1鹽津縣地質災害現狀(zhuang)及成(cheng)因

1．1鹽(yan)津縣地(di)質災(zai)害現狀

鹽津(jin)縣位于云南省(sheng)東北部，境內地(di)(di)(di)勢起伏(fu)較大最高海(hai)拔(ba)2263m，最低海(hai)拔(ba)330m，山(shan)勢以中高山(shan)為主，呈(cheng)南高北低狀，地(di)(di)(di)形險峻(jun)，山(shan)勢陡(dou)峭，溝壑縱橫地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌、地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)條件復(fu)雜(za)多(duo)樣，特(te)殊的地(di)(di)(di)理環(huan)(huan)境形成了(le)“一山(shan)有(you)四季，十里不(bu)同天”的地(di)(di)(di)理氣候，夏季炎熱，冬季濕(shi)潤(run)偏(pian)暖。由于人(ren)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)少，森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率低，山(shan)高坡陡(dou)，水(shui)土流(liu)失嚴(yan)重(zhong)，地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)環(huan)(huan)境十分復(fu)雜(za)。隨著(zhu)工農業生產、城(cheng)鎮建設(she)(she)、交通(tong)建設(she)(she)和其它經濟(ji)建設(she)(she)的加(jia)速(su)發展，以及人(ren)口的不(bu)斷增(zeng)長，人(ren)類工程活動日益頻繁．對生態環(huan)(huan)境與地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)環(huan)(huan)境的破壞(huai)日趨(qu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，特(te)別是橫江和白水(shui)江兩岸斜坡巖土體處于超荷載或(huo)重(zhong)荷載狀態，不(bu)合理的開(kai)挖(wa)以及沿江地(di)(di)(di)帶洪水(shui)的淹沒與沖刷作用(yong)，導致了(le)多(duo)處斜坡變(bian)形、建筑(zhu)物開(kai)裂(lie)等，地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害尤為突(tu)出。

鹽津縣境內共有地(di)質(zhi)災害點(dian)有90個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(條(tiao))，主(zhu)要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)鹽井、普洱、豆沙、廟(miao)壩等鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。地(di)質(zhi)災害類型主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)滑(hua)(hua)坡、崩塌(ta)、泥(ni)石流(liu)、危(wei)(wei)巖、地(di)面(mian)裂縫(feng)、潛在(zai)(zai)不(bu)穩定(ding)斜(xie)坡等，多種(zhong)地(di)質(zhi)災害并存。近(jin)幾年(nian)來，在(zai)(zai)鹽津縣十個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)，共發現(xian)地(di)質(zhi)災害隱患(huan)點(dian)298個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，其(qi)中滑(hua)(hua)坡114個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，不(bu)穩定(ding)斜(xie)坡123個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，危(wei)(wei)巖崩塌(ta)43個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，泥(ni)石流(liu)溝(gou)15條(tiao)，地(di)面(mian)塌(ta)陷2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，地(di)裂縫(feng)1條(tiao)。其(qi)中，具(ju)有一定(ding)規模、穩定(ding)性(xing)差、危(wei)(wei)險性(xing)高、危(wei)(wei)害程(cheng)度大的重(zhong)要(yao)地(di)質(zhi)災害點(dian)有90個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(條(tiao))，含滑(hua)(hua)坡30個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，不(bu)穩定(ding)斜(xie)坡33個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，危(wei)(wei)巖崩塌(ta)19個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，泥(ni)石流(liu)溝(gou)8條(tiao)，較為(wei)嚴重(zhong)的有縣城滑(hua)(hua)坡群(qun)(qun)、廟(miao)壩鄉(xiang)滑(hua)(hua)坡群(qun)(qun)、柿(shi)子鄉(xiang)滑(hua)(hua)坡群(qun)(qun)、中和(he)鎮(zhen)滑(hua)(hua)坡群(qun)(qun)、普洱鎮(zhen)滑(hua)(hua)坡群(qun)(qun)等。

地(di)質(zhi)災害的(de)頻繁發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，地(di)質(zhi)環境的(de)日(ri)(ri)益惡化，嚴重影響了全(quan)縣經濟社會持續(xu)健康發(fa)展，危(wei)及人(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命財產的(de)安(an)全(quan)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)連(lian)降(jiang)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)，普洱歐家扁村發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)山(shan)體(ti)滑坡，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)6人(ren)(ren)死亡；1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)7日(ri)(ri)，鹽井鎮(zhen)由(you)于(yu)(yu)連(lian)降(jiang)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)山(shan)體(ti)滑坡造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)經濟損(sun)(sun)失250萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)；2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)13日(ri)(ri)，中和(he)鄉中堡村茶園一(yi)、三社由(you)于(yu)(yu)連(lian)降(jiang)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)山(shan)體(ti)滑坡，并引發(fa)泥石流，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)6．3ha耕地(di)及35間房(fang)(fang)屋被(bei)毀(hui)；2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)連(lian)降(jiang)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)，廟壩鄉民政村皮匠溝產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)山(shan)體(ti)滑坡，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)7戶(hu)13間房(fang)(fang)屋被(bei)毀(hui)，22人(ren)(ren)死亡，7人(ren)(ren)失蹤，4人(ren)(ren)受傷，摧毀(hui)橋梁1座，損(sun)(sun)壞省道(柿子至牛街)1000余m，直接經濟損(sun)(sun)失達200余萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)8日(ri)(ri)．原(yuan)艾田鄉仁和(he)村高洞子社由(you)于(yu)(yu)連(lian)降(jiang)暴(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)，加(jia)之人(ren)(ren)類工程活(huo)動加(jia)劇，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)山(shan)體(ti)滑坡，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)4間房(fang)(fang)屋被(bei)毀(hui)、5人(ren)(ren)死亡。由(you)于(yu)(yu)地(di)質(zhi)災害，造(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)直接經濟損(sun)(sun)失達3849．34萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，受威脅資產43116．40萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)。

