導語：如何(he)才能(neng)寫好一篇(pian)工程變(bian)更(geng)相關規(gui)定(ding)，這(zhe)就需要搜集整(zheng)理更(geng)多(duo)的資料和文獻，歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整(zheng)理的十(shi)篇(pian)范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞(ci)：責(ze)任(ren)主體 質(zhi)量(liang)行為 常見(jian)問(wen)題 對策

“百年大計、質量第一”，質量是工程建設的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)，但在市場經濟(ji)環(huan)境下，工程(cheng)建設各方責(ze)任主體往往為了(le)追逐(zhu)自身利益最大化，忽視或犧牲工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)行為問題(ti)是工程(cheng)建設質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)源頭，分析近年來的(de)(de)(de)各種工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)，可以(yi)發現其背(bei)后必(bi)然存在違規的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)行為，本文(wen)針(zhen)對工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督執(zhi)法過程(cheng)中經常發現的(de)(de)(de)幾個質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)行為問題(ti)，結合相關規范、規定的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款(kuan)，提出了(le)對策。

1、施(shi)工現(xian)場未配備(bei)必要(yao)的施(shi)工技(ji)術標(biao)準

主要現象：施工現場無工程(cheng)施工必(bi)須的規(gui)范、標(biao)準、圖集，或只有相關規(gui)范標(biao)準的電子文檔，導致施工人(ren)員不了解相關規(gui)定、要求，產生質量、安全問題。

相關規(gui)定：《工程質量監(jian)督工作(zuo)導則》（建(jian)設(she)部，2003年(nian)8月5日）4.0.4條(tiao)規(gui)定：監(jian)督機構應對(dui)施(shi)工現場(chang)操作(zuo)技術(shu)規(gui)程及國(guo)家有關規(gui)范、標準的配置情況(kuang)進行抽(chou)查；《建(jian)筑工程施(shi)工質量驗收統一標準》（GB 50300-2013）3.0.1條(tiao)規(gui)定：施(shi)工現場(chang)應具有相應的施(shi)工技術(shu)標準。

應(ying)對措施：現(xian)場監(jian)理和甲方代表(biao)要加(jia)強(qiang)管理，應(ying)把(ba)施工現(xian)場是否配備必要的(de)(de)施工技(ji)術標準列(lie)為(wei)工程開工的(de)(de)必要條件之一，工程質量監(jian)督站也應(ying)把(ba)其列(lie)為(wei)必須抽查的(de)(de)施工單位的(de)(de)質量行為(wei)之一。

2、施工組(zu)織設計審批不規范

主要現象：施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計未上報施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)，由現場項目(mu)(mu)部自行(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)，審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)人(ren)員(yuan)為項目(mu)(mu)經理或項目(mu)(mu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)人(ren)員(yuan)簽名為技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)，但實際上由現場項目(mu)(mu)部人(ren)員(yuan)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計由施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)授權的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)，但無(wu)相關授權證明(ming)文(wen)件；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計雖由施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)，但流于形式，并未進(jin)行(xing)(xing)實質(zhi)性(xing)審(shen)查(cha)，相關內容等與實際不符。

相關規定：《建筑施(shi)(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)規范》（GB 50502-2009）3.0.5條規定：施(shi)(shi)工組織(zhi)總(zong)設計(ji)應由總(zong)承包單(dan)位技術負責(ze)人審(shen)批，單(dan)位工程施(shi)(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)應由施(shi)(shi)工單(dan)位技術負責(ze)人或(huo)技術負責(ze)人授權的技術人員審(shen)批。

應對(dui)措施(shi)：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計是否合理是直接影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)的關(guan)鍵因素，制(zhi)定和(he)采用先進合理的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)管理的重(zhong)要(yao)環節(jie)，監(jian)理和(he)建設(she)單(dan)位要(yao)指導和(he)督促施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位嚴格(ge)按相關(guan)規定編報施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計，避免(mian)流(liu)于形式。

3、現場施工安全技(ji)術(shu)交底不落實

主(zhu)要(yao)現(xian)象：施工(gong)單位現(xian)場技術(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)未按要(yao)求向施工(gong)作(zuo)業班組(zu)和作(zuo)業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行安全技術(shu)交底，致使施工(gong)作(zuo)業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)不了解相關(guan)技術(shu)要(yao)求和安全要(yao)求，由此引(yin)發工(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量安全問題，嚴重(zhong)的出現(xian)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全事故。

相關(guan)規定：《建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安全生產(chan)管理條(tiao)例》（2003年11月(yue)14日國(guo)務院令(ling)第393號）第27條(tiao)規定：建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)負責項目管理的技術(shu)人(ren)員應(ying)當對(dui)有關(guan)安全施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的技術(shu)要求向施(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業班組、作(zuo)業人(ren)員作(zuo)出(chu)詳(xiang)細說明(ming)，并由雙方簽字確(que)認。

應對措施(shi)：監理和建設(she)單(dan)位在對施(shi)工安(an)全交底記錄(lu)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)的(de)基礎(chu)上，應結合(he)現場(chang)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)、抽(chou)查(cha)(cha)、詢(xun)問作業(ye)人員等措施(shi)，督促施(shi)工單(dan)位真正把施(shi)工安(an)全技術(shu)交底制度(du)落到實處；工程質量(liang)監督站要(yao)加(jia)大抽(chou)查(cha)(cha)力度(du)和頻度(du)，不僅要(yao)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)施(shi)工安(an)全技術(shu)交底記錄(lu)，還要(yao)結合(he)現場(chang)人員進(jin)行(xing)問詢(xun)調查(cha)(cha)、隨機(ji)抽(chou)查(cha)(cha)。

4、設計文件重大修(xiu)改后未重新組織進(jin)行施工圖審查

主要現象：施工(gong)過程中需對(dui)設計(ji)文件進(jin)行(xing)重大修改，建設單位未將修改后的施工(gong)圖送(song)原審查機(ji)構審查，即組織施工(gong)單位進(jin)行(xing)施工(gong)。

相關規定(ding)：《建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)勘(kan)察設(she)(she)計管理條例》（2000年(nian)9月5日(ri)(ri)國務院(yuan)令(ling)第(di)(di)293號）第(di)(di)28條規定(ding)：建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)勘(kan)察、設(she)(she)計文件內(nei)容需要作重(zhong)大修(xiu)改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位應(ying)(ying)當報經原審(shen)批機關批準后，方可修(xiu)改(gai)；《房屋建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑和(he)市政基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖設(she)(she)計文件審(shen)查管理辦法》（2004年(nian)8月23日(ri)(ri)國務院(yuan)令(ling)第(di)(di)134號）第(di)(di)11、14條規定(ding)：任何個人和(he)單(dan)位不得擅(shan)自(zi)修(xiu)改(gai)審(shen)查合格的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖，確(que)需修(xiu)改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)，凡涉及工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)強制性(xing)標準、地基基礎和(he)主體結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)等內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)位應(ying)(ying)當將修(xiu)改(gai)后的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖送原審(shen)查機構(gou)審(shen)查。

應對(dui)措施(shi)：建設(she)單位(wei)管理人員(yuan)要(yao)提高法規意識和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)意識，切實嚴格執行(xing)(xing)(xing)相關規定，設(she)計文件進行(xing)(xing)(xing)重大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改的(de)必須(xu)按(an)程(cheng)序重新報(bao)審；工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督站要(yao)加強執法檢查，并(bing)加大(da)(da)處罰(fa)力度，設(she)計文件重大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改涉及工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和結構安(an)全(quan)，一旦(dan)發現設(she)計文件重大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改后未重新組織進行(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)審查情況的(de)，必須(xu)嚴懲不(bu)貸。

5、現場鋼筋代換未辦理設計變更手續

主要(yao)現象：施(shi)工過程中(zhong)，施(shi)工單(dan)位(wei)為了節約(yue)成(cheng)本使(shi)用庫存鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)，或現場(chang)缺乏(fa)設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)的鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)，需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)替換時，不(bu)按要(yao)求(qiu)辦理(li)(li)設計(ji)變更手(shou)續，尤其是當(dang)高規(gui)格、高級(ji)別(bie)的鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)替換低(di)規(gui)格、低(di)級(ji)別(bie)的鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)時，現場(chang)管理(li)(li)人員(yuan)普遍認為只要(yao)替換后(hou)的鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)截面積滿足設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)，質量(liang)安全就沒有任何問題，不(bu)必辦理(li)(li)設計(ji)變更手(shou)續。

相關規定：《混凝土結構工程(cheng)施(shi)工質(zhi)量驗收規范》（GB50204-2002，2010版）5.1.1條(tiao)（強制性條(tiao)文）規定(ding)：當鋼(gang)(gang)筋的(de)(de)品種、級別或規格需(xu)(xu)作(zuo)變更時，應(ying)辦理設(she)(she)計變更文件；同時條(tiao)文說明(ming)中明(ming)確(que)：為了保(bao)證(zheng)對設(she)(she)計意圖的(de)(de)理解不產(chan)生(sheng)偏差(cha)，當需(xu)(xu)要作(zuo)鋼(gang)(gang)筋代換(huan)時應(ying)辦理設(she)(she)計變更文件，以確(que)保(bao)原(yuan)結構設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，并(bing)明(ming)確(que)鋼(gang)(gang)筋代換(huan)由設(she)(she)計單位負責。

應對(dui)措施：現場工程管理(li)人員(yuan)尤其是建設(she)單位(wei)和(he)監理(li)要(yao)加強(qiang)學習、轉變(bian)觀(guan)念(nian)，指導和(he)督促施工單位(wei)嚴格執行相關規范，需要(yao)進(jin)行鋼筋(jin)代換時必須(xu)按(an)要(yao)求辦理(li)設(she)計變(bian)更手續。

6、鋼筋進場或調直(zhi)后未進行重(zhong)量偏差檢驗

主要現象：鋼筋(jin)進場僅抽(chou)取試件(jian)進行力學性能(neng)(neng)檢(jian)驗(yan)，未作重(zhong)量偏(pian)差檢(jian)驗(yan)；鋼筋(jin)調直后，不按規定進行抽(chou)樣檢(jian)驗(yan)，或只對力學性能(neng)(neng)進行復驗(yan)。

相關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)：《混(hun)凝土(tu)結(jie)構工(gong)程施工(gong)質(zhi)量驗(yan)收規(gui)范(fan)》（GB50204-2002，2010版(ban)）5.2.1條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)：鋼(gang)筋(jin)進(jin)場時，應(ying)按國家現(xian)行(xing)標(biao)準的規(gui)定(ding)抽取試(shi)件作力學性能和重量偏差檢驗(yan)，檢驗(yan)結(jie)果必須(xu)符合(he)有關(guan)標(biao)準的規(gui)定(ding)；5.3.2A條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)：鋼(gang)筋(jin)調直后應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)力學性能和重量偏差檢驗(yan)，其強度應(ying)符合(he)有關(guan)標(biao)準的規(gui)定(ding)。

應對措施(shi)：為防止鋼筋冷(leng)拉(la)過度(du)(du)改變鋼筋的(de)力(li)學性(xing)(xing)能，出現“瘦身鋼筋”，監(jian)(jian)理(li)要嚴格督促落實進(jin)場材料檢驗制度(du)(du)，鋼筋進(jin)場或調(diao)直后必須按(an)規范(fan)要求進(jin)行力(li)學性(xing)(xing)能和重(zhong)量偏(pian)差檢驗，杜絕(jue)不合(he)格鋼筋用于工(gong)程；工(gong)程質量監(jian)(jian)督站(zhan)要加大抽檢頻度(du)(du)和處罰力(li)度(du)(du)，對違反規定的(de)相關責(ze)任主(zhu)體要進(jin)行嚴肅處理(li)。

7、施工(gong)日志(zhi)填寫(xie)不規(gui)范(fan)

主要現象：施工日志填寫要素(su)不全，不能真(zhen)實反映工程施工情況；施工日志作假，為應付檢查“批量化”制作，集中進行編寫。

相關(guan)規(gui)定：《建設工程資料管理規(gui)程》（JGJ/T 185-2009）附錄C.1.6條要求，施(shi)工單位(wei)填(tian)寫的施(shi)工日志(zhi)應(ying)一式一份，并自行保管，內容應(ying)包括：工程名稱(cheng)，編號，日期，施(shi)工單位(wei)，天氣(qi)，風力，溫度，施(shi)工情(qing)況(kuang)記(ji)錄（施(shi)工部位(wei)、施(shi)工內容、機械(xie)使用情(qing)況(kuang)、勞動力情(qing)況(kuang)、施(shi)工存在的問題(ti)等），技術(shu)、質量、安(an)(an)全工作記(ji)錄（技術(shu)、質量、安(an)(an)全活(huo)動、檢查驗(yan)收、技術(shu)質量安(an)(an)全問題(ti)等），記(ji)錄人簽字。

應(ying)對措施：施工(gong)(gong)日(ri)志(zhi)是(shi)真實(shi)反映施工(gong)(gong)現場客觀情況的資(zi)料文件，監理要采取定期檢(jian)查(cha)和不(bu)定期抽(chou)查(cha)相結合的方法(fa)，督促施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位按要求(qiu)及時(shi)、如(ru)實(shi)進(jin)行填寫，不(bu)得(de)事后集中進(jin)行虛構編造(zao)應(ying)付(fu)檢(jian)查(cha)。

8、總監理工程師代表(biao)超(chao)越權限履行職責

主要現象：總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)代(dai)表(biao)無監(jian)(jian)理單位法定代(dai)表(biao)人同意的相關證明文件，無總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)授(shou)權書(shu)；總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)代(dai)表(biao)違(wei)規(gui)審(shen)批監(jian)(jian)理實(shi)施細則(ze)、組織審(shen)查施工(gong)組織設計(ji)、簽(qian)(qian)發開停工(gong)令(ling)、簽(qian)(qian)發工(gong)程(cheng)款支付書(shu)等，超越(yue)權限(xian)履行職責，甚至在實(shi)際上完(wan)全代(dai)替(ti)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)行使職責。

相關規定(ding)：《建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)規范》（GB/T 50319-2013）2.0.7條(tiao)規定(ding)：總監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師代(dai)表(biao)是(shi)經監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位(wei)法(fa)定(ding)代(dai)表(biao)人(ren)同意，由總監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師書面授權(quan)，代(dai)表(biao)總監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師行使其部分(fen)職責和(he)權(quan)力的(de)符合相關條(tiao)件的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)；3.2.2條(tiao)規定(ding)：總監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師不得委(wei)托給總監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師代(dai)表(biao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作有：組(zu)織(zhi)編(bian)制監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)規劃、審(shen)批監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)實施細(xi)則，調配監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)，組(zu)織(zhi)審(shen)查施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計、專(zhuan)項施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，簽發(fa)開、停、復工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)令(ling)，簽發(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款支付書，組(zu)織(zhi)審(shen)核竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結算，調解建設單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)合同爭議，處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)索(suo)賠，組(zu)織(zhi)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)預驗收，組(zu)織(zhi)編(bian)寫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)評估報告(gao)，參(can)與(yu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收，參(can)與(yu)或配合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全事故的(de)調查與(yu)處理(li)(li)。

