導語：如何才能寫好(hao)一篇淺(qian)談建筑工程管理(li)，這就需要搜集整(zheng)理(li)更多(duo)的資(zi)料(liao)和文(wen)(wen)獻，歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整(zheng)理(li)的十篇范文(wen)(wen)，供(gong)你借鑒(jian)。

篇1

關鍵詞：園林建筑；工程(cheng)管(guan)理

中圖分類號(hao)：TU3文(wen)獻標識碼(ma)：A文(wen)章(zhang)編號(hao)：2095-2104（2012）

園林建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理現(xian)狀存在著(zhu)一定的(de)不足，我們必須(xu)采取有效地措施來(lai)進行完(wan)善(shan)，改善(shan)現(xian)狀，提高(gao)質量，這需要(yao)廣大(da)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)共同(tong)努力(li)才能(neng)實現(xian)，需要(yao)多部門共同(tong)協作。因此，要(yao)搞好(hao)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理，就要(yao)做好(hao)做細每一個環節，只有提高(gao)園林建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理的(de)質量水平，才能(neng)實現(xian)企業的(de)經濟效益(yi)和(he)提高(gao)建(jian)筑行業的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理水平。

1 園(yuan)林建筑工(gong)程施工(gong)管理的(de)現狀

從我國(guo)園(yuan)林建筑的(de)施工管理情況(kuang)分析(xi)，我們可以發現(xian)園(yuan)林建筑施工管理現(xian)狀存在著一系列的(de)問題影響(xiang)其效用的(de)發揮(hui)。

1.1 安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)(shi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)。建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理(li)(li)中關(guan)(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)一部分，尤(you)其是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)，直接關(guan)(guan)系到(dao)整個工(gong)程建筑的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)現狀，但是(shi)從目前我(wo)國(guo)建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)現狀來看，存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)最大問題就是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)(shi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，沒有給予安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)足(zu)(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)，大部分施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)對安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)不(bu)到(dao)位(wei)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中沒有嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)要求，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)措施(shi)(shi)不(bu)到(dao)位(wei)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)(shi)淡薄，對經濟的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)與對安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)不(bu)成正比(bi)，導致(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理(li)(li)存(cun)在(zai)著很大的(de)(de)(de)漏洞。

1.2 資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不到位。作(zuo)為施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)完整(zheng)系統(tong)，園林(lin)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程除了需要大量(liang)的(de)人力、財力、物力以(yi)及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)(liao)，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)外，資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)同樣是(shi)不可忽(hu)(hu)視(shi)的(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要問題(ti)。但(dan)是(shi)從目前(qian)我國建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)現狀來看，對資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程度不足，嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)質量(liang)，部分企業對資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)完全(quan)忽(hu)(hu)略，上級檢查的(de)時候臨時抱佛腳，憑借記憶或者是(shi)其他的(de)方(fang)式進行資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)補寫，造(zao)成資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)信(xin)息不全(quan)，信(xin)息失誤現象很多，資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)最(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)憑證是(shi)經驗與記憶，而不是(shi)科學的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)式，造(zao)成資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)于形式，無法(fa)發揮應(ying)有的(de)效應(ying)。

1.3 人(ren)力(li)(li)管理(li)措(cuo)施不(bu)到(dao)位。建筑行業相對其他行業來說，存在(zai)著人(ren)員(yuan)密集，復雜的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，人(ren)員(yuan)素質(zhi)參差不(bu)齊，為人(ren)力(li)(li)資(zi)源(yuan)管理(li)造成(cheng)了一系列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題，難(nan)以控(kong)制(zhi)，常(chang)會(hui)出現勞動(dong)力(li)(li)不(bu)足或者勞動(dong)力(li)(li)過剩的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，這就造成(cheng)了工程(cheng)施工人(ren)員(yuan)違規操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)嚴重，常(chang)常(chang)造成(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)合(he)格，工程(cheng)施工狀況百出。此外，在(zai)施工質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)過程(cheng)中，物(wu)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)投入一般較大(da)較多，很(hen)難(nan)實(shi)現全面控(kong)制(zhi)。同時施工過程(cheng)所用的(de)(de)(de)砂石等材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)離散性較大(da)，加之材(cai)料(liao)進入控(kong)制(zhi)不(bu)嚴格，在(zai)實(shi)際施工過程(cheng)中，糾偏的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)度及損失(shi)相當大(da)，糾偏措(cuo)施的(de)(de)(de)決(jue)策也較為困難(nan)。

1.4 質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)不到位。建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理的(de)最后一(yi)個步(bu)驟是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，不合(he)格(ge)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)嚴禁投(tou)入市(shi)場，建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)復(fu)雜(za)多變，涉(she)及(ji)(ji)行業(ye)較多，涉(she)及(ji)(ji)范圍較廣，程(cheng)序較為(wei)(wei)復(fu)雜(za)，要想實現全面(mian)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)需(xu)要耗費(fei)大(da)量的(de)人力、財(cai)力，實現較為(wei)(wei)困(kun)難，但是(shi)采取(qu)抽檢(jian)(jian)的(de)方(fang)法會出現檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)不全面(mian)，造成隱藏的(de)隱患，因此，相關企業(ye)必(bi)須(xu)慎重思考，選擇(ze)最佳的(de)管(guan)理措(cuo)施，提高質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)標準，嚴格(ge)按(an)照國際標準進行檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，不符合(he)要求(qiu)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)必(bi)須(xu)采取(qu)補救措(cuo)施或者返工(gong)(gong)處理。

2 工程施工管理(li)的具(ju)體(ti)措施

2.1 提高施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)安全(quan)意識。管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)核心(xin)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，因(yin)此，加(jia)強安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)核心(xin)就是(shi)(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，從實踐中(zhong)我們可(ke)以發現(xian)，建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)必須加(jia)強建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)安全(quan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，堅持以人(ren)為本(ben)，堅持安全(quan)第一(yi)，盡(jin)量實現(xian)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)“零事故”。在園林建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)要盡(jin)量注重細節的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)影響(xiang)安全(quan)的(de)一(yi)些細節，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)防火等相關問(wen)題(ti)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)可(ke)以設立專門的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)隊(dui)伍，采取專人(ren)負責，增(zeng)加(jia)培(pei)訓，提高管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，防患(huan)于未然。

2.2 增(zeng)強(qiang)對(dui)施工材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制度(du)。建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)施工管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)關鍵，施工材(cai)料(liao)(liao)對(dui)于建筑(zhu)工程質量的(de)影響是(shi)非(fei)常關鍵的(de)，是(shi)至關重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)，因(yin)此(ci)，施工企業必須注重(zhong)建筑(zhu)施工材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，增(zeng)強(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制度(du)的(de)規范化、正規化。每(mei)一個(ge)建筑(zhu)環節對(dui)施工材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)需求是(shi)不同(tong)的(de)。因(yin)此(ci)，我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)每(mei)一個(ge)環節的(de)控制，盡量使施工過程中所(suo)采用的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)與預期的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)相同(tong)，減小偏差，及時糾正。建筑(zhu)工程材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)貫穿于整個(ge)工程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，因(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過程中可(ke)以(yi)采取職責分明的(de)形(xing)式(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)采取責任落實到人，加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)資料(liao)(liao)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。

2.3 提高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合素(su)質。園林建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質參差不(bu)齊一(yi)(yi)直都是影響施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)(nan)點之一(yi)(yi)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員缺乏管理(li)(li)(li)知(zhi)識(shi)，素(su)質較(jiao)高(gao)，但是管理(li)(li)(li)層與決(jue)(jue)策層的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員素(su)質則參差不(bu)齊，難(nan)(nan)以實現(xian)統一(yi)(yi)管理(li)(li)(li)，針(zhen)對不(bu)同崗(gang)位，必須制定(ding)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)標準，提高(gao)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)來說，都要求參與施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群具有決(jue)(jue)策能(neng)(neng)力(li)、管理(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)、經(jing)營能(neng)(neng)力(li)、控制能(neng)(neng)力(li)、作業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)力(li)及(ji)道德品(pin)質等諸(zhu)多(duo)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。針(zhen)對目前我(wo)國園林建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員組(zu)成現(xian)狀，我(wo)們(men)可以采取持證(zheng)上崗(gang)原則。很多(duo)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員對實踐知(zhi)識(shi)掌握(wo)全面，但是理(li)(li)(li)論知(zhi)識(shi)嚴重(zhong)不(bu)足，整體素(su)質較(jiao)低，無法實現(xian)從高(gao)度上把(ba)握(wo)和指導施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)，提高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。現(xian)代企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭，歸根結底是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭，因此(ci)，對于(yu)園林建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)企業(ye)(ye)來說，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是決(jue)(jue)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目均(jun)是通過人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)將材料(liao)組(zu)織而(er)創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)。只有擁有一(yi)(yi)支富有創造力(li)、紀律(lv)嚴明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍才能(neng)(neng)完成一(yi)(yi)項質量優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目。因此(ci)，園林建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)企業(ye)(ye)要在激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭中立(li)于(yu)不(bu)敗(bai)之地，就(jiu)必須提高(gao)從業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質，把(ba)培養人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才作為一(yi)(yi)項長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務來抓。

2.4 采(cai)取有(you)(you)效措施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場管理(li)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全管理(li)對(dui)于整個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理(li)都(dou)是非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)，因此，我們必須采(cai)取有(you)(you)效地措施(shi)(shi)加強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理(li)，通過深入開展(zhan)文(wen)明(ming)標(biao)準化工(gong)地達(da)標(biao)活(huo)動(dong)，為創優質(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)提供條件和(he)保證(zheng)。從發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)來看，就(jiu)是要(yao)加強工(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，工(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是要(yao)發現(xian)(xian)偏差和(he)分析(xi)影響工(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)約因素，并消除制(zhi)(zhi)約因素，使(shi)工(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在一定范圍內，以確保每(mei)道工(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量。工(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是過程(cheng)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本點，是現(xian)(xian)場質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)內容。

除此之外，施工(gong)(gong)過程中的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)查對(dui)于整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制都是非(fei)常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)，這就要(yao)求質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制人員進(jin)行質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong)和(he)檢(jian)查，確(que)保工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)符合合同規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求，避免質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)發生。最(zui)后，開展(zhan)文(wen)明(ming)活(huo)動實現達標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)完全執行國際的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準，為(wei)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)提供(gong)一(yi)個(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作環境，創造優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)條件。建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)深入開展(zhan)創優(you)達標(biao)活(huo)動，加強施工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)管(guan)理，其最(zui)終目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是為(wei)了向顧客提供(gong)滿(man)意(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)產品和(he)良好的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)。

3 結束語

園林(lin)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)，作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)門應用管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學科，不論是其理(li)論研究還是實(shi)踐(jian)內(nei)容都獲得了廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用，面對(dui)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)問題，需(xu)要耗費大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力、物力，財力以及大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械設(she)備(bei)，為(wei)了提高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，按(an)照工(gong)(gong)期完成工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，對(dui)園林(lin)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)有(you)效地管理(li)，采取科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)有(you)助于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)改善。近年來，經濟結構發(fa)生了重大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變革，房地產行(xing)業發(fa)展迅速，為(wei)社會主義經濟發(fa)展做出(chu)了重大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻(xian)，但是目前(qian)，從我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)園林(lin)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀來看，仍然存在(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)些問題，影(ying)響其效用的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮，本文就(jiu)從其問題著(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)進行(xing)分析，提出(chu)具有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)，旨(zhi)在(zai)改善園林(lin)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀。

參考文獻：

[1] 范志勇.建筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工安全管理防(fang)范措施(shi)(shi)[J].科技(ji)信息（學術研究）.2009,(19).

[2] 莫銳登.淺談建筑施(shi)工企業安全(quan)管理工作[J].四川建材.2011,(3).

[3] 王裕維.淺議建筑施工企業夏(xia)季安(an)全管理(li)的通病及預防[J].山西建筑2010，（5）.

篇2

【關鍵詞】建筑工程(cheng)；管(guan)理；現(xian)狀；改進措施

引言

建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)指的(de)(de)是在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目確(que)定之后(hou)(hou)，對(dui)項(xiang)目設計、實施(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)項(xiang)目結(jie)束后(hou)(hou)期(qi)處(chu)理(li)等各個(ge)階段(duan)進行完善管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)從(cong)而(er)輔助(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目圓滿完成(cheng)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)環節。當今我國(guo)國(guo)家社會經(jing)濟發展速度越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)快，在(zai)國(guo)家事(shi)(shi)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)發揮的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)大。由于(yu)我國(guo)工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)起步(bu)的(de)(de)時間落后(hou)(hou)于(yu)國(guo)外(wai)，工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)水(shui)平還處(chu)在(zai)初級階段(duan)，因此在(zai)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)發展的(de)(de)同時也遇(yu)到了很多問題(ti)。如何推(tui)進我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)順利完成(cheng)，從(cong)而(er)提高我國(guo)工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)平，對(dui)于(yu)國(guo)家發展以(yi)(yi)及(ji)社會進步(bu)來(lai)(lai)說顯得尤(you)為重(zhong)要(yao)。采取切(qie)實可行的(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)改善當前國(guo)內建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)現狀是解決問題(ti)的(de)(de)關鍵。

一 我國建筑(zhu)工(gong)程管理的現狀

1 工程管(guan)理體制不完(wan)善

我國(guo)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)所出(chu)現的(de)(de)問題很大一(yi)部(bu)分在于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)健全(quan)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)健全(quan)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人員“節約成(cheng)本(ben)”的(de)(de)心態有(you)著密切的(de)(de)關聯。我國(guo)很多建筑(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業不(bu)(bu)斷精簡機(ji)構、裁員撤部(bu)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人員職責(ze)不(bu)(bu)分，很多人產生了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)可有(you)可無(wu)的(de)(de)觀念。歸根結底，這主要是(shi)上層企(qi)(qi)業管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe)想要節約成(cheng)本(ben)而(er)已，最終導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)能有(you)效地(di)進行(xing)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)進行(xing)是(shi)建立在一(yi)套(tao)完(wan)整可行(xing)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度之(zhi)上的(de)(de)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)健全(quan)也就無(wu)法保證(zheng)項目能夠圓滿完(wan)成(cheng)。如果對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)任務視而(er)不(bu)(bu)見，長此以往我國(guo)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事業也將(jiang)得不(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)發(fa)展，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)也將(jiang)成(cheng)為項目實(shi)施過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)累(lei)贅而(er)不(bu)(bu)能起到(dao)(dao)任何積極作(zuo)用。

2 工程質量(liang)重(zhong)視度不高

目(mu)前我國國內的建(jian)(jian)筑工程(cheng)事業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)得如(ru)火如(ru)荼，建(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)業(ye)(ye)間(jian)的競爭也異常激烈。想在(zai)市場上立(li)下堅實的基礎，便要(yao)求(qiu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)通(tong)過不斷提高的工作效(xiao)率(lv)來提升自身在(zai)市場上的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)競爭力。但(dan)在(zai)實際(ji)施工中，很(hen)多企(qi)業(ye)(ye)往往偏向于(yu)施工進程(cheng)的加(jia)快而大大忽視(shi)了對(dui)施工質(zhi)(zhi)量的追求(qiu)。工程(cheng)管理(li)本身缺(que)乏對(dui)工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的重(zhong)視(shi)導致了很(hen)多建(jian)(jian)筑工程(cheng)存在(zai)巨大的安全(quan)隱(yin)(yin)患，質(zhi)(zhi)量不達標不僅(jin)僅(jin)對(dui)國家資源利用來說造成了巨大的損失(shi)，還(huan)成為了威脅人民生(sheng)(sheng)命安全(quan)的內在(zai)隱(yin)(yin)患，同時(shi)對(dui)于(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的信譽(yu)度也產生(sheng)(sheng)了無(wu)法(fa)挽回的影(ying)響(xiang)。