1．2鹽津縣地質災害成(cheng)因

論文關鍵詞:地(di)(di)質災害地(di)(di)面(mian)塌陷地(di)(di)裂(lie)縫煤矸石災害治理

論文摘要(yao):本文以沙(sha)(sha)峪(yu)煤礦(kuang)(kuang)為(wei)例(li),論述(shu)了(le)煤炭(tan)開采(cai)引發的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)以及(ji)對礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)居(ju)民生活(huo)造成的(de)(de)危害(hai)。詳(xiang)細闡(chan)述(shu)了(le)沙(sha)(sha)峪(yu)煤礦(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)現狀及(ji)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)類型,對礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)內的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)面塌陷、房屋塌陷、地(di)(di)(di)裂縫以及(ji)煤矸石(shi)所造成的(de)(de)潛在威脅進(jin)(jin)行了(le)實地(di)(di)(di)調查分析,提出了(le)因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制宜治理地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)的(de)(de)綜合(he)方(fang)案,對于沙(sha)(sha)峪(yu)煤礦(kuang)(kuang)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)治理的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量進(jin)(jin)行了(le)詳(xiang)細計(ji)算,并依據建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)定(ding)額進(jin)(jin)行了(le)預算,指(zhi)出了(le)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)治理耗資不菲、工(gong)(gong)期較長(chang),進(jin)(jin)一步提出地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)要(yao)以防為(wei)主,治理與避讓相結合(he)的(de)(de)方(fang)針。

分(fen)布(bu)在山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省91個(ge)縣(區、市)的(de)小煤(mei)礦(kuang)絕大(da)部分(fen)是縣及縣以(yi)(yi)下煤(mei)礦(kuang),多(duo)(duo)數誕生于20世紀80年代。改(gai)革開放以(yi)(yi)來(lai),山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省煤(mei)礦(kuang)發(fa)展(zhan)迅猛,最多(duo)(duo)時有10000多(duo)(duo)座小煤(mei)礦(kuang)。長期(qi)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),煤(mei)礦(kuang)多(duo)(duo)、分(fen)散的(de)格局和粗放落后(hou)(hou)的(de)礦(kuang)業(ye)經(jing)濟增長方式給山(shan)(shan)西(xi)帶(dai)來(lai)了嚴重后(hou)(hou)果,資源(yuan)浪費、環境(jing)污(wu)染(ran)、生態(tai)破壞,已直(zhi)接影響到煤(mei)炭工業(ye)的(de)可持續發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)(yi)及當地居(ju)民的(de)生存環境(jing)。

1礦山環(huan)境地質(zhi)問題

以沙峪(yu)煤(mei)礦(kuang)為例,沙峪(yu)煤(mei)礦(kuang)礦(kuang)區范圍內分布著(zhu)4個行政村,農(nong)業人(ren)口2000余人(ren)。礦(kuang)區內溝谷(gu)發(fa)育,地(di)形(xing)破(po)碎,土地(di)較(jiao)貧瘠,受(shou)采煤(mei)的(de)影響,使原本(ben)脆弱的(de)生態(tai)環境日(ri)(ri)趨惡化(hua)。土地(di)退化(hua)、荒(huang)蕪、房屋裂(lie)縫(feng)、水源(yuan)干枯等環境地(di)質問題日(ri)(ri)益(yi)突出,居民的(de)基本(ben)生存條件受(shou)到嚴重威脅。煤(mei)炭的(de)大規模開采造成了(le)對(dui)礦(kuang)山(shan)環境的(de)較(jiao)大破(po)壞,采空(kong)塌陷、地(di)面裂(lie)縫(feng)、區域(yu)地(di)下水位下降、煤(mei)矸石堆(dui)放(fang)、礦(kuang)坑排(pai)水等一(yi)系列地(di)質災害和地(di)質環境問題相繼發(fa)生和出現。

沙峪煤礦是一個(ge)具有34年開采歷史的(de)集體(ti)礦山,采掘生產機械(xie)化程度中等,回(hui)采率(lv)達65%,累計原煤產量110萬,t采動(dong)面積約2.6km2。采煤活動(dong)對礦山地質環境的(de)破壞和影響,主要包(bao)括以(yi)下幾個(ge)方(fang)面。

摘要：地質災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)自然或(huo)者人(ren)為(wei)因素的作用下形成的，對(dui)人(ren)類生命財產、環境(jing)造(zao)成破壞和(he)損(sun)失的地質作用。**市近年(nian)來(lai)地質災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害發生比較頻(pin)繁，各鎮(zhen)不同程(cheng)度(du)受到(dao)災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害威脅，災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)情較為(wei)嚴重(zhong)，災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害造(zao)成的經濟(ji)損(sun)失較大。本(ben)文分析了**市地質災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害現狀，并對(dui)本(ben)市常見的幾種(zhong)地質災(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)害提出(chu)了相應的防治措(cuo)施。

關鍵詞(ci)：地質災害防治措(cuo)施(shi)

一、**市地質災害現狀

**市近年來(lai)地質災害(hai)發生比較頻繁(fan)，各鎮(zhen)(zhen)不同程(cheng)度受(shou)到災害(hai)威(wei)脅，災情較為嚴重(zhong)，災害(hai)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失較大。如西(xi)埌鎮(zhen)(zhen)西(xi)沖(chong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)大竹(zhu)根泥石流（BL-049），造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)14人，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)房40間(jian)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失27萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)；塘(tang)岸鎮(zhen)(zhen)金(jin)城村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)紅日巖崩塌（BL-348），造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)4人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)；新(xin)圩鎮(zhen)(zhen)覃沖(chong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)旺廟(miao)腳滑(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)（BL-035）造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)5人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)；大里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)冠(guan)塘(tang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)佛子沖(chong)滑(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)（BL-029）造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)4人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)房30間(jian)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失20萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)；大里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)林(lin)垌村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)斗田(tian)肚滑(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)（BL-026）造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)3人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)房15間(jian)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失10萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)；民樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)石垌村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文魁田(tian)滑(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)（BL-062）造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)5人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)，3人受(shou)傷，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)房30間(jian)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失20萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)；民樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)蘿(luo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)黃嶺山(shan)滑(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)（BL-055）造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)2人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)，3人受(shou)傷，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)房30間(jian)，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)田(tian)30畝(mu)，迫遷(qian)6戶(hu)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失200萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)；六麻鎮(zhen)(zhen)六美村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)根竹(zhu)滑(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)（BL-209）造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)3人死(si)(si)亡(wang)(wang)，毀(hui)(hui)(hui)房8間(jian)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失5萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。

二(er)、**市(shi)常見地質(zhi)災害及防治措施

據調查統(tong)計(ji)結果，**市地(di)質災(zai)害(hai)主要以人為引發地(di)質災(zai)害(hai)為主，災(zai)害(hai)種類有滑(hua)坡、泥(ni)石(shi)流、地(di)面(mian)塌陷等。

