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篇1

關鍵詞 現代農業(ye)；問題；對策(ce)；安徽潛山

中圖分類(lei)號 F207 文獻(xian)標識碼(ma) A 文章編號 1007-5739（2013）22-0313-01

1 潛山縣現代農業發展存在的問題

1.1 科技(ji)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)高

在(zai)種(zhong)植業(ye)方(fang)面，其(qi)突出的問題是農(nong)藥、化肥(fei)盲(mang)目施(shi)用(yong)，一方(fang)面造(zao)成(cheng)浪費(fei)，另一方(fang)面給農(nong)作物造(zao)成(cheng)藥害和(he)肥(fei)害而(er)導致(zhi)減產減收(shou)，同時還(huan)造(zao)成(cheng)了環境污染；在(zai)養殖(zhi)業(ye)方(fang)面，其(qi)疾病的防控仍(reng)未有(you)實(shi)質性的進展；在(zai)農(nong)產品加(jia)(jia)(jia)工方(fang)面，其(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工技術(shu)也比(bi)較(jiao)落后，表現為初(chu)級加(jia)(jia)(jia)工普(pu)遍而(er)精深(shen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工較(jiao)少，所以加(jia)(jia)(jia)工轉化和(he)增值(zhi)率低；此外(wai)農(nong)業(ye)的科技成(cheng)果轉化率仍(reng)然偏低；農(nong)技推(tui)廣的職能作用(yong)有(you)待進一步加(jia)(jia)(jia)強。

1.2 農業的產業鏈短(duan)而窄(zhai)，與二、三(san)產業未能有機(ji)結合

目前農業(ye)(ye)的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)基(ji)本局限于一產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，其(qi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)缺乏有效(xiao)的(de)延伸，尤其(qi)未能與二(er)、三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)形成有效(xiao)對接，因而影響了現代農業(ye)(ye)的(de)發展進程。

1.3 傳統農業觀(guan)念根深蒂固，現代農業意識模糊

時下人們對農(nong)業的(de)(de)認識多半是生產農(nong)產品、提高單產，以(yi)自給自足為主，多余的(de)(de)才投入市場(chang)。而農(nong)業的(de)(de)市場(chang)意識、生態農(nong)業、觀光農(nong)業、特色農(nong)業和可持續發展農(nong)業等現代農(nong)業的(de)(de)理念仍然滯(zhi)后。

1.4 農業生產條件亟待改善

潛山縣(xian)的(de)農田水利及(ji)排灌設施抗御自然災(zai)害能(neng)力、生產(chan)能(neng)力和(he)使(shi)用效益總(zong)體不高；潛山縣(xian)的(de)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)質量仍然較低(di)，全(quan)縣(xian)中低(di)產(chan)田占(zhan)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)65%，農田有(you)效灌溉(gai)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)只占(zhan)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)75%；農業生產(chan)的(de)物(wu)質裝備水平(ping)總(zong)體偏低(di)，尤其是農機化裝備能(neng)力和(he)水平(ping)普(pu)遍有(you)待(dai)提高。

1.5 農(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化經營不完善(shan)

潛(qian)山縣土地流轉(zhuan)速度(du)較慢而制約(yue)了種(zhong)植大戶和家庭農場的形成；農產品(pin)加工的龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)偏(pian)少，農民的專業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)社也寥寥無幾。而且現(xian)有的農產品(pin)加工企(qi)業(ye)和專業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)社運(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)質量不高，社會效益偏(pian)低。

1.6 保證體(ti)系不夠健全(quan)

目前，雖有農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)執(zhi)法(fa)體(ti)(ti)系、市(shi)場體(ti)(ti)系及農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險體(ti)(ti)系，但仍以政府保(bao)障(zhang)體(ti)(ti)系為主。尤其缺乏農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技創新體(ti)(ti)系、市(shi)場信息體(ti)(ti)系和農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品安全檢(jian)驗監測體(ti)(ti)系等。且農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險本應(ying)主要承擔農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)障(zhang)的職能，而實(shi)際上遠沒有發揮其應(ying)有的作用，仍然在賠(pei)付力度(du)和賠(pei)付時限等方面存在諸多問題。

2 對策

2.1 著(zhu)力提(ti)高科技水平(ping)

首(shou)先應(ying)(ying)從(cong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)的(de)源(yuan)頭即科(ke)(ke)研單位抓起，使其多出農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果可供(gong)轉化(hua)。尤其應(ying)(ying)以市場為(wei)導向，積(ji)極向農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)前(qian)、產中、產后所需(xu)的(de)科(ke)(ke)學技(ji)術，以及發(fa)展生態(tai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、觀光農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和特色農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所需(xu)的(de)知識(shi)和技(ji)能(neng)。同時農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)推(tui)廣部(bu)門(men)應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)科(ke)(ke)研單位所提(ti)供(gong)的(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果迅速轉變為(wei)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實用新技(ji)術，再向農(nong)戶大(da)力推(tui)廣，從(cong)而為(wei)現(xian)代化(hua)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)展提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術支撐[1]。

2.2 盡快由(you)注重農業(ye)一產業(ye)向(xiang)一、二、三產業(ye)并重方向(xiang)發展

一是要(yao)加強潛山(shan)縣(xian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚(ju)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設和(he)名特優農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加工園區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設，延長農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加工產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈；二是城(cheng)市與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村應互動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。城(cheng)市建(jian)設向農(nong)(nong)(nong)村延伸，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)向城(cheng)市靠近，推進新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)社區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設，大力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村第三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；三(san)是在促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村剩余勞動(dong)力向二、三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移的(de)基礎上，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村土地(di)依法有序流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)適度(du)規模經營，大力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有特色的(de)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；四是積極(ji)拓展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)功(gong)能。立足資源優勢，大力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、觀光(guang)(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，突(tu)出(chu)抓好以(yi)品茶、賞花、采果(guo)、觀景、美(mei)食、垂釣為(wei)內涵的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)觀光(guang)(guang)游。

2.3 提(ti)高認識、更新觀念

應著(zhu)重在如下4個方面有(you)根本轉變：一是由(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)來自給自足的農(nong)(nong)業觀(guan)念(nian)向(xiang)市場(chang)農(nong)(nong)業、高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)業理念(nian)轉變；二是由(you)(you)(you)不顧環境而掠奪經(jing)營的農(nong)(nong)業理念(nian)向(xiang)生(sheng)態農(nong)(nong)業、可持續發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)業的理念(nian)轉變；三是由(you)(you)(you)傳(chuan)統的農(nong)(nong)產品生(sheng)產觀(guan)念(nian)向(xiang)生(sheng)態保(bao)護、觀(guan)光(guang)休閑、文化傳(chuan)承等多(duo)功(gong)能農(nong)(nong)業理念(nian)轉變；四是由(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)來農(nong)(nong)戶自發(fa)的農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產習(xi)慣向(xiang)由(you)(you)(you)政府部(bu)門(men)引導、以市場(chang)為導向(xiang)的農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展方式(shi)轉變。

2.4 加(jia)大對農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)條件改善的投(tou)入(ru)

中(zhong)央和(he)省在(zai)“十二五”期間已開始大興農(nong)(nong)村(cun)水(shui)利(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府亦應(ying)(ying)加大這方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還(huan)應(ying)(ying)充分(fen)利(li)(li)用社會力量(liang)和(he)市場運作的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法辦水(shui)利(li)(li)、搞(gao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。要(yao)突出抓(zhua)好以(yi)(yi)下幾(ji)個方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)：一是(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)加大農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)利(li)(li)及排灌設(she)施、大中(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)利(li)(li)工程和(he)氣(qi)象保(bao)(bao)障能(neng)(neng)力建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)設(she)施抗御自然災(zai)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力；二是(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)增(zeng)加耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)。著重抓(zhua)好中(zhong)低(di)產田改造、高(gao)(gao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)糧(liang)田建(jian)(jian)設(she)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)護耕(geng)地(di)，確保(bao)(bao)耕(geng)地(di)數量(liang)不減少、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)有提高(gao)(gao)；三是(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)加大改善農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產物質(zhi)(zhi)裝備(bei)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產效率(lv)。要(yao)改建(jian)(jian)、擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)和(he)興建(jian)(jian)高(gao)(gao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)設(she)施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化畜(chu)禽養殖場、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化水(shui)產養殖場和(he)特色農(nong)(nong)產品基(ji)地(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，要(yao)充分(fen)利(li)(li)用農(nong)(nong)機補助政(zheng)策，提高(gao)(gao)潛山縣農(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械化裝備(bei)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)水(shui)平；四是(shi)(shi)增(zeng)加培育新品種、推(tui)廣(guang)新技(ji)術、應(ying)(ying)用新材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技(ji)裝備(bei)水(shui)平；五是(shi)(shi)增(zeng)加保(bao)(bao)護農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)態環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)(ru)，促進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)可(ke)持續發展[2]。

2.5 積極擴大或不斷完善農業產業化經營

一是加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)對農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)培育。要(yao)依靠科技(ji)(ji)進步(bu)壯大龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，對現(xian)有龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)盡可能地(di)(di)引進新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)品(pin)種、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)設備(bei)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)工(gong)藝，從單一產品(pin)向(xiang)(xiang)系列產品(pin)發(fa)展(zhan)，從初級加(jia)(jia)工(gong)向(xiang)(xiang)精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)發(fa)展(zhan)；二是大力推進土地(di)(di)適(shi)度規(gui)模(mo)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)，提(ti)(ti)高土地(di)(di)的(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)效益，使種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)盡快(kuai)成為產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化經營(ying)(ying)(ying)；三是加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)民(min)合作(zuo)組(zu)織建設，提(ti)(ti)高農(nong)民(min)組(zu)織化程度；四是加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)家(jia)庭農(nong)場(chang)的(de)(de)培育，壯大新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產經營(ying)(ying)(ying)[3]。

2.6 加強保(bao)(bao)障體(ti)系建設(she)，由單(dan)一(yi)的(de)政府保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)體(ti)系向多元化的(de)社會保(bao)(bao)障體(ti)系方向轉變

一是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)執(zhi)法體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)，維護良好的農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產經營秩序，同(tong)時(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投入品(pin)及農(nong)產品(pin)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)與(yu)安全；二(er)是(shi)(shi)應加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)創新體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)，首先(xian)要大力(li)提(ti)高農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)轉化與(yu)推廣應用(yong)水平，為現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展提(ti)供技(ji)術支撐；其次(ci)要加(jia)(jia)強與(yu)科(ke)(ke)研院所(suo)的合作(zuo)與(yu)開(kai)發(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)要多(duo)途徑、多(duo)形式、多(duo)機制(zhi)健全農(nong)技(ji)推廣體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)；三是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)大對農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)、管理、執(zhi)法人員的培(pei)訓力(li)度，使更多(duo)的優秀人才服(fu)務(wu)“三農(nong)”，同(tong)時(shi)要加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信息服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)，為現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展提(ti)供信息支持；四是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強市(shi)場體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)，圍繞市(shi)場發(fa)展現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；五(wu)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)產品(pin)安全檢驗、監測體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)，著(zhu)力(li)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)政府監管、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)律、農(nong)民(min)自(zi)覺的長效機制(zhi)，全面提(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全水平；六是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)強和完善農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險工(gong)作(zuo)[4]。西(xi)吉縣農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險工(gong)作(zuo)雖然在應對自(zi)然災害(hai)、降低農(nong)民(min)損(sun)失、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護農(nong)民(min)積極性方面起到(dao)了一定(ding)作(zuo)用(yong)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)由于它是(shi)(shi)營利機構(gou)，必(bi)然受利益驅動，所(suo)以在賠付力(li)度及賠付時(shi)限等方面存(cun)在諸多(duo)弊端。要想從根(gen)本上解決(jue)問題，政府必(bi)須將營利性農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司(si)改變為公(gong)益性事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)單位，其性質(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)似于社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)局。然后(hou)由政府加(jia)(jia)強監管，充分發(fa)揮其職能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)從而取信于民(min)，這樣才能(neng)使潛江縣農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險工(gong)作(zuo)富(fu)于成(cheng)效，從而為現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的發(fa)展提(ti)供強有力(li)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)障。

3 參考文獻

[1] 陳志英，李翠霞(xia)，葛銳.勃(bo)利縣現(xian)代農業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的問題研究[J].中國(guo)農村小康科(ke)技(ji)，2010（10）：6-8，28.

[2] 潘啟城.田東縣現(xian)代(dai)農業發(fa)展存在的問題及(ji)對策[J].現(xian)代(dai)農業科技，2012（5）：379，384.

篇2

>> 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設：現(xian)(xian)(xian)狀、問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 加快秦皇島(dao)市現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 宿遷市現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)與對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 推(tui)(tui)進(jin)廊坊現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)調研與思考 基于建(jian)(jian)立現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”融資問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)研究 灌(guan)云縣現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區發展(zhan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce)淺析 論(lun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群發展(zhan)的(de)(de)動力機制及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce)取向(xiang) 現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)與對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合配套改革市場體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設背景下農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 2008年(nian)將全面推(tui)(tui)進(jin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設等 國家現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設現(xian)(xian)(xian)狀調查與統計分析 新疆現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)探索 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技傳播在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用 加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設推(tui)(tui)動現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)政策(ce)(ce)(ce)建(jian)(jian)議 現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)集群建(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)關注的(de)(de)幾(ji)個(ge)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti) 現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模式與發展(zhan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)政府、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與社會 關于構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)蘇州特色現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)思考 常見問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)解答 當前所在(zai)(zai)(zai)位(wei)置(zhi)：l.

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[8] 王裕栓，張冬(dong)冬(dong)，國洪磊(lei)，等(deng).新農(nong)村(cun)背景(jing)下(xia)傳統農(nong)戶生產經(jing)營狀況調研(yan)與分析：以德州市為(wei)例[J].寧夏農(nong)林科(ke)技，2013，54（7）：110-112.

[9] 張學鵬.構(gou)建(jian)現代(dai)農業產業體系加(jia)速(su)推進現代(dai)農業發展[J].長春理工大學學報（社會科學版），2009（3）：234-236.

[10] 馮路.山東省農(nong)產品物流(liu)存在的問題及對策研究(jiu)[J].中(zhong)國管理信(xin)息化，2012（15）：50-51.

篇3

>> 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)改(gai)良(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)土地(di)深耕(geng)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經濟作(zuo)物生產(chan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)秸稈禁燒現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)綜合利用對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 浠水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)改(gai)良(liang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 耿馬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)力提升對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)探討 邯鄲市耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)慧(hui)農(nong)業(ye)存(cun)在的問(wen)題(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)建議 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)植保專業(ye)合作(zuo)社發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)措施 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)小(xiao)麥生長狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)況及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)麥田春管技(ji)術 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)香(xiang)樟衰弱原因及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)復(fu)壯技(ji)術初探 隴(long)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)調(diao)查及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce)研究 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：“院縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共建”促商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan) 連(lian)云港市耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)建設與(yu)保護現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 重慶市永川(chuan)區(qu)耕(geng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 郎溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)地(di)地(di)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施肥對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 秀山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)村耕(geng)地(di)撂荒現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)(ce)(ce) 商(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：以現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)新技(ji)術　促進特色農(nong)業(ye)規模化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan) 常見問(wen)題(ti)解答 當前所在位(wei)置：l.

