圖書館電子書研究文獻計量學探討

時間:2022-08-29 09:01:39

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圖書館電子書研究文獻計量學探討

摘要:隨著電子書行業的蓬勃發展,電子書服務日益成為圖書館的一項重要工作。文章采用文獻計量學分析方法,基于中國知網中的文獻,對我國20余年來圖書館電子書研究的相關(guan)成果進行梳理和(he)總結,以期全面了解我國圖(tu)書館電子書研究的現(xian)狀及(ji)未來發(fa)展趨勢。

關鍵詞:圖書(shu)(shu)館;電(dian)子(zi)書(shu)(shu);服務模(mo)式;服務平臺;電(dian)子(zi)書(shu)(shu)借閱;電(dian)子(zi)書(shu)(shu)閱讀;電(dian)子(zi)書(shu)(shu)采(cai)購

電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)是利用信息(xi)化(hua)手(shou)段將知識(shi)內(nei)容數字(zi)化(hua)形成(cheng)數字(zi)文(wen)件,并以(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)籍(ji)形式呈現(xian),可通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)腦、閱(yue)讀(du)器、智能手(shou)機等電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)設備進行閱(yue)讀(du)。與傳統紙質書(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)比,電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)具(ju)有易(yi)檢索、易(yi)攜帶、內(nei)容豐富(fu)、支持個性(xing)化(hua)閱(yue)讀(du)等優勢,近(jin)年(nian)來電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)閱(yue)讀(du)服務越來越受到圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)重視。2011年(nian),美國(guo)(guo)《圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)雜志》開(kai)展圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)普及(ji)程度和使用調(diao)查(cha),調(diao)查(cha)顯示學(xue)術(shu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)普及(ji)率(lv)最高,有95%的(de)(de)學(xue)術(shu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)提供電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu),主要提供學(xue)術(shu)性(xing)刊物,涵蓋(gai)工學(xue)、人文(wen)學(xue)、醫學(xue)、法學(xue)等學(xue)科(ke),其次是公共圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan),有82%的(de)(de)公共圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)提供電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)服務[1]。2001年(nian)4月,方(fang)正電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)發布阿帕比(Apabi)網絡(luo)出版(電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu))整體解決(jue)方(fang)案(an),標志著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)行業正式開(kai)啟。2006年(nian)1月,首都(dou)(dou)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)與方(fang)正電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)正式簽約(yue),一次性(xing)購買了(le)8萬冊(ce)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu),面向首都(dou)(dou)市民(min)提供電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)服務[2]。相(xiang)關數據(ju)顯示,2020年(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)數字(zi)閱(yue)讀(du)市場持續增(zeng)長,閱(yue)讀(du)用戶規模(mo)達到4.94億,增(zeng)長率(lv)為5.56%,人均電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)讀(du)量(liang)為9.1本,人均有聲書(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)讀(du)量(liang)為6.3本。

1圖書館電子書研究文獻計量分析

筆者在中(zhong)國知網采用TI=‘電(dian)(dian)子(zi)書’?‘圖書館’、TI=‘電(dian)(dian)子(zi)書’andAB=‘圖書館’、TI=‘電(dian)(dian)子(zi)書’andKY=‘圖書館'等檢索式進行檢索,檢索文(wen)獻(xian)類型限定為(wei)(wei)學術(shu)期(qi)刊、學位論文(wen)、報紙、會議論文(wen),共檢索到相(xiang)關文(wen)獻(xian)481篇,總被引次數2,002次,篇均被引4.20,研究活(huo)躍期(qi)為(wei)(wei)2009—2021年(nian)。

