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【摘要】本文在研析新時代生態文明思想七個方面基礎上研究其理論和實踐創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)發展(zhan)。其理論創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)發展(zhan)研(yan)究有(you)：需要堅(jian)持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)“六(liu)大原則”；需要堅(jian)持(chi)和(he)完善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)“五大體系(xi)”；促(cu)進(jin)馬克思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)義生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)思(si)想(xiang)和(he)中(zhong)國特(te)色社會主(zhu)(zhu)義生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)理論創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)發展(zhan)。其實(shi)踐(jian)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)發展(zhan)研(yan)究有(you)：引(yin)領和(he)促(cu)進(jin)我國發展(zhan)方式(shi)綠(lv)色轉型；促(cu)進(jin)我國系(xi)統(tong)協同(tong)精(jing)準治(zhi)理生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境；推進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)制度化(hua)法(fa)治(zhi)化(hua)；共謀與踐(jian)行(xing)全球生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)。這為美麗中(zhong)國建(jian)設(she)帶來了強大能量。

【關鍵詞】生態文(wen)明思想；理(li)論(lun)；實踐；創(chuang)新；美(mei)麗中(zhong)國

黨的十八(ba)大以來，我(wo)國推(tui)進生(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)(she)，新時代生(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)思想理(li)論(lun)深刻(ke)回(hui)答了為什(shen)么建(jian)設(she)(she)生(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)、建(jian)設(she)(she)什(shen)么樣(yang)(yang)的生(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)、怎樣(yang)(yang)建(jian)設(she)(she)生(sheng)態文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)這三個重(zhong)大問題。這些理(li)論(lun)為推(tui)動我(wo)國發展方(fang)式(shi)綠色轉型指出實踐方(fang)向，也(ye)為美麗(li)中國建(jian)設(she)(she)帶來強大能(neng)量(liang)，它在(zai)理(li)論(lun)和實踐方(fang)面都具有(you)重(zhong)要的價值(zhi)。

一、新時代生態文明思想七個方面研析

（一(yi)）生態文明(ming)“興衰論”研析

從(cong)唯物史(shi)觀角度進(jin)行分析(xi)，我們(men)得(de)出生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)衰密切影響著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類文(wen)(wen)明進(jin)程。人(ren)(ren)(ren)類可持續發(fa)展(zhan)前(qian)提(ti)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類擁(yong)有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)，判斷(duan)標準是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類擁(yong)有幸福(fu)生(sheng)活(huo)，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)實現社會和(he)(he)諧(xie)、民族振興(xing)、國家富(fu)強。當今世界(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)日益(yi)尖(jian)銳，我們(men)提(ti)出要可持續發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類對(dui)工(gong)業文(wen)(wen)明帶來的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)反(fan)饋。“生(sheng)態(tai)興(xing)則文(wen)(wen)明興(xing)，生(sheng)態(tai)衰則文(wen)(wen)明衰。”生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明“興(xing)衰論”是(shi)(shi)以人(ren)(ren)(ren)類發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)宏觀視野作為出發(fa)點，將人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)自然(ran)協(xie)同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)、和(he)(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)作為基礎，對(dui)生(sheng)態(tai)與(yu)文(wen)(wen)明辯證關系進(jin)行分析(xi)概(gai)括，從(cong)認識論角度發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)豐富(fu)了馬克思主(zhu)義生(sheng)態(tai)觀理論。

（二）生態文明(ming)“兩(liang)山(shan)論(lun)”研析(xi)