[2] 梁熙，曾志明，徐富(fu)華.守(shou)住耕地數(shu)量(liang)和質(zhi)量(liang)紅線[N].閩西日報(bao)，2017-02-02（3）.

[3] 農(nong)業部：大(da)力推進耕地質量(liang)保(bao)護與(yu)提升[EB/OL].（2014-10-31）[2017-02-22].http：///news/nongyeyaowen/2014/10/577677.shtml.

[4] 徐(xu)志強.遼寧省耕地(di)質(zhi)量建設與管理(li)現狀及(ji)發(fa)展對策[J].農業科(ke)技與裝備(bei)，2012（4）：11-12.

[5] 石勇，張曉(xiao)艷，石聿明.白城市耕地質量現狀與發展建議[J].現代農業科技(ji)，2016（1）：253-254.

[6] 田瑞波.新(xin)晃(huang)縣耕地質量(liang)現狀及發展(zhan)對策研(yan)究[D].長沙：湖(hu)南農業大(da)學，2014.

篇4

關(guan)鍵字：濱州(zhou)市  現代農(nong)業  發展

一、加(jia)快(kuai)推進現代農業發展的(de)重要意義

(一)現代農業的(de)概念和特點

現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)相對于傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)而言的(de)，建(jian)設現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)過程，就是(shi)改造傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，不斷發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力，轉變(bian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增長(chang)方式(shi)，促進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)又好(hao)又快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)過程。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)核(he)心(xin)是(shi)科學化(hua)，特征是(shi)商品化(hua)，方向是(shi)集約化(hua)，目標(biao)是(shi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)。與傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)相比，現(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)具有(you)四個特點：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)突(tu)破了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主要從事初級(ji)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)局限(xian)(xian)性(xing)，實現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)種養加(jia)、產(chan)供銷、貿工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，使得農(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商的(de)結合更加(jia)緊密；二是(shi)突(tu)破了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)遠離城(cheng)市或城(cheng)鄉界限(xian)(xian)明顯的(de)局限(xian)(xian)性(xing)，實現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)城(cheng)鄉經濟社會(hui)一(yi)(yi)元化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、城(cheng)市中有(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)村中有(you)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)協(xie)調(diao)布(bu)局，科學合理(li)地進行資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)優(you)勢互補，有(you)利于城(cheng)鄉生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要素的(de)合理(li)流動和組合；三是(shi)突(tu)破了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部門(men)分割、管(guan)理(li)交叉、服(fu)(fu)務落(luo)后的(de)局限(xian)(xian)性(xing)，實現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)按照市場經濟體(ti)制和農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)要求，建(jian)立一(yi)(yi)個全方位(wei)、權責一(yi)(yi)致、上下貫通(tong)(tong)的(de)管(guan)理(li)和服(fu)(fu)務體(ti)系;  四是(shi)突(tu)破了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)封閉低(di)效(xiao)、自給(gei)半自給(gei)的(de)局限(xian)(xian)性(xing)，發(fa)(fa)揮資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)優(you)勢和區(qu)位(wei)優(you)勢，實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品優(you)勢區(qu)域布(bu)局、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品貿易(yi)國內外流通(tong)(tong)。

（二）發(fa)展現代農業的重要意義

發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)，既(ji)要重(zhong)視發(fa)揮市(shi)(shi)場配置(zhi)資源的(de)(de)基礎作用，更離不開政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)引(yin)導、支(zhi)持和服(fu)務。各級(ji)政(zheng)府(fu)部門將認真遵循現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)規律，明(ming)確目(mu)標，科學定(ding)位，積(ji)極發(fa)揮好指導和服(fu)務的(de)(de)作用。本文以濱州市(shi)(shi)為例，對全市(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)狀進行調查(cha)(cha)，通(tong)過調查(cha)(cha)研究，掌握(wo)地方政(zheng)府(fu)在現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)項目(mu)發(fa)展(zhan)起到的(de)(de)作用，對調查(cha)(cha)數(shu)據及問題進行分析(xi)，找出現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)面臨的(de)(de)問題及下一(yi)步發(fa)展(zhan)方向。通(tong)過上述(shu)資料分析(xi)，結(jie)合當前(qian)推(tui)(tui)進現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策來(lai)探(tan)討今后政(zheng)府(fu)推(tui)(tui)進現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)新舉措，重(zhong)點探(tan)討政(zheng)府(fu)政(zheng)策引(yin)導與市(shi)(shi)場調控相結(jie)合的(de)(de)問題。

    本文結(jie)合當(dang)地工(gong)作(zuo)實際，在(zai)當(dang)前現代(dai)農業發展中(zhong)出現的(de)問題，以及思路對策(ce)方面(mian)具有較大的(de)學術(shu)價值(zhi)，做出了符合實際的(de)意見建議(yi)，對于下一步加(jia)快推(tui)進現代(dai)農業發展，提升農業現代(dai)化(hua)具有較大的(de)現實價值(zhi)。

二、濱州市現代農(nong)業發展(zhan)現狀

    近年來，濱(bin)州市農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)作(zuo)緊緊圍繞(rao)“三(san)農(nong)(nong)(nong)”工(gong)作(zuo)，依托資源優(you)勢，大(da)力發展現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，實施林(lin)水會戰(zhan)工(gong)程，推進(jin)渤海糧(liang)倉示范(fan)(fan)區項目(mu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展到(dao)430家(jia)(jia)。2015年，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村居民人均(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)12691元(yuan)，三(san)次產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整為(wei)9.7：50.3：40.0，服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值(zhi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.2%，占地區生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)總(zong)值(zhi)的比重提(ti)高(gao)1.1個百分點。黃河三(san)角洲(濱(bin)州)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技園(yuan)區建(jian)設(she)(she)取(qu)得新進(jin)展，沿黃現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范(fan)(fan)區成(cheng)功創建(jian)省級示范(fan)(fan)區。農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)深松(song)耕作(zuo)和機(ji)采棉示范(fan)(fan)區進(jin)一(yi)步擴大(da)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎建(jian)設(she)(she)持續加強，林(lin)水會戰(zhan)新增(zeng)造林(lin)19萬(wan)畝，完成(cheng)水利(li)工(gong)程512項。種養結構不斷優(you)化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)林(lin)牧(mu)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)值(zhi)430億元(yuan)，增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.4%。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整深入推進(jin)。糧(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)實現“十(shi)三(san)連增(zeng)”，達(da)到(dao)“噸糧(liang)市”標準，被評為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)先進(jin)單位。瓜菜菌總(zong)產(chan)達(da)到(dao)1626萬(wan)噸，被評為(wei)“中國(guo)(guo)蔬菜第一(yi)市”。規模以上(shang)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)營業(ye)(ye)(ye)務收(shou)(shou)入、“三(san)品”認(ren)證數量分別(bie)是2010年的2.4倍(bei)和7.7倍(bei)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)械化率提(ti)高(gao)11個百分點。

    （一）現代農業項目多(duo)點開花。濱州加(jia)塊發(fa)展現代農業，糧(liang)食總產(chan)(chan)達(da)310萬噸，增長1.5%，在全(quan)省率先整建制推(tui)行糧(liang)食生產(chan)(chan)“十統(tong)一”社會化服(fu)務，通過統(tong)一耕地(di)(di)、統(tong)一播種、統(tong)一施肥、統(tong)一除草(cao)、統(tong)一收割等(deng)實現科(ke)學化種植，促進(jin)了糧(liang)食穩產(chan)(chan)高產(chan)(chan)。抓好“渤海糧(liang)倉(cang)”示范區(qu)建設(she)，去年已突破25萬畝，小麥最(zui)高畝產(chan)(chan)達(da)517公斤(jin)，實現了鹽堿地(di)(di)種植小麥的新(xin)突破。濱城國(guo)家農業科(ke)技園區(qu)獲科(ke)技部正式批復建設(she)，全(quan)市國(guo)家級農業科(ke)技園區(qu)達(da)到2個，沿黃生態高效現代農業示范區(qu)建成(cheng)各(ge)類標準化基地(di)(di)115個，高度(du)重視農產(chan)(chan)品質量安全(quan)，“三品”認(ren)證66個。

    （二(er)）農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)扶持力度加(jia)大。資金(jin)(jin)(jin)投入繼續加(jia)大，2015年全市安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)3000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)升級改(gai)造；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)專項(xiang)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)種養大戶參展(zhan)參銷、設立銷售窗口等(deng)(deng)促銷活(huo)動(dong)(dong)；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)400萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于新組(zu)建示范性(xing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)專項(xiang)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于綠色、特色農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)建設；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)100萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于補(bu)助、獎勵無(wu)公害、綠色、有(you)機農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)項(xiang)目(mu)論證和(he)(he)申報及對獲獎企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)獎勵；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)100萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)專項(xiang)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于支持發展(zhan)新型農(nong)(nong)機具(ju)、動(dong)(dong)物疫病(bing)的(de)防控等(deng)(deng)獎勵；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)貸款500萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)用于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)資料的(de)季(ji)節性(xing)收購(gou)和(he)(he)儲備(bei)和(he)(he)補(bu)助扶貧開發項(xiang)目(mu)建設；安(an)(an)排(pai)(pai)(pai)500萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)用于農(nong)(nong)村勞動(dong)(dong)力重點(dian)是被征(zheng)地(di)人員的(de)素(su)(su)質培(pei)訓(xun)工作，確保全年完成(cheng)1萬(wan)(wan)人的(de)素(su)(su)質培(pei)訓(xun)任務(wu)。

   （三(san)）現代化(hua)科(ke)技(ji)強力支撐。實施了(le)科(ke)教(jiao)興(xing)農(nong)戰略，提高(gao)優(you)勢(shi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)科(ke)技(ji)含量。加(jia)強優(you)勢(shi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子工(gong)程建設。花卉、水產(chan)(chan)養(yang)殖等主導產(chan)(chan)業要(yao)積極(ji)引進(jin)、試(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)、試(shi)(shi)養(yang)各類新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育示范基地建設完成6處，優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)推廣步伐進(jin)一步加(jia)快(kuai)。加(jia)強與中國果蔬研究院、山東農(nong)業大(da)學等著名(ming)學校(xiao)和科(ke)研單(dan)位的(de)合作(zuo)，全(quan)市在(zai)綠色優(you)勢(shi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)發展(zhan)、優(you)勢(shi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保鮮技(ji)術(shu)和精深加(jia)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)等方面有了(le)突破性進(jin)展(zhan)。

三、國內(nei)外農業發展成功(gong)經驗(yan)

近年來(lai)，現代農業的發(fa)展與研究，已成為當今世(shi)界上非常熱門的話題(ti)。在國(guo)(guo)外，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)、荷蘭、澳大利亞等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家都對現代農業發(fa)展有(you)各自的發(fa)展研究，也都有(you)成功之路。

（一）重視(shi)農業的(de)安全生態發展。生態農業是(shi)21世紀世界農業的(de)主導模式，生態農業得到廣大消費者、政(zheng)府和經營企業的(de)一致(zhi)認可(ke)。

（二(er)）推進現代集約(yue)(yue)農(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)。以色(se)列的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)節約(yue)(yue)型(xing)和(he)生(sheng)產要(yao)素(su)密集型(xing)。以色(se)列政府為使有限的(de)土地(di)得到高效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)利用，采取(qu)了一系列符合國情和(he)氣候特(te)點的(de)農(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)戰略及政策(ce)(ce)，避開生(sheng)產需(xu)要(yao)大(da)量光(guang)照和(he)生(sheng)產銷(xiao)售價位低的(de)禾(he)谷類作物，充分利用地(di)勢平坦、牧(mu)草資(zi)源(yuan)豐富的(de)優勢，大(da)力發展(zhan)(zhan)奶(nai)業(ye)、畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)和(he)附加值高的(de)園藝作物，通過(guo)補貼政策(ce)(ce)和(he)信貸政策(ce)(ce)，鼓勵發展(zhan)(zhan)重點領域和(he)產業(ye)“快速增長”，出(chu)口(kou)創匯；加強水利工(gong)程和(he)環境保護的(de)建設，使以色(se)列農(nong)業(ye)能夠高效(xiao)(xiao)持(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

（三）推行(xing)(xing)現代農業(ye)(ye)發展模(mo)式(shi)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)的(de)規模(mo)化(hua)、機械化(hua)、高技術(shu)化(hua)模(mo)式(shi)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)府的(de)農業(ye)(ye)政(zheng)策主要(yao)是為了彌補市(shi)(shi)場調(diao)(diao)節(jie)功能的(de)不足(zu),減少自(zi)然災害和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場波動(dong)對農業(ye)(ye)的(de)影響(xiang)。政(zheng)府通(tong)過(guo)休耕計劃、農作物保障計劃等來保護(hu)和(he)(he)穩定(ding)農業(ye)(ye)；通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)立健全法制，形成了比較完整的(de)指(zhi)導農村(cun)和(he)(he)農業(ye)(ye)發展的(de)法律體系，維(wei)護(hu)市(shi)(shi)場秩(zhi)序，保護(hu)農民的(de)正(zheng)當權益(yi)，保證交易正(zheng)常進行(xing)(xing)；通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)稅收、補貼(tie)、價格干預、信貸管(guan)理以及產量(liang)定(ding)額分(fen)配(pei)等手段，對農產品市(shi)(shi)場與農業(ye)(ye)內部資源配(pei)置保持有效(xiao)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)。

    安(an)徽蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的“互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)+現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)”發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模式。蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)積(ji)(ji)極貫(guan)徹互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)+行動(dong)計(ji)劃，創新工作(zuo)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)，推(tui)進互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)融(rong)合發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，加(jia)快互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信息化設施(shi)建(jian)設。全(quan)市(shi)已累計(ji)投資17億(yi)元，用(yong)于城鄉基礎光纖(xian)環路(lu)、3G、4G網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡建(jian)設。 20M光纖(xian)延伸至所(suo)有(you)自然村(cun)，率先在(zai)全(quan)國建(jian)成“全(quan)光網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)城市(shi)”。推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)(ti)“觸(chu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”，通過資金補(bu)助、稅(shui)費(fei)優惠、土地(di)供應等扶持政策(ce)，引導和鼓勵農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)(ti)“嫁接”互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。安(an)徽三只松鼠電(dian)(dian)子商務有(you)限公司(si)2015年(nian)銷(xiao)售(shou)額(e)突破25億(yi)元，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成為(wei)中(zhong)國銷(xiao)售(shou)規模最大的食品(pin)電(dian)(dian)商企業(ye)。打造“互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)+農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)”平臺(tai)(tai)蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)板塊。 “淘寶特色(se)中(zhong)國·蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)館”已聚集(ji)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)商500余家，2015年(nian)銷(xiao)售(shou)額(e)突破7億(yi)元。蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)建(jian)成淘寶村(cun)級(ji)服(fu)務站65個(ge)、京東蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)服(fu)務中(zhong)心合作(zuo)點(dian)305個(ge)。積(ji)(ji)極組織新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)生產企業(ye)進網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)入駐“郵樂(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)品(pin)”、“聚龍e購(gou)”等電(dian)(dian)子商務銷(xiao)售(shou)平臺(tai)(tai)。開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上“美(mei)好(hao)鄉村(cun)”、“活地(di)寶”本地(di)生活、數字(zi)蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)小鎮及鄉村(cun)等平臺(tai)(tai)模式建(jian)設推(tui)廣，擴大新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)營(ying)主體(ti)(ti)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)子商務占比率。