應(ying)對措施：建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位要加(jia)強管理，現場增設(she)總監(jian)理工程師代表必須(xu)履行(xing)相關手(shou)續，并應(ying)在規定的權限(xian)內行(xing)使職責，不(bu)得越權；工程質量監(jian)督站要加(jia)強抽查，發(fa)現問(wen)題及時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)糾正。

以(yi)上問題，是眾多責(ze)(ze)(ze)任主體(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)問題之中比較常見的一部分(fen)，在實(shi)際工程建設(she)過程中，各方責(ze)(ze)(ze)任主體(ti)(ti)(ti)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)問題層(ceng)出不窮、千奇(qi)百怪，一不小心就可能留下(xia)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全隱患甚至釀(niang)成事故，工程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監督(du)機構應確(que)立行(xing)政執法的針(zhen)對性和權(quan)威性，切(qie)實(shi)加強對參建各方責(ze)(ze)(ze)任主體(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)的監督(du)檢(jian)查，通過規范質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)，促進工程實(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的提高。

參考資料：

1、《工程質量監督(du)工作導則》（建設(she)部，2003年8月(yue)5日）；

2、《建筑工程施(shi)工質量驗(yan)收統(tong)一標準(zhun)》GB 50300-2013；

3、《建筑(zhu)施工組織設計規范》GB 50502-2009；

4、《建筑工程(cheng)安全生產管理條例》（2003年11月(yue)14日國務院令(ling)第393號）；

5、《建設(she)工程勘察設(she)計(ji)管理條例(li)》（2000年9月5日國務院令(ling)第293號(hao)）；

6、《房屋(wu)建筑和市政基礎設施(shi)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)圖設計(ji)文件審查管理(li)辦法(fa)》（2004年8月23日國務院令第134號）；

7、《混(hun)凝土結構工程施工質量驗收規范》GB50204-2002（2010版(ban)）；

篇2

關(guan)鍵詞(ci)：工程總(zong)承包(bao)；設計(ji)

Abstract：The domestic construction companies to undertake overseas project contracting executive， facing a variety of risks. Designed as the most important part of the project cost， quality， and progress control plays a vital role. As a design-based engineering company develops， more needs to start from the design point of view， to minimize the cost of inputs for maximum benefits.

Keywords： general contracting； design

中冶京誠工(gong)程(cheng)技術有限(xian)公司獲得的印尼一(yi)家鋼鐵公司高爐(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)總承包工(gong)程(cheng)合同于(yu)2012年7月(yue)正式(shi)開(kai)工(gong)，當年11月(yue)完成(cheng)基本設(she)計(ji)并于(yu)次年3月(yue)完成(cheng)基本設(she)計(ji)審查后正式(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)詳細設(she)計(ji)。在(zai)詳細設(she)計(ji)階段，為了保(bao)證費用、質量、進度，我(wo)們主要(yao)采取了以下措施：

1.組織研(yan)讀理解合同及(ji)附(fu)件(jian)

（1）下發(fa)簽(qian)字版合同、技術(shu)附件及翻譯校正稿，組織項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)全體成員研讀合同，并對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)全過程的(de)進行講(jiang)解，便于參加人員理想本項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)特點和(he)(he)要求等，確保設計輸入的(de)完(wan)整性和(he)(he)符合型。

（2）對合同范圍和聯(lian)合體分(fen)工(gong)范圍詳細研究和明確(que)劃分(fen)；

（3）各設(she)計專(zhuan)業在(zai)提設(she)備(bei)訂(ding)貨技術(shu)文件和設(she)計委托書時，要求后附“簽字版技術(shu)附件”對應的主(zhu)要內(nei)容，確保上(shang)下游專(zhuan)業均嚴格按照(zhao)合同附件內(nei)容開展設(she)計。

（4）對合同技術附件中各種規定(ding)進行劃(hua)分，分為必(bi)須(xu)執行的、可調整的、可修改的等條款，在設計中進行區別對待和符合性(xing)設計。

（5）嚴格按照審(shen)定(ding)后(hou)的基本設(she)(she)計開(kai)展詳細設(she)(she)計，按照基本設(she)(she)計中確定(ding)的設(she)(she)計方案(an)、流程、設(she)(she)備選型等進行設(she)(she)計。

2.費用控制

2.1提高設計質(zhi)量

（1）設計方案充(chong)分考慮當地自然(ran)條件

當地屬(shu)于(yu)熱帶雨林氣候(hou)，高(gao)溫、多雨、潮濕(shi)，每次出差(cha)到印尼(ni)都到現場勘(kan)查、拍照、與業(ye)主(zhu)交流等方式(shi)(shi)多方面了解喀(ka)鋼現有設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)結(jie)構形式(shi)(shi)及特(te)點，在(zai)設(she)(she)計中(zhong)借(jie)鑒應用(yong)，優化設(she)(she)計方案，使設(she)(she)計更(geng)符合當地工程特(te)點

（2）下發工程(cheng)量限~指標

1）在開始基本設(she)計前，下達報(bao)價時的限(xian)額工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)清(qing)單，要求對(dui)各(ge)子項工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)進行(xing)核算，采取各(ge)種優(you)化措施確(que)(que)保限(xian)額指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，并對(dui)各(ge)系統的工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)限(xian)額指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)對(dui)標(biao)(biao)及(ji)簽(qian)字(zi)確(que)(que)認。

2）對(dui)完成(cheng)的(de)基本設計工程(cheng)量(liang)與合同技術附(fu)件(jian)工程(cheng)量(liang)進(jin)行對(dui)比，如(ru)果(guo)差別較大(da)，要(yao)認真分(fen)析(xi)和(he)核實其原因，對(dui)出現的(de)問題(ti)進(jin)行解決。

3）在詳細設計階段(duan)，對各子項工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進(jin)行及時核(he)算，隨圖(tu)紙提交對應的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)表，與工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)限額指標進(jin)行對比(bi)。

（3）優化設計方案和總圖布(bu)置

1）根(gen)據業主紅(hong)線坐(zuo)標修改(gai)及TOP接(jie)點修改(gai)，相應(ying)調整和優化總(zong)圖布(bu)置、總(zong)圖標高(gao)等；

2）優(you)化各工藝流程，供電、供水(shui)等公輔設施布(bu)置在集中負(fu)荷區域，確(que)保物流、介質流順暢，確(que)定最優(you)管線(xian)路由。

3）多版次調整(zheng)全(quan)廠總(zong)圖布(bu)置，調整(zheng)原料場、燒結、高爐、焦化、鐵(tie)水預處理、公輔區(qu)域布(bu)置，優化原燃(ran)料、能源介質等供應路徑。

4）對于各建(jian)構筑物，僅(jin)滿足合(he)同附件及工藝生產功能要求，不能貪大求全(quan)。

5）先期開展全廠(chang)綜合管(guan)網(wang)布(bu)置工作。小管(guan)道(dao)讓大管(guan)道(dao)，并盡量共架(jia)布(bu)置；電(dian)纜采用架(jia)空布(bu)置（不采用通廊(lang)式(shi)布(bu)置），并可(ke)與(yu)煤(mei)氣管(guan)道(dao)共架(jia)布(bu)置，要盡量借用皮(pi)帶通廊(lang)敷設等。

（4）編制設計偏離表

對基(ji)本設計方案和(he)(he)合同附(fu)件進行詳細對比，審查與(yu)合同技術附(fu)件的(de)符合性，同時(shi)，對于優化方案要準備相關資料與(yu)業主洽商，以(yi)取得業主的(de)理解和(he)(he)認可(ke)。

（5）嚴格變更管(guan)理

1）嚴格(ge)執行公司(si)設計變(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)審(shen)批流程。對(dui)于業主變(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)、施(shi)工(gong)單位變(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)、設計變(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)要及(ji)時做出變(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)原因和(he)預算，評估(gu)分析后決策。

2）制定變更(geng)索賠(pei)臺(tai)賬：對于業主變更(geng)、施工變更(geng)，按照合同中相關索賠(pei)條(tiao)款(kuan)辦理，要及時發出索賠(pei)函(han)。

3）對(dui)于重大方案變更，要及時(shi)向公司匯報(bao)，并召(zhao)開公司評審(shen)會(hui)審(shen)核。

（6）制(zhi)定(ding)獎罰措施(shi)

1）對于設(she)計優化成果，按照公司相關規定獎勵產值(zhi)；

2）對于簽字(zi)確認后超出(chu)工程量(liang)的，按照相關規定處罰產值；

3）對(dui)于設計(ji)變更：根據發(fa)生的(de)設計(ji)變更數、變更對(dui)費用(yong)和進(jin)度(du)的(de)影響程度(du)，按照(zhao)公司相關規定處罰產值(zhi)。

3.設計質量控制

3.1專業負責人固定

 各(ge)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)要配(pei)置固定(ding)的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)責人，專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)責人要全程(cheng)參與設計(ji)的各(ge)個過程(cheng)，有助(zhu)于深刻(ke)理解本(ben)工(gong)程(cheng)特點，滿足本(ben)工(gong)程(cheng)要求。

3.2編(bian)制(zhi)統一(yi)技術規定

（1）按照技術附件并參(can)照以往工程(cheng)經(jing)驗，編制統一技術規(gui)定，確保各區域設計水(shui)平(ping)和(he)規(gui)格一致。

（2）全廠涂色(se)規定(ding)與(yu)業主(zhu)簽字確認(ren)。

（3）根據本(ben)項目(mu)氣(qi)候、地理特點，討論并制定全廠鋼結構涂漆(qi)規定，以及設備涂漆(qi)原則和(he)要(yao)求(qiu)。

（4）討論(lun)制定電氣(qi)設備(bei)及元器件(jian)配置水平統(tong)一(yi)規定。

（5）統一圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)幅尺寸、圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)LOGO、圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)深度(du)、圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)表示方法等制(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)要求(qiu)；

（6）編(bian)制(zhi)和下發詳細設計示范圖，要求專(zhuan)業要嚴格(ge)執行；

（7）統(tong)一管道材料編號(hao)、標準、壁厚等(deng)。

3.3統一設計深度要求

（1）圖紙中在引用中國規范的(de)標(biao)(biao)準號時，還必須(xu)完整寫明(ming)引用部分的(de)規范中相關條款內(nei)容。各(ge)專(zhuan)業統一制定和翻譯要引用的(de)標(biao)(biao)準條款內(nei)容；

（2）將復用圖(tu)轉化為新圖(tu)。

（3）將設計所(suo)選用圖集中的表達轉化為(wei)新圖。

（4）編(bian)制統一的(de)技(ji)術(shu)名(ming)詞、術(shu)語，各專業統一使(shi)用。

（5）各專業編制統一的設計深度要求。

（6）開展三維(wei)設計(ji)(ji)，減少現(xian)場管線(xian)碰撞問題，全面提高設計(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量。

3.4會審會簽

（1）在(zai)基本設計階段(duan)，對(dui)完成(cheng)的(de)技(ji)術文(wen)件進行會審(shen)，避免(mian)各(ge)專(zhuan)業文(wen)件出現不一(yi)致的(de)錯誤，力求文(wen)件準(zhun)確(que)統一(yi)。

（2）嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行公司(si)會審(shen)會簽流程，集中會審(shen)會簽。并在(zai)過(guo)程中及時召開設計推進會，研究方案(an)解(jie)決問題。

（3）要(yao)求專(zhuan)業負責人必須為(wei)審(shen)核或組(zu)審(shen)，加強專(zhuan)業負責人的牽頭作用(yong)。

（4）嚴格按照審查(cha)后的基本設計開展詳細(xi)設計

（5）詳細設計要以審查簽字后的基(ji)本設計及相(xiang)關紀要、附件等為依(yi)據(ju)，堅決杜絕人為拔(ba)高配置，或(huo)簡單參考復制以往的工(gong)程設計。

3.5采用GIS系統

在本工(gong)(gong)程中采用GIS系(xi)y，在基本設(she)計(ji)(ji)就(jiu)參加設(she)計(ji)(ji)；建(jian)立(li)本項(xiang)目三維仿真地(di)理信息系(xi)統，確(que)保(bao)各種(zhong)管線設(she)計(ji)(ji)優化和準(zhun)確(que)、避免碰(peng)撞和返工(gong)(gong)，并隨(sui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)進(jin)展及(ji)時計(ji)(ji)算工(gong)(gong)程量；搭建(jian)“電(dian)子沙(sha)盤”，隨(sui)工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)展同步更新，動態(tai)(tai)展示施(shi)工(gong)(gong)三維動態(tai)(tai)，審查(cha)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)及(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織順序等。

4.設計進度控制

（1）編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)三級進(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃(hua)按照項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目子(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)解(jie)，編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)6級子(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)解(jie)（分(fen)(fen)解(jie)到套(tao)圖），按照每個子(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、每套(tao)圖編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)三級進(jin)(jin)度(du)計劃(hua)，在P6軟(ruan)件上(shang)使用、修改和跟蹤(zong)工作進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)情況；

（2）嚴格控制(zhi)設計進度設計要為采購、施工創造條件；

（3）設計進度表要(yao)依(yi)據項目二級、三級進度計劃制(zhi)定(ding)，充分利用P6軟(ruan)件與采(cai)購(gou)及施工掛鉤(gou)。

（4）適當(dang)擴大(da)進度(du)(du)表(biao)的工(gong)作范圍，將設備(bei)采(cai)購(gou)及(ji)返資料納入到設計進度(du)(du)表(biao)中，減少因資料接口關系導(dao)致(zhi)的進度(du)(du)失(shi)控；

（5）強調進(jin)度表的(de)合理性，簽訂進(jin)度表要(yao)全(quan)部專門開(kai)會討論，落實資料問題、充分聽取專業的(de)意(yi)見(jian)，要(yao)切實可(ke)行(xing)；

（6）強調進(jin)度表的嚴肅性，并要對設計中的每個節點(dian)提事(shi)(shi)前提醒，事(shi)(shi)后進(jin)行檢查(cha)

（7）嚴(yan)格按(an)照進度計劃(hua)執行，對(dui)進度拖期要(yao)查(cha)找原因，對(dui)未完成任務(wu)的(de)專業要(yao)根據原因進行產值處罰。

篇3

建設項(xiang)目全過(guo)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)對(dui)于降低工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)，提高工(gong)程(cheng)建設效(xiao)益有著(zhu)十(shi)分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用。因此，在(zai)現實中(zhong)，對(dui)于項(xiang)目資金(jin)使用的(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)均要(yao)實行(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)管(guan)理和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。傳(chuan)統審(shen)計的(de)(de)關注(zhu)點主要(yao)在(zai)于預算(suan)執行(xing)以及竣工(gong)結算(suan)兩個環節，存在(zai)巨大(da)風險(xian)，管(guan)控(kong)(kong)效(xiao)果不理想。在(zai)這種情況下，必須重(zhong)視對(dui)全過(guo)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)實行(xing)跟蹤審(shen)計。本(ben)文對(dui)跟蹤審(shen)計在(zai)建設項(xiang)目全過(guo)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用進行(xing)了簡要(yao)分析。