綠水青(qing)山與(yu)金山銀山，是(shi)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護與(yu)經濟發(fa)展的形(xing)象(xiang)表(biao)達，它們是(shi)辯證統一的關系。“兩山論”揭示了(le)“保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)就是(shi)保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)、改(gai)善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)就是(shi)發(fa)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)”的道(dao)理(li)。我(wo)國(guo)的社會經濟發(fa)展與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護建設一直存在矛(mao)盾(dun)，而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明“兩山論”為問題的解決提(ti)(ti)供了(le)重要方案。“兩山論”是(shi)對馬克思(si)(si)主義生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)理(li)論深刻認識基礎上提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的。由此可見，“兩山論”是(shi)馬克思(si)(si)主義生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)(li)理(li)論與(yu)我(wo)國(guo)實際相結合的重要理(li)論成(cheng)果。

（三(san)）生態文明“和諧共(gong)生論”研析

人(ren)(ren)類(lei)是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)一(yi)部(bu)分，源(yuan)于(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)。人(ren)(ren)類(lei)必須在(zai)遵循自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)規律基礎(chu)之(zhi)上(shang)利用、改(gai)造自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)，而不能凌駕于(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)規律之(zhi)上(shang)。“人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)是(shi)生(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)同體，人(ren)(ren)類(lei)必須尊重自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)、順應自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)、保護自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)。”[1]生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明“和諧共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)論(lun)”即人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)是(shi)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)共(gong)(gong)榮的(de)和諧統(tong)一(yi)體，相互依存，一(yi)損俱損，一(yi)榮俱榮。“人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)和諧共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)”源(yuan)于(yu)中(zhong)國古代生(sheng)態(tai)哲學思想，也(ye)符合生(sheng)態(tai)學上(shang)的(de)“共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)理(li)論(lun)”，打(da)破(po)了人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)“中(zhong)心主義”觀點，而且提升(sheng)了馬克思主義人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)關系的(de)認識。這是(shi)中(zhong)國生(sheng)態(tai)智慧(hui)，是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)可持續發展的(de)根本之(zhi)策。

（四）生(sheng)態文明“民生(sheng)論(lun)”研析

執(zhi)政的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)在(zai)安民(min)，安民(min)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)在(zai)惠民(min)。近年來隨著人們(men)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)存條件、生(sheng)(sheng)活品質的(de)(de)不(bu)斷提高，人們(men)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產品的(de)(de)需求(qiu)日益增長(chang)。為(wei)了(le)讓人民(min)更(geng)好地生(sheng)(sheng)活和生(sheng)(sheng)產，我們(men)要推動(dong)綠色發展。“良(liang)好生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)是最公平的(de)(de)公共產品，也(ye)是最普惠的(de)(de)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)福祉。”這將民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)關系揭示出來，從執(zhi)政為(wei)民(min)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度，強調生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)惠民(min)的(de)(de)價值(zhi)取向，不(bu)斷促進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)惠民(min)時代內涵豐富。我國在(zai)進(jin)行生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設過程(cheng)中(zhong)，要將以人為(wei)本、改善民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)為(wei)價值(zhi)取向，不(bu)斷滿(man)足人民(min)對(dui)于良(liang)好生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)需求(qiu)。

（五）生態文明(ming)“系統論”研析

“要從系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)工程(cheng)和全(quan)局角度尋求新的(de)(de)治理(li)之道(dao)，不能再是頭(tou)痛(tong)醫頭(tou)、腳痛(tong)醫腳，各管一攤、相互掣(che)肘。”生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建設屬(shu)于復雜系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)工程(cheng)，涉及多個方(fang)面(mian)，如(ru)科(ke)技、社會(hui)、文化、政治、經濟等，需要多個行業、部門、社會(hui)組織通力合作。我們(men)要從系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)論(lun)(lun)視(shi)角把握認(ren)識生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)中存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，在(zai)(zai)重視(shi)制度保障、統(tong)(tong)(tong)籌計劃(hua)和頂(ding)層設計的(de)(de)同時，重視(shi)改革協調性、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)性[2]。另外(wai)，堅(jian)持“山水林田湖草是生(sheng)命共同體”的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)觀(guan)是生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明“系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)論(lun)(lun)”一個重要方(fang)面(mian)。我們(men)要有系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)思維，統(tong)(tong)(tong)籌兼(jian)顧、整體施策建設生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明，不要頭(tou)痛(tong)醫頭(tou)腳痛(tong)醫腳，片面(mian)對(dui)待資源環境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題。