3 忽(hu)視工(gong)程(cheng)核算重要(yao)性(xing)

在建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)實施(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，項目(mu)支出以(yi)及成(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)(guan)理尤(you)為重(zhong)要。一些企(qi)(qi)業管(guan)(guan)理者缺乏(fa)這種(zhong)意識往(wang)往(wang)造成(cheng)經濟(ji)糾(jiu)紛(fen)，最(zui)終(zhong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目(mu)不(bu)得不(bu)在進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)一半的(de)(de)情況下(xia)終(zhong)止。對(dui)于速(su)度的(de)(de)追(zhui)求以(yi)及確(que)保按時完工(gong)的(de)(de)心態從而(er)忽略了(le)(le)對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)核(he)算(suan)工(gong)作的(de)(de)重(zhong)視，使得建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)實施(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中出現了(le)(le)種(zhong)種(zhong)問題(ti)，對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)發展也(ye)產生了(le)(le)很多不(bu)利的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。如(ru)何做好企(qi)(qi)業成(cheng)本(ben)計(ji)算(suan)以(yi)及資金核(he)算(suan)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作，促進(jin)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)圓滿(man)完成(cheng)是上(shang)層(ceng)管(guan)(guan)理者尤(you)其應(ying)該(gai)重(zhong)視的(de)(de)方(fang)面。

4 工程(cheng)管理形(xing)式不健全

工(gong)程管理的(de)(de)(de)形式多種多樣，科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)管理形式促進企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展，反之(zhi)(zhi)則阻礙項目(mu)實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)進程。當(dang)今我國(guo)建筑工(gong)程行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)管理形式仍(reng)舊是(shi)陳舊的(de)(de)(de)以承包企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為首、 以施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為中心、 以勞務作業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為依靠的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式[1]。這種傳統的(de)(de)(de)管理形式已(yi)無法順應(ying)新時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)建筑企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展大局，對工(gong)程項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)順利進行(xing)產(chan)生了諸多的(de)(de)(de)負面(mian)影響。除此之(zhi)(zhi)外，我國(guo)建筑工(gong)程企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管理人(ren)員以及技術工(gong)作人(ren)員素養普遍不(bu)高(gao)，這些共(gong)同(tong)造成(cheng)了管理水平得不(bu)到有效提高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀。

二 改進和完善工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)的措施

1 更新建(jian)筑工(gong)程管理(li)理(li)念

理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)創新(xin)是促進工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水平的(de)內在(zai)前(qian)提。要想順利完成一項建筑工(gong)(gong)程項目，就必須優先考(kao)慮到更新(xin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)。傳統(tong)以利益為(wei)主(zhu)導，追求速(su)度的(de)思想無(wu)法在(zai)當今市(shi)場上延續，陳腐的(de)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)必然(ran)會成為(wei)目前(qian)國內建筑工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水平提高過程中的(de)障礙物。更新(xin)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)首先要做(zuo)的(de)是盡快(kuai)使得管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)者提高對工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)發(fa)揮重大作用(yong)的(de)認識(shi)，從(cong)而從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)資(zi)金(jin)加大投入、廣泛吸(xi)收人才技術、改變(bian)傳統(tong)企業經營思維(wei)模式等方面入手，深(shen)刻改變(bian)企業發(fa)展指導理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)，體(ti)現(xian)工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)內在(zai)要求并促進工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)向著順應時(shi)代的(de)潮流不斷發(fa)展。

2 建立健全工(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)制度

管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設是完(wan)成一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外在(zai)前(qian)提(ti)，規范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)是明確分(fen)工(gong)、職(zhi)責分(fen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。首先，針對我(wo)國目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)現狀，國家(jia)應該(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法規制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，為工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)提(ti)供一(yi)(yi)條明確完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)軌(gui)道，為管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)提(ti)供一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)保障[2]。其次，國家(jia)應該(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)考核(he)項(xiang)目(mu)，促進專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)、知識化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才受到(dao)廣泛錄用(yong)。第三，企(qi)業(ye)內部同(tong)時(shi)應該(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員定(ding)期(qi)考核(he)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，以(yi)(yi)保持(chi)工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)化(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)，避免對項(xiang)目(mu)實施造成不(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)極影響[3]。最后，加強企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)、獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)往(wang)往(wang)因其所(suo)承擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)過大(da)(da)，期(qi)間工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責分(fen)工(gong)比較復雜。在(zai)這種(zhong)情況(kuang)下，不(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)及獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)加大(da)(da)施工(gong)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難度(du)，對企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施也有(you)不(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。

3 注重建筑(zhu)工程核算機制

建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)在工(gong)(gong)程管理(li)(li)中是(shi)十分重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)，具體應該(gai)做(zuo)到如(ru)下幾點(dian)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：首先，建立科學的(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)管理(li)(li)體系，確保管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作有制可依，并使其參(can)與項目的(de)(de)全過程管理(li)(li)，將(jiang)財(cai)務管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)位置前(qian)移。其次，要(yao)(yao)有效(xiao)控制人工(gong)(gong)費(fei)、材料費(fei)和機(ji)械使用費(fei)等，準(zhun)確核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)各項費(fei)用，從(cong)而提升(sheng)建筑(zhu)企(qi)業的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益。第三，對于(yu)已竣工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程，要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時辦理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程（預）轉(zhuan)資(zi)，做(zuo)好竣工(gong)(gong)結算(suan)(suan)(suan)時的(de)(de)成本核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)[4]。大力(li)完善建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)制對于(yu)盡量避免國(guo)家(jia)資(zi)源浪費(fei)從(cong)而改(gai)善國(guo)家(jia)資(zi)源短缺、對于(yu)減少威脅國(guo)家(jia)人民的(de)(de)財(cai)產以及(ji)生命安全的(de)(de)隱患，都存(cun)在著重大的(de)(de)意義。建筑(zhu)企(qi)業由(you)于(yu)核(he)(he)(he)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)制的(de)(de)不(bu)完善所(suo)造成的(de)(de)種種后(hou)果尤其應引起企(qi)業管理(li)(li)者(zhe)的(de)(de)認真(zhen)重視，及(ji)時采取措施解決問題是(shi)管理(li)(li)者(zhe)的(de)(de)當務之急。

4 加強建筑工程質量管理

建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)好壞直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響著人民的(de)(de)(de)生命財(cai)產安全，關系到(dao)國家社會的(de)(de)(de)長久(jiu)發展，對于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)提高尤其應(ying)受到(dao)管(guan)理者的(de)(de)(de)極大(da)重視。具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)可以(yi)歸納為三(san)點(dian)。第(di)一(yi)點(dian)，建(jian)(jian)筑企業要加強(qiang)設計施(shi)工(gong)人員對建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)意識，確保質(zhi)量管(guan)理體(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立和有效的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)。第(di)二點(dian)，對建(jian)(jian)筑材料的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理應(ying)該做到(dao)科學(xue)化、嚴格化。第(di)三(san)點(dian)， 制(zhi)定科學(xue)詳細的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)(fang)案，在建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)開始前，制(zhi)定周密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)(fang)案，是施(shi)工(gong)有序進行的(de)(de)(de)重要保障(zhang)。

5 進行技術(shu)革新(xin)提升(sheng)管理效率

為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率、實現(xian)(xian)信(xin)息(xi)高(gao)速流(liu)通就必須采取相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)符(fu)合時展(zhan)潮(chao)流(liu)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)手(shou)(shou)段(duan)，期間，計算(suan)機的(de)應(ying)用越來越廣泛，儼然已經成為(wei)高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)手(shou)(shou)段(duan)之一(yi)。一(yi)項建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)從招(zhao)標(biao)、實施(shi)(shi)、結(jie)束(shu)除了(le)需(xu)要專業化(hua)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)外，還(huan)需(xu)要高(gao)科技手(shou)(shou)段(duan)的(de)參(can)與(yu)。利(li)用計算(suan)機輔(fu)助管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，實現(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)是提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量、加強(qiang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)力度(du)的(de)有效(xiao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，在(zai)新時期的(de)建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事業發展(zhan)中(zhong)，必將發揮(hui)越來越重大的(de)作(zuo)用。為(wei)此，廣大技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員應(ying)該(gai)接受企(qi)業提(ti)供的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)知識培訓，為(wei)實現(xian)(xian)建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)付出切實的(de)努力。

結束語

綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述，在(zai)認清我國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程管理(li)事(shi)業中所(suo)顯(xian)現出來的(de)種種問題之(zhi)后，便需要采取相(xiang)(xiang)應切實可行(xing)的(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)進行(xing)及(ji)時改(gai)進。在(zai)結合(he)制度建(jian)(jian)設、機制調整、質量管理(li)以(yi)及(ji)理(li)念(nian)更新等多方面舉措(cuo)(cuo)共同(tong)實施(shi)的(de)前提(ti)下，定(ding)能不斷改(gai)善(shan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程管理(li)的(de)現狀，對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企業的(de)發展帶(dai)來積極的(de)影響。相(xiang)(xiang)信在(zai)不斷地完善(shan)中，我國未來的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程管理(li)水平(ping)將(jiang)更上(shang)一層樓！

參考文獻

[1]王文忠(zhong)：建筑(zhu)工程管(guan)理現狀和改進[J]，消費導刊，2008（15）：110；

[2]周(zhou)啟亮：建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)理現狀和(he)改進[J]，中華民(min)居，2013（5）：205-206；

篇3

關鍵詞：建筑工程(cheng)；機械管(guan)理(li)；問題(ti)與措施(shi)

當前(qian)我(wo)國的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工中，施(shi)工機械(xie)(xie)(xie)扮演著越來越重要的(de)(de)角色，施(shi)工機械(xie)(xie)(xie)化的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)也越來越高，機械(xie)(xie)(xie)運(yun)行的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)水(shui)平(ping)直接(jie)影響(xiang)到了施(shi)工的(de)(de)效率和(he)質(zhi)量，從當前(qian)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工情(qing)況(kuang)來看，我(wo)國的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程機械(xie)(xie)(xie)管理(li)還需(xu)要不斷的(de)(de)改進和(he)完善，為了提高建(jian)筑(zhu)工程的(de)(de)施(shi)工水(shui)平(ping)，必(bi)須要采(cai)取有效的(de)(de)措施(shi)你對其加以改進和(he)管理(li)。

1 建筑工(gong)程機械管(guan)理(li)中存在的問題

機械設(she)備在(zai)建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)中(zhong)所起(qi)到的(de)作用是不容(rong)忽視的(de)，對(dui)機械設(she)備的(de)管理也因此變得尤為重要(yao)。雖然(ran)當前大部分施工(gong)單(dan)位均采(cai)取了一系列措施對(dui)管理工(gong)作進行完善，但卻仍然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)一些亟待完善的(de)問題(ti)，歸納起(qi)來，主(zhu)要(yao)包括以下(xia)幾(ji)個方(fang)面：

1.1 設(she)備老舊，施工(gong)效率低

當(dang)前，某些企業為了(le)能夠降(jiang)低(di)施工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)成本投(tou)入，更(geng)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)，在施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)設備(bei)抱(bao)著能修(xiu)就不(bu)(bu)換的(de)(de)(de)態度(du)，有(you)些機(ji)械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)老化非常嚴重，但是為了(le)自身的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)利益(yi)通常采(cai)取(qu)忽略的(de)(de)(de)態度(du)，如果機(ji)械(xie)在運行的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現了(le)問題，一般都會選擇維(wei)修(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，很少會更(geng)換新設備(bei)，這樣一來就會使(shi)得機(ji)械(xie)設備(bei)在使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)會出(chu)現非常多的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)，這樣一來也對施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和(he)水平造(zao)成十(shi)(shi)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)影響，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自身的(de)(de)(de)安全性和(he)穩定性無法很好的(de)(de)(de)滿足相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)標準和(he)要求。甚至還會對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整體的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)進(jin)度(du)造(zao)成十(shi)(shi)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)影響，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)施工(gong)方的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)。

1.2 管(guan)理制度沒有(you)得到有(you)效落(luo)實

在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，一套相對較為完備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制度和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體系對整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常開展有著不(bu)容(rong)忽視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。很多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)制定(ding)了(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制度，同時也(ye)根據企(qi)(qi)業(ye)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展情況對其(qi)進行(xing)了(le)完善和(he)(he)補(bu)充。但是(shi)真正按照制度執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)少(shao)之又少(shao)，許多(duo)(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)是(shi)重(zhong)視(shi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)使(shi)(shi)用，忽視(shi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度，使(shi)(shi)用完設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)之后就(jiu)(jiu)直接將其(qi)放在(zai)(zai)一邊(bian)，對設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)不(bu)進行(xing)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)修和(he)(he)養護，這(zhe)樣(yang)一來就(jiu)(jiu)使(shi)(shi)得(de)很多(duo)(duo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用自身性(xing)能有問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械。此外(wai)，一些(xie)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有嚴格按照制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求去執(zhi)行(xing)，在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)檢(jian)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)半依(yi)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)，這(zhe)樣(yang)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)使(shi)(shi)得(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)依(yi)然會出現(xian)很多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)不(bu)具備(bei)(bei)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)修意識，所以無法及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對其(qi)進行(xing)維(wei)修和(he)(he)處理(li)，這(zhe)樣(yang)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)使(shi)(shi)得(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)了(le)很多(duo)(duo)人(ren)力(li)、物力(li)和(he)(he)財(cai)力(li)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪費及(ji)損失。

1.3 操作不科學

在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著操(cao)作不(bu)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)，當(dang)前，我國建筑施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)無(wu)論從數(shu)量還(huan)是(shi)(shi)從功能(neng)上都有了非常(chang)(chang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，操(cao)作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)，但是(shi)(shi)從操(cao)作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作情況來(lai)看，很多施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術、應有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)和設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)規范使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)經(jing)驗都存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著十(shi)分(fen)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)欠缺。這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)對于(yu)入職(zhi)時間并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)更為常(chang)(chang)見，這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化水平并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很高(gao)，同時在(zai)(zai)(zai)學習(xi)能(neng)力方面也需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去提升，在(zai)(zai)(zai)操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)對具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)條件(jian)和施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝都不(bu)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)，甚至還(huan)出(chu)現(xian)了違(wei)規操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，這(zhe)樣也就使(shi)(shi)得設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)發揮受到(dao)了一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)面影響。此(ci)外，如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)如(ru)果(guo)對設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)采取不(bu)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式去操(cao)作，就可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)加(jia)速(su)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老化。此(ci)外，在(zai)(zai)(zai)機械一(yi)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)之(zhi)后，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)及時對這(zhe)些設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)維護和保(bao)養，只有這(zhe)樣，才能(neng)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證其(qi)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很多建筑施工(gong)(gong)企業經(jing)營過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，對施工(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作不(bu)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)重視(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)機械完成了一(yi)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作之(zhi)后就馬上使(shi)(shi)用在(zai)(zai)(zai)了下一(yi)個項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)樣也就使(shi)(shi)得設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)更為嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)維修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)也可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)遇到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)如(ru)果(guo)處于(yu)不(bu)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀態也有可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)使(shi)(shi)得工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度受到(dao)十(shi)分(fen)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。

2 提高工程(cheng)機(ji)械管理的措施

為了更好(hao)的(de)將機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備的(de)作用在(zai)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中充分發(fa)揮出來，針(zhen)對上文提到(dao)的(de)問題(ti)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理(li)部(bu)門可以(yi)采取以(yi)下措施(shi)來將其解決：

