導語：生態經濟帶(dai)工業水資源利用效率一文(wen)來(lai)源于網友上傳，不(bu)代表本站(zhan)觀點(dian)，若需要原創(chuang)文(wen)章可咨詢客(ke)服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：本文運用結合ＤＥＡ技術的Ｍａｌｍｑｕｉｓｔ指數法，計算２０１０—２０１８年漢江生態經濟帶沿線１７個城市工業水資源利用效率，并(bing)且將其(qi)分(fen)解為技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)兩部分(fen)，探討了(le)各市工(gong)業水資源利(li)用效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)差異的原因，反映(ying)了(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進(jin)步(bu)對(dui)工(gong)業水資源利(li)用效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)的貢獻。最后，為進(jin)一步(bu)提高漢江生態經(jing)濟帶工(gong)業水資源利(li)用效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)，提出(chu)對(dui)策建(jian)議(yi)。

關鍵詞：漢江生態經濟(ji)帶；Ｍａｌｍｑｕｉｓｔ指數；工業水資源利用(yong)效率

１研究背景

近年來，隨著(zhu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)加(jia)快，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)需求也(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)增加(jia)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)伴隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理和排(pai)放(fang)。在對(dui)(dui)(dui)有限水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求持(chi)續擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)對(dui)(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境造成巨大(da)壓力，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)當將(jiang)會導致水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)枯竭以及(ji)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境惡化(hua)等一系列問(wen)題，對(dui)(dui)(dui)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統形(xing)成沖(chong)擊。解(jie)決(jue)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)危(wei)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思路之一就是通過(guo)提高(gao)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行重(zhong)復利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，降低不(bu)(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)，從(cong)而(er)減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費。漢(han)(han)江(jiang)是長(chang)江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)支流(liu)，漢(han)(han)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)自然資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富、經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)雄厚、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條件(jian)優越，是我國重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)糧食主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)和重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能區(qu)，依此實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展規劃》也(ye)成為(wei)一項重(zhong)大(da)區(qu)域(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展戰(zhan)略(lve)。漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)好，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)平較高(gao)，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展目標下(xia)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)成為(wei)一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)研(yan)究問(wen)題，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)將(jiang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)，同(tong)時(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)排(pai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理，也(ye)將(jiang)減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，因此對(dui)(dui)(dui)漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)研(yan)究具有重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)意義(yi)。漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)沿線(xian)(xian)１７個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，涉(she)及(ji)湖北、河南、陜西(xi)三個(ge)省份。規劃區(qu)域(yu)包含了(le)南水(shui)(shui)北調中線(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)。從(cong)丹(dan)江(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)區(qu)調水(shui)(shui)，為(wei)沿線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十幾座大(da)中城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸水(shui)(shui)，漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)沿線(xian)(xian)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)質量(liang)(liang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)巨大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)。提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，減(jian)少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)排(pai)放(fang)，加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理達標排(pai)放(fang)，直(zhi)接決(jue)定著(zhu)“一江(jiang)清水(shui)(shui)持(chi)續北送”重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)任務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)成。本文(wen)將(jiang)漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)沿線(xian)(xian)各城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)本、勞動力、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)作為(wei)投入變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)，各市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)ＧＤＰ、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)排(pai)放(fang)量(liang)(liang)作為(wei)產(chan)(chan)出變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)，結合ＤＥＡ技(ji)術(shu)，運用(yong)(yong)(yong)Ｍａｌｍｑｕｉｓｔ指數法，分析(xi)漢(han)(han)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)沿線(xian)(xian)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。

