導語(yu)：如何才能(neng)寫好一篇工程(cheng)市場(chang)論文(wen)，這就需要(yao)搜集整理(li)更多(duo)的資料和文(wen)獻(xian)，歡迎閱讀(du)由(you)公(gong)務員之(zhi)家整理(li)的十(shi)篇范文(wen)，供你借(jie)鑒。

篇1

1．1技術問題建筑工程項(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜，工(gong)(gong)序相互穿插，材料(liao)品(pin)種(zhong)繁多(duo)，工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)班組多(duo)，在(zai)現(xian)(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中，又受到施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境、氣(qi)候變化、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件等客觀條件的(de)(de)制約，這就要求現(xian)(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員做好各項(xiang)技術準備(bei)，并能根據(ju)實際情況(kuang)的(de)(de)變化靈(ling)活(huo)處(chu)理發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)突發(fa)事件。而在(zai)現(xian)(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理中，擁有這種(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理協(xie)調(diao)能力的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)是很(hen)匱乏的(de)(de)，很(hen)多(duo)企業(ye)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負責人(ren)(ren)不具備(bei)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理人(ren)(ren)員應具備(bei)的(de)(de)專業(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理才能，使(shi)得產生(sheng)一些技術問(wen)題(ti)。

1．2材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)問題(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是影響工(gong)程(cheng)實體質量的(de)(de)最(zui)直(zhi)接最(zui)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)因素，因此，材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)是提高工(gong)程(cheng)質量的(de)(de)重(zhong)要保(bao)證。而很多施工(gong)企業中(zhong)，并沒有相應的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)理(li)制度體系(xi)，分散采(cai)購(gou)模式導致(zhi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采(cai)購(gou)混亂，對材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)供應、存(cun)放(fang)也沒有嚴格的(de)(de)規定，這些管(guan)理(li)上的(de)(de)漏洞造成材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)存(cun)放(fang)不當(dang)、變質銹蝕厲害(hai)、使用效率低、采(cai)購(gou)人員購(gou)買材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)以(yi)次(ci)充好、中(zhong)飽(bao)私(si)囊等各(ge)種問題(ti)。

1．3工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)組(zu)(zu)織問(wen)題(ti)建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)現(xian)場管理的(de)施工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織能力(li)往往代(dai)表工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)建設(she)的(de)執行能力(li)，在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中可能會發生(sheng)各種突發狀況，例如材料供應(ying)、各階段施工(gong)(gong)出現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)返工(gong)(gong)、人員勞動(dong)力(li)機械組(zu)(zu)織無法(fa)滿足施工(gong)(gong)要求，就無法(fa)根(gen)據設(she)計好的(de)施工(gong)(gong)步(bu)驟來調動(dong)施工(gong)(gong)材料和人員發揮其應(ying)有的(de)能力(li)，導致工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度(du)進(jin)展推遲，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)交付延期的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)，因此，項目(mu)施工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)項目(mu)順利(li)完成的(de)保證。

1．4工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，現場管(guan)理(li)最(zui)主要的(de)(de)部分就是(shi)對已建成完工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)驗(yan)，包括對材料(liao)和資源進(jin)行(xing)預檢(jian)，在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)嚴格按照施工(gong)(gong)及驗(yan)收規范(fan)檢(jian)驗(yan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等等，當下很(hen)多工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題就是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)建設(she)中(zhong)沒有進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)面而(er)科學的(de)(de)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)，對單項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(特別(bie)是(shi)隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))驗(yan)收持不(bu)甚眾(zhong)態度，導致(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)建設(she)不(bu)達標(biao)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)諸(zhu)多隱患，造(zao)成的(de)(de)損失(shi)之大可(ke)想而(er)知。

1．5施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問題(ti)(ti)建筑(zhu)行(xing)業是一個高(gao)危施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)業，現(xian)(xian)如今我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目現(xian)(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，導致建筑(zhu)行(xing)業成為我(wo)國(guo)職業安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事故發生(sheng)率最高(gao)的(de)行(xing)業之一。總(zong)體來說，造成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中出現(xian)(xian)的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)即(ji)有(you)人為原(yuan)因(yin)，也(ye)有(you)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上的(de)疏漏(lou)，人為原(yuan)因(yin)主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識差，隨心所(suo)欲以及(ji)一些(xie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的(de)壞(huai)習慣(guan)，管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上的(de)疏漏(lou)則表(biao)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)防護(hu)不(bu)(bu)當(dang)，購買(mai)設(she)備設(she)施(shi)有(you)缺陷，管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)對安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)認識不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)的(de)崗前安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)培訓(xun)教(jiao)育不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)等等，總(zong)之，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問題(ti)(ti)是現(xian)(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)問題(ti)(ti)中的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)問題(ti)(ti)，做好(hao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)才能(neng)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中有(you)序的(de)進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

1．6人(ren)員管(guan)(guan)(guan)理問(wen)題(ti)人(ren)是項目施工過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)關鍵，所有的(de)(de)項目工程(cheng)(cheng)都由人(ren)來實現(xian)。施工現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理是將施工現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理秩序控(kong)制起來，這就需要管(guan)(guan)(guan)理人(ren)員充分意識到自己的(de)(de)責任(ren)，加強人(ren)員管(guan)(guan)(guan)理。然而，現(xian)實中(zhong)很多建筑企業的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理人(ren)員水平能力參(can)差不(bu)(bu)齊，導致現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理混亂無序，各部門之間職責不(bu)(bu)明，施工人(ren)員素質不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，缺乏(fa)時間和質量觀，由此而發生的(de)(de)工期(qi)延誤、質檢不(bu)(bu)合(he)格(ge)等問(wen)題(ti)，給工程(cheng)(cheng)建設帶來直(zhi)接的(de)(de)安全(quan)隱患。

2加強現場施工管(guan)理(li)的重要措施

2．1建立技術人(ren)才管理體系(xi)

2．1．1建立人(ren)才(cai)開(kai)發機(ji)(ji)制建立公(gong)開(kai)、公(gong)平(ping)、公(gong)正(zheng)的(de)用(yong)人(ren)機(ji)(ji)制和(he)(he)薪酬體(ti)系，使得一些優(you)秀的(de)專業(ye)技術員工能夠(gou)脫(tuo)穎而出(chu)，解決以往的(de)論資(zi)排輩問題(ti)，為優(you)秀人(ren)才(cai)提供好的(de)機(ji)(ji)會和(he)(he)舞臺(tai)，使得各個層次的(de)人(ren)才(cai)都有表(biao)現自己(ji)才(cai)能的(de)機(ji)(ji)會。

2．1．2建立人才選拔(ba)機制通過多種渠道(dao)引起專業(ye)技術人才，采用有效的(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)機制，實行競(jing)聘(pin)上崗，同時打開晉升通道(dao)，避免專業(ye)技術人才到(dao)達一定職(zhi)業(ye)高度以后難以升值加薪(xin)而不得不放棄自己專業(ye)的(de)(de)情況發生。

2．1．3建立(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才培訓(xun)機(ji)制結合專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才的職業(ye)規劃，積極(ji)探索有(you)效的培訓(xun)機(ji)制和(he)方法，制定出(chu)一整套(tao)有(you)步驟、層次(ci)分(fen)明的系統性培訓(xun)制度(du)，定期對(dui)不(bu)同專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員進行(xing)不(bu)同的培訓(xun)，同時應根據培訓(xun)效果不(bu)斷(duan)優化培訓(xun)內(nei)容，定期組織(zhi)內(nei)部(bu)講座、技術(shu)(shu)研討會，以分(fen)享經驗(yan)，提升隊伍技術(shu)(shu)水平。

2．2加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理在(zai)現(xian)(xian)場施工(gong)管(guan)理中(zhong)，應(ying)建(jian)立起材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)統一管(guan)理制度，對(dui)于材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)購、供應(ying)、存儲和發放(fang)都(dou)應(ying)該(gai)進行科(ke)學控(kong)制。采(cai)購人員應(ying)提高(gao)對(dui)建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)鑒定水平，了解相關知(zhi)識，以(yi)保(bao)證所購買的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)符合工(gong)程施工(gong)技術要求(qiu)，同時加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)庫房(fang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)理，所需要的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、設備以(yi)及(ji)其他物件應(ying)該(gai)有條理的(de)(de)(de)定置擺放(fang)，按照建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)特定性質存放(fang)，確保(bao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)出現(xian)(xian)腐(fu)蝕，保(bao)證材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質量，施工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場應(ying)清除不(bu)(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)物品，保(bao)證現(xian)(xian)場材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)堆(dui)放(fang)整潔(jie)，對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)供應(ying)量和使用率要進行記載(zai)和規整，嚴格規定建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)定額，避免材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)浪費(fei)。

2．3強化(hua)人員(yuan)施工安全意識，做好(hao)現場施工安全措施

2．3．1加強(qiang)施工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員安(an)(an)全(quan)知(zhi)識培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)要強(qiang)化人(ren)(ren)(ren)員施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)意(yi)識，首(shou)先就應該對(dui)施工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員進行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)教育(yu)(yu)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，提高建(jian)筑施工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)防患(huan)意(yi)識，如要求每年(nian)進行(xing)一次安(an)(an)全(quan)操作規(gui)范訓(xun)練和(he)再教育(yu)(yu)，對(dui)危險性較大的(de)公眾進行(xing)專門的(de)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)合格(ge)者方能上崗，規(gui)定培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)的(de)時(shi)間，培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員等措施來(lai)保(bao)證安(an)(an)全(quan)教育(yu)(yu)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)的(de)有效性和(he)長效性。

2．3．2完(wan)善安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)體(ti)系施工現場安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)體(ti)系是一(yi)種安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)模式，它包(bao)含著豐(feng)富的內容。安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)體(ti)系包(bao)括了安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法律(lv)法規(gui)(gui)體(ti)系以及(ji)(ji)規(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)(du)，企(qi)業的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)機構和(he)組織體(ti)系，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)責任體(ti)系、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教育和(he)技術培(pei)訓體(ti)系以及(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)稽(ji)查體(ti)系。企(qi)業要(yao)建(jian)立(li)(li)起完(wan)善的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)體(ti)系，首先就(jiu)要(yao)完(wan)善安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)規(gui)(gui)范，明確人(ren)員責任，同時建(jian)立(li)(li)起安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)稽(ji)查隊伍(wu)，對安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱(yin)患進(jin)行排查，對相關人(ren)員定期培(pei)訓等(deng)一(yi)系列(lie)措(cuo)施來(lai)建(jian)立(li)(li)完(wan)善的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)體(ti)系，保證安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)作(zuo)業。

2．4規范工程項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工組(zu)織管(guan)理(li)(li)工程項(xiang)目(mu)組(zu)織管(guan)理(li)(li)需要對(dui)各(ge)專(zhuan)業供方的(de)服務進行統一(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li)，因(yin)此(ci)，施(shi)工企業應(ying)明(ming)確(que)項(xiang)目(mu)組(zu)織機構和管(guan)理(li)(li)班子(zi)人(ren)員(yuan)，明(ming)確(que)管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)崗位責任，建立起事故問(wen)(wen)題匯報制度(du)，實行質量、目(mu)標(biao)組(zu)織管(guan)理(li)(li)方針(zhen)，定(ding)(ding)期組(zu)織會議進行溝(gou)通，解(jie)(jie)決(jue)問(wen)(wen)題，并(bing)且針(zhen)對(dui)突發事件(jian)不定(ding)(ding)期召開(kai)專(zhuan)題會議，討論并(bing)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)待定(ding)(ding)問(wen)(wen)題，并(bing)盡快做出整(zheng)改、處理(li)(li)和澄(cheng)清(qing)，同時，管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)不斷自覺提高自身組(zu)織管(guan)理(li)(li)水平，以應(ying)對(dui)各(ge)種突發事件(jian)的(de)發生(sheng)。

2．5嚴格建筑(zhu)工程的質量(liang)管理

2．5．1建立(li)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)制度(du)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)中，建筑公司應建立(li)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)制度(du)，作(zuo)業人員(yuan)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時(shi)整理(li)好(hao)各種(zhong)資(zi)(zi)料，組長(chang)做好(hao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)日記，采(cai)用計算(suan)機管(guan)理(li)相關(guan)技術資(zi)(zi)料，有(you)關(guan)負責(ze)人要(yao)經(jing)常檢(jian)查各種(zhong)記錄和(he)報告，嚴卡質(zhi)量關(guan)，發現問題及(ji)時(shi)處理(li)。

2．5．2嚴(yan)格檢(jian)查監督(du)施(shi)工企業要有嚴(yan)格的監督(du)檢(jian)查措施(shi)，才能(neng)確保工程(cheng)質量，企業應該堅持(chi)按程(cheng)序合理組織(zhi)施(shi)工，對技術(shu)關(guan)、質量關(guan)以及影響工程(cheng)質量的哥哥環節都要嚴(yan)格把控，對各項工序要全程(cheng)跟蹤(zong)監督(du)，嚴(yan)格驗收標準，對不(bu)合格的工程(cheng)堅決重做。

2．5．3抓(zhua)住(zhu)關(guan)鍵，加(jia)強薄弱環(huan)(huan)節(jie)控制(zhi)施工(gong)企業應該對(dui)工(gong)程的(de)薄弱環(huan)(huan)節(jie)應加(jia)強控制(zhi)，如樓板裂縫、防(fang)(fang)水處理、防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)措施等。嚴防(fang)(fang)一些質量(liang)通(tong)(tong)病(bing)(bing)，提高工(gong)程質量(liang)，將通(tong)(tong)病(bing)(bing)例(li)作為重點檢驗項目(mu)。在(zai)施工(gong)前，提醒施工(gong)工(gong)人(ren)注(zhu)意對(dui)一些薄弱環(huan)(huan)節(jie)和容(rong)易(yi)發生問題的(de)通(tong)(tong)病(bing)(bing)進行提醒，有效防(fang)(fang)止質量(liang)通(tong)(tong)病(bing)(bing)的(de)發生。、