  四、濱州市現代農業(ye)發展存在的(de)主要問題

    （一）農業本身存在的問(wen)題。

1、農(nong)業基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)條件有限。農(nong)村(cun)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)是發展現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)業的必要條件，也(ye)是現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)業建設(she)(she)的重要部分。“十二五”期(qi)間(jian)，濱州(zhou)市加(jia)大水利工程(cheng)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)，加(jia)大了對(dui)中低產田的改造力度，但是基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)仍然薄(bo)弱，抵(di)御(yu)自然災害的能(neng)力不強(qiang)。

    2、農村土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)流(liu)轉滯后(hou)。由于受國(guo)家(jia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)管理體制(zhi)的(de)約束，造成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)規模(mo)化(hua)程度低(di)。我(wo)國(guo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)資源配(pei)置(zhi)方式(shi)仍以非市場化(hua)為主，在農村土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)家(jia)庭承(cheng)包經營(ying)權制(zhi)度之下，農民以戶為單(dan)位各自從(cong)事農業生產，完(wan)(wan)全(quan)忽視了農村土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)本質上(shang)仍然是(shi)集體所有(you)這(zhe)一事實，尤其(qi)是(shi)在國(guo)家(jia)全(quan)面取消農業稅、實行農資補(bu)貼(tie)、良種補(bu)貼(tie)等惠農補(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策之后(hou)，廣大農民群眾幾乎把土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)當作(zuo)私有(you)財產，惜土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)情結更為突出，完(wan)(wan)全(quan)沒有(you)集體所有(you)、充分結合的(de)概念，加上(shang)政(zheng)府未及時出臺(tai)鼓勵農用地(di)流(liu)轉的(de)有(you)效制(zhi)度，很大程度的(de)上(shang)制(zhi)約了土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)規模(mo)化(hua)生產經營(ying)的(de)發展(zhan)。

2015年，濱州市土地(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)面積(ji)(ji)56.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，同比(bi)降低29%。從流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)形式看(kan)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)包31.9萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓5.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，互換1.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，出租(zu)12.1萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，股份合作2萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，其(qi)他形式3.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。從流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)去向(xiang)看(kan)，流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入農(nong)戶的18.9萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入合作社的10萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入企業的22.1萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入其(qi)他主體的5.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)而(er)言，農(nong)村土地(di)流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)滯后，農(nong)民積(ji)(ji)極性不高(gao)。

    3、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項目(mu)規模小、數量(liang)少。濱州市與發達地區相比大塊頭(tou)、有實力(li)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項目(mu)數量(liang)少，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項目(mu)的總(zong)體規模不夠(gou)大。按農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)門數據，濱州市年銷售收入2000萬元以上(shang)、規模以上(shang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)430家(jia)(jia)，市級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化重點龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)數達到(dao)381家(jia)(jia)；僅有4家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)被認定為(wei)(wei)國家(jia)(jia)級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化重點龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；53家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)被認定為(wei)(wei)省級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化重點龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)

雖說(shuo)近(jin)幾年通(tong)過多方(fang)努(nu)力(li)，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構已逐步優(you)(you)化，初步形成了幾大(da)優(you)(you)質產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，但總體上產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模偏小，再(zai)加上受傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)影(ying)響(xiang)，農(nong)民思(si)想觀念仍較落后(hou)，缺乏應有(you)(you)的(de)創造性和主(zhu)動性，也缺乏發展(zhan)高效生態農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應有(you)(you)的(de)超前(qian)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、競爭意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、風險意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、品(pin)(pin)牌意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、精(jing)品(pin)(pin)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、市(shi)場經濟(ji)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和創大(da)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。雖然全(quan)市(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)(pin)牌有(you)(you)了一些，但目前(qian)還沒有(you)(you)一個(ge)真正打得響(xiang)的(de)品(pin)(pin)牌，能(neng)代表全(quan)市(shi)的(de)形象。品(pin)(pin)種的(de)多亂雜、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)小而全(quan)，無(wu)疑影(ying)響(xiang)了主(zhu)打產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)規(gui)模發展(zhan)。

4、農(nong)業項(xiang)目(mu)見效慢、效益低。農(nong)業項(xiang)目(mu)不(bu)僅受(shou)(shou)自然(ran)(ran)條件(jian)的(de)約束和(he)限制(zhi)，而且受(shou)(shou)勞動力狀況、財力、物力等社會經濟(ji)條件(jian)的(de)影響(xiang)。農(nong)業項(xiang)目(mu)建設和(he)資金回收期較(jiao)長，農(nong)業生(sheng)產項(xiang)目(mu)建設周期是(shi)由農(nong)業生(sheng)產的(de)生(sheng)長周期所決定(ding)，并且受(shou)(shou)自然(ran)(ran)條件(jian)影響(xiang)較(jiao)大，具(ju)有明顯的(de)季節性和(he)不(bu)可(ke)預見性。

（二）農產品市場存在問題(ti)

1、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格低。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格指數呈逐年持續(xu)下(xia)跌(die)趨勢。隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品供(gong)給能力的大幅度(du)提高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品供(gong)求(qiu)由賣方(fang)市場轉(zhuan)向(xiang)買方(fang)市場，使得農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品區域性(xing)、結構性(xing)過剩，價(jia)格持續(xu)走(zou)低，出理農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品賣難(nan)、增產(chan)(chan)不(bu)增收(shou)，甚至增產(chan)(chan)減收(shou)的現象(xiang)層出不(bu)窮，造成農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入增長的貢獻(xian)逐年減少(shao)，嚴(yan)重打擊了農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)種養植(zhi)積極性(xing)，影(ying)響(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)人均收(shou)入。

2、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷路不暢通(tong)。盡管(guan)濱州現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)取得(de)了很(hen)大(da)成果，但與建(jian)設現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)目(mu)標和要求相比，還有一(yi)定差距(ju)，制約農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)矛盾和問題(ti)依(yi)然存(cun)在。生產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中由于缺乏市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)息收集，以(yi)及不具備產(chan)(chan)品(pin)深(shen)(shen)加工(gong)能(neng)力，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)多以(yi)“原始(shi)形態”上(shang)(shang)市(shi)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)附(fu)加值(zhi)低(di)，缺少(shao)“從農(nong)(nong)田到餐桌”的(de)高層次和完(wan)整的(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈條，存(cun)在著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工(gong)比利不合理，高精尖深(shen)(shen)加工(gong)占比小，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工(gong)值(zhi)低(di)。如現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)要求：農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技進(jin)步貢獻率在80％以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)商品(pin)化(hua)率95％以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，而(er)目(mu)前(qian)濱州農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技進(jin)步貢獻率和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)商品(pin)率都還存(cun)在很(hen)大(da)差距(ju)。例如：沾化(hua)冬棗、陽(yang)信(xin)鴨梨等農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，銷售市(shi)場(chang)十分不景氣，連(lian)續(xu)幾年出現產(chan)(chan)品(pin)滯銷。2014年全市(shi)棉花(hua)滯銷，棉企不收購、棉花(hua)價格(ge)大(da)幅下(xia)降(jiang)，群眾收入大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)。

3、農作(zuo)物進(jin)口(kou)市(shi)場(chang)沖擊(ji)大。近年來，進(jin)口(kou)農產(chan)品(pin)占國內農產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場(chang)份額日(ri)益增(zeng)大，對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)供求(qiu)關(guan)系與價格(ge)的(de)影響和引導作(zuo)用逐漸(jian)增(zeng)強，而(er)且影響逐漸(jian)從大豆(dou)、白(bai)糖、稻米(mi)等(deng)品(pin)種，向棉花、玉米(mi)、小麥(mai)、油脂等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)擴展蔓(man)延。農產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場(chang)全球(qiu)化進(jin)度在(zai)不斷加快，在(zai)當前國內部分農產(chan)品(pin)價格(ge)偏高、質量(liang)偏低的(de)背(bei)景下，國內市(shi)場(chang)對(dui)進(jin)口(kou)農產(chan)品(pin)的(de)需求(qiu)較強。這(zhe)也是近年來我國農產(chan)品(pin)進(jin)口(kou)數量(liang)激增(zeng)的(de)主要原因之一。

與國內(nei)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)價格(ge)和(he)質量相比，進(jin)口(kou)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)優勢明顯。2015年以來，國內(nei)棉花現(xian)(xian)貨價格(ge)一度比配額(e)進(jin)口(kou)棉花成(cheng)本(ben)高6000元/噸(dun)，進(jin)口(kou)白糖(tang)成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)國產(chan)糖(tang)現(xian)(xian)貨價格(ge)低(di)1000—3000元/噸(dun)，從(cong)越南(nan)(nan)等國進(jin)口(kou)的大米成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)廣西、江(jiang)西、湖南(nan)(nan)等地大米現(xian)(xian)貨價格(ge)低(di)200—500元/噸(dun)。

（三）農業政策存在(zai)的問題

1、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)項目發展(zhan)導向不夠明確(que)。發展(zhan)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)思路(lu)不夠清晰，對現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范建(jian)設缺乏(fa)明確(que)定位，對現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設的(de)(de)重視程度還不夠，尚(shang)未明確(que)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設的(de)(de)總體思路(lu)，項目建(jian)設缺乏(fa)規劃的(de)(de)統籌指導；示(shi)范項目的(de)(de)建(jian)設范圍和(he)領域還需進一(yi)步拓展(zhan)，部分(fen)示(shi)范項目的(de)(de)輻(fu)射和(he)帶動作用還需進一(yi)步增強。傳統模(mo)式的(de)(de)生產經(jing)營是導致濱州(zhou)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟現(xian)代化發展(zhan)較慢的(de)(de)直(zhi)接(jie)因(yin)素。

2、農業扶(fu)持政(zheng)策比(bi)較寬散，扶(fu)持分量(liang)不夠利用外(wai)資(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)不高。扶(fu)持政(zheng)策目(mu)標(biao)導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)不夠清(qing)晰(xi)。主要是(shi)多(duo)(duo)項目(mu)多(duo)(duo)導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)、項目(mu)導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)出現(xian)遞(di)減和變化。另外(wai)，良種補(bu)貼也兼有生產激勵目(mu)標(biao)導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)，糧(liang)食直(zhi)補(bu)也兼有收(shou)入支持目(mu)標(biao)導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)。這些不同目(mu)標(biao)導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)的(de)補(bu)貼項目(mu)歸并(bing)在一起綜(zong)合發放，很(hen)難體現(xian)各自的(de)專有導(dao)(dao)向(xiang)。

 四、加快推進(jin)現代(dai)農業(ye)發展(zhan)的思路和對(dui)策

 （一）用好上級扶持(chi)現代農業政策

  1.明確現代農業(ye)發展方(fang)向。準(zhun)確把握現代農業(ye)示范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)基本定位。開展現代農業(ye)示范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)，主要目(mu)的(de)是通過(guo)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)，探索濱(bin)州不同縣(xian)區(qu)現代農業(ye)發展方(fang)向、發展道(dao)路和組織方(fang)式，使之(zhi)成為推進農業(ye)現代化建(jian)設(she)的(de)重要方(fang)式。

2.認真(zhen)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)級(ji)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。認真(zhen)貫徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)級(ji)各項強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，積極(ji)調整支出結構(gou)，切實(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)大(da)(da)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)金投入。確(que)(que)保(bao)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)真(zhen)正惠(hui)(hui)(hui)及(ji)廣大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民群眾，進(jin)(jin)一步加(jia)大(da)(da)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)金監(jian)管(guan)，確(que)(que)保(bao)涉(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)金管(guan)好(hao)用(yong)好(hao)。針對(dui)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)項目進(jin)(jin)行(xing)重點(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。著力(li)健全監(jian)管(guan)機制(zhi)，采取不同(tong)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)方法先后對(dui)種(zhong)糧及(ji)良種(zhong)補貼資(zi)金、家(jia)電(dian)下鄉(xiang)補貼兌付(fu)資(zi)金及(ji)村級(ji)轉移支付(fu)資(zi)金等，從政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)制(zhi)度(du)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)、項目申報審批、資(zi)金下達、撥付(fu)和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)等環節，對(dui)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)金使(shi)(shi)用(yong)管(guan)理(li)(li)情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)專項檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)，重點(dian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)和糾正強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)金使(shi)(shi)用(yong)管(guan)理(li)(li)中存在的(de)問題，確(que)(que)保(bao)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)有效落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)和資(zi)金效益最(zui)大(da)(da)發揮。

全(quan)面推進(jin)農村(cun)集體各(ge)類產權(quan)(quan)確權(quan)(quan)頒證,認(ren)真解(jie)決農村(cun)土地承(cheng)(cheng)包經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)(quan)確權(quan)(quan)頒證歷史(shi)遺留(liu)問題(ti),實現(xian)農村(cun)所有耕地確權(quan)(quan)頒證全(quan)覆蓋；按照國家允許農民以(yi)轉(zhuan)包、出租、互換、轉(zhuan)讓等(deng)形(xing)式流轉(zhuan)土地承(cheng)(cheng)包經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)(quan),發展多種(zhong)形(xing)式的適度規(gui)模經(jing)營(ying)。通過法律形(xing)式將土地使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)流轉(zhuan)的原則、方針、程序(xu)、合同(tong)規(gui)范、監督管理(li)等(deng)固定下來。

3.政(zheng)府(fu)做好政(zheng)策制定和(he)調控。政(zheng)府(fu)在促進(jin)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)體系形成中承擔著兩(liang)方(fang)面(mian)的責任，管理與服務。必須處理好政(zheng)府(fu)與市場、農(nong)(nong)民的三(san)者關(guan)系，在確定農(nong)(nong)民和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)發展現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的主體地位的前提(ti)下，正確界定政(zheng)府(fu)的職能。