2.1 對(dui)機械設備進(jin)行隨時更新

當前，一(yi)些建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)素喲使用的(de)(de)(de)機械設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)不是非常的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)，此外(wai)還存(cun)在著(zhu)無法充分(fen)滿足(zu)施工需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)，所以也(ye)無法很好的(de)(de)(de)真正的(de)(de)(de)做到跟(gen)上時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)步伐，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)也(ye)就使得企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在一(yi)些大型(xing)項目建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候會(hui)受到很多的(de)(de)(de)約束，對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)健康發展(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)十分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)不利。在這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，一(yi)定要(yao)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)按(an)照企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)當今發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)和(he)(he)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)對機械設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)改進(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)更新。這(zhe)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在市場經(jing)濟大潮下的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)著(zhu)十分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，它是企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)提升競爭(zheng)力的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個十分(fen)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)途徑，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)也(ye)一(yi)定要(yao)具備(bei)長遠的(de)(de)(de)眼光，要(yao)對一(yi)些已(yi)經(jing)出現故(gu)障，或者是過(guo)于陳舊老(lao)化的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)報(bao)廢處理，此外(wai)還要(yao)更換比較先(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。只有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)，才能更好的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全和(he)(he)平(ping)穩運行(xing)。此外(wai)，國家明令禁止的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)一(yi)定不能出現在工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)才能更好的(de)(de)(de)確保(bao)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性(xing)。

2.2 完善與健全管(guan)理制度

完善和健全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)是提(ti)高管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要依(yi)據，施工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)必(bi)須根據工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)，制(zhi)定科學(xue)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)，并確保其能夠得到(dao)切實(shi)落實(shi)。一般來說，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)都要實(shi)行(xing)統(tong)一規(gui)劃，并由專人(ren)負責，盡可(ke)能將專業(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)與群眾(zhong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)有效(xiao)結(jie)合(he)到(dao)以(yi)期，并將各個(ge)部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職責和權限進(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)一步確定。同時(shi)，還(huan)要加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，建立(li)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)設(she)備技術檔案，并定期對(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)備進(jin)(jin)行(xing)統(tong)一檢(jian)查(cha)，一旦發現(xian)(xian)問題，應第(di)一時(shi)間將問題解決。除此之(zhi)外，為了進(jin)(jin)一步提(ti)高管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性和主動性，在對(dui)(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)行(xing)績效(xiao)制(zhi)度(du)，將每臺機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)設(she)備分(fen)配給專人(ren)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，除特殊情況(kuang)(kuang)外，不要隨(sui)意(yi)變動這些工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)，保持員工(gong)(gong)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定，從而更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。

2.3 強化(hua)員工操作技巧(qiao)的培(pei)訓(xun)

操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)專業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)素質的提(ti)高(gao)(gao)對機械設備的有效管理(li)也具(ju)有重(zhong)要(yao)意義，因此，強(qiang)化員(yuan)工(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)(ji)巧的培(pei)訓也非常重(zhong)要(yao)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應該(gai)根據當(dang)前操(cao)作(zuo)員(yuan)工(gong)的實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況，加大培(pei)訓力度，不僅需要(yao)操(cao)作(zuo)員(yuan)工(gong)對各種類(lei)型機械的使用(yong)方法充分(fen)掌握(wo)，而且對相關業(ye)(ye)務也應該(gai)全面了解。只有這樣，才能夠滿(man)足企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不斷發展(zhan)對操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的需求。與此同時(shi)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)還要(yao)有重(zhong)點地組織操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)開展(zhan)機械設備操(cao)作(zuo)競賽，努(nu)力形成學技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、比技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、鉆業(ye)(ye)務的良好氛圍，并根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的具(ju)體(ti)情況，通過聯系實(shi)(shi)際(ji)問(wen)題及受訓者的知(zhi)(zhi)識基(ji)礎，采用(yong)觀摩學習、示范表演、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)知(zhi)(zhi)識講座(zuo)等形式，有計(ji)劃、有步驟地舉辦各級人(ren)員(yuan)培(pei)訓班(ban)，及時(shi)推(tui)廣、宣傳有實(shi)(shi)效的經驗體(ti)會(hui)，以點帶面，逐步提(ti)高(gao)(gao)機械設備操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的理(li)論知(zhi)(zhi)識、業(ye)(ye)務水(shui)平(ping)和(he)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)(ji)能。

結束語

綜上所述，隨著我國建(jian)筑行(xing)業的飛速發展(zhan)，對機(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)的科(ke)學管(guan)理(li)也(ye)必然會(hui)引起相關部門的高度重視，其不僅直接關系到工(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度，而且對工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)的提升(sheng)也(ye)具(ju)有(you)重要意義。從本文的分析我們能夠看出(chu)，在當前建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中，對于機(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)的管(guan)理(li)，仍然存(cun)在很多有(you)待解決(jue)的問題，工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)理(li)部門必須結合管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作的現(xian)狀，采(cai)取科(ke)學合理(li)的解決(jue)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，從而更好的將機(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)在工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中的作用發揮(hui)出(chu)來，促(cu)進(jin)建(jian)筑行(xing)業的可持續發展(zhan)。

參考文獻

[1]鄭曉軍，張(zhang)瑞(rui)君.淺(qian)談(tan)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)機械管理中存在的(de)問題及措施(shi)[J].城市建(jian)設(she)理論研究（電子版），2012（28）.

篇4

[關鍵(jian)詞]信息化、建筑工程、管理

中圖(tu)分類號：F426.92 文(wen)獻(xian)標(biao)識碼：A 文(wen)章編(bian)號：1009-914X（2016）19-0300-01

現今(jin)，我國信(xin)息化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術與(yu)建筑(zhu)工程行(xing)(xing)業(ye)都得(de)(de)到了迅速發展(zhan)。并且，在現今(jin)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場條件下(xia)，傳統的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)管理方式和現今(jin)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場環境(jing)已經不相適(shi)應(ying)了，不僅對(dui)于現今(jin)建筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)實(shi)際需求不能(neng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)滿足，還會(hui)對(dui)建筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)管理水平提(ti)高產生相應(ying)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)作用(yong)。在這(zhe)種背景下(xia)，就需要對(dui)建筑(zhu)工程管理進(jin)行(xing)(xing)革新，積極利用(yong)信(xin)息化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術，提(ti)高管理水平，進(jin)而使(shi)得(de)(de)建筑(zhu)工程的(de)(de)核心(xin)競(jing)爭(zheng)力得(de)(de)到有(you)效提(ti)高，進(jin)而使(shi)得(de)(de)建筑(zhu)工程的(de)(de)整體效益得(de)(de)到有(you)效提(ti)高。

一、信(xin)息化(hua)在建筑工(gong)程(cheng)管理中的應用現狀

（一）管理(li)水平較(jiao)低

現今(jin)，信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)已(yi)經(jing)得到(dao)廣泛運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，社(she)會上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)各行(xing)各業(ye)都(dou)(dou)開始運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。雖然(ran)現今(jin)建(jian)筑工(gong)程中(zhong)也開始應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，但總體來說(shuo)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不足，管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平較低。目前，在建(jian)筑工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)性，一般都(dou)(dou)是以(yi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為主的(de)(de)(de)單機(ji)操作為主，沒有(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)進(jin)而(er)形成(cheng)網絡(luo)共享(xiang)，實現自動傳遞。這種不足是對(dui)(dui)于(yu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)特點沒有(you)(you)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)。其次是在建(jian)筑工(gong)程中(zhong)雖然(ran)對(dui)(dui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)了利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，但是具(ju)體應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)范圍較窄(zhai)，如網上(shang)采購、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)更新等方(fang)面都(dou)(dou)沒有(you)(you)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)其中(zhong)，這對(dui)(dui)于(yu)建(jian)筑工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平產生一定的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約(yue)[1]。另(ling)外，建(jian)筑工(gong)程在管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)時候，還存在一些管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員自身(shen)問題。管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員在管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)時候還停留在以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)思維(wei)，對(dui)(dui)傳統管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)大(da)加(jia)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，沒有(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)念以(yi)及管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)革新，導致(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平受(shou)到(dao)影響。

（二）信息技術普及(ji)度不夠

在(zai)(zai)(zai)現今的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑工程管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)，相關(guan)人員對信(xin)息技術參與管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)度(du)還比較(jiao)低，對于(yu)信(xin)息化對管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)程所產生的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要作用(yong)沒有充分(fen)認識(shi)。因而(er)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)，對于(yu)該(gai)利用(yong)信(xin)息化技術的(de)(de)(de)何種(zhong)優(you)勢特(te)點都(dou)沒有一(yi)個明確的(de)(de)(de)概念[2]。另外，有的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理人員對于(yu)計算機的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)不夠熟練。這些問題都(dou)會直接限制建(jian)筑工程管(guan)(guan)理，限制了信(xin)息化在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑工程管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)應發揮的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。

（三(san)）信息化(hua)軟件的(de)開發和實際需求存在差(cha)異

在現今的(de)(de)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理中，由于(yu)很多(duo)信息(xi)技(ji)術人(ren)員不(bu)熟悉(xi)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)相關內容，在開發(fa)相關程序的(de)(de)時候，專業知識不(bu)夠，導(dao)致(zhi)開發(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作取得不(bu)了實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)，并且，對于(yu)實(shi)際(ji)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理需求(qiu)也不(bu)能進(jin)(jin)行(xing)滿足。這樣的(de)(de)情況對于(yu)信息(xi)化技(ji)術的(de)(de)優(you)點也沒有(you)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)應用，進(jin)(jin)而造成建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理與信息(xi)化技(ji)術之間沒有(you)實(shi)現協調。

（四）信(xin)息化(hua)技(ji)術人(ren)才出現流失

在建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)，由于建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期較長、周期性(xing)較長，因而(er)其人(ren)員流動(dong)性(xing)很大(da)。這(zhe)就導致(zhi)在建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)人(ren)員也(ye)存在很大(da)的(de)(de)流動(dong)性(xing)。這(zhe)就導致(zhi)在實際施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，由于各種外界因素的(de)(de)影響，如人(ren)為環(huan)境(jing)、自然環(huan)境(jing)等(deng)等(deng)，將會造(zao)成從事信(xin)息化技術開發的(de)(de)人(ren)才也(ye)出(chu)現(xian)很大(da)的(de)(de)流動(dong)性(xing)，進而(er)導致(zhi)市場上(shang)運(yun)用于建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)信(xin)息化技術越來越少，出(chu)現(xian)供(gong)不應求的(de)(de)情況[3]。

二(er)、信息(xi)化技術在(zai)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)管理中(zhong)的應用分(fen)析(xi)

（一）對建筑工程管(guan)理水平(ping)進行提高(gao)

總的(de)(de)(de)來說，不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)業都存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)特殊性(xing)，如建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分類比較多(duo)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)難度較大且其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員存在(zai)較大的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動性(xing)。這時，如果采用(yong)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)念對其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)話就會造成信息(xi)(xi)渠道暢通性(xing)受到影響，進(jin)而使得(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水平受到一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約。因此，在(zai)這種情(qing)況下(xia)，就需要對信息(xi)(xi)技術為建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提(ti)供一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)支持，利用(yong)信息(xi)(xi)化技術實施(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)[4]。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)用(yong)信息(xi)(xi)化技術不僅使得(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作環境以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作模式發生率改(gai)變(bian)，也讓(rang)相關工(gong)作人(ren)員對于管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況可實施(shi)動態監督，打破時空對管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)。并且，在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)實際管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，可以(yi)利用(yong)信息(xi)(xi)化技術與工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單位(wei)、施(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)計單位(wei)等進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有效積極的(de)(de)(de)溝通。當(dang)在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)時候遇到一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，可以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時對問(wen)題(ti)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)上報，促進(jin)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時解決。

（二(er)）對建(jian)筑工程施工技術(shu)水平進行提高

現(xian)今，社會不斷發(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不管(guan)(guan)在(zai)規模上還是(shi)在(zai)數(shu)量上都(dou)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)廣(guang)泛發(fa)展(zhan)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)充分滿足。在(zai)一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上，使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)(xing)加(jia)大。這(zhe)時，在(zai)其中(zhong)充分運用(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)效(xiao)解決這(zhe)些問題(ti)。信息化(hua)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)提高(gao)，且使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質量也(ye)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)一(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。如在(zai)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)以及(ji)(ji)自動化(hua)方面(mian)，不僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)人力(li)資源得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)廣(guang)泛減(jian)少，還能(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)資源以及(ji)(ji)配置可(ke)(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)整[5]。另外(wai)，在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)信息化(hua)技(ji)術，可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)動態監督以及(ji)(ji)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)整，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)技(ji)術水平以及(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量都(dou)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)提高(gao)。最后(hou)，在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)合(he)理應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)辦公(gong)自動化(hua)軟件，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)將建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)資源進(jin)(jin)(jin)行合(he)理應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，還能(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)集以及(ji)(ji)整理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)開展(zhan)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而使(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)以及(ji)(ji)準確性(xing)(xing)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步保(bao)證。

結語

綜(zong)上所述，隨著我國經(jing)濟科(ke)技的(de)不斷發展，我國現今已經(jing)進入到(dao)信(xin)息(xi)化社會。在社會生(sheng)活的(de)方方面面，信(xin)息(xi)化技術(shu)都得到(dao)了充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)應用。尤(you)其在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)中，由于(yu)其屬于(yu)一個系(xi)統(tong)工程(cheng)(cheng)，具有較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)復(fu)雜性，因此，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)中存在較(jiao)(jiao)大難(nan)度，難(nan)以進行(xing)系(xi)統(tong)管(guan)理(li)。這時，在管(guan)理(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中對信(xin)息(xi)技術(shu)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)應用，不僅可以使得工作效(xiao)率(lv)得到(dao)提高，還能使得管(guan)理(li)水平得到(dao)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)提高，最終促進整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量得到(dao)提高。

參考文獻

[1] 劉建文.信息化在建筑工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理中的應用(yong)[J].智能城市，2016，03：115-116.

[2] 黎冠威.試析信(xin)息化在建筑工程管理中(zhong)的應用[J].江西建材(cai)，2016，17：273+276.

[3] 任貴(gui)剛.淺(qian)析(xi)信(xin)息化在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程管理中的應用及發展[J].建(jian)材與(yu)裝飾，2016，21：185-186.

篇5

關鍵詞：建筑(zhu)工程；工程管理(li)； 現狀； 解決對策(ce)

Abstract: with the continuous development of building market continues to improve, the market economy, the construction management as a management science learning, is a complex system engineering. Strengthening the construction management is an important foundation of building the goal of enterprise development, has a very important significance to the management level for construction enterprise long-term development.