關鍵詞：

跟(gen)蹤審計建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目全過程造價控制應用分析

1前言

傳(chuan)統審計(ji)(ji)側重(zhong)(zhong)于事后(hou)審計(ji)(ji)[1]，審查的(de)內容主要(yao)是確認(ren)成本(ben)是否合法、是否符合相關(guan)規定(ding)。這樣的(de)審計(ji)(ji)模式(shi)下，對于資金的(de)實際使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況實際上(shang)并(bing)沒有(you)進行(xing)真正的(de)確認(ren)，資金使(shi)用(yong)是否合理不在(zai)(zai)審計(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)關(guan)注的(de)范(fan)圍內。因此，此種審計(ji)(ji)能夠起到的(de)作用(yong)相對有(you)限。所(suo)以(yi)，傳(chuan)統審計(ji)(ji)的(de)最(zui)大弊端在(zai)(zai)于滯(zhi)后(hou)性顯著。在(zai)(zai)這樣的(de)情(qing)況下，要(yao)想保(bao)證實現(xian)有(you)效的(de)資金使(shi)用(yong)管理，就必(bi)須重(zhong)(zhong)視在(zai)(zai)全(quan)過程造價(jia)控(kong)制中應用(yong)跟蹤審計(ji)(ji)，革新審計(ji)(ji)模式(shi)。

2概述

2.1項目審計簡單來(lai)講，項目審計可(ke)以被定義為獨立機構或專業(ye)人(ren)員依(yi)照相關規定，對項目投資采(cai)用科學的(de)方法(fa)、按照特定指標實行(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)監督(du)與鑒證。公(gong)民有納(na)稅的(de)義務，當稅費(fei)上交給國家之(zhi)后，公(gong)民對于稅費(fei)使用享(xiang)有監督(du)權，國家審計就是監督(du)工(gong)具。

2.2造價(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)(jia)實際上是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)活動正常進(jin)行的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)依據，在投(tou)資(zi)(zi)決策和組織施(shi)工(gong)方面均發揮著重要(yao)的(de)(de)參照作(zuo)用。所以(yi)，造價(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)必然要(yao)求，也是(shi)保障項目(mu)建設秩序(xu)的(de)(de)重要(yao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。造價(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)是(shi)保障項目(mu)建設的(de)(de)全過程(cheng)都能夠在批準投(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內(nei)進(jin)行，其基(ji)(ji)本(ben)要(yao)求是(shi)對投(tou)資(zi)(zi)偏差進(jin)行糾正，在保障投(tou)資(zi)(zi)目(mu)標(biao)達成的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上，盡量實現資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)合理(li)(li)使用，以(yi)促進(jin)工(gong)程(cheng)效益的(de)(de)提(ti)升。

3跟蹤審計(ji)在建設(she)項(xiang)目全過程造價(jia)控制中的(de)應用分析

跟蹤審(shen)計(ji)在建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)全過(guo)程造(zao)價控制中的應用(yong)，貫穿項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理始終[2]。依照項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)的流程，跟蹤審(shen)計(ji)的應用(yong)主要指(zhi)的是在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)決策、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)設(she)計(ji)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)招投標(biao)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施工四個環節的應用(yong)。

3.1項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)科學(xue)(xue)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)順利進行的(de)(de)(de)先決(jue)(jue)條(tiao)件(jian)。這一(yi)(yi)階段的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)具(ju)有下述特(te)點：一(yi)(yi)、內(nei)容(rong)復雜。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)中涉及的(de)(de)(de)大量內(nei)容(rong)都(dou)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)續建(jian)設(she)關(guan)聯密切(qie)，因(yin)此，審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)工(gong)作人(ren)員必(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)可以(yi)(yi)科學(xue)(xue)評價這一(yi)(yi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，這一(yi)(yi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)由(you)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)水平比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)負責(ze)開(kai)(kai)展。同時，審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)機構應(ying)提高(gao)對(dui)此的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視程(cheng)度(du)。在(zai)現(xian)實需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)(yi)考慮(lv)(lv)聘請專家(jia)負責(ze)評審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。總而言之，這一(yi)(yi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保(bao)證(zheng)結論的(de)(de)(de)正確(que)(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)科學(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。二、程(cheng)序(xu)繁(fan)雜。審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)存在(zai)本質區別，重(zhong)做研究(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)不(bu)現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)，但與(yu)(yu)此對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)工(gong)作不(bu)僅需要(yao)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)研究(jiu)內(nei)容(rong)，還必(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)自(zi)身工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)展具(ju)有獨立性(xing)(xing)(xing)。另外，考慮(lv)(lv)到審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)作用(yong)，從某種(zhong)程(cheng)度(du)上來(lai)講，其結論具(ju)有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)權威性(xing)(xing)(xing)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，這也(ye)(ye)就意味著審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)程(cheng)序(xu)比(bi)較(jiao)繁(fan)雜，對(dui)工(gong)作必(bi)(bi)須(xu)實行統籌安排和合(he)(he)(he)(he)理規(gui)劃。在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)議書方面(mian)，對(dui)其的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)關(guan)注(zhu)這些方面(mian)：首先，工(gong)作程(cheng)序(xu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理；其次，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)足夠(gou)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)；最后(hou)，開(kai)(kai)展的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)條(tiao)件(jian)調(diao)查(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)全(quan)面(mian)。審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)內(nei)容(rong)包(bao)(bao)括：是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)進行了(le)(le)充分(fen)準備(bei)；項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)(yu)經濟發展、地(di)方規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)實際相(xiang)符(fu)(fu)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)經過了(le)(le)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)批(pi)；編制與(yu)(yu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)批(pi)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)質、權限情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)(yu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)相(xiang)符(fu)(fu)；建(jian)議書內(nei)容(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理、規(gui)范等(deng)。對(dui)于每(mei)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)，都(dou)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保(bao)持(chi)嚴(yan)謹的(de)(de)(de)態度(du)。以(yi)(yi)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)為(wei)例，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)重(zhong)視審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)建(jian)設(she)依(yi)據(ju)，確(que)(que)認其是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)可信(xin)、與(yu)(yu)實際情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)相(xiang)符(fu)(fu)。為(wei)了(le)(le)確(que)(que)認，在(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)過程(cheng)中可以(yi)(yi)采取實地(di)調(diao)研或詢問當(dang)地(di)群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。在(zai)這一(yi)(yi)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)，若發現(xian)與(yu)(yu)規(gui)定不(bu)符(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，應(ying)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)對(dui)象立即整改，直(zhi)到符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)止。在(zai)可行性(xing)(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)方面(mian)，審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)中應(ying)將工(gong)作程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范性(xing)(xing)(xing)、方案(an)選擇的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)、工(gong)作深(shen)度(du)、數(shu)據(ju)準確(que)(que)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、投資(zi)估(gu)(gu)算與(yu)(yu)績(ji)效分(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、風險評估(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)有效性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)作為(wei)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)點。審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)內(nei)容(rong)包(bao)(bao)括：準備(bei)工(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)充分(fen)、單位(wei)資(zi)質是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)定、報告內(nei)容(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理等(deng)。在(zai)投資(zi)估(gu)(gu)算方面(mian)，審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)內(nei)容(rong)主要(yao)有：費用(yong)計(ji)算是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)科學(xue)(xue)、其他(ta)費用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)等(deng)。

3.2項目(mu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)環節(jie)項目(mu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)環節(jie)的審(shen)計(ji)(ji)應(ying)關注下述重(zhong)點內容：程序(xu)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)規范、方(fang)案(an)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)進行了(le)科學(xue)比(bi)較(jiao)、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)深(shen)度情況(kuang)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合乎要求、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)經(jing)過了(le)優化等(deng)。審(shen)計(ji)(ji)內容主要包(bao)括：單位(wei)資質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)與(yu)規定相(xiang)符、內控機制(zhi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有效(xiao)、方(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)與(yu)實際(ji)要求相(xiang)符、初步設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)科學(xue)、圖紙設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)與(yu)工程實際(ji)相(xiang)符、限額設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合理等(deng)。

3.3項目招(zhao)(zhao)投標(biao)環節(jie)項目招(zhao)(zhao)投標(biao)審(shen)計應關(guan)注下(xia)述內(nei)容：文件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)完整(zheng)、內(nei)容是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)足夠(gou)合(he)(he)理；預(yu)審(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)可信、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)(he)理；招(zhao)(zhao)投標(biao)程序(xu)(xu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)國家法(fa)(fa)規(gui)要(yao)求相(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)；投標(biao)方、招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)方、評標(biao)方兩(liang)兩(liang)之間的(de)關(guan)系。這(zhe)個環節(jie)審(shen)計的(de)內(nei)容主要(yao)包括(kuo)：項目是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)經過了充分準(zhun)備；建設方是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)滿(man)足招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)資格(ge)的(de)要(yao)求；招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)采(cai)用的(de)方法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)要(yao)求相(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)經過批準(zhun)；招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)程序(xu)(xu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)符(fu)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定；是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)存在(zai)(zai)違(wei)規(gui)操作行為；招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)公告的(de)條(tiao)款是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)存在(zai)(zai)限制要(yao)求或不正當要(yao)求；招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)文件(jian)條(tiao)款是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)足夠(gou)清晰(xi)明確(que)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)全(quan)面、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)存在(zai)(zai)某(mou)些傾向(xiang)條(tiao)款或排斥條(tiao)款；評標(biao)過程是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)進行、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)真正執行了評標(biao)要(yao)求、評標(biao)尺(chi)度是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)始終一(yi)致、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)存在(zai)(zai)被(bei)強行干預(yu)的(de)情(qing)況；委員(yuan)會(hui)實際推薦(jian)的(de)單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)中標(biao)候(hou)選者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)一(yi)致。

3.4項目施工(gong)環節預(yu)付款(kuan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，審(shen)(shen)計(ji)內(nei)容主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：支(zhi)付比(bi)例與(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)同約定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)一(yi)致、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)；保函(han)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)有效、金額與(yu)(yu)(yu)預(yu)付款(kuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)統一(yi)、有效期與(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)同要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)一(yi)致等(deng)。計(ji)量(liang)(liang)、支(zhi)付方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，審(shen)(shen)計(ji)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)內(nei)容有：實際工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)清單上的(de)(de)一(yi)致，若不一(yi)致，清單外(wai)的(de)(de)部分應先確(que)定(ding)責(ze)任歸(gui)屬以及是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)劃入計(ji)量(liang)(liang)范圍，如果應進行(xing)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)，應審(shen)(shen)查其相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)手續與(yu)(yu)(yu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)完備、計(ji)算(suan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)科學進行(xing)；對于隱蔽工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)，審(shen)(shen)計(ji)人(ren)員應注意(yi)及時(shi)(shi)跟進，在(zai)(zai)收(shou)集(ji)全面信息與(yu)(yu)(yu)資料的(de)(de)基礎上，據此進行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)審(shen)(shen)核，確(que)認其工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，審(shen)(shen)計(ji)應關(guan)注的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：變(bian)更(geng)(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)充(chong)(chong)分必要(yao)；責(ze)任應歸(gui)屬哪一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)；變(bian)更(geng)(geng)導致的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)得到科學計(ji)算(suan)、與(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)律規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)合(he)；變(bian)更(geng)(geng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序與(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)同規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)以及法(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)；變(bian)更(geng)(geng)手續是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)法(fa)、合(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)。在(zai)(zai)簽證方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，審(shen)(shen)計(ji)應關(guan)注的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：簽證是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)充(chong)(chong)分必要(yao)；內(nei)容是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)；工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化與(yu)(yu)(yu)造(zao)價是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)進行(xing)了準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)計(ji)算(suan)；計(ji)算(suan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)；簽證程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序與(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)；簽證手續是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)合(he)法(fa)。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)索(suo)賠(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，審(shen)(shen)計(ji)內(nei)容主(zhu)要(yao)包括：索(suo)賠(pei)原因以及責(ze)任；施工(gong)單位在(zai)(zai)此次事(shi)件中是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)及時(shi)(shi)采(cai)取(qu)了避免事(shi)態擴大的(de)(de)行(xing)動；索(suo)賠(pei)理(li)(li)(li)由是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)正當、證據是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)真正有效、完整；索(suo)賠(pei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)超出規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)；索(suo)賠(pei)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序與(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符(fu)等(deng)。

4結語

跟蹤(zong)審(shen)計(ji)在建設(she)項目(mu)(mu)全(quan)過(guo)程造價(jia)控(kong)制中的(de)(de)應用，對于提(ti)升造價(jia)控(kong)制水平，實現(xian)真正有效的(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)使用控(kong)制具(ju)有十分重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)現(xian)實意義[3]。因此，在實際工程項目(mu)(mu)中，必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)重視(shi)執行項目(mu)(mu)審(shen)計(ji)的(de)(de)各項要(yao)(yao)求，爭取(qu)實現(xian)規范化的(de)(de)跟蹤(zong)審(shen)計(ji)。

參考文獻

[1]李運(yun)亮(liang).A省城鎮污水(shui)垃圾處理項目跟蹤審(shen)計(ji)案例[J].廣西(xi)財經學院學報.2015，28(04)：119-123.

[2]周廷偉.建設工(gong)程如何(he)實(shi)施跟蹤審計工(gong)作[J].城(cheng)市建筑.2015，(15)：210.

篇4

關鍵詞(ci)：公路(lu)；工(gong)程計量；變更；分(fen)析

Abstract: Combined with the practical work, from changing the payment of the highway engineering measure, this paper briefly analyzes the management work contents from the supervision angle, and discusses the work key points and matters needing attention of the measurement, payment and change.