一、梧州市地質災害(hai)治理(li)的基本做法

（一）領導掛(gua)帥，把地質災(zai)害治理列為民生一號工程

2002年，廣西在(zai)全區(qu)地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)防災(zai)(zai)(zai)預案中，就已將梧州市(shi)列為(wei)地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)高(gao)發(fa)區(qu)。2003年，梧州市(shi)便(bian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)實施(shi)地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。2004年，市(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)政府正式把地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)整治(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)今后幾年工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的一號工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，專(zhuan)門(men)(men)成立了以市(shi)委(wei)書記、市(shi)長親(qin)自掛帥的地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)整治(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領導小組(zu)(zu)(zu)，全面(mian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織、指揮、協調和落實地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。同時，下(xia)設(she)領導小組(zu)(zu)(zu)辦公(gong)室，負責地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)整治(zhi)(zhi)的日(ri)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，由市(shi)國(guo)土資源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)局(ju)(ju)長擔任辦公(gong)室主任，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)由市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)大、國(guo)土局(ju)(ju)、建(jian)規委(wei)、市(shi)政局(ju)(ju)、發(fa)改委(wei)等部門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，并設(she)立了工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術組(zu)(zu)(zu)、項(xiang)目(mu)資金組(zu)(zu)(zu)、房(fang)屋拆(chai)遷組(zu)(zu)(zu)、房(fang)源(yuan)安(an)置組(zu)(zu)(zu)、綜合信息組(zu)(zu)(zu)等6個(ge)小組(zu)(zu)(zu)，按其職能分(fen)別開(kai)(kai)展工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。3個(ge)城區(qu)也相應成立地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領導小組(zu)(zu)(zu)，明(ming)確工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)責任區(qu)，有計劃(hua)、有步驟地(di)開(kai)(kai)展地(di)質災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

（二）強化責任，嚴(yan)格(ge)實(shi)施地質災害(hai)治理方(fang)案

1、制(zhi)定“6.8”災(zai)害(hai)(hai)治(zhi)理方(fang)案。“6·8”災(zai)害(hai)(hai)發生后，市(shi)(shi)委(wei)(wei)、市(shi)(shi)政府統(tong)一部署，及時組(zu)織國土局、建規委(wei)(wei)、市(shi)(shi)政局、發改委(wei)(wei)、環(huan)保局等(deng)相(xiang)關部門和單位，配合廣西(xi)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境監測總站(zhan)以及廣西(xi)水文(wen)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)勘(kan)察院(yuan)、桂林(lin)水文(wen)工(gong)程地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)勘(kan)察院(yuan)等(deng)有地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)勘(kan)探、設計、施(shi)工(gong)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)專業隊(dui)伍(wu)，對市(shi)(shi)區地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)進行(xing)詳細調查和勘(kan)測，為(wei)全市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)提供基礎資(zi)料(liao)。并編制(zhi)了《梧州市(shi)(shi)區“6·8”災(zai)害(hai)(hai)治(zhi)理方(fang)案》，根據(ju)災(zai)情(qing)及分布情(qing)況，按照“統(tong)籌安(an)排、連片治(zhi)理、方(fang)便(bian)工(gong)作(zuo)”的(de)原(yuan)則，將210個地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)點列為(wei)急(ji)需治(zhi)理的(de)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)點。該治(zhi)理方(fang)案于2006年(nian)7月28日獲(huo)市(shi)(shi)人民政府批準(zhun)實施(shi)。

對210個(ge)災(zai)害點的(de)治理工(gong)程(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)有(you)2種，一是采取截(jie)水渠、重力(li)擋土墻(qiang)、錨桿擋墻(qiang)、抗滑板樁(zhuang)、錨桿格構、掛網噴砼護坡等(deng)永久(jiu)治理工(gong)程(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)；二是采用綠化護坡、筑攔沙(sha)壩、建沉沙(sha)池、修排水渠等(deng)臨時防護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。所有(you)治理工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目均由市地質(zhi)災(zai)害整治工(gong)作領(ling)導小(xiao)組(zu)辦公(gong)室統一委(wei)托廣西3家有(you)甲(jia)級地災(zai)勘查設計資質(zhi)的(de)單(dan)位(wei)和市內3家有(you)地質(zhi)災(zai)害設計資質(zhi)的(de)單(dan)位(wei)進行勘查設計，將項(xiang)目分門別類，相對重大、危險的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目由廣西設計單(dan)位(wei)負責，相對中型及小(xiao)型工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目由梧州市內設計單(dan)位(wei)分城區限(xian)時完成。

摘要：本文(wen)作者長(chang)期從(cong)事地質(zhi)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)勘(kan)查、評(ping)估(gu)、設計和治理(li)工作，通過總(zong)結(jie)長(chang)期一(yi)線工作經(jing)驗(yan)，得出地質(zhi)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)危(wei)險性評(ping)估(gu)的幾條原(yuan)則，并提出了(le)確定(ding)地質(zhi)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)危(wei)險性評(ping)估(gu)原(yuan)則和范(fan)圍的幾點方法。

關鍵詞：地質災害危險(xian)性評(ping)估原則范圍方(fang)法

引言

《地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)防治條(tiao)例》第(di)二十一條(tiao)規(gui)定：“在地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)易(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區進(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)程建設應當在可行(xing)(xing)性研(yan)究階段進(jin)行(xing)(xing)地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)危(wei)險(xian)性評(ping)估(gu)，……。編制地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)易(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區內的城市總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)、村莊和集(ji)鎮規(gui)劃(hua)時(shi)，應當對規(gui)劃(hua)區進(jin)行(xing)(xing)地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)危(wei)險(xian)性評(ping)估(gu)。”《國土資(zi)源(yuan)部關于加強地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)危(wei)險(xian)性評(ping)估(gu)工(gong)(gong)作的通知》(國土資(zi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)［2004］69號)規(gui)定“地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)危(wei)險(xian)性評(ping)估(gu)工(gong)(gong)作分級(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。評(ping)估(gu)工(gong)(gong)作級(ji)(ji)別按建設項目的重要性和地質(zhi)(zhi)環境條(tiao)件的復雜程度分為三級(ji)(ji)。具體(ti)分級(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)和評(ping)估(gu)技術要求見《地質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)危(wei)險(xian)性評(ping)估(gu)技術要求（試行(xing)(xing)）》。”