Keywords: construction project; project management; current situation; Countermeasures

中圖分類號(hao)：TU71文(wen)(wen)獻標識碼：A文(wen)(wen)章編號(hao)：2095-2104（2013）

隨著我國(guo)經濟的(de)飛(fei)速發展和現(xian)代(dai)城市建設步伐的(de)加快，市場競爭也(ye)日趨(qu)激烈，這就要求我們就項(xiang)目施(shi)工的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)在(zai)以往的(de)基礎上，要不斷深(shen)化、細化以取(qu)得更大(da)的(de)社會效益和經濟效益。施(shi)工管(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)一項(xiang)較(jiao)為復雜(za)的(de)工作，要有(you)針對(dui)(dui)性的(de)對(dui)(dui)具(ju)體項(xiang)目制定糾正預防措施(shi)，并貫徹實施(shi)，使各(ge)施(shi)工管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員在(zai)不斷解決(jue)問題的(de)過程中(zhong)提(ti)高水平。

一(yi)、我國建筑(zhu)工(gong)程管(guan)理的(de)現狀(zhuang)

1、對建筑工(gong)程管理的思想認識不(bu)足

近年來建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)的迅(xun)猛發展給建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)帶來了良好機遇。各(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)都(dou)以(yi)承攬作(zuo)為首要(yao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，進而往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)忽略了對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)， 管(guan)(guan)(guan)理混亂以(yi)至于(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量下降、成本增加， 最終影響了企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的經濟(ji)效益和社(she)會(hui)形象(xiang)，不利于(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的長遠發展。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)必須要(yao)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理給與足夠重(zhong)視，從(cong)思想上敲響警(jing)鐘。

2、缺乏健全(quan)的管理體(ti)制

目(mu)前，我國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中，管理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)不健全是尤為突(tu)出的(de)(de)重點問(wen)題之一。健全的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)要設置功能齊全的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)和(he)機構(gou)，并根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)實際需求(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)別(bie)配(pei)備數(shu)量(liang)不等的(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)，以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)中各(ge)項(xiang)具體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。但是我國(guo)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)為了(le)(le)節(jie)省人(ren)員(yuan)開(kai)支，大量(liang)削減(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)，這就造成管理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)和(he)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)殘(can)缺(que)，甚至引發了(le)(le)管理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)不得不身兼數(shu)職(zhi)的(de)(de)現象。缺(que)乏(fa)健全的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也就無從(cong)談起(qi)了(le)(le)。

3、工程管理制度落實困難

近年(nian)來(lai)，我(wo)國中(zhong)央以及地(di)方各(ge)級建(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)業主管(guan)部(bu)門頒布和出(chu)臺了(le)一系列(lie)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)文(wen)件和相關規定，制(zhi)定了(le)許多相關管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度，逐漸加強了(le)對建(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)業的(de)監督與管(guan)理(li)力度。然而，在下發(fa)到各(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程單(dan)位以后, 各(ge)單(dan)位并未對其(qi)認(ren)真(zhen)貫徹落實，導致這些(xie)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度成為 “一紙(zhi)空文(wen)”，難(nan)以發(fa)揮(hui)實際管(guan)理(li)作(zuo)用,這是我(wo)國建(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)業管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)現階段面(mian)臨的(de)主要難(nan)題之(zhi)一。

二(er)、創新(xin)建筑工程管理的理念(nian)

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平提(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)基礎和(he)指導思(si)想，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)升建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)元素之一(yi)(yi)。我(wo)國(guo)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)表面(mian)層次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容較多，而(er)相對(dui)忽略了(le)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際效果(guo)和(he)意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究與分析，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極其不利于我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工作發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。現代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)針對(dui)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)而(er)言的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)對(dui)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)進行適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革新(xin)(xin)(xin)與完善，并(bing)要(yao)不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填充(chong)現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)元素和(he)思(si)想，以徹底(di)實(shi)現建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，尤(you)其要(yao)注意(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度與方向，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度要(yao)適中(zhong)(zhong)，既不要(yao)冒進，又不要(yao)停滯不前(qian);發(fa)展(zhan)方向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不要(yao)片面(mian)追求新(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論(lun)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)觀點(dian)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)思(si)想，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)結(jie)合中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)，逐步(bu)建(jian)立一(yi)(yi)套具有(you)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)。

三、抓好項目工程(cheng)人員管(guan)理

建(jian)筑工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)全(quan)過程(cheng)都需要(yao)各類(lei)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)參與，所以對人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是建(jian)筑工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)心(xin)。為了達到高(gao)(gao)效率的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，首先就是要(yao)組(zu)(zu)建(jian)高(gao)(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)團(tuan)隊，確(que)(que)定(ding)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織結構和(he)(he)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵核(he)(he)心(xin)人(ren)物，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)素質(zhi)應符合(he)政(zheng)治素質(zhi)、領導素質(zhi)、知識素質(zhi)、實踐經(jing)(jing)驗、身體素質(zhi)五個(ge)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機構的(de)(de)(de)設置及編制(zhi)， 由項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)申報企(qi)業高(gao)(gao)層領導審批、備案后確(que)(que)定(ding)。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)組(zu)(zu)織機構要(yao)建(jian)立項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)部(bu)績(ji)效管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦(ban)法(fa)及完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu) HSE監督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵約束機制(zhi)，有效遏制(zhi)了“低、老、壞”作(zuo)(zuo)風，提高(gao)(gao)了項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)從管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)職能上來分，主(zhu)要(yao)分為績(ji)效考核(he)(he)、檢查監督(du)、 項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實施三(san)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模塊，要(yao)明確(que)(que)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)部(bu)門(men)主(zhu)要(yao)負(fu)責人(ren)和(he)(he)各組(zu)(zu)主(zhu)要(yao)職責。

四、加強工程質量控制

1、建立(li)完(wan)善的(de)質量管理(li)體系

工程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)體系(xi)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)按管(guan)(guan)理(li)手(shou)冊、程(cheng)(cheng)序文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、作業(ye)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)三(san)級編(bian)制(zhi)。編(bian)制(zhi)專門的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)， 作業(ye)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。管(guan)(guan)理(li)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)，項目部組織各分包商按照管(guan)(guan)理(li)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)要求，針對各自的(de)施工任務編(bian)制(zhi)相應的(de)作業(ye)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，如質量(liang)計劃(hua)書、現場(chang)檢查表等。

2、執行(xing)全過程質(zhi)量管理

在工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)開工(gong)準備(bei)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)、施(shi)工(gong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)、竣工(gong)驗收階(jie)(jie)段(duan)三個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)都(dou)進行(xing)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)，安排落實專職(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)到(dao)每(mei)(mei)(mei)一個(ge)質(zhi)量管理崗(gang)位，嚴格按照(zhao)制(zhi)(zhi)定的(de)項目管理全(quan)過程(cheng)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)流程(cheng)來(lai)執(zhi)行(xing)。在每(mei)(mei)(mei)一個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，根據階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)實際情況(kuang)，按照(zhao)此階(jie)(jie)段(duan)質(zhi)量管理的(de)流程(cheng)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)一項工(gong)作都(dou)要(yao)認真負責。每(mei)(mei)(mei)一個(ge)工(gong)作報表，每(mei)(mei)(mei)一個(ge)檢查(cha)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)一次審核(he)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)一次執(zhi)行(xing)都(dou)要(yao)按照(zhao)流程(cheng)圖來(lai)執(zhi)行(xing)。

3、發揮“人(ren)的因素第一(yi)”的主(zhu)導作用

如上(shang)所述(shu)，把(ba)人(ren)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)作為(wei)全過程控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)重點(dian)。對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員，根據(ju)職(zhi)責分工，必須盡職(zhi)盡責，做(zuo)好本(ben)職(zhi)工作，同時(shi)(shi)搞好團結(jie)協作，對(dui)(dui)不稱職(zhi)的(de)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員及時(shi)(shi)調(diao)整。對(dui)(dui)外包施工隊(dui)伍嚴(yan)格(ge)施工資(zi)質(zhi)審(shen)查，并進(jin)行考(kao)核上(shang)崗施工。在編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)施工計劃(hua)時(shi)(shi)，全面考(kao)慮各種(zhong)因素對(dui)(dui)工程質(zhi)量的(de)影響和人(ren)與(yu)任務的(de)平(ping)衡，防止造成人(ren)為(wei)事故。

五、保(bao)證工程項目進(jin)度

1、 要做好計劃、跟(gen)蹤(zong)、調度(du)三項工作(zuo)

根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)程特點，項目(mu)執行計(ji)劃(hua)可采(cai)用國際先進的 P3 軟件(jian)編制(zhi)出倒排式項目(mu)計(ji)劃(hua)，對工(gong)(gong)程總(zong)體(ti)進度、設計(ji)、采(cai)辦、市場開發(fa)等(deng)各項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制(zhi)定出明(ming)(ming)晰(xi)具體(ti)的分級實(shi)施(shi)計(ji)劃(hua)，明(ming)(ming)確工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容、完成時間、責(ze)任主體(ti)、保(bao)障措施(shi)、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)標準等(deng)，并建立健(jian)全(quan)了從(cong)上至下四(si)級控制(zhi)體(ti)系，將責(ze)任層(ceng)層(ceng)分解，最(zui)終落實(shi)，保(bao)證了工(gong)(gong)程建設的順利進行。

2、建立流暢(chang)、有序(xu)的工程(cheng)調度(du)體(ti)系

流暢、有(you)序的工(gong)(gong)程調(diao)度體系，極(ji)大地促進(jin)了(le)工(gong)(gong)程協調(diao)平衡、整(zheng)體推進(jin)。同時，把工(gong)(gong)作重點(dian)放在控制和(he)協調(diao)整(zheng)個項(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)展(zhan)上，以項(xiang)目(mu)計劃為(wei)剛性指標(biao)(biao)，每月(yue)召開一次總結(jie)會，檢查分析上月(yue)計劃執行(xing)情況，安(an)排部署(shu)下月(yue)計劃，并制定措施(shi)促使各項(xiang)指標(biao)(biao)不(bu)折不(bu)扣執行(xing)。

3、進度(du)計劃(hua)及(ji)時更新

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要重視進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)及(ji)(ji)時更(geng)新(xin)。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)標準是(shi)(shi)進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)。進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)示項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)中各個(ge)單位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或各個(ge)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序、開竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間及(ji)(ji)相互銜(xian)接關系(xi)的(de)(de)計劃(hua)(hua)，編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)是(shi)(shi)計劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)，及(ji)(ji)時更(geng)新(xin)的(de)(de)進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)指導(dao)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)順利進行(xing)。以(yi)某工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)為例，其完成期限為 1 年，要按照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)表(biao)(biao)，針對每一個(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)節都是(shi)(shi)有(you)具體(ti)的(de)(de)時間計劃(hua)(hua)和安排，并且按照這(zhe)個(ge)進度(du)(du)(du)時間表(biao)(biao)，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)全面的(de)(de)跟蹤和管(guan)理，建立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)調(diao)度(du)(du)(du)體(ti)系(xi)。在總的(de)(de)進度(du)(du)(du)表(biao)(biao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之下，每一個(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)節都有(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)時間進度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安排，明確(que)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作內容和預期的(de)(de)完成時間、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作標準、保(bao)障措(cuo)施(shi)等，建立(li)從高層(ceng)到項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理層(ceng)在到基層(ceng)實(shi)施(shi)層(ceng)由上(shang)至下的(de)(de)循環(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)，及(ji)(ji)時更(geng)新(xin)和調(diao)整進度(du)(du)(du)計劃(hua)(hua)，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)(du)能夠按照預期的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標完成。

六、 注重(zhong)成本控制中的各(ge)個環節

1.依靠(kao)先進的(de)技術以(yi)及工藝實(shi)現對成本的(de)降低

承包(bao)人在具體(ti)施工開始(shi)之(zhi)前需要制(zhi)定出(chu)科學、合理有效的(de)節約措施，對(dui)將會(hui)使用(yong)在施工過程中的(de)新(xin)材料(liao)、新(xin)工藝(yi)(yi)、新(xin)設備等做好(hao)的(de)統一的(de)規劃和周(zhou)密(mi)安(an)排。在方(fang)案實現驗證之(zhi)后(hou)， 對(dui)確定下來的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)方(fang)案以及(ji)施工工藝(yi)(yi)應該(gai)堅(jian)決貫徹(che)落實，并保(bao)證其(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)可以得到安(an)全可靠的(de)順利(li)實施。

2、實現施工(gong)組織設(she)計上的優(you)化

 建(jian)筑(zhu)企業需要從工(gong)(gong)程承包的源頭，也就是從投標報價、中標成交以及(ji)合同簽訂等階段抓起(qi)，依據工(gong)(gong)程的規模、性質以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)藝特點， 并充分(fen)結合建(jian)筑(zhu)企業自身的施工(gong)(gong)能(neng)力、工(gong)(gong)藝裝(zhuang)備以及(ji)技術水(shui)平，實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)動能(neng)最(zui)(zui)大(da)程度上(shang)(shang)的調動，對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)組織設計進行(xing)修(xiu)改和完善(shan)，選擇其中最(zui)(zui)經濟、最(zui)(zui)科學、最(zui)(zui)合理(li)的施工(gong)(gong)方案，對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)中的每個(ge)階段實(shi)現(xian)合理(li)安排(pai)，在組織流(liu)水(shui)作業、強化管(guan)理(li)、控制施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期的同時，實(shi)現(xian)成本支出上(shang)(shang)的減少。

3、加強材料(liao)費管理(li)，做好材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)的有(you)效控(kong)制

材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)成本(ben)中占(zhan)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重，節約材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)費(fei)用(yong)，對降低成本(ben)有(you)著十分重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)管理要從(cong)原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購、供應等源頭(tou)抓起，嚴格(ge)把好質量(liang)、定價、選(xuan)購、驗收入庫(ku)、出(chu)(chu)庫(ku)使用(yong)、限額領用(yong)、余(yu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)回(hui)收、材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)消耗、盤(pan)點(dian)核算等關鍵環節。對所(suo)要耗用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)、料(liao)(liao)(liao)、費(fei)按成本(ben)目(mu)標(biao)進行支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)和(he)有(you)效監(jian)控(kong)，預(yu)防和(he)糾正隨時產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)差(cha)，避免材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)超(chao)期儲存積壓， 切實把實際發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)在目(mu)標(biao)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內。

七、結束語

綜上所(suo)述(shu)，建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理貫穿(chuan)于建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)，建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)好壞(huai)直接關系到建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量、進度、安全(quan)等(deng)諸多方(fang)面(mian)。因此(ci)，在建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)，必須創新和(he)完善施工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理機制，加強管(guan)(guan)理力度，這樣(yang)才能確保建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)順(shun)利完成。

篇6

Abstract: Along with the building construction team and the constant development and expansion. Housing project management problem has caused the quality level is not stable, the construction management confusion, safety accidents occur frequently. Therefore, the problem of the housing construction project management inquiry is of vital importance. In this paper, the problem of housing construction project management is analyzed.