各部門實施在現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)具體(ti)目標和(he)(he)責任，各級政府提高(gao)社會成員(yuan)各方(fang)面參與現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)積極性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)創造性(xing)(xing)，堅持(chi)分工協作(zuo)、共同推進，建(jian)(jian)(jian)議地(di)方(fang)政府在促進現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展中(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)用，包括(kuo)加強對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)支持(chi)，促進現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)結(jie)構調整，配置和(he)(he)管理基本公共服務資源。

4.政策落(luo)地要結(jie)合各地實(shi)(shi)際，因(yin)(yin)地制(zhi)(zhi)宜。立足于濱州實(shi)(shi)際，實(shi)(shi)行差異性發展(zhan)規劃(hua)，做好(hao)(hao)規劃(hua)工作，具體編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)各縣區(qu)的(de)(de)現代(dai)農(nong)業建(jian)設規劃(hua)。要因(yin)(yin)地制(zhi)(zhi)宜確(que)定現代(dai)農(nong)業示范項目建(jian)設的(de)(de)重(zhong)點。要在規劃(hua)的(de)(de)指導下，圍繞(rao)當地優勢和特色，堅持(chi)區(qu)別對(dui)待，分類指導，因(yin)(yin)地制(zhi)(zhi)宜地確(que)定建(jian)設重(zhong)點。

5.    以產業基(ji)地建設(she)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎，以現(xian)代(dai)農業示(shi)范園區(qu)(qu)和專業村建設(she)為(wei)(wei)重點，形(xing)成以現(xian)代(dai)農業科技示(shi)范區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)載體、專業村為(wei)(wei)支撐、產業發展(zhan)基(ji)地為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎的農業主導(dao)產業結構(gou)(gou)布局，促進農業產業結構(gou)(gou)調整，提(ti)升(sheng)現(xian)代(dai)農業建設(she)水平。

（二）應對好農產品市(shi)場競爭

 1.加(jia)大(da)市場(chang)調控(kong)力度，穩定農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市場(chang)。完善(shan)流通體系，建(jian)立(li)完善(shan)的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市場(chang)流通體系。建(jian)立(li)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)批發(fa)市場(chang)為中心，以(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)市場(chang)為骨干，以(yi)市場(chang)中介組織和(he)農(nong)(nong)民經紀人(ren)隊伍為紐帶，以(yi)大(da)中城市直銷(xiao)直供市場(chang)為補(bu)充的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)售網絡，進一步完善(shan)市場(chang)體系。通過(guo)減(jian)少流通環節(jie)，降低流通成本，提高流通效(xiao)率，通過(guo)各種(zhong)形(xing)式的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)對(dui)接(jie)(jie)來降低農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價格。對(dui)“買難(nan)”有一套辦法，包括信(xin)息引導(dao)、供應鏈(lian)采購等，對(dui)“賣難(nan)”也(ye)有一些措施，包括農(nong)(nong)超對(dui)接(jie)(jie)，農(nong)(nong)業和(he)加(jia)工(gong)企業對(dui)接(jie)(jie)等。積極(ji)培育新型農(nong)(nong)業經營主(zhu)體和(he)新型農(nong)(nong)業服(fu)務主(zhu)體,有序發(fa)展土地(di)集中型、專業合作型、統一服(fu)務型等多種(zhong)形(xing)式的(de)農(nong)(nong)業適度規模經營。

2.探索“互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)+農業(ye)”發展模式(shi)。大力推(tui)進“互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)+”現代農業(ye),推(tui)動(dong)農業(ye)全產業(ye)鏈改造(zao)升級(ji)，加(jia)快農業(ye)科技進步，提高科技對農業(ye)發展的貢獻(xian)率(lv)。統籌做好“互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)+”發展規劃，研究制(zhi)定相關的政策意見，營造(zao)良(liang)好的發展環境。  

（三）深(shen)化農業(ye)服(fu)務體系建設，提升(sheng)綜(zong)合服(fu)務水平

1.支持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)發(fa)(fa)展。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民專業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)是現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展過程(cheng)(cheng)中，以農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶為主體的(de)主要組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)形式，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)高效發(fa)(fa)揮，對(dui)于提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量、提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)、推進(jin)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)，加快實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代(dai)化起著(zhu)決定(ding)性(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。目前，濱州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)建設取得了一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展，但(dan)是也有(you)問(wen)題與不(bu)足，具(ju)有(you)一定(ding)規模(mo)(mo)的(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)數(shu)量少(shao)，大部分(fen)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)競爭力(li)不(bu)夠，產(chan)值(zhi)小(xiao)，不(bu)具(ju)備規模(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)營的(de)能(neng)力(li)。部分(fen)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)運(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)規范，缺少(shao)系統的(de)管理制(zhi)度(du)和(he)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)章(zhang)程(cheng)(cheng)，有(you)的(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)即使有(you)制(zhi)度(du)也不(bu)規范，或者(zhe)在(zai)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)中不(bu)按規章(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)辦事。還存在(zai)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)意識不(bu)強的(de)問(wen)題，缺少(shao)行業(ye)內以及(ji)行業(ye)以外的(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)概念。

2.培育適應“三農(nong)(nong)”發展的(de)(de)新型農(nong)(nong)民。進一步加強和(he)完善農(nong)(nong)業技術推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)體系。面對新形(xing)勢發展的(de)(de)需要(yao)，要(yao)不斷注入新的(de)(de)技術力(li)量，來充實技術推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)隊伍，才能滿足(zu)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業快速發展的(de)(de)需要(yao)。農(nong)(nong)業技術推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)網絡(luo)和(he)隊伍是(shi)科學技術轉化為農(nong)(nong)業現(xian)實生產力(li)的(de)(de)主要(yao)載體，也是(shi)提高農(nong)(nong)民素(su)質的(de)(de)重要(yao)途(tu)徑(jing)。

總  結

本課題(ti)在廣(guang)大學者(zhe)論述的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，以濱州市為例，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)探(tan)索(suo)研(yan)究現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)(yue)瓶(ping)頸。尤(you)其是(shi)提出了受有關土地(di)(di)政策制約(yue)(yue)影響了土地(di)(di)流轉，一(yi)定程度上阻礙(ai)了現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。充分借鑒了國(guo)內外先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)驗。美(mei)國(guo)、荷蘭等國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式，做(zuo)到了理(li)論聯系實際，因地(di)(di)制宜，實事(shi)求是(shi)，通過詳實的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)和(he)典型的(de)(de)(de)案例分析，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)論證了現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向和(he)前景。本課題(ti)提出的(de)(de)(de)措施建議，對于加快推進(jin)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，實現十八屆(jie)五(wu)中全會(hui)提出的(de)(de)(de)“大力(li)推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)業現代(dai)(dai)化，加快轉變農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式，走產(chan)(chan)出高效、產(chan)(chan)品安全、資源節約(yue)(yue)、環境友好的(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)(dai)化道路。”的(de)(de)(de)目標定位具有重要的(de)(de)(de)推動意義。

參考文獻

[1]關(guan)于加快推進現(xian)代農業示范區建(jian)設的意見(jian)  魯(lu)政辦發〔2012〕25號《山東省人民政府公報》 2012年10期

篇5

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：鎮江市(shi)；休閑農業(ye)；現代農業(ye)；發(fa)展

中圖分類號 F592 文獻(xian)標識(shi)碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731（2016）13-0141-03

1 鎮江(jiang)市現代(dai)農業發(fa)展成效(xiao)

鎮(zhen)(zhen)江市擁有(you)2 651km2的(de)丘陵山(shan)區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)，16萬(wan)(wan)hm2耕地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)，5.33萬(wan)(wan)hm2林地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)，8.2萬(wan)(wan)hm2水(shui)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)資源相對豐富，屬北(bei)亞熱(re)帶(dai)季風氣候，溫、光(guang)、水(shui)比較協調，十分有(you)利(li)于(yu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產，是歷史上的(de)“魚米之鄉”，盛產水(shui)稻、小麥、油(you)菜(cai)、蠶桑(sang)、茶葉、多種瓜果(guo)蔬菜(cai)以(yi)及各種淡水(shui)產品和畜牧(mu)產品。近年(nian)來，鎮(zhen)(zhen)江農(nong)業(ye)(ye)以(yi)市場為導向，充分發揮資源優勢，堅持城(cheng)郊型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)總(zong)體定(ding)位(wei)，發展高效、外向和生態觀光(guang)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)，走出了(le)一條具有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)江特(te)色的(de)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展之路。具體表現為：

1.1 特(te)色(se)主(zhu)導(dao)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)初步建立 優質糧油(you)、優質肉奶、高效園(yuan)藝(yi)、特(te)色(se)水產、生態經濟(ji)林業(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)及休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)六大(da)特(te)色(se)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)初步形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)；一大(da)批特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品生產基地(di)(di)已初具(ju)規模；區(qu)域優勢(shi)逐步顯現，初步形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)經濟(ji)林、種草養畜、應時鮮(xian)果(guo)、無公(gong)害茶葉等(deng)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)丘陵地(di)(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)優質糧油(you)、花卉苗木、特(te)種水產等(deng)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)平原圩(wei)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)設(she)施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、時鮮(xian)蔬菜和休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)城市郊(jiao)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)[1]。

1.2 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)逐步提高 從(cong)2012年開始(shi)，鎮(zhen)江市(shi)在市(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)建(jian)(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)監管(guan)專(zhuan)職機構(gou)的基礎上，逐步建(jian)(jian)立鄉鎮(zhen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監管(guan)機構(gou)，已確認鎮(zhen)江市(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)A級(ji)(ji)誠(cheng)信企業59家、B級(ji)(ji)誠(cheng)信企業154家。大(da)力推進以標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)茶果(guo)菜(cai)園、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)畜牧場(chang)、水產(chan)(chan)(chan)場(chang)為主體的標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)示范基地建(jian)(jian)設，共(gong)建(jian)(jian)設標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)園藝園23個(ge)(ge)，總面積達1 683hm2，建(jian)(jian)成標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)魚(yu)池3 866.67萬hm2，建(jian)(jian)成部(bu)級(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)養殖場(chang)4家，省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)生態健康養殖場(chang)163家。全(quan)市(shi)“三(san)品(pin)一標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)”總量(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)1 035個(ge)(ge)，其中(zhong)無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)955個(ge)(ge)（含水產(chan)(chan)(chan)158個(ge)(ge)），綠色食品(pin)57個(ge)(ge)，有(you)機食品(pin)21個(ge)(ge)，地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)2個(ge)(ge)，綠色生產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料1個(ge)(ge)。

1.3 休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業初具(ju)雛形 截至2015年底，鎮江(jiang)已有32家(jia)休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)觀光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業示范(fan)點(dian)(dian)，句容戴(dai)莊村(cun)由農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部(bu)評選為(wei)“中(zhong)國最(zui)美休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)鄉(xiang)村(cun)”稱(cheng)號，它也是(shi)全(quan)省唯一獲(huo)得此殊榮的現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)。丹(dan)陽(yang)萬新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)莊和丹(dan)徒(tu)區(qu)開心農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)創成全(quan)國休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業與(yu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)旅游三星級(ji)企(qi)業。另外，全(quan)國休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業與(yu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)旅游星級(ji)示范(fan)點(dian)(dian)提檔升級(ji)創建活動，位于句容境內的江(jiang)蘇巖藤農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展有限(xian)公司由四星級(ji)升格為(wei)五(wu)星級(ji)。鎮江(jiang)已經初步形成了以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品采摘為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事體驗模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)、以(yi)人文景觀為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)的旅游觀光(guang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)、以(yi)花(hua)卉苗木或植物園為(wei)依托的觀光(guang)休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)、以(yi)現代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業園為(wei)依托的度假(jia)休閑(xian)(xian)(xian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)等(deng)四種(zhong)觀光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)[2]。

2 休閑農業與現代農業的(de)關系

休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)指(zhi)的(de)是在發(fa)展現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)背景下，通(tong)過利用農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)景觀、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)環境和農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資源，以(yi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化生產(chan)、生活為(wei)(wei)依托，以(yi)體(ti)(ti)驗農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)及農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)為(wei)(wei)目的(de)，具有一、二、三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)功(gong)能(neng)特性的(de)新型產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)型態。休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)組成部(bu)分(fen)，其集中體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)特征(zheng)，實現(xian)(xian)了(le)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構的(de)優(you)化升級，體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)多種功(gong)能(neng)優(you)勢，推動了(le)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化進(jin)程的(de)步伐(fa)。有效提高了(le)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)各項評(ping)價指(zhi)標(biao)[3]。

3 當前鎮江市休閑農業建(jian)設中存在(zai)的問題(ti)

鎮江市(shi)休閑農(nong)業(ye)(ye)建設與其(qi)他休閑農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展較好的地市(shi)相比(bi)，主要存在以下(xia)問題：

3.1 特色不(bu)突(tu)出 當前鎮江制定(ding)的(de)休(xiu)閑農業發展格局，缺乏系統性(xing)、完整性(xing)，存在一定(ding)的(de)隨意性(xing)，經(jing)營內容雷同，功(gong)能不(bu)配套(tao)，重復開發等問題(ti)嚴重。

3.2 經(jing)營(ying)(ying)管理(li)粗放(fang)，從業(ye)人員(yuan)素質不高 目前鎮江的大部分休(xiu)閑農(nong)業(ye)企業(ye)缺乏(fa)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)管理(li)經(jing)驗，經(jing)營(ying)(ying)較粗放(fang)，管理(li)手段相對(dui)落后，休(xiu)閑農(nong)業(ye)園區內(nei)住宿、餐飲、環保(bao)、衛生等缺乏(fa)規范(fan)操作，從業(ye)人員(yuan)多為當地(di)從事農(nong)業(ye)生產的農(nong)民，缺乏(fa)休(xiu)閑農(nong)業(ye)的服(fu)務技能，整體素質和服(fu)務水平相對(dui)較低。

3.3 休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)力度不(bu)夠 當前(qian)鎮江市加大了(le)對(dui)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)研究力度，但是(shi)(shi)廣大市民對(dui)于(yu)休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)仍缺乏了(le)解，多數人都是(shi)(shi)在朋友的(de)(de)推(tui)薦或帶(dai)領下才能(neng)找到農(nong)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)，而(er)對(dui)于(yu)每個(ge)園(yuan)(yuan)區里有哪些服務項(xiang)目更是(shi)(shi)不(bu)清楚，盡管部分休(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行了(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)推(tui)廣宣傳(chuan)活動(dong)，但力度仍不(bu)明顯。

3.4 生態環境(jing)可(ke)持續發(fa)展面臨威(wei)脅 發(fa)展休閑(xian)農業(ye)既不(bu)是純粹(cui)的農業(ye)開發(fa)也不(bu)是旅游項(xiang)目的推廣，當前(qian)在休閑(xian)農業(ye)開發(fa)中，注重發(fa)展忽視(shi)環境(jing)保護(hu)的現象(xiang)存在，尤其是在引(yin)入商業(ye)投資后，原(yuan)本的生態環境(jing)受到破(po)壞(huai)，不(bu)利于生態環境(jing)的可(ke)持續發(fa)展[4]。