1.1發文數量(liang)分(fen)析

1995年,木易在(zai)《美國大(da)學開展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》一文(wen)(wen)中分析了美國大(da)學開展(zhan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),認為該項研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是評估電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)大(da)學作(zuo)為輔助讀物的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)行性,以及(ji)在(zai)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館取代紙質圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)能性[3],是我(wo)國最早對圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)進行研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)一篇(pian)公(gong)開文(wen)(wen)獻。從歷年發(fa)文(wen)(wen)數(shu)(shu)量看,2006年是我(wo)國圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)一個小高峰(發(fa)文(wen)(wen)11篇(pian)),其后(hou)經過兩年的(de)(de)盤整,2009年進入(ru)高速發(fa)展(zhan)期,發(fa)文(wen)(wen)數(shu)(shu)量呈直線(xian)上升(sheng)趨勢(shi)(shi),2015年達到一個高峰值(發(fa)文(wen)(wen)57篇(pian)),隨之(zhi)進入(ru)較漫長的(de)(de)盤整期,文(wen)(wen)獻數(shu)(shu)量呈下降(jiang)趨勢(shi)(shi),表明我(wo)國圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)近年來未有新的(de)(de)突破,詳見下頁圖(tu)1。

1.2發文(wen)文(wen)獻類(lei)型分(fen)析

為了更好地揭示我國圖書館電子書研究的發展脈絡,筆者按照出版年和文獻類型進行了統計。統計結果顯示,1995—2021年共有398篇期刊論文發表在學術期刊上,占比為82.7%;2001—2019年共有49篇報紙媒體報道,內容主要是電子書市場發展、電子書與紙質書如何共存、各大資源商的應對策略等,近年來報紙媒體對電子書的關注度明顯下降,鮮有相關報道,一定程度上表明電子書在技術、服務和平臺等層面出現了瓶頸期;2016年,有學者在會議論文中對電子書的產生和發展展開探討;2011年,電子書(shu)(shu)研究的文(wen)獻類型更加多元化,開始(shi)有(you)了學位(wei)(wei)論文(wen)成果(guo),截止2019年共(gong)有(you)22篇學位(wei)(wei)論文(wen)發表,說(shuo)明(ming)該(gai)時期圖書(shu)(shu)館電子書(shu)(shu)研究是研究生的熱(re)點選(xuan)題(ti)。

1.3發文期刊分析(xi)

筆者對398篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)期(qi)刊(kan)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)來(lai)源出(chu)版(ban)物(wu)統計后發現共(gong)有(you)155種(zhong)期(qi)刊(kan),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)載文(wen)量2.57篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。期(qi)刊(kan)類(lei)(lei)型分為圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)報(bao)類(lei)(lei)、出(chu)版(ban)類(lei)(lei)、科(ke)技(ji)信(xin)息類(lei)(lei)、大(da)學學報(bao)類(lei)(lei)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)類(lei)(lei),其(qi)(qi)中圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)報(bao)類(lei)(lei)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)載文(wen)量最高(5.79篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)),其(qi)(qi)次是(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)版(ban)類(lei)(lei)(2.46篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)),其(qi)(qi)余(yu)三類(lei)(lei)均(jun)(jun)未達到1.5篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),詳見表1。統計結果顯示,載文(wen)7篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)以上的(de)期(qi)刊(kan)共(gong)有(you)15種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)刊(kan)發文(wen)量的(de)43.72%,是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)電(dian)子書(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)來(lai)源出(chu)版(ban)物(wu),分別是(shi)(shi)(shi)《圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)雜志》(20篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.03%)、《圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)報(bao)工作》(16篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.02%)、《數據(ju)分析(xi)與(yu)知識發現》(16篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.02%)、《圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)學研(yan)究》(14篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.52%)、《出(chu)版(ban)參考》(13篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.27%)、《圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)》(12篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.02%)、《新世紀(ji)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)》(11篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.76%)、《科(ke)技(ji)情(qing)(qing)(qing)報(bao)開發與(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟》(11篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.76%)、《內蒙古(gu)科(ke)技(ji)與(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟》(10篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.51%)、《圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)論(lun)壇》(9篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.26%)、《農業圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)報(bao)學刊(kan)》(9篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.26%)、《情(qing)(qing)(qing)報(bao)探(tan)索》(9篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.26%)、《大(da)學圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)學報(bao)》(8篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.01%)、《圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)建設》(8篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.01%)、《河(he)南圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)學刊(kan)》(8篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.01%)。