Key words: highway; engineering measurement; change ; analysis

中圖分類(lei)號：TU7 文(wen)獻(xian)標(biao)識碼(ma)：A文(wen)章編號：2095-2104（2012）

在(zai)公(gong)(gong)路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)計量(liang)與(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，處(chu)理不當不僅引發合同(tong)糾紛和(he)相關工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)的爭(zheng)議，還會(hui)影響到公(gong)(gong)路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質量(liang)，所以應嚴(yan)格審核(he)計量(liang)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更，將(jiang)計量(liang)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有(you)(you)機地融(rong)入費(fei)用管理中(zhong)(zhong)，保證(zheng)其公(gong)(gong)正、合理、有(you)(you)序、嚴(yan)格按合同(tong)進行，以保證(zheng)該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)交(jiao)工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)和(he)竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)順利進行，同(tong)時(shi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)降低建設成本，保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)，提高社會(hui)效(xiao)益和(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。

1 工程計量工作(zuo)的重要性

隨(sui)著(zhu)我國建(jian)筑市場相關制度(du)的(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸成(cheng)熟(shu)與健全(quan)，對公路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提出更(geng)(geng)高的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。尤其(qi)是(shi)近年來，我國對交通等(deng)基礎建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)力度(du)不斷增加(jia)，公路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)規模(mo)也越(yue)來越(yue)大，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)相關規定要(yao)(yao)求也逐(zhu)步(bu)細化量(liang)(liang)化，建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)更(geng)(geng)是(shi)受到(dao)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)人的(de)(de)關注(zhu)。此外(wai)，公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)與支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)內容，是(shi)貫穿于公路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)始終的(de)(de)一項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，需施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、監理(li)(li)、建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)等(deng)多(duo)方(fang)人員共(gong)同介入，涉(she)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)進度(du)費用(yong)等(deng)多(duo)方(fang)面工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，在(zai)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)這(zhe)個環(huan)節(jie)上要(yao)(yao)完(wan)成(cheng)合(he)(he)同管(guan)理(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)與支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)管(guan)理(li)(li)、變(bian)更(geng)(geng)管(guan)理(li)(li)等(deng)多(duo)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)都要(yao)(yao)細心且(qie)及時處理(li)(li)，若沒有(you)準確和合(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)，將(jiang)影響到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)正常履(lv)行，更(geng)(geng)將(jiang)直接(jie)影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)效(xiao)益，所以加(jia)強工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)管(guan)理(li)(li)顯得尤其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。以下將(jiang)進一步(bu)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)及注(zhu)意事項(xiang)探(tan)討。

2 公路工程計量、變更工作分析

計量(liang)支(zhi)付(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不僅為控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)、進(jin)度的基(ji)本(ben)手段(duan)之一，還是(shi)公(gong)路工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)項目(mu)費用監理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中的核心環節(jie)。計量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)更是(shi)支(zhi)付(fu)的直(zhi)接基(ji)礎和依據，若(ruo)計量(liang)管理不當，將(jiang)破壞工(gong)(gong)程承包合(he)同中的經(jing)濟關系。所以把控(kong)好(hao)計量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中的注意要項會(hui)使整(zheng)個(ge)公(gong)路工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的運作(zuo)(zuo)更加準確高(gao)效。

2.1 計量工作的主要(yao)依據內容

2.1.1 工程量清單及說明(ming)資料；

2.1.2 工(gong)程變更及修訂的工(gong)程量清(qing)單；

2.1.3 有關(guan)計量的補(bu)充協議；

2.1.4 合同圖(tu)紙(zhi)。相關管理領導應認真審查拿(na)到的合同圖(tu)紙(zhi)，若發(fa)現問題或缺漏要及時按上報、修(xiu)正，并適當調整工(gong)程(cheng)量清單細目；

2.1.5 合(he)同(tong)條件(jian)，包(bao)括合(he)同(tong)協議中的一(yi)切條件(jian)；

2.1.6 技術規范,即部頒現行的有(you)關技術規范,要加以說明(ming)(ming)那些不明(ming)(ming)確的細目(mu)部頒技術規范；

2.1.7 《索賠(pei)時(shi)間、金額審批表》，備發生時(shi)或必要時(shi)使用。

施工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)階段(duan)自監理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)合同簽(qian)訂后(hou)開始實(shi)行，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)前，監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師應要(yao)求施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位進(jin)(jin)行分(fen)(fen)項(xiang)、分(fen)(fen)部和單(dan)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)劃分(fen)(fen)；且必(bi)須按《公(gong)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)驗(yan)評(ping)(ping)定標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》操作，其中(zhong)要(yao)注意分(fen)(fen)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)劃分(fen)(fen)要(yao)利于(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)評(ping)(ping)價和計量(liang)支付工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)進(jin)(jin)行，最終上報監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師和業主(zhu)(zhu)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)執(zhi)行。監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師仔細(xi)研究(jiu)合同文件，必(bi)須全(quan)面理(li)(li)(li)解合同文件的(de)各(ge)組成(cheng)部分(fen)(fen)；審(shen)核(he)圖(tu)紙工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)和認(ren)真復(fu)核(he)清(qing)單(dan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)，并將復(fu)核(he)情況上報業主(zhu)(zhu)審(shen)核(he)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)業主(zhu)(zhu)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)清(qing)單(dan)核(he)算為主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)依據，建立(li)起(qi)便于(yu)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)細(xi)目臺(tai)賬(zhang)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括計量(liang)支付臺(tai)賬(zhang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)明細(xi)表臺(tai)賬(zhang)和變更(geng)（新增）臺(tai)賬(zhang)。其中(zhong)變更(geng)（新增）工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)須經(jing)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)后(hou)才能列(lie)入臺(tai)賬(zhang)，為利于(yu)日后(hou)方便查驗(yan)，應同時輸人批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)文號、批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)日期等內容。

2.2 工程計量(liang)程序(xu)中的(de)注意事項

施工單位(wei)填(tian)報計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)申請(qing)表的前提應達到這(zhe)些要求：施工單位(wei)對已完分(fen)項、分(fen)部(bu)工程質量(liang)經自檢和監理檢驗確認質量(liang)合(he)格，同(tong)時符合(he)安全(quan)和環保監理的各項規定，各項試驗檢測資料齊(qi)全(quan)有(you)效。中(zhong)間計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)表的填(tian)寫必(bi)須是在監理旁(pang)站下計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)，以保證真實可靠，并經雙方代(dai)表審核(he)簽認，只有(you)通過計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)臺帳確認無(wu)重計(ji)(ji)(ji)、漏(lou)計(ji)(ji)(ji)現(xian)象后，才可將(jiang)最終(zhong)審核(he)的工程量(liang)上(shang)報業主審核(he)。在此將(jiang)關于工程計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工作的注(zhu)意要點歸(gui)納如下。

2.2.1 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)確(que)定(ding)。計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)控制在已(yi)批(pi)準的(de)(de)清單(dan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)復(fu)核表(biao)臺(tai)賬(zhang)(zhang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍內(nei)，還必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)完(wan)(wan)備的(de)(de)變更設計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)申報(bao)(bao)與批(pi)準手續，以(yi)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)任(ren)何(he)超出清單(dan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)復(fu)核表(biao)臺(tai)賬(zhang)(zhang)（合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)）數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)部分，從而控制在已(yi)建立的(de)(de)變更（新增）臺(tai)賬(zhang)(zhang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍內(nei)予以(yi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)。中期計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)是(shi)按實際(ji)完(wan)(wan)成數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結算的(de)(de)，圖紙數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)值不代(dai)表(biao)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)項目和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，各張工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)清單(dan)所(suo)列(lie)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)預計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，所(suo)以(yi)只有(you)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)參(can)照圖紙數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)按照《技術規范(fan)》所(suo)規定(ding)的(de)(de)方法來(lai)確(que)定(ding)實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，來(lai)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算、核查(cha)和確(que)認(ren)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)核實承包(bao)商符合(he)(he)要(yao)求已(yi)完(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)實際(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。為防止施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)高估冒算和重復(fu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)應(ying)客(ke)觀認(ren)真細致地核定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)(wan)成量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，并嚴格(ge)(ge)按合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)規定(ding)的(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方式(shi)和時限(xian)，計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算投(tou)資完(wan)(wan)成額。存(cun)在外觀質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)缺(que)陷(xian)但不影響使用(yong)的(de)(de)、安全的(de)(de)，且實體質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，可(ke)根據合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)規定(ding)折減計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)。但任(ren)何(he)存(cun)在缺(que)陷(xian)或不合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)或的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)拒絕(jue)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，只有(you)當其按照監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)或業主的(de)(de)要(yao)求進行修復(fu)且滿足相(xiang)關質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)求才準以(yi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，要(yao)注意(yi)缺(que)陷(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)修復(fu)或返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費用(yong)不予以(yi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。尤其是(shi)隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，為了(le)減少不必(bi)(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)異議(yi)，建議(yi)多方共同(tong)(tong)(tong)參(can)與現場計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，一(yi)般必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)經業主、監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三方到(dao)場共同(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)簽(qian)字確(que)認(ren)，作(zuo)為計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)依(yi)據。最終(zhong)筆者建議(yi)應(ying)重視推行用(yong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算機來(lai)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)，實行表(biao)格(ge)(ge)和報(bao)(bao)表(biao)的(de)(de)標準化管理(li)(li)(li)(li)。

2.2.2 注意時效性。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)最初階段，本項目的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量人(ren)員在(zai)(zai)總(zong)監辦(ban)計(ji)量工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師的(de)(de)(de)安排下，進行審核、固定、必要的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量培訓(xun)，以(yi)提高計(ji)量人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)業務水平及(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率。在(zai)(zai)進行第一次計(ji)量工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時，應根據可能出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量問(wen)題進行分析及(ji)備好解決措施，以(yi)及(ji)時防控、杜(du)絕計(ji)量工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)過程(cheng)中出現(xian)問(wen)題，同時建(jian)議計(ji)量人(ren)員應嚴(yan)格執行既定的(de)(de)(de)時間和程(cheng)序，以(yi)及(ji)時規范完成計(ji)量工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

2.2.3 重視保(bao)障監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)核(he)心地(di)位(wei)。在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，有時會出現監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)提出的(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)或返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)指令(ling)沒有得到認真(zhen)貫徹(che)的(de)(de)(de)現象。但監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)應堅(jian)持要求這些不(bu)符(fu)合(he)要求或不(bu)合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)切實落實指令(ling)后再給予(yu)其計(ji)量(liang)，適當(dang)從經濟上制約承包商，保(bao)證監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度和質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)把(ba)控(kong)地(di)位(wei)，從而(er)清算好(hao)整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)各個(ge)階段的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)與支(zhi)付，保(bao)證計(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)嚴格規范進(jin)行，最(zui)終由監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)簽發支(zhi)付證書。

總之，計(ji)量與支付工作(zuo)(zuo)的完善程(cheng)序是審計(ji)順(shun)(shun)利(li)與否和工程(cheng)能否順(shun)(shun)利(li)進行(xing)的關(guan)鍵，所以(yi)應充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用合(he)同相關(guan)規定，嚴(yan)格保證(zheng)計(ji)量支付工作(zuo)(zuo)“合(he)法、及(ji)時(shi)、準確、真(zhen)實、公正、齊全(quan)”進行(xing)，從而保證(zheng)計(ji)量與支付工作(zuo)(zuo)順(shun)(shun)利(li)進行(xing)。

2.3 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)處理程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序及注意(yi)事項(xiang)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)辦法(fa)，明(ming)確規(gui)定了(le)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)設計(ji)文件(jian)的(de)(de)格(ge)式內容(rong)、費(fei)用(yong)確定、審(shen)批程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序、變(bian)(bian)更(geng)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。即(ji)由(you)設計(ji)院（或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)設計(ji)院代(dai)表）出施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖，駐地(di)監(jian)理、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)、總(zong)監(jian)辦、總(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)、籌(chou)建(jian)處負責人(ren)、計(ji)劃(hua)部(bu)和上級機關(guan)(guan)依次審(shen)核，使變(bian)(bian)更(geng)的(de)(de)數量、費(fei)用(yong)、合(he)(he)(he)(he)理性、必要性、規(gui)模得到有效控制。無論是監(jian)理單位、業(ye)主單位，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)，當發現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實際情況與原(yuan)技(ji)術規(gui)范、設計(ji)圖紙或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期出現不相(xiang)適(shi)應的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)時(shi)，都可向(xiang)監(jian)理單位提出變(bian)(bian)更(geng)要求(qiu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)建(jian)議(yi)(yi)，但要按(an)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)規(gui)定上報并經審(shen)查批準。若監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)和業(ye)主認(ren)為對所有的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)和附(fu)加的(de)(de)金(jin)額(e)合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)，應按(an)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)規(gui)定的(de)(de)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和合(he)(he)(he)(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)來估價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。反(fan)之，監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)和承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商認(ren)為合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)有關(guan)(guan)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)不合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)時(shi)，可在(zai)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)指示日起發出通(tong)知：a.由(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)發給(gei)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商，明(ming)確其需變(bian)(bian)更(geng)的(de)(de)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)，則工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)與業(ye)主和承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)適(shi)當協商之后，由(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)與承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)就合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)達(da)成協議(yi)(yi)；b.由(you)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商發給(gei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)，明(ming)確其要求(qiu)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)的(de)(de)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)。若雙方意(yi)見存在(zai)分歧，在(zai)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)達(da)成協議(yi)(yi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)確定之前(qian)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)(shi)應確定其認(ren)為合(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)并相(xiang)應地(di)通(tong)知承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)，并應定出暫時(shi)的(de)(de)單價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)，以便進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款支(zhi)付。

3 結語

計量支(zhi)付工作在公路工程中是(shi)十分重要的，也是(shi)約束承包商(shang)履(lv)行合同、控制項目投(tou)資支(zhi)出、保(bao)證工程質量的重要管理(li)手段，關系到業主和承包商(shang)的經濟利益(yi)。

參考文獻：

[1]公路(lu)工程國(guo)內(nei)招標文件范本(2003 版)[S].

[2]袁(yuan)劍(jian)波主編(bian).工(gong)程(cheng)費用(yong)監理(第二版(ban))[M].北京(jing)：人民交通出(chu)版(ban)社,2007.