２研究設計

２．１研究方法

假(jia)設某一地區(qu)在工業(ye)中以(yi)傳(chuan)統的(de)三個(ge)(ge)投(tou)入要素(su)———資(zi)本、勞(lao)動力(li)(li)和工業(ye)用水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)，形(xing)成兩(liang)種產(chan)(chan)(chan)出即工業(ye)ＧＤＰ（期(qi)望(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出）和工業(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)排放(fang)量(liang)(liang)（非(fei)期(qi)望(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出），與ＤＥＡ技(ji)術(shu)(shu)結合，將期(qi)望(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出和非(fei)期(qi)望(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出結合在一起，形(xing)成工業(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)研究方法，用于漢江生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經濟帶沿線(xian)(xian)城(cheng)市(shi)工業(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)實(shi)證研究。本文選取２０１０—２０１８年漢江生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經濟帶沿線(xian)(xian)１７個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)經濟統計數(shu)據，即資(zi)本、勞(lao)動力(li)(li)、水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)投(tou)入變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)，ＧＤＰ為(wei)(wei)(wei)期(qi)望(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)，廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)排放(fang)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)非(fei)期(qi)望(wang)(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)。Ｍａｌｍｑｕｉｓｔ指數(shu)方法用于測算漢江生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經濟帶工業(ye)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)的(de)動態(tai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。Ｍａｌｍｑｕｉｓｔ全(quan)要素(su)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)指數(shu)（ＴＦＰＣＨ）是(shi)指生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)活動從ｔ到ｔ＋１時期(qi)，總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)與全(quan)部(bu)要素(su)投(tou)入量(liang)(liang)之比，一般含義為(wei)(wei)(wei)資(zi)源（包括(kuo)人力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)、財力(li)(li)）開發利(li)用的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)，反(fan)(fan)映整體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)指數(shu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)情況。ＴＦＰＣＨ可(ke)表(biao)示(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)：ＴＦＰＣＨ＝ＴＥＣＨＣＨ?ＥＦＦＣＨ＝ＴＥＣＨＣＨ?ＰＥＣＨ?ＳＥＣＨ。技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指數(shu)（ＴＥＣＨＣＨ）是(shi)指技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步對(dui)經濟增長(chang)的(de)貢(gong)獻份額，它(ta)是(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)區(qu)域(yu)科技(ji)競爭實(shi)力(li)(li)和科技(ji)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)現(xian)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)的(de)綜合性指標(biao)；技(ji)術(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)指數(shu)（ＥＦＦＣＨ）測算的(de)是(shi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)動情況。同時，ＥＦＦＣＨ可(ke)分解為(wei)(wei)(wei)純技(ji)術(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指數(shu)（ＰＥＣＨ）與規(gui)模(mo)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指數(shu)（ＳＥＣＨ），純技(ji)術(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指數(shu)（ＰＥＣＨ）反(fan)(fan)映制度(du)和管理水(shui)(shui)平因素(su)對(dui)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)水(shui)(shui)平的(de)影響變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，ＰＥＣＨ＞１時，表(biao)示(shi)制度(du)和管理水(shui)(shui)平使得效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)提高；規(gui)模(mo)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)指數(shu)（ＳＥＣＨ）反(fan)(fan)映規(gui)模(mo)因素(su)對(dui)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)水(shui)(shui)平的(de)影響變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，ＳＥＣＨ＞１時，表(biao)示(shi)企業(ye)規(gui)模(mo)使得效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)提高。

２．２數據來源

基于數據(ju)科學(xue)性(xing)和研(yan)究需要，選取(qu)２０１０—２０１８年(nian)(nian)漢江生態(tai)經(jing)濟帶沿線(xian)１７個城市(shi)經(jing)濟統(tong)計(ji)數據(ju)，來自《新中國(guo)六十年(nian)(nian)統(tong)計(ji)資料(liao)匯編(bian)》、歷年(nian)(nian)《中國(guo)統(tong)計(ji)年(nian)(nian)鑒(jian)》、各市(shi)《水資源公報(bao)》和《中國(guo)城市(shi)統(tong)計(ji)年(nian)(nian)鑒(jian)》。數據(ju)描述性(xing)統(tong)計(ji)如表１所(suo)示。

３實證分析

計算２０１０—２０１８年漢江生態經(jing)濟(ji)帶(dai)各(ge)市工(gong)業水(shui)資源(yuan)利(li)(li)用的全要(yao)素生產率(lv)指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)（ＴＦＰＣＨ）、技(ji)(ji)術進(jin)步變(bian)化指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)（ＴＥＣＨＣＨ）、純(chun)技(ji)(ji)術效率(lv)變(bian)化指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)（ＰＥＣＨ）與規模效率(lv)變(bian)化指(zhi)數(shu)(shu)（ＳＥＣＨ），反映(ying)漢江生態經(jing)濟(ji)帶(dai)工(gong)業水(shui)資源(yuan)利(li)(li)用效率(lv)，以(yi)及技(ji)(ji)術進(jin)步對效率(lv)的貢獻。