一(yi)、地質災(zai)害(hai)危(wei)險性評估的(de)原則

1.1分級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、備案(an)的(de)原則地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分級(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)(xing)，根(gen)據地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)條件復雜程度與建設項目重要性(xing)(xing)(xing)劃分為三級(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應(ying)有充(chong)足(zu)(zu)的(de)基礎資(zi)(zi)料，進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)分論證，一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)由(you)獲(huo)得國土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門頒發的(de)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)甲級(ji)(ji)(ji)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)證書(shu)的(de)單位(wei)進行(xing)(xing)，評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)報(bao)告報(bao)省(sheng)（自治區、直轄市(shi)）國土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)廳（局）備案(an)；二級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應(ying)有足(zu)(zu)夠的(de)基礎資(zi)(zi)料，進行(xing)(xing)綜(zong)合分析，二級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)由(you)獲(huo)得國土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門頒發的(de)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)甲、乙(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)證書(shu)的(de)單位(wei)進行(xing)(xing)，評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)報(bao)告報(bao)市(shi)（地(di)）級(ji)(ji)(ji)國土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門備案(an)；三級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應(ying)有必(bi)要的(de)基礎資(zi)(zi)料進行(xing)(xing)分析，參照一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)要求的(de)內容，做出(chu)概略評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，三級(ji)(ji)(ji)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)由(you)獲(huo)得國土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門頒發的(de)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害(hai)危險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)甲、乙(yi)、丙級(ji)(ji)(ji)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)證書(shu)的(de)單位(wei)進行(xing)(xing)。

一、三峽(xia)庫區地(di)質災(zai)害治理中(zhong)存在的問題

從1990年(nian)至2005年(nian),地(di)(di)礦部、水利部、三(san)(san)(san)建委、國(guo)土(tu)資(zi)源部等(deng),撥出(chu)(chu)專項(xiang)資(zi)金對三(san)(san)(san)峽地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)問題開展了(le)專項(xiang)研究(jiu)(jiu),先后進(jin)行(xing)了(le)《長(chang)江(jiang)三(san)(san)(san)峽工(gong)程(cheng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)岸穩(wen)(wen)定性研究(jiu)(jiu)》、《長(chang)江(jiang)三(san)(san)(san)峽工(gong)程(cheng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)淹沒處(chu)理(li)(li)及移(yi)民安置(zhi)崩(beng)滑(hua)體處(chu)理(li)(li)總體規劃(hua)(hua)報告(gao)》等(deng)數十項(xiang)相關問題的專題研究(jiu)(jiu)。其中(zhong)《長(chang)江(jiang)三(san)(san)(san)峽工(gong)程(cheng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)岸穩(wen)(wen)定性研究(jiu)(jiu)》共(gong)查(cha)獲(huo)(huo)體積大(da)于10萬立方米(mi)(mi)的崩(beng)塌(ta)滑(hua)坡404處(chu),總體積29.36億(yi)立方米(mi)(mi),查(cha)獲(huo)(huo)泥(ni)石(shi)(shi)流溝(gou)90條(tiao),并(bing)對其中(zhong)26個(ge)(ge)重大(da)崩(beng)滑(hua)體進(jin)行(xing)了(le)詳細(xi)勘(kan)查(cha),對庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)查(cha)獲(huo)(huo)的崩(beng)滑(hua)體進(jin)行(xing)了(le)穩(wen)(wen)定性評價(jia)和預(yu)測(ce)分析,劃(hua)(hua)分了(le)不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)段;《長(chang)江(jiang)三(san)(san)(san)峽工(gong)程(cheng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)淹沒處(chu)理(li)(li)及移(yi)民安置(zhi)崩(beng)滑(hua)體處(chu)理(li)(li)總體規劃(hua)(hua)報告(gao)》,共(gong)查(cha)獲(huo)(huo)175米(mi)(mi)以下崩(beng)滑(hua)體1302處(chu)(含原地(di)(di)礦部“七五(wu)”查(cha)獲(huo)(huo)的崩(beng)滑(hua)體),總體積33.34億(yi)立方米(mi)(mi),對規劃(hua)(hua)為工(gong)程(cheng)防治(zhi)的有30個(ge)(ge)崩(beng)滑(hua)體;國(guo)土(tu)資(zi)源部完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了(le)三(san)(san)(san)峽庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的20個(ge)(ge)縣(市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)調查(cha),查(cha)出(chu)(chu)了(le)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)20個(ge)(ge)縣(市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu))所(suo)轄(xia)范圍內(nei)(包括三(san)(san)(san)峽庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu))地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)點5384處(chu),以滑(hua)坡、崩(beng)塌(ta)、泥(ni)石(shi)(shi)流為主,其中(zhong)滑(hua)坡3891處(chu),崩(beng)塌(ta)(含危巖(yan))617處(chu),不(bu)穩(wen)(wen)定斜坡668處(chu),泥(ni)石(shi)(shi)流溝(gou)85處(chu),地(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)陷88處(chu),地(di)(di)裂縫33條(tiao);完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了(le)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)19個(ge)(ge)縣(區(qu)(qu)(qu))地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)調查(cha),建立19個(ge)(ge)縣級(ji)監測(ce)站,初步建成(cheng)群測(ce)群防監測(ce)預(yu)報網;完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了(le)三(san)(san)(san)峽地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)風險區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua);建成(cheng)了(le)長(chang)江(jiang)三(san)(san)(san)峽庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)監測(ce)預(yu)報示(shi)范區(qu)(qu)(qu)……進(jin)入20世(shi)紀90年(nian)代以來,國(guo)家先后投入巨資(zi)對三(san)(san)(san)峽地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)治(zhi)理(li)(li)。

