)個整(zheng)(zheng)體防(fang)水(shui)體系。

(2)底板與側墻連(lian)接部位

在防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)工程施工中,底(di)板與側墻連接部位最為關鍵(jian)的(de)一(yi)個環(huan)節就是防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材的(de)保護和搭接,具體(ti)從以下幾點(dian)入手:首(shou)先,要(yao)(yao)采用永久(jiu)保護墻的(de)方式,提高防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)能,然后再(zai)利用防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材,在其(qi)上面增(zeng)加一(yi)層(ceng)附(fu)加層(ceng),接著還要(yao)(yao)在附(fu)加層(ceng)再(zai)增(zeng)加一(yi)層(ceng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材,有(you)效增(zeng)強防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)功能。其(qi)次,底(di)板施工完畢后,將甩(shuai)茬(cha)的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材表(biao)面清理干凈,再(zai)與上部防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)材進行(xing)搭接。

(3)質量檢查

在整個(ge)工(gong)程中,質量(liang)檢查作(zuo)為(wei)最后一道(dao)工(gong)序,必須(xu)嚴格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)。在檢查時(shi),一定要(yao)嚴格(ge)(ge)按照(zhao)施工(gong)要(yao)求,提高(gao)工(gong)程質量(liang)標準,若是發現(xian)工(gong)程質量(liang)不合(he)理(li)(li),一定要(yao)及時(shi)修整,在必要(yao)時(shi),要(yao)返工(gong)處理(li)(li),確(que)保建筑工(gong)程質量(liang)符合(he)標準。

三、強化防水技(ji)術,提高建筑工(gong)程施工(gong)質(zhi)量的措(cuo)施

3.1更新觀念

在建(jian)筑工程施工中,要(yao)(yao)轉變觀念,增強(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)意(yi)識(shi),精心設計(ji),加強(qiang)(qiang)監督與管(guan)理,充分認(ren)識(shi)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)技術(shu)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)性,加大(da)監管(guan)力度,結(jie)合工程要(yao)(yao)求和設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)求,既要(yao)(yao)保證設計(ji)質量(liang),也要(yao)(yao)達以防(fang)(fang)水(shui)要(yao)(yao)求。

3.2改進管理方法(fa)

首先,要(yao)完善管理制度的(de)(de)建設(she),加(jia)強對(dui)施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理,保證(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)防水(shui)施工(gong)的(de)(de)規范(fan)性,穩(wen)定防水(shui)市場,避(bi)免管理失控和工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)下(xia)降。其次,要(yao)加(jia)強工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)管,要(yao)設(she)立(li)專門(men)(men)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)管部門(men)(men),針對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)行實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)(jian)督,避(bi)免不必要(yao)問(wen)題的(de)(de)發生。

3.3提高人員素質(zhi)

在(zai)建筑工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)中,人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源作(zuo)為保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程質量最為根本的(de)(de)(de)因素(su),一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)素(su)質。首先(xian),要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高設(she)計人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)素(su)質。設(she)計人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)不僅要(yao)(yao)具備(bei)具備(bei)良好的(de)(de)(de)專業知識和能力,而且還要(yao)(yao)具備(bei)較高的(de)(de)(de)職業素(su)養。其次,管(guan)(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高其管(guan)(guan)理能力,堅(jian)持以人(ren)(ren)為本,加強(qiang)對各(ge)個環節的(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)與管(guan)(guan)理。第(di)三,施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)有(you)(you)強(qiang)化責任意識,提(ti)高自己的(de)(de)(de)責任感,嚴格按照工(gong)(gong)程要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),規范施工(gong)(gong)操作(zuo),并且要(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)學習,尤其是對于(yu)一(yi)些新工(gong)(gong)藝、新技術的(de)(de)(de)應用,要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)掌握。

3.4定期維修

建筑(zhu)由(you)于受到(dao)外(wai)界(jie)氣候的(de)影(ying)響,會隨(sui)著(zhu)時(shi)間的(de)流(liu)逝(shi),不斷地老化。因此,必(bi)須要加強建筑(zhu)定(ding)期維(wei)修。比(bi)如:屋面防水(shui)層(ceng),其在長(chang)期的(de)雨(yu)水(shui)沖涮下,再經過陽光的(de)照射,層(ceng)面老化是必(bi)然的(de),所以,必(bi)須要通過維(wei)修來延長(chang)其壽命(ming),從而獲得長(chang)時(shi)期的(de)效(xiao)益。

四、總結:

總而(er)言之,建筑防(fang)水是一門(men)綜合(he)性(xing)、實(shi)用性(xing)很強(qiang)的工程技術,是建筑工程的重要組成部(bu)分,因此,要加強(qiang)分析和研究,完(wan)善管理(li)制度,提高責任意(yi)識,切(qie)實(shi)保證建筑物的使(shi)用功能和壽命,改善人類居(ju)住環境。

參考文獻:

篇2

【關(guan)鍵詞(ci)】建(jian)筑部(bu)門;防水工作;施工技術;應對(dui)措施

引言:由于防(fang)水工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)質量與人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財產安(an)全有著緊密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)。一旦出現室內(nei)漏水的(de)(de)(de)情況,會給居(ju)民造成很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)不便,帶來嚴重的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟損失。這就要(yao)去在防(fang)水施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中,應該加(jia)強對施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)管理工(gong)作(zuo),嚴格(ge)按照生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)要(yao)求。如果提高我國(guo)建筑的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水效果,下面就目前我國(guo)建筑行業出現的(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)問(wen)題進行探討,同(tong)時(shi)提出解決問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)參考意見。

一 國(guo)內建筑防水(shui)工(gong)程現狀

針對我(wo)國的(de)建筑(zhu)存在(zai)的(de)嚴重(zhong)的(de)滲漏(lou)現象,需要(yao)各大建筑(zhu)單位(wei)(wei)對不同的(de)問(wen)題進行合理(li)分析(xi),進行及時的(de)解決(jue)。其(qi)中建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程容易滲漏(lou)的(de)部位(wei)(wei)包(bao)括屋(wu)面(mian)部位(wei)(wei)、室(shi)內(nei)部位(wei)(wei)尤其(qi)是廁浴間、外(wai)墻(qiang)面(mian)板縫(feng)部位(wei)(wei)外(wai)墻(qiang)面(mian)、窗臺框架粱底以(yi)及地(di)下(xia)室(shi)墻(qiang)面(mian)等(deng)部門。其(qi)中地(di)下(xia)滲漏(lou)的(de)情況(kuang)更為嚴重(zhong),這(zhe)也是在(zai)實際施工(gong)(gong)應(ying)該注重(zhong)解決(jue)的(de)一大問(wen)題。

各種(zhong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)對建筑的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)帶來(lai)了(le)諸多不(bu)便,比(bi)如內(nei)墻面(mian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)地面(mian)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)施(shi)工失誤(wu)至(zhi)使(shi)(shi)水(shui)向(xiang)下滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou),導致(zhi)底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)墻面(mian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui)嚴重(zhong),甚至(zhi)使(shi)(shi)與之一墻之隔的(de)大(da)廳過道墻面(mian)受滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui)泅(qiu)漬(zi);上下管(guan)道接(jie)口(kou)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)上下管(guan)道接(jie)口(kou)處(chu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)沒有做(zuo)(zuo)好,至(zhi)使(shi)(shi)水(shui)沿管(guan)道與樓板(ban)接(jie)縫處(chu)發生(sheng)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou),粉刷層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)起皮、脫落,導致(zhi)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)屋(wu)面(mian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui)嚴重(zhong);外墻面(mian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)室(shi)內(nei)用(yong)水(shui)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)沒有做(zuo)(zuo)好,至(zhi)使(shi)(shi)整個房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)現象嚴重(zhong),同(tong)時(shi)使(shi)(shi)外墻面(mian)受滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui)泅(qiu)漬(zi)嚴重(zhong);窗臺滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)為了(le)追求簡(jian)潔的(de)外觀線條,窗口(kou)處(chu)沒有做(zuo)(zuo)更好的(de)排水(shui)處(chu)理措施(shi),造成雨(yu)水(shui)在窗口(kou)處(chu)污染墻面(mian),影響(xiang)外觀效(xiao)(xiao)果。女兒墻滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)由于(yu)我(wo)們(men)女兒墻根部的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)沒有做(zuo)(zuo)好,導致(zhi)雨(yu)水(shui)從其(qi)根部發生(sheng)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou),污水(shui)污染整個外墻面(mian),嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)室(shi)內(nei)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong),墻體的(de)耐久(jiu)性,保溫性能以(yi)及整個建筑的(de)外觀效(xiao)(xiao)果。

二、目前建筑(zhu)施工中防水技(ji)術存在(zai)在(zai)問(wen)題(ti)

2.1 防(fang)水(shui)材料不符合屋面建(jian)設(she)的標準

雖然我國(guo)(guo)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)材料有所改進,但是在建筑施(shi)(shi)工環境(jing)和技術逐漸復雜的(de)情況下(xia),防(fang)水(shui)性(xing)能(neng)依舊很難達到建筑施(shi)(shi)工的(de)標(biao)準。目前我國(guo)(guo)的(de)建筑材料性(xing)能(neng)的(de)局限性(xing)主(zhu)要表現在低溫易裂、高溫易化這方(fang)面,導致防(fang)水(shui)能(neng)力下(xia)降,材料使用壽命(ming)縮短(duan)。

2.2 建(jian)筑(zhu)屋(wu)面的設計(ji)不符合建(jian)筑(zhu)要求

在屋面(mian)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)建設(she)過(guo)程中(zhong),如果(guo)設(she)計(ji)不合理,就會(hui)對屋面(mian)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)、排水(shui)帶來一定的(de)(de)困難,造(zao)成(cheng)一定的(de)(de)影響。比如,如果(guo)屋面(mian)的(de)(de)排水(shui)坡度設(she)計(ji)過(guo)于平緩,遇(yu)到大量的(de)(de)降(jiang)雨就會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)廢水(shui)堆積(ji),腐蝕屋面(mian)建筑物,導致排水(shui)系統效(xiao)率(lv)降(jiang)低,發(fa)生滲水(shui)、漏(lou)水(shui)的(de)(de)現象。

2.3 不到位的監管制度(du)導致防水技術的質量(liang)不符合標(biao)準(zhun)要求

由于相(xiang)關的(de)(de)監(jian)管(guan)部門監(jian)督管(guan)理不到(dao)位,對防水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)認識不到(dao)位,對施(shi)工方(fang)案中存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)問題不能(neng)及時(shi)提出意(yi)見,同時(shi)企業各方(fang)面(mian)關于防水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)配套(tao)設(she)施(shi)沒(mei)有完善,施(shi)工方(fang)和(he)監(jian)管(guan)方(fang)對屋面(mian)防水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)都沒(mei)有采(cai)取應有的(de)(de)重視(shi)措施(shi),導致(zhi)工程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量不能(neng)得到(dao)有效的(de)(de)保證,造成屋面(mian)防水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)出現弊端(duan)和(he)漏洞(dong)。

三(san)、解決建筑施工中防水(shui)問題的辦法

 針對屋面(mian)(mian)建筑施(shi)工中出現的防水技(ji)術(shu)的各種(zhong)問題,筆者總結(jie)有以下幾方面(mian)(mian)的措施(shi)。

3.1選擇性能好的(de)符合建筑(zhu)標準(zhun)的(de)防水材料

雖(sui)然(ran)目前我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)屋面(mian)建(jian)筑防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)還不能全(quan)部達到(dao)標準的(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)要求,但是(shi)隨著我國(guo)屋面(mian)建(jian)筑防水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷發展和(he)(he)進步,防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能也在不斷得到(dao)提升,這對于屋面(mian)建(jian)筑施(shi)工是(shi)一(yi)個很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)幫助作用。因此在進行(xing)屋面(mian)建(jian)筑施(shi)工過(guo)程時,要派遣專業的(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)人員和(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)檢測人員,選擇有產品質(zhi)量合格證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)廠家或(huo)者規(gui)模大(da)、資質(zhi)老的(de)(de)(de)廠家。同(tong)時做好材(cai)料(liao)(liao)檢測和(he)(he)驗收(shou),嚴格按(an)照(zhao)屋面(mian)建(jian)筑施(shi)工技術(shu)中防水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)質(zhi)量管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)相關規(gui)定和(he)(he)要求,不怕麻煩(fan),做好防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)各種性(xing)能測試,并向上級和(he)(he)有關部門提供必要的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量檢測報告,確(que)保在每一(yi)道程序(xu)上保證(zheng)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)合格性(xing)。

3.2對建(jian)筑屋面(mian)的排水系統進行嚴謹地設計

屋面(mian)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴謹設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)關系(xi)到屋面(mian)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排放性能和(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量以(yi)及使用壽命。因(yin)此只有科學合(he)理設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)屋面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong),才能有效(xiao)地(di)(di)進(jin)行積水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排放,才能使建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量得到有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護(hu)和(he)保障,才能穩定(ding)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo),促進(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)業快速良性發展。在設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)時,要結合(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候環(huan)境和(he)自然條(tiao)件,排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)應便于施工(gong)操作和(he)維修,避免(mian)對人體及周圍(wei)環(huan)境造成影(ying)響(xiang),以(yi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)可靠、以(yi)防(fang)為主、排防(fang)結合(he)、因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜、綠色(se)發展為設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)原則進(jin)行防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)

3.3 從(cong)細節上提高建筑防水技術(shu)注意要(yao)點

解決好屋面漏水滲水情(qing)況,可以保證建筑物(wu)的質量和居民生活的穩定(ding)。針對這一問題的探討,筆(bi)者(zhe)在這里就進(jin)行簡單的分(fen)析。