３．１各(ge)指(zhi)數(shu)計算結果

（限(xian)于(yu)篇幅，僅列出ＴＦＰＣＨ指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)計算結果(guo)，其他(ta)分解指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)計算結果(guo)未在(zai)(zai)文中列出，讀者(zhe)如有(you)需要(yao)，可(ke)聯系作者(zhe)）分析通過各(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間對比(bi)，可(ke)以(yi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，漢江(jiang)生(sheng)態經濟帶沿線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)堰(yan)(yan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、商洛市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、孝感(gan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、安康市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、武漢市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、潛江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、神農架林區(qu)、荊(jing)(jing)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)８個城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全要(yao)素生(sheng)產率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)(zong)體呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)(xian)下降趨勢(shi)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)這(zhe)(zhe)些城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)２０１０—２０１８年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)體利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)逐(zhu)漸降低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而三門(men)峽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和十(shi)堰(yan)(yan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)２０１０—２０１８年(nian)全要(yao)素生(sheng)產率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)（ＴＦＰＣＨ）均大(da)于(yu)１，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)三門(men)峽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和十(shi)堰(yan)(yan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)綜(zong)合效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)水(shui)平提高(gao)，盡管存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)平波動，但工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一直(zhi)是(shi)提高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。導致各(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)差(cha)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因也存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，其中，三門(men)峽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)由(you)于(yu)實(shi)(shi)施了(le)三門(men)峽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)地(di)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)總(zong)(zong)體規(gui)劃(hua)（２０１０—２０２０），規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施對促進三門(men)峽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟社會發(fa)展和生(sheng)態建設(she)起到了(le)十(shi)分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。十(shi)堰(yan)(yan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)丹(dan)江(jiang)口水(shui)庫大(da)壩工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地(di)，南水(shui)北調(diao)中線工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)，伴隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)一些工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搬遷，導致工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)減少，兩者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)共同(tong)(tong)促進了(le)工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。荊(jing)(jing)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)２０１０—２０１８年(nian)全要(yao)素生(sheng)產率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)皆低(di)(di)于(yu)１，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)荊(jing)(jing)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)還(huan)不(bu)夠(gou)理(li)想，處(chu)于(yu)較(jiao)低(di)(di)水(shui)平，仍存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)大(da)提升空間，出現(xian)(xian)(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)種情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因可(ke)能是(shi)荊(jing)(jing)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漁業(ye)養殖和投肥造成水(shui)體污(wu)染(ran)，一般工(gong)業(ye)廢水(shui)綜(zong)合利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)與農業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)處(chu)置程(cheng)(cheng)度偏低(di)(di)，水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)處(chu)置能力(li)偏小等(deng)。從整體上(shang)看，漢江(jiang)生(sheng)態經濟帶沿線１７個城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純技(ji)術(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)變化指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)（ＰＥＣＨ）絕大(da)多數(shu)(shu)(shu)都低(di)(di)于(yu)１，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)由(you)目(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度和管理(li)水(shui)平所(suo)限(xian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種情況下，天(tian)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)為(wei)特殊，２０１０—２０１８年(nian)純技(ji)術(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)變化指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)均為(wei)１，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)天(tian)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度和管理(li)水(shui)平使得效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)保(bao)持穩定(ding)(ding)不(bu)變。三門(men)峽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、仙(xian)(xian)桃(tao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、商洛市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、天(tian)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、襄(xiang)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、隨(sui)(sui)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、駐馬店市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)７個城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)２０１６—２０１７年(nian)間技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)最(zui)大(da)值(zhi)，這(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一年(nian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進步對城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻達(da)到最(zui)大(da)值(zhi)，其中，最(zui)為(wei)突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)仙(xian)(xian)桃(tao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，主要(yao)原(yuan)因在(zai)(zai)于(yu)重大(da)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)施為(wei)仙(xian)(xian)桃(tao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)、產品結構調(diao)整、產業(ye)做(zuo)強做(zuo)大(da)提供了(le)有(you)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科技(ji)支撐。