2．6加強施工(gong)人員管(guan)理

2．6．1加強團隊合作精神(shen)團隊精神(shen)包含著導向、凝聚(ju)、激(ji)勵和(he)控(kong)制的作用，有利于團隊的有效(xiao)管理，要培(pei)養和(he)營(ying)造良好的團隊精神(shen)，就需要有良好的溝通(tong)和(he)激(ji)勵機(ji)制，注重協調各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)關(guan)系，聽(ting)取各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)成員的意見，運用激(ji)勵、評價(jia)的方(fang)法(fa)手段激(ji)勵員工(gong)完成各(ge)自目(mu)標，從而實(shi)現項目(mu)整體目(mu)標的實(shi)現。

篇2

關鍵詞：施工現(xian)場；成(cheng)本管控(kong)；人工成(cheng)本

成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)是動態管(guan)(guan)控(kong)，它是在(zai)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展和(he)科技(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動下，漸(jian)漸(jian)從(cong)傳(chuan)統(tong)化向(xiang)精細化管(guan)(guan)理模式(shi)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)，促使成本(ben)降低的(de)(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)應在(zai)科技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)，而(er)不(bu)應局限于(yu)節約開支。施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)不(bu)僅(jin)要縮緊(jin)成本(ben)開支，還要在(zai)結(jie)合(he)施工(gong)生產(chan)部(bu)分(fen)、工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)術部(bu)分(fen)及品(pin)牌感召(zhao)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，對人和(he)事加以(yi)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)，通過降低能耗及技(ji)(ji)術、工(gong)藝、產(chan)品(pin)領(ling)域推陳(chen)出新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法加強成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)，從(cong)而(er)實現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)資(zi)本(ben)升(sheng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)升(sheng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益升(sheng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展貢獻(xian)力(li)量。在(zai)政府(fu)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)“大(da)(da)眾(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)、萬眾(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)號(hao)召(zhao)下，以(yi)科技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)為重點(dian)，加大(da)(da)科技(ji)(ji)研究投(tou)(tou)入(ru)，利用(yong)互(hu)聯網和(he)大(da)(da)數據，將有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)到(dao)新(xin)設施、新(xin)科技(ji)(ji)、新(xin)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究上，吸取國(guo)(guo)際國(guo)(guo)內(nei)先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理機制的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)，以(yi)降低運營成本(ben)、提升(sheng)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益。

1控制人工成本

1.1對項目管理人員推(tui)行有效管理

將成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)控工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)做好的(de)(de)(de)第一要(yao)(yao)(yao)素(su)就(jiu)(jiu)是明(ming)白成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)控要(yao)(yao)(yao)求全部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)實施項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)控不(bu)單單是項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)者的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，也是該工(gong)程項目(mu)其他工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)共同工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容。要(yao)(yao)(yao)讓全體(ti)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)樹立經(jing)濟思維，就(jiu)(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)做到以(yi)下幾(ji)點：（1）為(wei)(wei)了(le)明(ming)確(que)(que)在施工(gong)中遇到問(wen)題(ti)后由(you)(you)哪一方(fang)(fang)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)，項目(mu)經(jing)理(li)與公司領導以(yi)簽訂責(ze)(ze)任(ren)書的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式規避(bi)這一問(wen)題(ti)。如(ru)果(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)在既定(ding)范(fan)圍里(li)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)超出損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)針對(dui)具體(ti)問(wen)題(ti)參照(zhao)一定(ding)比例(li)將獎(jiang)金予以(yi)降低(di)(di)；如(ru)果(guo)工(gong)程項目(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降低(di)(di)，即成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)虧(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)低(di)(di)于預(yu)期成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)計劃(hua)，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)參照(zhao)一定(ding)比例(li)將獎(jiang)金予以(yi)提(ti)高。（2）要(yao)(yao)(yao)求項目(mu)部(bu)各個負責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)分別獨立擔(dan)(dan)責(ze)(ze)并簽署責(ze)(ze)任(ren)狀，做到責(ze)(ze)任(ren)分攤。明(ming)確(que)(que)每個項目(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)擔(dan)(dan)負的(de)(de)(de)職責(ze)(ze)，誰(shui)負責(ze)(ze)就(jiu)(jiu)由(you)(you)誰(shui)來擔(dan)(dan)責(ze)(ze)。如(ru)若做到了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降低(di)(di)，那么(me)節約(yue)下來的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)3%可作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)相(xiang)關負責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)獎(jiang)勵；但如(ru)果(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)提(ti)升(sheng)，且是認為(wei)(wei)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)虧(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)相(xiang)關負責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)進行扣除成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)虧(kui)(kui)損(sun)(sun)(sun)額的(de)(de)(de)1%的(de)(de)(de)處罰。

1.2對施工人員進行管控

（1）項目開始后(hou)，需要(yao)(yao)針對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作量、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)數量、出勤率(lv)及(ji)(ji)加班問(wen)(wen)題(ti)嚴格管控。在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，作為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每天提前(qian)安排(pai)好每個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，如(ru)出現(xian)消極怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不明確、人(ren)(ren)員分配不合理(li)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時予以解(jie)決。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)數量要(yao)(yao)符(fu)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作計劃，由(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)安排(pai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)遇到特(te)殊問(wen)(wen)題(ti)時可(ke)以適量增減施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)數。（2）為(wei)了(le)明確項目經理(li)與民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)任，雙方(fang)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)簽訂(ding)責(ze)(ze)任書、或者(zhe)承包書。依照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)不同(tong)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)數量予以明確，由(you)雙方(fang)分別負(fu)責(ze)(ze)某一部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。通過(guo)(guo)這種(zhong)方(fang)式可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程管控過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)避免(mian)出現(xian)一些(xie)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，幫(bang)助項目經理(li)和民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)分攤(tan)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作量，最終實現(xian)降低(di)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本。

2管(guan)控好(hao)工(gong)程材(cai)料費用(yong)

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)時項目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本中極為(wei)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分，必須對(dui)它(ta)合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)和安排才能控(kong)(kong)制好整個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總成(cheng)(cheng)本。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)都應對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)費(fei)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)問題(ti)(ti)高度(du)注意(yi)。應該(gai)參(can)照施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖明確(que)(que)(que)列出(chu)涉及(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型號、數目(mu)(mu)(mu)，各個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)（詢價(jia)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)、采購(gou)(gou)(gou)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)、倉(cang)儲階(jie)(jie)段(duan)及(ji)現場(chang)(chang)使用階(jie)(jie)段(duan)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)以(yi)下(xia)幾點：（1）項目(mu)(mu)(mu)中標(biao)后(hou)(hou)，項目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)理(li)(li)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)與相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)所用材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金額(e)(e)明細(xi)(xi)逐一(yi)核(he)對(dui)，是(shi)否(fou)與項目(mu)(mu)(mu)設(she)計(ji)圖一(yi)致，對(dui)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量及(ji)金額(e)(e)進(jin)行反復(fu)確(que)(que)(que)認(ren)，確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)數量與標(biao)書(shu)是(shi)否(fou)相同。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)價(jia)格(ge)有(you)一(yi)個波動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍，采購(gou)(gou)(gou)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責(ze)就是(shi)做(zuo)到(dao)合理(li)(li)預測價(jia)格(ge)走(zou)勢，爭(zheng)取拿到(dao)最合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)價(jia)格(ge)。（2）在(zai)(zai)倉(cang)儲階(jie)(jie)段(duan)加大對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)，規范材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)出(chu)，限額(e)(e)、定(ding)額(e)(e)領用材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入(ru)庫(ku)、領用、退(tui)庫(ku)及(ji)報(bao)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節加強管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)力度(du)。規范材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)審(shen)批流程(cheng)，針(zhen)對(dui)采購(gou)(gou)(gou)量大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)及(ji)報(bao)損數目(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)必須在(zai)(zai)報(bao)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)審(shen)批。按(an)照施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)，材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領用、使用、結(jie)存、報(bao)損等數據一(yi)一(yi)明確(que)(que)(que)列出(chu)，并將(jiang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)庫(ku)存明細(xi)(xi)提(ti)交財(cai)務加以(yi)審(shen)核(he)，爭(zheng)取做(zuo)到(dao)預計(ji)與實(shi)際支出(chu)一(yi)致，降低材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)費(fei)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差。針(zhen)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立切實(shi)可行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獎(jiang)懲措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節約或(huo)浪費(fei)與主要(yao)(yao)(yao)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)利益掛鉤(gou)。（3）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)。當施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)運(yun)送至工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地后(hou)(hou)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)現場(chang)(chang)沒(mei)有(you)做(zuo)好有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)，使得材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)暴曬、浸水或(huo)其他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)踩踏(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)報(bao)廢，無法(fa)應用在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)中，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪費(fei)。因(yin)(yin)而一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)思(si)想意(yi)識(shi)上對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)員(yuan)及(ji)現場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)行教育，使得材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)得到(dao)有(you)效管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)。材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)領用時要(yao)(yao)(yao)精確(que)(que)(que)核(he)算，適量領取。（4）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本保護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作也是(shi)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)。許多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地在(zai)(zai)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)，由于各種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)推遲了(le)驗收(shou)時間(jian)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)擱置。在(zai)(zai)真正進(jin)行項目(mu)(mu)(mu)驗收(shou)之前就必須對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)做(zuo)好保護，避免(mian)(mian)因(yin)(yin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損傷產生材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)浪費(fei)和維修(xiu)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。合理(li)(li)調度(du)各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，避免(mian)(mian)因(yin)(yin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互影響(xiang)損傷現場(chang)(chang)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)不必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加。

3做好機(ji)械費用的成本管控(kong)

機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)費在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總成本(ben)(ben)中(zhong)占五分(fen)之一的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例，要(yao)(yao)做到(dao)對成本(ben)(ben)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真正管(guan)(guan)控，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)管(guan)(guan)控也是(shi)必不可少(shao)、極(ji)為(wei)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在保證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)及工(gong)程進(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提下，項目(mu)(mu)負責人(ren)才能自(zi)主(zhu)租賃(lin)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。還要(yao)(yao)明確(que)幾點(dian)要(yao)(yao)求：（1）對機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)操(cao)作(zuo)工(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任要(yao)(yao)予以(yi)(yi)明確(que)，并要(yao)(yao)求其對機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)情況加(jia)以(yi)(yi)記錄(lu)。同時作(zuo)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)工(gong)人(ren)，不僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)了解(jie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各項性(xing)能，還需(xu)了解(jie)工(gong)地施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目(mu)(mu)，了解(jie)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度(du)。（2）操(cao)作(zuo)重要(yao)(yao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人(ren)，可以(yi)(yi)在該施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序開始(shi)前(qian)(qian)向施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)申請(qing)符(fu)合(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)類型、數量(liang)及班臺量(liang)，待該道工(gong)序完成后，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員可以(yi)(yi)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)核算，將(jiang)節(jie)支成本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%作(zuo)為(wei)獎勵，這(zhe)種方(fang)式大大的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低(di)了機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)使用成本(ben)(ben)，實現對其合(he)理(li)管(guan)(guan)控。

4結論

總而言之，對(dui)施工現場進行(xing)有效的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)管控(kong)(kong)是一個大工程，它要(yao)求企(qi)業在依據健全的(de)(de)管理(li)制(zhi)度明確管理(li)職(zhi)責(ze)的(de)(de)同(tong)時，更(geng)要(yao)發動廣(guang)大項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)參與人(ren)員，自覺參與到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)管控(kong)(kong)中(zhong)來(lai)。因而，可行(xing)的(de)(de)方式(shi)歸納下(xia)來(lai)有以下(xia)幾點：①施工項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開工前，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)負責(ze)人(ren)要(yao)做好預測，掌控(kong)(kong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)中(zhong)人(ren)工、材料、機(ji)械(xie)費用的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)標；②要(yao)把(ba)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)既(ji)定目(mu)(mu)標責(ze)任到人(ren)，分層管控(kong)(kong)，將獎(jiang)罰機(ji)制(zhi)與相關負責(ze)人(ren)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)利益掛鉤；③通過(guo)階(jie)段性召(zhao)開成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)標討論(lun)會的(de)(de)方式(shi)，討論(lun)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)施工進度、人(ren)工、材料、機(ji)械(xie)等成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)支出(chu)及消耗情(qing)況，總結節支、超支的(de)(de)原因，將獎(jiang)罰機(ji)制(zhi)落實到位(wei)。

作者:許冠翔(xiang) 單位:中建(jian)海峽建(jian)設發展有限公司

篇3

關鍵詞：施工管理;四大目標;控制(zhi)措施;模型化管理

1工程概況

某(mou)煉化公(gong)司(si)新建(jian)的(de)(de)120t/h酸(suan)性(xing)水(shui)汽提(ti)(ti)和(he)10萬(wan)t/a硫磺(huang)回收(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)為(wei)(wei)聯合裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，主(zhu)要處理高濃度酸(suan)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)酸(suan)性(xing)水(shui)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)硫被(bei)回收(shou)，廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、廢水(shui)得到凈化。該聯合裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)是為(wei)(wei)達到2300萬(wan)t/a原油(you)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)能力而配套(tao)新建(jian)的(de)(de)環保裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，建(jian)成投用后，將對完善煉化公(gong)司(si)煉油(you)配套(tao)體系、提(ti)(ti)升環保效益和(he)經(jing)濟效益發(fa)揮積(ji)極(ji)作用。本工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)10萬(wan)t/a硫磺(huang)回收(shou)及120t/h酸(suan)性(xing)水(shui)汽提(ti)(ti)兩套(tao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)總投資2.57億，隸屬中(zhong)國(guo)石化集團公(gong)司(si)鎮海煉化分公(gong)司(si)。鎮海石化建(jian)安工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)有限公(gong)司(si)承擔了(le)包括(kuo)所有的(de)(de)靜設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)、動設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝管(guan)道(dao)(dao)、給(gei)排水(shui)、暖通、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、儀(yi)表等七個專業(ye)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)靜設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)101臺(tai)，動設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)36臺(tai)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝管(guan)道(dao)(dao)102000寸徑(jing)，給(gei)水(shui)管(guan)線3500m，井室35座，電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)72臺(tai)，電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)纜45.7km，各類儀(yi)表設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)690臺(tai)，儀(yi)表電(dian)纜105km。