盡管三(san)峽(xia)地(di)(di)質災害治(zhi)理工作(zuo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)解決庫區地(di)(di)質災害,確保人(ren)民生命(ming)安(an)全和(he)(he)交通安(an)全起到了(le)(le)不容(rong)質疑的(de)(de)積極作(zuo)用,但目(mu)前的(de)(de)地(di)(di)質災害治(zhi)理卻存(cun)在(zai)著諸多問(wen)題,有(you)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方未達到治(zhi)理效果(guo),有(you)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方治(zhi)理效果(guo)不明(ming)顯,而(er)更多的(de)(de)情(qing)況是,在(zai)治(zhi)理過程中(zhong),人(ren)們忽略了(le)(le)對(dui)(dui)(dui)當地(di)(di)自然景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)與(yu)(yu)人(ren)文景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)保護與(yu)(yu)建設,對(dui)(dui)(dui)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)自然景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)人(ren)文景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)造成了(le)(le)某種程度的(de)(de)破壞(huai)(huai),使三(san)峽(xia)的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)品質大受影響,正在(zai)削弱對(dui)(dui)(dui)游人(ren)的(de)(de)吸引(yin)力。根據(ju)本文所涉及的(de)(de)內容(rong),下(xia)面對(dui)(dui)(dui)三(san)峽(xia)地(di)(di)質災害治(zhi)理中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)造成的(de)(de)影響或破壞(huai)(huai)作(zuo)一個分述。

1.三峽庫區地質災害治理對人(ren)文景觀產生的不(bu)利影響

奉節(jie)(jie)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)長(chang)(chang)江邊(bian)上(shang)(shang)(shang),地(di)(di)處長(chang)(chang)江三峽入(ru)口。此地(di)(di)不僅(jin)有舉世聞名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白帝城(cheng)(cheng),還(huan)有頗富神韻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奉節(jie)(jie)古城(cheng)(cheng),其景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)主要是通過(guo)前清時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)體來(lai)體現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。20世紀60年代以后(hou),奉節(jie)(jie)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)陸(lu)續興修了許多火(huo)柴盒似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新式建(jian)(jian)筑,但由于(yu)古城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)還(huan)在(zai),因(yin)此,從(cong)長(chang)(chang)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)過(guo)往的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游人,還(huan)能(neng)從(cong)奉節(jie)(jie)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)、伊斗門等景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)點上(shang)(shang)(shang)感受(shou)到這座(zuo)古城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史文(wen)脈(受(shou)江水冬夏(xia)落差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,從(cong)長(chang)(chang)江江面上(shang)(shang)(shang)望(wang)去,奉節(jie)(jie)老(lao)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古老(lao)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),冬季(ji)可看到三級,夏(xia)天(tian)漲水時,可看到一(yi)階)。新城(cheng)(cheng)規劃興建(jian)(jian)后(hou),奉節(jie)(jie)形成了順(shun)著長(chang)(chang)江一(yi)字排(pai)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)區格局,由于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)整體上(shang)(shang)(shang)仍建(jian)(jian)在(zai)不穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"地(di)(di)質博(bo)物(wu)院"上(shang)(shang)(shang),存在(zai)著地(di)(di)質欠穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況,為(wei)確保建(jian)(jian)筑穩(wen)固(gu)安全(quan),奉節(jie)(jie)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)沿江修建(jian)(jian)了許多擋墻(qiang)(qiang)、堡坎(kan)(kan),這些擋墻(qiang)(qiang)、堡坎(kan)(kan)既無工(gong)程美學意義,又無人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)價(jia)值意義,從(cong)某(mou)種角度說,極(ji)似一(yi)塊一(yi)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補丁嵌在(zai)了奉節(jie)(jie)新城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)江邊(bian)岸上(shang)(shang)(shang),嚴(yan)重地(di)(di)破壞原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)效果。

2.三(san)峽庫區地質災害治理對自然景觀的破壞性影響

[摘要]本文闡述(shu)了民和縣地(di)質現(xian)狀，地(di)質災害的成因，當前防災存在的問題(ti)，防災對策四個方面的內容。

[關鍵詞]地質災害現狀防治(zhi)

我縣(xian)位于青海省的(de)東部門戶，全縣(xian)總面積(ji)1893.82平(ping)方公里，全縣(xian)共有八鎮，十四個(ge)鄉政府，是全國扶貧開發(fa)(fa)(fa)重(zhong)(zhong)點縣(xian)之一，又是地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)高發(fa)(fa)(fa)區，每年汛期地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)時有發(fa)(fa)(fa)生，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)威脅著人民(min)生民(min)財產安全。因(yin)此，認(ren)清我縣(xian)地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)現(xian)狀，正確(que)處理現(xian)實(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)下地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)防治(zhi)中存在(zai)的(de)各種問(wen)題，是各級領導和(he)社(she)會公民(min)面臨的(de)新任務，也是實(shi)現(xian)社(she)會穩定，堅持科學發(fa)(fa)(fa)展觀，實(shi)現(xian)國民(min)經濟持續、快速(su)增長(chang)的(de)先決條(tiao)件(jian)。

一、我縣地質現狀

2001年(nian)省水堪(kan)院(yuan)派專家對我縣(xian)地(di)質災(zai)害(hai)情況進行(xing)了區劃與調查，共查處(chu)全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)質災(zai)害(hai)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)點(dian)63處(chu)。2004年(nian)我局對109國(guo)道泥石流做(zuo)了調查，發(fa)現泥石流隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)點(dian)2處(chu)。2005年(nian)因峽門地(di)區突降暴雨，發(fa)現2處(chu)滑坡(po)(po)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)。目前全(quan)縣(xian)共有(you)地(di)質災(zai)害(hai)隱(yin)(yin)患(huan)(huan)點(dian)67處(chu)，涉及全(quan)縣(xian)18個鄉鎮，47個行(xing)政村，其中滑坡(po)(po)49處(chu)，泥石流15處(chu)，崩塌3處(chu)，重大地(di)質災(zai)害(hai)點(dian)達(da)8處(chu)，主要分布在官亭(ting)鎮，杏兒鄉，隆治鄉，新民鄉，巴(ba)州(zhou)鎮，李二卜鎮，古山鎮等7個鄉鎮，10個行(xing)政村、263戶(hu)，2728人的生命財產安全(quan)直接受到危(wei)機。

二、地質災害的成因(yin)

一、實踐性(xing)教(jiao)學改革的必要性(xing)與緊迫性(xing)