1.4發文核心(xin)期(qi)刊分析

為(wei)了更好(hao)地揭示(shi)高水平學(xue)(xue)術成果的文獻來(lai)源,筆者(zhe)基(ji)于CSSCI(2021—2022)和北大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)文核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)(2020版(ban)(ban)(ban))來(lai)源期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)收(shou)錄(lu)目(mu)錄(lu),按照來(lai)源出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)物(wu)及其(qi)對應(ying)的學(xue)(xue)科(ke),對398篇(pian)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)論文進行了二次統計,結果顯示(shi)398篇(pian)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)論文中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)有145篇(pian)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)論文,分(fen)布(bu)于2個學(xue)(xue)科(ke)、26種(zhong)(zhong)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan),平均載文量為(wei)5.58篇(pian),詳見下頁表(biao)2。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),載文量4篇(pian)以上的核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)共(gong)有10種(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)是(shi)《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)雜(za)志》(20篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13.79%)、《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)情報(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)作(zuo)》(16篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2911.03%)、《數(shu)據分(fen)析與(yu)知識發(fa)現》(16篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)11.03%)、《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)》(14篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)9.66%)、《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)》(12篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8.28%)、《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)論壇》(9篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.21%)、《大(da)學(xue)(xue)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)(bao)(bao)》(8篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.52%)、《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)建(jian)設》(8篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.52%)、《圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)與(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)》(7篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.83%)、《中(zhong)(zhong)國圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)學(xue)(xue)報(bao)(bao)(bao)》(5篇(pian),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.45%)。以上10種(zhong)(zhong)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)均來(lai)自(zi)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)情報(bao)(bao)(bao)領域,發(fa)文量占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)總發(fa)文量的79.32%,可見圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)電子書(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)的高影響(xiang)力(li)期(qi)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)群已經(jing)形成。此(ci)外,出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)領域發(fa)文較(jiao)多的核(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)刊(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)物(wu)分(fen)別(bie)是(shi)《出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)》《出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)行研(yan)究(jiu)》《科(ke)技(ji)與(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)》《中(zhong)(zhong)國出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)》,相關(guan)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)可重點(dian)關(guan)注(zhu)。

2我國圖書館電子書研究主題分析

2.1圖書館電子書研究高(gao)頻詞

筆者通過(guo)VOSviewer知識圖(tu)譜可(ke)視(shi)化分析軟件發現(xian)481篇文獻中共(gong)有(you)683個關鍵詞,但(dan)頻次≥6的僅有(you)34個,主要是圍繞電子書、圖(tu)書館、高(gao)校(xiao)圖(tu)書館、電子書服務、電子書閱讀器、公共(gong)圖(tu)書館、數字(zi)圖(tu)書館、服務模式、資源(yuan)建設(she)、借閱服務、出(chu)版商、數字(zi)出(chu)版、數字(zi)閱讀、紙質書、電子書平(ping)臺等(deng)高(gao)頻關鍵詞展開探討,可(ke)見(jian)我國(guo)圖(tu)書館電子書研究主題相對較集中,詳見(jian)表3。