2項目管理的特點

（1）本安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)(you)鎮海石化(hua)建(jian)(jian)安(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有限(xian)公司(si)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面實施(shi)(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)單位(wei)（業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)）和(he)監理(li)(li)單位(wei)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度、質量、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)等執行(xing)(xing)監督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。（2）安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)周期(qi)也就是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命周期(qi)，主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)承包(bao)合(he)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)簽訂、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)等。（3）安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)、現場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、三查四(si)定整(zheng)改(gai)驗收(shou)等過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)當中(zhong)是(shi)按(an)階段變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，需(xu)根(gen)據(ju)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)推移(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)有效(xiao)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有針對性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動態管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，并(bing)使(shi)資源優化(hua)組(zu)合(he)，以提(ti)(ti)高施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)益。（4）本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)隊伍多(duo)，而(er)多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種交叉作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，組(zu)織(zhi)協調工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)難度大；由(you)(you)于參(can)與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)流(liu)動性(xing)(xing)大，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在露天進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)長、需(xu)要(yao)資源多(duo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動涉及(ji)到復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)關系、技術(shu)、行(xing)(xing)政和(he)人際關系，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)協調和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)復(fu)雜、多(duo)變，所以必須采取強化(hua)組(zu)織(zhi)協調的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法才(cai)能保證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)利進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。（5）規(gui)(gui)(gui)范性(xing)(xing)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)要(yao)求高。安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)照明(ming)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、臨時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)用機具的(de)(de)(de)(de)擺放，勞保用品的(de)(de)(de)(de)配置，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)宣(xuan)傳標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)語、警示(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)(de)(de)懸掛(gua)張貼以及(ji)在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)各種設(she)備(bei)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)等都要(yao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)、程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序化(hua)，都必須符合(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。

3項目管理的(de)任(ren)務和措施

安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)是一個復(fu)雜、動態(tai)的(de)過程(cheng)，以工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)為中心，解(jie)決施工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)中存(cun)在的(de)問題，提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)、保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度、降低工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成本、提高(gao)經濟效益，才(cai)能(neng)充分發揮項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)的(de)組織、協調和管(guan)理(li)職能(neng)，才(cai)能(neng)按(an)期、優質、高(gao)效、安(an)全地完成安(an)裝項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)。

3.1進度管理

本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程由(you)于前期(qi)舊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置拆除和(he)(he)(he)土建施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)滯后，打亂了項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)節奏(zou)和(he)(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)度(du)。作(zuo)為(wei)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位，為(wei)了最大(da)(da)限度(du)地(di)(di)(di)減輕由(you)此(ci)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部實(shi)(shi)時(shi)調整(zheng)資源，實(shi)(shi)行(xing)動態控(kong)制(zhi)，采(cai)取了一系列措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。（1）從現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)(shi)際(ji)出發，綜合考慮設(she)備制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)要求、設(she)備材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運輸路線、吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方(fang)法、現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境等(deng)各方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)制(zhi)約因(yin)素(su)，制(zhi)定(ding)了有效(xiao)、可(ke)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)，利用(yong)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法，保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)。（2）盡早(zao)介入現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，以最大(da)(da)限度(du)地(di)(di)(di)及早(zao)發現(xian)(xian)設(she)計圖紙和(he)(he)(he)其他可(ke)能存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。比(bi)如在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置區完全不222017年第2期(qi)Projectmanagement項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理具備施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置開(kai)展地(di)(di)(di)管(guan)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。按(an)(an)(an)先(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)下后地(di)(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則并(bing)在(zai)豎(shu)向施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前做好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)下管(guan)線施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。（3）靜設(she)備整(zheng)體上是按(an)(an)(an)照土建基礎和(he)(he)(he)設(she)備到貨具備條(tiao)件(jian)后，就創造條(tiao)件(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。（4）加大(da)(da)預制(zhi)深度(du)，按(an)(an)(an)照網絡(luo)在(zai)兩個月(yue)內及時(shi)完成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)管(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。（5）給排水(shui)專業施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以及設(she)備安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與土建深度(du)交叉，爭搶時(shi)間和(he)(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)度(du)。（6）在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中對(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)監(jian)測，從進(jin)(jin)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預制(zhi)等(deng)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)開(kai)始就做好(hao)進(jin)(jin)度(du)記錄，對(dui)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang)和(he)(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)掌握，克服薄(bo)弱環節，及時(shi)解(jie)決(jue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種矛盾和(he)(he)(he)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，保證進(jin)(jin)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)。（7）項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部堅(jian)持每天(tian)定(ding)時(shi)召開(kai)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)例會(hui)，及時(shi)協調解(jie)決(jue)各專業施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。

3.2質量管理

石化裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象(xiang)與(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)，具體的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)和(he)所采用的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)，實測數據(ju)與(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)之間(jian)產生(sheng)差異的(de)(de)(de)原因分析及(ji)其(qi)解決方(fang)(fang)法(fa)等內容。質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有以(yi)下幾個方(fang)(fang)面。（1）施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前由項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計劃”，確定(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點，經監(jian)理(li)部(bu)門(men)審核后生(sheng)效，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)嚴格(ge)按“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計劃”的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求進行質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。（2）采取(qu)正確的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術和(he)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)以(yi)保證施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，定(ding)期(qi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)排除質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)隱(yin)患。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)與(yu)監(jian)理(li)公(gong)司和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)站緊密配(pei)(pei)合(he)，共同抓好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，滿足業主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。（3）加強(qiang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)職(zhi)能，建立工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)收制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)原材料、配(pei)(pei)件進行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)收，對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)交接(jie)、隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、水壓試(shi)驗(yan)、設(she)備試(shi)驗(yan)等關鍵部(bu)位進行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)收，并有見證資料。（4）施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，嚴格(ge)執行“三級檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)”，即(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)班組做好自(zi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，班組間(jian)或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)間(jian)進行互檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，各專職(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)員(yuan)進行專檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。此外，專職(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)員(yuan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)各道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)采取(qu)“三檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”即(ji)首(shou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)終檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。（5）強(qiang)化對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)。加強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)政治教(jiao)(jiao)育、勞動(dong)紀律教(jiao)(jiao)育、職(zhi)業道(dao)德教(jiao)(jiao)育和(he)專業技術培訓(xun)，發揮他們的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)導作用。（6）執行定(ding)期(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，如焊接(jie)、防腐、設(she)備安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、電氣(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、自(zi)控(kong)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。本安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)硫(liu)磺裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)拍片(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)次合(he)格(ge)率(lv)為97.11%，汽提裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)拍片(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)次合(he)格(ge)率(lv)為96.42%，單機試(shi)車一(yi)(yi)次成功，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)次成功，完全(quan)達(da)到項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)目(mu)(mu)標。

3.3安全管理

建立項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保證體系(xi)，通過健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)規章制度(du)和(he)(he)嚴(yan)(yan)格的(de)崗位(wei)責(ze)(ze)任來約(yue)束現(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)，嚴(yan)(yan)肅工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)紀律，堵(du)塞管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)漏(lou)洞(dong)(dong)，確保每(mei)個(ge)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)素的(de)正常運行，使(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)于受(shou)控狀態(tai)。通過不斷改(gai)進(jin)(jin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)作(zuo)業(ye)手(shou)段，改(gai)善現(xian)場(chang)(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)環(huan)境，使(shi)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)達到“文(wen)明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)有序、環(huan)境整(zheng)潔、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)完好”，努力(li)(li)使(shi)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)上一個(ge)新臺階。（1）為(wei)(wei)了(le)加強硫磺回(hui)收(shou)和(he)(he)酸性水(shui)汽提兩套新建裝(zhuang)置(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監管(guan)(guan)力(li)(li)度(du)，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)發現(xian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)各類違(wei)章和(he)(he)事故(gu)隱患(huan)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也便于項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)掌握各專業(ye)隊伍現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況(kuang)，以便采取(qu)更(geng)有效的(de)監督和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，所以項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)組建了(le)工(gong)(gong)藝管(guan)(guan)道、電(dian)氣儀表和(he)(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)等三(san)個(ge)專業(ye)專職安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)監員(yuan)，與(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren)一起共同(tong)組成了(le)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)組，實(shi)(shi)(shi)行分區(qu)(qu)分片包干管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。（2）制定(ding)(ding)(ding)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)入裝(zhuang)置(zhi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)中期，大(da)量用(yong)火(huo)作(zuo)業(ye)期間，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)用(yong)火(huo)作(zuo)業(ye)區(qu)(qu)域比照按(an)(an)(an)三(san)級用(yong)火(huo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，并實(shi)(shi)(shi)行分區(qu)(qu)按(an)(an)(an)專業(ye)在項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)辦理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)火(huo)作(zuo)業(ye)票。（3）高(gao)達100m的(de)煙囪施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，貫穿了(le)整(zheng)個(ge)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)，給(gei)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)帶來了(le)極大(da)的(de)挑戰(zhan)。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)采取(qu)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)專人(ren)看護和(he)(he)設(she)(she)置(zhi)警戒區(qu)(qu)硬隔離(li)等措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，避免(mian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)的(de)發生。（4）抓好關鍵設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)、關鍵部(bu)(bu)位(wei)和(he)(he)關鍵人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。對(dui)(dui)大(da)型機(ji)(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)員(yuan)堅持(chi)每(mei)天至少巡查(cha)兩次，發現(xian)問(wen)題及時(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)洞(dong)(dong)口、臨邊、高(gao)空作(zuo)業(ye)所采取(qu)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防(fang)護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，規定(ding)(ding)(ding)專人(ren)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)搭設(she)(she)與(yu)檢查(cha)，并保證安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)可靠。特種作(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)必須持(chi)證上崗，隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)接受(shou)檢查(cha)。（5）由項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)文(wen)明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren)和(he)(he)四個(ge)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)文(wen)明清掃(sao)員(yuan)組成文(wen)明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)小組，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)清掃(sao)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)衛生、清理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)臺和(he)(he)腳手(shou)架(jia)上的(de)小件邊角余料(liao)等。（6）制定(ding)(ding)(ding)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)文(wen)明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)考核辦法，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部(bu)(bu)按(an)(an)(an)照施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)調查(cha)實(shi)(shi)(shi)況(kuang)，繪(hui)出現(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)、材(cai)料(liao)、預(yu)制件等擺放平(ping)面(mian)布置(zhi)圖，要(yao)求各隊嚴(yan)(yan)格按(an)(an)(an)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)區(qu)(qu)域放置(zhi)各類物(wu)品，并設(she)(she)立相應標志牌。本(ben)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整(zheng)個(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中未發生一起安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故(gu)，達到了(le)“一般及以上事故(gu)發生率為(wei)(wei)零；環(huan)境污(wu)染事故(gu)發生率為(wei)(wei)零；保持(chi)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)良好的(de)生理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)心理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)狀態(tai)”的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)目(mu)(mu)標。

3.4成本管理

為了(le)保證成(cheng)(cheng)本目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現，使項(xiang)目成(cheng)(cheng)本控制得(de)到(dao)有效實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，項(xiang)目部(bu)在項(xiang)目成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，加(jia)強了(le)對(dui)(dui)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)人、財(cai)、物等資源(yuan)進行監(jian)督、指導、調節和限制，并(bing)把(ba)各(ge)項(xiang)生產費(fei)用控制在計(ji)劃成(cheng)(cheng)本范圍之(zhi)內。（1）在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，項(xiang)目部(bu)通過(guo)(guo)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織，做好(hao)各(ge)專業(ye)、各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好(hao)搭(da)接，通過(guo)(guo)每(mei)天(tian)召開的(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目部(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)例會及時(shi)協調各(ge)種施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)矛盾，避免誤(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、窩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現象，盡量(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)低人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)用。（2）加(jia)強材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)管理(li)，控制材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)用量(liang)，嚴格用料(liao)(liao)制度。項(xiang)目部(bu)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前期(qi)準備階段，組織管道施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術員按(an)照單線圖的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)清單花了(le)1個月時(shi)間(jian)進行統計(ji)整理(li)成(cheng)(cheng)一個材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)總表(biao)，作為材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)發放(fang)、領用的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據。根(gen)據此清單與設計(ji)給(gei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)總表(biao)進行核對(dui)(dui)比較，對(dui)(dui)缺少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)及時(shi)與設計(ji)取得(de)聯系進行補(bu)料(liao)(liao)。（3）對(dui)(dui)大件設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)吊裝，項(xiang)目部(bu)編制詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)網(wang)絡，實(shi)行分類、按(an)區域集中(zhong)吊裝，減(jian)少(shao)吊機臺(tai)班使用費(fei)。（4）制定(ding)先(xian)進可行、經濟合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案。正確選擇施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案是(shi)達到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目降(jiang)(jiang)低成(cheng)(cheng)本、提高(gao)質量(liang)、縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)之(zhi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵，尋找(zhao)并(bing)采用各(ge)種提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效、降(jiang)(jiang)低成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)術、新工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。（5）嚴把(ba)質量(liang)關，減(jian)少(shao)返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)浪費(fei)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)嚴格做到(dao)按(an)圖、按(an)規范施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，嚴把(ba)質量(liang)關，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)一次合(he)格，減(jian)少(shao)因(yin)返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)造成(cheng)(cheng)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、機械和材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浪費(fei)。

4項目前期準備(bei)的模型化管理(li)

項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)的(de)前(qian)期(qi)準備(bei)工(gong)作的(de)好壞對整個工(gong)程(cheng)能否(fou)順利(li)開(kai)展具有舉足輕重的(de)作用，本文對石(shi)化(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)安裝項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)前(qian)期(qi)準備(bei)階段的(de)內容進行了總結（見(jian)表1），并且實(shi)行項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)化(hua)管理(li)，取得(de)了較好的(de)效果。

5結束語

篇4

(一)各項基礎(chu)工作(zuo)