在屋面找(zhao)平層(ceng)澆筑時(shi),注(zhu)(zhu)意屋面的養(yang)護時(shi)間;建筑找(zhao)坡時(shi)要注(zhu)(zhu)意找(zhao)準泛水坡度;在抹(mo)找(zhao)平層(ceng)水泥砂漿(jiang)之前,要注(zhu)(zhu)意進(jin)行適當地(di)噴(pen)水潤濕基層(ceng)表面,同時(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)意將灑水量控制在一定的范圍之內(nei)。

在分(fen)格(ge)縫的(de)設(she)置(zhi)中,要注意將分(fen)格(ge)縫設(she)置(zhi)在屋面(mian)轉(zhuan)折處(chu)、防水層與屋面(mian)突(tu)出的(de)交接處(chu),同(tong)時注意做好(hao)分(fen)格(ge)縫的(de)對(dui)(dui)齊工作,保證(zheng)分(fen)格(ge)縫與屋面(mian)板縫對(dui)(dui)齊,防止(zhi)板面(mian)出現開(kai)裂狀(zhuang)況。

在(zai)結構層(ceng)與(yu)防水層(ceng)要設置隔(ge)離(li)層(ceng),以(yi)此(ci)來減(jian)少防水層(ceng)受(shou)到的拉應力。在(zai)這(zhe)個施工過程中,可以(yi)采用石灰粘土砂漿隔(ge)離(li)層(ceng)施工或(huo)者卷(juan)材隔(ge)離(li)施工,避免結構層(ceng)與(yu)防水層(ceng)開裂。

四 提高建筑防(fang)水施工(gong)技(ji)術的策略

4.1對企業相關人員及相關管理部門進(jin)行一定的培訓

首應該不(bu)斷提高(gao)(gao)企(qi)業(ye)相關人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工理(li)(li)念和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念。同(tong)時企(qi)業(ye)還需(xu)(xu)(xu)要對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)定期開(kai)展培訓(xun)工作,轉變員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工理(li)(li)念,從而培養(yang)起施(shi)(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值觀。還需(xu)(xu)(xu)要加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)知(zhi)識培訓(xun),只有這樣才能不(bu)斷提高(gao)(gao)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全施(shi)(shi)(shi)工理(li)(li)念,同(tong)時樹立起高(gao)(gao)質量施(shi)(shi)(shi)工理(li)(li)念。當然(ran)還應該加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職業(ye)道德(de)素養(yang)培訓(xun),從而有效地保證房屋建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)(he)安全,來不(bu)斷滿(man)足人(ren)民和(he)(he)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。對(dui)于(yu)監督(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)部門,需(xu)(xu)(xu)要不(bu)斷完善(shan)相關制度文件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定,同(tong)時提高(gao)(gao)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力度,對(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中常出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些問題,及時發現并解(jie)決。

4.2提高專業化的(de)施工(gong)管(guan)理

為了更好的保(bao)證(zheng)建筑行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能在(zai)在(zai)激(ji)烈的市場競爭(zheng)中占有一席之(zhi)地,需(xu)要不斷加強施工部(bu)門人才的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)培訓。同時(shi)(shi)施工部(bu)門還可以(yi)通過結合不同部(bu)門的建筑人才,有效開展監管(guan)工作,從而(er)有效保(bao)證(zheng)施工的質量,提(ti)高(gao)工作的效率。同時(shi)(shi)還可以(yi)為客戶樹(shu)立起良好的企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)形象,使客對企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更為信任。同時(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的人才隊伍(wu)對提(ti)高(gao)建筑企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的核心競爭(zheng)力也(ye)發揮了重要的作用。

五 小結

綜上所述,為了更好(hao)的(de)保證建(jian)筑工程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量安全,就應該不斷(duan)提高防水(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping),做好(hao)對技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作。由于防水(shui)(shui)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)好(hao)壞(huai)直接關(guan)系到整個建(jian)筑行業發展的(de)前景。這就要求,施(shi)工單位應該積極轉變管(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念,堅持(chi)科技(ji)創新(xin),全面提高管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping),從而確保我(wo)國建(jian)筑行業健康有序(xu)的(de)發展。

【參考文獻】

[1] 張(zhang)冬(dong)梅. 淺析防水施工技(ji)術在房屋(wu)滲漏修補(bu)中的應用[J]. 黑龍江科技(ji)信(xin)息. 2010(14)

[2] 馬明杰. 建筑工程(cheng)防水施工技(ji)術初(chu)探[J]. 中國新(xin)技(ji)術新(xin)產品(pin). 2013(09)

篇3

關鍵詞:地下建筑(zhu) 防水工程 施工

中(zhong)圖分(fen)類(lei)號:TU7 文獻標識(shi)碼:A 文章編(bian)號:1672-3791(2014)09(a)-0055-01

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)功能(neng)之一,而且也是(shi)一門有(you)(you)著(zhu)很強(qiang)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)和(he)綜合性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)術(shu),其不(bu)(bu)僅關系到(dao)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環境、衛生條(tiao)件,而且對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)功能(neng)和(he)壽命也有(you)(you)著(zhu)直接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。所謂地(di)下(xia)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)是(shi)指那些全(quan)埋或半埋于地(di)下(xia)或水(shui)(shui)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構筑(zhu)(zhu)物,其有(you)(you)著(zhu)受地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)影響比較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。若不(bu)(bu)能(neng)采取有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu),就可能(neng)造成結構內部滲入地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti),由此(ci)(ci)導致鋼筋生銹、混凝土腐(fu)蝕和(he)地(di)基下(xia)沉現象出(chu)(chu)現,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至會將構筑(zhu)(zhu)物淹沒,嚴重(zhong)危(wei)害建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。因此(ci)(ci),從地(di)下(xia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物安(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)出(chu)(chu)發,就必須重(zhong)視地(di)下(xia)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)。

1 地下建(jian)筑防水工程施工技術

1.1 柔性防水的施工(gong)技術

運用APP和(he)SBS等防(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)開展防(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)施(shi)工,可將(jiang)(jiang)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)按(an)照一定方(fang)法(fa)采取(qu)冷底子油和(he)熱熔法(fa),于在墊層、磚模或(huo)結構層上進行(xing)相互搭(da)接(jie)(jie)粘帖,使(shi)之有一個密閉不透(tou)水(shui)(shui)的整體形(xing)成(cheng),然(ran)后以土工布、砂(sha)漿、細(xi)石砼或(huo)保(bao)護板對卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)進行(xing)保(bao)護,確保(bao)其不遭到破壞(huai),包裹起建(jian)筑工程的地下(xia)部分,來實現有效防(fang)水(shui)(shui)。在此期間,必須確保(bao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)不能損壞(huai)和(he)產(chan)生漏鋪問(wen)題,這就需要把卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)的搭(da)接(jie)(jie)和(he)粘貼一定處理好(hao),并將(jiang)(jiang)管(guan)道口、鋼筋(jin)等穿透(tou)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)細(xi)部也處理好(hao)。

1.2 剛性防水(shui)施(shi)工技術

作(zuo)為防(fang)水(shui)(shui)主體結構的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)砼(tong),工程(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)基(ji)本保證就(jiu)(jiu)在于其能(neng)夠(gou)不裂不滲,所以(yi),地下工程(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)應(ying)關注的(de)(de)重點就(jiu)(jiu)是防(fang)水(shui)(shui)砼(tong)施(shi)工。當施(shi)工過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),必須對影響防(fang)水(shui)(shui)砼(tong)自防(fang)水(shui)(shui)效果的(de)(de)相(xiang)關因素做細致的(de)(de)分析(xi),并把相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)預防(fang)措施(shi)運用好,使鹼自身的(de)(de)防(fang)裂和(he)抗(kang)滲能(neng)力得到有效改善。

(1)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)的(de)質量(liang)必須符合要求。由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)、砂、石子(zi)、膨脹劑、粉煤灰、水(shui)(shui)(shui)等構(gou)成了防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)的(de)主要原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)。要求≥32.5#的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)品種強度等級(ji);應(ying)(ying)有5~40 mm的(de)石子(zi)粒徑和5~32 mm的(de)泵(beng)(beng)送、≤1%的(de)含(han)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)量(liang);應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)中砂,≤3%的(de)含(han)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)量(liang),≤1%的(de)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)塊含(han)量(liang)。若將(jiang)(jiang)10%~12%U型膨脹劑摻入砼(tong)中,可提高1~2倍的(de)砼(tong)抗滲能力。通常(chang)泵(beng)(beng)送砼(tong)應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)(jiang)粉煤灰摻入,其質量(liang)應(ying)(ying)達(da)到一級(ji),摻量(liang)≤20%。要采用(yong)(yong)不(bu)含(han)有害(hai)物質的(de)潔凈水(shui)(shui)(shui)。對所有材(cai)料(liao)必須先(xian)(xian)檢后用(yong)(yong),先(xian)(xian)把現(xian)場抽樣(yang)檢驗工(gong)作做(zuo)好,必須確保達(da)標才可使用(yong)(yong),其重點就是對砂石含(han)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)量(liang)及級(ji)配進行控制。

(2)做好(hao)砼配合比(bi)設計(ji)。配合比(bi)設計(ji)工作需要(yao)的(de)實驗室(shi)應(ying)具備(bei)相(xiang)應(ying)資質和能力,按≥300 kg/m3的(de)水泥用量、35~45%的(de)砂率和≤0.55水灰比(bi)和不(bu)應(ying)>180 mm的(de)入泵坍落度(du)。

(2)攪(jiao)拌(ban)計(ji)量要準(zhun)確(que)。若現場進行砼的(de)攪(jiao)拌(ban),在使用(yong)(yong)前應(ying)(ying)做(zuo)好校驗(yan)配(pei)料(liao)系統工作。經過交(jiao)底(di)和(he)培訓操作人(ren)員后再進行人(ren)工添(tian)加(jia)膨(peng)(peng)脹劑及(ji)粉(fen)煤灰,要確(que)保(bao)準(zhun)確(que)率,達(da)到≤0.5%的(de)誤(wu)差。在加(jia)入粉(fen)煤灰和(he)膨(peng)(peng)脹劑之(zhi)后的(de)砼攪(jiao)拌(ban)時間要比(bi)普通砼延長30 s,拌(ban)合均勻各(ge)(ge)種材料(liao)使之(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)得(de)(de)到發揮。若當攪(jiao)拌(ban)站不(bu)(bu)能按配(pei)合比(bi)將足夠的(de)U型(xing)膨(peng)(peng)脹劑摻入,導致砼的(de)膨(peng)(peng)脹和(he)防水效應(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)高,就不(bu)(bu)能發揮應(ying)(ying)有作用(yong)(yong)使工程需(xu)要得(de)(de)到滿足。所以,必須使各(ge)(ge)種材料(liao)特別是U型(xing)膨(peng)(peng)脹劑的(de)準(zhun)確(que)計(ji)量得(de)(de)到保(bao)證。

(4)必須處理好施工質量及細部結構(gou)

必(bi)須做好施(shi)工縫、后(hou)澆(jiao)帶、鋼(gang)筋撐(cheng)角、穿墻管道和螺(luo)栓、樁(zhuang)頭等細(xi)部結(jie)構問題,確保(bao)工程的(de)施(shi)工質(zhi)量。在(zai)(zai)砼振搗過程中,必(bi)須保(bao)證有(you)專人(ren)負責,振搗時間應保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)10~30 s之間為宜,標準必(bi)須控制在(zai)(zai)混凝土泛漿和不(bu)(bu)冒氣泡為準,使不(bu)(bu)漏振、不(bu)(bu)欠振和不(bu)(bu)超振有(you)可靠保(bao)證,同時后(hou),還要嚴格依(yi)據預(yu)先設計好的(de)澆(jiao)筑方法開(kai)展(zhan)澆(jiao)筑工作。

(5)砼(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)拆模(mo)及(ji)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)、保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作要(yao)做(zuo)好。養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)必須(xu)按照嚴格標準進行(xing)(xing),使(shi)砼(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)濕潤得到保(bao)持。最好要(yao)延長(chang)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)帶(dai)模(mo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)時(shi)間,具體施(shi)工(gong)過程中,存(cun)在一(yi)些工(gong)地為了使(shi)施(shi)工(gong)趕進度(du),剛達(da)到1~2 d就(jiu)(jiu)拆模(mo),由于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)個時(shi)間的(de)(de)砼(tong)(tong)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)化(hua)熱(re)溫(wen)(wen)升最高的(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan),拆模(mo)過早就(jiu)(jiu)容易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)散熱(re)快,墻內外溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)就(jiu)(jiu)增加了,就(jiu)(jiu)很(hen)容易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)成溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)裂縫的(de)(de)出現(xian)。應于(yu)(yu)第5 d對墻體宜(yi)進行(xing)(xing)拆模(mo),養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)應帶(dai)模(mo)慢淋水(shui)(shui)進行(xing)(xing),當拆模(mo)之后必須(xu)以麻布貼(tie)墻同(tong)時(shi)淋水(shui)(shui)保(bao)濕養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)10~14d。由于(yu)(yu)建筑物的(de)(de)底板通常則同(tong)時(shi)為大(da)體積砼(tong)(tong),這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)依據施(shi)工(gong)季節及(ji)現(xian)場的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)條件,將合理的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)方案(an)制訂出來,以確保(bao)鹼中心溫(wen)(wen)度(du)與(yu)表(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)差(cha)值、砼(tong)(tong)表(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)與(yu)大(da)氣溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)差(cha)值均處(chu)于(yu)(yu)≤25℃;在夏(xia)季就(jiu)(jiu)應采取(qu)蓄水(shui)(shui)或(huo)濕麻布養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)措施(shi),而冬(dong)季則需(xu)要(yao)以塑(su)料薄(bo)膜和保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材料做(zuo)好保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)保(bao)濕的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護(hu)工(gong)作。