中圖分類(lei)號： TU198 文獻標識碼： A 文章編號：

1.引言

隨著我(wo)國對基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)建設(she)投資的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷增加，以及對西(xi)部開(kai)(kai)發(fa)建設(she)戰(zhan)略的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，城鄉建設(she)事(shi)業得到(dao)了(le)(le)前所未有(you)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)也不(bu)(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)壯大(da)。房屋建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)中的(de)(de)(de)問題造成了(le)(le)質量(liang)水平不(bu)(bu)穩定，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場管(guan)理(li)混亂，安全事(shi)故時有(you)發(fa)生，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度緩慢，材料浪費，效(xiao)益低下的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)良后果。改革開(kai)(kai)放(fang)20年來，盡管(guan)建筑(zhu)業取得了(le)(le)令人矚(zhu)目的(de)(de)(de)進步，為國民(min)經濟的(de)(de)(de)持續發(fa)展(zhan)作出了(le)(le)巨大(da)貢(gong)獻。但是，建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)依然存(cun)在不(bu)(bu)少問題。當前我(wo)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)狀況(kuang)是:工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)穩中有(you)升。

房(fang)屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)與國(guo)家和社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)面面息(xi)息(xi)相關。據全(quan)國(guo)消費者(zhe)協會(hui)公布消費者(zhe)投(tou)訴(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)大(da)熱(re)點(dian)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)排在首要(yao)位置；更加之 2008 年我(wo)(wo)國(guo)遭遇(yu)(yu)百年不(bu)遇(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)地(di)震，地(di)震給房(fang)屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)提出了更高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，也引起全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督管(guan)理(li)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)考。因(yin)此，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)水平成(cheng)為目(mu)前亟待解決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。房(fang)屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)受(shou)很多方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，其中任何一個(ge)因(yin)素出現問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，都(dou)有可能(neng)導(dao)致整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)功虧一簣，質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督與控制是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)單(dan)位工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。雖(sui)然我(wo)(wo)國(guo)對質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)已(yi)經(jing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立相關體系，但(dan)是(shi)伴隨著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業作(zuo)為拉(la)動內需(xu)、推動我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟持(chi)續快速(su)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)產業，逐步完善建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)與控制體系已(yi)成(cheng)為事關建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)場(chang)運行(xing)機制改革成(cheng)敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)因(yin)素,加強建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)勢在必(bi)行(xing)，同時，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立或完善適合于建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)也是(shi)至關重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

2.房屋建(jian)筑工程管(guan)理(li)中的問題分析

2.1施工(gong)隊伍管理方面

現在(zai)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑行業(ye)多(duo)數沒嚴格按照(zhao)國家相(xiang)關政策和(he)規(gui)范要(yao)求來控制建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑項目的(de)(de)不連(lian)續性，基(ji)本是(shi)完成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)項結算一(yi)個(ge)項目，這(zhe)就造成(cheng)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)"兼職"化(hua)現象的(de)(de)出現，沒有正規(gui)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍。基(ji)本都是(shi)在(zai)接(jie)到一(yi)個(ge)項目時(shi)臨(lin)時(shi)尋找(zhao)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)，這(zhe)種"兼職"化(hua)的(de)(de)隊伍由于(yu)(yu)(yu)缺乏專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)培訓以及相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)知識，使得建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不達標。再加上施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作和(he)生活缺乏相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)保障，致使施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)關注重點是(shi)只想(xiang)盡快拿到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)錢(qian)，至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)他(ta)們并不過度關心，只是(shi)按照(zhao)管理人(ren)員安(an)排(pai)完成(cheng)任(ren)務罷了。

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)責(ze)任(ren)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)位也(ye)是(shi)現代(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)大問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。有(you)很多建筑(zhu)(zhu)企業(ye)(ye)甚(shen)(shen)至是(shi)掛牌(pai)企業(ye)(ye)沒(mei)有(you)正規的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，沒(mei)有(you)正規的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍。只是(shi)關注(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)，利用各種手(shou)段拿到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)再層層轉(zhuan)包交由其他施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)負(fu)責(ze)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這樣(yang)轉(zhuan)包之后資金(jin)的(de)(de)截(jie)留(liu)致使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)資金(jin)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)偷(tou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)減料完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)也(ye)就不(bu)(bu)言而(er)喻了(le)。有(you)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)企業(ye)(ye)雖(sui)有(you)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，但只是(shi)掛牌(pai)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，一(yi)(yi)旦接到(dao)項(xiang)目(mu)就轉(zhuan)由臨時(shi)找來的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)負(fu)責(ze)，而(er)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)只是(shi)名義負(fu)責(ze)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)真正參與管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。由于臨時(shi)找來管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)兼職性，他們并(bing)不(bu)(bu)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)作為管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)重點，加(jia)上責(ze)任(ren)感(gan)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)強(qiang)，致使(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)容易出現，就算(suan)出現質量(liang)(liang)也(ye)找相關的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)人(ren)(ren)，這種掛牌(pai)現象使(shi)得建筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層相當混亂(luan)。往往是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)尚(shang)未完成就已經尋找下(xia)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)目(mu)甚(shen)(shen)至接手(shou)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)了(le)，不(bu)(bu)管(guan)是(shi)精力(li)還是(shi)注(zhu)意力(li)都勢必(bi)會分(fen)散，若管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層次出了(le)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)就很難(nan)保證了(le)。

現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)責任心(xin)也不(bu)到(dao)(dao)位(wei)，即(ji)使(shi)是(shi)負(fu)責項(xiang)目安全(quan)的(de)(de)專業人(ren)員(yuan)也存在(zai)(zai)懶惰心(xin)理(li)。建(jian)筑單位(wei)截留資金到(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方時(shi)(shi)所(suo)剩下較少，然而(er)現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)要求工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)按質(zhi)(zhi)、按期(qi)繼續進行，造(zao)成(cheng)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方只能在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)做手腳。而(er)有(you)的(de)(de)是(shi)外聘臨時(shi)(shi)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)，真正負(fu)責的(de)(de)確是(shi)個掛牌管(guan)(guan)理(li)。這(zhe)樣臨時(shi)(shi)聘請的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)往往存在(zai)(zai)著干一天算一天的(de)(de)心(xin)理(li)，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)不(bu)上(shang)心(xin)，不(bu)負(fu)責。最終落(luo)實(shi)到(dao)(dao)建(jian)筑質(zhi)(zhi)量方面必定會造(zao)成(cheng)建(jian)筑質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)不(bu)合格。由于我國實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)終身(shen)責任制，這(zhe)種問題在(zai)(zai)最近(jin)幾年已經得到(dao)(dao)一定的(de)(de)遏制。

監理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)夠為(wei)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)作提(ti)供全天侯的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)，從而降低(di)施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中質(zhi)(zhi)量通病的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。監理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)是獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)，這使得(de)他們能(neng)(neng)夠相對公正的(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)對施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量進(jin)行(xing)監督。但是，在當前的(de)(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，監理(li)的(de)(de)(de)作用往往被(bei)忽視(shi)，這使得(de)他們處(chu)于可有(you)(you)可無的(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)(wei)，有(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)了(le)追求工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度，往往還(huan)刻意地削減工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)監控環節，這些(xie)(xie)做(zuo)法(fa)使得(de)使質(zhi)(zhi)量通病得(de)以暢通無阻，處(chu)于失控狀態；最終既節省不(bu)了(le)成本、加快不(bu)了(le)進(jin)度，還(huan)給工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量埋下危險的(de)(de)(de)隱患(huan)。因此，在施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，應(ying)當使監理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)作用得(de)到充分的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮(hui)。同時(shi)，應(ying)當借鑒國外(wai)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，充分發(fa)揮(hui)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會的(de)(de)(de)作用。近些(xie)(xie)年，隨著(zhu)我國市場經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷完善和政府(fu)職(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)轉化，行(xing)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會必然會發(fa)揮(hui)越(yue)來越(yue)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用，為(wei)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量提(ti)供一定的(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)。

2.2施工(gong)過程方面

建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程需要(yao)大(da)量的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)，建(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)是否合格直(zhi)(zhi)接關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)筑質量。而建(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)的(de)(de)選取及使用(yong)配(pei)比就掌握在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位管理(li)(li)人(ren)員手中(zhong)，現在的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)建(jian)(jian)筑實行(xing)終身負責(ze)制使材料(liao)控制得到(dao)了一(yi)定的(de)(de)改善，但在此之前(qian)建(jian)(jian)筑行(xing)業偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)減料(liao)的(de)(de)事情時有(you)發生(sheng)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)會使用(yong)大(da)量的(de)(de)水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)、沙子、鋼筋(jin)。水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)質量嚴(yan)重關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)整體質量，關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)著建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)安全性(xing)及耐用(yong)性(xing)。沙子的(de)(de)配(pei)比也相當重要(yao)，一(yi)些小規模施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位自(zi)己不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)產水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)、沙子、鋼筋(jin)等原(yuan)材料(liao)，直(zhi)(zhi)接從(cong)外面購進(jin)，然而不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程對水(shui)泥(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)硬(ying)化度(du)，沙子的(de)(de)濕度(du)，及配(pei)比度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)同，而建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方缺乏專業的(de)(de)檢測(ce)人(ren)員和管理(li)(li)人(ren)員，只是將(jiang)購進(jin)的(de)(de)原(yuan)材料(liao)直(zhi)(zhi)接交(jiao)由施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)進(jin)行(xing)隨意配(pei)置，根本不(bu)(bu)進(jin)行(xing)深加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和檢測(ce)，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)致使施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量難以達標。

2.3質量控(kong)制方面(mian)

2.3.1鋼筋混凝土構造柱問題

每一棟樓房，每一個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)由鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)構(gou)造(zao)柱支(zhi)撐起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)構(gou)造(zao)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)、密集(ji)度以(yi)及鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)質量(liang)(liang)、鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)使(shi)用數(shu)量(liang)(liang)都(dou)(dou)直(zhi)接與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體質量(liang)(liang)相關。現(xian)(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)尤其是(shi)(shi)地震(zhen)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗震(zhen)能力要(yao)求較(jiao)高。然(ran)而現(xian)(xian)在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)往往出現(xian)(xian)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)柱不(bu)足，或是(shi)(shi)少(shao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)或是(shi)(shi)質量(liang)(liang)不(bu)合格等問題。原(yuan)因有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工人思想意識還停留(liu)在過去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求上(shang)，對(dui)現(xian)(xian)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求不(bu)清楚；有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)受(shou)利(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅使(shi)減少(shao)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)以(yi)節(jie)約成本(ben)。鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工也存(cun)在著很(hen)多問題，比(bi)如說位置不(bu)對(dui)，鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接不(bu)合理，水泥柱里鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)足等諸多問題都(dou)(dou)有(you)存(cun)在。

2.3.2磚(zhuan)的問題(ti)

磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)表現(xian)在(zai)兩方(fang)面(mian)，其一(yi)(yi)表現(xian)在(zai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外形上(shang)，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格不(bu)(bu)合理、不(bu)(bu)統一(yi)(yi)致使磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌起來(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)整，與鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土板銜(xian)接處不(bu)(bu)密(mi)實，由于(yu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)質不(bu)(bu)同甚至會出現(xian)粘結問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。其二是磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)質及燒(shao)制(zhi)(zhi)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，現(xian)在(zai)賣的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是灰沙(sha)壓制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，由于(yu)其硬度不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)和燒(shao)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相比，而且由于(yu)原材(cai)(cai)料漲價問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)使磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燒(shao)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)充(chong)分(fen)。壓制(zhi)(zhi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)后期高溫養護不(bu)(bu)足，造成所制(zhi)(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)質量上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砌角不(bu)(bu)合格，建筑(zhu)施(shi)工起來(lai)(lai)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)難度。這(zhe)就對(dui)建筑(zhu)施(shi)工工人提出了較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，需要(yao)(yao)采用嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)切割技術以(yi)滿足對(dui)建筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊要(yao)(yao)求。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壘起要(yao)(yao)架在(zai)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土梁上(shang)，然而一(yi)(yi)些施(shi)工方(fang)為了節約成本，設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土梁不(bu)(bu)合格，偏細(xi)，里面(mian)鋼(gang)筋(jin)數(shu)偏少，以(yi)致本來(lai)(lai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塊完(wan)全可以(yi)建在(zai)上(shang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)要(yao)(yao)懸(xuan)空，勢必對(dui)建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性和耐用性產生一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。

2.3.3地(di)基(ji)問題

現在的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)高層建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)地(di)(di)基要求尤(you)為嚴格，但是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)基也是(shi)(shi)樓盤(pan)建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)相對(dui)耗費工時(shi)和資(zi)金(jin)較多的(de)(de)部分，地(di)(di)基的(de)(de)質(zhi)量關系著(zhu)整(zheng)(zheng)棟建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)牢固性。現代地(di)(di)基的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設要求是(shi)(shi)鋼筋混凝(ning)土構成(cheng)統一整(zheng)(zheng)體即(ji)使發生地(di)(di)震等嚴重事故只是(shi)(shi)樓盤(pan)的(de)(de)移(yi)動不(bu)至(zhi)于倒塌，主要是(shi)(shi)防止地(di)(di)震災害發生時(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)損(sun)失。然而一些施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)抱著(zhu)僥幸心理(li)認為地(di)(di)震的(de)(de)發生完全是(shi)(shi)小概率(lv)事件，地(di)(di)震不(bu)發生樓盤(pan)就不(bu)會出現這(zhe)方面的(de)(de)問題，于是(shi)(shi)偷工減料在地(di)(di)基建(jian)(jian)設上動手腳，降低(di)了建(jian)(jian)筑成(cheng)本(ben)卻使建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)質(zhi)量也走了下坡路。

3.結 語

現(xian)代社會比(bi)較關注(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)安全性(xing)與耐用性(xing)，對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求(qiu)也較以往(wang)有所(suo)提高。然而建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方不(bu)管是(shi)在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理還是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的認真和負責的態度上都存在不(bu)少問題，以致建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)合格，會出現(xian)一(yi)些墻體水泥粉刷或瓷片脫落等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)質(zhi)量(liang)問題，給人身和財產安全造(zao)成威脅。因此，必(bi)須加強建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的管理和控制。

參考文獻

[1] 彭(peng)燕莉，曹勝中(zhong).淺(qian)談房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工質量管理[J]建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計管理，2008，（1）.

篇7

關鍵詞：機電安(an)裝(zhuang)；施工技術；電氣工程

中(zhong)圖分類號： TU85 文(wen)獻(xian)標識(shi)碼： A 文(wen)章(zhang)編號：

引言

在(zai)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程中，只(zhi)有做好機(ji)電(dian)設備(bei)安裝工(gong)(gong)程的技術管理工(gong)(gong)作，才能控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)和進度，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的好壞(huai)將決定建(jian)筑使用質量(liang)的高低。

建(jian)筑機電(dian)設備安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程施工(gong)中最主要的(de)部分是機電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、給排水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)、弱(ruo)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、工(gong)程的(de)施工(gong)要點(dian)、施工(gong)程序等(deng)。機電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程的(de)施工(gong)活動覆蓋了設備采購(gou)、安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、調試運行、竣(jun)工(gong)驗收等(deng)幾個階段，總之還是以滿足建(jian)筑物的(de)使用功能為目的(de)。

1.機電安裝

機電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)作為建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，其質量直接影響(xiang)(xiang)到建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物整(zheng)體設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全運行、節能效果及(ji)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物投入(ru)使用(yong)后的(de)(de)使用(yong)功能，因(yin)此直接關(guan)系(xi)(xi)到該建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)社(she)會效益及(ji)經濟效益，機電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)越來越廣泛，涉及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業、民用(yong)、公用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)各類設備(bei)(bei)、電氣、給排(pai)水(shui)、采暖、通風、消防、通信及(ji)自動化控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)。機電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)貫穿在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，主要(yao)部分在(zai)結(jie)構工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結(jie)束(shu)以(yi)后開始施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，并在(zai)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開始以(yi)前(qian)基本結(jie)束(shu)，所(suo)以(yi)對整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期有重(zhong)要(yao)影響(xiang)(xiang)；機電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質量對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)使用(yong)功能有著關(guan)鍵作用(yong)，要(yao)求施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)嚴格(ge)把關(guan)。

2.為了(le)更好(hao)的保證(zheng)建(jian)筑機(ji)電安裝工(gong)程的順(shun)利開展，必須進行建(jian)筑機(ji)電安裝工(gong)程合理、規范的管理。

2.1機(ji)電安(an)裝工程管理

2.1.1施工前材(cai)料(liao)的管理

材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)管理是工程施工的重(zhong)點,在工程施工前,所有(you)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)應(ying)基本(ben)到位(wei)。材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)在訂購前,要對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)生產單位(wei)的生產能力和(he)資質(zhi)進(jin)行評審,以(yi)免因材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的供應(ying)不足、材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)不過關或由于運輸路線復雜而延誤(wu)工期(qi)。施工單位(wei)在材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)到貨后應(ying)組(zu)織(zhi)專業人員(yuan)進(jin)行材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)檢(jian)驗,并索取產品合(he)格(ge)證(zheng),對(dui)外觀質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)嚴重(zhong)缺陷的產品應(ying)予以(yi)退貨,對(dui)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)爭議的材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)圖紙、規范(fan)有(you)要求的材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)應(ying)給予復檢(jian)。

2.1.2施工過程中技術的管理

技(ji)術(shu)人員必(bi)須按(an)照現行的(de)國家標(biao)準、技(ji)術(shu)規范、技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準認真進行圖紙自(zi)審和會審,制訂(ding)正確合理的(de)施(shi)工(gong)方案,施(shi)工(gong)方案主要包括四項內容:施(shi)工(gong)方法的(de)確定、施(shi)工(gong)機具(ju)的(de)選(xuan)擇、施(shi)工(gong)順序(xu)的(de)安排和施(shi)工(gong)的(de)組織(zhi)。施(shi)工(gong)方案的(de)不同,工(gong)期、機具(ju)、費用也會不同,因此(ci),正確選(xuan)擇施(shi)工(gong)方案是降低成(cheng)本的(de)關鍵。