在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)始之前，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位按照設(she)(she)計(ji)情況開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)各(ge)項(xiang)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，保障施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)環節(jie)能夠(gou)很(hen)好(hao)地銜接與(yu)(yu)配(pei)合，順利運行(xing)，具(ju)體需(xu)要(yao)做好(hao)幾下幾項(xiang)基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作:①調(diao)查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作從技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)性及經濟性為(wei)出發(fa)點(dian)，進(jin)一步調(diao)查(cha)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)道(dao)路沿線的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種情況，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)經濟論證(zheng)，并根據論證(zheng)結(jie)(jie)果制(zhi)定調(diao)研報(bao)告，適當調(diao)整(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)計(ji)，使之更加符合實際(ji)情況;②深入(ru)分析(xi)(xi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖對設(she)(she)計(ji)圖進(jin)行(xing)深入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)研究，確定設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)及難點(dian)部分，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)頂線、放(fang)樣等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，詳(xiang)細全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)記錄控(kong)制(zhi)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)基本信息，并進(jin)行(xing)信息保護(hu);③建立健全規(gui)(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)(du)結(jie)(jie)合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)情況，建立或者完善績效(xiao)考核制(zhi)度(du)(du)，明(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)明(ming)獎懲措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，規(gui)(gui)(gui)范施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)活動(dong)，也能提高(gao)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作熱情及責任(ren)心;④編制(zhi)預(yu)算分析(xi)(xi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)及現場(chang)調(diao)研結(jie)(jie)果，以此為(wei)參考編制(zhi)合理的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)算計(ji)劃;⑤檢(jian)測原材料質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)計(ji)，確認(ren)材料選(xuan)擇(ze)合理，檢(jian)驗其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)是否合格，且(qie)需(xu)要(yao)確保供應工(gong)(gong)(gong)作順利，避免質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)低劣的(de)(de)(de)材料流入(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)，或者出現材料緊張的(de)(de)(de)情況，影響到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du);⑥優選(xuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案全面(mian)考慮各(ge)種要(yao)素，優選(xuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，包(bao)括(kuo)現場(chang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標(biao)準、人(ren)員配(pei)置、設(she)(she)備性能、材料狀況等(deng)(deng)，正確的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)各(ge)項(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環節(jie);⑦繪圖上墻將各(ge)項(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)內容繪圖上墻，包(bao)括(kuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)(cheng)、試驗操作規(gui)(gui)(gui)范、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)查(cha)評估、計(ji)量(liang)支付、設(she)(she)計(ji)變更、事故處理等(deng)(deng)。⑧職工(gong)(gong)(gong)培(pei)訓(xun)組織所有參與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓(xun)，培(pei)訓(xun)內容不僅(jin)需(xu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、設(she)(she)備操作技(ji)(ji)巧、實用經驗等(deng)(deng)，還需(xu)要(yao)學習各(ge)項(xiang)相關的(de)(de)(de)法規(gui)(gui)(gui)及規(gui)(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)(du)，做好(hao)思想教育，提升人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)心［1］。

(二)材料管理

材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)直接關系到(dao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，是管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中極為重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)建設單位抽調技(ji)(ji)術過(guo)硬、認(ren)真負責的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員組建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地試驗(yan)室(shi)，全面開展材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)及管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)提(ti)供有利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎條件，具(ju)體情況(kuang)(kuang)如(ru)下:①強化(hua)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)管(guan)理在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，包括(kuo)鋼(gang)筋(jin)、水泥、排(pai)水材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)、鋼(gang)絞線等(deng)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)外(wai)購的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，應(ying)要(yao)(yao)求其(qi)具(ju)有出(chu)廠合格(ge)證，業(ye)主可以指(zhi)定(ding)實驗(yan)室(shi)對各(ge)(ge)(ge)類材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)驗(yan)，確(que)定(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)沒有問(wen)題(ti)后(hou)，才(cai)(cai)能(neng)開展訂購原(yuan)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)，避免質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)。另外(wai)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)按照《技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容，檢(jian)測進(jin)(jin)場(chang)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，動(dong)(dong)態(tai)監控(kong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang);②半成品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制混(hun)凝土(tu)、砂(sha)(sha)漿等(deng)半成品也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)強化(hua)其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地實驗(yan)室(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)標號不同或(huo)者(zhe)石料(liao)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水泥砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體情況(kuang)(kuang)，分(fen)別開展獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)比(bi)(bi)實驗(yan)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)掛牌作(zuo)業(ye)，根據(ju)試驗(yan)室(shi)指(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)比(bi)(bi)進(jin)(jin)并結合“技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)(jin)行(xing)取樣，再制作(zuo)試塊，并試驗(yan)其(qi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)項性(xing)能(neng)，保障試驗(yan)數據(ju)準確(que)可靠(kao)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)能(neng)夠(gou)到(dao)達技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準;③做好現場(chang)檢(jian)驗(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)各(ge)(ge)(ge)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對各(ge)(ge)(ge)個環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)測，確(que)認(ren)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)合格(ge)后(hou)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)進(jin)(jin)入下一個環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。如(ru)果(guo)在檢(jian)驗(yan)中發現問(wen)題(ti)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)提(ti)出(chu)來，認(ren)真分(fen)析出(chu)現問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因，適當調整施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝或(huo)者(zhe)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理，直到(dao)檢(jian)驗(yan)合格(ge)后(hou)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)繼續施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

二、施工管理

(一(yi))合(he)理配(pei)置各(ge)項資源

施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中需要大(da)量(liang)(liang)不同類型的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，包括人力(li)、物力(li)、設(she)(she)備(bei)等，需要做(zuo)好各(ge)項資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)，優化(hua)生產效率(lv)(lv)，也(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)提升工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度的(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)(jin)，其(qi)中各(ge)項資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性質(zhi)、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)等均在變化(hua)，需要均衡(heng)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。首(shou)先按照(zhao)進(jin)(jin)度計(ji)劃(hua)合理編制各(ge)項資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)(chang)計(ji)劃(hua)，包括人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、材料資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、機(ji)械設(she)(she)備(bei)等，盤點材料儲備(bei)情(qing)況(kuang)。主要設(she)(she)備(bei)需要根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程情(qing)況(kuang)及(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標準進(jin)(jin)行選擇，而其(qi)他(ta)輔助設(she)(she)備(bei)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)對主要設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)行補充。在動態的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)過(guo)程中，還應(ying)根據(ju)天(tian)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)及(ji)實際進(jin)(jin)度，及(ji)時調(diao)整(zheng)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)(chang)計(ji)劃(hua)，使得人、機(ji)、料、法、環(huan)境(jing)等達到協(xie)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態，避(bi)免浪(lang)費資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，以獲得良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)。另(ling)外，其(qi)他(ta)較多的(de)(de)(de)因素也(ye)(ye)會(hui)影響到公(gong)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況(kuang)，只(zhi)有科學組織(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，保障機(ji)械組合的(de)(de)(de)穩定性及(ji)協(xie)調(diao)性，及(ji)時調(diao)整(zheng)機(ji)械臺班(ban)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)，才能(neng)(neng)最大(da)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)提高資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)率(lv)(lv)，帶來(lai)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)效益(yi)。

(二)現場質量管理

現場質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)(li)的(de)效果(guo)對于工(gong)程的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量有著直(zhi)接的(de)聯系(xi)，也(ye)是(shi)企業(ye)的(de)建(jian)設能(neng)力、綜合實(shi)(shi)(shi)力的(de)集中體現，因此需要(yao)狠(hen)抓(zhua)該項工(gong)作。首(shou)先需要(yao)構(gou)建(jian)完善(shan)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)(li)保(bao)證體系(xi)，樹立(li)(li)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量意識，將質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量責(ze)任落實(shi)(shi)(shi)到位，加強質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量技術管理(li)(li)力度，管理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)應及時(shi)與施工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行技術交底(di)，使之能(neng)夠樹立(li)(li)良好的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量責(ze)任意識，并與之簽(qian)訂質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量責(ze)任保(bao)證書，將質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量責(ze)任明確劃分至個人(ren)，并根據規章制度實(shi)(shi)(shi)施相(xiang)應的(de)獎罰措施。在質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量檢查(cha)方面，需要(yao)將質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量驗收(shou)制度落實(shi)(shi)(shi)到位，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施巡(xun)回檢查(cha)，走動(dong)管理(li)(li)的(de)模(mo)式，一(yi)旦(dan)發現問題，應及時(shi)提(ti)出來，追究責(ze)任，并責(ze)令(ling)其進(jin)行整(zheng)改，動(dong)態監督(du)，直(zhi)至其質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達到要(yao)求。另外還需要(yao)針對工(gong)程不同環節的(de)特點(dian)，制定重(zhong)點(dian)管理(li)(li)措施，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)保(bao)障施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量。

(三)控(kong)制施工(gong)進度(du)

根據(ju)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)條件(jian)、合同日期，并分析(xi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案后，制(zhi)(zhi)定合理的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃。在(zai)(zai)具體(ti)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，應(ying)(ying)對各項影響進(jin)(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)因素進(jin)(jin)行控制(zhi)(zhi)，如需要保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)有效(xiao)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)、使(shi)用配套的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術、做(zuo)好設備(bei)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)養與維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作等，避免出(chu)現材(cai)料供(gong)應(ying)(ying)不足、設備(bei)故障(zhang)、技術適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)差(cha)等問(wen)題，而影響到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)。如果施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)與進(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃的(de)(de)差(cha)距(ju)較為明顯，應(ying)(ying)分析(xi)出(chu)現該現場(chang)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的(de)(de)條件(jian)下，適當調整施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)安排保(bao)(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)。

三、總結

篇5

（一）資料管(guan)理(li)(li)中存在的(de)問(wen)題。在建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)，資料管(guan)理(li)(li)問(wen)題主要是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)計劃和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)，當施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)計劃、圖紙與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)實際(ji)情(qing)況不符時，就(jiu)會出現(xian)后續在現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)對圖紙進行頻繁修改狀況，不僅會延長施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時間、浪費(fei)資源，而且會影響到(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量。

（二）材料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)的管理中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)所采用的材料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)數量(liang)都非常(chang)多，在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)，材料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)設(she)(she)備(bei)的存(cun)儲、提取和(he)(he)(he)使用的管理還面臨著諸多問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，比如原材料(liao)管理問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，如果原材料(liao)的質量(liang)無法保證(zheng)，在(zai)后(hou)續的施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)就會出現工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)不(bu)合格問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)，甚至留下安全隱患(huan)。對(dui)設(she)(she)備(bei)的使用和(he)(he)(he)維(wei)護，不(bu)僅對(dui)于企業成本和(he)(he)(he)效益的控制(zhi)有(you)直接(jie)關系(xi)，對(dui)于施(shi)工(gong)計劃的有(you)效進行也(ye)起著舉足輕重的作用，在(zai)實(shi)際中(zhong)(zhong)很多企業都對(dui)設(she)(she)備(bei)疏于維(wei)護，導致設(she)(she)備(bei)更(geng)新過(guo)快，造(zao)成企業資源的浪費。

（三）人員(yuan)(yuan)管理中(zhong)存在的問(wen)題。在建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，存在著(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)、管理人員(yuan)(yuan)和技術人員(yuan)(yuan)之間資源配置不合理現象，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)不能明確(que)自己的具(ju)體(ti)任務，導致施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)出現人員(yuan)(yuan)短缺(que)或重復工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)情況。還有很多員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程中(zhong)存在安全意識(shi)缺(que)乏(fa)狀(zhuang)況。

（四）工(gong)(gong)程經驗的總(zong)結上(shang)存在(zai)的問題。在(zai)建筑工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)過程中，由于施工(gong)(gong)情況不確定，施工(gong)(gong)現場可(ke)能出(chu)現很多意外狀況，而在(zai)此種狀況下，企業往往會出(chu)現互相推諉責任現象(xiang)，導致錯失了(le)可(ke)以彌補的機會，釀成了(le)嚴重的后果。

（五(wu)）施(shi)工過程(cheng)中面臨規(gui)章制度(du)不完善問題(ti)。在建(jian)筑工程(cheng)中如果沒(mei)有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)章制度(du)，就無法保證各部門之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效運轉，進而影響到(dao)施(shi)工效率。健全的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)章制度(du)是技術管理最(zui)基本的(de)(de)(de)要求，只有(you)在這種前提下(xia)，才能保證施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)安全和有(you)效性。

二(er)、建筑(zhu)工(gong)現場施工(gong)技術管理的三(san)個基本原則

（一）經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)最大(da)化原則。建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理要以(yi)提高(gao)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理中(zhong)謀求效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。因為(wei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)各種要素的(de)有效(xiao)組(zu)合和生(sheng)產活動的(de)正常運轉，都要通過施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理才能(neng)實現(xian)(xian)，現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理如果混亂就難(nan)以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和效(xiao)率。經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)，一般(ban)來(lai)說與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是一致的(de)，只(zhi)有施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理達(da)到標準化，才可以(yi)確(que)保(bao)企業取得良好的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。

（二）高效科(ke)(ke)學的(de)原則。科(ke)(ke)學技(ji)術(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)第一(yi)生產力，建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作應(ying)當按照科(ke)(ke)學事實執行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，即(ji)：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)應(ying)該符合(he)現代(dai)化企(qi)業相關標(biao)準，講(jiang)究科(ke)(ke)學管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。例如，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)存在問題；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)人員(yuan)和各種設備(bei)的(de)安排是(shi)(shi)否(fou)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)。在對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進行科(ke)(ke)學管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)時，這些都是(shi)(shi)必不可(ke)少的(de)內(nei)容(rong)。

（三）標準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范原則(ze)。對(dui)于建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)技術管(guan)(guan)理必須(xu)要(yao)遵循的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)就是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范化管(guan)(guan)理。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)(guan)理屬于一項非常(chang)復雜的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，所以其(qi)應(ying)當規(gui)(gui)(gui)范、有序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)展開(kai)。而為了保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利(li)進行(xing)(xing)，就要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員要(yao)服(fu)從(cong)管(guan)(guan)理人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)安排，形成(cheng)共同(tong)協作(zuo)、齊(qi)心(xin)完成(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)。除此(ci)之外，還(huan)應(ying)當嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)和(he)流程行(xing)(xing)事，按照(zhao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)作(zuo)業方式(shi)和(he)相關質量標準(zhun)、建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度辦事。因此(ci)，在對(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)進行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理時，要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)科學施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)管(guan)(guan)理標準(zhun)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程，從(cong)而實(shi)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范化、標準(zhun)化管(guan)(guan)理。