2 結語

總之,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地下防(fang)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)涉及面比較廣,在(zai)設(she)計與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期間,離不開設(she)計和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員嚴(yan)格依照(zhao)相關標(biao)準與(yu)要(yao)求展開,這就需(xu)要(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地下防(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程質量控制必須(xu)堅持(chi)兩個基(ji)(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)則:其(qi)一是以防(fang)為主、多(duo)道設(she)防(fang)及剛柔相濟的基(ji)(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)則;其(qi)二是精心施(shi)工(gong)(gong)細部(bu)構造防(fang)水(shui)的基(ji)(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)則,使(shi)地下工(gong)(gong)程質量有可靠保(bao)證,從而確(que)保(bao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)水(shui)質量和整個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的使(shi)用安全(quan)。

參考文獻

篇4

【關(guan)鍵詞】建筑防水;施工技術;要點

0.引言

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)滲漏(lou)問題(ti)一直以(yi)來都(dou)是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)質量控制的(de)(de)(de)重點之一,也是住戶反應最為(wei)強烈的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)之一。許多建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)使用不久之后(hou)便會出現(xian)屋(wu)面(mian)漏(lou)水、墻(qiang)壁滲漏(lou)等問題(ti),這(zhe)些(xie)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生輕者會給建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)美觀帶(dai)來影響(xiang),重者則(ze)會影響(xiang)到建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命以(yi)及使用安全(quan)。面(mian)對滲漏(lou)問題(ti),人們需要花費(fei)大量的(de)(de)(de)人力(li)和物力(li)來治理(li),可(ke)是效果(guo)卻是不盡如人意。所以(yi),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防水工(gong)程意義重大。本文(wen)就(jiu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防水工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)技(ji)術要點進行初步分析。

1.建筑防水材料的選用

據有關(guan)部(bu)門對防(fang)(fang)水工(gong)程出現滲(shen)(shen)漏現象分(fen)析結果(guo)顯(xian)示,滲(shen)(shen)漏原因(yin)中由(you)于材料不良(liang)造成(cheng)(cheng)的占(zhan)20%~30%,由(you)于施工(gong)粗糙造成(cheng)(cheng)的約占(zhan)45%~48%,由(you)于設計存在問題造成(cheng)(cheng)的占(zhan)18%~26%,建筑防(fang)(fang)水工(gong)程所(suo)謂四漏(屋(wu)面漏、廁浴間漏、外墻(qiang)體滲(shen)(shen)漏和地下室漏)問題已成(cheng)(cheng)為常見的質量通病(bing),應引起注意。

1.1剛性防(fang)水材料

防水(shui)(shui)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)兼(jian)有結(jie)構(gou)層和防水(shui)(shui)層的(de)(de)雙(shuang)重功效。其防水(shui)(shui)機理(li)是(shi)依靠結(jie)構(gou)構(gou)件(如梁、板、墻體等)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)自身的(de)(de)密實性,再加上一些構(gou)造措(cuo)施(如設置(zhi)坡度、止水(shui)(shui)環等)達到(dao)結(jie)構(gou)自防水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

1.1.1作業條件(jian)

完成鋼筋、模版的隱(yin)(yin)檢(jian)、預檢(jian)的驗收工作,并(bing)應在隱(yin)(yin)檢(jian)、預檢(jian)中(zhong)查穿(chuan)墻螺(luo)栓、設備管道、施工縫(feng)及位于(yu)防水(shui)混凝土結構中(zhong)的預埋件(jian)是否已(yi)做好防水(shui)處理(li);提(ti)前編制施工方案;配合(he)比經試驗確定。

1.1.2材料要求(qiu)

水泥(ni)(ni):應(ying)(ying)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)32.5級的(de)硅(gui)酸(suan)鹽水泥(ni)(ni)、普通硅(gui)酸(suan)鹽水泥(ni)(ni),也可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)礦(kuang)渣硅(gui)酸(suan)鹽水泥(ni)(ni);砂子:應(ying)(ying)該(gai)用(yong)中砂,含(han)泥(ni)(ni)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)3%,泥(ni)(ni)塊含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)得大(da)于(yu)1.0%;石子:應(ying)(ying)該(gai)用(yong)卵石,最大(da)粒徑為5~40mm,含(han)泥(ni)(ni)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)1.0%,泥(ni)(ni)塊含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)得太大(da);摻和料:其摻量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)由實驗確定,等級符合規范要求。

1.2瀝青防水卷材

瀝青防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)是用原(yuan)紙,纖維織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等胎體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)滲涂瀝青,表(biao)面(mian)撒布粉狀(zhuang),粒粉或片狀(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)制成的(de)(de)可以卷(juan)(juan)曲(qu)的(de)(de)片狀(zhuang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。石油(you)瀝青紙胎是我(wo)國傳統(tong)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),目(mu)前在屋面(mian)工(gong)程中仍然(ran)占主要地(di)(di)位(wei)。它具有(you)低(di)溫柔性(xing)好,防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)耐用年限短,價(jia)格(ge)低(di)的(de)(de)特性(xing)。在地(di)(di)下(xia)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)施工(gong)時,當地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)較(jiao)高時,鋪(pu)貼防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)前應(ying)該降低(di)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui),地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)到防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)底標高下(xia)30cm,并保(bao)持到防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)施工(gong)完成;鋪(pu)貼防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)基層(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)面(mian)應(ying)將塵土雜物(wu)(wu)清掃干(gan)凈,表(biao)面(mian)殘留(liu)的(de)(de)灰漿硬(ying)塊及突出(chu)部分應(ying)該清除(chu)干(gan)凈,不(bu)得有(you)空(kong)鼓(gu)、開裂、起(qi)砂和脫皮的(de)(de)現象;防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)所用的(de)(de)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)、基層(ceng)(ceng)處理(li)劑、屬于易燃物(wu)(wu)品,應(ying)該單(dan)獨(du)存(cun)放,遠(yuan)離火(huo)源,做(zuo)好防(fang)(fang)火(huo)工(gong)作。卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)要求必須(xu)(xu)符合(he)規范(fan),必須(xu)(xu)有(you)出(chu)廠(chang)質(zhi)量合(he)格(ge)證,有(you)相應(ying)資質(zhi)等級檢(jian)測(ce)部門出(chu)具的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)報告。卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)空(kong)鼓(gu),發生在找平(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)與卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)之間,且多(duo)在卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)接縫處,其原(yuan)因(yin)是找平(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)干(gan)燥(zao),汗水(shui)(shui)(shui)率大,空(kong)氣排除(chu)不(bu)徹底,卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)沒有(you)粘結(jie)牢(lao)固。

1.3涂(tu)膜防水材料

合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材料(liao)(liao)是以(yi)(yi)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橡膠或(huo)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樹脂(zhi)為主(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膜(mo)物(wu)質,加入其他輔助材料(liao)(liao)配(pei)制(zhi)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)單組(zu)份或(huo)多組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)。與常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)相比,顯得(de)比較新型。涂(tu)(tu)刷在(zai)(zai)基層(ceng)表面(mian)后,經過溶(rong)劑的(de)(de)揮發(fa)(fa)或(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)蒸發(fa)(fa)或(huo)各組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)間(jian)的(de)(de)化學反應(ying),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堅韌的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膜(mo),起到(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)潮的(de)(de)作用(yong)。涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)完整(zheng)、沒(mei)有接縫、自重輕、施(shi)工(gong)簡單方便、易(yi)于(yu)修補、使(shi)用(yong)壽命長的(de)(de)特(te)點。如果防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)配(pei)合密封灌(guan)縫材料(liao)(liao)使(shi)用(yong),可以(yi)(yi)增強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性能(neng),有效防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止滲漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),延(yan)長防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)耐(nai)用(yong)期限。由(you)于(yu)雙組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen).多組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)聚(ju)氨(an)脂(zhi)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)含有大(da)量有機溶(rong)劑,對環境污(wu)染嚴重,在(zai)(zai)某(mou)些方面(mian)遭到(dao)禁止使(shi)用(yong),因此使(shi)用(yong)單組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)聚(ju)氨(an)脂(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao),這類涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)是以(yi)(yi)聚(ju)醚為主(zhu)要(yao)原料(liao)(liao),配(pei)以(yi)(yi)各種助劑制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),屬于(yu)無有機溶(rong)劑揮發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)單組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)柔性涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao),其固體(ti)含量低(di)強(qiang)度高(gao)延(yan)伸率大(da)于(yu)80%,拉伸強(qiang)度大(da)于(yu)1.9%。涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)操(cao)作過程中,操(cao)作人員要(yao)穿(chuan)平底鞋作業。涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)工(gong)時,不得(de)污(wu)染其他部位的(de)(de)墻地(di)面(mian)。涂(tu)(tu)膜(mo)層(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)后,要(yao)嚴格加以(yi)(yi)保(bao)護,任(ren)何人不得(de)進入,也不得(de)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)面(mian)堆(dui)放雜(za)物(wu),以(yi)(yi)免(mian)損(sun)壞防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)護層(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)時,不得(de)在(zai)(zai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)上(shang)拌砂漿(jiang),鋪(pu)砂漿(jiang)時鐵棒不得(de)觸及(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng),要(yao)精工(gong)細作,不得(de)損(sun)壞防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)。

2.建筑防水工(gong)程施工(gong)技術(shu)要點

2.1分格(ge)縫的設(she)置技術

分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)應(ying)設置在屋(wu)面(mian)板(ban)的支承端,屋(wu)面(mian)轉折處(chu)、防(fang)水層(ceng)與(yu)(yu)突(tu)出(chu)屋(wu)面(mian)的交接(jie)處(chu),并(bing)應(ying)與(yu)(yu)屋(wu)面(mian)板(ban)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)對齊(qi),使防(fang)水層(ceng)因溫差的影響(xiang),砼干縮結構變形(xing)等因素(su)造成的防(fang)水層(ceng)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng),集中到(dao)分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)處(chu),以免板(ban)面(mian)開(kai)裂(lie)。分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的設置間距不宜過(guo)大(da),當(dang)大(da)于6m時,應(ying)在中部設一"v"形(xing)分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng),分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)深度宜貫穿整(zheng)個防(fang)水層(ceng)厚(hou)度。當(dang)分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)兼作(zuo)排氣道時,縫(feng)(feng)(feng)可適當(dang)加(jia)寬,并(bing)設排氣孔出(chu)氣,當(dang)屋(wu)面(mian)采(cai)用(yong)石油(you)、瀝青(qing)、油(you)氈作(zuo)防(fang)水層(ceng)時,分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)處(chu)應(ying)加(jia)200mm~300mm寬的油(you)氈,用(yong)瀝青(qing)膠單邊點(dian)貼,分(fen)格(ge)(ge)(ge)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)內嵌填滿油(you)膏。

2.2屋(wu)面(mian)找平層技(ji)術

屋(wu)面采(cai)用(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)坡與結(jie)(jie)構找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)坡相結(jie)(jie)合的做(zuo)法。先按3%的結(jie)(jie)構找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)坡后,再在結(jie)(jie)構層上用(yong)1:6水(shui)泥(ni)爐(lu)渣或水(shui)泥(ni)膨脹(zhang)砼石找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)坡,再做(zuo)25mm厚1:2.5水(shui)泥(ni)砂漿找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)平層,建(jian)筑(zhu)找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)坡時,一定(ding)(ding)要找(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)準泛水(shui)坡度,流水(shui)方向,將最高(gao)點(dian)與泄(xie)水(shui)口之間(jian)用(yong)魚線(xian)拉(la)直、打(da)點(dian)、打(da)巴、泄(xie)水(shui)口處厚度不得低于30mm。澆砌時,一定(ding)(ding)要用(yong)滾筒和尺方滾、壓趕、使(shi)其(qi)密實(shi)。

2.3屋面隔離層技術

在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)中因(yin)地制宜,取(qu)長補短,把面(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)這(zhe)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)二布(bu)三油卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)做在(zai)找平層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)剛性層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之間,既起了(le)隔(ge)離層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)作用(yong)(yong),又(you)不(bu)被(bei)日曬(shai)雨淋,既防(fang)(fang)止油膏老化(hua),又(you)起了(le)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)作用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)做卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)施(shi)工(gong)時,應注意(yi)基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)涂刮基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)處(chu)理劑,要(yao)求薄而均勻,一般(ban)干(gan)燥(zao)后(hou),當不(bu)粘(zhan)手(shou)才(cai)能鋪(pu)貼(tie)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai);卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)鋪(pu)貼(tie)一般(ban)應由層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)最低標高處(chu)向上(shang)(shang)平行屋(wu)脊施(shi)工(gong),使卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)按水(shui)流方(fang)向搭接(jie)(jie)(jie),當屋(wu)面(mian)坡度大于10%時,卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)應垂直于屋(wu)脊方(fang)向鋪(pu)貼(tie);鋪(pu)貼(tie)方(fang)法:剝(bo)開(kai)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)脊面(mian)的(de)隔(ge)離紙(zhi),將卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)粘(zhan)貼(tie)于基層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)表面(mian),卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)長邊(bian)搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)保(bao)持50mm,短邊(bian)搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)保(bao)70mm,卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)要(yao)求保(bao)持自(zi)然松弛狀(zhuang)態,不(bu)要(yao)拉得過緊(jin),卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鋪(pu)妥后(hou),應立即用(yong)(yong)平面(mian)振動(dong)器全面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi),垂直部位用(yong)(yong)橡膠(jiao)榔頭(tou)敲實(shi);卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)粘(zhan)結:卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)后(hou),將搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)部位掀(xian)開(kai),用(yong)(yong)油漆刷(shua)將搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)劑均勻涂刷(shua),在(zai)掀(xian)開(kai)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)之兩(liang)個粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)面(mian),涂后(hou)干(gan)燥(zao)片刻(ke)手(shou)感不(bu)粘(zhan)時,即可進行粘(zhan)合,再(zai)用(yong)(yong)橡膠(jiao)榔頭(tou)敲壓(ya)(ya)密(mi)實(shi),以(yi)(yi)免開(kai)縫造成漏水(shui);防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)溫度選擇5℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)為宜。