2.2圖(tu)紙設計(ji)管理

圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)前期最主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，也是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)唯一的(de)(de)(de)參(can)考和(he)(he)指導(dao)。建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)由建(jian)筑(zhu)投標(biao)和(he)(he)招標(biao)兩方(fang)面達成一致的(de)(de)(de)產物(wu)，建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)者只是(shi)(shi)在(zai)按(an)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)執行指令(ling)。對建(jian)筑(zhu)安裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理來說，圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管理主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)保證設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing),一方(fang)面要(yao)(yao)求設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing);另(ling)一方(fang)面要(yao)(yao)求設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing)。建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)充分(fen)體現施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)、協調性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)有效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing),要(yao)(yao)求圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)概略表(biao)明各(ge)(ge)項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)組成系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及聯系(xi)(xi)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)協調性(xing)(xing),要(yao)(yao)求各(ge)(ge)項工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之間能(neng)相互說明,互為(wei)解釋。說明各(ge)(ge)種設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)平面位(wei)置(zhi)、說明各(ge)(ge)種設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理、說明各(ge)(ge)種原材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)、參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備材(cai)料表(biao)。各(ge)(ge)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)注重(zhong)復是(shi)(shi)允(yun)許的(de)(de)(de),但必須保證這些標(biao)注的(de)(de)(de)協調一致,保證各(ge)(ge)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之間的(de)(de)(de)協調一致是(shi)(shi)高(gao)層建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)方(fang)面。高(gao)層建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)性(xing)(xing),必須在(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)資格證書(shu)允(yun)許范圍內的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),這樣才(cai)是(shi)(shi)有效(xiao)合法的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),才(cai)可成為(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)結算的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)依據(ju)。

2.3質量管理

建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量的好(hao)壞，對社會治安、經濟發(fa)展、人民生活的影(ying)響(xiang)非常(chang)巨大(da)，建筑(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)電(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，與(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程社會價(jia)值息息相關(guan)，并直接影(ying)響(xiang)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的社會效益(yi)(yi)和經濟效益(yi)(yi)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)電(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)應(ying)該從(cong)以下幾方面開展：

2.3.1施工(gong)前圖紙(zhi)設(she)計質量的控制(zhi)，應注意圖紙(zhi)設(she)計的合理性和簡潔性，保證施工(gong)人員(yuan)能夠(gou)讀懂(dong)圖紙(zhi)，并根據(ju)實際情況(kuang)隨時補充、完善(shan)圖紙(zhi)中(zhong)的不足；

2.3.2機(ji)電(dian)安裝設(she)備的質量(liang)(liang)，是影響建筑機(ji)電(dian)安裝工(gong)程質量(liang)(liang)最關鍵(jian)的因(yin)素(su)，施工(gong)所用的材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、設(she)備必須經過(guo)嚴格(ge)的質量(liang)(liang)檢查和評定，嚴格(ge)控制不符合質量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)的原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)入(ru)施工(gong)階段，并建立完(wan)善的原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)追溯制度；

2.3.3施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的質(zhi)量控(kong)制也是質(zhi)量管理的重要方(fang)面，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者必須嚴格按照設計圖(tu)紙進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并注意施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的規范性，不能隨意變(bian)更作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業方(fang)式和作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)范圍(wei)，質(zhi)量控(kong)制者要對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行全面、系(xi)統(tong)的質(zhi)量檢查、登記、考核(he)制度，對質(zhi)量不符合標準的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)不能進入(ru)下一道施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序；

2.3.4施工后(hou)期(qi)的(de)調試階段(duan)，應嚴(yan)格按照要(yao)求對(dui)設備、系統進行調試，不能精簡步驟、跳躍(yue)式調試，并(bing)建立完(wan)善(shan)的(de)調試記(ji)錄(lu)，記(ji)錄(lu)必須真實、準確、完(wan)整、詳(xiang)細，對(dui)不符合要(yao)求的(de)設備要(yao)予以及時更換。

2.4施(shi)工進度管理(li)

建筑(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)電安(an)(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是在(zai)(zai)裝修(xiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開始之前進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，并需要在(zai)(zai)裝修(xiu)開始時結(jie)束，所以其(qi)進(jin)度(du)(du)會(hui)影響(xiang)整個建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)電安(an)(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度(du)(du)管理是反(fan)映整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍組織水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低，反(fan)應(ying)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)快慢，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用率等各個方面。建筑(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)電安(an)(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)管理需要將施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總(zong)計劃(hua)(hua)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個小部分目標和控制點按(an)(an)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)分解到每(mei)一項、每(mei)一天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)目標中，并嚴格按(an)(an)照計劃(hua)(hua)編制詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日計劃(hua)(hua)、周計劃(hua)(hua)、旬計劃(hua)(hua)、月計劃(hua)(hua)，并在(zai)(zai)明(ming)天(tian)休工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前半(ban)小時召開施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總(zong)結(jie)、協調(diao)會(hui)議，總(zong)結(jie)當天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作完(wan)成情況，安(an)(an)排接下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作開展計劃(hua)(hua)。項目管理者必(bi)須不(bu)定(ding)時檢查施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)，督促施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者按(an)(an)照計劃(hua)(hua)完(wan)成相應(ying)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。保(bao)證機(ji)電安(an)(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)按(an)(an)期竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

2.5 組織管理

建筑(zhu)機電安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理中組織管理的(de)重(zhong)要性是(shi)不言而喻的(de)。組織管理的(de)成(cheng)敗直接關系著這個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程是(shi)否能按時保質(zhi)完(wan)成(cheng)。

為了更好的(de)(de)(de)實施組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，我們應該建立(li)適宜的(de)(de)(de)、具有良(liang)好執行力的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)團(tuan)隊，并做好組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)計劃和責任(ren)分(fen)工，；根據實際情況建立(li)簡潔(jie)、暢通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)溝通(tong)渠道，以保證信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)及(ji)時、全面(mian)、真實的(de)(de)(de)傳輸和反饋，同時應注意(yi)合(he)理(li)、及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)解決組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾沖突(tu)和意(yi)見(jian)分(fen)歧，；加強(qiang)團(tuan)隊整體的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論水平，保證組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利和義務落實。

2.6 合同管理

建筑機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)合同(tong)又稱(cheng)建筑機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)承包(bao)合同(tong)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)合同(tong)，是發包(bao)人(建設單(dan)位(wei)或總包(bao)單(dan)位(wei))和承包(bao)人(施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei))之間，為完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)商定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，明確相互權利、義務關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協議。合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要目標(biao)(biao)是在規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期之內，安規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)符合相關質(zhi)量、規(gui)模和范圍標(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目。合同(tong)管(guan)理(li)就是保證這些(xie)目標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現。合同(tong)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功與失敗，在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗(yan)收時(shi)將(jiang)必然得到(dao)驗(yan)證。合同(tong)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)就能選到(dao)預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益目標(biao)(biao)，否則，將(jiang)造成(cheng)(cheng)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。

2.7機電安裝工(gong)程的竣工(gong)驗收及管理

機電安裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目按工(gong)(gong)程總承包合(he)(he)同范圍和批準的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計文(wen)件規定全部內容已建(jian)(jian)成(cheng),由施工(gong)(gong)單位提(ti)出申請,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單位組織施工(gong)(gong)單位、設(she)(she)(she)計單位、監理單位共同驗收,檢驗各(ge)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程是否達到(dao)設(she)(she)(she)計要求、工(gong)(gong)業建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備能(neng)(neng)夠生產合(he)(he)格(ge)產品；民(min)用建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目能(neng)(neng)夠達到(dao)系統(tong)的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)正常使用,在檢查驗收合(he)(he)格(ge)后,辦理移交(jiao)手續。

3.結語:

機(ji)電安(an)裝項目管(guan)理是一個動態管(guan)理過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)整(zheng)個過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中還要對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材料、設備(bei)采(cai)購、特種設備(bei)及(ji)作業、施工(gong)機(ji)具、技術檔(dang)案資料,以及(ji)回訪(fang)保修有(you)大量的數據和信息需要處理,這就要求(qiu)建立計算機(ji)系(xi)統及(ji)其數據庫,以達到工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)的不斷提高(gao)。

參考文獻:

[1] 麻(ma)蓉莉；淺(qian)談機(ji)(ji)電安(an)裝工程施工技術與(yu)質量管理[J]；礦山機(ji)(ji)械(xie)；2007（9）

篇8

關鍵詞：建筑工程；管理問題；控制重(zhong)點；措施

中圖分(fen)類號： TU198 文(wen)獻標識碼： A 文(wen)章(zhang)編號：

0前言

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作涵蓋的(de)面(mian)(mian)比較廣泛(fan)，包括(kuo)：合同、成本、質量(liang)、進度、安(an)全(quan)、人(ren)(ren)員、機械設備等(deng)多(duo)個(ge)方面(mian)(mian)，并且涉及(ji)的(de)相關部門較多(duo)，有(you)設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、造價、材料(liao)、安(an)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、環境保護(hu)、消防等(deng)單(dan)位，因此建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作是一項復雜(za)而(er)且系統的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。隨著市場經(jing)濟的(de)逐(zhu)步(bu)建(jian)(jian)立，國內建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業逐(zhu)漸改制，企業所(suo)有(you)權的(de)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)化(hua)及(ji)從業人(ren)(ren)員應聘市場化(hua)，導致(zhi)企業內部的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機制和約束力逐(zhu)步(bu)消弱，同時(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市場的(de)競爭日益激(ji)烈等(deng)等(deng)因素，也(ye)造成了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作上的(de)問題不(bu)斷出現。下文主要對此展開敘(xu)述。

1建筑(zhu)工程管理(li)中(zhong)產生問題(ti)的原因

（1）當前的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)市場競爭激烈，很多建筑(zhu)企業(ye)為了(le)節省人員上的(de)(de)開支，削減管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員聘(pin)用兼職人員，這種體(ti)制(zhi)造成(cheng)項目部管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足和管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)班子的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作自然就得不(bu)(bu)到更好的(de)(de)發揮(hui)和落(luo)實。不(bu)(bu)僅如此，有(you)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)企業(ye)還對(dui)成(cheng)本(ben)核算沒(mei)有(you)引起(qi)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)重視，沒(mei)有(you)完(wan)善的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度，施(shi)工(gong)過程中，施(shi)工(gong)組織及管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式老套，簡(jian)單的(de)(de)以(yi)包代管(guan)(guan)、重包輕管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)現象，不(bu)(bu)能有(you)效進行科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)測(ce)算及分(fen)解(jie)，成(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)于形式，造成(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)過高(gao)、施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程質量(liang)難(nan)以(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)局面。

（2）建筑(zhu)施工(gong)分(fen)工(gong)細(xi)致(zhi)，專業(ye)(ye)工(gong)作(zuo)也(ye)劃分(fen)比較(jiao)多，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)每一個專業(ye)(ye)、分(fen)項、工(gong)藝等(deng)所采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)方(fang)法多種多樣，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)不斷壯大的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程來講，新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、新工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用是(shi)推動企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，更(geng)是(shi)提(ti)高工(gong)程質量和經濟效益，提(ti)升企(qi)業(ye)(ye)形象(xiang)創建企(qi)業(ye)(ye)品牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，但是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)某(mou)些(xie)建筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不重視先進科學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)以及創新管理方(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)引入，不注重對(dui)工(gong)程質量管理和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)品牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升，這將制約建筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。

（3）施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)通(tong)過(guo)實施(shi)(shi)和執行合同要求，按(an)期完(wan)成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)合同約(yue)定(ding)內容是企業(ye)(ye)項目(mu)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)目(mu)標(biao)。在項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，氣候、環(huan)境、水文(wen)地質等(deng)客觀因(yin)素(su)(su)對進度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)雖然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可改(gai)變，但一(yi)支管理成熟、有經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)可以通(tong)過(guo)充分了解(jie)、編制科學合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案，最大(da)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減低(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利客觀因(yin)素(su)(su)對項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在實踐過(guo)程中(zhong)常常更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是因(yin)為主觀人為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)影(ying)響(xiang)了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度，如(ru)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供應(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi)、設計出現變更、資金不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到位、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恰當、計劃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周詳、管理不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善、解(jie)決問題不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi)等(deng)。對于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)可控的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主觀因(yin)素(su)(su)如(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能夠有效控制，就難(nan)以實現企業(ye)(ye)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)化。

（4）在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)施(shi)工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)中(zhong)，少(shao)數施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業出(chu)于自(zi)身管(guan)理(li)(li)班子不(bu)穩定、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規章制(zhi)度(du)不(bu)健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)意識薄(bo)弱，為(wei)減低施(shi)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，某(mou)些(xie)(xie)建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業存在(zai)減少(shao)或者忽視(shi)對安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)投入，要求配備的(de)專職安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)數量不(bu)足、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)資金投入不(bu)到位、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)部管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)自(zi)身的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識淡薄(bo)等等現象；對于基層施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)教育做不(bu)到位，對安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)措施(shi)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)設(she)備的(de)不(bu)重視(shi)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)規章制(zhi)度(du)流(liu)于形式。這樣的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)存在(zai)著嚴(yan)重的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)隱患(huan)，極易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故，將給人(ren)民(min)的(de)生(sheng)命財產(chan)(chan)造成(cheng)(cheng)極大的(de)損失(shi)。

2建筑工程管(guan)理中的(de)控(kong)制重點(dian)與措施

2.1成本控制

建(jian)筑企業做好成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是實(shi)(shi)(shi)現企業利潤最大化的(de)(de)方(fang)式之一(yi)。在建(jian)筑項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，首先就需要(yao)對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)進(jin)行分析(xi)，根據統計(ji)核(he)算(suan)、業務核(he)算(suan)和(he)(he)會計(ji)核(he)算(suan)提(ti)供的(de)(de)資料，對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過程(cheng)和(he)(he)影(ying)響(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)因素進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；二是，通(tong)過成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)分析(xi)，可(ke)從(cong)賬簿、報表反(fan)映的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)現象看清(qing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)質，從(cong)而增強項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)透明度和(he)(he)可(ke)控(kong)性(xing)，為加(jia)強成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標創造(zao)條(tiao)件；三是通(tong)過成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)考(kao)核(he)，對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)情況和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業績兩(liang)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)考(kao)核(he)；四是對施工(gong)(gong)生產過程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行動態成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)管(guan)理。在每(mei)個(ge)月(yue)或者每(mei)個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節點以已經(jing)產生的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)與(yu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)（計(ji)劃成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)）作(zuo)比較，如果實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)低于目(mu)(mu)(mu)標成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)說明成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有效；如果實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)高于目(mu)(mu)(mu)標成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)就應(ying)及時進(jin)行糾偏，找出成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)超控(kong)的(de)(de)原因或重新調整施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案工(gong)(gong)藝等(deng)等(deng)，使之符(fu)合目(mu)(mu)(mu)標成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)范圍。竣工(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)考(kao)核(he)也(ye)很重要(yao)，但對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)程(cheng)度不起(qi)決定(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。