三、建筑工程現(xian)場施工技(ji)術管理問題的策略

（一）針(zhen)對資料管理中(zhong)存(cun)在問題的(de)策略。在施工前多(duo)個部(bu)門之間應進行會(hui)審，首先明(ming)確施工要求(qiu)，其次對施工環(huan)境進行實(shi)(shi)地調查，在符合國家規定(ding)的(de)情況(kuang)下，科(ke)學地制定(ding)施工計劃和施工方案，從而實(shi)(shi)現保質、高效(xiao)的(de)施工目標。

（二）針對材料(liao)和設備(bei)管理中存在問題的策略。材料(liao)和設備(bei)的采購、存儲和使用(yong)，在每個(ge)階段(duan)都要按照(zhao)相關(guan)標準(zhun)和操作(zuo)流程執行(xing)，并(bing)將責任具體化(hua)、明確化(hua)。在各個(ge)環節，都要盡量(liang)達(da)到成本最低化(hua)和質量(liang)最優化(hua)目標，保證工程的順利(li)完工。

（三）針對在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)管理中存(cun)在(zai)問題的(de)策略(lve)。根據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，對現有人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)科(ke)學測試(shi)，對不能(neng)(neng)勝任的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)相應的(de)培訓，使施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)具備一定(ding)的(de)專(zhuan)業技(ji)術，能(neng)(neng)夠滿足工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。每個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)崗前(qian)培訓，明確在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，自身(shen)所面臨的(de)責任，在(zai)保證質量的(de)前(qian)提下，達到單(dan)位(wei)時(shi)間效益(yi)的(de)最大(da)化(hua)。建立科(ke)學的(de)考核機(ji)制，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據(ju)(ju)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)難易(yi)程度，科(ke)學量化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程考評，激勵員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)潛能(neng)(neng)得(de)到最大(da)化(hua)發(fa)揮。

（四）針(zhen)對在施工現場(chang)(chang)面(mian)臨突(tu)發(fa)狀況(kuang)的策略。針(zhen)對工程現場(chang)(chang)施工，要建(jian)立(li)突(tu)發(fa)狀況(kuang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)機構，而在出(chu)現突(tu)發(fa)狀況(kuang)時，應(ying)(ying)積極應(ying)(ying)對，提出(chu)相應(ying)(ying)的解決方案(an)，并(bing)且把握機會，快速實施，使損失(shi)降到最小。同(tong)時善于(yu)總結存在的問(wen)題和經驗教訓，建(jian)立(li)工程日志(zhi)，儲(chu)備施工經驗。在以后的現場(chang)(chang)施工過程，可以對其(qi)加(jia)以借鑒。

（五）針(zhen)對在工程(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)施工過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度不完善(shan)問題(ti)的(de)(de)策略。在建筑工程(cheng)現(xian)場(chang)施工中，針(zhen)對現(xian)有的(de)(de)管理制(zhi)(zhi)度，要(yao)(yao)結合實(shi)際不斷健全(quan)獎(jiang)勵和懲罰機制(zhi)(zhi)，提高員工的(de)(de)工作(zuo)積極性。并在施工時(shi)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強工作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)溝通，定(ding)期開會各部門之間的(de)(de)有效(xiao)交(jiao)流，合作(zuo)解決各類問題(ti)。

篇6

（1）辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)色彩與室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)照明搭配也不協調(diao)，室(shi)內(nei)缺少通(tong)風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)設置，很容(rong)易使員(yuan)工(gong)產生壓抑甚至出(chu)現(xian)(xian)視覺污染的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，降(jiang)低(di)了員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作效(xiao)率。（2）一些(xie)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)裝修過程(cheng)中(zhong)，燈光(guang)(guang)采用的(de)(de)(de)是地光(guang)(guang)燈具，導(dao)致(zhi)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所內(nei)比較昏暗，十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)幽暗，不利于員(yuan)工(gong)積極的(de)(de)(de)開展工(gong)作。同時(shi)，室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)插(cha)線、插(cha)頭(tou)到(dao)處都是，缺乏規劃，大大小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)科(ke)室(shi)相互分(fen)(fen)(fen)割，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)排列過于緊致(zhi)，雜物放置過多，而有(you)的(de)(de)(de)房(fang)屋確十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)寬敞，室(shi)內(nei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)蕩(dang)蕩(dang)，沒(mei)有(you)合理的(de)(de)(de)利用空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。（3）一些(xie)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)家具、辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)物品等擺布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隨意，并沒(mei)有(you)考慮辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)內(nei)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)置，不能充分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)、合理的(de)(de)(de)利用辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，很容(rong)易導(dao)致(zhi)其辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)擁擠或(huo)者浪費空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，而這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)嚴重(zhong)影響了企(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)工(gong)開展有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)能力，干擾員(yuan)工(gong)們工(gong)作時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)心態，而企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)錯亂的(de)(de)(de)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)環(huan)境下運轉，往往效(xiao)果不好，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)會影響企(qi)業(ye)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)日常(chang)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)開展。

2 辦公場所裝飾裝修工程應把握的要點

2.1 注(zhu)意以人(ren)為本(ben)，建立良好的工作(zuo)環境

現(xian)代辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)修一定(ding)要(yao)(yao)注意以為人(ren)本，把(ba)滿(man)足員工的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)需求、人(ren)際活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求作(zuo)為核(he)心(xin)(xin)，注意人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)工程學、審美學及(ji)環(huan)境(jing)心(xin)(xin)里學的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)，在(zai)裝(zhuang)修過程中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)著重處理(li)(li)員工與工作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，努力(li)解決好影響員工工作(zuo)情緒的(de)(de)(de)(de)各項因素，根據(ju)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)功用布設不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)修環(huan)境(jing)，創造(zao)適(shi)合(he)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)、舒適(shi)、優(you)美、功能(neng)齊全(quan)合(he)理(li)(li)且滿(man)足員工需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)環(huan)境(jing)。裝(zhuang)修過程不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)裝(zhuang)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學性(xing)、優(you)質性(xing)，也要(yao)(yao)表現(xian)出(chu)藝術(shu)性(xing)，重視辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)表現(xian)力(li)和(he)感染力(li)，創造(zao)滿(man)足員工工作(zuo)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)具有文(wen)化(hua)內涵和(he)視覺享受的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)，使員工在(zai)工作(zuo)過程中(zhong)獲得心(xin)(xin)理(li)(li)和(he)精神上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滿(man)足，從而提高員工工作(zuo)效率。

2.2 充分體現現代感(gan)和秩序感(gan)

現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工(gong)程一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意對現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)感(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)秩(zhi)序(xu)感(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體現(xian)(xian)，首先，要(yao)遵(zun)循(xun)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)機學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念，實現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)自動化(hua)，使其滿足(zu)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)機學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，通過(guo)采(cai)(cai)用適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)可以增加其效果，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)過(guo)程要(yao)簡潔(jie)時(shi)(shi)尚，在進(jin)行(xing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)潢時(shi)(shi)，根據辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間、功能(neng)及尺寸需求進(jin)行(xing)設(she)計，充(chong)分貫(guan)徹人(ren)(ren)體工(gong)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念，摒(bing)棄傳統裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修中封閉隔(ge)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法，可以采(cai)(cai)用大房間低隔(ge)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修形(xing)式，使其具有現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)感(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)開闊感(gan)(gan)，消除員工(gong)壓(ya)抑(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)心情，對辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些設(she)備進(jin)行(xing)整合(he)，充(chong)分考(kao)慮環境(jing)景觀和(he)(he)(he)(he)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)潢設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合(he)，處理(li)好(hao)網路、噪音處理(li)以及辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室照明等(deng)細節問(wen)題，創立(li)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)。其次，在進(jin)行(xing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修過(guo)程中要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意對流(liu)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)(he)(he)(he)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制，遵(zun)循(xun)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反復、完整和(he)(he)(he)(he)簡潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修理(li)論，創造一(yi)種(zhong)平(ping)和(he)(he)(he)(he)整潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing)，努力做(zuo)到(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秩(zhi)序(xu)感(gan)(gan)，充(chong)分考(kao)慮辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項功能(neng)，從(cong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接待區(qu)(qu)、討論區(qu)(qu)、洽談區(qu)(qu)到(dao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)區(qu)(qu)、休息活(huo)動區(qu)(qu)均(jun)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)局，滿足(zu)各室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用要(yao)求和(he)(he)(he)(he)功能(neng)，使辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項工(gong)作(zuo)得(de)以井然(ran)有序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展，給人(ren)(ren)以井然(ran)有序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體感(gan)(gan)，提高企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象。

2.3 辦公(gong)室裝(zhuang)修(xiu)要(yao)自然(ran)、環保

現(xian)代辦(ban)公(gong)場所的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)對自(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)利(li)用(yong)，充分利(li)用(yong)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)光和自(zi)(zi)然(ran)通風，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修過程(cheng)要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)環(huan)(huan)保、天然(ran)。首先，要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)對自(zi)(zi)然(ran)光的(de)利(li)用(yong)，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)光不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)節(jie)約能源，其對于提高工作(zuo)效率也(ye)有幫助(zhu)。一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)進(jin)行裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修時要(yao)留出一(yi)定(ding)的(de)空間確保更多的(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)光線可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)入(ru)辦(ban)公(gong)室，在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修過程(cheng)中采用(yong)高大(da)的(de)玻(bo)璃窗(chuang)(chuang)、落(luo)地窗(chuang)(chuang)、天窗(chuang)(chuang)等可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)有效的(de)利(li)用(yong)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)光線，同時對于自(zi)(zi)然(ran)通風要(yao)合理運用(yong)，室內的(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)通風可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)使員(yuan)工心情(qing)舒暢，呼吸到新(xin)鮮空氣(qi)對于工作(zuo)的(de)效率的(de)提高有很(hen)大(da)幫助(zhu)。在(zai)光源上一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong) LED 燈進(jin)行照明(ming)，不僅(jin)節(jie)能而且耐久(jiu)，員(yuan)工們(men)更愿(yuan)意(yi)在(zai)這樣的(de)光線和通風條件(jian)下(xia)工作(zuo)。其次，在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修過程(cheng)中要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)對材(cai)料的(de)選(xuan)擇，一(yi)般(ban)要(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)環(huan)(huan)保、綠色、低碳、可(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)續的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)潢材(cai)料，這種材(cai)料對于員(yuan)工的(de)身(shen)心健康，辦(ban)公(gong)室內的(de)工作(zuo)環(huan)(huan)境、空氣(qi)質(zhi)量均有幫助(zhu)。

2.4 辦公場所(suo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修要考慮安全先(xian)進性和機動性

現代的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)充分(fen)考(kao)慮到(dao)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)、先(xian)進性(xing)(xing)和(he)機動(dong)性(xing)(xing)。首先(xian)，在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)先(xian)進性(xing)(xing)和(he)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)并行，在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)時(shi)(shi)除(chu)了要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)配置消防的(de)(de)(de)(de)設施還要(yao)考(kao)慮安(an)保(bao)設置，比如(ru)很多現代辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)均(jun)根據其工作(zuo)需要(yao)進行配置一些(xie)監控系統、報(bao)警系統及門禁系統，充分(fen)考(kao)慮了辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)。其次(ci)，對于(yu)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所，經(jing)常會出(chu)現一些(xie)人員變動(dong)、部門變動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，因此在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)機動(dong)性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)設計時(shi)(shi)要(yao)考(kao)慮辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)外延性(xing)(xing)，進而(er)滿足(zu)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室結(jie)構改變的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)打(da)好(hao)提前(qian)量(liang)，提前(qian)規劃，對于(yu)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室內的(de)(de)(de)(de)電纜、電線、電源、網線等(deng)預留好(hao)更改的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，對于(yu)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室內的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)設備預留好(hao)擴展的(de)(de)(de)(de)空間，進而(er)保(bao)證辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理改造，滿足(zu)其可能出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化。

3結論

篇7

摘要(yao)：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場管(guan)理是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)管(guan)理的核心，也是(shi)(shi)確保(bao)建筑工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)和安全文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的關(guan)鍵。文章結(jie)合(he)工(gong)(gong)作實際，就現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理的相關(guan)環節進(jin)行了探討，意在(zai)通過全面管(guan)理實施(shi)，從而保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)程保(bao)質保(bao)量(liang)的順利完(wan)成(cheng)。

關鍵(jian)詞：建(jian)筑工程 現(xian)場 施工管(guan)理

隨著現(xian)代社會的(de)不斷(duan)發展，工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目成為(wei)城市建(jian)設改(gai)造中常常出現(xian)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)詞(ci)語(yu)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目從(cong)立項(xiang)、規劃、設計、審批到付諸施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，乃至(zhi)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)的(de)竣工(gong)(gong)驗收，資(zi)料歸(gui)檔管理，整個(ge)(ge)(ge)流(liu)程環環相(xiang)扣，任何環節都不能有(you)絲毫閃失，否則其(qi)所(suo)引起的(de)損失均(jun)是難以(yi)估量的(de)。其(qi)中，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)作為(wei)至(zhi)關重(zhong)要的(de)一(yi)(yi)環，是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)將設計意(yi)圖轉(zhuan)換為(wei)實際的(de)過(guo)程，在此過(guo)程中，許多設計中考察欠缺(que)或是同實際情況有(you)出入(ru)的(de)問(wen)題都會一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)突(tu)顯(xian)出來，甚至(zhi)同以(yi)后(hou)(hou)使用維護相(xiang)關的(de)問(wen)題也會有(you)所(suo)暴露，值得重(zhong)視。 因此，對于項(xiang)目的(de)現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理，必(bi)須百分之百的(de)重(zhong)視、投入(ru)。從(cong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人的(de)觀點出發，我(wo)認為(wei)必(bi)須要做好以(yi)下(xia)幾方面(mian)：

1、技術問題

作(zuo)(zuo)為一個工(gong)程(cheng)項目， 特別是主體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)后的(de)裝(zhuang)飾工(gong)程(cheng)和附屬工(gong)程(cheng)，其施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝復(fu)雜，材(cai)料品種繁多，各施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)種班組多，交叉作(zuo)(zuo)業多，這就要求我們作(zuo)(zuo)為現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理人員務必(bi)做好技術準(zhun)備。