3.建筑防水工(gong)程的質量控制

加強防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)現場材料質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的質(zhi)量(liang)監控力度(du)(du),“十二五”期(qi)間要在一些有條件的地區(qu)和一些重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實行防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)保證(zheng)期(qi)制度(du)(du),讓防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的直接(jie)責任(ren)方(fang)(fang)承擔(dan)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)保修(xiu)費用(yong)(yong)和連帶(dai)的賠償(chang)責任(ren),使(shi)我國的建(jian)(jian)筑防(fang)(fang)水(shui)技術發(fa)展和進步建(jian)(jian)立在可(ke)靠的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)基礎上。在健全防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)專項驗(yan)收制度(du)(du)的同時,要強調防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)管理(li)維(wei)(wei)護的重(zhong)要性(xing)和必要性(xing)。保修(xiu)期(qi)內防(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)雖然由(you)(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)負責,但要分清是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)責任(ren)還是使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)不當(dang)責任(ren),其維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)費用(yong)(yong)及賠償(chang)費用(yong)(yong)由(you)(you)負責方(fang)(fang)負責。同時,鼓勵(li)新型建(jian)(jian)筑防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材料在工(gong)(gong)業和民用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑中得到廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)。

4.結語

總(zong)而(er)言之(zhi),防(fang)水(shui)工程是一(yi)項系統工程,首先(xian)要了解防(fang)水(shui)材料(liao)的(de)(de)特性,其次要清楚(chu)該(gai)種防(fang)水(shui)材料(liao)的(de)(de)施工工藝,最后是必須(xu)嚴(yan)格按照設計及(ji)(ji)相關規范的(de)(de)細節進行施工,以(yi)滿(man)足建筑物(wu)及(ji)(ji)構筑物(wu)的(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)耐用(yong)年限(xian),實現防(fang)水(shui)工程的(de)(de)高(gao)質量及(ji)(ji)良好的(de)(de)綜合效益。

參考文獻:

篇5

【關鍵詞】防水(shui)工(gong)程;增(zeng)強層(ceng)

增(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng)是指(zhi)對防水(shui)設防中的(de)薄弱節(jie)點作(zuo)增(zeng)強(qiang)處(chu)理的(de)層(ceng)次,《屋面工程技術規范》中提到增(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng)有卷材增(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng)、涂膜增(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng)和密封增(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng),需增(zeng)強(qiang)部(bu)位(wei)有:陰陽(yang)角(jiao)、板端(duan)縫(feng)、天溝、檐溝、水(shui)落口、過(guo)水(shui)孔、排水(shui)口、防水(shui)層(ceng)收頭(tou)、出入口、穿過(guo)防水(shui)層(ceng)管(guan)道、壓(ya)頂、分格縫(feng)、后(hou)澆縫(feng)、樁頭(tou)、排水(shui)溝、集(ji)水(shui)坑、門窗框、腰線、設施(shi)基座、結構混(hun)凝土的(de)裂縫(feng)等(deng)。

根據結構和選材,增(zeng)強層設置可有下述幾種作法。

1 陰陽角

屋面(mian)(mian)的(de)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)立面(mian)(mian)交(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)處、地(di)下(xia)室(shi)底面(mian)(mian)與(yu)墻面(mian)(mian)內外交(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)處、檐口與(yu)天(tian)(tian)溝交(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)處、天(tian)(tian)溝轉角(jiao)(jiao)處、兩(liang)個立面(mian)(mian)轉角(jiao)(jiao)處形成陰陽角(jiao)(jiao)。這(zhe)些部(bu)位常由于混凝土、砂(sha)漿干縮和溫差(cha)變(bian)形產(chan)生應力集中(zhong)導(dao)致開裂,有些裂縫寬度可(ke)擴(kuo)展到5mm。陰陽角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)層可(ke)采用(yong)卷(juan)材(cai)條(tiao),即在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)處鋪(pu)貼(tie)(tie)1層100~150mm寬的(de)卷(juan)材(cai)條(tiao)予(yu)以(yi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)。但(dan)由于卷(juan)材(cai)較硬(ying)挺(ting),在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)處難以(yi)鋪(pu)平(ping)、鋪(pu)實,往往采用(yong)涂料(liao)加(jia)(jia)增(zeng)強(qiang)胎(tai)(tai)體(ti)布(bu)作為(wei)增(zeng)強(qiang)層,即在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)處涂150~200mm寬、厚(hou)1~2mm的(de)加(jia)(jia)胎(tai)(tai)體(ti)的(de)涂層。胎(tai)(tai)體(ti)鋪(pu)貼(tie)(tie)時(shi)切忌拉緊,應松弛(chi)不皺。在(zai)(zai)3面(mian)(mian)交(jiao)(jiao)角(jiao)(jiao)處采用(yong)涂料(liao)增(zeng)強(qiang),效(xiao)果(guo)就更(geng)好了。

2 板端縫

屋面(mian)、樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)支承端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)稱板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。不管是現澆(jiao)還是裝配結構板(ban)(ban),由(you)于(yu)荷載作用產(chan)生(sheng)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)負彎矩,板(ban)(ban)面(mian)下撓而板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)上部裂(lie)開,再加上混凝土、砂漿的(de)(de)干縮和溫差變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)影響,會使(shi)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。裝配式板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)更(geng)為明顯,根據(ju)推算,6m大型(xing)屋面(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)將產(chan)生(sheng)12mm左右的(de)(de)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng),實地(di)調查中5~8mm的(de)(de)預制大型(xing)屋面(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)是常見的(de)(de)。現澆(jiao)結構板(ban)(ban)由(you)于(yu)鋼筋連(lian)續,裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)要小得(de)多,但一(yi)般二(er)三年(nian)后都能發現可見的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。因此,板(ban)(ban)端(duan)(duan)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)增(zeng)強層應有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)適應基層變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)能力,可采用以下方法處理(li):

2.1 卷材增強層

采(cai)用卷材作(zuo)增強層應采(cai)取(qu)空鋪的(de)方(fang)法。可采(cai)用200~300mm寬(kuan)、1.2mm厚的(de)高分子卷材或3mm厚改(gai)性瀝青卷材單邊點粘在(zai)板(ban)端處(chu),或用壓敏型粘結劑,然(ran)后鋪貼大面積防水層。

2.2 涂膜增強(qiang)層(ceng)

采用加胎(tai)體(ti)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)增強(qiang)層,涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)可(ke)采用與大(da)面(mian)積防(fang)水(shui)層相容的(de)高(gao)分子涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)或聚合物改(gai)性瀝青涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)。其(qi)作(zuo)法是,在板端縫處200~300mm寬范圍先(xian)涂(tu)(tu)刷(shua)隔離層150~250mm(如石(shi)灰水(shui)、石(shi)蠟(la)或壓(ya)敏型抗(kang)裂膠(jiao)),干燥后(hou)逐層涂(tu)(tu)刷(shua)防(fang)水(shui)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao),鋪(pu)設胎(tai)體(ti),一般一布三涂(tu)(tu)或二布四涂(tu)(tu),然后(hou)再施(shi)工大(da)面(mian)積防(fang)水(shui)層。

3 屋(wu)面(mian)天(tian)溝(gou)、檐口

天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)、檐(yan)溝(gou)(gou)和檐(yan)口處(chu)不但(dan)容易變(bian)形,而(er)且受雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴重沖刷(shua),溝(gou)(gou)中(zhong)也(ye)常(chang)常(chang)因長期積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、干濕交(jiao)替而(er)對(dui)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)造成嚴重破壞。很(hen)多(duo)工程的(de)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng),首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)中(zhong)或(huo)溝(gou)(gou)沿防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)提早失效(xiao)而(er)發生滲漏,因此(ci)應在(zai)這(zhe)些部位(wei)作(zuo)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng)。由(you)于天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)平面多(duo)變(bian),施工工作(zuo)面小,采用卷材是(shi)(shi)很(hen)不利的(de),當(dang)今許(xu)多(duo)設(she)計以涂膜(mo)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)予以配(pei)套,這(zhe)完全是(shi)(shi)正確的(de)。對(dui)于天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)、檐(yan)溝(gou)(gou)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)落口處(chu)一般都(dou)作(zuo)涂膜(mo)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang),有一布三涂和二布四涂作(zuo)法,即在(zai)天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)交(jiao)角處(chu)或(huo)者(zhe)整個天(tian)溝(gou)(gou)和檐(yan)口先涂涂料(liao),再(zai)鋪(pu)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)胎體,再(zai)涂涂料(liao)1~2mm厚;在(zai)檐(yan)口處(chu),構件斷面形狀(zhuang)復雜,可采取增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)空(kong)鋪(pu)層(ceng)處(chu)理,或(huo)先涂隔(ge)離劑或(huo)壓(ya)敏型抗(kang)裂膠后再(zai)作(zuo)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)層(ceng)。

4 水落(luo)口、地漏、過水孔

這些部位處(chu)在(zai)(zai)兩種材(cai)(cai)料交接(jie)處(chu),由于混凝土(tu)和(he)砂漿干縮和(he)兩種材(cai)(cai)料的脹縮不同(tong),會使水(shui)落口、地漏(lou)、過水(shui)孔的周邊(bian)產(chan)生裂縫(feng)。另外(wai)它也是雨水(shui)集(ji)中且(qie)容易積水(shui)的部位,而且(qie)所處(chu)位置工作面狹小,施工工序又多,施工質量難以(yi)保證(zheng)。根據節點設防原則,應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)多道設防和(he)節點密封處(chu)理(li),所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)落口、漏(lou)斗和(he)套管的周邊(bian),預(yu)留10mm。

5 防水層收頭

柔性(xing)(xing)柔性(xing)(xing)防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)的末端(卷材(cai)(cai)和涂(tu)(tu)膜)收頭(tou)處(chu),由于防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)的收縮,再經雨水(shui)和風力作用,常常提前翹(qiao)邊、脫層(ceng),在大面防(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)之前滲漏。因此規(gui)范規(gui)定在卷材(cai)(cai)收頭(tou)處(chu)必須用壓條釘(ding)壓固定,再用密封(feng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)封(feng)口;在磚泛水(shui)處(chu)預留凹槽,收頭(tou)壓入(ru)槽中(zhong),再用水(shui)泥(ni)砂漿保(bao)護;混凝(ning)土(tu)泛水(shui)處(chu)理,收頭(tou)上部要(yao)用卷材(cai)(cai)或金屬(shu)覆蓋保(bao)護;涂(tu)(tu)膜的收頭(tou),則要(yao)求每遍(bian)涂(tu)(tu)膜層(ceng)錯(cuo)開(kai),不(bu)可(ke)集中(zhong)于一處(chu)。

6 穿過(guo)防水層(ceng)的管(guan)道和預(yu)埋件

由于管道(dao)或預埋件(jian)(jian)和(he)周(zhou)圍(wei)混凝土脹縮系數的不同,在管道(dao)和(he)預埋件(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍(wei)就會開裂發生滲水。因此抹找平層時管道(dao)根部(bu)應高出屋面(mian)并(bing)增設二布五涂的涂膜附加層。

地(di)下室(shi)及水池穿過(guo)防水層的管道(dao)周(zhou)圍應留槽并用(yong)密封(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)密封(feng),管子中(zhong)部加1圈遇水膨脹橡膠(jiao)(jiao)條(tiao)。

7 屋面出入口

屋面出(chu)入口因(yin)人們(men)活動頻繁會造成提早(zao)破損,出(chu)入口處防水(shui)層收頭(tou)應處理妥(tuo)貼,除外(wai),應適當作增強層,并要求(qiu)表面作保(bao)護(hu)層,如水(shui)泥(ni)砂漿保(bao)護(hu)層等。

8 壓頂

壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)處(chu)于(yu)屋面的最(zui)高處(chu),直接暴(bao)露(lu)于(yu)自然(ran)環境中,受(shou)氣候影響大(da),受(shou)整(zheng)個縱(zong)向墻(qiang)體溫差(cha)、結(jie)構受(shou)力(li)變形及(ji)墻(qiang)體混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)與砂漿干(gan)縮變形的影響也(ye)很大(da),因此即使是(shi)(shi)(shi)配筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),其橫向裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)可(ke)避免的。一(yi)般在3~5年內裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)均會明顯地開展,配筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),在5~8m之內就會有1條(tiao)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)開展,不(bu)配筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)在1m左(zuo)右就有1條(tiao)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。雨水(shui)(shui)順裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)到(dao)墻(qiang)內,繞過防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)漏(lou)到(dao)室內,所(suo)以壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)必須作柔性材料增(zeng)強層(ceng)。一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)作在壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)下,如果選材不(bu)當,可(ke)能會造成壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)與女兒墻(qiang)分層(ceng),目前只有聚(ju)合(he)(he)物水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)基涂料和聚(ju)合(he)(he)物水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿可(ke)以用于(yu)此處(chu)防(fang)水(shui)(shui);另一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)將防(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)作在壓(ya)(ya)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)上面,采取卷材粘(zhan)貼或用涂料涂刷

9 分格縫

為避免(mian)剛(gang)性防水層(ceng)(ceng)或(huo)找平層(ceng)(ceng)干縮和(he)溫差造成開裂而預(yu)先(xian)設(she)置分(fen)格縫(feng),分(fen)格縫(feng)有全分(fen)格、半(ban)分(fen)格(誘(you)導縫(feng))、埋置塑料模(mo)條分(fen)格等,作用是將塊(kuai)體(ti)的變形集中于縫(feng)中。縫(feng)的大(da)小隨(sui)時(shi)間經(jing)常(chang)在(zai)變化,因此必須在(zai)縫(feng)中嵌填(tian)高性能(neng)彈性密封材料,表(biao)面再用涂料加胎(tai)體(ti)覆蓋。