勘(kan)(kan)查技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)以從事研究地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勘(kan)(kan)查技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方(fang)法來(lai)(lai)獲取與(yu)(yu)礦(kuang)產資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、能源(yuan)(yuan)和工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設場地有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信息(xi)，并(bing)評價其地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)或工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)，為資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)、場地利用和地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境保(bao)護服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，屬于(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)科專業(ye)(ye)(ye)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)勘(kan)(kan)查技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育中(zhong)占有(you)非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位，它(ta)不(bu)僅是(shi)培養(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)(shi)際操(cao)作技(ji)(ji)能、提高(gao)解決問題(ti)(ti)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要環(huan)節，而且(qie)是(shi)促進理(li)論(lun)(lun)與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)結合、提高(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新素養(yang)(yang)、造(zao)就具(ju)有(you)創(chuang)(chuang)新意識和創(chuang)(chuang)新能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要途徑，其作用是(shi)理(li)論(lun)(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)所(suo)不(bu)能替(ti)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此(ci)多數地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)_lI科院(yuan)校(xiao)都(dou)根(gen)據本專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況(kuang)，設置(zhi)了認識實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、生產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三大(da)(da)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)模塊。各相(xiang)關(guan)院(yuan)校(xiao)在(zai)對實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排上略有(you)差(cha)異，但(dan)大(da)(da)體(ti)來(lai)(lai)講(jiang)，大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)、二年(nian)級(ji)(ji)主要進行地質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)認識實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，三年(nian)級(ji)(ji)進行生產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，四年(nian)級(ji)(ji)開始畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。由于(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)整個教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)l與(yu)(yu)有(you)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例，在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)安(an)排上容(rong)易與(yu)(yu)理(li)論(lun)(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)其他(ta)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)相(xiang)沖突，特別是(shi)作為實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)核心部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和關(guan)鍵部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，與(yu)(yu)其他(ta)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突尤為明(ming)顯(xian)。相(xiang)對于(yu)理(li)論(lun)(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)而言，實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)具(ju)體(ti)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施、監督管(guan)理(li)、時間安(an)排等(deng)多個方(fang)面(mian)(mian)都(dou)明(ming)顯(xian)比(bi)理(li)論(lun)(lun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)困難，這是(shi)由實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊屬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)。成都(dou)理(li)T大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)勘(kan)(kan)查技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)是(shi)在(zai)不(bu)斷探索(suo)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展起來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，經(jing)過多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，已(yi)經(jing)有(you)很(hen)深的(de)(de)(de)(de)積淀(dian)，但(dan)是(shi)一(yi)些教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)組(zu)織、管(guan)理(li)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足以及與(yu)(yu)其他(ta)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾隨著社會(hui)(hui)需求(qiu)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內容(rong)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化而日益突顯(xian)出來(lai)(lai)，這些問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)不(bu)僅直接影響實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果和質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，不(bu)利于(yu)工(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展和人(ren)才培養(yang)(yang)，而且(qie)會(hui)(hui)逐漸導(dao)致專業(ye)(ye)(ye)自身(shen)與(yu)(yu)社會(hui)(hui)需求(qiu)相(xiang)脫節。因(yin)此(ci)，對勘(kan)(kan)查技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)進行改革(ge)已(yi)經(jing)刻不(bu)容(rong)緩。

二、目前實踐性(xing)教學(xue)中存(cun)在的(de)主要問(wen)題

1．師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)配(pei)置不(bu)合(he)理，新老交替(ti)與傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)欠(qian)規范(fan)師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)力量是(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心部分，建立合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)梯隊，是(shi)(shi)專業(ye)得以發(fa)展和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基石。對于(yu)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)而言，師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)力量更是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接影響實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果和(he)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵所在。近(jin)年(nian)來，隨著(zhu)一大批高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)歷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才(cai)進(jin)(jin)入高校(xiao)，成都理工(gong)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)勘查技術與工(gong)程專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)團隊中(zhong)青(qing)年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重顯(xian)著(zhu)增(zeng)長，但相對于(yu)擴招的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)而言，師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)力量還(huan)是(shi)(shi)略顯(xian)不(bu)足。由于(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)任務繁重，剛(gang)進(jin)(jin)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)尚未完(wan)成新老傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)，就走上(shang)講臺向學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)授課，并直(zhi)接參與到(dao)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)來，甚至構成了實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主體，青(qing)年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)由于(yu)科研和(he)生(sheng)產實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)經驗不(bu)足，在教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)明顯(xian)存在這(zhe)樣(yang)那(nei)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，這(zhe)必然會影響到(dao)課程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)動性(xing)、形象性(xing)和(he)深刻性(xing)，進(jin)(jin)而影響到(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量和(he)效果。因此，以青(qing)年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在師(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)配(pei)置上(shang)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)盡合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新老交替(ti)實(shi)質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)對青(qing)年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養問題，但現階段來看，實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)對青(qing)年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)養力度是(shi)(shi)不(bu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，新老交替(ti)與傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)也(ye)欠(qian)規范(fan)化和(he)細致(zhi)化。

2．科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)關(guan)系處(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)當隨著(zhu)西部大(da)開發背景條件下大(da)興土木(mu)工程建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要以(yi)(yi)(yi)及教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育體制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，我(wo)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)已(yi)經由(you)(you)原(yuan)來以(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為主轉(zhuan)向教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)并重(zhong)。適量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)提供實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)基地，加(jia)強理(li)(li)論(lun)與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)，而且可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)豐富教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容、促進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)、提高教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)水(shui)平和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，它與(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。但是(shi)(shi)近年來，我(wo)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)任(ren)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)和(he)規模遠甚從前，這就迫(po)使(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要職能(neng)由(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)向科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)偏轉(zhuan)，或者(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)由(you)(you)原(yuan)來以(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單一職能(neng)向教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)并重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)職能(neng)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，投(tou)入到教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)精力也(ye)相(xiang)對(dui)減少(shao)。多數基礎性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)任(ren)務，特別是(shi)(shi)認識實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習和(he)生產(chan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)幾乎都落在(zai)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)任(ren)務相(xiang)對(dui)較少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)年教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)身上(shang)。青(qing)年教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)隊伍由(you)(you)于(yu)經驗不(bu)足(zu)，是(shi)(shi)一個尚(shang)需加(jia)強培養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隊伍，還未(wei)構成實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堅(jian)力量(liang)(liang)，因此(ci)完全依賴青(qing)年教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，很難保證教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)效果，基礎性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足(zu)又必然(ran)后(hou)影響到畢(bi)(bi)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)工作以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)生產(chan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)。近幾年來學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生畢(bi)(bi)業論(lun)文質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)呈(cheng)下滑趨勢(shi)，應(ying)該說(shuo)(shuo)與(yu)(yu)基礎性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)高有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。因此(ci)，妥(tuo)善處(chu)理(li)(li)好科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，合(he)理(li)(li)規范教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例(li)，保證實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、老年教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)特別是(shi)(shi)具有(you)高級職稱教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)，已(yi)經成為教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刻不(bu)容緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項(xiang)任(ren)務。