３．２各指(zhi)數(shu)變(bian)化(hua)趨勢分析

從上(shang)圖(tu)可以看出(chu)(chu)，漢江(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)態經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)帶２０１１—２０１８年(nian)(nian)全要素生(sheng)產率指數(shu)(shu)（ＴＦＰＣＨ）值(zhi)，總(zong)體(ti)呈緩慢下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)趨(qu)勢(shi)，說明漢江(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)帶沿線(xian)城市２０１０—２０１８年(nian)(nian)整(zheng)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)利(li)用率是(shi)逐(zhu)漸降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)，但在(zai)２０１０—２０１７年(nian)(nian)均在(zai)１上(shang)下，只(zhi)有(you)在(zai)２０１８年(nian)(nian)偏低(di)，屬(shu)于(yu)正(zheng)常(chang)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，２０１１—２０１６年(nian)(nian)和２０１７—２０１８年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，反(fan)映出(chu)(chu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術進步(bu)對工業(ye)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)利(li)用效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)貢獻呈現(xian)(xian)(xian)下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)趨(qu)勢(shi)，而(er)且２０１１—２０１５年(nian)(nian)純技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術效(xiao)率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指數(shu)(shu)（ＰＥＣＨ）與(yu)規模(mo)效(xiao)率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指數(shu)(shu)（ＳＥＣＨ）小(xiao)于(yu)１，說明這一時期的(de)(de)(de)制度(du)和管理(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)及企業(ye)規模(mo)因(yin)素對效(xiao)率水(shui)(shui)平(ping)并(bing)沒有(you)產生(sheng)正(zheng)向影響(xiang)。２０１６—２０１８年(nian)(nian)間，各(ge)指數(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)波動，具體(ti)地(di)，２０１６年(nian)(nian)純技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術效(xiao)率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指數(shu)(shu)（ＰＥＣＨ）與(yu)規模(mo)效(xiao)率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指數(shu)(shu)（ＳＥＣＨ）大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)上(shang)升，但由于(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術進步(bu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指數(shu)(shu)（ＴＥＣＨＣＨ）下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，所以ＰＥＣＨ和ＳＥＣＨ在(zai)２０１７年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)回落，之后(hou)，隨著(zhu)ＴＥＣＨＣＨ大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)提升，ＰＥＣＨ和ＳＥＣＨ在(zai)２０１８年(nian)(nian)又大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)上(shang)升，上(shang)述變(bian)化(hua)(hua)反(fan)映出(chu)(chu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術進步(bu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指數(shu)(shu)（ＴＥＣＨＣＨ）對制度(du)和管理(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)以及規模(mo)因(yin)素有(you)著(zhu)直接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)重要影響(xiang)，進而(er)影響(xiang)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)利(li)用綜合(he)效(xiao)率。漢江(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)帶技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術進步(bu)指數(shu)(shu)（ＴＥＣＨＣＨ）總(zong)體(ti)呈現(xian)(xian)(xian)波動式下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，但總(zong)體(ti)高(gao)于(yu)１，只(zhi)有(you)個(ge)別年(nian)(nian)份在(zai)１左右(you)且在(zai)２０１１年(nian)(nian)和２０１７年(nian)(nian)達到較(jiao)高(gao)值(zhi)。表明漢江(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)帶的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術進步(bu)指數(shu)(shu)（ＴＥＣＨＣＨ）整(zheng)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)較(jiao)高(gao)，值(zhi)得(de)肯定，但是(shi)也存(cun)在(zai)下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、不穩定的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)。需要進一步(bu)加大(da)(da)(da)(da)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術投(tou)入資金，推動技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術水(shui)(shui)平(ping)穩步(bu)提高(gao)。

４結論及對策建議

本文(wen)從技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進步(bu)(bu)視角出(chu)發，運用(yong)結合ＤＥＡ技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)Ｍａｌｍｑｕｉｓｔ指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)方法，測算(suan)２０１０—２０１８年漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)沿線１７市(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)要(yao)素生產(chan)率指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進步(bu)(bu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)、純技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)與規(gui)(gui)(gui)模效(xiao)(xiao)率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)，分(fen)(fen)析漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，得(de)出(chu)以(yi)下主(zhu)要(yao)結論：（１）漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)沿線城市(shi)(shi)(shi)總體(ti)工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，得(de)益于產(chan)生規(gui)(gui)(gui)模經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)應的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)投(tou)入以(yi)及(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)度和管理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)提高(gao)(gao)，但局部仍有較(jiao)大提升(sheng)(sheng)空間；（２）技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進步(bu)(bu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)對(dui)(dui)制(zhi)(zhi)度和管理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)以(yi)及(ji)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模因素有著直接的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)影響，從而影響漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)沿線城市(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率；（３）漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)沿線城市(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進步(bu)(bu)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)整體(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，但是也存在下降、不(bu)穩定的(de)(de)(de)風險。為(wei)(wei)進一步(bu)(bu)提高(gao)(gao)漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)工(gong)業(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，提出(chu)以(yi)下建議：（１）加快創(chuang)新成(cheng)果轉化(hua)(hua)速度，盡(jin)快將(jiang)其轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)現實(shi)生產(chan)力，促進技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進步(bu)(bu)，同(tong)時(shi)采(cai)取(qu)激勵手段高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)利用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，提升(sheng)(sheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)效(xiao)(xiao)率；（２）合理(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)工(gong)業(ye)生產(chan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模與發展結構(gou)，漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)工(gong)業(ye)發展應與當(dang)地水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布格(ge)局相匹配，統(tong)籌規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)，集中發展，形成(cheng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模效(xiao)(xiao)應，減(jian)少(shao)小規(gui)(gui)(gui)模分(fen)(fen)散經(jing)營(ying)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)浪費(fei)；（３）漢(han)(han)江(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)沿線城市(shi)(shi)(shi)需要(yao)加大對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)和保護的(de)(de)(de)長期投(tou)入和重視，以(yi)免(mian)出(chu)現潛(qian)力不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)問題。

作者：彭廣珍(zhen) 余淑秀 陳佳怡 張倩 鄒乾坤(kun) 劉(liu)勛 單位：湖北汽車工業學(xue)院經濟管理(li)學(xue)院