必須(xu)熟悉各專業的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙（如：立面(mian)和內部(bu)裝飾、強弱電、消防、排水排污、景觀綠化(hua)等(deng)），了解設計(ji)者(zhe)的設計(ji)意圖，針(zhen)對具體的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)合同要(yao)求，盡最大(da)限度去(qu)優化(hua)每(mei)(mei)一道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)序，每(mei)(mei)一分項（部(bu)）工(gong)(gong)程，同時(shi)考慮自身(shen)的資源（施(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍、材料供應、資金、設備等(deng)）及(ji)氣候等(deng)自然條件(jian)，認(ren)真、合理(li)地做好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)計(ji)劃，并以橫道(dao)(dao)圖或網(wang)絡圖表示(shi)出(chu)來，從大(da)入(ru)小、由面(mian)及(ji)點(dian)、抓住關鍵(jian)線路(lu)，確保(bao)每(mei)(mei)一分部(bu)分項工(gong)(gong)程能(neng)納入(ru)受控范圍(wei)之中。

2、材料設備問題

相對于土建(jian)施(shi)工(gong)，項目施(shi)工(gong)中材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)費用在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)產品(pin)投入中所占(zhan)的比例很重，一般為 60～70%。 因而搞好現(xian)場(chang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)管理(li)，可以加(jia)速流(liu)(liu)動資(zi)金(jin)的周轉(zhuan)，減少(shao)流(liu)(liu)動資(zi)金(jin)占(zhan)用，充分發(fa)揮流(liu)(liu)動資(zi)金(jin)的經濟效(xiao)益。從(cong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進入施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)到施(shi)工(gong)結(jie)束清理(li)現(xian)場(chang)為止(zhi)的全過程所進行的材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)管理(li)，均為現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)管理(li)。 其內容(rong)包(bao)括：材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)計劃管理(li)、材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進場(chang)驗收(shou)、材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的儲存與保管、材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)領發(fa)、監督材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)使用和(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的回收(shou)。

①材(cai)料供應。 配(pei)合設計方確定所需(xu)材(cai)料的品牌、材(cai)質、規格，精心測(ce)算所需(xu)材(cai)料的數量(liang)，組織考察(cha)材(cai)料商(shang)供貨。

②材(cai)料(liao)采購。面對品種(zhong)繁多的材(cai)料(liao)采購單(dan)，必須將數量（含實(shi)際損耗）、品牌、規格、產地等(deng)一(yi)一(yi)標識清楚，尺寸、材(cai)質、型號等(deng)必須一(yi)次到(dao)位(wei)，以避(bi)免材(cai)料(liao)訂購不符，進(jin)而影響(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)質量。

③材(cai)料分類(lei)堆(dui)放。 根據(ju)(ju)實際現場情況(kuang)及(ji)進(jin)度情況(kuang)，合理安排材(cai)料進(jin)場。 督促監理對材(cai)料做進(jin)場驗收、抽檢抽樣，并報檢于(yu)(yu)檢測(ce)單位(wei)。 整理分類(lei)，根據(ju)(ju)施工組織平(ping)面布置(zhi)圖指定位(wei)置(zhi)歸類(lei)堆(dui)放于(yu)(yu)不同(tong)場地(di)。

④材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)發(fa)(fa)放(fang)(fang)。使用追蹤(zong)、清驗。對于(yu)(yu)到場材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，清驗造冊登(deng)記，嚴格按照(zhao)施工進度憑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)出庫單發(fa)(fa)放(fang)(fang)使用， 并且需對發(fa)(fa)放(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進行追蹤(zong)，避(bi)免材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)丟失或者(zhe)浪(lang)費。 特別是(shi)要(yao)對型(xing)材(cai)(cai)下(xia)料(liao)(liao)這(zhe)一環(huan)節嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)（技術人員重點控(kong)制(zhi)）。 對于(yu)(yu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的庫存量(liang)，庫管員務必及(ji)時整理盤(pan)點，并注(zhu)意對各(ge)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)分類(lei)堆放(fang)(fang)，易(yi)燃品、防潮品均需采取相應(ying)的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)保(bao)護措施，及(ji)時將整理盤(pan)點的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)數量(liang)報知項目部。

施工中機械設備，要定期檢修、保養(yang)，確(que)保無帶(dai)“病”的設備。對于，高空作(zuo)業的設備（如：塔吊(diao)、龍門吊(diao)等），更要重點檢查。

3、資料管理的問(wen)題(ti)

一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，除了材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、技術、人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)以外，還有(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)不(bu)容(rong)忽視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題就是(shi)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。但是(shi)，時下有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種現(xian)象，就是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)如(ru)實反映施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)實際(ji)(ji)，兩者相(xiang)互脫節(jie)，有(you)(you)人將其稱之為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩張皮(pi)”現(xian)象。據了解“，兩張皮(pi)”并非個(ge)(ge)別現(xian)象，在相(xiang)當多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目中(zhong)都不(bu)同程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度存(cun)在著(zhu)。其突(tu)出表現(xian)是(shi)重資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)整(zheng)理(li)(li)、輕(qing)現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，對資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)摻(chan)雜充(chong)假甚至憑空捏造。 實際(ji)(ji)上資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，貫穿于(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，任何項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)，都必須有(you)(you)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)所包含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)合格證(zheng)、檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)報(bao)告(gao)、竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)、驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)報(bao)告(gao)、設計變更、測(ce)量記錄(lu)、隱蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)單(dan)、有(you)(you)關技術參數測(ce)定驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)單(dan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)聯系(xi)函(han)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)簽證(zheng)等等，都要(yao)求我們在整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)注意一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)收(shou)集歸類存(cun)檔。 此項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)可以與材(cai)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合起(qi)來，通過資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)理(li)(li)，可以檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、技術管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)否(fou)得到(dao)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，并起(qi)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)督(du)(du)促、監督(du)(du)、記錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，且在實際(ji)(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目結算過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)能給企業帶來很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益，并提供(gong)依據。

4、施工安全的問題(ti)

就是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)， 組(zu)織安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部管(guan)理(li)(li)活動(dong)，是整個(ge)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)重中(zhong)之重。 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)是個(ge)動(dong)態(tai)的(de)多工(gong)(gong)(gong)種立體(ti)作業，生(sheng)產設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)臨時性(xing)(xing)、作業環(huan)境(jing)的(de)多變性(xing)(xing)、人機(ji)的(de)流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)，形(xing)(xing)成了人、機(ji)、料的(de)動(dong)態(tai)集中(zhong)，導(dao)致安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)的(de)大(da)量(liang)存在(zai)。 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)從安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育、檢查、生(sheng)產責(ze)任制與管(guan)理(li)(li)保證(zheng)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)等(deng)方面(mian)展開。意識的(de)能動(dong)性(xing)(xing)是不(bu)可(ke)忽(hu)視的(de)。 從上至下地(di)開展安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育，普及安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)知識，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識，要(yao)形(xing)(xing)成全(quan)(quan)(quan)員、全(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的(de)群體(ti)強(qiang)化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)意識，通過(guo)(guo)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)巡邏，建(jian)立安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監督網，完善現(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)措施(shi)(shi)等(deng)來保證(zheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產。 建(jian)立各級人員安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產責(ze)任制度，明確各級人員的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)任。 將施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)各方面(mian)組(zu)織起來，形(xing)(xing)成互相協調、促進(jin)的(de)整體(ti)，形(xing)(xing)成管(guan)理(li)(li)保證(zheng)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。

5、現場施工質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)問(wen)題

現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監控(kong)是(shi)以工(gong)(gong)序的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)為(wei)基礎和(he)核心的(de)，但在實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作中，工(gong)(gong)程人員常會感到對(dui)于不同工(gong)(gong)序（比如定位放線和(he)墻體砌筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)序），工(gong)(gong)序控(kong)制(zhi)內容(rong)的(de)側(ce)重(zhong)點存在相當(dang)大的(de)差(cha)異。 為(wei)區分這(zhe)些差(cha)異進(jin)而(er)實(shi)(shi)現對(dui)工(gong)(gong)序產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)有效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)，應針對(dui)建筑(zhu)現場采取施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)。

①建筑現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序活(huo)動(dong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。建筑現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序活(huo)動(dong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)主要是(shi)(shi)指對(dui)(dui)(dui)影響(xiang)建筑現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)各因素進行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)，也可分(fen)為施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)建筑現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)應從人員、機械(xie)、材(cai)(cai)料、方(fang)法(fa)、環境 5 個方(fang)面(mian)進行(xing)。 例如，對(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian)場材(cai)(cai)料必須進行(xing)取樣檢(jian)驗，合(he)格(ge)后方(fang)可使用。 施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)建筑現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)主要是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)投入物(wu)的(de)(de)監控(kong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)操作和工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)以及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)相關方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。

篇8

路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織前(qian)要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，按照(zhao)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)(an)進行(xing)(xing)科(ke)學合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃，并(bing)為路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)充(chong)(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。并(bing)仔(zi)細(xi)(xi)研究(jiu)和(he)分析施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中發現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)疑難(nan)問(wen)題及難(nan)點(dian)。充(chong)(chong)分了(le)解管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)基本方案(an)(an)及設計(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)中的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)規(gui)劃對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)監督與(yu)控制。分析施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程時(shi)(shi)要(yao)深刻(ke)，討論要(yao)細(xi)(xi)致全面。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)還要(yao)了(le)解施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)各項施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方便(bian)管(guan)理(li)。要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)發現(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)不及時(shi)(shi)和(he)項目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)不規(gui)范。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)中要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)每一個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序都熟(shu)知操作(zuo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)不僅要(yao)讓施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)熟(shu)悉了(le)解，也要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對現(xian)(xian)場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)圖紙(zhi)清晰明了(le)。建(jian)設施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位要(yao)認真貫徹和(he)執行(xing)(xing)每一個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)步驟。尤其是對正在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)圖紙(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)更(geng)要(yao)仔(zi)細(xi)(xi)研究(jiu)與(yu)分析，保證(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量。

重點管理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目，針對各項施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強管理(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)下進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。整體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)實(shi)(shi)現是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)每一項的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量管控(kong)、使用機器設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號、選(xuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術、組(zu)織施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)作(zuo)及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)選(xuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料等這(zhe)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)開始前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)。同時，根(gen)據工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際情況對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)改革與創(chuang)新(xin)。組(zu)織嚴(yan)格(ge)可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整個過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去優化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案。加(jia)強施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)材料管理(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)場(chang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)組(zu)織專門人員對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材料進行(xing)管理(li)(li)和控(kong)制，其中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包括：施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購、供給和發(fa)放(fang)。

1.1材料的采購

施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)要嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)采購關，材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)質量關系到整個路橋的(de)(de)質量問(wen)題，是工(gong)程管理中的(de)(de)重點，采購人(ren)員應該多搜(sou)集材料(liao)(liao)(liao)信息，將(jiang)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)質地、生產地、價格進行詳細比較，并組織相關人(ren)員召開討論會議(yi)，共同研(yan)究(jiu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)選購問(wen)題，最(zui)大程度的(de)(de)降(jiang)低施(shi)工(gong)成本，提(ti)高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)質量。

1.2材料的供給

工程需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)數量(liang)很大(da)，不可能(neng)一次性的(de)都采購進來(lai)，這就需(xu)要(yao)(yao)分批分期進行采購，管理(li)人員(yuan)要(yao)(yao)在掌握施工進度(du)和材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)使用的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，對材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)供給計(ji)劃(hua)進行詳(xiang)細的(de)規劃(hua)，在確保(bao)(bao)施工正常運(yun)行的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)庫(ku)存，這樣(yang)既能(neng)夠確保(bao)(bao)工程資金周轉靈活，避免將資金壓(ya)在材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采購費用上，還(huan)能(neng)夠減(jian)少(shao)(shao)庫(ku)存，方(fang)便管理(li)，對出(chu)現質量(liang)不合格的(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)也能(neng)夠及時更換，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)損失。

1.3材料發放

在材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)發(fa)(fa)放過程中，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)詳細掌握各項工(gong)程的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)運(yun)量(liang)，并對(dui)(dui)(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)使用(yong)采(cai)取跟(gen)蹤監督的方式(shi)，最大(da)限(xian)度減少材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的浪費現象。在發(fa)(fa)放材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的過程中要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)詳細的登記，每次領取材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)有相關(guan)責任(ren)人的簽字才能發(fa)(fa)放。同時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)定期(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的庫存進行(xing)清點，做到賬目清、底數明，工(gong)程竣工(gong)之(zhi)后，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的使用(yong)進行(xing)認(ren)真總(zong)結，核對(dui)(dui)(dui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采(cai)購數、使用(yong)數和(he)剩(sheng)余(yu)數，杜絕(jue)貪(tan)污現象。

2加強施工現場(chang)技術(shu)管理及提(ti)高施工人員(yuan)的安全意識

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術水平決定著整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度、質量和成本等(deng)多項(xiang)因素，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業要最大限度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術，在技(ji)(ji)術中(zhong)找到節約人力、節約成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，避免使用(yong)落(luo)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術造成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量不達標，浪費施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計階(jie)段，設計工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)要充分(fen)結合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際特點，利用(yong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術手段，將(jiang)(jiang)整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)技(ji)(ji)術進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行詳細標明，將(jiang)(jiang)高新科(ke)技(ji)(ji)落(luo)實到每各(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)當(dang)中(zhong)。安(an)全(quan)生產是任何企業必須要重(zhong)視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題(ti)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題(ti)是關(guan)系到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)順利竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決定性因素。只有提高每個崗位中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想安(an)全(quan)意識(shi)，定期(qi)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)宣教活(huo)動，將(jiang)(jiang)安(an)全(quan)措施(shi)落(luo)實到實處，不走過場，才能(neng)夠確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行。

3結語

篇9

【關鍵詞】水利工(gong)程；文明施工(gong)；環境保護

在(zai)整個(ge)水利工(gong)程的(de)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中，將(jiang)在(zai)業(ye)主的(de)領(ling)導下，按照(zhao)國家(jia)和(he)(he)地方有關文明(ming)(ming)、環保施(shi)工(gong)的(de)標準(zhun)，全(quan)力以赴地搞(gao)好施(shi)工(gong)的(de)文明(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)環保建設，創建一個(ge)文明(ming)(ming)整潔、科學(xue)有序的(de)文明(ming)(ming)工(gong)地。