3．教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)理(li)與(yu)監(jian)(jian)督不(bu)力我校(xiao)勘查技(ji)術與(yu)工程(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)該專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最后一(yi)(yi)次(ci)實踐(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)主要(yao)(yao)服務于畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撰寫，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)不(bu)可能(neng)像認識實習(xi)(xi)(xi)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)那樣(yang)具有(you)統一(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和整體性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃。實踐(jian)場所(suo)、工程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)主題等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同使畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)更具有(you)個性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)化特(te)色。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)實踐(jian)場所(suo)，往(wang)往(wang)受教(jiao)師科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)意愿(yuan)等多(duo)方(fang)(fang)面因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致約(yue)。近年來，畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人數較(jiao)多(duo)，教(jiao)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)任務往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)能(neng)滿足所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)。此(ci)(ci)外，根據(ju)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)已的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意愿(yuan)，每(mei)(mei)年都有(you)部(bu)分學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)主動要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)到(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)開展畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計，還有(you)部(bu)分單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)強烈要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)簽約(yue)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)必(bi)須到(dao)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)。實踐(jian)場所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分散性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)實踐(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)理(li)帶來較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)涉及(ji)到(dao)委托(tuo)第三方(fang)(fang)進行代管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題時，其(qi)可操作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)低，在實際執行時也(ye)大打折扣(kou)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)參(can)與(yu)實踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，完全(quan)(quan)取(qu)決于學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)覺程(cheng)(cheng)度。而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)決定了“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)任務第一(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處事原(yuan)則，在對待實習(xi)(xi)(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)問(wen)題上并(bing)(bing)不(bu)嚴(yan)格，有(you)些單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)雖然主動要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)，但并(bing)(bing)不(bu)是(shi)剛好有(you)合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)本科(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文選題，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)多(duo)數情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)實際參(can)與(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)與(yu)最終(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文支撐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)完全(quan)(quan)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，更有(you)甚者，連(lian)工程(cheng)(cheng)現場都沒(mei)有(you)去(qu)過，就直(zhi)接將早已完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)報告拿來作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)論(lun)文。即便有(you)些去(qu)過工程(cheng)(cheng)現場，也(ye)僅僅是(shi)“走馬觀花”地了解(jie)一(yi)(yi)下(xia)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本情(qing)況(kuang)，并(bing)(bing)沒(mei)有(you)開展實質(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野外調研(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)。這(zhe)種現象在其(qi)他專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)中也(ye)是(shi)相當普遍(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)每(mei)(mei)年到(dao)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)往(wang)往(wang)存在較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。資料收(shou)集不(bu)齊全(quan)(quan)、收(shou)集資料與(yu)實際不(bu)吻合等是(shi)最為(wei)(wei)常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)來就導(dao)致其(qi)畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)文質(zhi)量一(yi)(yi)般都低于參(can)與(yu)教(jiao)師科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)文質(zhi)量。很顯(xian)然，對到(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)開展畢(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)實習(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)缺乏(fa)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)督和管(guan)理(li)，是(shi)影響本次(ci)實踐(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。

【摘要】隨著(zhu)地(di)(di)質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)發生頻率越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)，人們的(de)(de)日常生活受到了極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)影響，一旦發生地(di)(di)質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)，會給人們的(de)(de)生命財產(chan)造成(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)威脅，因此，加(jia)大(da)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)地(di)(di)質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)力度迫不及待(dai)。論文對地(di)(di)質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)存在(zai)的(de)(de)問題進行分(fen)析(xi)，進而(er)對加(jia)強(qiang)地(di)(di)質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)施工質量控(kong)制措施進行深入探(tan)討，以(yi)期(qi)為提(ti)高(gao)地(di)(di)質災(zai)害(hai)(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)水平提(ti)供有效參考。

【關鍵詞】地質災害；安全治理；質量控制；策略

1地質(zhi)災(zai)害治理(li)施(shi)工(gong)問題分析(xi)

導致(zhi)地質災害(hai)治理施(shi)工(gong)(gong)存(cun)在(zai)問題的原因主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括2個方面：一方面是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員自(zi)身(shen)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)不(bu)過(guo)(guo)硬(ying)。對(dui)于地質災害(hai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，若施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的專業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)水平較低(di)，專業知識儲備不(bu)足(zu)，會(hui)(hui)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)產生不(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響[1]。例如，焊(han)接(jie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員焊(han)接(jie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)水平不(bu)足(zu)，缺乏豐富(fu)的實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作經驗(yan)，在(zai)焊(han)接(jie)過(guo)(guo)程中難免會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現焊(han)渣、焊(han)接(jie)不(bu)牢、穿孔等問題，難以確(que)保施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。另一方面是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制意識薄弱。確(que)保施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理的根本(ben)目的，然(ran)而在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中存(cun)在(zai)較多施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制意識較為薄弱的問題，在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作中對(dui)自(zi)身(shen)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)夠嚴(yan)格，沒(mei)有(you)(you)從思(si)想意識上(shang)重視(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制問題，進而導致(zhi)放低(di)了自(zi)我要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，未能(neng)真正重視(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)問題，沒(mei)有(you)(you)采取有(you)(you)效措施(shi)充分將(jiang)地質災害(hai)治理施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制措施(shi)落實(shi)(shi)到(dao)位。

2加強地質(zhi)災害治理施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)控制相關措施(shi)