篇5

關(guan)鍵詞(ci):鋼筋驗收,原(yuan)材料(liao),質(zhi)量控制(zhi),連接方式

中圖分類號(hao)：O213.1 文(wen)獻標識(shi)碼(ma)：A 文(wen)章編號(hao)：

鋼筋(jin)(jin)分項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是主體(ti)結構的主要分項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之一,作(zuo)為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現場的土建監理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師,對鋼筋(jin)(jin)分項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的質量(liang)控制要點如(ru)下：

1原材料質量的控制和驗收

1）鋼(gang)筋進場(chang)時,現(xian)場(chang)土建(jian)監理工程師應該要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施工單位(wei)提供鋼(gang)筋出廠(chang)合(he)格證和檢測(ce)報告(gao)。注意每一捆鋼(gang)筋均要(yao)(yao)有鐵牌,還要(yao)(yao)注意出廠(chang)合(he)格證和檢測(ce)報告(gao)上的數量(liang)是否大于(yu)進場(chang)數量(liang),否則(ze)應不予進場(chang),并分批驗收堆放(fang)。

2)對鋼筋的外觀質量進行檢查,鋼筋應平(ping)直、無(wu)損傷,表面不得有(you)裂紋、油(you)污、顆粒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)老(lao)銹。

3)鋼(gang)(gang)筋進場(chang)后(hou),應按(an)同一(yi)(yi)牌號、同一(yi)(yi)爐罐號、同一(yi)(yi)規格(ge)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)送檢(jian)，且線材不(bu)超過(guo)30t取(qu)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)，其(qi)他鋼(gang)(gang)筋不(bu)超過(guo)60t取(qu)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)，每(mei)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)5根（除常規檢(jian)測(ce)外增加質量偏差檢(jian)測(ce)）。取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)時必須在有資質的監理(li)人員的見證下(xia)隨機取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)。每(mei)批(pi)鋼(gang)(gang)筋檢(jian)測(ce)結果合格(ge)后(hou)方可用于工(gong)程；對檢(jian)測(ce)結果不(bu)合格(ge)的鋼(gang)(gang)筋,應立即通知(zhi)施工(gong)單位(wei)將其(qi)撤(che)出現場(chang)。

2對鋼筋加工的控(kong)制

1)HPB235級鋼(gang)筋(jin)末端應做180°彎(wan)鉤(gou),其彎(wan)弧內直(zhi)徑(jing)不應小于鋼(gang)筋(jin)直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)2.5倍(bei),彎(wan)鉤(gou)的(de)彎(wan)后平直(zhi)部分(fen)長度不應小于鋼(gang)筋(jin)直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)3倍(bei)。

2）設計要(yao)求末端做135°彎(wan)鉤時,HRB335級(ji)、HRB400級(ji)鋼筋的彎(wan)弧(hu)內直徑(jing)不(bu)應(ying)小于(yu)鋼筋直徑(jing)的4倍,彎(wan)鉤的彎(wan)后平(ping)直部分(fen)長(chang)度(du)應(ying)符合(he)設計要(yao)求。

3)鋼筋做不(bu)大于90°的彎(wan)折時,彎(wan)折處的彎(wan)弧內直(zhi)徑不(bu)應小于鋼筋直(zhi)徑的5倍。

4)除焊接封閉環式箍筋外,箍筋的末端應做彎鉤,彎鉤的形式應符合(he)(he)設(she)計(ji)(ji)要求,當設(she)計(ji)(ji)無要求時(shi),應符合(he)(he)相關規(gui)定。

3對鋼筋連接(jie)的控(kong)制

3.1鋼筋焊(han)接過程(cheng)控制

1)樣本引路：施焊(han)(han)工程正(zheng)式焊(han)(han)接之(zhi)前,參與該項施焊(han)(han)的焊(han)(han)工應(ying)進行現(xian)場(chang)條件(jian)下的試焊(han)(han),并經試驗合格,作為(wei)施焊(han)(han)樣本,方(fang)可正(zheng)式生(sheng)產(chan)。試驗結果應(ying)符(fu)合質量檢(jian)驗與驗收時的要求。

2)焊接接頭(tou)留置(zhi)位置(zhi)時應(ying)注意(yi):a.鋼(gang)筋的(de)接頭(tou)宜設置(zhi)在受力較小(xiao)處(chu)。同(tong)一(yi)縱(zong)向(xiang)受力鋼(gang)筋在同(tong)一(yi)跨(kua)度內(nei)(nei)不宜設置(zhi)兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上(shang)接頭(tou)。接頭(tou)末端至鋼(gang)筋彎(wan)起(qi)點的(de)距(ju)離(li)不應(ying)小(xiao)于鋼(gang)筋直徑的(de)10倍。b.在同(tong)一(yi)構件內(nei)(nei)的(de)接頭(tou)宜互相錯開(kai)。同(tong)一(yi)連接區段內(nei)(nei),縱(zong)向(xiang)受力鋼(gang)筋的(de)接頭(tou)面積百(bai)分率應(ying)符(fu)合設計要求(qiu);當設計無具(ju)體要求(qiu)時,應(ying)符(fu)合相關規定(ding)。

3.2焊接操作的控制(zhi)

1)電弧焊(han)(han)(han),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注意(yi):a.根據鋼筋(jin)(jin)牌號、直徑(jing)、接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)形式(shi)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)位置,正(zheng)確選擇(ze)焊(han)(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)工藝和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)參(can)數,特別是焊(han)(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的選用(yong);b.焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)時,不得燒傷主筋(jin)(jin);c.焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地線與鋼筋(jin)(jin)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸緊密;d.焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)電流的大小(xiao)根據鋼筋(jin)(jin)和(he)焊(han)(han)(han)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的直徑(jing)選擇(ze);e.檢查搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)的長度(du),幫條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的長度(du)是否符(fu)合規范的要求;f.檢查焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)的長度(du)和(he)高度(du)是否達到(dao)設計要求;g.焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)過程中應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及時清(qing)渣,焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)表(biao)面(mian)光滑,焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)余高應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)平緩過渡,弧坑(keng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)填(tian)滿;h.檢查焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)件不得有夾(jia)渣、氣(qi)泡等缺陷(xian);i.搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)焊(han)(han)(han)、幫條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)焊(han)(han)(han)、剖口焊(han)(han)(han)的接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou),除外觀質(zhi)量檢查外,亦需抽樣做拉伸試驗;j.如(ru)對焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)質(zhi)量有懷(huai)疑(yi)或發現異(yi)常情(qing)況,還可進行(xing)非破(po)損(sun)方(fang)式(shi)(X射(she)(she)線,γ射(she)(she)線,超聲波探傷等)檢驗。

2)電(dian)(dian)(dian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)壓(ya)(ya)力焊(han)(han)(han)(han),應(ying)注(zhu)意:a.電(dian)(dian)(dian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)壓(ya)(ya)力焊(han)(han)(han)(han)只(zhi)適用(yong)于(yu)現澆混凝土結構(gou)中(zhong)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)14 mm~40 mm豎(shu)向(xiang)或(huo)斜向(xiang)鋼(gang)筋的(de)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),不得(de)在(zai)豎(shu)向(xiang)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)橫置(zhi)于(yu)梁(liang)、板(ban)等(deng)構(gou)件中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)水平鋼(gang)筋用(yong)。出現這種情況可能是由于(yu)某些部位的(de)柱或(huo)剪力墻進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)壓(ya)(ya)力焊(han)(han)(han)(han)后(hou),因(yin)設計變更,需更換(huan)鋼(gang)筋,現場工(gong)人將(jiang)該焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)鋼(gang)筋改用(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)梁(liang)、板(ban)筋,監理(li)工(gong)程師(shi)應(ying)特別(bie)注(zhu)意,不容(rong)許有該種情況用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程;b.選用(yong)一般的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)機,根據所焊(han)(han)(han)(han)鋼(gang)筋直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)選定焊(han)(han)(han)(han)機容(rong)量(liang),調(diao)整好電(dian)(dian)(dian)流量(liang);c.電(dian)(dian)(dian)渣(zha)(zha)(zha)壓(ya)(ya)力焊(han)(han)(han)(han)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)參數(shu)為控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian),應(ying)根據鋼(gang)筋直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)來選擇,這是焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成敗的(de)關鍵;d.焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi),上(shang)下鋼(gang)筋的(de)軸線應(ying)保持(chi)一致,其最大(da)(da)偏(pian)移(yi)不得(de)超過0.1d(d為鋼(gang)筋直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)),同時(shi)不得(de)大(da)(da)于(yu)2 mm;e.檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)四周焊(han)(han)(han)(han)包凸出鋼(gang)筋表面的(de)高度不得(de)小于(yu)4 mm,否則返(fan)工(gong);f.督(du)促焊(han)(han)(han)(han)工(gong)在(zai)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)過程中(zhong)應(ying)進行(xing)自(zi)檢(jian)(jian),當(dang)發現偏(pian)心、彎折、燒傷(shang)等(deng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)缺陷時(shi),應(ying)查(cha)找原(yuan)因(yin)和(he)(he)采取措施,及(ji)時(shi)消(xiao)除;g.接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭亦應(ying)按(an)規范規定的(de)方(fang)法檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)外(wai)觀質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)(he)進行(xing)試(shi)樣拉伸(shen)試(shi)驗。

3.3焊接檢驗

在(zai)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)中,如果發現焊(han)接(jie)(jie)性能不良時,監理工程(cheng)師(shi)應特別注(zhu)意,并(bing)要(yao)求對該(gai)批鋼筋進行化學成(cheng)分檢驗或其(qi)他專項檢驗。

3.4 鋼筋綁扎搭(da)接連接方式

接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)按現行國家標準GB 50204混凝土(tu)結構工程施(shi)工質(zhi)量驗收規(gui)(gui)范(fan)和GB 50010混凝土(tu)構件設(she)計規(gui)(gui)范(fan)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)執(zhi)行,其中應(ying)(ying)(ying)注意(yi):1)同一構件中相鄰縱向(xiang)受力(li)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)的(de)綁(bang)扎搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)宜相互錯開。綁(bang)扎搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)中鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)的(de)橫向(xiang)凈(jing)距不應(ying)(ying)(ying)小于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)直(zhi)徑(jing),且不應(ying)(ying)(ying)小于(yu)25 mm。2)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)綁(bang)扎搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)區段的(de)長度(du)(du)為(wei)1.2L1(L1為(wei)搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)長度(du)(du))。同一連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)區段內(nei),縱向(xiang)受拉鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)面(mian)積(ji)百分率應(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合設(she)計要求;當設(she)計無(wu)具(ju)體要求時(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。3)在(zai)梁、柱構件的(de)縱向(xiang)受力(li)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)搭(da)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)長度(du)(du)范(fan)圍內(nei),應(ying)(ying)(ying)按設(she)計要求配置箍筋(jin)。當設(she)計無(wu)具(ju)體要求時(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。

4鋼筋安裝的控制

1)根(gen)據(ju)設計圖紙(zhi)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)受力鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋的(de)(de)品(pin)種、級別、規格、數量及(ji)長度(du)(du)必須符(fu)(fu)合(he)設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),特別是要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意負筋的(de)(de)位(wei)置。例如,Ф22錯用Ф20,陽臺挑梁(liang)主筋伸入梁(liang)內(nei)的(de)(de)長度(du)(du)不(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)規范要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),較(jiao)高梁(liang)內(nei)構造筋漏放拉鉤,梁(liang)支(zhi)座負鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋上排(pai)不(bu)足L/3,二排(pai)不(bu)足L/4; 2)當鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋的(de)(de)品(pin)種、級別或規格需作(zuo)變(bian)更時(shi)(shi),應(ying)辦(ban)理設計變(bian)更文件(jian);3)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋接頭的(de)(de)位(wei)置及(ji)搭(da)接長度(du)(du)、錨固長度(du)(du)是否符(fu)(fu)合(he)規定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),嚴格按(an)設計指(zhi)定(ding)圖集(ji)執行;4)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)混凝土(tu)保護層是否符(fu)(fu)合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。如果鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋保護層厚度(du)(du)不(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),可(ke)能影響到結(jie)構構件(jian)的(de)(de)承載力和耐久性;5)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋綁(bang)扎(zha)是否牢固,有(you)無(wu)松動變(bian)形現(xian)象;6)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋表面不(bu)允(yun)許有(you)油漬、漆污和顆(ke)粒(li)狀(片(pian)狀)鐵銹;7)安裝鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)允(yun)許偏差,不(bu)得大于(yu)規范規定(ding)。

5結語

現(xian)(xian)場監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師在(zai)(zai)對鋼(gang)(gang)筋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi),嚴(yan)格按設計文件(jian)、圖紙(zhi)會審記錄及相關設計變更文件(jian)進行檢(jian)查,并滿足(zu)GB 50204-2002（2011版）《混(hun)凝土結構工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)規(gui)范》、JGJ107-2010《鋼(gang)(gang)筋機械(xie)連接通用技術(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)》、JGJ18-2012《鋼(gang)(gang)筋焊接及驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)規(gui)程(cheng)》等規(gui)范要求。以(yi)上(shang)是本人在(zai)(zai)監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作中對鋼(gang)(gang)筋分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制的一些粗淺(qian)體會,當然不(bu)能(neng)全面反(fan)映(ying)鋼(gang)(gang)筋分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制的所有內容。我作為一名土建監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師,本著(zhu)“嚴(yan)格監(jian)理(li)(li)、熱情服(fu)務”的態度,認真(zhen)做好鋼(gang)(gang)筋分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的預控工(gong)(gong)作,及時(shi)發現(xian)(xian)問(wen)題(ti),解決問(wen)題(ti)。我堅信(xin)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作中不(bu)斷學習,不(bu)斷積累經驗(yan)(yan),是能(neng)搞好鋼(gang)(gang)筋分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制的。

參考文獻:

[1]李(li)惠民(min).土木工(gong)程施工(gong)技術[M].北京:中國(guo)計(ji)劃(hua)出版社,2002.

[2]張(zhang)仁水.建筑工程材料[M].北京:中國礦(kuang)業(ye)大學出(chu)版社,2000.

[3]JGJ 95-2003,冷軋帶熱鋼筋混凝(ning)土結構技術規程[S].

篇6

【關鍵詞】土建工程；造價(jia)預(yu)結算；審核要點(dian)；招(zhao)投標；合同管(guan)理

引言

土(tu)(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設中，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)清單計(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)模式(shi)實施，改變了以“量(liang)、價(jia)(jia)(jia)、費”定額為(wei)主導(dao)的(de)方式(shi)。在定價(jia)(jia)(jia)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中堅持(chi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)競爭為(wei)基礎，有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于實現土(tu)(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)科學性(xing)與合(he)理性(xing)，對(dui)(dui)各項工(gong)(gong)作有(you)(you)(you)(you)效開展(zhan)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)重要(yao)作用，其應(ying)用也(ye)(ye)越來越廣泛。同時(shi)，土(tu)(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)時(shi)，預(yu)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核(he)(he)是非常關鍵的(de)內容，做好該(gai)項工(gong)(gong)作能全面掌握工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基本(ben)信息，熟(shu)悉(xi)資金支(zhi)出，對(dui)(dui)存在的(de)不足采(cai)取改進和完善措施，對(dui)(dui)確(que)保土(tu)(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效益也(ye)(ye)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)重要(yao)作用。但一些單位相(xiang)關制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度不完善，預(yu)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核(he)(he)人員(yuan)素質偏(pian)低，未能有(you)(you)(you)(you)效把(ba)握每(mei)個要(yao)點，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約土(tu)(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)(jia)預(yu)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作效率提(ti)(ti)升，也(ye)(ye)對(dui)(dui)提(ti)(ti)高項目工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效益帶來不利(li)影響。為(wei)彌(mi)補這些缺(que)陷與不足，應(ying)該(gai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效把(ba)握每(mei)個要(yao)點，有(you)(you)(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)的(de)采(cai)取控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和完善措施，提(ti)(ti)高土(tu)(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)(jia)預(yu)結(jie)(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作水平。

1.土(tu)建工程造價預結算審核(he)的問題

工(gong)程預結算審核(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，工(gong)程量(liang)清單發揮著重要規范和指引作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，為各項工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)有效(xiao)開展創造良好條件，有利(li)于實現工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率提(ti)升，細致全(quan)面(mian)的掌握工(gong)程建(jian)設基本情況，避(bi)免資金(jin)浪費現象發生。但(dan)實際執(zhi)行過程中，一些審核(he)(he)人員素質偏低，未能結合(he)土建(jian)工(gong)程需(xu)要開展審核(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，預結算審核(he)(he)要點(dian)把(ba)握不到位，責任心不強(qiang)，制約審核(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率提(ti)升，存在以下方面(mian)的問(wen)題。

1.1招投(tou)(tou)標(biao)不(bu)(bu)規范。例如，標(biao)前現場勘查被忽視，答疑不(bu)(bu)到位，忽視清(qing)標(biao)或清(qing)標(biao)深度不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)。投(tou)(tou)標(biao)報(bao)價(jia)不(bu)(bu)合理導致結算糾紛。投(tou)(tou)標(biao)報(bao)價(jia)不(bu)(bu)合理導致糾紛發生(sheng)，漏(lou)報(bao)部分工程造價(jia)，不(bu)(bu)平衡報(bao)價(jia)法(fa)的(de)使用不(bu)(bu)當，對土建工程產(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)利影響。