4 進一步發展鎮江市休閑農業的對策建(jian)議(yi)

4.1 加強領導(dao)，以(yi)政策帶動發(fa)(fa)展(zhan) 江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)已經明確了全省(sheng)(sheng)休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的主管單(dan)位為(wei)各市農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部門，為(wei)推進(jin)休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，制(zhi)定(ding)了《江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)休閑(xian)觀光農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)“十二五”發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)》。鎮江(jiang)市應進(jin)一步制(zhi)定(ding)詳細的休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)，充分利用當地(di)資(zi)源，開發(fa)(fa)具有較高(gao)影(ying)響(xiang)力的休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)路(lu)線，促(cu)進(jin)休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

4.2 因地(di)制宜(yi)，規劃(hua)(hua)先(xian)行 發(fa)展(zhan)休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業應(ying)以(yi)科學的發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)(hua)為(wei)前提，以(yi)“合理開(kai)發(fa)、可持續利(li)用”為(wei)要求，以(yi)“因地(di)制宜(yi)、突出特色、和諧發(fa)展(zhan)”為(wei)原(yuan)則，避(bi)免雷同、重復建設(she)，根據區域特點，做到有序開(kai)發(fa)。另外，還應(ying)與土地(di)利(li)用總體規劃(hua)(hua)、現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)(hua)、城鄉(xiang)建設(she)規劃(hua)(hua)相互(hu)銜接，確保休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業規劃(hua)(hua)的整體性、前瞻性、可操作性及可持續性。

4.3 組建(jian)協(xie)會，推動發展(zhan) 為了提(ti)升休(xiu)閑(xian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的服(fu)(fu)務(wu)水(shui)平，做好行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自律(lv)，通過成(cheng)立(li)休(xiu)閑(xian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會，加大對協(xie)會成(cheng)員的培訓力度，不斷提(ti)高各園區服(fu)(fu)務(wu)人(ren)員的整(zheng)體素質(zhi)，增(zeng)強行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自我服(fu)(fu)務(wu)、自我管理、自我約束、自我發展(zhan)的能力，真正(zheng)打造一(yi)批特色突出、經營規(gui)范、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)周到、安全衛生，深受游客(ke)歡迎的休(xiu)閑(xian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基地，推動農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)休(xiu)閑(xian)市場的發展(zhan)[5]。

4.4 彰顯特色，示(shi)范(fan)引導 休(xiu)閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)為基礎，農(nong)(nong)民(min)為主體(ti)。鎮(zhen)江(jiang)應(ying)(ying)充分利用自身的區域與資源優(you)勢(shi)，將鎮(zhen)江(jiang)的現代休(xiu)閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)做精(jing)、做亮，突出品味與個性，增強吸引力。同時，還應(ying)(ying)利用好鎮(zhen)江(jiang)深厚的歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)底(di)蘊，充分挖掘鎮(zhen)江(jiang)的歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)、民(min)俗文(wen)化(hua)、農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)文(wen)化(hua)，加(jia)快谷陽鎮(zhen)槐蔭(yin)村、寶華山千華古村等古村的保護與開發(fa)，通過歷(li)史風貌(mao)的再現和(he)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的結(jie)合，打造出具有江(jiang)南水鄉韻味的歷(li)史古村落。另外，鎮(zhen)江(jiang)還應(ying)(ying)精(jing)心培育和(he)打造一批(pi)重(zhong)點休(xiu)閑(xian)觀光(guang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)龍(long)頭企業(ye)、示(shi)范(fan)村和(he)精(jing)品“農(nong)(nong)家樂”，不斷(duan)提(ti)升休(xiu)閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的檔次和(he)品味。

4.5 多遠投入，吸引外(wai)資(zi)開發(fa)項(xiang)目 休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是一(yi)項(xiang)系統性工程，需要方方面面的(de)(de)協調配合和(he)關心(xin)支持(chi)(chi)。從(cong)2011年起(qi)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)、國土部(bu)(bu)、金(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構都(dou)加大了對休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)扶持(chi)(chi)，省財政(zheng)每年設立2 000萬(wan)元專項(xiang)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)，扶持(chi)(chi)休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)觀(guan)光農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范點、示(shi)范村(cun)發(fa)展。隨著休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)功(gong)能與效益的(de)(de)不斷顯現(xian)，鎮江市(shi)應(ying)進一(yi)步加大對休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)支持(chi)(chi)力度，在財政(zheng)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)帶動下(xia)，民間資(zi)本、外(wai)資(zi)也開始關注休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投資(zi)，通過(guo)開發(fa)鄉(xiang)村(cun)旅游，發(fa)展休(xiu)(xiu)閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)[6]。

4.6 加(jia)強領(ling)導，強化宣(xuan)傳 各級各部門應(ying)統一思(si)想，創(chuang)新(xin)思(si)維，狠抓(zhua)落(luo)實，切(qie)實加(jia)強組織領(ling)導。應(ying)加(jia)大(da)宣(xuan)傳力度，擴(kuo)大(da)影響，提高知名(ming)度，營造發展氛圍(wei)，積(ji)極辦好各種節(jie)慶(qing)活(huo)動(dong)，精心做好世業洲音樂節(jie)、句容草莓節(jie)、江(jiang)心洲“柑橘(ju)節(jie)”等節(jie)慶(qing)活(huo)動(dong)，不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大(da)市場占有率和影響力。

5 展望

鎮(zhen)(zhen)江市(shi)休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)應緊緊圍繞市(shi)委“生態領先、特色發展(zhan)(zhan)”的(de)(de)戰略(lve)部署，堅持“創新(xin)、協調、綠色、開(kai)放、共享(xiang)”的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian)，提(ti)升觀(guan)光(guang)休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)涵，突出休閑(xian)(xian)創意農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，拓展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)功能(neng)(neng)，打破產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)界限，一、二、三產(chan)互相滲透(tou)，實現(xian)(xian)綜合效(xiao)益的(de)(de)提(ti)高。鎮(zhen)(zhen)江市(shi)優越的(de)(de)生態環境和豐富的(de)(de)旅游資源(yuan)，為休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供了(le)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)空(kong)間，加速了(le)人文(wen)資源(yuan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)要(yao)素的(de)(de)集聚融合。在今后的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)中，鎮(zhen)(zhen)江市(shi)休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將重點打造(zao)三個觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)，即：城市(shi)周邊觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)，突出生物(wu)科普教育功能(neng)(neng)；丘(qiu)陵生態觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)，突出生態、休閑(xian)(xian)、觀(guan)光(guang)功能(neng)(neng)；濱水觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)，體現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)漁(yu)風光(guang)、水邊垂釣、漁(yu)事勞作等功能(neng)(neng)，逐步(bu)提(ti)高現(xian)(xian)代休閑(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)外延效(xiao)益。

參考文獻

[1]安林海(hai).鎮(zhen)江市(shi)現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區發展(zhan)現(xian)狀及(ji)對策[J].現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)科技，2014，22：309-311.

[2]王樹進(jin)，陳宇峰.我(wo)國休閑農(nong)業(ye)發展的空間(jian)相(xiang)關性及(ji)影(ying)響因素研究(jiu)[J].農(nong)業(ye)經濟問題，2013，09：38-45.

[3]范水生(sheng)，朱朝枝.休閑農業的概念(nian)與內涵原(yuan)探[J].東南學術，2011，02：72-78.

[4]張廣海，包烏蘭托亞.我國休閑農業(ye)產業(ye)化及(ji)其(qi)模式研(yan)究(jiu)[J].經濟問題探索，2012，10：30-37.

篇6

關鍵詞 現代(dai)農業；發展概況(kuang)；基礎條件(jian)；對策(ce)；廣東(dong)懷集

中圖分類號(hao) F207 文(wen)獻標識(shi)碼 A 文(wen)章編號(hao) 1007-5739（2013）22-0311-02

1 懷集縣現代農(nong)業發展(zhan)概況

懷(huai)集縣(xian)總面積3 573 km2，耕地面積逾4萬(wan)hm2，總人口106萬(wan)人，其中農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口90萬(wan)人以上，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產(chan)值(zhi)71.17億元。近年來，在(zai)上級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部門、縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府的(de)指(zhi)導和大(da)力(li)支持(chi)下(xia)，認真貫徹(che)《懷(huai)集縣(xian)珠三角優質安全食品(pin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基地發(fa)展(zhan)規劃》，使現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)呈現(xian)出良好的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)勢頭(tou)：農(nong)(nong)(nong)田基礎設施(shi)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)裝備日(ri)臻完善，經(jing)營(ying)主體龍頭(tou)帶動作(zuo)用充分(fen)展(zhan)現(xian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)供給能力(li)大(da)大(da)提高，特色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)牌(pai)經(jing)濟成(cheng)效初(chu)步體現(xian)。然而，某(mou)些傳統農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)落后面貌需(xu)要(yao)改變才能進一步解放(fang)生產(chan)力(li)。

2 懷集縣(xian)現代農業發展的基(ji)礎條(tiao)件

2.1 懷集縣現(xian)代農業發展的(de)有利條件(jian)

2.1.1 基(ji)礎建(jian)設和生產(chan)裝(zhuang)備步伐加快(kuai)。農建(jian)項目完成(cheng)修建(jian)渠道293.4 km，鋪設機耕路48.8 km，整治農田(tian)9 933.33 hm2；農機總動力40萬kW，水(shui)稻綜合(he)機械化(hua)水(shui)平60%，其(qi)中(zhong)機耕水(shui)平96%，機插(cha)水(shui)平7.5%，機收水(shui)平64.8%，2013年實施(shi)省級(ji)水(shui)稻育(yu)插(cha)秧機械化(hua)示范(fan)縣項目，建(jian)設2 hm2以上連片示范(fan)點12個，整村(cun)推進示范(fan)點3個；全縣大棚生產(chan)設施(shi)逾(yu)133.33 hm2，水(shui)肥一體化(hua)的滴灌噴灌設施(shi)逾(yu)2 000 hm2。

2.1.2 標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化程度(du)和供給(gei)能力提高。建成了國(guo)家級(ji)園(yuan)藝作物標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)園(yuan)3個(ge)，省(sheng)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化示(shi)范(fan)區4個(ge)，其(qi)中連(lian)片66.67 hm2以(yi)上無公害標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化供港蔬菜基(ji)(ji)地(di)3個(ge)，連(lian)片6.67 hm2以(yi)上水果(guo)基(ji)(ji)地(di)200余個(ge)，規模生豬養殖場927個(ge)。屬(shu)國(guo)家園(yuan)藝作物標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)園(yuan)的(de)懷集(ji)縣華天達生態果(guo)業有限公司(si)連(lian)片133.33 hm2大型沙糖桔基(ji)(ji)地(di)，在生態健康栽(zai)培(pei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上，應(ying)用太陽能滅蟲器、誘(you)蟲黃(huang)板、以(yi)螨(man)(man)治(zhi)螨(man)(man)生物防治(zhi)等現代(dai)科技手(shou)段(duan)綜合防治(zhi)害蟲，產(chan)品也通(tong)過了“綠色(se)食品”認(ren)證，種植6年未有黃(huang)龍病發生，是(shi)優質安全可(ke)持續發展的(de)先進代(dai)表(biao)。

2.1.3 經營主(zhu)體培優(you)和產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌營銷(xiao)(xiao)初見成(cheng)效(xiao)。懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)山(shan)青(qing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)司、懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)廣東溫氏(shi)、肇(zhao)慶市(shi)愛(ai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)司、懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)縣福盛藥業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)司等成(cheng)為省(sheng)內(nei)知(zhi)名企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，也是(shi)(shi)典型的“產(chan)—供(gong)(gong)—銷(xiao)(xiao)”一條龍服務企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。如懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)廣東溫氏(shi)是(shi)(shi)懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)豬(zhu)養殖業(ye)(ye)的龍頭(tou)，建有(you)(you)種(zhong)豬(zhu)場3個(ge)(ge)，年出欄(lan)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)仔豬(zhu)40萬(wan)頭(tou)，配套飼(si)料廠1家，年供(gong)(gong)應飼(si)料10萬(wan) t以上，在其雄(xiong)厚實力支(zhi)撐和帶(dai)動(dong)下(xia)，全縣生(sheng)豬(zhu)年出欄(lan)量穩(wen)定(ding)在100萬(wan)頭(tou)以上，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)穩(wen)定(ding)供(gong)(gong)應中山(shan)等珠三角(jiao)市(shi)場。又如肇(zhao)慶市(shi)愛(ai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)司懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)冷坑雙甘(gan)、馬寧寨村基地，生(sheng)產(chan)面(mian)積達2 00多(duo)hm2，配套有(you)(you)冷庫、分級包裝預冷場地、噴灌設施、大棚種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)、大棚無(wu)土(tu)栽培（水上漂）育苗區(qu)，葉菜、瓜、豆類(lei)等蔬(shu)菜年產(chan)量1.5萬(wan) t以上，帶(dai)動(dong)周邊1 000余農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶就業(ye)(ye)，是(shi)(shi)典型的現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)基地。全縣有(you)(you)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)11個(ge)(ge)，綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)4個(ge)(ge)，廣東省(sheng)名牌產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)5個(ge)(ge)，高(gao)山(shan)青(qing)凍頂茶、掛綠、新崗美人、崗坪(ping)切粉(fen)、懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)油粘米、懷(huai)(huai)(huai)(huai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)菜心、六十日(ri)黃菜等特色產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)不(bu)應求(qiu)。

2.1.4 以公益(yi)為(wei)主多(duo)元化合(he)作為(wei)輔的農(nong)技推廣模式初步形成。縣、鎮(zhen)兩級農(nong)技服(fu)務體(ti)系架構(gou)完善(shan)，有編制有保障(zhang)，完善(shan)了崗位設(she)置(zhi)，構(gou)建起“專家組(zu)+技術(shu)指導員+科技示范戶”的公益(yi)農(nong)技推廣模式。龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、專業(ye)(ye)合(he)作社、行業(ye)(ye)協會(hui)、農(nong)資企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、種養大戶等(deng)多(duo)元化社會(hui)力量廣泛合(he)作參與農(nong)技推廣。

2.1.5 交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)明(ming)顯改善使(shi)對外交(jiao)(jiao)流合(he)作日益頻繁。兩廣高速(su)開(kai)通(tong)以(yi)及即將開(kai)通(tong)的(de)貴廣鐵路，馬上動工的(de)昆(kun)汕高速(su)，將懷集(ji)縣納入了“珠(zhu)三角一小時經濟圈”，促(cu)進(jin)經濟文化的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流合(he)作，相(xiang)信(xin)現代(dai)農業科技會(hui)有多(duo)種渠(qu)道(dao)、多(duo)種方式的(de)融會(hui)發展(zhan)。