10 樁頭

當地下防(fang)水(shui)為柔(rou)性(xing)迎水(shui)面防(fang)水(shui)并且(qie)有樁(zhuang)基礎的工程,柔(rou)性(xing)防(fang)水(shui)到(dao)樁(zhuang)身(shen)處只能斷開,樁(zhuang)頭(tou)處就(jiu)會(hui)形成滲(shen)水(shui)通(tong)道。樁(zhuang)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆至樁(zhuang)頭(tou)時,往往砂漿較多,毛細孔豐富,鑿樁(zhuang)頭(tou)時,混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)受振動作用,細裂紋很多,所以樁(zhuang)頭(tou)是地下室滲(shen)漏的一個通(tong)道,因此必須進行防(fang)水(shui)和密封處理(li)。

11 后澆帶

為了克服(fu)建筑物溫差伸縮或(huo)沉(chen)降引起建筑物開裂,往(wang)往(wang)設(she)置變形縫;不設(she)置時(shi)采用后(hou)澆帶(dai)(dai)技術。當施(shi)(shi)工原因(yin)和技術要求不能滿足后(hou)澆帶(dai)(dai)的施(shi)(shi)工要求時(shi),往(wang)往(wang)在后(hou)澆帶(dai)(dai)與原混凝土(tu)間出現收縮裂縫而(er)導致漏水(shui)。因(yin)此(ci)在施(shi)(shi)工后(hou)澆帶(dai)(dai)時(shi),對后(hou)澆縫兩側要進行增強防水(shui)處理。一(yi)般(ban)作(zuo)法,在迎水(shui)面(mian)作(zuo)表面(mian)增強處理或(huo)在縫中部(bu)埋止水(shui)帶(dai)(dai)或(huo)遇水(shui)膨脹橡膠止水(shui)條。

12 排水溝(gou)、坑(keng)及室內廚浴(yu)間

在(zai)溝坑(keng)(keng)的(de)交角處是最易(yi)發生(sheng)開裂的(de)部位。地面與溝、坑(keng)(keng)的(de)交角處,有蓋板時的(de)凹槽處常(chang)因形狀(zhuang)復雜(za)而發生(sheng)質量問題,因此在(zai)這些部位應(ying)作增強層(ceng)處理。一般增強層(ceng)為(wei)一布三涂(tu),因室內地溝和坑(keng)(keng)基層(ceng)形狀(zhuang)復雜(za),應(ying)采用(yong)涂(tu)料(liao)防水,不宜用(yong)卷材。

13 門窗框周(zhou)邊和(he)腰線

外門(men)窗(chuang)框(kuang)的(de)周邊是漏(lou)水(shui)的(de)主(zhu)要點,腰線(xian)的(de)上下(xia)部位也都是容易開裂(lie)處。因此要進行密封(feng)材(cai)料防水(shui)增強處理,即在門(men)窗(chuang)框(kuang)與(yu)墻間留凹槽,填嵌高彈(dan)性密封(feng)膠(jiao),腰線(xian)上下(xia)交角處應作(zuo)較(jiao)大圓(yuan)角和(he)向外的(de)坡度,涂刷透(tou)明(ming)防水(shui)膠(jiao)增強。

14 屋面上設備基座(zuo)

在屋面防水層(ceng)上(shang)安裝設備時,應(ying)在防水層(ceng)上(shang)作隔離層(ceng)后(hou)澆筑(zhu)細混(hun)凝土保護層(ceng),視設備質量決(jue)定其(qi)厚度,但不(bu)應(ying)小于30mm。

篇6

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞:建筑施工(gong);防水防滲;施工(gong)枝術

在(zai)城市發展中(zhong),城市自身的(de)(de)居住(zhu)環(huan)境收到了(le)人們的(de)(de)普遍關注(zhu),如何滿足人們對(dui)于建(jian)筑住(zhu)宅的(de)(de)實際(ji)需求,避免(mian)滲(shen)水問(wen)題的(de)(de)出(chu)現,就要提(ti)升對(dui)建(jian)筑施工(gong)過程中(zhong)防水防滲(shen)透施工(gong)技術的(de)(de)重(zhong)視,只(zhi)有這(zhe)樣才(cai)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)根本(ben)上(shang)解決此種問(wen)題,有效(xiao)的(de)(de)提(ti)升人們的(de)(de)生活質量與整(zheng)體(ti)水平。

一、建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)中出現滲漏的影響因素

(一)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)素影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)前期,要對(dui)其(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),這對(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。在(zai)(zai)對(dui)其(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),要對(dui)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結構進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析探(tan)究,對(dui)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要點進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)明確,通(tong)過(guo)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據分析探(tan)究,提升整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)謹性,進(jin)(jin)而避(bi)免建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成滲(shen)漏(lou)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)。(二)材(cai)料(liao)因(yin)素影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。首先,大部分施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業為了提升自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益,在(zai)(zai)實踐中(zhong)為了減(jian)少(shao)其(qi)(qi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)費(fei)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)支出(chu),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)相關材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)對(dui)其(qi)(qi)質量缺(que)乏(fa)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控,導(dao)致(zhi)一些劣質材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應用,這種問(wen)(wen)題對(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)帶(dai)來了嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果,導(dao)致(zhi)各種質量問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)就涵蓋(gai)了滲(shen)漏(lou)問(wen)(wen)題;同時,在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)對(dui)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理不到位,導(dao)致(zhi)各種建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安全隱患(huan)等(deng)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)。(三)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術因(yin)素影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。在(zai)(zai)相關建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術對(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)質量帶(dai)來了影(ying)(ying)響(xiang),相關施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術應用中(zhong)與既(ji)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準不相符導(dao)致(zhi)各種滲(shen)漏(lou)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian);同時又因(yin)為整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序較為復(fu)雜(za)繁(fan)瑣,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作人(ren)員及時水準缺(que)乏(fa)標(biao)準,缺(que)乏(fa)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)意識等(deng)因(yin)素都會導(dao)致(zhi)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)各種滲(shen)漏(lou)問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻繁(fan)發。

二、建(jian)筑施(shi)工中防水防滲施(shi)工技術(shu)

(一)、建(jian)(jian)筑屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)來說有著重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理,著重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)技術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃(hua),保(bao)留(liu)(liu)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間當(dang)做(zuo)(zuo)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng),提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)規范(fan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式與(yu)策略,做(zuo)(zuo)好相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)澆筑振搗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)束之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)混凝(ning)土(tu)做(zuo)(zuo)好相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)養護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)鋼筋收(shou)到(dao)擠壓產生(sheng)(sheng)變形等問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)找平層(ceng)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)隔縫(feng)(feng)位置進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)置,提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)清潔衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)因(yin)為(wei)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大導(dao)(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)開(kai)(kai)裂等相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具有高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)性能高(gao)(gao)、吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)材(cai),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)空氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動性,提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。(二(er))、外(wai)墻滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)圖(tu)紙對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)各種(zhong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)一些(xie)細節問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)起到(dao)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視,提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)外(wai)墻滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各種(zhong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)。首(shou)先(xian),做(zuo)(zuo)好原材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一般狀況之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)空心磚等材(cai)質(zhi)交清的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)因(yin)為(wei)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)自(zi)身(shen)承受鞥能力較(jiao)大出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti);其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)澆筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一些(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)熱化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混凝(ning)土(tu),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)為(wei)溫(wen)度(du)與(yu)濕度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)因(yin)素影響導(dao)(dao)致裂縫(feng)(feng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng);對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)裂紋(wen)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)處(chu)理不就;避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各種(zhong)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian);同(tong)時(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)外(wai)墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平穩(wen)性,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)與(yu)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。最后(hou)(hou),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)墻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)預留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)洞以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)腳手(shou)眼施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)(liu)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)隙(xi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)抹(mo)灰施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系統(tong)處(chu)理,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)微膨(peng)脹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥攪(jiao)拌(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂漿或者混凝(ning)土(tu)賭氣進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)封堵。(三(san)(san))、門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。究其(qi)(qi)(qi)原因(yin)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)就是因(yin)為(wei)材(cai)質(zhi)與(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)材(cai)質(zhi)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控制與(yu)管理,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各種(zhong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)貨比三(san)(san)家,擇(ze)優(you)選(xuan)擇(ze);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配件,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)填塞處(chu)理,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)各種(zhong)裂縫(feng)(feng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti),提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)質(zhi)量(liang)與(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)果。進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解決過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)框以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)間相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視,提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理質(zhi)量(liang),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)。嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)規定(ding),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)框與(yu)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)寬度(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2-3厘米范(fan)圍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)填充過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好質(zhi)量(liang)監測。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嵌縫(feng)(feng)膏在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)周邊(bian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)有5-8毫米深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凹槽,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而保(bao)障(zhang)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)。(四)、廚(chu)衛(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),廚(chu)衛(wei)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)較(jiao)大,其(qi)(qi)(qi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)為(wei)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各種(zhong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)下幾點開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo):首(shou)先(xian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)(qian)期(qi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)析選(xuan)擇(ze),保(bao)障(zhang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)量(liang);其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)廚(chu)衛(wei)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)墻面(mian)(mian)(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聚氨醋防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效(xiao)(xiao)果;加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡度(du)設(she)(she)計,增強整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效(xiao)(xiao)果;最后(hou)(hou)就是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)管道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)密封工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),根據(ju)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)規定(ding)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)漏(lou)(lou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)調試(shi),保(bao)障(zhang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)性與(yu)合理性;對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)廚(chu)衛(wei)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)裝(zhuang)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)造成破壞(huai),導(dao)(dao)致整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)漏(lou)(lou)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。

在(zai)建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)開展中,要提升對(dui)(dui)防(fang)水防(fang)滲工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)重視,提升其(qi)整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作質(zhi)量(liang)與效果,增強建筑整(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。在(zai)實踐中,因為具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較多,對(dui)(dui)此要加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)相(xiang)(xiang)關部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水防(fang)滲施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操作,科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)應用相(xiang)(xiang)關技術,基于不同部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體特征(zheng),有針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)應用相(xiang)(xiang)關措施(shi)(shi)手段(duan),進而提升其(qi)整(zheng)體質(zhi)量(liang)。

作者:劉(liu)樹 單位:海(hai)南海(hai)口

篇7

胡俊帥

中天建設集團有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)東北分公(gong)司(si)(si), 遼寧 沈陽 110000

摘要:隨著建筑施工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)不斷增(zeng)加(jia),質量(liang)越(yue)來越(yue)成(cheng)為人們關(guan)注的(de)(de)熱點,工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)施工(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)好壞直接(jie)關(guan)系到施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在市場競爭(zheng)中的(de)(de)優勢。目(mu)前在我國當前

的建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)中,滲漏已成(cheng)為建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的通病,其不僅建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)的經(jing)濟效益和社會(hui)效益造成(cheng)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度的影響,同時也會(hui)使人們的財產受到一(yi)定(ding)的損(sun)害。所以

長期以來,施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)加大了(le)對(dui)防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)(shen)技術(shu)的研究。現(xian)(xian)首先對(dui)建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)(shen)施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu)進行了(le)說(shuo)明(ming),然(ran)后對(dui)建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)中較為常出現(xian)(xian)滲(shen)(shen)漏的部(bu)位進行了(le)分析,

并進(jin)一步對建筑施工中(zhong)防(fang)水防(fang)滲施工技術的(de)應(ying)用進(jin)行了闡述。

關鍵詞:建筑施工(gong);防(fang)水;防(fang)滲;施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)

引言

隨著城市(shi)化步伐(fa)日益加快,城市(shi)住宅居住環境越來越受到(dao)人(ren)們的重視,

人們更加追求(qiu)高舒適(shi)度(du)的住宅環境。但(dan)近年來,滲水漏水現象頻(pin)發,對人

們的(de)(de)居住(zhu)造成(cheng)了不必要的(de)(de)麻煩。高層住(zhu)宅的(de)(de)頂樓滲水(shui)漏水(shui)問題,對人們日

常(chang)生活影(ying)響更加嚴重,尤其是陰(yin)天下雨(yu)時,頂(ding)樓防水問(wen)題(ti)已經成為頂(ding)層住

戶(hu)的心理陰影。在近年來的建筑質量投訴(su)中,滲水漏水一直(zhi)是投訴(su)最(zui)多的

質量(liang)問(wen)題。所以在(zai)建筑物施工(gong)及使用時人們對這個問(wen)題則越(yue)來越(yue)關心,因

為這不僅(jin)影響到建筑物的美觀和實用(yong)性,同時也會給使用(yong)人(ren)造成不同程(cheng)度

的財產損失。這就(jiu)需要建(jian)筑施工中要嚴(yan)加(jia)控制質量,對于防水防滲工作更(geng)

加進行嚴格(ge)的控制,使其成(cheng)為建筑施(shi)工過程中(zhong)保證質量(liang)的重中(zhong)之重。

1 建筑施(shi)工中出(chu)現(xian)滲漏的影(ying)響因素

1.1 設計因素

在對建(jian)筑進行施工之前(qian),首先要開展設計工作,這是工程施工前(qian)十分

重要的(de)環節。在(zai)進行設計時(shi),首先(xian)要對建筑的(de)整(zheng)體結構進行仔細的(de)研究,

把握(wo)好整體設(she)計(ji)要點,并對相關數據(ju)進行分析,只有保證設(she)計(ji)工作的嚴(yan)謹,

才能(neng)避免建(jian)筑工程出現(xian)滲(shen)漏(lou)的情況。

1.2 材料因素

一方(fang)面,部分(fen)施工企業為(wei)了自身(shen)利(li)益(yi),減少(shao)費(fei)用的支(zhi)出,在(zai)選購(gou)材料(liao)