2.2質量控制

質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)重(zhong)點，首先施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視項目(mu)(mu)內部(bu)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持施(shi)(shi)權到位、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)到位、責任監督(du)到位。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求項目(mu)(mu)部(bu)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)編制(zhi)(zhi)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)大(da)綱，建立(li)質(zhi)量保(bao)證(zheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，包(bao)括組織體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、責任體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、分(fen)包(bao)監控(kong)措施(shi)(shi)和經濟約束措施(shi)(shi)，把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量落到實處對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖中的(de)難點、重(zhong)點應予以深入的(de)了解、掌握、要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分(fen)做好技術(shu)交(jiao)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中較易出(chu)現(xian)的(de)質(zhi)量難點、通病要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好專項施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案；三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)進入施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)各種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、構配(pei)件、設(she)備(bei)進行有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)基(ji)礎，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)。對(dui)(dui)進場的(de)各種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、構配(pei)件、設(she)備(bei)等，都必(bi)須有(you)出(chu)廠合(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)證(zheng)和試(shi)驗報告；對(dui)(dui)進場的(de)特種設(she)備(bei)，除必(bi)須有(you)合(he)格(ge)(ge)(ge)證(zheng)、準用(yong)證(zheng)和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)證(zheng)明外，還應嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)檢查(cha)(cha)、認(ren)真填寫安裝調試(shi)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)和試(shi)運行記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，按照規(gui)定進行抽檢、復檢，確認(ren)沒(mei)有(you)問(wen)題后，方可投入使(shi)(shi)用(yong)；四是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)質(zhi)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中形(xing)成的(de)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)達到質(zhi)量目(mu)(mu)標的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)。因此，在(zai)每道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，應對(dui)(dui)各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)(shi)進行檢查(cha)(cha)和落實；嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)交(jiao)接檢查(cha)(cha)和隱蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)檢查(cha)(cha)驗收(shou)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，堅持上道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)不經檢查(cha)(cha)驗收(shou)不準進行下道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)原則(ze)；督(du)促施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員嚴格(ge)(ge)(ge)按計劃要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求或施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)范操作(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)不符合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)行為(wei)，堅決進行制(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)不符合(he)規(gui)范要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內容(rong)必(bi)須整改到位。

2.3進度控制

進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)按照承包合同(tong)(tong)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)和時間要(yao)求完成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設任(ren)務，實(shi)現計(ji)劃目(mu)(mu)標。在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)前，首先要(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)一(yi)個切實(shi)可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)科學的(de)(de)(de)總進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)劃；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)保(bao)證實(shi)現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)目(mu)(mu)標，在合同(tong)(tong)簽署后(hou)，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)主(zhu)要(yao)管(guan)理(li)人員及時到(dao)位，并(bing)組織現場(chang)(chang)調查，編(bian)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)，重(zhong)難(nan)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案以及相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)專項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案等(deng)，保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)，每道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)材料、構件、配件應事(shi)先做(zuo)好供應計(ji)劃，包括規(gui)格(ge)、品種、數量以及進(jin)(jin)(jin)場(chang)(chang)時等(deng)準備，并(bing)做(zuo)好各(ge)種物資的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量檢驗、試驗、見證取樣復試等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；四是(shi)(shi)(shi)在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段，必(bi)須綜合考(kao)慮施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)條件，建(jian)筑結構型(xing)式、機械設備功能(neng)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和方法(fa)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織與管(guan)理(li)、建(jian)筑技(ji)術經濟等(deng)因素合理(li)選擇(ze)機械的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)和性能(neng)參數，使之(zhi)合理(li)裝備、配套使用，以提(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)效率；五是(shi)(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)技(ji)術管(guan)理(li)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序管(guan)理(li)，杜絕(jue)因工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)失誤造(zao)成返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或(huo)影響正常的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)，確保(bao)關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)；六是(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總體(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，制(zhi)定(ding)月、周(zhou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)劃，對(dui)照《施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)橫道圖》、《施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)網絡圖》的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)安排，找(zhao)差距(ju)、找(zhao)原因，完善管(guan)理(li)、促進(jin)(jin)(jin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。并(bing)根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)實(shi)際具體(ti)(ti)情況，隨時調整工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)計(ji)劃及關(guan)鍵線路，滿足總體(ti)(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。

2.4安全控制

安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)保障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)財產安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)手段，在(zai)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，首先要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育來提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)每個參(can)(can)與(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采取(qu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)知(zhi)識(shi)測試、張(zhang)貼標語等(deng)多種形(xing)式(shi)對安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)宣傳進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)強(qiang)化安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)；首要(yao)建(jian)立安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，企業法(fa)人代(dai)表是(shi)(shi)公司安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產第(di)一(yi)責任(ren)(ren)人，項目(mu)經理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)項目(mu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產第(di)一(yi)責任(ren)(ren)人，對安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作負有(you)重要(yao)責任(ren)(ren)，就要(yao)求項目(mu)經理(li)(li)必(bi)須積極運用有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)手段、抓(zhua)好(hao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產工(gong)作；二是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產各項規(gui)(gui)章管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)、落實(shi)各崗位各工(gong)種安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)、做(zuo)到(dao)定(ding)(ding)崗定(ding)(ding)職(zhi)，按(an)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)配置專(zhuan)職(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)。三是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部對安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)資金予以充分的(de)(de)(de)保證、配備安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產設備和(he)員(yuan)工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防護用品(pin)；四是(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)保障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)人身(shen)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)設順利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。在(zai)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，首先要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育來提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)每個參(can)(can)與(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采取(qu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)知(zhi)識(shi)測試、張(zhang)貼標語等(deng)多種形(xing)式(shi)對安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)宣傳進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)強(qiang)化安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)；五是(shi)(shi)抓(zhua)好(hao)特殊工(gong)種和(he)新(xin)入職(zhi)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教育。特殊工(gong)種必(bi)須經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)嚴(yan)格培訓考核(he)，持(chi)證上崗。 新(xin)入職(zhi)員(yuan)工(gong)必(bi)須經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)崗前培訓，考核(he)合格后才能上崗；六(liu)是(shi)(shi)加大安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)，專(zhuan)職(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)必(bi)須每天對現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)細致的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)，檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)尺度(du)(du)要(yao)“嚴(yan)”和(he)“準(zhun)”，發(fa)現(xian)隱患(huan)后應立即“按(an)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)”要(yao)求提(ti)出整改(gai)，整改(gai)要(yao)求應根據有(you)關規(gui)(gui)范標準(zhun)結(jie)合現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)實(shi)際情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，同時做(zuo)好(hao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)和(he)整改(gai)記錄，要(yao)求做(zuo)到(dao)“整改(gai)不到(dao)位不放過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、沒有(you)吸取(qu)教訓不放過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、責任(ren)(ren)人沒有(you)處理(li)(li)不放過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”“三不放過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”原則。夜間(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)需(xu)加強(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)和(he)巡視，真正做(zuo)到(dao)“防微杜漸”，消除安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)隱患(huan)，保證過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)“0事(shi)故”責任(ren)(ren)目(mu)標。

3結語

總(zong)之，在(zai)建筑(zhu)市場競爭日益(yi)加劇的(de)(de)(de)今天，建筑(zhu)施工企(qi)(qi)業要想(xiang)獲得(de)生存發(fa)展，就(jiu)必(bi)須不斷(duan)提(ti)高管(guan)理(li)水平、樹立品牌(pai)意識、生產精品建筑(zhu)。在(zai)嚴格遵(zun)守國家的(de)(de)(de)施工規(gui)范標準的(de)(de)(de)同時，加強自身管(guan)理(li)，堅(jian)持創新、強化管(guan)理(li)、提(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業全員的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合素質(zhi)，從施工項目的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本、質(zhi)量、進度和安全等方面(mian)進行全面(mian)、深(shen)入的(de)(de)(de)優化控制， 如此才真正能夠提(ti)高企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)市場競爭力(li)，企(qi)(qi)業才能得(de)到生存和發(fa)展。

參考文獻:

[1]羅純文.對建筑工程管(guan)理的幾點看法(fa)[J].中(zhong)國(guo)新技(ji)術新產品，2008，(10):57.

[2]林勝華.淺談建(jian)(jian)筑工程管理若干問題(ti)及控制措施[J].建(jian)(jian)材(cai)與裝飾，2010，(2):29-30.

篇9

中(zhong)圖分類號：TU198 文(wen)獻(xian)標識碼： A

引言：經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)不斷進步(bu)(bu)和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)推動著我國建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，無論是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)還是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)規模都得到了空(kong)前的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。但是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)同時，也出現了各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。特別是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)存在著各(ge)種(zhong)缺陷，直接制(zhi)約著建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)，成(cheng)為了限(xian)制(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業繼續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素之一(yi)(yi)。因(yin)此，如(ru)何(he)做(zuo)好建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，是現階段建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理者面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。如(ru)何(he)做(zuo)好建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)、提高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性、解決建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，這些問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)時刻(ke)提醒著大(da)家。下面(mian)就對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理相關問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)進行分析(xi)，希(xi)望能夠(gou)改變建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)現狀，推動建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和進步(bu)(bu)。

一、建筑工程安全管理的(de)基本內容(rong)

建設工(gong)程安全生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理，指的(de)是依據國家法律法規和其他有關制(zhi)度(du)標準，通過(guo)各種手段，對建設工(gong)程生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中存在的(de)安全狀況采(cai)取有效(xiao)措(cuo)施的(de)活動(dong)，這是建設工(gong)程管(guan)理者對工(gong)程安全生(sheng)產(chan)活動(dong)進行計劃(hua)、組織、協調、控制(zhi)等活動(dong)的(de)總稱(cheng)。

建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程安全管(guan)理內(nei)容豐富，主(zhu)要(yao)有以下(xia)幾方面內(nei)容。

1.1 安全(quan)制度管理(li)

指的(de)是施(shi)工(gong)項目確定后(hou)，施(shi)工(gong)單位就必須(xu)根據(ju)有關安全(quan)生產法律法規(gui)和制度(du)標準建立(li)與工(gong)程特點相對應(ying)的(de)安全(quan)制度(du)，內(nei)容(rong)涵蓋(gai)責任、教(jiao)育(yu)、檢查、電氣、防爆(bao)、高空作業(ye)、勞動衛(wei)生

等方面。

1.2 安(an)全組織(zhi)管理工作

要求(qiu)建筑工程公司健全安(an)全機構和(he)各項制度，培養(yang)專業化人才，依據相關規(gui)定管理安(an)全生產，在(zai)項目(mu)建設中對工作中可能會出現的問題及早研究，防范未(wei)然。

1.3 安全技(ji)術(shu)管理

指的是(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位必(bi)須針對工(gong)(gong)程特點和現場環境、器(qi)械使用和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料(liao)，提出安全技(ji)術和防(fang)護措施(shi)，消除危險，保證(zheng)安全現狀.

二、 我國建(jian)筑(zhu)工程存(cun)在安(an)全隱患

1. 安全管(guan)理制(zhi)度不(bu)完善

安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理(li)流(liu)于形式，包括安(an)(an)全施(shi)工措施(shi)及(ji)(ji)方案(an)(an)等沒有針對(dui)工程的具體實(shi)(shi)際情況編(bian)制、安(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)組織機構人員均為掛名、未(wei)到工地現場參與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、建(jian)筑施(shi)工企(qi)業在市場上行(xing)為很(hen)不(bu)(bu)規范(fan)，使責任(ren)并沒有落到實(shi)(shi)處(chu)。而監理(li)企(qi)業在監理(li)過(guo)程中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)認(ren)真履行(xing)安(an)(an)全監理(li)職責，對(dui)施(shi)工方案(an)(an)不(bu)(bu)認(ren)真審批(pi)，對(dui)相應的法律(lv)法規以及(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)等規范(fan)不(bu)(bu)熟悉，導致不(bu)(bu)能及(ji)(ji)時(shi)發現安(an)(an)全隱患。

2. 安(an)全檢查(cha)、整改落(luo)實不(bu)到(dao)位

安全(quan)日常檢查不仔(zi)細，走過程、走形(xing)式，未能發現安全(quan)隱患的存在，或即使發現安全(quan)存在隱患也不重視。為了節(jie)約施工成(cheng)本，不愿意投入更多人(ren)力、物(wu)力去整改。

3. 盲目搶工

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位為了完成(cheng)產值，無計劃(hua)安排甚至在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境尚不具(ju)備的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)要求工(gong)(gong)(gong)班盲(mang)(mang)目搶工(gong)(gong)(gong)。這樣的(de)盲(mang)(mang)目搶工(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量和(he)安全當然

得不到保障。

三(san)、 建筑工(gong)程安全的控制

搞好(hao)建筑工(gong)程安全(quan)管理(li)，首先(xian)應從(cong)安全(quan)發(fa)生的根源進行(xing)控(kong)制，事故發(fa)生的原因主要取決于人、物、環境和管理(li)等四個方面。

1. 人的原因

人(ren)(ren)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)最(zui)直(zhi)接(jie)也是(shi)會造成最(zui)嚴重后果的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)。第一，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)按要求(qiu)做(zuo)好安(an)(an)全(quan)保護措施(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)戴(dai)安(an)(an)全(quan)帽，不(bu)(bu)(bu)系(xi)安(an)(an)全(quan)帶等現(xian)象。第二，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴格執行安(an)(an)全(quan)操作(zuo)(zuo)規章(zhang)，違(wei)規違(wei)章(zhang)作(zuo)(zuo)業等。第三，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)意識低，認為安(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)可有可無(wu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)重要。只重視工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度，忽視工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)(an)全(quan)。做(zuo)好人(ren)(ren)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)最(zui)容易的(de)，也是(shi)最(zui)直(zhi)

接和有效的(de)(de)(de)。針對(dui)上述現象，對(dui)人的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全管理包括：第(di)一，做好安(an)(an)全保護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)，嚴(yan)格遵(zun)守安(an)(an)全法律法規(gui)，在建筑(zhu)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)現場嚴(yan)格檢查，沒帶安(an)(an)全帽(mao)的(de)(de)(de)禁(jin)止(zhi)進場，安(an)(an)全保護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)不(bu)合格的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)禁(jin)進行(xing)工(gong)作，情節嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應當給予(yu)警(jing)告或者罰款；第(di)二，嚴(yan)格按照規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)程序和要(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)作業，對(dui)任意改變安(an)(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)作業行(xing)為應當立即停止(zhi)并改正，施(shi)工(gong)作業只有按要(yao)

求進行(xing)，才能保證安(an)(an)全(quan)；第三，提高施工(gong)人員(yuan)的安(an)(an)全(quan)意識，加強安(an)(an)全(quan)教育(yu)和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)宣傳(chuan)，使安(an)(an)全(quan)理念更加的深入人心。定期(qi)對(dui)相(xiang)關人員(yuan)進行(xing)培訓并考核(he)，對(dui)考核(he)不(bu)過關的重新考核(he)。

2. 物的原因

物(wu)(wu)的(de)原(yuan)因是(shi)指(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)不安全狀態(tai)，這里的(de)物(wu)(wu)是(shi)指(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)過程中發(fa)(fa)揮一定作(zuo)用的(de)機械(xie)(xie)、物(wu)(wu)料、生(sheng)產(chan)對象以及(ji)其(qi)他生(sheng)產(chan)要素。物(wu)(wu)都(dou)具有不同形式、性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)，有出(chu)現能(neng)量(liang)意外釋放、引發(fa)(fa)事故的(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)(xing)，建筑施工多是(shi)沉重(zhong)的(de)建筑材料、不同種類(lei)的(de)施工機械(xie)(xie)。而物(wu)(wu)品的(de)多種類(lei)比人(ren)更(geng)復雜得(de)多，其(qi)物(wu)(wu)品的(de)形態(tai)多種多樣，其(qi)能(neng)量(liang)存在的(de)狀態(tai)也千差萬別。可(ke)見，工作(zuo)人(ren)員應(ying)多學習材料等的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)，熟練掌握機械(xie)(xie)等的(de)使(shi)用方法及(ji)注意事項，避免因為失去對物(wu)(wu)品