2.2 懷集(ji)縣現代農(nong)業發展的不利因素

2.2.1 鎮村級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)和(he)監測力量薄弱。農(nong)技(ji)推(tui)(tui)廣服(fu)務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系形成基本架構，但鎮級(ji)農(nong)技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)大多服(fu)務(wu)(wu)于(yu)鎮的(de)(de)計生、合(he)醫、維(wei)穩、征兵等(deng)工作任務(wu)(wu)，且大部分人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)從原來的(de)(de)職工、臨(lin)工中(zhong)收編，年齡(ling)偏大、知識老化，鎮鄉級(ji)190余名(ming)農(nong)技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)備(bei)中(zhong)級(ji)以(yi)上職稱(cheng)的(de)(de)只(zhi)有(you)1人(ren)。大部分鎮鄉農(nong)業技(ji)術推(tui)(tui)廣中(zhong)心(xin)與鎮農(nong)辦(ban)共用不超過(guo)30 m2的(de)(de)辦(ban)公室，基本的(de)(de)辦(ban)公設備(bei)和(he)專業儀器不齊備(bei)，沒有(you)自主產(chan)權的(de)(de)試驗(yan)示范基地。

2.2.2 土地連片流轉經(jing)營的(de)難度高。農業(ye)人(ren)口數量龐(pang)大(da)，人(ren)均耕地少，土地承包經(jing)營過于分散(san)，且(qie)工(gong)業(ye)服務業(ye)不發(fa)(fa)達，農民對土地高度依賴的(de)情結(jie)普遍存在(zai)，經(jing)營主體(ti)落戶(hu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)或(huo)擴大(da)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需求難以滿足。尤其導致(zhi)種植業(ye)“四(si)個經(jing)營主體(ti)”發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)程(cheng)度低，現有農業(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)、專業(ye)合(he)作社、種養大(da)戶(hu)、家庭(ting)農場4個經(jing)營主體(ti)所占的(de)份額少。

2.2.3 大型農(nong)產品批發市場、物流設施等(deng)配(pei)套缺乏。運輸銷售(shou)相對(dui)困難，中間(jian)成本增加，一定程度(du)上影(ying)響了商品化(hua)生產的積極性。

2.2.4 農產品加工(gong)企業數量少和(he)規模小。農產品加工(gong)環節薄弱，產業鏈短，整(zheng)體(ti)經(jing)濟效益低。

2.2.5 地(di)方(fang)財(cai)(cai)政可以(yi)投入農業(ye)的(de)資金非(fei)常(chang)有(you)(you)限。地(di)方(fang)財(cai)(cai)政資金保基本運作，沒有(you)(you)可支配發展(zhan)的(de)余地(di)。

3 懷集縣(xian)推進現代農業發展(zhan)的對策

3.1 抓硬(ying)件(jian)設(she)施裝備

一(yi)(yi)是抓(zhua)(zhua)好農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)利建設(she)(she)，全縣還有待建設(she)(she)的(de)排灌(guan)(guan)渠道近200 km，機(ji)耕路15 km，計劃整治(zhi)中低產(chan)農(nong)(nong)田1萬(wan)hm2。二是解放(fang)和合理利用(yong)勞動力，全面(mian)(mian)提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)械化(hua)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，水(shui)(shui)稻綜合機(ji)械化(hua)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)70 %，主抓(zhua)(zhua)機(ji)插(cha)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，力爭提高到(dao)20%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；大(da)棚生產(chan)設(she)(she)施333.33 hm2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，水(shui)(shui)肥一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)的(de)滴(di)灌(guan)(guan)、噴灌(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)施3 333.33 hm2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。三是改變目前鎮鄉農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技術推廣中心(xin)無辦(ban)公服務大(da)廳的(de)落后面(mian)(mian)貌，達(da)到(dao)每站有80 m2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，配備基本(ben)的(de)辦(ban)公和專業(ye)(ye)儀器。四(si)是爭取大(da)型物流園區和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品批發市(shi)場盡快立項。

3.2 抓(zhua)項目對接(jie)強本

在懷集縣(xian)財力有限的(de)(de)情(qing)況下更(geng)要爭取(qu)上(shang)(shang)級財政(zheng)資金(jin)支持(chi)，依靠中(zhong)央和省(sheng)級農(nong)(nong)業(ye)專項資金(jin)增加投(tou)入(ru)以解(jie)決發(fa)展現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)成本投(tou)入(ru)大(da)的(de)(de)問題。壯大(da)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)專家團隊，在全(quan)縣(xian)現有2名高級農(nong)(nong)藝(yi)師(shi)、3名農(nong)(nong)藝(yi)師(shi)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)再培養10名以上(shang)(shang)農(nong)(nong)藝(yi)師(shi)，發(fa)揮專家智囊(nang)團作用，加強農(nong)(nong)業(ye)項目立項可行性研究(jiu)，“無縫(feng)對接”中(zhong)央、省(sheng)的(de)(de)發(fa)展規劃(hua)。

3.3 抓(zhua)土(tu)地流轉突破

目前(qian)，農(nong)村進入(ru)70后、80后新生(sheng)代當家(jia)(jia)的轉型期，這個群體(ti)(ti)的青年大部分(fen)不(bu)愿(yuan)意像(xiang)老輩人一樣在(zai)家(jia)(jia)務農(nong)，是(shi)開展農(nong)民(min)(min)、居(ju)民(min)(min)“國民(min)(min)一體(ti)(ti)化”、“城(cheng)(cheng)鄉一體(ti)(ti)化”試點的恰當時機，也有(you)利于抓好水田(tian)土地(di)流(liu)轉經營(ying)(ying)攻關。通(tong)過爭取(qu)上級(ji)直接支持(chi)資(zi)金補助“四(si)大經營(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)”土地(di)流(liu)轉，以解(jie)決農(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)(ying)風(feng)險高利潤低與農(nong)民(min)(min)不(bu)愿(yuan)降低土地(di)流(liu)轉租金的矛盾(dun)。多部門合力(li)推進科學規劃城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化，有(you)效(xiao)轉移勞(lao)動力(li)，逐步(bu)完善社(she)會保障體(ti)(ti)系，以緩和(he)相當部分(fen)農(nong)民(min)(min)寧愿(yuan)丟(diu)荒也不(bu)愿(yuan)流(liu)轉土地(di)的矛盾(dun)。

3.4 抓服務隊伍(wu)提質(zhi)

一方面通(tong)過派送到省(sheng)、市(shi)以(yi)及縣內學習觀摩，補貼(tie)鼓勵(li)中青(qing)年參(can)加(jia)在職(zhi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)專業(ye)學歷教育等手段，對現有基層(ceng)農(nong)(nong)技推廣體系管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)和技術骨干大規模(mo)開展(zhan)培訓；另一方面吸收更多農(nong)(nong)業(ye)專業(ye)大學畢業(ye)生以(yi)解決年齡和知識(shi)斷層(ceng)問題，提高隊伍整(zheng)體素質和服務水平[1-2]。

3.5 抓現代農民培養(yang)

職業(ye)化農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)培訓(xun)在(zai)社會轉(zhuan)型(xing)期更顯得重要(yao)，因為隨著50—60年代(dai)的(de)老一(yi)輩傳(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)在(zai)經(jing)歷了紅(hong)紅(hong)火火的(de)時(shi)期后(hou)逐漸榮退，戶籍所顯示的(de)很(hen)多“農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)”其實并不是真正(zheng)意義的(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)，有很(hen)多真正(zheng)務農(nong)(nong)的(de)人員又不是“農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)”，農(nong)(nong)村正(zheng)面臨今后(hou)“誰(shui)來種田”的(de)問題。現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)或者稱為新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)，培訓(xun)對(dui)象轉(zhuan)向農(nong)(nong)村中(zhong)青年以及高中(zhong)畢業(ye)生、職中(zhong)生，除(chu)了普(pu)及基本(ben)農(nong)(nong)耕知識(shi)外，更多的(de)是需要(yao)共同探索成本(ben)控制(zhi)之(zhi)道(dao)、科技應用之(zhi)術、產品經(jing)營(ying)之(zhi)策。

3.6 抓招商引資帶動(dong)

通(tong)過派(pai)駐專人服務跟蹤、落戶政策優惠等，吸(xi)引(yin)社會資本和經(jing)營人才投入(ru)農(nong)業，融會工業發展(zhan)理(li)念，引(yin)進企業管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)，實行(xing)資金技術幫扶，培(pei)養(yang)更多有實力的經(jing)營主體作為龍頭(tou)并(bing)起帶動作用。尤(you)其要加(jia)大在農(nong)產品(pin)加(jia)工領域的招商[3]。

3.7 抓品改技改示(shi)范，抓農業品牌宣(xuan)傳

充分調動基(ji)層(ceng)農(nong)技(ji)推廣隊伍的積極(ji)性，廣泛開展(zhan)新(xin)品種新(xin)技(ji)術試驗(yan)示(shi)范(fan)，建立相對固定的示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)地(di)(di)。利用現有龍頭企(qi)業(ye)、專(zhuan)業(ye)合作社(she)、種養大戶的基(ji)地(di)(di)作為生(sheng)產(chan)示(shi)范(fan)，加(jia)(jia)快科技(ji)成果應用轉化(hua)。農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)效益最終要通過市場(chang)環節體現。鼓勵生(sheng)產(chan)者注重共同(tong)維護(hu)地(di)(di)方質(zhi)量信譽，保持產(chan)品整(zheng)體安全優(you)質(zhi)的水(shui)平。獎勵開展(zhan)分級包裝、統一標(biao)識、冷鏈配送、售后服務、展(zhan)覽展(zhan)銷等品牌(pai)(pai)創建活動的企(qi)業(ye)或個人。扶(fu)持地(di)(di)方特(te)色名優(you)農(nong)產(chan)品，優(you)先進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)示(shi)范(fan)立項[4]。適度開發旅游觀(guan)光(guang)休(xiu)閑農(nong)業(ye)品牌(pai)(pai)，提高農(nong)業(ye)附加(jia)(jia)值。

4 參考文獻

[1] 潘啟城.田東縣現(xian)代農業(ye)(ye)發展存在的問題及對(dui)策[J].現(xian)代農業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技，2012（5）：379，384.

[2] 李麗平.康平縣現代農業發(fa)展(zhan)條件評價與(yu)對(dui)策(ce)研究[J].農業經濟(ji)，2012（7）：59-60.

篇7

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：高(gao)效設施農業(ye);城郊;發展(zhan)

近年來,連云(yun)港市(shi)新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)區把發(fa)展(zhan)高效設施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要載體和主要突破口(kou),緊緊抓住當前國(guo)家(jia)擴大(da)內需、沿海大(da)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)良好機(ji)遇(yu),加(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)結構(gou)調(diao)整(zheng),強勢推(tui)(tui)進(jin)高效設施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)步伐,使(shi)現(xian)代高效農(nong)(nong)業(ye)成為(wei)拉(la)動新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)區農(nong)(nong)業(ye)快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)動力,并取得了較好的(de)(de)(de)成績[1]。

1新(xin)浦(pu)區高效設施農業取得(de)的成績

(1)取得了(le)“三(san)個提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)”。一是(shi)高(gao)(gao)效農(nong)(nong)田(tian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)例(li)有(you)了(le)新(xin)的(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。全(quan)區產值4.5萬(wan)(wan)元/hm2以(yi)上的(de)中高(gao)(gao)效田(tian)塊達(da)(da)1.08萬(wan)(wan)hm2,占(zhan)(zhan)耕(geng)地面積的(de)54%;其(qi)中產值7.5萬(wan)(wan)元/hm2以(yi)上的(de)高(gao)(gao)效農(nong)(nong)田(tian)占(zhan)(zhan)15%;產值15萬(wan)(wan)元/hm2以(yi)上的(de)特高(gao)(gao)效農(nong)(nong)田(tian)占(zhan)(zhan)5.3%。二是(shi)設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)例(li)有(you)了(le)新(xin)的(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。全(quan)區設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)面積達(da)(da)1253.3hm2,占(zhan)(zhan)耕(geng)地面積的(de)6.3%。三(san)是(shi)規模養(yang)殖所(suo)(suo)(suo)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)例(li)有(you)了(le)新(xin)的(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。生豬飼養(yang)量(liang)達(da)(da)14萬(wan)(wan)頭,家禽飼養(yang)量(liang)350萬(wan)(wan)只,奶牛存欄580頭。畜(chu)禽規模養(yang)殖比(bi)重較2008年提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)7個百分點。

(2)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)“五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)突破(po)”。一是(shi)設施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設有(you)(you)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的突破(po)。全(quan)區建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)萬畝連片高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)(di)(di)1個(ge)(ge)(ge),千(qian)畝連片23個(ge)(ge)(ge)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)市級千(qian)畝連片設施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基地(di)(di)(di)5個(ge)(ge)(ge),草舍西紅柿、馨源花卉(hui)和(he)蔬(shu)(shu)菜、希(xi)望(wang)花卉(hui)、云(yun)(yun)盛(sheng)(sheng)出口(kou)蔬(shu)(shu)菜等高(gao)效設施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面積(ji)達680hm2,其中新(xin)(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)千(qian)畝以上日光溫室(shi)栽培生產基地(di)(di)(di)4個(ge)(ge)(ge),面積(ji)達600hm2,設施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)規(gui)模之大,速(su)度(du)之快,為歷年之最。二(er)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)有(you)(you)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的突破(po)。全(quan)區在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)22個(ge)(ge)(ge),項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)總投(tou)資6570萬元,已(yi)完成(cheng)投(tou)資5584萬元。西紅柿規(gui)模化種植基地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設、設施蔬(shu)(shu)菜基地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設、日光溫室(shi)鮮(xian)切花高(gao)效設施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范區建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設等項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)已(yi)全(quan)部建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)。三是(shi)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)效應有(you)(you)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的突破(po)。全(quan)區涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)商標(biao)(biao)達15個(ge)(ge)(ge),無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)33個(ge)(ge)(ge),綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)2個(ge)(ge)(ge),有(you)(you)機食(shi)品(pin)(pin)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)1.53萬hm2無公害生產基地(di)(di)(di),制定(ding)了(le)(le)25個(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)產品(pin)(pin)操作規(gui)程。“云(yun)(yun)盛(sheng)(sheng)”牌(pai)番茄獲江蘇名牌(pai)產品(pin)(pin)和(he)連云(yun)(yun)港市知名商標(biao)(biao)。四是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設有(you)(you)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的突破(po)。全(quan)區現(xian)有(you)(you)市級重點農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)9家。野仙云(yun)(yun)霧茶、馨源鮮(xian)切花、云(yun)(yun)盛(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)蔬(shu)(shu)等一批(pi)特(te)色(se)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)知名度(du)不斷提升(sheng)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)增農(nong)(nong)(nong)民專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)作社(she)47家,新(xin)(xin)(xin)成(cheng)立(li)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)股份合(he)作社(she)10家。五(wu)是(shi)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特(te)色(se)村(cun)(cun)、示范基地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設有(you)(you)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的突破(po)。全(quan)區已(yi)培育建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特(te)色(se)村(cun)(cun)12個(ge)(ge)(ge),示范基地(di)(di)(di)23個(ge)(ge)(ge)。鄉鎮都建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉服務中心(xin),新(xin)(xin)(xin)增土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉面積(ji)482hm2。