0 概述

1）基本原則與(yu)目標

始終(zhong)堅持生(sheng)產(chan)和環(huan)境保(bao)護的原則同步(bu)實施，還必須(xu)掌握抓生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)境，所有(you)員工必須(xu)始終(zhong)注(zhu)重環(huan)保(bao)。預(yu)防污(wu)染，節能降耗(hao)，清潔生(sheng)產(chan)，土建施工。

創建“安(an)全文明型，健康環保(bao)型”施(shi)工現(xian)場，并實(shi)現(xian)了(le)“美化(hua)，綠化(hua)，清潔(jie)，照明，硬化(hua)。”

為此，該項目(mu)必須采取有(you)效措施，防止和(he)消除(chu)施工造成任何環(huan)境(jing)污染，使這個(ge)項目(mu)的(de)范圍，所有(you)的(de)建設必須保持環(huan)境(jing)質量，滿足(zu)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)法及有(you)關規定和(he)要(yao)求。

2）管理組織機構

建立環(huan)境(jing)領導小組。由項目(mu)經(jing)理，副(fu)警(jing)力(li)，各部(bu)(bu)門。在安(an)(an)全和環(huan)境(jing)保護部(bu)(bu)設辦事處(chu)，安(an)(an)全和環(huan)境(jing)保護署負責的日常業務。

領導班子認(ren)真落實(shi)環(huan)境政策，法律(lv)和(he)法規、批(pi)準的(de)環(huan)境保護(hu)規劃，提高各(ge)部門的(de)環(huan)境管理責(ze)(ze)任制，定期研(yan)究解決環(huan)保問題的(de)環(huan)保負責(ze)(ze)。組(zu)織和(he)舉辦比賽環(huan)境檢查活動，總結了環(huan)保和(he)推廣先進經驗，實(shi)行(xing)對負責(ze)(ze)人的(de)獎(jiang)勵、處罰意見和(he)改進措施。

1 文明施(shi)工保(bao)證措(cuo)施(shi)

水利工程施工現場文(wen)明施工保證措施可以從以下幾個方面入(ru)手：

（1）成立文明建設領(ling)導小組，制定文明施(shi)工規定，分片包干進(jin)行(xing)(xing)現(xian)場(chang)文明施(shi)工管(guan)(guan)理，責(ze)任到人(ren)(ren)。加(jia)強文明建設宣傳力度(du)，民用建筑施(shi)工人(ren)(ren)員的教育，創造團結，進(jin)步，友愛的工作環(huan)境。每(mei)月組織文明施(shi)工檢查，嚴格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)“文明建設獎勵制度(du)”。充分進(jin)行(xing)(xing)教育培訓的施(shi)工隊，以(yi)防止與當地居(ju)民發生糾紛。流動人(ren)(ren)員進(jin)入現(xian)場(chang)勞動，先登記，由勞動行(xing)(xing)政主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門的人(ren)(ren)口(kou)管(guan)(guan)理。

（2）加強對賭博，迷(mi)信，打架，盜(dao)竊等(deng)違法(fa)違規(gui)行為的預(yu)防和(he)管理(li)，如果發現有必要，可以通過治安管理(li)機關處置。

（3）現場參加勞(lao)動的(de)人員，根(gen)據(ju)其不同的(de)類型，不同崗位工作發(fa)放必要(yao)的(de)勞(lao)動防護用品，如頭盔(kui)，手套等，高溫季節提(ti)供茶水，并準備防暑藥。

（4）嚴格按照經業主(zhu)批(pi)準的建(jian)設施工(gong)組織設計(ji)平面圖(tu)，提(ti)高整體現場(chang)施工(gong)平面控(kong)制與調度管理，以確保現場(chang)的水，電，道路通(tong)暢(chang)，建(jian)筑(zhu)原(yuan)材(cai)料，成(cheng)品，半成(cheng)品，機械(xie)設備整齊。未(wei)經批(pi)準的其他領域面積不得堆放(fang)材(cai)料，設備，或任何侵占道路，場(chang)場(chang)容量分片(pian)包干，及時運送建(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)圾。

（5）施(shi)(shi)工現場按規(gui)定設(she)置六(liu)牌(pai)二圖。其中，建(jian)筑標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應符合當地(di)法規(gui)建(jian)設(she)委(wei)員會(hui)文件，說明項目名稱，項目負責人(ren)和(he)竣工日期，施(shi)(shi)工單位(wei)，監(jian)理單位(wei)，施(shi)(shi)工單位(wei)，施(shi)(shi)工標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)字跡要整齊，智能(neng)，掛在(zai)顯眼(yan)的(de)地(di)方(fang)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工現場入口處(chu)，并設(she)立防雨篷。

（6）臨時建設(she)基地方位(wei)，布(bu)局合理，堅實(shi)牢固，臨時生產區有明確的界限輔助標志(zhi)，保持清潔(jie)，并定期考(kao)核。基地周圍彩(cai)鋼板連續(xu)設(she)置(zhi)的臨時建筑墻體，項目設(she)計門金屬材料，大門兩側(ce)要有施工(gong)單位(wei)標志(zhi)。

（7）施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場場地平整(zheng)，排水(shui)暢通(tong)，無泥，入(ru)口通(tong)暢，建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)污水(shui)排放前經(jing)過沉(chen)淀；柵(zha)欄或(huo)鐵(tie)絲網按“三個一”標準(zhun)設(she)(she)(she)置臨時道路(lu)堅實平整(zheng)，道路(lu)是高(gao)于自然地面為200mm。場時間清洗道路(lu)，干燥，多風的天氣要及時澆水(shui)。嚴(yan)格(ge)按照批準(zhun)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案組織(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)，提高(gao)勞動，建(jian)筑設(she)(she)(she)備和物料平衡，安(an)全(quan)和有序建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。堅決貫徹(che)執行工(gong)(gong)藝紀律(lv)，嚴(yan)格(ge)遵(zun)守(shou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中，加強各(ge)類(lei)工(gong)(gong)作的協(xie)調(diao)，組織(zhi)銜(xian)接和交叉施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

（8）材(cai)料進入現(xian)場，必須仔細放(fang)置，標志準(zhun)確。特(te)殊的材(cai)料和設備，應采取(qu)分(fen)別根據需(xu)要防(fang)曬，防(fang)潮，防(fang)凍，防(fang)腐蝕及(ji)其他措施。特(te)殊材(cai)質材(cai)料顏色清除。預制(zhi)構件存放(fang)整齊地堆(dui)放(fang)場，醒目的標志。

（9）安(an)全(quan)消防設施(shi)(shi)全(quan)，施(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員必(bi)須嚴格遵守(shou)安(an)全(quan)和消防法(fa)規，堅決杜絕違章(zhang)指揮，違章(zhang)操作(zuo)，違章(zhang)建筑，安(an)全(quan)標(biao)志明顯。施(shi)(shi)工的現(xian)場(chang)要隨時(shi)根(gen)據(ju)完(wan)工情況，清(qing)理現(xian)場(chang)。項目完(wan)成后，及時(shi)清(qing)理現(xian)場(chang)所(suo)有臨時(shi)設施(shi)(shi)和垃圾，交還場(chang)地(di)。

（10）項目具有完整的質量保證體系(xi)和完善的質量保證體系(xi)，嚴格(ge)按照施工圖紙(zhi)及說明書，有良好(hao)的職業道(dao)德，做好(hao)成(cheng)品和半成(cheng)品的保護。嚴格(ge)履(lv)行(xing)合同期(qi)間，精心組織，如期(qi)建(jian)設，真正做到各種施工記錄，做到工程(cheng)實體、交(jiao)工資料、結算文件(jian)三(san)同

。

2 環境保護措施

2.1 采取(qu)環境保護措(cuo)施(shi)，以防(fang)止施(shi)工污(wu)(wu)水污(wu)(wu)染

（1）建設(she)過程中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)廢(fei)(fei)水可能污(wu)染周圍環境。施工(gong)過程中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)廢(fei)(fei)水、廢(fei)(fei)油(you)。機械和設(she)備以及(ji)車輛沉箱領域所產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)泥(ni)漿(jiang)和生(sheng)活和辦公垃(la)圾。

（2）施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)油回收罐，準備(bei)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)機械和設(she)備(bei)回收產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)油。廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)在基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)和預制(zhi)混凝土施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場安置良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)下水(shui)道和廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)儲存(cun)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)布局和建(jian)設(she)，建(jian)設(she)污水(shui)收集(ji)存(cun)儲，集(ji)中處理。同樣(yang)，辦公室產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活污水(shui)，污水(shui)回收池的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)，集(ji)中無(wu)害化處理。

（3）在施工中嚴(yan)格執行(xing)下列規定(ding)：執行(xing)國家“污(wu)水(shui)綜(zong)合排放(fang)(fang)標(biao)準”，堅決防(fang)止(zhi)任意(yi)排亂放(fang)(fang)污(wu)水(shui)，油和(he)各種廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)，禁止(zhi)利用滲(shen)坑，滲(shen)井，裂隙排放(fang)(fang)，傾(qing)倒污(wu)水(shui)，建筑(zhu)污(wu)水(shui)集中處(chu)理且(qie)必須符(fu)合環保(bao)要求之前流出，以防(fang)止(zhi)污(wu)染附近水(shui)域；禁止(zhi)排放(fang)(fang)入海(hai)垃(la)圾，廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)，廢(fei)(fei)機油，酸和(he)堿液體(ti)和(he)其他有(you)毒廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)，禁止(zhi)在水(shui)清洗設備或其他有(you)毒污(wu)染物(wu)超過油容器(qi)；禁止(zhi)排放(fang)(fang)或傾(qing)倒入海(hai)的任何過量的放(fang)(fang)射性(xing)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)和(he)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)；拋(pao)石等水(shui)上施工作業，采取(qu)保(bao)護措施，以防(fang)止(zhi)水(shui)的污(wu)染。所(suo)有(you)船舶所(suo)產生的污(wu)水(shui)，以滿足減排目(mu)標(biao)，并(bing)外排，并(bing)禁止(zhi)海(hai)洋垃(la)圾和(he)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)，防(fang)止(zhi)海(hai)洋污(wu)染。

2.2 采取(qu)空氣污染保護措施，以防止灰(hui)塵

（1）土方施工粉(fen)塵污染(ran)主要是由于運(yun)輸和裝卸。山區可能發生的(de)(de)石(shi)粉(fen)塵污染(ran)負荷(he)的(de)(de)限制石(shi)的(de)(de)石(shi)材供應商，含(han)泥量控制。回填石(shi)產生的(de)(de)粉(fen)塵定期(qi)澆水通(tong)道，石(shi)覆(fu)蓋著(zhu)帆布運(yun)輸和其他(ta)措施來(lai)控制它。

（2）工(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)燃料排放的(de)空氣(qi)污(wu)染排放造成的(de)。施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)和(he)設備的(de)燃料氣(qi)體通(tong)過(guo)定(ding)期維修和(he)保養，保持(chi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)設備始終(zhong)處于良好狀態(tai)得到(dao)控制。

（3）在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行下列規定(ding)：施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)產生的廢(fei)氣(qi)，粉(fen)塵必須注明(ming)“大氣(qi)污染物排(pai)放標準”規定(ding)的排(pai)放標準；禁止(zhi)焚燒會產生有毒或惡臭氣(qi)體；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)材料(liao)堆(dui)放和混凝土攪拌站(zhan)，采取防塵，抑塵措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，以控制粉(fen)塵，隨時澆水(shui)，以減少粉(fen)塵污染水(shui)平，為防止(zhi)散裝材料(liao)運輸過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的灰(hui)塵，用(yong)帆布遮蓋，灑水(shui)應堆(dui)放覆蓋，確保(bao)使用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不會漂浮(fu)在空氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)到處飛(fei)揚(yang)。

2.3 采取環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)措施(shi)，以(yi)防止噪音污染

（1）施工噪(zao)聲(sheng)主要來自大型機械及設備，如(ru)粘土壓(ya)實機，攪(jiao)拌樁和大型輔助施工設備的建(jian)設。

（2）在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)下列規定：限制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)噪(zao)聲排放(fang)標準，并嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)項目(mu)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)時間限制(zhi)的(de)(de)位置；盡量減少(shao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)機械造成(cheng)的(de)(de)噪(zao)音污染，嘈雜的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設(she)，需要(yao)對設(she)備進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)置隔(ge)音罩隔(ge)音屏(ping)障，限制(zhi)噪(zao)音的(de)(de)傳播；途徑城市(shi)建設(she)應避(bi)免車輛按喇叭(ba)鳴號，尤(you)其(qi)是在(zai)夜間，確保給附近居民提(ti)供一個安靜的(de)(de)生(sheng)活環境。

環境噪(zao)聲(sheng)對沿(yan)線(xian)敏感點的(de)通行(xing)證，并沿(yan)著人(ren)口(kou)稠(chou)密(mi)地區(qu)，控制強噪(zao)聲(sheng)施工機(ji)械夜(ye)間的(de)工作時間，以減少辦公(gong)室，學校，居民區(qu)的(de)影(ying)響。

2.4 采取環境保護措(cuo)施，防止(zhi)生態污(wu)染(ran)

施(shi)工應采取措施(shi)，以保(bao)(bao)護河(he)流生(sheng)態系(xi)統，禁止沿河(he)排放廢水保(bao)(bao)護飲(yin)用水源(yuan)。禁止施(shi)工產生(sheng)的棄土、垃(la)圾(ji)和生(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)傾(qing)倒入(ru)(ru)河(he)，工程機械(xie)油禁令，禁止排入(ru)(ru)水體河(he)道內(nei)清洗車輛(liang)，工程機械(xie)和儲存石油和其(qi)他污染(ran)物的容器，盡可能(neng)減少對河(he)流的影響。混凝土攪拌(ban)站應設(she)置在一個較低的長(chang)期主(zhu)導(dao)風向，遠離居民區等環境敏感(gan)區500米外(wai)的混合(he)廠區應硬化，并(bing)保(bao)(bao)持濕潤，攪拌(ban)設(she)備應配備防塵(chen)設(she)施(shi)。