（六）生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)“法治(zhi)論”研析

黨的(de)(de)(de)十八(ba)大(da)以來(lai)，推進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)頂層設(she)計(ji)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)制度(du)體系建設(she)，同時在加快立(li)法(fa)進(jin)程基礎上(shang)加大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境執(zhi)法(fa)司法(fa)力(li)(li)度(du)，這使(shi)得(de)全民(min)環(huan)保(bao)意識(shi)得(de)到(dao)明(ming)顯(xian)提升(sheng)，使(shi)得(de)我(wo)國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)保(bao)取得(de)顯(xian)著成(cheng)效，更使(shi)得(de)我(wo)國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設(she)從實(shi)踐到(dao)認識(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了歷史性(xing)、轉折(zhe)性(xing)和(he)全局性(xing)變化，這是(shi)有目共睹的(de)(de)(de)。“只有實(shi)行最嚴格的(de)(de)(de)制度(du)和(he)最嚴密的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)治，才能為生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設(she)提供可靠的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)。”可見我(wo)們要通過法(fa)治思維和(he)方式解決生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)護、修復(fu)和(he)治理(li)中(zhong)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)問題。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)“法(fa)治論”是(shi)使(shi)法(fa)治成(cheng)為平(ping)衡(heng)經(jing)濟發展和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)保(bao)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)公約(yue)數，使(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設(she)具有了法(fa)規約(yue)束力(li)(li)。

（七）生(sheng)態文明“共同體論”研(yan)析

隨著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)類社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，人(ren)(ren)們認識到(dao)：人(ren)(ren)類不同(tong)于動物的(de)(de)根(gen)本是人(ren)(ren)類只有在共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)才能(neng)生存和(he)發(fa)(fa)展，世(shi)界(jie)融合度越來(lai)越高，愈發(fa)(fa)成了一個你中(zhong)(zhong)有我、我中(zhong)(zhong)有你的(de)(de)命運共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)[3]。人(ren)(ren)類命運共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)理念是立(li)足當今世(shi)界(jie)局勢，基于對中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)優秀傳統文化和(he)馬克思主義的(de)(de)探究而提(ti)出(chu)。為(wei)了人(ren)(ren)類這個相(xiang)互依存的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)努力拿出(chu)全球環境治(zhi)(zhi)理的(de)(de)方案共(gong)(gong)(gong)享，積極參與(yu)應(ying)對氣候變化國(guo)(guo)際合作，共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)構建(jian)世(shi)界(jie)生態文明建(jian)設的(de)(de)新格(ge)局，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)政治(zhi)(zhi)智慧。

二、新時代生態文明思想理論創新發展

（一）需要堅(jian)持生態文明建設“六大原則”