現階段(duan)，我(wo)國針對存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)錨(mao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、俢砌(qi)石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)擋(dang)墻(qiang)、抗(kang)(kang)滑樁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)強化措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，如(ru)(ru)圖1所示。2.1錨(mao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。針對滑坡地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)，錨(mao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)著(zhu)較(jiao)為廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，發揮著(zhu)加固防滑作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)強化錨(mao)索(suo)(suo)(suo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。首先(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)必須(xu)滿足(zu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)強度(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)防腐方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)具備較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)安裝便(bian)利性(xing)(xing)(xing)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)山體(ti)(ti)或地(di)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。其次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)專業審核(he)標(biao)準控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)大小及(ji)深(shen)度(du)(du)，并(bing)(bing)確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)腳手架有(you)(you)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)，避免(mian)腳手架移(yi)動對鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)造(zao)成(cheng)影(ying)(ying)響[2]。對于(yu)塌(ta)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，必須(xu)引起重視(shi)，一旦出(chu)現必須(xu)立(li)即(ji)停止(zhi)(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，并(bing)(bing)采(cai)(cai)取注漿(jiang)法等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)加固處理(li)(li)，加固徹(che)底(di)完成(cheng)后才(cai)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。再者(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)減(jian)小鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)誤(wu)差(cha)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。最(zui)后，在(zai)(zai)(zai)注漿(jiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)注漿(jiang)原始(shi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)攪拌均勻、充(chong)(chong)(chong)分，將(jiang)漿(jiang)液(ye)倒(dao)入漿(jiang)液(ye)攪拌機之前，必須(xu)將(jiang)管道(dao)內雜物清洗干凈，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)漿(jiang)液(ye)注射具有(you)(you)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，使管道(dao)內部(bu)填漿(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分。認真檢查管道(dao)底(di)部(bu)，對未填充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)。如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)可有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，將(jiang)滑坡等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2.2修砌(qi)石(shi)擋(dang)墻(qiang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。山體(ti)(ti)滑坡、崩塌(ta)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害防治(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，漿(jiang)砌(qi)石(shi)擋(dang)墻(qiang)有(you)(you)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)攔(lan)截(jie)、阻擋(dang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法阻止(zhi)(zhi)山體(ti)(ti)滑坡災(zai)(zai)(zai)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。首先(xian)(xian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備，充(chong)(chong)(chong)分了(le)解施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang)，按要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)邊線(xian)、基準點、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)位(wei)置(zhi)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，節約施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)。其次(ci)，基槽開挖(wa)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照(zhao)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)準控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其開挖(wa)深(shen)度(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)規模，若(ruo)遇到(dao)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)取更(geng)換填充(chong)(chong)(chong)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)后續(xu)(xu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)砌(qi)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢查與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，預(yu)先(xian)(xian)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)砂石(shi)、水(shui)泥等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配比(bi)試驗(yan)，確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分滿足(zu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，砌(qi)筑(zhu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)同步做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)排水(shui)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。2.3抗(kang)(kang)滑樁施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)灌注樁施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，抗(kang)(kang)滑樁施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案也是(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵環節，因此(ci)(ci)，必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：（1）樁位(wei)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)分了(le)解樁位(wei)情況(kuang)確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)樁位(wei)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)(que)(que)，不允許出(chu)現較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)。（2）挖(wa)樁過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。關(guan)鍵在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)預(yu)先(xian)(xian)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勘測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尺寸、好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)樁孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深(shen)度(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)理(li)(li)設(she)計(ji)，并(bing)(bing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)挖(wa)掘底(di)部(bu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)預(yu)先(xian)(xian)設(she)計(ji)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)之間(jian)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持在(zai)(zai)(zai)約10m停止(zhi)(zhi)挖(wa)樁。（3）灌注混凝土。這是(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)牢固性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵步驟(zou)，因此(ci)(ci)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)及(ji)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分滿足(zu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，將(jiang)誤(wu)差(cha)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)最(zui)小范(fan)圍，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)混凝土振(zhen)搗過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，避免(mian)對孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洞造(zao)成(cheng)破壞。（4）做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)驗(yan)收(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。驗(yan)收(shou)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對各(ge)個鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小、深(shen)度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)數據進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審查，若(ruo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)驗(yan)收(shou)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)發現問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)必須(xu)立(li)即(ji)整改，避免(mian)后續(xu)(xu)使用(yong)出(chu)現質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)[3]。對于(yu)混凝土施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)參(can)照(zhao)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)準，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢驗(yan)技(ji)術(shu)、手段(duan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢查，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。2.4施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)階段(duan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個階段(duan)，必須(xu)采(cai)(cai)取有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)手段(duan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)各(ge)項(xiang)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，如(ru)(ru)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案、做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)準備、落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)預(yu)算工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對可能(neng)(neng)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)預(yu)測與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定防控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)下縮短(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，降低成(cheng)本(ben)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排，結(jie)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)崗位(wei)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)合(he)理(li)(li)配置(zhi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，完善責任(ren)追(zhui)究制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)動性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)規范(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)技(ji)術(shu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)勘查工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)消除施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全隱患。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)還應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)強化施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)培(pei)訓，使其充(chong)(chong)(chong)掌握施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)，更(geng)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)地(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。完成(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)數與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)計(ji)數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)誤(wu)差(cha)檢驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對于(yu)驗(yan)收(shou)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)整改措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，并(bing)(bing)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)后續(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)理(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)跟蹤工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，確(que)(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害治(zhi)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。

為了減少礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)建設和生產活動(dong)造成的礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)地質環境(jing)問題及(ji)地質災害，改善礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)地質環境(jing)和生態環境(jing)，促進(jin)礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)地質環境(jing)問題治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)作的規范(fan)化，需要對開采礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)開展礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)地質環境(jing)保護與恢復治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)作。

1礦山地質背景

1.1地層巖性

舉例煤礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)區位于(yu)太行(xing)山(shan)中南段的澤州盆(pen)地(di)北(bei)(bei)端，地(di)勢總(zong)體(ti)為(wei)南高北(bei)(bei)低。礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)區南部(bu)出露大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)下石(shi)盒(he)子(zi)組(zu)地(di)層(ceng)，上(shang)石(shi)盒(he)子(zi)組(zu)地(di)層(ceng)在井田內零星出露，礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)區中部(bu)、北(bei)(bei)部(bu)大(da)(da)部(bu)分區域被黃土(tu)覆蓋(gai)。礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)區處于(yu)太行(xing)山(shan)復背斜與沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)復向斜之間(jian)，位于(yu)華北(bei)(bei)板塊山(shan)西(xi)(xi)板內造山(shan)帶沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)板拗太行(xing)塊隆西(xi)(xi)側、晉獲褶斷帶西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)側。

1.2水文地(di)質條件(jian)

礦區(qu)處(chu)于沁水盆地中段東部，屬高平—晉城盆地三姑泉域水文地質單元，區(qu)域內地下(xia)水類(lei)(lei)型主要存在碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)鹽巖(yan)類(lei)(lei)、碎屑(xie)巖(yan)夾碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)鹽巖(yan)類(lei)(lei)裂隙(xi)、碎屑(xie)巖(yan)類(lei)(lei)裂隙(xi)、松散巖(yan)類(lei)(lei)孔隙(xi)3個含水巖(yan)組。