篇10

【關鍵(jian)詞】水利工程(cheng) 建(jian)筑施(shi)工 合同管理

一、前言

水利工程(cheng)花費(fei)大、工期(qi)長、施(shi)工程(cheng)序(xu)復雜(za)(za)、牽(qian)涉面廣，施(shi)工管(guan)理和合同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理都比較繁雜(za)(za)而(er)且有難(nan)度。合同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理是水利工程(cheng)建設的重要(yao)前提(ti)，所以一定要(yao)側重合同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理，才(cai)能(neng)確保(bao)工程(cheng)的質量取得投(tou)資效益。

二、目前水利工程合同的(de)管理中(zhong)存在的(de)問題

（一(yi)）合同管理中(zhong)常見的問題

（1）合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)簽訂階段。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)主(zhu)體選(xuan)擇的(de)不(bu)適合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)體合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)格，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)有(you)(you)效確立合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)前(qian)提條件(jian)之一(yi)。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)格的(de)主(zhu)體，首先應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擁有(you)(you)相應的(de)民事行為能(neng)(neng)(neng)力以及民事權利(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)本人。合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)簽訂時，應該杜絕兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)況：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即使擁有(you)(you)以上(shang)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，可(ke)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)本人，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當事人出錯(cuo)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)主(zhu)體不(bu)對(dui)(dui)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即使是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)本人，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卻(que)沒有(you)(you)以上(shang)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)主(zhu)體不(bu)對(dui)(dui)。

合(he)同上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文字表述很含(han)糊(hu)。按照法律制定的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效應的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同，就應該表達出雙方的(de)(de)(de)(de)真實的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思，字面寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)糊(hu)不清的(de)(de)(de)(de)，容易出現分歧和誤會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，就會(hui)使合(he)同很難(nan)實施或者(zhe)會(hui)引發爭議。

合(he)同上的條款以及內容有(you)(you)缺失，而(er)缺失的常常是有(you)(you)可(ke)能違約(yue)的那(nei)一部(bu)分。有(you)(you)的合(he)同只說好話，不(bu)說丑話；不(bu)明白 “先小人(ren)后君子(zi)”的簽合(he)同秘訣(jue)，一旦出現了違約(yue)的現象，在合(he)同中(zhong)就不(bu)能找到違約(yue)應該怎樣(yang)解(jie)決的條款了。

（2）合(he)(he)同履行(xing)階段。本來(lai)應該(gai)更(geng)(geng)(geng)改(gai)(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同卻(que)(que)沒有(you)(you)得到更(geng)(geng)(geng)改(gai)(gai)。合(he)(he)同更(geng)(geng)(geng)改(gai)(gai)有(you)(you)合(he)(he)同內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)以及(ji)合(he)(he)同主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)這兩種形(xing)式。按法定(ding)程序對原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)同更(geng)(geng)(geng)改(gai)(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，確(que)保(bao)合(he)(he)同能夠更(geng)(geng)(geng)好實施(shi)以及(ji)相應目的(de)(de)(de)(de)能夠完成(cheng)。作為承包(bao)方，更(geng)(geng)(geng)應該(gai)注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)保(bao)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)權益，重(zhong)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)地進行(xing)相應更(geng)(geng)(geng)改(gai)(gai)。簽證在履約(yue)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十分正常和重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)一部分現場(chang)管理人員(yuan)對這件事(shi)卻(que)(que)不(bu)(bu)注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)，當出(chu)(chu)現矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，因不(bu)(bu)能拿出(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)憑證致使敗(bai)訴。工(gong)程結(jie)束卻(que)(que)不(bu)(bu)能及(ji)時(shi)拿到工(gong)程款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但卻(que)(que)沒及(ji)時(shi)維(wei)權，當時(shi)才(cai)發(fa)覺(jue)已經超出(chu)(chu)了訴訟期限，導致不(bu)(bu)能追(zhui)回相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠償。

能(neng)夠使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)卻(que)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。《合同(tong)(tong)法》給予了(le)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本人反抗(kang)辯(bian)駁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)，可(ke)是(shi)很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)單位不(bu)會使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。如果發(fa)包方不(bu)能(neng)依照合同(tong)(tong)上(shang)所(suo)約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度付(fu)款，施工(gong)(gong)單位就能(neng)夠使(shi)用(yong)(yong)反抗(kang)辯(bian)駁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)停止繼續(xu)工(gong)(gong)作，可(ke)是(shi)卻(que)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，因(yin)為(wei)害怕一方面停止工(gong)(gong)作會擔(dan)負違約的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任，所(suo)以在客(ke)觀(guan)上(shang)導致(zhi)了(le)自(zi)己墊(dian)錢施工(gong)(gong)，導致(zhi)發(fa)包方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)欠債越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多(duo)，問題(ti)就越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)難處理。同(tong)(tong)時應(ying)當注重(zhong)擁(yong)有(you)法律效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)憑據卻(que)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)非常重(zhong)視，真正有(you)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)據，應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)有(you)真實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容、相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原件、有(you)簽名(ming)以及蓋章、沒(mei)(mei)有(you)超過(guo)限定(ding)日期等(deng)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序。沒(mei)(mei)有(you)法律效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書面字(zi)據僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙一張(zhang)罷了(le)。

（二）市場行為不夠規范，合同管理形同虛設

招投標(biao)過程中還有非常(chang)多的(de)(de)問題產生(sheng)，例如(ru)：發包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)特意(yi)用不(bu)(bu)合理的(de)(de)條(tiao)件來減(jian)少得(de)標(biao)的(de)(de)價(jia)錢，可是更多的(de)(de)承包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)為了(le)(le)企業(ye)的(de)(de)利益和自己的(de)(de)生(sheng)存，就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)接受發包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)這(zhe)樣苛刻的(de)(de)條(tiao)件；還有承包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)為了(le)(le)得(de)到標(biao)而與其他的(de)(de)承包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)串通，來增加(jia)得(de)標(biao)的(de)(de)價(jia)錢，或承包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)中途不(bu)(bu)繼(ji)續進行投標(biao)，所以導致了(le)(le)發包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)損失(shi)了(le)(le)一(yi)定數目的(de)(de)X財(cai)。這(zhe)些不(bu)(bu)正規的(de)(de)做法侵(qin)擾了(le)(le)建(jian)設(she)市場的(de)(de)經(jing)濟秩序，也使(shi)發包(bao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)招投標(biao)根本無(wu)法成功，施(shi)工的(de)(de)項目就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)順利的(de)(de)完成，也就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)確保工程的(de)(de)質量。

（三(san)）水利(li)工(gong)程合同缺(que)乏有效的約束機(ji)制

在(zai)水利工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)缺少束縛(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力度，工(gong)程招(zhao)投的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規則相對(dui)簡單，對(dui)應該(gai)重(zhong)視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方沒(mei)有(you)重(zhong)視(shi)，而使合(he)同(tong)在(zai)簽約和實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)產生了很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)會(hui)因(yin)為沒(mei)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)而不(bu)能對(dui)工(gong)程進行(xing)深(shen)層次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探索，合(he)同(tong)不(bu)能提前知(zhi)道事物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展狀況，所以(yi)在(zai)合(he)同(tong)施行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)產生問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，雙方又要再次(ci)商議，導致在(zai)工(gong)程建設上出現了很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩。不(bu)能確保(bao)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，而且也(ye)使工(gong)期變得更長(chang)。

（四）合(he)(he)同(tong)雙方(fang)不按合(he)(he)同(tong)辦事，影響工程的(de)順利實施

在施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，有的(de)(de)(de)發包(bao)方(fang)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)做到(dao)像合同上所(suo)(suo)寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)那樣，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)及時給(gei)予(yu)本應(ying)給(gei)予(yu)的(de)(de)(de)資源條件，甚至根本不(bu)能(neng)(neng)給(gei)予(yu)，導致了(le)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)按時的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)工(gong)，或(huo)者實施的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)進行十分的(de)(de)(de)慢，有的(de)(de)(de)時候由于開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)還沒有好好地準備就急(ji)忙地開(kai)工(gong)了(le)，致使工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)問題陸(lu)陸(lu)續續的(de)(de)(de)產生，而且(qie)也導致了(le)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)期被長期的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)脫，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)完成所(suo)(suo)有合同中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)，導致了(le)項目(mu)根本就不(bu)能(neng)(neng)順利(li)進行。

（五）違(wei)法轉(zhuan)包等現象

在合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律上有確(que)切的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)：承(cheng)包方不能把(ba)自己承(cheng)包的(de)(de)(de)所有工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)給其他人(ren)，或(huo)者是把(ba)自己承(cheng)包的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)通過(guo)分解，而以分開(kai)承(cheng)包的(de)(de)(de)方式來(lai)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)給其他人(ren)。并(bing)且也(ye)不允(yun)許承(cheng)包方把(ba)自己的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)給一(yi)些(xie)沒有法(fa)律效應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設單位。但是在實際(ji)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，卻(que)依舊(jiu)有非(fei)法(fa)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)現象，并(bing)且越來(lai)越嚴重。這就(jiu)會導致在實施合同(tong)上有很大的(de)(de)(de)困(kun)難，就(jiu)會很難確(que)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，致使產生(sheng)一(yi)些(xie)錢財上的(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)，而影響了工(gong)(gong)期。

三、合同管理中存在問題的(de)主要原因(yin)

（一）認識根源

（1）對(dui)市場(chang)與合(he)同的(de)關系(xi)缺乏認(ren)識。隨著市場(chang)經濟慢慢地(di)向(xiang)前(qian)發展，合(he)同與市場(chang)兩者(zhe)存在(zai)著一種(zhong)相互依靠的(de)關系(xi)。由于市場(chang)的(de)運行(xing)要有合(he)同的(de)存在(zai)，《合(he)同法》制(zhi)定合(he)同存在(zai)三種(zhong)方式(shi)：書面、口頭以及其(qi)他方式(shi)。

（2）這種認識也是一種兩者相(xiang)互依靠的關系。合(he)同(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)是合(he)同(tong)更改、終止(zhi)、談判、或者簽(qian)訂等整個過(guo)程的治(zhi)理(li)(li)。合(he)同(tong)出(chu)現比(bi)合(he)同(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)的早一個時期。

（二）法律根源

（1）合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)滯(zhi)后。如(ru)：我(wo)國的(de)(de)《經(jing)濟合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》直到(dao)(dao)1981年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)才出(chu)(chu)臺，到(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)出(chu)(chu)臺了(le)(le)《涉外經(jing)濟合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，1987年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)出(chu)(chu)臺了(le)(le)《技術合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》。可(ke)(ke)是(shi)以上三部合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)卻(que)都不能跟上市場經(jing)濟的(de)(de)腳步，很多新的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)問題在法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)上都是(shi)沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)。到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)1993年(nian)又修改(gai)了(le)(le)《經(jing)濟合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，可(ke)(ke)是(shi)這次(ci)的(de)(de)改(gai)動卻(que)僅僅是(shi)暫時性(xing)的(de)(de)，而(er)且沒有(you)(you)除去合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)等其它(ta)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)共同(tong)存在和有(you)(you)關法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規定相互矛盾的(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。一直到(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)才制(zhi)定了(le)(le)統一的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。現(xian)代(dai)水利工程管理復(fu)雜，法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)建設要與時俱進。

（2）合同(tong)(tong)法律意識滯后。最顯眼的(de)做法是不明白合同(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)合同(tong)(tong)法律的(de)關系，制(zhi)定和(he)(he)實施合同(tong)(tong)常(chang)常(chang)與(yu)合同(tong)(tong)法律分離(li)，想如(ru)(ru)何(he)(he)寫就(jiu)如(ru)(ru)何(he)(he)寫，想如(ru)(ru)何(he)(he)簽就(jiu)如(ru)(ru)何(he)(he)簽，沒有依據法律制(zhi)定和(he)(he)實施的(de)意識，而導致(zhi)出現了問題(ti)，造成(cheng)了很(hen)多的(de)失誤和(he)(he)損失。合同(tong)(tong)法律是合同(tong)(tong)制(zhi)定和(he)(he)實施整個(ge)過程中的(de)法律準則，換句話說(shuo)就(jiu)是合同(tong)(tong)要依據法律來制(zhi)定。

（三）部分合同管理人員(yuan)素質有待提高

合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員的(de)綜(zong)合(he)素質和責(ze)任感，是合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)正確履行(xing)的(de)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素。合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)工程管(guan)(guan)理(li)知(zhi)識(shi)和相關(guan)的(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)法律知(zhi)識(shi)，方可及時(shi)發(fa)現問題并(bing)妥善解(jie)決。作(zuo)為工程合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員除了要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)學習能力外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)不斷提升能力的(de)內在動(dong)力，積(ji)極探索、提升素質，方能保證工程合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)科學、規范。

四、結語

目前我國的(de)(de)水利行業正在飛速進展(zhan)，管(guan)(guan)理制度也在慢(man)慢(man)地提(ti)高，建筑行業的(de)(de)生產(chan)模式(shi)和(he)(he)其(qi)單位人員(yuan)內部管(guan)(guan)理都有了很(hen)大的(de)(de)變化(hua)。自從我國成為WTO一員(yuan)以(yi)來，在我們面前出現了更(geng)多的(de)(de)挑戰以(yi)及(ji)機遇，要想讓企(qi)業在經濟上取得更(geng)大的(de)(de)利益(yi)，更(geng)好的(de)(de)貢獻于社會，就一定要更(geng)加側(ce)重工(gong)程合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理，緊跟時代的(de)(de)腳步，和(he)(he)全球頂級技術相(xiang)連接，把(ba)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)做得更(geng)加出色。

參考文獻：

[1]任玉振，艾明明.淺(qian)析水(shui)利工程(cheng)建(jian)設施(shi)工合同管理[J].東北水(shui)利水(shui)電，2010 ，（04）.

[2]王宇，張玲霞，李(li)世(shi)光.對水利(li)工程施工合(he)同管理問題的探討[J].科技信息(xi)，2009，（9）.