時對其質量沒有(you)進(jin)行(xing)嚴格把關,導(dao)致大量劣質材(cai)料投入到使(shi)用中去(qu),無論

施(shi)工時如何彌補,也難(nan)以(yi)起(qi)到(dao)預期效(xiao)果(guo)。正因為沒有對工程建筑材(cai)料的質(zhi)

量進(jin)行嚴格把關(guan),從而造成了滲漏問題(ti)的發生;另一方面,是由于施工過

程(cheng)中對質量控制不到(dao)位引起的(de),有的(de)施(shi)工(gong)單位為(wei)了追(zhui)趕工(gong)期,忽(hu)略交接位

置的有效(xiao)處理(li),缺乏必要的養護,使(shi)得建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)留(liu)下很(hen)多安全隱患。

1.3 施工技術因素

在建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)中,施(shi)工(gong)技術(shu)也(ye)會對建(jian)筑質(zhi)量造(zao)成(cheng)一(yi)定的影響(xiang),如果(guo)施(shi)工(gong)

技術達不到要求,也會引(yin)起(qi)滲漏(lou)問題的出現。由于建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)工(gong)序較為

繁瑣,在進(jin)行施工(gong)時,為(wei)了避免出現(xian)滲漏問題(ti),施工(gong)人員的技術水平必(bi)須

達到(dao)相(xiang)關的(de)標準在(zai)我(wo)國從事(shi)建筑工程的(de)多數是外出(chu)打(da)工的(de)農民(min)工,沒有經

過系統科(ke)學的培訓,缺乏責任和(he)規范施工意識(shi),甚至有(you)些施工人(ren)員僅(jin)憑(ping)經

驗(yan)進行操(cao)作,以至于(yu)很多施工(gong)細節出現(xian)問(wen)題(ti),最終導(dao)致滲(shen)漏問(wen)題(ti)的出現(xian)。

2 建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)防水防滲施(shi)工(gong)技術的(de)應用

建筑(zhu)施工中為了保(bao)證施工的(de)質量,做好(hao)防水防滲技術的(de)施工是(shi)非常關

鍵的環(huan)節,這就(jiu)需(xu)要從(cong)防水材料、防滲設計(ji)及加強施工中的質量控制等方

面(mian)入手(shou),從而真正(zheng)的(de)做到(dao)整個建(jian)筑(zhu)工程的(de)防水防滲,使工程的(de)質量得以保

證。

2.1 按(an)照標(biao)準選用新型防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)材料

近些年來隨著科技的(de)發展與(yu)進步,在建筑施工中對于防水防滲漏的(de)材

料也得到了很(hen)大的(de)改進。目(mu)前在建筑材料的(de)市場上(shang)有很(hen)多(duo)的(de)防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)滲漏的(de)

材料,比(bi)如(ru)說高分(fen)子防水型卷材,密封的(de)一些材料以及其它堵漏材料等等。

 面對這樣多(duo)的材料(liao),施工企業要懂得去挑(tiao)選哪些材料(liao)符(fu)合自己施工技術。

在挑選這些(xie)防(fang)水防(fang)滲(shen)材(cai)(cai)料,需要對這些(xie)材(cai)(cai)料的品性有一個深入的了解,并

且明(ming)白它們各自(zi)的優勢以(yi)及(ji)缺(que)點,從而選(xuan)擇(ze)適合的材(cai)料進行施工。在材(cai)料

選(xuan)擇的(de)時候材料部人(ren)員還需(xu)要根據不同的(de)設防道數來進行防水材料厚(hou)度(du)等(deng)

的確認(ren),根據行業(ye)的標準來進行施工(gong),以此來保證(zheng)在材料這(zhe)關的防水防滲

漏效果。

2.2 針對不同(tong)情況進行(xing)防(fang)水防(fang)滲方案(an)設(she)計(ji)

在建筑施工的滲(shen)漏質(zhi)量問題中,我(wo)們可以看出滲(shen)漏點(dian)分(fen)布在建筑的不(bu)

同(tong)部位(wei),所(suo)以(yi)在進行(xing)防滲漏方(fang)案的(de)設計中(zhong)也是要根(gen)據不同(tong)的(de)部位(wei)設置不同(tong)

的防水防滲漏(lou)(lou)的方(fang)案。首先,在(zai)(zai)屋面的防水防滲漏(lou)(lou)施工設計中,建議在(zai)(zai)采(cai)

用(yong)結構找坡的(de)的(de)方式(shi)進(jin)行防水的(de)設計,并且在屋面(mian)的(de)女兒(er)墻(qiang)底部應該采(cai)用(yong)

混凝(ning)土導墻的做法,來使得整個結構比較(jiao)合理(li),有利于防(fang)水防(fang)滲。而在(zai)防(fang)

漏材料(liao)的選用(yong)中則應該選用(yong)那些有(you)合格(ge)證書以及檢測報告的材料(liao)來進行施

工,以(yi)保證(zheng)整個(ge)施工的技術規(gui)格都(dou)在規(gui)定的范圍內(nei)進行;其(qi)次,在外墻的

防水防滲漏方案設(she)計中,建議外墻材料選用那些保溫節能型的材料,以(yi)此

來滿足建筑設計要求。并且在(zai)混凝(ning)土(tu)結(jie)構與墻結(jie)交(jiao)之處最好是(shi)加一層電(dian)焊

網,厚度(du)掌握在300 寬度(du),以此來(lai)保證墻(qiang)體因(yin)為(wei)溫度(du)不開裂的現象。當然

在進行墻體處(chu)理(li)的時候還(huan)需要對一些(xie)應力裂縫(feng)、伸(shen)縮(suo)縫(feng)等進行認真處(chu)理(li),

做到防水等(deng)等(deng);再次,對于廁浴間的滲漏(lou)問題,則(ze)可(ke)以采用下面的一(yi)些方

法。在墻(qiang)面的(de)設(she)計中(zhong),采(cai)用一些防(fang)水的(de)砂漿進行抹灰,在墻(qiang)根與(yu)露(lu)面的(de)交

接處則(ze)用(yong)一些(xie)混凝土進行導墻設計,或者也可以用(yong)一些(xie)防水的(de)砂(sha)漿進行墻

體(ti)的粉刷。最后,在地下(xia)室的防水防滲(shen)是整個(ge)建筑防水的一個(ge)重點。而對

于企(qi)業來講,進行地(di)下(xia)室防水(shui)防滲方(fang)案的設計,則需要在了解(jie)地(di)建筑結(jie)構

強度(du)、剛度(du)以及沉降等問題的基礎上然后再進行防水的設(she)計。

2.3 做好(hao)工(gong)程管理,嚴格按照規范進行防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)滲(shen)漏施工(gong)

在防水(shui)防滲施工中,不(bu)僅要保(bao)證防水(shui)材(cai)料的質量,同(tong)時還要在管理方

面(mian)下足功(gong)夫,從(cong)而保證施工的(de)質量(liang)。施工中(zhong)不僅要做(zuo)好技術方面(mian)的(de)控(kong)制工

作(zuo),同時還要做好管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo),因(yin)為管(guan)理的好壞是保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)質量能否保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)關鍵環

節(jie),所以(yi)在(zai)整個施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中,管理人(ren)員要(yao)充分的發揮其監督和管理職能,

重視監(jian)控其容易發生滲漏(lou)的地方,從而(er)保證(zheng)整個防水工程都處于嚴密的監(jian)

督范(fan)圍(wei)內,使其(qi)保(bao)質保(bao)量的完(wan)成(cheng)。

3 結束語

綜上所述,在(zai)建筑工程中,做好(hao)防(fang)水防(fang)滲(shen)工作是施工中的(de)重要(yao)環節。

由于建(jian)筑施工工序較多,所以要做好各個部分的防(fang)水防(fang)滲施工具有一(yi)定(ding)的

難度,這就需要我們在進行施工(gong)時合理使用防水防滲技術,針對各個部分

的(de)特點采取適(shi)用的(de)施工技術。施工人員也(ye)要不斷提升(sheng)自(zi)身的(de)技術水(shui)平,嚴

格(ge)按照施工(gong)(gong)要求進行操作。做(zuo)好建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的防(fang)水防(fang)滲是施工(gong)(gong)中的關鍵,同

是(shi)也是(shi)保證施(shi)工質量的(de)重(zhong)點,因(yin)此在建筑施(shi)工中,即使防水(shui)防滲施(shi)工完畢

后,也要進行相應的(de)檢(jian)測工(gong)作,從(cong)而對施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量予以確認(ren),對于不(bu)合格(ge)的(de)

地方要(yao)嚴格(ge)進(jin)行補(bu)救(jiu),從而保證建筑的完整性和性能上(shang)的良(liang)好,使客(ke)戶達

到滿意,使建筑施工(gong)企業實現(xian)預期(qi)的經濟(ji)效(xiao)益和社(she)會效(xiao)益。

參考文獻

篇8

關鍵詞:建筑;防水(shui)技術;質(zhi)量;措(cuo)施

0.引言

防水是保證建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程質(zhi)量(liang)的關鍵環節,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)防水施工質(zhi)量(liang)的好壞,極大地(di)影響著整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)以及其使(shi)用功能的實現。本文(wen)將比較詳細地(di)介紹如何(he)進行防水施工。

1.防水施工的(de)幾點經驗

1.1選擇性(xing)能(neng)較好的材料。

通(tong)常(chang)把建(jian)筑防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)劃(hua)分為(wei)柔(rou)性材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)和剛性材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)兩種。柔(rou)性防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)和剛性防(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)相比起(qi)來,有(you)著拉(la)伸強度高、質量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)、施工(gong)(gong)方面的優點,但是(shi)其施工(gong)(gong)技術較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高,操作較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜,耐穿刺性較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差,容(rong)易老(lao)化。在柔(rou)性材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)中,卷材(cai)(cai)(cai)的施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)簡單,效率比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高,且質量相對來說較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)穩(wen)定,但是(shi)其在表面較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜的情況(kuang)下施工(gong)(gong)時難度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大。

1.2材料選(xuan)擇要考(kao)慮(lv)內在需(xu)求(qiu)與外在環境。

充分了解了不(bu)同的(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)性能和特點(dian)之后,還(huan)應該根據建筑物結構類型(xing)、防水(shui)(shui)設計方(fang)案以及(ji)外在的(de)(de)諸如(ru)氣溫、濕(shi)度(du)等多方(fang)面的(de)(de)外在環境條件(jian),選(xuan)擇適合的(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)。只有這樣才能確保所選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)能夠完全(quan)滿足建筑防水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)要求。

1.3材(cai)料選擇要考慮施工條件以及材(cai)料價格(ge)。

在進(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)選擇(ze)的(de)(de)時候除(chu)(chu)了考了以上的(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su),還(huan)(huan)應該(gai)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)考慮(lv)施(shi)工(gong)條件以及(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)價格因(yin)(yin)素(su)。不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)材(cai)(cai)質的(de)(de)性能和價格都(dou)存在著很(hen)大的(de)(de)差異,在實際中的(de)(de)使用使用效果也是不(bu)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)。此外還(huan)(huan)應該(gai)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)考慮(lv)到防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)具體(ti)施(shi)工(gong)條件,因(yin)(yin)為同(tong)(tong)種防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)水(shui)平之下所產生的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)效果是有很(hen)大差別的(de)(de)。選擇(ze)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)除(chu)(chu)了以上幾點外,還(huan)(huan)應該(gai)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)重視(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)層能否適應基層的(de)(de)變形問題。還(huan)(huan)應該(gai)注重材(cai)(cai)料(liao)采(cai)購(gou)人員的(de)(de)業務(wu)素(su)質,要按防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)設計的(de)(de)標準(zhun),對原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)市場進(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)調研,選擇(ze)質量合格、信用可(ke)靠的(de)(de)供應商采(cai)購(gou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。在原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)采(cai)購(gou)后,還(huan)(huan)要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)抽檢,確(que)保(bao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)質量完全符合相關標準(zhun)。

1.4注重(zhong)關(guan)鍵部位的設計。

在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)紙的(de)(de)(de)設計中要結(jie)合建(jian)筑防(fang)水工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水需(xu)求及防(fang)水材料的(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型,給出關(guan)鍵(jian)部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu),這樣可以確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)能夠正確的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)建(jian)筑防(fang)水工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong),確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量。

1.5加強防水(shui)材料的檢測(ce)。

當(dang)前,建筑防水材(cai)料種類繁多(duo),而不同的(de)材(cai)料的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量也存(cun)在著很(hen)大的(de)差(cha)異,相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)建筑主(zhu)管部門應該對(dui)市場(chang)上(shang)的(de)防水材(cai)料進行(xing)嚴格(ge)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce),并及時(shi)公(gong)布(bu)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)監測(ce)信息,確保市場(chang)上(shang)的(de)建材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)量達(da)標。設計人員在進行(xing)設計時(shi)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)找我相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)信息,了解各(ge)種防水材(cai)料的(de)性(xing)能和質(zhi)(zhi)量,選擇質(zhi)(zhi)優價廉的(de)防水材(cai)料。

2.加強建筑(zhu)防(fang)水施工(gong)階段(duan)的(de)技術(shu)控制

2.1做好圖紙審核。

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段對(dui)于(yu)防水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)有著相(xiang)當(dang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。在進(jin)行防水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前,一定對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)進(jin)行嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)審核,確(que)保圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計符合相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)也應該熟練掌握施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)以及相(xiang)關(guan)圖紙(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)求,進(jin)而編制(zhi)出切實(shi)可行的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑防水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案,采取(qu)恰當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)和設計人(ren)員(yuan)還(huan)要(yao)做(zuo)好技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)溝通,防范(fan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄弱環(huan)節。