依據生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)內在邏輯和(he)(he)(he)時代內涵科(ke)學概(gai)括出的(de)“六大原(yuan)則”，分別(bie)是(shi)(shi)：堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)基(ji)本(ben)民(min)生(sheng)觀(guan)(guan)、堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)綠(lv)色發展觀(guan)(guan)、堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)嚴(yan)密法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)、堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)科(ke)學自(zi)然(ran)觀(guan)(guan)、堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)整(zheng)體系(xi)統(tong)觀(guan)(guan)、堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)全(quan)球(qiu)共(gong)贏觀(guan)(guan)。其(qi)一(yi)，“堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)”，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)共(gong)生(sheng)共(gong)榮(rong)、和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)發展關系(xi)的(de)本(ben)質所在，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)美麗的(de)現(xian)(xian)代化強(qiang)國(guo)時代要(yao)求和(he)(he)(he)根(gen)本(ben)保障。在新時代生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程中，促進人(ren)(ren)與(yu)社會(hui)關系(xi)、人(ren)(ren)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)關系(xi)和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)，繼而實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)類消費方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)產方(fang)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)協(xie)調發展，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)“人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)”的(de)新格(ge)局。其(qi)二(er)，我們(men)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)“堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)綠(lv)水青(qing)山(shan)就是(shi)(shi)金山(shan)銀山(shan)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)促進經濟發展與(yu)環(huan)境、資源協(xie)調發展。其(qi)三，我們(men)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)基(ji)本(ben)民(min)生(sheng)觀(guan)(guan)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)讓人(ren)(ren)民(min)享受(shou)到(dao)綠(lv)色福利和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)(she)成果。其(qi)四，我們(men)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)整(zheng)體系(xi)統(tong)觀(guan)(guan)，整(zheng)體施策(ce)、多策(ce)并舉，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)達到(dao)系(xi)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)的(de)效果。其(qi)五，我們(men)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)嚴(yan)密法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)(guan)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)加快制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)創新，完善制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)，強(qiang)化制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)執(zhi)行[4]。其(qi)六，我們(men)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)共(gong)謀全(quan)球(qiu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)(she)，秉持(chi)(chi)人(ren)(ren)類命運共(gong)同體理(li)念，參(can)與(yu)全(quan)球(qiu)環(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)為(wei)全(quan)球(qiu)環(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)提供中國(guo)智慧和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)案(an)。

（二）需(xu)要堅持和完善生(sheng)態文明“五大體系”

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)“五(wu)(wu)大體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)”是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)基本框架，提供(gong)了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設(she)(she)制(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)保(bao)障(zhang)。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)“五(wu)(wu)大體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)”。其(qi)一(yi)，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設(she)(she)的(de)根，良好(hao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)蘊含(han)人與自然和(he)(he)(he)諧(xie)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)價(jia)值取向(xiang)[5]，弘揚和(he)(he)(he)傳播生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)將推進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設(she)(she)。其(qi)二，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。我(wo)們(men)只(zhi)有堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)“綠水青山(shan)就是(shi)(shi)金山(shan)銀山(shan)”構建生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，樹立(li)正確的(de)發(fa)(fa)展思路，因(yin)地制(zhi)宜發(fa)(fa)展產業(ye)，才(cai)能(neng)促進(jin)發(fa)(fa)展方(fang)式(shi)全(quan)面綠色轉型(xing)，形成以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)產業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、產業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為主體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。其(qi)三，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)制(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)法治(zhi)觀(guan)保(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)理生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境，加強黨的(de)領導，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)制(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，推進(jin)國(guo)家治(zhi)理體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)理能(neng)力現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)。其(qi)四，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)目(mu)標責(ze)任(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。目(mu)標責(ze)任(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)核心(xin)是(shi)(shi)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境質量，我(wo)們(men)需要明(ming)(ming)確生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環保(bao)目(mu)標，將領導干(gan)部(bu)視為關鍵，完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)考(kao)核評估機(ji)制(zhi)，建立(li)健(jian)全(quan)責(ze)任(ren)追究制(zhi)度。其(qi)五(wu)(wu)，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)事關國(guo)泰民安(an)，加強頂層(ceng)設(she)(she)計、科技支撐和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)際合作，重視和(he)(he)(he)維(wei)護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)多樣性和(he)(he)(he)平衡性，才(cai)能(neng)促進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建設(she)(she)。

（三）促進馬克思(si)主義生態文明思(si)想創新發展(zhan)