2存在的問題

一(yi)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)效農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模較小,農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)建設(she)(she)層次不高(gao)(gao)。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)水平(ping)有(you)待提高(gao)(gao),缺乏輻射帶動(dong)能力強的大(da)(da)型農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)。二是(shi)(shi)土地流(liu)轉步伐(fa)不快,土地流(liu)轉的過(guo)程中存在(zai)農(nong)民不愿(yuan)“流(liu)”、部(bu)分干(gan)部(bu)不敢“流(liu)”、發展(zhan)水平(ping)局(ju)限不易“流(liu)”等制約(yue)因素。三是(shi)(shi)優勢資源缺乏整合(he),品(pin)牌(pai)帶動(dong)效應微弱(ruo)。新浦區(qu)的農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)遠(yuan)沒有(you)東海大(da)(da)米(mi)、贛榆泥(ni)鰍那樣遠(yuan)近聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)。野(ye)仙云(yun)霧茶、草(cao)舍西紅柿等品(pin)牌(pai)僅在(zai)區(qu)內有(you)一(yi)定的知名(ming)(ming)度(du),品(pin)牌(pai)帶動(dong)效應微弱(ruo)。四是(shi)(shi)鄉(xiang)鎮之間在(zai)高(gao)(gao)效設(she)(she)施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)上還存在(zai)不平(ping)衡[2]。

3發展對策

(1)優化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)布局,建(jian)設三大(da)高效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)積極申報省(sheng)級(ji)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。浦(pu)南、崗埠片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以包青路(lu)為(wei)軸線(xian),規劃(hua)建(jian)設面積6666.7hm2,發展鮮切花(hua)(hua)、生(sheng)態(tai)富硒(xi)米、高效水(shui)產(chan)、設施(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)四(si)大(da)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan),形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)四(si)園(yuan)格(ge)局,2010年(nian)新發展鮮切花(hua)(hua)133.3hm2、設施(shi)西紅柿333.3hm2、生(sheng)態(tai)富硒(xi)米666.7hm2、高效水(shui)產(chan)養殖133.3hm2,確保(bao)成(cheng)為(wei)江蘇沿海(hai)開發后第一(yi)(yi)批省(sheng)級(ji)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。二是(shi)(shi)高標(biao)準建(jian)設省(sheng)級(ji)外(wai)向型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。以云臺片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已通過(guo)省(sheng)級(ji)驗(yan)收的花(hua)(hua)果山外(wai)向型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)為(wei)核心,建(jian)設4000hm2出(chu)(chu)口創匯農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),新增水(shui)生(sheng)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)266.7hm2、水(shui)生(sheng)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)66.7hm2,建(jian)設施(shi)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)66.7hm2,新擴洋蔥(cong)、甘藍等創匯蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)333.3hm2,建(jian)成(cheng)萬(wan)畝(mu)淺水(shui)藕(ou)基地、萬(wan)畝(mu)出(chu)(chu)口蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)基地,成(cheng)為(wei)全市最大(da)的省(sheng)級(ji)外(wai)向型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。三是(shi)(shi)積極創建(jian)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。充(chong)分利用云臺山山場資(zi)源,新建(jian)茶(cha)園(yuan)266.7hm2、新植(zhi)果園(yuan)266.7hm2,建(jian)成(cheng)萬(wan)畝(mu)云霧(wu)茶(cha)基地、萬(wan)畝(mu)鮮雜果基地,申報省(sheng)級(ji)森(sen)林公園(yuan),加快建(jian)設櫻桃谷采摘園(yuan)、花(hua)(hua)果山云霧(wu)茶(cha)文化(hua)園(yuan)、城隍廟(miao)生(sheng)態(tai)休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)。建(jian)立(li)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管理機構,成(cheng)立(li)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管委(wei)會(hui)和園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)投融資(zi)主體[3]。

(2)明確目(mu)(mu)標(biao)任務,實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)六項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。除(chu)了申報創建省級(ji)三(san)大(da)園(yuan)區(qu)以(yi)(yi)外(wai),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮新(xin)(xin)建一(yi)(yi)個(ge)66.7hm2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)高效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)村(cun)結(jie)合“一(yi)(yi)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)品”特(te)色村(cun)創建,新(xin)(xin)建或擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)建百畝(mu)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)園(yuan)或養(yang)(yang)殖小區(qu),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)村(cun)民(min)小組至少培育(yu)10戶種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)大(da)戶。二是(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)(de)方向,是(shi)(shi)現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)標(biao)志(zhi),也是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調整的(de)(de)重點(dian)(dian)。2010年(nian)要(yao)新(xin)(xin)增設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)666.7hm2,各(ge)類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政策性資(zi)金將重點(dian)(dian)扶持設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)蔬菜、工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠化(hua)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)等設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項目(mu)(mu)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)精品茶(cha)果工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。云霧(wu)茶(cha)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)266.7hm2,截至2012年(nian)全區(qu)云霧(wu)茶(cha)面積要(yao)達到1333.3hm2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。2010年(nian)沿(yan)山(shan)新(xin)(xin)建千畝(mu)連片的(de)(de)櫻(ying)桃、葡萄、冬(dong)棗等特(te)色鮮(xian)雜果園(yuan)2個(ge)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。打(da)造出(chu)深具影(ying)響力的(de)(de)采摘休閑園(yuan),推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)休閑旅游業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速發展。四是(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)卉苗(miao)(miao)木工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。迅速擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)大(da)鮮(xian)切(qie)花(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植規(gui)模(mo),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)增133.3hm2,到2012年(nian)鮮(xian)切(qie)花(hua)(hua)面積要(yao)達到1000hm2,加快花(hua)(hua)卉交易市(shi)場建設(she)(she),將新(xin)(xin)浦(pu)區(qu)建設(she)(she)成(cheng)為區(qu)域(yu)性鮮(xian)切(qie)花(hua)(hua)生產基地(di)(di)(di)和花(hua)(hua)卉物流集(ji)散(san)地(di)(di)(di)。為滿足(zu)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)綠化(hua)需(xu)要(yao),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)建苗(miao)(miao)圃133.3hm2。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)規(gui)模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)力發展規(gui)模(mo)畜禽(qin)養(yang)(yang)殖、規(gui)模(mo)水產養(yang)(yang)殖,保(bao)障城(cheng)市(shi)肉(rou)品的(de)(de)供給(gei)。生豬規(gui)模(mo)養(yang)(yang)殖15萬(wan)頭以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),家禽(qin)育(yu)雛飼養(yang)(yang)量1000萬(wan)羽以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),高效水產養(yang)(yang)殖發展到1333.3hm2。六是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)康居(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。高標(biao)準、高質量完成(cheng)3個(ge)市(shi)級(ji)康居(ju)示(shi)范(fan)村(cun)建設(she)(she)任務。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)重點(dian)(dian)建設(she)(she)5個(ge)康居(ju)示(shi)范(fan)村(cun),將新(xin)(xin)村(cun)莊建設(she)(she)與(yu)村(cun)莊土地(di)(di)(di)復(fu)墾、萬(wan)頃(qing)良田建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)結(jie)合,盤活土地(di)(di)(di)存量,發展高效設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)二、三(san)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)[4]。

(3)改善(shan)發展環境(jing),健(jian)全三(san)大農(nong)(nong)業(ye)服(fu)務(wu)體系(xi)。一是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)推廣體系(xi)。建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指導直接(jie)到(dao)戶、科(ke)(ke)普宣傳直接(jie)到(dao)田、科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)務(wu)直接(jie)到(dao)人(ren)的農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)務(wu)網。加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)才的引進(jin)與培養(yang),每(mei)個村至(zhi)少有(you)(you)1名農(nong)(nong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)員。加快引進(jin)一批新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、新模式。二是(shi)(shi)健(jian)全土地(di)(di)流轉服(fu)務(wu)體系(xi)。完善(shan)鄉(xiang)鎮土地(di)(di)流轉服(fu)務(wu)中心,積極引導農(nong)(nong)民流轉土地(di)(di),推進(jin)土地(di)(di)向種(zhong)植大戶、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)龍頭企業(ye)法人(ren)集中,實現集約(yue)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)。每(mei)年流轉土地(di)(di)面積666.7hm2。三(san)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)標準化(hua)體系(xi)。加強(qiang)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)基地(di)(di)建(jian)設和(he)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、有(you)(you)機食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng),制(zhi)定新浦(pu)區優勢(shi)特色農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)原產(chan)地(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的地(di)(di)方標準。新創無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)10個、綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)3個。

4參考文獻

[1]黃真國,黃秀(xiu)敏.對發展現代設施農業的思考[J].河南(nan)農業科學(xue),1999(7):16-17.

[2]何潔,張(zhang)和廣.固(gu)原市設施(shi)農(nong)業發展現狀及對策(ce)[J].內(nei)蒙古農(nong)業科技,2009(1):17-18.

篇8

關鍵詞：

技術推廣；問題；對(dui)策

1 農(nong)業(ye)技術推廣過程(cheng)中存在的主要問題

1.1 技(ji)(ji)術推廣(guang)(guang)體系諸(zhu)多不(bu)適，成果轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)能力不(bu)強。技(ji)(ji)術推廣(guang)(guang)體系轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軌(gui)滯后，技(ji)(ji)術人員結(jie)構不(bu)合理，年齡偏(pian)大，知識老(lao)化(hua)(hua)。農(nong)技(ji)(ji)推廣(guang)(guang)部(bu)門職責不(bu)清，考核(he)機(ji)(ji)制不(bu)健全，缺(que)乏激勵(li)機(ji)(ji)制，干(gan)勁不(bu)足，單位農(nong)業工作年度目標(biao)綜合考核(he)中涉及(ji)農(nong)業科技(ji)(ji)推廣(guang)(guang)的指(zhi)標(biao)少，缺(que)少評(ping)價和(he)激勵(li)機(ji)(ji)制，嚴重(zhong)挫傷了農(nong)技(ji)(ji)人員的工作積極性和(he)主動性。種植戶整(zheng)體素質不(bu)高是制約現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業發展的智力因素。

1.2 創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)主(zhu)體創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)動(dong)力不(bu)足，自主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力不(bu)強。作為創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)主(zhu)體的(de)事業性科(ke)(ke)研及推廣機構實驗設備(bei)落后，科(ke)(ke)技人員(yuan)待遇(yu)低(di)，外(wai)部(bu)評價與(yu)內部(bu)考(kao)核制度尚不(bu)完善(shan)，缺乏創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)理念(nian)，在市場經濟條件(jian)下的(de)發展基礎尚未充分建立，創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)動(dong)力不(bu)足。專業合作組(zu)織、農業企業的(de)自主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)仍處于起步(bu)發展階段，缺乏自覺的(de)科(ke)(ke)技研發行為，自主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力尤其不(bu)足。

1.3 農業科(ke)技(ji)(ji)領(ling)軍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物不(bu)(bu)多，科(ke)技(ji)(ji)引領(ling)作用(yong)不(bu)(bu)強。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)資源(yuan)相對不(bu)(bu)足，結構不(bu)(bu)盡合理，高級復合型人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)、高層次人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)少，尤其是能引領(ling)農業發展(zhan)的科(ke)技(ji)(ji)和管理人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)缺乏；生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、信息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、農產(chan)品(pin)精(jing)深加工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等現代(dai)農業學科(ke)領(ling)域人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)稀缺。一些單(dan)位近10年來沒有新進農技(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員。當前，種植戶的文化素質(zhi)與發展(zhan)現代(dai)農業的需求不(bu)(bu)適應，環境(jing)保護意識、標(biao)準(zhun)化、規范化生(sheng)產(chan)意識不(bu)(bu)強，科(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果應用(yong)推廣的難度大。

1.4 農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技投(tou)入(ru)相對(dui)不(bu)足，主體投(tou)入(ru)意識(shi)不(bu)強(qiang)。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技投(tou)入(ru)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)近年(nian)雖有所(suo)增加，但還是(shi)存在(zai)總額偏(pian)小(xiao)(xiao)、配套政策較(jiao)難(nan)(nan)落實等(deng)問題。政府資(zi)(zi)金(jin)投(tou)入(ru)偏(pian)少的狀況仍(reng)然存在(zai)，部分基層(ceng)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)單位由于缺乏(fa)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)經(jing)(jing)費，無法正常開展(zhan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務工作(zuo)。另(ling)一方面，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)普遍存在(zai)自主科技投(tou)入(ru)的意識(shi)仍(reng)然不(bu)強(qiang)，科技投(tou)入(ru)停留在(zai)靠(kao)爭取政府支撐上。地方政府對(dui)基礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she)滯后(hou)是(shi)制約農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化發展(zhan)的重(zhong)要“瓶頸(jing)”。歷(li)年(nian)遭受的洪水、病蟲(chong)等(deng)自然災害襲擊，均使農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟遭受不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)的損失(shi)。不(bu)難(nan)(nan)看(kan)出，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she)跟不(bu)上，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產抵御旱澇(lao)自然風險能力低(di)的狀況并未(wei)從根本上改變。

2 相關對策

2.1 增加資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)投入。基于新的(de)(de)(de)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)廣(guang)需(xu)要大量的(de)(de)(de)實驗經(jing)費和(he)人(ren)員經(jing)費，因此，若想(xiang)更(geng)好地開展農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣(guang)工作(zuo)(zuo)，政(zheng)府就(jiu)需(xu)要增加在農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方面的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)投入。雖然目前(qian)一些(xie)與農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣(guang)工作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)也有(you)所(suo)參與，但從(cong)本質上(shang)來(lai)說，農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣(guang)工作(zuo)(zuo)還是具(ju)有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)益性，所(suo)以主要還是靠政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)(zi)。投入的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)可以對(dui)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)廣(guang)工作(zuo)(zuo)條件和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)待(dai)遇進行有(you)效改善(shan)，使(shi)推(tui)廣(guang)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)積極性被充分(fen)調動(dong)起來(lai)，促進農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)推(tui)廣(guang)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利(li)進行。