2.2加強施工隊伍建設。

高(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)是提高(gao)建(jian)筑(zhu)防水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。為了有(you)效(xiao)提高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)素質(zhi),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)應加強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)培訓,完(wan)(wan)善人(ren)力(li)資源(yuan)管理工(gong)(gong)作:通過多種渠(qu)道吸納技術(shu)人(ren)才(cai),重(zhong)視人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)操作能力(li),利用合理有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)方式來招聘專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人(ren)員;此(ci)外,也要健全獎懲機制,堅持正確(que)(que)用人(ren),確(que)(que)保施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員能夠出(chu)色的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)作。

2.3嚴格(ge)控制防水施工(gong)工(gong)序。

施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序是(shi)施(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)作(zuo)業的指導性(xing)材料,強(qiang)化(hua)工(gong)序管理是(shi)保證工(gong)程質量的最主要(yao)的條件。在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)時(shi),要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序進(jin)(jin)行(xing)控制,確保施(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)能(neng)夠(gou)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照指標來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)操作(zuo);此外(wai),在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)技術流程管理時(shi),所采用的技術必須得符合相關(guan)(guan)規定(ding)。施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)還要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)交檢制度,尤(you)其是(shi)關(guan)(guan)鍵部位(wei)的驗收。

2.4注重防水工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)后的管理維(wei)護。

篇9

[關(guan)鍵詞]屋面(mian);防(fang)水;施工(gong)技術

中(zhong)圖分類號(hao):TU74文(wen)獻標識碼: A

雖然有著不同功能的(de)建筑物,但是(shi)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)防水(shui)功能卻(que)都起(qi)著非(fei)常重要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用,屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)防水(shui)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)直接影響(xiang)了(le)房屋的(de)使用年(nian)限(xian),所以建筑物必須(xu)要(yao)做好防水(shui)工(gong)作(zuo)。現在通過總結和分析我(wo)國目前(qian)在屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)防水(shui)技術這個方面(mian)(mian)(mian)存在的(de)問題,并且(qie)提(ti)出相應(ying)的(de)改進措施,為(wei)以后的(de)施工(gong)提(ti)供(gong)借鑒。現在報告(gao)如下:

1屋(wu)面防水施(shi)工(gong)技術主(zhu)要存在問題及其(qi)影響因(yin)素(su)

1.1建(jian)(jian)筑屋面使用的材料(liao)未達(da)到防水(shui)建(jian)(jian)筑的標準

一(yi)些(xie)建筑企(qi)(qi)業所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)建筑材(cai)料(liao)不符合實際反水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)標準,在購(gou)進材(cai)料(liao)是(shi)由(you)偷工(gong)減料(liao)的(de)(de)可(ke)能,為了追求企(qi)(qi)業利潤最大化(hua),購(gou)買一(yi)些(xie)比較(jiao)低廉的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao),其(qi)性(xing)能和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)功能都比較(jiao)差,在低溫(wen)下容易斷裂粉(fen)碎(sui),高(gao)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)下又極易熔化(hua),其(qi)抗水(shui)(shui)能力很差,因(yin)而(er)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時間也(ye)就(jiu)減短。一(yi)大下雨天氣(qi),屋(wu)頂極易出(chu)現(xian)滲水(shui)(shui)滴水(shui)(shui)現(xian)象(xiang),影響(xiang)人們的(de)(de)正常生活。更嚴重的(de)(de)是(shi),由(you)于使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)屋(wu)面防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)實在是(shi)太沒有質量保證了,有些(xie)剛(gang)竣工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程,就(jiu)出(chu)現(xian)嚴重漏水(shui)(shui)現(xian)象(xiang)而(er)無(wu)法銷售(shou)。因(yin)此,即(ji)使(shi)有很好的(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)設計技術,沒有使(shi)用(yong)(yong)標準的(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao),因(yin)為無(wu)法保證建筑防水(shui)(shui)施工(gong)技術的(de)(de)質量,對提(ti)高(gao)房屋(wu)建筑質量也(ye)有極大的(de)(de)危害。

1.2建筑的屋面防水設計恰當

建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)過程(cheng)中,工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)總(zong)體設(she)計(ji)不合(he)理(li)(li)(li),特別是(shi)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)的(de)排水(shui)(shui)設(she)計(ji)方面一(yi)旦出問(wen)題(ti),也(ye)會(hui)影響(xiang)屋(wu)(wu)面的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)質量(liang)(liang)。屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)排水(shui)(shui)整體的(de)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)計(ji)對工(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)計(ji)的(de)質量(liang)(liang)與實施起到(dao)有很大的(de)作用(yong),排水(shui)(shui)不合(he)理(li)(li)(li)就會(hui)在屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)上大量(liang)(liang)推積廢棄水(shui)(shui),雨水(shui)(shui)的(de)PH值本來就比較偏向(xiang)酸性,那么(me)就會(hui)容(rong)易腐蝕屋(wu)(wu)面建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物,削弱屋(wu)(wu)面防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)抵御功(gong)能(neng)。因此,只有合(he)理(li)(li)(li)安排和設(she)計(ji)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)排水(shui)(shui)設(she)計(ji),才能(neng)很好地保證屋(wu)(wu)面防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)的(de)質量(liang)(liang),增長建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。

1.3施工技(ji)術沒(mei)有達(da)到標準(zhun)要求

當前的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)競爭是(shi)非(fei)常激烈的(de)(de)(de),大多企業只注重(zhong)建(jian)筑整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)建(jian)和美觀,比較容易忽略細(xi)節,特別是(shi)像防(fang)(fang)(fang)水工(gong)程不(bu)(bu)夠關注,因此在整個(ge)工(gong)程建(jian)設上,防(fang)(fang)(fang)水施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術是(shi)比較滯(zhi)后,同時各方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)套設施(shi)包括軟硬(ying)件(jian)也不(bu)(bu)夠完(wan)善,再防(fang)(fang)(fang)水設計管理(li)方面(mian)也不(bu)(bu)合理(li),特別是(shi)新(xin)型人(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)進方面(mian)。所(suo)以,防(fang)(fang)(fang)水施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)有(you)(you)待提(ti)高,企業也要加強防(fang)(fang)(fang)水施(shi)工(gong)建(jian)設方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入(ru)與(yu)重(zhong)視,也只有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣(yang),才能保(bao)證建(jian)筑符(fu)合質量(liang)標準(zhun),從整體(ti)上提(ti)高建(jian)企業的(de)(de)(de)信譽(yu)。

2、屋(wu)面(mian)防水技(ji)術的(de)提高措施(shi)

2.1 使(shi)用和選取防水材料(liao)

固化型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)料,由于其(qi)(qi)延伸率(lv)大、強度高(gao)(gao)、耐水性好,對基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應(ying)能力較強,所以這種材(cai)(cai)料常(chang)常(chang)用(yong)于屋(wu)面(mian)防水。最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是聚(ju)(ju)氨(an)(an)酯防水材(cai)(cai)料,這種材(cai)(cai)料是采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)醚、異(yi)氰(qing)酸酯通過聚(ju)(ju)合(he)反應(ying)制(zhi)成,再(zai)向其(qi)(qi)中添加無水助劑(ji)、催化劑(ji)、溶(rong)劑(ji)、無水填充劑(ji)等(deng)等(deng)。由于聚(ju)(ju)氨(an)(an)酯防水膠膜(mo)(mo)能夠(gou)適(shi)應(ying)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)環境以及屋(wu)面(mian)一(yi)些不規(gui)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分,形(xing)成完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防水膠膜(mo)(mo)。此外在施工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中也較方(fang)便,大方(fang)、美(mei)觀。有學者研究稱:在南方(fang)地區,有超過一(yi)半的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)盤采用(yong)了以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防水方(fang)案。①采用(yong)泥砂漿(jiang)作為(wei)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng),泥砂漿(jiang)是三分砂和一(yi)份水泥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)合(he)物(wu);②其(qi)(qi)次(ci)第一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)防水層(ceng)(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是高(gao)(gao)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防水涂(tu)抹,第二層(ceng)(ceng)采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)聚(ju)(ju)物(wu)改(gai)性瀝(li)青作為(wei)防水卷材(cai)(cai);③采用(yong)泡(pao)沫(mo)混(hun)(hun)凝土作為(wei)隔熱層(ceng)(ceng),并(bing)且形(xing)成坡度;④先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)泥砂漿(jiang)后(hou)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)細石混(hun)(hun)凝土;⑤屋(wu)面(mian)鋪貼(tie)屋(wu)面(mian)磚。

2.2 設計合理(li)的排水系統

南方的(de)(de)天(tian)氣多雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),為了在(zai)雨(yu)季的(de)(de)時候屋(wu)面能夠順利地排(pai)出(chu)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),讓屋(wu)面沒有(you)積水(shui)(shui)(shui),在(zai)設計(ji)時應(ying)該(gai)將屋(wu)面的(de)(de)坡度設計(ji)的(de)(de)更陡一些。在(zai)設計(ji)時應(ying)該(gai)根據該(gai)地區每年(nian)的(de)(de)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),計(ji)算出(chu)屋(wu)面所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)達到(dao)的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)速度,從(cong)(cong)(cong)而有(you)效(xiao)合(he)理(li)地設計(ji)屋(wu)面坡度。此外,由于南方的(de)(de)天(tian)氣較炎熱(re),所(suo)以也需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)強屋(wu)面的(de)(de)隔(ge)熱(re)效(xiao)果。只(zhi)有(you)設計(ji)出(chu)有(you)效(xiao)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統才能夠更加(jia)(jia)有(you)效(xiao)地對(dui)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)進行排(pai)除,從(cong)(cong)(cong)而形成優良(liang)的(de)(de)隔(ge)熱(re)效(xiao)果,從(cong)(cong)(cong)而保障建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)質量(liang),使(shi)得建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)使(shi)用年(nian)限得以延長。

2.3 控制施工質量

無論是(shi)何(he)種功能(neng)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物,其防(fang)水功能(neng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)基礎都是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑物整體(ti)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)。所以在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)必須要有良好的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)管理體(ti)系,制定出施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)檢測的(de)有關(guan)規章制度,從而使得整體(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊(dui)(dui)伍的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)素質。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊(dui)(dui)在組建(jian)(jian)初(chu)應該考核(he)所有成員的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)資質和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)水平。因為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)團隊(dui)(dui)的(de)整體(ti)素質往往決定了其施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang),所以整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊(dui)(dui)伍的(de)素質是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)得到保證的(de)前提。

2.4 完善和修訂建筑防水保修條例

屋面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工程一(yi)個十分(fen)重要的(de)(de)部分(fen)就是保修(xiu)。只有做好保修(xiu)工作才能夠最大限(xian)度地(di)在(zai)第一(yi)時間降(jiang)低損(sun)失,減少因(yin)為漏雨(yu)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)建筑物傷害和腐蝕。所(suo)以保修(xiu)制度應該更加(jia)側(ce)重于約束施(shi)工方(fang),延(yan)長(chang)(chang)屋面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)的(de)(de)保修(xiu)年(nian)(nian)限(xian)。這樣也能夠激發施(shi)工方(fang)的(de)(de)積極性(xing)。延(yan)長(chang)(chang)屋面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)的(de)(de)保修(xiu)年(nian)(nian)限(xian),就會讓施(shi)工方(fang)在(zai)設計時更加(jia)重視屋面的(de)(de)設計,不會出(chu)現偷工減料的(de)(de)現象,從而(er)保證屋面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)的(de)(de)質量(liang)。

2.5 養護

南方的(de)(de)夏(xia)季(ji)陽(yang)光強烈,溫(wen)度較(jiao)高。屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材料由(you)于(yu)其(qi)內(nei)部的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分散發較(jiao)快,此(ci)時可能(neng)(neng)會在其(qi)內(nei)部產生(sheng)縫隙,很容易出(chu)現滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)、漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)現象。所(suo)以(yi)在平(ping)時應(ying)該做好(hao)養(yang)護工作。不同的(de)(de)地區應(ying)該根據其(qi)日照時間、氣(qi)溫(wen)等對屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)進(jin)行澆水(shui)(shui)(shui),從(cong)而(er)減(jian)少防水(shui)(shui)(shui)材料內(nei)部的(de)(de)空隙,讓混(hun)凝土等保(bao)持(chi)濕潤狀態。通(tong)常情況下(xia),屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)施工好(hao)以(yi)后養(yang)護保(bao)濕工作應(ying)該不能(neng)(neng)少于(yu)半個(ge)月。

3、對屋面防水建筑技術的(de)未來展望(wang)

伴隨(sui)著我(wo)(wo)國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)比較(jiao)飛快,房屋(wu)質(zhi)量管理體(ti)系比較(jiao)健(jian)全(quan)(quan),屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)防水質(zhi)量管理與施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將會建(jian)立(li)一系列全(quan)(quan)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理體(ti)系,保(bao)證建(jian)筑(zhu)反水施工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)符合(he)質(zhi)量檢驗標準,從而(er)提高(gao)整體(ti)建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)質(zhi)量,促(cu)使(shi)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)設(she)計更(geng)加符合(he)居(ju)民(min)居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu),延長建(jian)筑(zhu)房屋(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用周期,更(geng)能夠促(cu)進(jin)(jin)伍建(jian)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。我(wo)(wo)國未(wei)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)依舊快速,要(yao)想在快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)占有不(bu)(bu)敗之地,建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術需要(yao)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加強,就要(yao)求(qiu)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術也要(yao)提高(gao)和加強,保(bao)證建(jian)筑(zhu)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續發(fa)(fa)張(zhang)和循環利用。高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防水工(gong)程(cheng)可以減少人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)負擔,保(bao)正(zheng)伍建(jian)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)質(zhi)量進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan),增強本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力。因(yin)此,對于未(wei)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)防水技(ji)(ji)術,我(wo)(wo)們需要(yao)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)地求(qiu)索和探討,爭(zheng)(zheng)取改進(jin)(jin)和全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)提升(sheng)各(ge)種技(ji)(ji)術力量。做到真正(zheng)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和國泰民(min)安的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。