的控制造(zao)成事故的發(fa)生。

3. 環境的原因

環境(jing)因素雖然(ran)屬于(yu)外部條件，但(dan)對建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)也存(cun)(cun)在著(zhu)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響，不安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)直接影(ying)(ying)響著(zhu)整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)，不安(an)(an)全(quan)環境(jing)包括(kuo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)混亂(luan)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料存(cun)(cun)放存(cun)(cun)在問題、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地衛生不符合(he)要(yao)求等。不安(an)(an)全(quan)環境(jing)是多個(ge)原因造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)是只有采取(qu)措施(shi)，一(yi)定能得到(dao)改善(shan)，使(shi)不安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)向安(an)(an)全(quan)轉(zhuan)化，變成安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)因素。安(an)(an)全(quan)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)控制措施(shi)包括(kuo)制定施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關秩序(xu)，使(shi)各(ge)個(ge)因素有秩序(xu)有條理。加強對建(jian)筑材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)管理，保證建(jian)筑材(cai)料按要(yao)求存(cun)(cun)放，確保材(cai)料取(qu)材(cai)用處的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)便(bian)等，加強對現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)衛生管理和檢查，使(shi)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)衛生符合(he)要(yao)求。

四、 建筑工程安全管理隱患(huan)的(de)措(cuo)施

1. 建立完整的安(an)全管理體系(xi)

安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)系的(de)建(jian)(jian)立是做(zuo)好建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)前提和依據，完善的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)系包括安(an)全(quan)(quan)責任的(de)落實、安(an)全(quan)(quan)預警機(ji)制、安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故應(ying)急方案。只有全(quan)(quan)面到位(wei)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)體(ti)系。才能(neng)更好的(de)指(zhi)導安(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)有序進行，才能(neng)確保建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程各方面的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

2. 加(jia)強(qiang)運(yun)用(yong)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)和 IT 技(ji)術(shu)進行安全(quan)管(guan)理信(xin)息(xi)系統開發

隨著信(xin)息(xi)時代的(de)(de)(de)到來，信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)得到了(le)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，涉及生(sheng)產生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)方方面面，包(bao)括建筑(zhu)工(gong)程安(an)全管理(li)。信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)引進(jin)和應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)不僅節約了(le)管理(li)成本，而且提高了(le)管理(li)效率，有效的(de)(de)(de)避免了(le)很(hen)多(duo)安(an)全事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。現階段(duan)(duan)，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)擴大信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)范圍、包(bao)括研(yan)發(fa)和建立安(an)全管理(li)信(xin)息(xi)系統，實現安(an)全管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)現代化和科技(ji)化、還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)努(nu)力(li)創(chuang)新(xin)安(an)全管理(li)手段(duan)(duan)，進(jin)行實時、現場監督、這樣才能(neng)在(zai)第一時間發(fa)現問題，及時解決問題，把損失

降到最低。

3. 增強對安(an)全管理的重視度(du)

在建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)中存(cun)在著(zhu)很(hen)多(duo)問題，特別是管(guan)(guan)理(li)者對安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)不重(zhong)視(shi)，這(zhe)也直接導致(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者不認真做好(hao)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)、忽(hu)視(shi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)、不認真貫徹(che)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方針、不執行上級部(bu)門下達(da)的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)目(mu)標。這(zhe)些問題引發了很(hen)多(duo)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故，降低(di)了建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益(yi)(yi)和(he)社(she)會效益(yi)(yi)。重(zhong)視(shi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)、降低(di)實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)難度，能(neng)使安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)取得更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)效果。管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)首先必須(xu)高度重(zhong)視(shi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)，這(zhe)些要(yao)通過(guo)提高

管理(li)人員的素質和對管理(li)人員進行必(bi)要的限制來實現。此外，還(huan)要加強安全(quan)(quan)宣傳，安全(quan)(quan)宣傳工(gong)作(zuo)能使建筑安全(quan)(quan)更加深入人心。

五、 結語

雖然經(jing)(jing)過大家的(de)(de)不(bu)斷努(nu)力和奮斗，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)(le)顯著的(de)(de)效果，主要表現在(zai)(zai)：建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題明顯的(de)(de)減少了(le)(le)(le)；安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)系數升高了(le)(le)(le)；建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方法和手段得(de)到了(le)(le)(le)創新；能夠更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)滿足實際(ji)需要、更(geng)好(hao)地(di)解決(jue)了(le)(le)(le)很多實際(ji)問(wen)題，但是仍然存在(zai)(zai)不(bu)少的(de)(de)問(wen)題。所以(yi)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)仍需要不(bu)斷的(de)(de)完善和改進。這樣才能更(geng)好(hao)地(di)為建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)發展做(zuo)出貢獻，才能更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)為我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)設服(fu)務。做(zuo)好(hao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)要不(bu)斷總結經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)，吸取(qu)教(jiao)訓，分析(xi)現階段我國(guo)(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，找出原因所在(zai)(zai)。進而有針對性地(di)采(cai)取(qu)

改進措(cuo)施，為我國建筑事(shi)業(ye)的(de)發展提(ti)供支(zhi)持和幫助(zhu)。

參考文獻

篇10

關鍵詞(ci)：提高效率； 降低(di)成本； 工程質量； 各方(fang)配合

0 引言

當前，我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民用(yong)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)已(yi)發展(zhan)得日趨(qu)成(cheng)熟，包含(han)土建(jian)、機電、消防、智能化等多(duo)種專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，按任務分又包含(han)：設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)、監(jian)理(li)(li)、施工(gong)(gong)方、材(cai)料方等。盡管分類多(duo)，但是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)核心是實現(xian)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)三大控制目(mu)標（投資、進度(du)、質量(liang)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)元(yuan)素，是決定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)成(cheng)敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。它對提高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)效益、環境效益和(he)(he)經濟效益均具有重要(yao)意(yi)義，直接關(guan)系到(dao)國家(jia)財產和(he)(he)人民生(sheng)(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，關(guan)系著(zhu)社會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義事業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞，直接影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)功能，而且還影響(xiang)著(zhu)人民群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命財產安全和(he)(he)社會(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)諧穩定。而我(wo)們(men)管理(li)(li)人員(yuan)要(yao)實現(xian)三大控制目(mu)標，進而提高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進度(du)、效率(lv)和(he)(he)質量(liang)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)是必(bi)不(bu)可少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)默(mo)契程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)直接影響(xiang)到(dao)該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)敗，所(suo)以(yi)值得我(wo)們(men)每一(yi)位項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)人員(yuan)深思。這其中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)主(zhu)要(yao)涉及(ji)到(dao)：設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前期(qi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階段各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)，業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)方（監(jian)理(li)(li)）和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)，施工(gong)(gong)方各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)隊伍間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)等。

1 設計和甲(jia)方前期配(pei)合以(yi)、設計內(nei)部各專業間的配(pei)合

項目(mu)前(qian)期(qi)階段(duan)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)和(he)設計的(de)(de)配合階段(duan)。這(zhe)一段(duan)是(shi)(shi)最關鍵(jian)的(de)(de)，確(que)定了方(fang)案(an)，則施(shi)工(gong)圖以此為依據，從而后期(qi)施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)編制等都與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)圖密切相關。所以方(fang)案(an)設計階段(duan)，設計人(ren)員應及時與(yu)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)協調溝(gou)通，以建(jian)筑專業為主導，其他各(ge)專業參與(yu)，確(que)定較(jiao)優方(fang)案(an)，能夠(gou)在施(shi)工(gong)中提高工(gong)作效(xiao)率，降低甲(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)投資，優化避免重復(fu)不必要(yao)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題，將問(wen)(wen)題在初期(qi)全部處理好(hao)，為后期(qi)的(de)(de)詳細設計打好(hao)堅實的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。

施(shi)工圖(tu)(tu)設計(ji)階段，首先設計(ji)人員在(zai)施(shi)工圖(tu)(tu)設計(ji)過(guo)程中，應保持各專業(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)協調溝(gou)通(tong)；其次，確保本專業(ye)(ye)施(shi)工圖(tu)(tu)設計(ji)的(de)(de)全面性、準確性，避免(mian)遺漏或現(xian)場無法(fa)施(shi)工的(de)(de)情況(kuang)；最后，能做(zuo)到(dao)以建筑(zhu)專業(ye)(ye)為(wei)主，結構、水電、暖(nuan)通(tong)、建筑(zhu)智能化等專業(ye)(ye)為(wei)輔，將各專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)設計(ji)圖(tu)(tu)紙在(zai)各層平(ping)面圖(tu)(tu)上(shang)疊(die)加(jia)處理，以發(fa)現(xian)交(jiao)錯、重(zhong)疊(die)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，重(zhong)點分析、逐一排(pai)除，可能的(de)(de)話(hua)繪制三維圖(tu)(tu)，解決管線打架問題，減(jian)少施(shi)工過(guo)程中交(jiao)叉沖突現(xian)象的(de)(de)發(fa)生（如(ru)下圖(tu)(tu)1）。

設(she)計階段各專業協調合作的目的就(jiu)是為了優化設(she)計，避免不(bu)必要的返工(gong)，縮短(duan)工(gong)期，降(jiang)低造價，提高工(gong)程(cheng)質量和投資效益。

交叉管線三維效果圖(tu)(tu)（圖(tu)(tu)1）

2 設計與施工方的(de)配(pei)合

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后的設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會有(you)很多交集。但(dan)是(shi)目(mu)前我國的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)模式大多以業主(zhu)為主(zhu)導，平行(xing)發(fa)包給(gei)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、采購等幾個單位。設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都是(shi)平行(xing)關系。所以說施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)又沒有(you)多少機(ji)會直接面對(dui)(dui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)。因此作為工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)，在項目(mu)開(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前必(bi)須(xu)全面熟悉圖紙(zhi)，做好(hao)(hao)圖紙(zhi)會審(shen)的充分準(zhun)備(bei)，針對(dui)(dui)圖紙(zhi)上(shang)的疑(yi)問在設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)交底(di)會上(shang)向(xiang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)書面提(ti)出；設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)應對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)提(ti)出的現(xian)場技術問題及時(shi)溝通與回復，建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)同(tong)時(shi)也應該做好(hao)(hao)交底(di)記錄和變更記錄，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序的順利開(kai)(kai)展。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中如有(you)疑(yi)問及時(shi)向(xiang)監理(li)和甲方(fang)書面提(ti)出，一(yi)定不能(neng)知(zhi)情不報(bao)。

針對(dui)國內(nei)傳統的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理模(mo)式，國際上則主導EPC（Engineering，Procurement，Construction）模(mo)式。EPC模(mo)式即(ji)在(zai)業主的(de)(de)(de)委托合同(tong)下，對(dui)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、采(cai)購、試運行等實行全(quan)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)包，并且對(dui)承(cheng)包工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量、安(an)全(quan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)、造價全(quan)面(mian)負責。EPC模(mo)式有如下特點：（1）發揮設(she)計(ji)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)優先(xian)作用。（2）可以(yi)克服設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、采(cai)購等相互脫節和(he)制約(yue)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾。（3）建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)責任主體(ti)清楚。EPC模(mo)式值得我們(men)學習和(he)探討。

3施工方各專業隊之間的配合

目前(qian)，各(ge)(ge)個(ge)施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業都將承攬(lan)作(zuo)為企(qi)業的(de)(de)頭等大(da)事，均加(jia)大(da)了承攬(lan)的(de)(de)力(li)度。由于企(qi)業重(zhong)視工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承攬(lan)，輕視管理，導致出現(xian)(xian)了管理混亂(luan)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)下降、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)增加(jia)、企(qi)業效益滑坡的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。從而(er)國內施工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍良莠不(bu)齊，施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)自身的(de)(de)技術儲(chu)備不(bu)夠(gou)(gou)全面，直接導致了施工(gong)(gong)效率和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)低下；在施工(gong)(gong)中只(zhi)追求工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度，而(er)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設中各(ge)(ge)個(ge)環節的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)和工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)重(zhong)視不(bu)夠(gou)(gou)，習(xi)慣沿用傳統的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)和工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，制(zhi)約著我國國民經濟的(de)(de)發展，并且工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中是由多工(gong)(gong)種組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)來完成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，因工(gong)(gong)種不(bu)同而(er)面臨的(de)(de)任(ren)務不(bu)同、施工(gong)(gong)定額不(bu)同，難免出現(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)種只(zhi)負責自己(ji)的(de)(de)一畝(mu)三分田的(de)(de)情(qing)況，使得生產效率低下。要(yao)想(xiang)改善這(zhe)種局面，可(ke)以從以下方(fang)(fang)(fang)面著手：

（1）施(shi)工方(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)完善組(zu)織、明(ming)確責任，把承攬與(yu)管理緊密地結合起來。應(ying)(ying)重視完善領(ling)導組(zu)織管理體(ti)系(xi)，明(ming)確管理責任。以工程(cheng)為基木對(dui)象，建立一(yi)個相(xiang)對(dui)獨(du)立完整的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導組(zu)織管理體(ti)系(xi)。另(ling)外(wai)加(jia)強各自的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責明(ming)確相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)責任，認(ren)真貫徹落實，對(dui)工程(cheng)管理人員的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養，加(jia)強對(dui)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人員的(de)(de)(de)技術培(pei)訓(xun)，讓管理層次的(de)(de)(de)人員能熟悉各個專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)以及各專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，以便準確制定施(shi)工組(zu)織方(fang)(fang)案、向施(shi)工班組(zu)人員進行作(zuo)業(ye)技術交底、順利指導現場施(shi)工人員作(zuo)業(ye)等。減(jian)少因專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)間的(de)(de)(de)差異問題(ti)而產生的(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu)和返工。

（2）建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程公司應(ying)對現場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)班組人(ren)(ren)員進行有(you)針對性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)技術培訓，并結合(he)現場(chang)情況培養一(yi)專多(duo)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)班組人(ren)(ren)員，以適(shi)應(ying)當前建筑(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)需求。按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，培養一(yi)批(pi)文(wen)化(hua)素質高(gao)(gao)、技術能(neng)(neng)力強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞務(wu)技術人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。以點帶面(mian)，逐步擴大(da)群體(ti)，讓更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)線勞動(dong)者掌(zhang)握更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技能(neng)(neng)。只有(you)這樣，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)素質才(cai)能(neng)(neng)提高(gao)(gao)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)為施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強大(da)奠定堅實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。從(cong)而在多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合(he)中可以減少不(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。從(cong)基礎土(tu)方開挖，主體(ti)結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，水電(dian)安(an)裝、消(xiao)防智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)，電(dian)梯工(gong)(gong)(gong)程直至裝修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，讓施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員充分(fen)發(fa)揮其多(duo)方面(mian)技能(neng)(neng)，避免由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)熟(shu)悉而導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)甚至延(yan)誤工(gong)(gong)(gong)期（如下圖2）。

現澆樓板預埋穿(chuan)線電氣套管（ 涉及(ji)土建和安裝交叉施工）

5 小結

總(zong)之，現在的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程中，只(zhi)有各參(can)見方(fang)配合默契才(cai)能獲得(de)理想的(de)(de)(de)、滿足適(shi)用要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程項目(mu)，才(cai)能在預定時間(jian)發揮效(xiao)(xiao)用。一(yi)項優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑作品是集多專業(ye)、多單位(wei)、多工(gong)種密切配合、共同創造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)智慧結晶(jing)。為(wei)保(bao)質(zhi)、保(bao)量(liang)、如期完(wan)工(gong)，各個方(fang)面相互間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)密切配合不容(rong)忽視(shi)。只(zhi)有在各個階段(duan)嚴格把握(wo)，才(cai)能有效(xiao)(xiao)地避免人力(li)財力(li)的(de)(de)(de)浪費，保(bao)證工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設質(zhi)量(liang)，確保(bao)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)順利完(wan)成(cheng)。這也是甲方(fang)、監理、設計(ji)、施工(gong)等各個參(can)建(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)最終目(mu)標。做到做一(yi)項工(gong)程創一(yi)項名牌樹一(yi)塊豐碑，為(wei)社會主義經濟建(jian)(jian)(jian)設和物(wu)質(zhi)文明創造(zao)更大的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)益

參考文獻：

[1]張巍，楊.工程項(xiang)目管(guan)理的現(xian)狀、發展趨(qu)勢及(ji)對策.科技信息，2008（11）.