1.2合(he)同不(bu)完善。沒有(you)預(yu)定價格變化情(qing)況，各主(zhu)體(ti)責任和需承擔的(de)風險(xian)不(bu)明確。對工程量增減幅(fu)度超過一定比例(li)的(de)情(qing)況，單價問(wen)題(ti)如何調整沒有(you)約定，或其它約定不(bu)到位(wei)，未能嚴格履行合(he)同要求，影響工程建設效益提(ti)升。

1.3工程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)不規(gui)范。土建工程(cheng)建設中出(chu)(chu)現(xian)不確定性因(yin)素，導致(zhi)工程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)。工程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)與原清單(dan)不一致(zhi)的內容，或(huo)土建施工方案變(bian)化(hua)，審(shen)核(he)時沒有全面(mian)進(jin)行規(gui)定和(he)完善。

2.土建工程造價預結算(suan)審核要(yao)點(dian)

為把握要點，提(ti)高預(yu)結(jie)算(suan)審核效(xiao)益，預(yu)防存在的問題(ti)與不足，發揮工程(cheng)量清單作用，根據土建工程(cheng)建設情況(kuang)，結(jie)合預(yu)結(jie)算(suan)審核需注(zhu)意的問題(ti)，應該采取以下采取改進措施，把握預(yu)結(jie)算(suan)審核要點。

2.1招投標管理審核要點。重視(shi)工程(cheng)現(xian)場勘(kan)查，招投標前開展答疑，形成一致認(ren)識，修正(zheng)設計(ji)圖紙(zhi)和工程(cheng)量清(qing)單，減少(shao)預(yu)(yu)結(jie)算(suan)糾紛。重視(shi)招投標的(de)清(qing)標工作，提高(gao)專(zhuan)業水平(ping)，確(que)保(bao)符合要求，合理調整價(jia)格，落實工程(cheng)量清(qing)單的(de)各項規范(fan)要求，避(bi)免結(jie)算(suan)糾紛，提高(gao)預(yu)(yu)結(jie)算(suan)審核效率。

2.2投標(biao)報價(jia)(jia)審核要(yao)點。使用(yong)不平(ping)衡報價(jia)(jia)法(fa)時(shi)要(yao)遵循合同(tong)規(gui)定，做好協商工(gong)作，約定工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)變化(hua)超過多大比例時(shi)，調整工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)清單(dan)單(dan)價(jia)(jia)的原則(ze)和方(fang)法(fa)。出現漏報情況(kuang)時(shi)根據相(xiang)關規(gui)定處(chu)(chu)理(li)，雙方(fang)還可(ke)以進行協商處(chu)(chu)理(li)，采用(yong)合適的應對方(fang)法(fa)，避免(mian)報價(jia)(jia)不合理(li)。

2.3合(he)(he)同(tong)管理(li)審(shen)核要(yao)點。價格(ge)波動(dong)風險承擔中，參照相關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和國際慣例處(chu)理(li)，承包人承擔5%以(yi)內的(de)(de)材料、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設備(bei)價格(ge)風險，10%以(yi)內的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)機具使用費風險。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)增(zeng)減幅度超(chao)出規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)，有約定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)根據約定(ding)(ding)(ding)處(chu)理(li)，沒有約定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)協商處(chu)理(li)，同(tong)時(shi)參照規(gui)范妥善處(chu)理(li)，偏差(cha)超(chao)過15%時(shi)可調整綜合(he)(he)單(dan)價。如果價格(ge)形式(shi)約定(ding)(ding)(ding)不明(ming)，結算審(shen)核時(shi)要(yao)遵循施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)示范文(wen)本，確保合(he)(he)同(tong)文(wen)本符(fu)合(he)(he)規(gui)范要(yao)求，對(dui)相關(guan)條(tiao)款解(jie)(jie)釋，妥善解(jie)(jie)決糾(jiu)紛。簽訂合(he)(he)同(tong)時(shi)應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)思想認識，約定(ding)(ding)(ding)處(chu)理(li)方(fang)式(shi)，有效規(gui)范各方(fang)的(de)(de)實際行動(dong)，促進審(shen)核工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效率(lv)提(ti)升。

2.4工(gong)程(cheng)變(bian)更(geng)審核要點。土建工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)中，如(ru)果變(bian)更(geng)導致與清單不(bu)一致，根(gen)據規范調整，結(jie)合變(bian)更(geng)工(gong)程(cheng)資料、計量(liang)規則、報價浮動率調整。變(bian)更(geng)導致項(xiang)目方案和費用(yong)變(bian)化，根(gen)據規定(ding)將方案提交發包方確認，詳細比較二者變(bian)化情況，改進方案，確認后執行，避(bi)免受(shou)到不(bu)必要的(de)損失(shi)。

2.5其它預(yu)(yu)結(jie)算審核(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)。除采取(qu)上述(shu)措(cuo)施外，為提高(gao)預(yu)(yu)結(jie)算審核(he)效果，確保資金(jin)落實到位(wei)，防止不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)損失(shi)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)采取(qu)以(yi)下(xia)對(dui)策，把(ba)握預(yu)(yu)結(jie)算審核(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)。

（1）設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)審核要(yao)點。明確土建工程(cheng)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)意圖，優化(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方案(an)(an)，對不同方案(an)(an)的(de)技術性(xing)與(yu)經濟性(xing)對比分析。做好施工現(xian)(xian)場(chang)勘(kan)查工作，全面掌握(wo)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目基(ji)本情(qing)況，促進設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水平有效提升。減少設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)誤差，做好方案(an)(an)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和管(guan)理(li)工作，從而(er)更(geng)好指導土建工程(cheng)建設(she)(she)，減少設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變更(geng)和現(xian)(xian)場(chang)簽(qian)證，防止不必要(yao)損(sun)失出現(xian)(xian)。

（2）招投標管理審(shen)核要點。根(gen)據(ju)項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設內容詳細(xi)編制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量清單(dan)，控制項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造價，避免(mian)缺項(xiang)和(he)漏(lou)項(xiang)情況。對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝復雜，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)周(zhou)期長，質量要求高的(de)(de)項(xiang)目盡量采用綜(zong)合評標法(fa)。選(xuan)擇施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位時，綜(zong)合考慮(lv)其資質、影(ying)響力、信譽度(du)等內容，全(quan)面對(dui)比和(he)分析，選(xuan)擇最優(you)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位，提(ti)升(sheng)土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)質量、進度(du)和(he)效益(yi)。

（3）合同(tong)管理(li)審核要(yao)點(dian)。加(jia)強合同(tong)管理(li)，明確各方權(quan)利和義(yi)務，對工(gong)程建設也產生重(zhong)要(yao)指導作(zuo)用。加(jia)強合同(tong)管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，為工(gong)程結算審核提供依(yi)據。對工(gong)程量(liang)清(qing)單描述缺項、漏項，價(jia)格風險等(deng)作(zuo)出(chu)約(yue)定(ding)，避免不(bu)必要(yao)損失，維護自身正當權(quan)益。

（4）變(bian)更管理審(shen)核(he)(he)要(yao)點(dian)。土建施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，現場變(bian)更須符合施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求，嚴格審(shen)核(he)(he)并加(jia)強監理，不得出現任意變(bian)更。對必須發(fa)生的變(bian)更要(yao)全面審(shen)核(he)(he)，保證符合要(yao)求，防止工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變(bian)更而導致造(zao)價增加(jia)，有(you)效控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設質量和效益。

4.結束語

總(zong)而言之，土(tu)建(jian)項(xiang)目工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)中，為提高(gao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預結(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核效率，需要(yao)結(jie)合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量清(qing)單的(de)具體內容和實際情(qing)況，明(ming)確存在(zai)的(de)不足，有針對性的(de)采取控制和完善措施(shi)。同時還要(yao)加(jia)強施(shi)工(gong)管理，提高(gao)預結(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核人(ren)員綜合(he)素質，重視工(gong)作經(jing)驗(yan)總(zong)結(jie)。順利完成土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預結(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核各項(xiang)任務，確保資金(jin)支出(chu)合(he)理。各項(xiang)資金(jin)得到(dao)(dao)充分和有效的(de)利用，防止出(chu)現(xian)不必要(yao)損失，達到(dao)(dao)提高(gao)土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)效益的(de)目的(de)。

參考文獻

[1]李偉(wei)才.淺析(xi)工(gong)程造價預結算審核的步(bu)驟及審核方(fang)法[J].企(qi)業技術(shu)開(kai)發，2016（1），128-129.

篇7

關鍵詞：審計(ji)新模式；內部(bu)審計(ji)；重點；對(dui)策

一、審(shen)(shen)計新模(mo)式下(xia)工程(cheng)內部(bu)審(shen)(shen)計的(de)重(zhong)點

1.對項目(mu)可行性(xing)的審查

確定工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)基(ji)本原則的(de)(de)正確性(xing)，技術經濟方案的(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)和最優性(xing)，是(shi)縮短工(gong)(gong)期，提高質量，并獲取最大化經濟效益的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)階(jie)段，所以對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)的(de)(de)審(shen)查(cha)是(shi)非常有必要(yao)的(de)(de)，是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)內部審(shen)計的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)環節(jie)。項目(mu)(mu)可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)的(de)(de)審(shen)點內容(rong)包括，可行(xing)(xing)性(xing)研究報告的(de)(de)科(ke)學合(he)(he)理性(xing)，內容(rong)的(de)(de)完整性(xing)和真實性(xing)，以及對(dui)經濟、市(shi)場、管(guan)理、財會、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)等影(ying)響(xiang)因素的(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)考慮等等。

2.對(dui)項目投資估算的(de)審查

（1）遵循資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)最(zui)(zui)優(you)配制、經濟效益(yi)最(zui)(zui)高的原則，深入細致地研究市場，并掌握第一手資(zi)(zi)料，反映投資(zi)(zi)情況的真實性，投資(zi)(zi)方(fang)案的最(zui)(zui)優(you)化。（2）依(yi)據合法性和真實性，主要(yao)包括(kuo)項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)書、規模及方(fang)案、設(she)計方(fang)案、設(she)備材料表、設(she)備價格(ge)運行費(fei)率及材料預算(suan)價格(ge)、同類項(xiang)目(mu)投資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)料、資(zi)(zi)金來源(yuan)及貸款利率和建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)投資(zi)(zi)等方(fang)面要(yao)求。（3）投資(zi)(zi)總額構成的真實性，重點審查工程費(fei)和其他費(fei)用。

3.對資金籌(chou)措方式的審(shen)查

資金(jin)(jin)籌措方(fang)(fang)式的(de)審查內容主要(yao)包(bao)括，建設(she)資金(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)流動資金(jin)(jin)來源的(de)規(gui)范性，發行股票向社會公開籌資方(fang)(fang)式的(de)合理(li)性，貸款的(de)償還能力，考核投(tou)資回收期與相(xiang)關規(gui)定是否相(xiang)符，工程項目投(tou)資的(de)效(xiao)益(yi)分析，分析方(fang)(fang)法的(de)科學合理(li)性。其中(zhong)投(tou)資效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)審查應該從三個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)著手，基本(ben)數(shu)據預測審計(ji)(ji)、投(tou)資效(xiao)益(yi)指(zhi)標、再評(ping)價和(he)(he)投(tou)資風險審計(ji)(ji)。

4.對項目招投標程序的審查

（1）項目(mu)設(she)計招投標(biao)(biao)審查(cha)設(she)計單(dan)位(wei)的資(zi)質等級(ji)，多家比較(jiao)分析，設(she)計結果的標(biao)(biao)準性和(he)可行性是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)(biao)準和(he)要求(qiu)。競標(biao)(biao)方(fang)案評(ping)審的規(gui)范(fan)性，設(she)計費用(yong)的支取是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)。（2）項目(mu)施工招投標(biao)(biao)審查(cha)審查(cha)招投標(biao)(biao)工作(zuo)(zuo)與相(xiang)關(guan)文(wen)件規(gui)定(ding)的相(xiang)符性，施工隊(dui)伍的資(zi)質、技術力量、裝備水平、施工業績、工程質量等情況(kuang)，招投標(biao)(biao)工作(zuo)(zuo)的工作(zuo)(zuo)程序和(he)工作(zuo)(zuo)紀律，招投標(biao)(biao)的資(zi)料、會議記錄，施工總包方(fang)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在(zai)未(wei)經同(tong)意，層層轉包現象。

5.對項目經濟合同的審查

審(shen)查(cha)合同項目的(de)必要性(xing)、可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)及(ji)效(xiao)益性(xing)，當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)行(xing)為能力、企業信譽、產品質量(liang)(liang)等(deng)，合同條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)合法性(xing)、嚴密(mi)(mi)性(xing)、準確(que)(que)性(xing)，當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)權(quan)利和義務關系的(de)對等(deng)性(xing)。審(shen)查(cha)內(nei)容主要包括(kuo)，合同條(tiao)例的(de)明確(que)(que)性(xing)，內(nei)容與有關政(zheng)策法規的(de)相符性(xing)，合同條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)嚴密(mi)(mi)性(xing)、準確(que)(que)性(xing)和完整性(xing)，經濟合同中凡(fan)涉及(ji)到數量(liang)(liang)、價款(kuan)、期(qi)限、質量(liang)(liang)標準、技術條(tiao)件、技術要求(qiu)、驗收方法、付款(kuan)方式(shi)及(ji)期(qi)限、運輸中的(de)責任(ren)(ren)等(deng)條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)具體性(xing)，意思明確(que)(que)，違約責任(ren)(ren)和合同約束。

6.對建材與設備選(xuan)購審查

建筑材(cai)料和設(she)備(bei)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)計(ji)劃性，價格與(yu)合同(tong)的(de)(de)一致性，擅(shan)自提高標準和擴大建筑規模等情況(kuang)。乙(yi)方采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)機械(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)合格性，大中型設(she)備(bei)代購(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)招(zhao)投標以及采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)合同(tong)，建筑材(cai)料設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)合格證(zheng)書和資格證(zheng)書等，以及材(cai)料采(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)入庫程(cheng)序。

7.對項目施(shi)工管(guan)理的審查

超出規(gui)模的(de)項目是(shi)否實行監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)制度(du)，建(jian)立單(dan)(dan)位的(de)招(zhao)標方法，建(jian)設監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)委托合同與承包(bao)合同對(dui)建(jian)設監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)權(quan)限和(he)責任的(de)約定的(de)一致性，是(shi)否明確建(jian)設監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)權(quan)限和(he)責任，施工(gong)(gong)代表的(de)現場監(jian)(jian)督(du)職責，以及對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)進度(du)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)質量的(de)掌(zhang)握，施工(gong)(gong)規(gui)范(fan)、材料、構件、設備的(de)規(gui)格和(he)質量與規(gui)定是(shi)否相符。