建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)一個組成部(bu)分就(jiu)是屋(wu)面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。提高(gao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)能夠(gou)使得建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)質量得到提高(gao),能夠(gou)延長(chang)建(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)(de)使用年(nian)限,所以建(jian)(jian)筑物必(bi)須要做好(hao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。屋(wu)面的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)好(hao)壞與(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇和(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)關系密(mi)切,在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時應(ying)該選(xuan)擇有效合格的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)應(ying)該按照防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)標準嚴格地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong),做好(hao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)建(jian)(jian)設,從而保證整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)質量。我們(men)還應(ying)該不斷地(di)(di)探究建(jian)(jian)筑屋(wu)面防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),找出(chu)現今建(jian)(jian)筑物在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)采用的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)缺(que)陷,并且有針對性地(di)(di)研究出(chu)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)對策,盡(jin)可能地(di)(di)解決這些問題,從而提高(gao)建(jian)(jian)筑防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)基礎,更好(hao)地(di)(di)延長(chang)建(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)(de)使用年(nian)限。

隨著我國社會經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展,市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)競爭會越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)激烈,要想在(zai)(zai)競爭激烈的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場中占(zhan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)席(xi)之地,就必須要提高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)質量,延長建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)年(nian)限(xian),只有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)夠確保其在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行業的(de)(de)(de)核心競爭力。在(zai)(zai)未來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行業,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)施工技(ji)術必然還是一(yi)(yi)個敏感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)話題(ti),所以我們應該積極地研究,從(cong)而有(you)效(xiao)地提高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)防水(shui)施工技(ji)術,只有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)有(you)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)地促進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行業的(de)(de)(de)蓬勃發(fa)展,從(cong)而帶來(lai)更多的(de)(de)(de)社會效(xiao)益(yi)和經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)。

參考文獻

[1]杜慶強,屋面防水工程(cheng)施工質量的控制[J],中小企業管理與科技(ji)(下旬刊),2009年(nian)01期

[2]張英杰,淺談屋面(mian)工程防水施工技術(shu)[J],經營(ying)管理者,2010

[3]朱生(sheng)財(cai),張仁義(yi),住宅屋(wu)面防(fang)水(shui)工程質量(liang)問題的原(yuan)因及防(fang)治措施[J]山西建(jian)筑,2009

[4]國家(jia)質量(liang)技術監督局,GB/T19000-2000 idt ISO9000:2000,質量(liang)管理體系基(ji)礎和術語,北京:中國標準出版社,2001.3

篇10

在建筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工過程中(zhong),對于建筑(zhu)(zhu)質量最(zui)重要的(de)要求是(shi)防(fang)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)。在建筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工中(zhong),防(fang)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)如(ru)果出現質量問(wen)題會發生(sheng)滲漏現象(xiang),為(wei)此相關(guan)質檢部門出臺了(le)相關(guan)的(de)政策,以督促建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程企業加強對建筑(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)水(shui)施(shi)工技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用與革新,有利(li)于提(ti)高(gao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程的(de)防(fang)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu),減少因為(wei)防(fang)水(shui)問(wen)題造成的(de)安全隱患。

1.影響建筑防水的因素

(1)防水(shui)材(cai)料。防水(shui)材(cai)料的(de)質量(liang)是建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程防水(shui)防漏(lou)(lou)施工(gong)的(de)關(guan)鍵,質量(liang)的(de)優劣(lie)直接影響到建(jian)(jian)筑防水(shui)工(gong)程的(de)施工(gong)質量(liang),防水(shui)材(cai)料的(de)使用(yong)必須(xu)參考當地的(de)氣候情(qing)況,溫度、濕度等相(xiang)關(guan)因素。目前一(yi)些建(jian)(jian)筑防水(shui)材(cai)料絕大多(duo)數都不符合國家的(de)使用(yong)標準,導致工(gong)程出現滲漏(lou)(lou)。

(2)施(shi)工(gong)技術。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑的(de)防(fang)水防(fang)漏設計中,施(shi)工(gong)技術中對防(fang)水砂漿(jiang)做(zuo)(zuo)法提出了更高的(de)要求(qiu),一些剛性防(fang)水的(de)多層做(zuo)(zuo)法已經不(bu)能(neng)適(shi)應當今房屋建(jian)筑防(fang)水防(fang)漏施(shi)工(gong)的(de)要求(qiu)。現有(you)的(de)技術條(tiao)件下(xia),防(fang)水施(shi)工(gong)人員在(zai)(zai)制定旋工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)時并沒嚴格按操作規程要求(qiu)做(zuo)(zuo),這樣就(jiu)容(rong)易造成墻板相接(jie)處出現滲漏。

2.提(ti)高建筑防水的施工質(zhi)量

(1)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)選擇。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)一(yi)種高(gao)(gao)分子合成材(cai)料(liao)(liao), 涂(tu)刷(shua)在基層(ceng)表(biao)面(mian)后,經過溶(rong)劑的(de)揮發或水(shui)(shui)分的(de)蒸發或各組分間(jian)的(de)化(hua)學反應, 形成堅韌的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)膜(mo),以起到(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)、 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)潮的(de)作用(yong)。 涂(tu)膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)可以增強(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)能 有(you)效防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止滲(shen)漏水(shui)(shui), 延長防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)耐(nai)用(yong)期限。首先是(shi)對材(cai)質的(de)要(yao)(yao)求 : 由于防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)含(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)有(you)機(ji)溶(rong)劑,要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)組分聚氨脂防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)并(bing)配以各種助劑制成, 其(qi)固體(ti)含(han)量(liang)低(di)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)高(gao)(gao)延伸(shen)率大(da)于 85%, 拉伸(shen)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)大(da)于 1.8%,涂(tu)膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)施工(gong)后要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格加以保護(hu), 任何人不(bu)(bu)得在防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)上(shang)拌砂漿。其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)根據不(bu)(bu)同部(bu)門進行選擇:屋面(mian)應優先選用(yong)耐(nai)久性(xing)好、 抗老(lao)化(hua)性(xing)能力強(qiang)(qiang),耐(nai)熱度(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。地下溫差變化(hua)較小, 因此應選用(yong)耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)好、 使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)長的(de)柔(rou)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。廁浴(yu)間(jian)一(yi)般選用(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)為宜。

(2)實行技術交底制度。 施(shi)工(gong)前(qian), 施(shi)工(gong)作業(ye)人員要對防水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)工(gong)藝和重(zhong)點部位的(de)處理措施(shi)都有所了解; 大面(mian)積(ji)的(de)正式(shi)應先進行樣(yang)板(ban)的(de)施(shi)工(gong), 使施(shi)工(gong)作業(ye)人員在樣(yang)板(ban)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)中提前(qian)發現問題, 預防預控以達到提高整個防水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)質量的(de)目的(de)。

(3)施工(gong)(gong)注意事項(xiang)。作(zuo)業溫度(du)必須(xu)(xu)在(zai)零度(du)以(yi)上,最佳溫度(du)為 4-20 度(du), 高于 20 度(du)時對施工(gong)(gong)好(hao)的卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)表面(mian)進行灑水(shui)降(jiang)溫,防(fang)止(zhi)起鼓。在(zai)基層上涂刷(shua)處理劑時, 用(yong)長(chang)柄(bing)滾刷(shua)涂刷(shua)均勻,處理后必須(xu)(xu)經過 7小時以(yi)上達到干(gan)燥程度(du)方(fang)可施工(gong)(gong)熱(re)熔(rong)法(fa)(fa)施工(gong)(gong),冷底子油涂刷(shua)晾干(gan)后要防(fang)止(zhi)基層表面(mian)污染(ran), 影(ying)響粘結(jie)質量,特別是局部搭接縫(feng)(feng)做法(fa)(fa)時,防(fang)水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)不能將水(shui)泥膠涂在(zai)防(fang)水(shui)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)搭接處,避免出現接縫(feng)(feng)粘結(jie)。

3.施(shi)工工藝的控制要(yao)點

(1)材料配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的控(kong)制要點。根據配(pei)(pei)合比,把液料、粉料加水進行(xing)調(diao)制,涂料的粘稠(chou)度(du)以滿足不(bu)同(tong)施工(gong)部(bu)位(wei)的施工(gong)要求為(wei)準(zhun)。漿液需充分(fen)均勻(yun),并且各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)涂料應分(fen)別按照對應的分(fen)配(pei)(pei)比進行(xing)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi),不(bu)得同(tong)一(yi)使用,先進行(xing)細(xi)(xi)部(bu)施工(gong),然后再進行(xing)大面(mian)積的施工(gong),細(xi)(xi)部(bu)施工(gong)時應壓嵌嚴密,在細(xi)(xi)微(wei)處應加一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)胎(tai)體增強材料,材料寬度(du)不(bu)小(xiao)于 500mm,塔(ta)接寬度(du)不(bu)小(xiao)于150mm。

(2)基(ji)層(ceng)的控(kong)制要點.。 防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)要保證(zheng)基(ji)層(ceng)表(biao)面達到(dao)清(qing)潔、干燥、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)溫(wen)度(du)符合設計要求; 保溫(wen)層(ceng)做(zuo)到(dao)厚度(du)適(shi)中、坡度(du)不(bu)(bu)過大(da)(da)、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)順暢;突出屋面結構(gou)的連接部位要鋪做(zuo)成弧形(xing),并留設 10mm 寬的分格縫。防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的質量好壞直接影響(xiang)整個主體的質量,主體結構(gou)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率等(deng)是保證(zheng)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量的基(ji)礎。防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)受氣(qi)(qi)候因(yin)素影響(xiang)較大(da)(da),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)期不(bu)(bu)宜在(zai) 4℃下氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)中施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong),防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)所用(yong)(yong)的材料(liao)在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)前(qian)必須再做(zuo)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)試驗。由于(yu)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)往往與(yu)相(xiang)關層(ceng)要交(jiao)叉作(zuo)業,對于(yu)相(xiang)關的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)要注(zhu)意(yi)監督保護層(ceng)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong),絕不(bu)(bu)能戳破防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)。

(3)密(mi)封(feng)材料(liao)施工(gong)控制要點(dian)..密(mi)封(feng)材料(liao)的(de)施工(gong)方法(fa)根據材料(liao)不同各異,熱(re)灌溉法(fa)要重視密(mi)封(feng)材料(liao)現場塑化,加熱(re)溫度一般控制在100~135℃,最高溫度不得超過(guo) 150℃,當加熱(re)到溫度后應(ying)立即(ji)現場澆(jiao)灌。冷嵌法(fa)施工(gong)要從底(di)部嵌起(qi),防(fang)止(zhi)發生混氣現象(xiang),防(fang)水層的(de)保護層施工(gong)應(ying)按設計圖紙設計進行施工(gong),做(zuo)好(hao)臨時(shi)保護措施,當防(fang)水層施工(gong)完畢應(ying)及早進行下到施工(gong)工(gong)序,不宜(yi)間隔時(shi)間過(guo)長。

(4)剛(gang)柔(rou)防水(shui)的(de)(de)施工技術。剛(gang)柔(rou)防水(shui)結構要(yao)注意(yi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)施工質(zhi)量(liang)。在(zai)(zai)剛(gang)性(xing)防水(shui)層(ceng)中(zhong),混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)必須符合建筑屋面(mian)的(de)(de)防水(shui)性(xing)能,首先要(yao)嚴格(ge)控(kong)制混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)材(cai)料配比,注意(yi)在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)剛(gang)性(xing)防水(shui)層(ceng)中(zhong)還有鋼筋配置,利于增強剛(gang)性(xing)防水(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)支撐能力(li)。注意(yi)清潔表面(mian),增加(jia)粘結力(li);柔(rou)性(xing)防水(shui)施工技術,其最大的(de)(de)特(te)點即為整(zheng)體現(xian)澆。在(zai)(zai)卷(juan)材(cai)鋪貼(tie)時,要(yao)根據不同的(de)(de)卷(juan)材(cai)選擇(ze)鋪貼(tie)方向(xiang),結合實(shi)際坡度進行(xing)卷(juan)材(cai)的(de)(de)鋪貼(tie),柔(rou)性(xing)防水(shui)層(ceng)涉及到(dao)的(de)(de)復(fu)雜部位時,應(ying)該添(tian)加(jia)附加(jia)防水(shui)層(ceng)來提高防水(shui)性(xing)能。

(5)施工(gong)工(gong)序(xu)過程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量監控。對防(fang)水基(ji)層、防(fang)水層要制(zhi)定(ding)好各道防(fang)水施工(gong)前的(de)(de)驗收(shou)制(zhi)度,嚴格做(zuo)(zuo)好施工(gong)技術資料的(de)(de)收(shou)集,做(zuo)(zuo)好相關(guan)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗收(shou)記(ji)錄,凡是(shi)技術施工(gong)質(zhi)量不(bu)符(fu)合標準要求的(de)(de)不(bu)得進行下道工(gong)序(xu)施工(gong),推行樣板式引(yin)路(lu)并做(zuo)(zuo)到有效控制(zhi)。

(6)加強(qiang)細部構(gou)造的質量控制。變形(xing)縫、女兒墻體以及雨水口等是容易(yi)造成(cheng)屋面滲漏的重(zhong)要部位,這些部位也(ye)是施工質量是監理工作的重(zhong)點,有必(bi)要采取動態管(guan)理與旁(pang)站(zhan)相(xiang)結合的方法,在澆筑混凝土后認真檢(jian)查驗(yan)收。