在(zai)研(yan)究馬克思(si)主義(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)思(si)想基礎上(shang)，新(xin)時代生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)思(si)想理(li)論針對我國基本國情(qing)和(he)資源環境，以(yi)人與自然和(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為價值取向，堅持求(qiu)真務實，在(zai)綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)(guan)、科學(xue)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)(guan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)觀(guan)(guan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)觀(guan)(guan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)法(fa)治觀(guan)(guan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)全球觀(guan)(guan)等方面與時俱進發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)馬克思(si)主義(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)思(si)想。新(xin)時代生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)思(si)想理(li)論將綠水青山(shan)就(jiu)是金山(shan)銀山(shan)作(zuo)為發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)導向，是一次發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)(guan)的深(shen)刻變(bian)革。我們大力倡導“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)為民、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)利民、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)惠民”的綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方向即是“良好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境就(jiu)是最普惠的民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)福祉”實踐(jian)路徑(jing)。用嚴格制(zhi)度(du)、嚴密法(fa)制(zhi)保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境，確保生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設進入程(cheng)序化(hua)、規(gui)范化(hua)、法(fa)制(zhi)化(hua)、制(zhi)度(du)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)軌道。

（四）促進中國特色社會主義生(sheng)態文明理論(lun)創新發展

新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)(ming)思想理論探究中(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)規(gui)律，揭(jie)示出(chu)(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設(she)與經濟(ji)建(jian)設(she)辯(bian)證(zheng)統(tong)一(yi)的關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，促進中(zhong)國(guo)特色(se)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)(ming)理論創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，體現為(wei)以下幾點：其(qi)(qi)一(yi)，揭(jie)示保護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)辯(bian)證(zheng)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)[6]。這深刻(ke)概(gai)括為(wei)一(yi)句話，“保護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)就(jiu)是(shi)保護生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)，改善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)就(jiu)是(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)”。其(qi)(qi)二，提出(chu)(chu)經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的承載(zai)依存關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)旦(dan)超越資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)承載(zai)力(li)，資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)用(yong)之不覺，失之難存，資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問題會(hui)制約經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。其(qi)(qi)三(san)，論證(zheng)社(she)會(hui)經濟(ji)財富與自然財富辯(bian)證(zheng)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。得出(chu)(chu)綠水青(qing)山(shan)(shan)不僅(jin)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)財富還是(shi)經濟(ji)財富，提出(chu)(chu)將綠水青(qing)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)蘊藏的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)價值轉化為(wei)經濟(ji)價值，持(chi)續發(fa)揮(hui)經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)效(xiao)益。其(qi)(qi)四，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)提出(chu)(chu)以系(xi)(xi)統(tong)觀(guan)和整體觀(guan)治理生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，不能頭(tou)痛(tong)醫頭(tou)，腳痛(tong)醫腳，要統(tong)籌協調、科(ke)學精準(zhun)地治理生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。

三、新時代生態文明思想實踐方面創新發展

（一）引(yin)領和促(cu)進我國發(fa)展方(fang)式綠色轉型

新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代生(sheng)態(tai)文明思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)引領和促進我(wo)國發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)轉型，并為生(sheng)態(tai)文明建設提供了實(shi)踐路徑。其(qi)來源(yuan)于實(shi)踐，具有(you)強烈問(wen)題(ti)導向、實(shi)踐導向，在解決問(wen)題(ti)、指導實(shi)踐中(zhong)不斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代生(sheng)態(tai)文明思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)積極探索我(wo)國發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)轉型，推動形(xing)(xing)成綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)。要把實(shi)現減污降碳(tan)協同增效作(zuo)為促進經濟社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)全面綠(lv)色(se)(se)轉型的總抓手，重點是調(diao)整能源(yuan)和產(chan)業結(jie)構，改(gai)造(zao)綠(lv)色(se)(se)技術體系，培育壯(zhuang)大綠(lv)色(se)(se)環保產(chan)業[7]，形(xing)(xing)成綠(lv)色(se)(se)經濟，實(shi)現騰(teng)籠換鳥、鳳凰(huang)涅(nie)槃。浙江省踐行“綠(lv)水青山就是金(jin)山銀山”的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理念，推廣應(ying)用竹纏繞復合材料，降低生(sheng)產(chan)過程中(zhong)的能耗(hao)和溫室氣體排放(fang)。