2.2圖書館電子書研究(jiu)主題

2.2.1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)建設研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。2000年,鎮錫惠在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(e-Book)高級研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)討(tao)會上(shang)首(shou)次提(ti)出(chu)要加強數字資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)建設,促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)普及[4]。2011年,王艷玲(ling)提(ti)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)建設要制(zhi)定科(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)策略,加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)合同管理,同時保持主動思維,要求(qiu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)商(shang)按本館(guan)需求(qiu)提(ti)供個性(xing)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)[5]。此后(hou),多位學(xue)(xue)者對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公共圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)建設展(zhan)開調查(cha)和(he)(he)分析,并有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)地提(ti)出(chu)了(le)相關對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策和(he)(he)建議(yi)。2.2.2電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構(gou)建研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。2002年,趙繼海提(ti)出(chu)基(ji)于(yu)DRM技術(shu)構(gou)建數字圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)學(xue)(xue)者對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行探討(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)篇文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)[6]。隨后(hou)學(xue)(xue)界對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)移動—電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、聯(lian)盟(meng)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、移動閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、Overdrive和(he)(he)3M的(de)(de)(de)(de)云服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)展(zhan)開了(le)探討(tao)和(he)(he)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。2.2.3電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。目前,我國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)兩大類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai):一類是(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)廠(chang)商(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),另一類是(shi)(shi)館(guan)配(pei)商(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)。資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)廠(chang)商(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)方(fang)正(zheng)、超星(xing)等為(wei)代(dai)表[7],館(guan)配(pei)商(shang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)暢想(xiang)之星(xing)、云田智慧等為(wei)代(dai)表[8]。針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)包括國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)主流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)探索與啟(qi)示[9]、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)技術(shu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)運行模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。2.2.4電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采購(gou)(gou)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。2013年,Gale推出(chu)一項創新采購(gou)(gou)解決方(fang)案———使用(yong)率(lv)驅動的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)(gou)模型[10],但針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此種(zhong)采購(gou)(gou)模型鮮有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。當前,圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)(gou)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要有(you)(you)PDA(讀(du)(du)者驅動采購(gou)(gou))、DDA(需求(qiu)驅動采購(gou)(gou))、EBA(循證(zheng)采購(gou)(gou))及ATO(獲(huo)取即(ji)擁有(you)(you))等幾種(zhong)[11-14]。2.2.5電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)推廣(guang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。2012年,劉紅(hong)、劉力文(wen)(wen)通過問卷調查(cha)、座談(tan)和(he)(he)一些推廣(guang)活(huo)動等對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)推廣(guang)環境、條件、前景(jing)和(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)容展(zhan)開研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)[15],是(shi)(shi)最(zui)早研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)推廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一篇文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)。早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)推廣(guang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)都是(shi)(shi)基(ji)于(yu)實(shi)證(zheng)調查(cha),近年來(lai)學(xue)(xue)者較為(wei)關注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)推廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)績效評價研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)[16]。2.2.6電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。出(chu)版商(shang)限(xian)制(zhi)圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)外(wai)借電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)引(yin)起了(le)學(xue)(xue)界對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)該主題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注,早期(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)主要是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)具有(you)(you)代(dai)表性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行探討(tao),隨后(hou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)機(ji)制(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)架構(gou)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)政策、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)限(xian)制(zhi)及優化分析、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)借閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)與作品(pin)合理使用(yong)等內(nei)(nei)容展(zhan)開深入研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。2.2.7電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)器(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。與其他(ta)主題(ti)相比(bi),針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)器(qi)開展(zhan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高水(shui)平(ping)(ping)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)較多,核(he)心期(qi)刊載文(wen)(wen)共有(you)(you)27篇,研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內(nei)(nei)容主要是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)器(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)器(qi)在圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)分析及存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)閱(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讀(du)(du)器(qi)試用(yong)與評估等[17]。

3結語

綜上所述,電子書研(yan)究方(fang)(fang)興未艾,雖在一(yi)些(xie)領域取(qu)得了一(yi)些(xie)成果,但也(ye)在資(zi)(zi)源建(jian)(jian)設、服務(wu)方(fang)(fang)式及(ji)平(ping)臺管理等方(fang)(fang)面(mian)出現了瓶頸(jing),亟須(xu)有影響力的作者、出版社、數據庫商、圖書館等從版權保護、數據標(biao)準、資(zi)(zi)源結構、服務(wu)平(ping)臺、資(zi)(zi)源采購、合同管理等層面(mian)共同建(jian)(jian)設電子書生態系統(tong),確保各方(fang)(fang)權益(yi),提升(sheng)電子書服務(wu)質量,加快電子書資(zi)(zi)源建(jian)(jian)設進程,滿足讀者對電子書日益(yi)增長的需求(qiu)。

作者:儲文(wen)靜 單位(wei):江西師范大學圖書館(guan)