二、審計(ji)(ji)新模式下工程內部審計(ji)(ji)的對策

1.注重(zhong)工(gong)程設計階段(duan)的審核

首(shou)先，圖紙設計(ji)要具備(bei)一定的(de)深度，且質(zhi)量較(jiao)好，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖設計(ji)到位，那么工(gong)程(cheng)量清單編制的(de)質(zhi)量就(jiu)會有所提高，就(jiu)可以(yi)減少(shao)或(huo)者(zhe)避免發生(sheng)設計(ji)變(bian)更，從(cong)而(er)(er)全面控制不(bu)平衡(heng)報價。其次，分析(xi)了(le)解設計(ji)所采用的(de)新材料和特殊材料等市(shi)場信(xin)息與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝等，設計(ji)推薦材料市(shi)場的(de)供貨渠道(dao)減少(shao)，或(huo)者(zhe)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝不(bu)完(wan)善，都會直接導致工(gong)程(cheng)量清單項目(mu)綜合單價進行調整，從(cong)而(er)(er)對項目(mu)風(feng)險分配結構(gou)與(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)結算造價控制造成直接影響。內(nei)部審計(ji)對于設計(ji)的(de)控制，可以(yi)在簽訂合同(tong)時，明確標示約束條件(jian)。

2.注(zhu)重(zhong)清標(biao)、詢(xun)標(biao)工作

在清標(biao)(biao)時，需要遵循一(yi)定的(de)規律。其(qi)一(yi)，以(yi)清單(dan)工(gong)程量大(da)或者預計后續工(gong)程量增加大(da)的(de)項目合理(li)性(xing)分析為基礎，和(he)市場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)、經(jing)驗價(jia)(jia)格(ge)比(bi)較(jiao)，較(jiao)高或較(jiao)低(di)的(de)單(dan)價(jia)(jia)都必須(xu)進行進一(yi)步審(shen)查。其(qi)二，比(bi)較(jiao)分析招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)報(bao)價(jia)(jia)中的(de)相似項目價(jia)(jia)格(ge)，觀察(cha)是(shi)否其(qi)中存(cun)在異常，以(yi)及(ji)其(qi)對結算的(de)影(ying)響。清標(biao)(biao)中，一(yi)旦(dan)發現(xian)存(cun)在嚴重偏離或涉(she)及(ji)數額相對較(jiao)大(da)等現(xian)象，必須(xu)按照相關要求及(ji)時澄清，甚至(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)廢(fei)標(biao)(biao)。其(qi)三，對于(yu)措(cuo)施(shi)費(fei)用(yong)總價(jia)(jia)包(bao)干的(de)項目，則需要根(gen)據施(shi)工(gong)方案的(de)可(ke)行性(xing)做詳(xiang)細審(shen)查。就施(shi)工(gong)企業來(lai)說，通過清標(biao)(biao)和(he)詢標(biao)(biao)后，費(fei)用(yong)劃入包(bao)干使用(yong)。

3.注重(zhong)技術變(bian)更和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)簽證審核(he)

就項(xiang)目建設方(fang)而(er)言(yan)，必須(xu)對工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術變更(geng)進(jin)(jin)行嚴格控制和(he)詳細論證，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業為(wei)了提(ti)高(gao)不平(ping)衡報(bao)價所(suo)(suo)報(bao)的(de)(de)低價項(xiang)目，中標后，可以(yi)提(ti)出項(xiang)目技(ji)術變更(geng)，以(yi)此重(zhong)新組(zu)價。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)，變更(geng)通知(zhi)前(qian)，必須(xu)組(zu)織各方(fang)相關人員對變更(geng)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)理性(xing)和(he)經(jing)濟性(xing)進(jin)(jin)行詳細分析、評(ping)定(ding)(ding)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，還要(yao)加強對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)考察(cha)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視，其中部分變更(geng)是在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)生，具有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)主客觀(guan)原因(yin)(yin)，因(yin)(yin)此，在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必須(xu)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)關注(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度，對變更(geng)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)經(jing)濟責(ze)任(ren)進(jin)(jin)行鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)，詳細做好(hao)審計記錄(lu)，督促各方(fang)實時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)和(he)簽(qian)單(dan)，避免后續補簽(qian)等(deng)。在(zai)簽(qian)證時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，經(jing)過(guo)考察(cha)和(he)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)，建設方(fang)認為(wei)合(he)(he)同約(yue)定(ding)(ding)措施(shi)費(fei)用(yong)為(wei)包干(gan)使(shi)用(yong)，并且(qie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術問題與惡劣天氣(qi)環境等(deng)都(dou)需要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業承擔(dan)風(feng)險(xian)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)，費(fei)用(yong)即使(shi)產(chan)(chan)生，但(dan)是不能簽(qian)證。

4.做好結(jie)算審核(he)工作

內(nei)部(bu)審(shen)(shen)計是(shi)對(dui)結(jie)算的審(shen)(shen)計，應該根據時間和委托人(ren)相關要求(qiu)，合(he)(he)理選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)(he)適(shi)的審(shen)(shen)計方法(fa)，對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量計算和單價(jia)套用進(jin)行(xing)審(shen)(shen)核。在審(shen)(shen)核過程(cheng)(cheng)中，要注重審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目內(nei)容與實(shi)(shi)際(ji)內(nei)容的相符性，價(jia)格的真實(shi)(shi)性，建筑材料的質量，以及綜合(he)(he)單價(jia)中是(shi)否(fou)包(bao)含工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容另外的項目重復(fu)計算等等。還要對(dui)招標文件和施(shi)工(gong)合(he)(he)同進(jin)行(xing)深入(ru)探究和理解(jie)，嚴格按照既定方式作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)結(jie)算依(yi)據。在此基礎上，還需要進(jin)一(yi)步審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)簽證是(shi)否(fou)與規定相符，是(shi)否(fou)從屬(shu)于(yu)合(he)(he)同造價(jia)。

三、結語

綜上所(suo)述(shu)，內(nei)部審(shen)(shen)計(ji)主要是(shi)對工程造(zao)(zao)價(jia)進行(xing)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)和控(kong)制(zhi)，以提高(gao)資金使用效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)為目標，為工程帶來更多(duo)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)和社會效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。在(zai)審(shen)(shen)計(ji)新模式下，工程項(xiang)目造(zao)(zao)價(jia)審(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)根據、內(nei)容和方(fang)法都(dou)發(fa)生了(le)非常大的(de)(de)改變，為了(le)適(shi)應工程市場(chang)競爭定(ding)價(jia)的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)，工程內(nei)部審(shen)(shen)計(ji)對造(zao)(zao)價(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)節段(duan)，以及各階段(duan)的(de)(de)重點和對策(ce)也應該進行(xing)適(shi)當調整(zheng)。

參考文獻

[1]國(guo)惠龍，溫可寧.大數據時(shi)代下內部(bu)審計發展策略淺析[J].活力，2014，（7）：83.

篇8

【關鍵(jian)詞(ci)】房地(di)產企業工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目內部控制風險管理(li)

【中圖分類(lei)號(hao)】F224

一、房地產企業工程(cheng)項目內部控制簡介(jie)

近年來，我國房地(di)產(chan)(chan)行業(ye)(ye)飛速(su)發(fa)展，并在短短的(de)(de)幾年間，一(yi)度成為我國國民經濟(ji)支柱型產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。然(ran)而現(xian)(xian)階段，由于市場競爭(zheng)日益激烈，針對(dui)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)犯(fan)罪和腐敗問題引發(fa)了社會各界對(dui)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)批(pi)評和關注，出現(xian)(xian)問題的(de)(de)房地(di)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)大多數(shu)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)做的(de)(de)差，甚至忽視內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性，也因此導致房地(di)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)不能及時發(fa)現(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目隱藏的(de)(de)巨大風險(xian)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)只有對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)給予高(gao)度重(zhong)視，才(cai)能防范類似風險(xian)的(de)(de)發(fa)生。

二、房地產企業工程項目內(nei)部控制(zhi)面臨的主要風險

（一）工(gong)程(cheng)立(li)項管理

1.項(xiang)目建(jian)議書不合規

項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)議書(shu)編(bian)(bian)制要規(gui)范(fan)，必須先保證內容(rong)齊全，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)議書(shu)具體(ti)內容(rong)包括開發項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的意義及依據(ju)、產品(pin)的初步方案(an)、建(jian)設規(gui)模、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進度計(ji)劃等等。房地產企業在編(bian)(bian)制項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)議書(shu)時(shi)，容(rong)易出(chu)現項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)議書(shu)內容(rong)不(bu)全面、不(bu)規(gui)范(fan)，產品(pin)方案(an)及用途模糊，建(jian)設規(gui)模不(bu)明確，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)資金(jin)概算(suan)與項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進度計(ji)劃安排不(bu)一致，進而無法為項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)提供實質性的建(jian)議。

2.可(ke)行性(xing)研究流于形式

項(xiang)(xiang)目建議書編(bian)(bian)(bian)制完成后，企(qi)業應(ying)及(ji)時開展可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)，并(bing)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制《項(xiang)(xiang)目可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)報(bao)告》，房地產企(qi)業在編(bian)(bian)(bian)制可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)報(bao)告時，要注意(yi)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)涵蓋那些(xie)(xie)方面(mian)，如項(xiang)(xiang)目建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義、市場前景、項(xiang)(xiang)目建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)地址選(xuan)擇及(ji)標準(zhun)等相關內(nei)容(rong)。但在實際項(xiang)(xiang)目立項(xiang)(xiang)階段，企(qi)業往往會忽(hu)視可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)或(huo)者(zhe)是只注重可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)忽(hu)略內(nei)容(rong)實質(zhi)，更有的(de)(de)(de)(de)在可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)中只觸及(ji)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西而可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度未達到標準(zhun)或(huo)者(zhe)實質(zhi)要求，這些(xie)(xie)都不(bu)利于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目決策，可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)流(liu)于(yu)形式(shi)會導致決策不(bu)當(dang)，難以實現項(xiang)(xiang)目預(yu)期效益，甚至可(ke)(ke)能導致項(xiang)(xiang)目失敗。

3.項目決(jue)策與評審流程不規范

房地產企(qi)業應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)組織企(qi)業投(tou)資發展部(bu)、計劃財務部(bu)、項目運營部(bu)的(de)相關專業人(ren)員或(huo)者委托具有(you)相應(ying)資質的(de)專業機構，對企(qi)業的(de)項目建(jian)議(yi)書與可(ke)行性(xing)研(yan)究報告進行評(ping)(ping)審，經過充分(fen)論證之后給出相應(ying)的(de)評(ping)(ping)審意見，注意項目評(ping)(ping)審人(ren)員應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)與項目建(jian)議(yi)書與可(ke)行性(xing)報告的(de)編制人(ren)員應(ying)當(dang)(dang)(dang)適(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)分(fen)離。項目決策與評(ping)(ping)審程序(xu)不(bu)規范，比如(ru)采用“少數服從多數”進行決策，或(huo)者不(bu)符合適(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)獨(du)立性(xing)，都會導致項目決策、評(ping)(ping)審程序(xu)流(liu)于形式而(er)不(bu)利(li)于項目的(de)決策。

（二）工程(cheng)招(zhao)標管理(li)

1.投標資(zi)格(ge)審核未做到公(gong)平(ping)化(hua)、透明化(hua)

房地(di)產(chan)企業工程項目投(tou)標(biao)單(dan)(dan)位一(yi)般是通過(guo)公開招標(biao)的方式進行(xing)選擇，通過(guo)網絡或(huo)者社(she)會(hui)關(guan)系尋找供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商，進行(xing)篩選，擇優選擇具有相應(ying)資質(zhi)的供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商。但(dan)實際操(cao)作中，由于投(tou)標(biao)資格的審核條(tiao)件是人(ren)為設置的，標(biao)準因(yin)人(ren)而異，很難做(zuo)到公平、透明，很有可能存(cun)在(zai)暗箱(xiang)操(cao)作的情況，所(suo)以(yi)中標(biao)人(ren)的質(zhi)量(liang)很難保證，無端將合格單(dan)(dan)位排除(chu)在(zai)外(wai)。

2.招標人與投標人串(chuan)通(tong)投標進行舞(wu)弊

 房(fang)地(di)產企業在(zai)組(zu)織(zhi)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)時，招標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以組(zu)織(zhi)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)去(qu)項(xiang)目現場去(qu)考察，便于投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)對(dui)項(xiang)目進行全(quan)面(mian)具體(ti)的(de)了解；還可(ke)(ke)(ke)以召開(kai)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)預備會(hui)，對(dui)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)的(de)疑問進行解答。在(zai)雙方(fang)接觸(chu)的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，招標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)與投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)之間可(ke)(ke)(ke)能會(hui)串通投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)進而舞弊，對(dui)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)質量產生(sheng)不良的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。

3.開(kai)標不透明(ming)、評標不合理

根據招(zhao)(zhao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關規定，房地(di)產(chan)企業應當遵(zun)循公開(kai)、公正(zheng)、平等的(de)原則，招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)公告，同時(shi)要提(ti)供招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)工(gong)程(cheng)及開(kai)評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、定標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)程(cheng)序、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準等內容(rong)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件。企業需對(dui)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件是否符合招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件進行審核，對(dui)未進行保密的(de)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件進行廢除。若開(kai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)要求(qiu)不明確(que)，會誤(wu)拒合格單位參與開(kai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)；廢標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準不清(qing)晰，容(rong)易導致現(xian)場核對(dui)不嚴格。評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)工(gong)作未按招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)件約定條款進行，未做到公平、公正(zheng)、合理，或者(zhe)因個別評委做出誤(wu)導性陳述或相(xiang)(xiang)關言論，可(ke)能導致中標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)候選人并非(fei)最優選擇。

（三）工程設計管理

1.設計單位選擇不(bu)當

設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)的(de)(de)選擇直接(jie)影響整個(ge)工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量，企(qi)(qi)業應當指定專門機構負責設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)信息采(cai)(cai)集，從而建立設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)資源信息庫(ku)，再根據設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)資源信息庫(ku)結合項(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)行針對性調查，重點關注設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)的(de)(de)組織結構、項(xiang)目(mu)運作方式、工(gong)地服務質(zhi)(zhi)量等方面，同時(shi)根據項(xiang)目(mu)情況采(cai)(cai)用邀(yao)標和(he)直接(jie)委托的(de)(de)方式選擇設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)。設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)的(de)(de)選擇不當，比(bi)如設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位(wei)的(de)(de)資質(zhi)(zhi)不符合項(xiang)目(mu)要求，容(rong)易(yi)產生(sheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)錯誤、遺(yi)漏，使企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)無法達到(dao)預期(qi)的(de)(de)效果。

2.項(xiang)目概算嚴(yan)重脫離實際

房地產企業應(ying)編(bian)制(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)計成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)概算，為控制(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)設(she)計投入和項(xiang)目(mu)的投資提供依據。同時(shi)企業應(ying)及時(shi)進行成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)概算、投資收益(yi)的修(xiu)正，并(bing)形成(cheng)(cheng)下階段預控目(mu)標成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。但在實際操作中，項(xiang)目(mu)的概算易嚴(yan)重脫(tuo)離實際，導致項(xiang)目(mu)投資失控。