（二）促進我(wo)國系統協(xie)同精準治理(li)生態環境

促進我國系(xi)統協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)精(jing)準治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了破解環境困局(ju)，也是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了實現(xian)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟社(she)會可持續發展，推(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明(ming)建設實現(xian)新進步。例如推(tui)動區(qu)域(yu)(yu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)和流域(yu)(yu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)，通過區(qu)域(yu)(yu)和流域(yu)(yu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)，能(neng)夠(gou)精(jing)準治(zhi)(zhi)污，合(he)力提升區(qu)域(yu)(yu)和流域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境保護的(de)成效。長(chang)三角一(yi)體化、粵(yue)港澳(ao)大灣區(qu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，長(chang)江黃河流域(yu)(yu)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。踐行“山水林田湖草是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)命共同(tong)(tong)體”的(de)系(xi)統觀，建設鄉村田園綜合(he)體。事實證明(ming)，我們只有堅持好(hao)系(xi)統觀念(nian)，不斷探究生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統的(de)內在規(gui)律，才能(neng)完善好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明(ming)領域(yu)(yu)統籌(chou)協(xie)(xie)調機(ji)制(zhi)，才能(neng)推(tui)進好(hao)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境一(yi)體化治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)[8]。

（三）推(tui)進生態文明建設制度化法(fa)治化

制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)屬于生產關系和(he)上(shang)層建(jian)筑(zhu)范疇，用最嚴格制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、最嚴密法(fa)律推(tui)進生態文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)化(hua)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)，是通過改(gai)(gai)革和(he)調整生產關系和(he)上(shang)層建(jian)筑(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)理生態環(huan)境。制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的生命力在(zai)于執(zhi)(zhi)行，通過制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)執(zhi)(zhi)行、制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)完善和(he)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)創新(xin)來(lai)確保(bao)生態文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)落地(di)生根見(jian)效。中央生態環(huan)保(bao)督察(cha)力度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)成效大，我(wo)國制(zhi)定(ding)和(he)修改(gai)(gai)環(huan)境保(bao)護法(fa)，實行河長制(zhi)湖(hu)長制(zhi)，實施長江(jiang)“十年禁漁”。可見(jian)我(wo)們要讓(rang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)成為(wei)剛性高壓線，要讓(rang)生態文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)化(hua)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)成為(wei)生態文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)的根本保(bao)障(zhang)。

（四）共謀(mou)與踐行全球生態文明建設

在全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化時代(dai)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)面(mian)對是適合人(ren)(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)地球(qiu)(qiu)，必須樹立全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)視野(ye)，通過(guo)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)類共(gong)同努力保(bao)護好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)。我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)需要借鑒國內外生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)經驗和(he)教訓，解決(jue)好自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)問題，才能共(gong)謀和(he)踐行(xing)(xing)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設。共(gong)同保(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設人(ren)(ren)類命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)同體，這(zhe)是我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)類共(gong)同面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰和(he)責任。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國將(jiang)力爭2030年前(qian)實現碳達峰、2060年前(qian)實現碳中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)，這(zhe)說(shuo)明今后中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國將(jiang)在全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)環境(jing)(jing)治理(li)體系構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設方面(mian)更(geng)加積極作為(wei)。新(xin)時代(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明思想(xiang)實踐創(chuang)新(xin)發展包括引領和(he)促進我(wo)(wo)國發展方式綠色轉(zhuan)型，促進我(wo)(wo)國系統協(xie)同精準治理(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)，推進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設制度(du)化法治化，共(gong)謀與踐行(xing)(xing)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設。“人(ren)(ren)不(bu)負青山，青山定不(bu)負人(ren)(ren)。”持(chi)之以恒，久久為(wei)功，一(yi)(yi)定能夠建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)然和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)麗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國。

作者：包小燕 單位：中共懷(huai)寧縣委黨校