2.2 建立健全農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體制(zhi)(zhi)。首(shou)先(xian)，在制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)上，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)展開需(xu)要制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)作為(wei)保障。一方(fang)面，要建立崗(gang)位責(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)，這可(ke)以(yi)避免各地方(fang)政府(fu)挪用農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)人員，保證(zheng)在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)工(gong)(gong)作中，人員可(ke)以(yi)到(dao)(dao)位；另一方(fang)面，建立激勵制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和(he)考核制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，激發(fa)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)人員的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作熱情(qing)，提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)效率和(he)質量。其次(ci)，在體系上，要轉變之前單一的(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)模式(shi)，按照農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)實(shi)際需(xu)求(qiu)對新的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)品種(zhong)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進行推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)，建立主導為(wei)政府(fu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)隊伍(wu)、參與者為(wei)涉農(nong)(nong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)民(min)組織、無償(chang)服務結合(he)有償(chang)服務的(de)(de)具(ju)有多元化特點的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)體制(zhi)(zhi)，在體制(zhi)(zhi)保障下真正把農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)工(gong)(gong)作落實(shi)到(dao)(dao)位。

篇9

關鍵詞：高(gao)效設施農(nong)業;城郊;發展

近年(nian)來(lai),連(lian)云(yun)港市新(xin)浦區(qu)把發展高效設施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為推進(jin)現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的重要(yao)載體和主要(yao)突破口,緊緊抓住當前(qian)國家擴大(da)內需(xu)、沿海大(da)開發的良好機遇,加快(kuai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構調整,強勢(shi)推進(jin)高效設施農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建設的步(bu)伐,使現代(dai)高效農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)成為拉動新(xin)浦區(qu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)快(kuai)速增長的新(xin)動力,并取得了較好的成績(ji)[1]。

1新浦區高(gao)效設(she)施農業取得(de)的成績(ji)

(1)取(qu)得了“三(san)個提(ti)高(gao)(gao)”。一(yi)是高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)農(nong)田(tian)(tian)所占(zhan)比例(li)(li)有了新的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。全區產(chan)值(zhi)4.5萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)/hm2以上(shang)(shang)的(de)中高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)田(tian)(tian)塊達(da)1.08萬(wan)hm2,占(zhan)耕(geng)地面(mian)積的(de)54%;其中產(chan)值(zhi)7.5萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)/hm2以上(shang)(shang)的(de)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)農(nong)田(tian)(tian)占(zhan)15%;產(chan)值(zhi)15萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)/hm2以上(shang)(shang)的(de)特高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)農(nong)田(tian)(tian)占(zhan)5.3%。二是設施農(nong)業所占(zhan)比例(li)(li)有了新的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。全區設施農(nong)業面(mian)積達(da)1 253.3hm2,占(zhan)耕(geng)地面(mian)積的(de)6.3%。三(san)是規(gui)模(mo)(mo)養(yang)殖(zhi)所占(zhan)比例(li)(li)有了新的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)。生豬飼(si)養(yang)量達(da)14萬(wan)頭(tou),家禽飼(si)養(yang)量350萬(wan)只(zhi),奶(nai)牛存欄580頭(tou)。畜禽規(gui)模(mo)(mo)養(yang)殖(zhi)比重較2008年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)7個百分點。

(2)實現了(le)(le)(le)“五個(ge)(ge)突破(po)(po)”。一(yi)是(shi)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)規(gui)模化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的突破(po)(po)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)萬畝(mu)(mu)連(lian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)1個(ge)(ge),千(qian)畝(mu)(mu)連(lian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)23個(ge)(ge)。新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)市(shi)級千(qian)畝(mu)(mu)連(lian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)5個(ge)(ge),草舍西紅柿(shi)、馨源(yuan)花(hua)卉和蔬(shu)菜(cai)、希望花(hua)卉、云(yun)(yun)盛出口蔬(shu)菜(cai)等高(gao)效設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)面積達(da)680hm2,其中(zhong)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)千(qian)畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上日(ri)(ri)光溫室(shi)栽(zai)培生產基(ji)地(di)4個(ge)(ge),面積達(da)600hm2,設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展規(gui)模之大,速度之快,為歷年之最。二是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)項(xiang)目有(you)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的突破(po)(po)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)在建(jian)(jian)(jian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)項(xiang)目22個(ge)(ge),項(xiang)目總(zong)投資6 570萬元(yuan),已(yi)完成(cheng)投資5 584萬元(yuan)。西紅柿(shi)規(gui)模化種植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)基(ji)地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、日(ri)(ri)光溫室(shi)鮮(xian)切花(hua)高(gao)效設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)等項(xiang)目已(yi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)。三是(shi)品(pin)牌效應有(you)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的突破(po)(po)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)商標達(da)15個(ge)(ge),無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)33個(ge)(ge),綠色(se)(se)(se)食品(pin)2個(ge)(ge),有(you)機(ji)食品(pin)1個(ge)(ge)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)1.53萬hm2無(wu)公(gong)害生產基(ji)地(di),制定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)25個(ge)(ge)地(di)方標準和產品(pin)操作(zuo)(zuo)規(gui)程。“云(yun)(yun)盛”牌番(fan)茄獲(huo)江蘇名牌產品(pin)和連(lian)云(yun)(yun)港市(shi)知(zhi)名商標。四是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的突破(po)(po)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)現有(you)市(shi)級重點(dian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)龍頭企業(ye)9家。野仙云(yun)(yun)霧茶(cha)、馨源(yuan)鮮(xian)切花(hua)、云(yun)(yun)盛果蔬(shu)等一(yi)批特(te)色(se)(se)(se)品(pin)牌知(zhi)名度不斷提升。新(xin)(xin)增農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民專業(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)社47家,新(xin)(xin)成(cheng)立土地(di)股份合作(zuo)(zuo)社10家。五是(shi)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)特(te)色(se)(se)(se)村、示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的突破(po)(po)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)已(yi)培育建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)特(te)色(se)(se)(se)村12個(ge)(ge),示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)地(di)23個(ge)(ge)。鄉鎮都建(jian)(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)土地(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)服務中(zhong)心,新(xin)(xin)增土地(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)面積482hm2。

2存在的問題

一是(shi)高(gao)效(xiao)農(nong)業規模較小,農(nong)業園(yuan)區建(jian)設層次不高(gao)。農(nong)業產業化水平(ping)有(you)待提(ti)高(gao),缺乏輻射帶(dai)(dai)動能(neng)力強的(de)大型農(nong)業龍頭企業。二是(shi)土(tu)地流轉(zhuan)步伐(fa)不快,土(tu)地流轉(zhuan)的(de)過程中存在(zai)農(nong)民不愿“流”、部(bu)分干部(bu)不敢“流”、發(fa)展水平(ping)局限(xian)不易“流”等制約因(yin)素。三是(shi)優(you)勢資源缺乏整合,品(pin)牌帶(dai)(dai)動效(xiao)應微(wei)弱(ruo)。新浦區的(de)農(nong)產品(pin)遠沒有(you)東(dong)海大米、贛榆泥鰍那樣(yang)遠近聞名。野仙云霧茶、草舍西紅(hong)柿等品(pin)牌僅在(zai)區內(nei)有(you)一定的(de)知名度,品(pin)牌帶(dai)(dai)動效(xiao)應微(wei)弱(ruo)。四(si)是(shi)鄉(xiang)鎮之間(jian)在(zai)高(gao)效(xiao)設施農(nong)業發(fa)展上還(huan)存在(zai)不平(ping)衡[2]。

3發展對策

(1)優化產業(ye)(ye)(ye)布(bu)局,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)三大(da)(da)高(gao)效(xiao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。一是積(ji)極(ji)申報省(sheng)級現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。浦(pu)南、崗埠片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以包青路為(wei)(wei)(wei)軸(zhou)線,規劃建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)面積(ji)6 666.7hm2,發展(zhan)鮮切花、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)富硒(xi)米(mi)、高(gao)效(xiao)水產、設(she)(she)(she)(she)施蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)四大(da)(da)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan),形成(cheng)一區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)四園(yuan)格局,2010年新發展(zhan)鮮切花133.3hm2、設(she)(she)(she)(she)施西紅柿333.3hm2、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)富硒(xi)米(mi)666.7 hm2、高(gao)效(xiao)水產養殖133.3hm2,確(que)保成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)江蘇沿(yan)海開發后第一批省(sheng)級現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。二(er)是高(gao)標(biao)準建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)省(sheng)級外向型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范(fan)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。以云臺片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已通(tong)過省(sheng)級驗收的花果山(shan)外向型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin),建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)4 000hm2出(chu)(chu)口創匯農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),新增(zeng)水生(sheng)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)266.7hm2、水生(sheng)花卉(hui)66.7hm2,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)66.7hm2,新擴洋蔥、甘藍(lan)等創匯蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)333.3hm2,建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)萬(wan)(wan)畝淺水藕基(ji)地(di)、萬(wan)(wan)畝出(chu)(chu)口蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)基(ji)地(di),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全市最(zui)大(da)(da)的省(sheng)級外向型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范(fan)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。三是積(ji)極(ji)創建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)級農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。充分利用云臺山(shan)山(shan)場資源,新建(jian)(jian)茶園(yuan)266.7hm2、新植果園(yuan)266.7hm2,建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)萬(wan)(wan)畝云霧茶基(ji)地(di)、萬(wan)(wan)畝鮮雜(za)果基(ji)地(di),申報省(sheng)級森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan),加(jia)快建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)櫻(ying)桃谷采摘園(yuan)、花果山(shan)云霧茶文(wen)化園(yuan)、城(cheng)隍廟生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)休閑農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)。建(jian)(jian)立園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理機構,成(cheng)立園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)委會和園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)投融資主體[3]。

(2)明確目標任務(wu),實施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)六項工程。一(yi)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)工程。除(chu)了申報創(chuang)建省級三(san)大園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)外,每(mei)個(ge)鄉鎮新(xin)(xin)(xin)建一(yi)個(ge)66.7hm2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)高(gao)效農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),每(mei)個(ge)村(cun)結合(he)“一(yi)村(cun)一(yi)品(pin)”特(te)色(se)村(cun)創(chuang)建,新(xin)(xin)(xin)建或擴建百畝以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)特(te)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或養(yang)殖(zhi)小區(qu)(qu),每(mei)個(ge)村(cun)民小組(zu)至少培育10戶種養(yang)大戶。二(er)是(shi)設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工程。設(she)(she)施(shi)化是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)方向,是(shi)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)標志,也是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)調整的(de)重點。2010年(nian)要(yao)(yao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)666.7hm2,各類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政策性資金將重點扶(fu)持設(she)(she)施(shi)蔬菜、工廠化育苗(miao)等設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項目。三(san)是(shi)精品(pin)茶果(guo)工程。云霧茶每(mei)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)擴266.7hm2,截至2012年(nian)全區(qu)(qu)云霧茶面積要(yao)(yao)達(da)(da)到1 333.3hm2以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。2010年(nian)沿山新(xin)(xin)(xin)建千(qian)畝連片的(de)櫻(ying)桃、葡萄、冬棗等特(te)色(se)鮮雜果(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)2個(ge)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。打造出深(shen)具影響力(li)的(de)采摘休閑(xian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)休閑(xian)旅游(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)。四是(shi)花(hua)卉苗(miao)木工程。迅速(su)擴大鮮切花(hua)種植規模(mo)(mo),每(mei)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)133.3 hm2,到2012年(nian)鮮切花(hua)面積要(yao)(yao)達(da)(da)到1 000 hm2,加快花(hua)卉交易市(shi)(shi)(shi)場建設(she)(she),將新(xin)(xin)(xin)浦區(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)成(cheng)為區(qu)(qu)域性鮮切花(hua)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)和花(hua)卉物流集散地(di)(di)。為滿足城鄉綠化需要(yao)(yao),每(mei)年(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)建苗(miao)圃133.3 hm2。五是(shi)規模(mo)(mo)養(yang)殖(zhi)工程。大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)規模(mo)(mo)畜禽養(yang)殖(zhi)、規模(mo)(mo)水產(chan)養(yang)殖(zhi),保(bao)障(zhang)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)肉品(pin)的(de)供給。生豬規模(mo)(mo)養(yang)殖(zhi)15萬(wan)頭以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),家禽育雛飼(si)養(yang)量(liang)1 000萬(wan)羽以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),高(gao)效水產(chan)養(yang)殖(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)到1 333.3 hm2。六是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民康居工程。高(gao)標準、高(gao)質量(liang)完成(cheng)3個(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)級康居示范村(cun)建設(she)(she)任務(wu)。每(mei)年(nian)重點建設(she)(she)5個(ge)康居示范村(cun),將新(xin)(xin)(xin)村(cun)莊建設(she)(she)與村(cun)莊土地(di)(di)復墾、萬(wan)頃良(liang)田(tian)建設(she)(she)工程相結合(he),盤活(huo)土地(di)(di)存量(liang),發(fa)展(zhan)高(gao)效設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)二(er)、三(san)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)[4]。

(3)改善(shan)發展環境(jing),健全三(san)(san)大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務體(ti)系(xi)。一(yi)是建(jian)立完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技推廣體(ti)系(xi)。建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技指導直(zhi)接到(dao)戶、科普宣傳直(zhi)接到(dao)田、科技服(fu)(fu)(fu)務直(zhi)接到(dao)人的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技服(fu)(fu)(fu)務網。加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技人才的(de)引(yin)進(jin)與培養,每個(ge)村至少有1名農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技員。加快引(yin)進(jin)一(yi)批(pi)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、新技術、新模式。二是健全土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務體(ti)系(xi)。完(wan)善(shan)鄉鎮土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務中心,積(ji)極引(yin)導農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),推進(jin)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)向(xiang)種(zhong)植大(da)戶、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)法(fa)人集中,實現集約化(hua)(hua)生產。每年流(liu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)666.7hm2。三(san)(san)是建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)體(ti)系(xi)。加強無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設和無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)、綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)、有機食(shi)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證,制(zhi)定新浦區(qu)優勢特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)和原產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方標準(zhun)。新創無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)10個(ge)、綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)3個(ge)。

4參考文獻

[1] 黃真(zhen)國,黃秀敏.對發(fa)展現代設施(shi)農(nong)業的思考[J].河南農(nong)業科學,1999(7):16-17.

篇10

>> 陜南農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)狀況(kuang)調查分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 彭水縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)對(dui)策研(yan)究(jiu) 鹽城市農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)狀況(kuang)分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 廣東跨境電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)狀況(kuang)及問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 跨境電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)流狀況(kuang)分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)思路(lu)分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)路(lu)徑分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)策略分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)存在問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)及建議(yi)分析(xi)(xi)(xi) 晉中市平遙縣(xian)(xian)梁(liang)村(cun)(cun)(cun) 當前勃利(li)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現狀、問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)及對(dui)策 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti) 株洲(zhou)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu) 韶關農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu) 孟州(zhou)市農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)調查 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)策略芻議(yi) 大理(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)初探(tan) 常見問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)解(jie)答(da) 當前所在位置：.

[2]羅子軒，劉濤，周鋒.農(nong)村電子商(shang)務發展現狀及(ji)對(dui)策研究――以浙(zhe)江省青田縣(xian)為例[J].學理論，2016（2）：106.

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