3.設計(ji)變更審批不嚴格(ge)

房地產企業應明確設計(ji)(ji)變(bian)更的審(shen)批權限，規范設計(ji)(ji)變(bian)更的審(shen)核(he)流程。設計(ji)(ji)變(bian)更未(wei)經(jing)審(shen)批或者審(shen)批不嚴格，可能(neng)會影(ying)響規劃要(yao)求，增加不必要(yao)的成本(ben)，發生重大經(jing)濟損失。

（四(si)）工程建設管(guan)理

1.盲目趕進度影響(xiang)工(gong)程質量

建設(she)單(dan)位一般會根(gen)據施(shi)工(gong)(gong)合同總工(gong)(gong)期(qi)要(yao)求，審核(he)和(he)檢查施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位上報(bao)的(de)月施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度計(ji)劃、周施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度計(ji)劃，那么這(zhe)就會造(zao)成承包單(dan)位會為了(le)應付建設(she)單(dan)位的(de)檢查，盲目的(de)趕進度，進而(er)影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)程的(de)質(zhi)量，建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)安全(quan)也得(de)不到保障。

2.建設資金(jin)使用管理混亂

建(jian)設項(xiang)目應(ying)以施工(gong)合同為標準，只(zhi)有通過工(gong)程建(jian)設部（建(jian)設單位）組織的(de)整體竣工(gong)驗收(shou)，并(bing)已進入(ru)竣工(gong)審核備案階段，方可進入(ru)結算審核程序(xu)。但在實際(ji)工(gong)作中，工(gong)程進度(du)款結算周期(qi)不定，有的(de)按月，有的(de)按年，容(rong)易引起建(jian)設資金使用(yong)混亂，項(xiang)目資金嚴重短缺，延誤(wu)工(gong)期(qi)。

3.工程(cheng)變更頻繁延(yan)誤工期

房地產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點就是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)(she)(she)周(zhou)期(qi)長，在漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，往往會發生一些非常規事項(xiang)(xiang)。如建設(she)(she)(she)單位要(yao)求對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進行修改(gai)、外部環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化等(deng)等(deng)，必須對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)進行變更(geng)(geng)。為(wei)保證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順利進行，建設(she)(she)(she)單位必須做出應對(dui)，那(nei)么在變更(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，由于房地產企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利益關系錯綜復雜，往往會引起方方面面的(de)(de)(de)(de)變動(dong)，從(cong)而影響企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)資金費用，最終導致工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未能按時完成(cheng)。

（五）工(gong)程驗收管理

1.交房前未進行驗收審核可(ke)能導致工程質量降低(di)

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)是在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)結束(shu)之后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)的程(cheng)(cheng)序，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)應(ying)當符合(he)規定(ding)的質量標準，有完整、全(quan)面的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術經濟資料及(ji)文件(jian)，并滿(man)足國家規定(ding)的企業竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)的條件(jian)。對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)合(he)格的項目(mu)，應(ying)當及(ji)時(shi)上(shang)交財產清(qing)單，及(ji)時(shi)辦理交付(fu)使用手續(xu)。房地產企業在交房前若(ruo)未(wei)進(jin)行(xing)建筑功能、觀(guan)感和(he)用戶滿(man)意度的驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)審核可能導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量降低，無法達到預期效果。

2.竣工決算未(wei)經審計

根據(ju)竣(jun)工(gong)結算相關(guan)(guan)規定，企(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)組(zu)織相關(guan)(guan)部門(men)的專業(ye)人員對竣(jun)工(gong)項目進行決算，在審核中，應當(dang)重點關(guan)(guan)注審查決算依(yi)據(ju)是否充分、相關(guan)(guan)竣(jun)工(gong)文件(jian)是否齊全、竣(jun)工(gong)清理是否結束、決算的編制(zhi)是否有(you)誤。

竣(jun)工(gong)決算(suan)未經(jing)審計，可能造(zao)成(cheng)項目投資完成(cheng)額不準確、開(kai)發成(cheng)本虛報(bao)或者私(si)藏結(jie)余資金，使(shi)竣(jun)工(gong)結(jie)算(suan)失(shi)真。

3.未對完工項目進行后評估

工程項(xiang)目(mu)后(hou)評(ping)估(gu)是指對(dui)已(yi)完成(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)效益、影響進行總(zong)結與分析的(de)(de)活動，評(ping)價的(de)(de)主要(yao)內容(rong)是工程項(xiang)目(mu)是否(fou)達到(dao)預期(qi)的(de)(de)目(mu)標以及(ji)項(xiang)目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)收益等，并把評(ping)估(gu)結果作(zuo)為(wei)企業績效考核與責任(ren)追究的(de)(de)依據。未對(dui)完工項(xiang)目(mu)進行后(hou)評(ping)估(gu)使得(de)企業無法及(ji)時(shi)總(zong)結質量管理(li)經驗，資(zi)源沒有(you)的(de)(de)得(de)到(dao)充分的(de)(de)利用，影響管理(li)效率與效果的(de)(de)提高。

三、房地產企業工程項(xiang)目內部控制風險(xian)應對(dui)措施

（一）工程立項管理

1.重(zhong)視項目建議(yi)書的編制

企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應根據工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)相關規定，結合本企(qi)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)際(ji)情況，來規范(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建議(yi)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)編(bian)制，對于專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性較(jiao)強、較(jiao)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)可以委托(tuo)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)財會、技術、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)機(ji)構專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)進行(xing)編(bian)制，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建議(yi)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)編(bian)制，要特(te)別注意相關內容(rong)的(de)(de)協調(diao)、明確，并(bing)且(qie)要對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)質量(liang)、標準、投資(zi)估算、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進度安排進行(xing)充分的(de)(de)論(lun)證評估，保證項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建議(yi)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)規范(fan)、有效。

2.確保可(ke)行性研究的編制質(zhi)量

對于(yu)可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)報告的(de)編制(zhi)(zhi)，房地產企(qi)業(ye)應制(zhi)(zhi)定完善的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度，相關(guan)編制(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)應當按照(zhao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)規章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度來進行(xing)編制(zhi)(zhi)，對于(yu)項(xiang)目(mu)比(bi)較重(zhong)大的(de)，涉(she)及金額比(bi)較大的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)，企(qi)業(ye)可以(yi)委托(tuo)相關(guan)的(de)法律、技術、項(xiang)目(mu)工程機構(gou)等(deng)相關(guan)專業(ye)人員(yuan)來開展可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)，當然在選擇專業(ye)機構(gou)的(de)時，企(qi)業(ye)應有一套標(biao)準，以(yi)確(que)保專業(ye)機構(gou)的(de)資質、業(ye)績、聲譽等(deng)符合要(yao)求。

3.委托專業機(ji)構對可行(xing)性研(yan)究報告進(jin)行(xing)審(shen)核(he)

房地產企業(ye)應(ying)(ying)當組(zu)織企業(ye)內(nei)部相關(guan)(guan)部門組(zu)建(jian)專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)審(shen)組(zu)或者委托(tuo)具有相應(ying)(ying)資質機構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)業(ye)人員(yuan)對(dui)(dui)項目(mu)(mu)可行性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)報告進(jin)(jin)(jin)行評(ping)(ping)審(shen)，要(yao)(yao)注意可行性(xing)(xing)報告或者項目(mu)(mu)建(jian)議(yi)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)人員(yuan)不得進(jin)(jin)(jin)行項目(mu)(mu)評(ping)(ping)審(shen)，評(ping)(ping)審(shen)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)員(yuan)應(ying)(ying)熟悉工(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)流程，在(zai)決策時要(yao)(yao)充分(fen)兼(jian)顧項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量、標準(zhun)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)，不得采用“少數服(fu)從多數”原則進(jin)(jin)(jin)行決策，對(dui)(dui)項目(mu)(mu)方案、投(tou)資規模、投(tou)資估算、項目(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)情況進(jin)(jin)(jin)行嚴格(ge)審(shen)核(he)，充分(fen)核(he)實這(zhe)些內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)審(shen)批文(wen)件是否(fou)真(zhen)實、可靠，在(zai)可行性(xing)(xing)研究(jiu)中，經濟(ji)技(ji)術是整個項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心，要(yao)(yao)特別地對(dui)(dui)經濟(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行性(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析與論(lun)證(zheng)。決策過程中必須保證(zheng)有完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書面記錄，實行問責制(zhi)，“三(san)重一大(da)”項目(mu)(mu)要(yao)(yao)報經董事會或者類似(si)權力機構審(shen)批。

（二）工程招標管理

1.加強對投(tou)標資格審核管理

企業(ye)應(ying)當(dang)嚴(yan)格按(an)照招投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)相(xiang)關規定(ding)(ding)，結合本(ben)企業(ye)實際，遵循公開、公平、公正的原則(ze)，建(jian)立健全本(ben)單(dan)位的招投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)制度，明確(que)(que)招標(biao)(biao)(biao)工程項目(mu)的范(fan)圍、招標(biao)(biao)(biao)方式、招標(biao)(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、招標(biao)(biao)(biao)程序等環節的管理(li)規定(ding)(ding)。招標(biao)(biao)(biao)公告的編(bian)制要本(ben)著公開、透明的原則(ze)，嚴(yan)格按(an)照企業(ye)招投(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)管理(li)辦法確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)中標(biao)(biao)(biao)人，不(bu)得根據“意向中標(biao)(biao)(biao)人”的實際情況來確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)中標(biao)(biao)(biao)人的資(zi)格條件。建(jian)設單(dan)位不(bu)具有招標(biao)(biao)(biao)能力(li)的，應(ying)當(dang)委托相(xiang)應(ying)資(zi)質的專(zhuan)業(ye)機構(gou)人員招標(biao)(biao)(biao)。

2.對(dui)投標(biao)人的信息進行(xing)嚴格保(bao)密(mi)

為了防止招標人(ren)(ren)與(yu)投標人(ren)(ren)之間串通舞弊(bi)，我們應對投標人(ren)(ren)的(de)信(xin)息采取(qu)嚴(yan)格的(de)保密措施(shi)，任(ren)何人(ren)(ren)在公(gong)布中標方之前都不得透(tou)露投標人(ren)(ren)的(de)信(xin)息，對于未(wei)做到保密的(de)投標，企(qi)業應當(dang)做廢標處理，并追(zhui)究責任(ren)。只(zhi)有(you)找到符(fu)合資(zi)質條件(jian)的(de)投標人(ren)(ren)，才能確(que)保工程項目的(de)質量(liang)。

3.完(wan)善開標(biao)、評標(biao)、定標(biao)的內部控制環境

為(wei)了保證開標(biao)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公開、透明，企業(ye)(ye)應邀請所(suo)有(you)投標(biao)人或其出席(xi)開標(biao)，并邀請社會公正機構對開標(biao)環節進行(xing)監督(du)。企業(ye)(ye)應當(dang)組建評標(biao)委員(yuan)會，該評標(biao)委員(yuan)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成員(yuan)由企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關專業(ye)(ye)代表(biao)和有(you)關工程項目、財會、技術經濟方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專家組成。評標(biao)委員(yuan)會成員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名單在中標(biao)結果宣布之前應進行(xing)保密，評標(biao)委員(yuan)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成員(yuan)不(bu)得與投標(biao)人私下接觸，也不(bu)得受(shou)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而影(ying)響投標(biao)結果。

（三）工(gong)程設計(ji)管理

1.采(cai)用招標方(fang)式確(que)定(ding)設計單位

對于(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)選擇，房地產企(qi)(qi)業可以采(cai)用(yong)公開(kai)招標的(de)(de)(de)方式來確定設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，在(zai)篩選時，企(qi)(qi)業可以根據項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點來選擇具(ju)有相應資質的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，關于(yu)工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)合同，需(xu)要明確設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)權利和義務(wu)。特(te)別是當一個(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目由(you)不同的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)共同設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時，更需(xu)要分清楚(chu)責(ze)任，在(zai)這種(zhong)情況(kuang)下，可以確定一個(ge)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)作為主體(ti)(ti)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，主體(ti)(ti)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)需(xu)要對企(qi)(qi)業項(xiang)(xiang)目設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)情況(kuang)進行(xing)負責(ze)。對于(yu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案，企(qi)(qi)業應進行(xing)初步(bu)審查，通過(guo)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)復核(he)，層(ceng)層(ceng)把關，來保證工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。

篇9

公路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期比較長，涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目專(zhuan)業種(zhong)類比較多，所以(yi)在項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目建設(she)(she)過程(cheng)中必然會(hui)出(chu)現一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目變(bian)更(geng)(geng)[1]。當項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目出(chu)現變(bian)更(geng)(geng)時，相(xiang)關部門必須(xu)要(yao)先(xian)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)內容進行審批(pi)(pi)(pi)，保證合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)內容自(zi)身具有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)法律效應(ying)(ying)。當工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目產生變(bian)更(geng)(geng)之后(hou)，相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)審批(pi)(pi)(pi)環(huan)節進行把控，并做好(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目重(zhong)點設(she)(she)計部分(fen)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)處(chu)理(li)。將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)上(shang)報到(dao)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)主管部門，對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)進行審批(pi)(pi)(pi)。或將合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)上(shang)報到(dao)省級(ji)交(jiao)通(tong)部門來(lai)實現審批(pi)(pi)(pi)[2]，針(zhen)對(dui)一(yi)些(xie)較小(xiao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目變(bian)更(geng)(geng)需(xu)求，可以(yi)讓業主來(lai)進行審批(pi)(pi)(pi)，只(zhi)有工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目變(bian)更(geng)(geng)通(tong)過審批(pi)(pi)(pi)后(hou)，變(bian)更(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)內容才可以(yi)獲取法律層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)(de)保護。

2明確公路(lu)工程項目變更(geng)流程

從(cong)近年來(lai)公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)來(lai)看(kan)，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)業(ye)主(zhu)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)以(yi)及(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)三方(fang)，必須嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求來(lai)完成相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。當(dang)(dang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)提(ti)出之后(hou)(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容來(lai)處理(li)(li)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)環節(jie)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)后(hou)(hou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)整體變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綜合(he)(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一方(fang)可(ke)以(yi)先提(ti)交變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)申請，并填寫需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)原因，準備好與(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)，不(bu)論(lun)(lun)是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙，還是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報告(gao)，二者缺一不(bu)可(ke)，之后(hou)(hou)便可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)入(ru)到正(zheng)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序[3]。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)業(ye)主(zhu)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)核實(shi)，并組織施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)、業(ye)主(zhu)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)負(fu)責人(ren)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綜合(he)(he)(he)討論(lun)(lun)。嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)資金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，并調(diao)(diao)節(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個細節(jie)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)所(suo)有當(dang)(dang)事人(ren)可(ke)以(yi)達成一致。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)出現(xian)各(ge)種(zhong)意外(wai)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，比如(ru)(ru)突發(fa)地質災害等，可(ke)以(yi)分別對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)整，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)在這種(zhong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下繼續(xu)按(an)照項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)正(zheng)常審(shen)批(pi)(pi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)，很(hen)容易導致項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)產(chan)生損失。為了從(cong)根本上減少對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)可(ke)以(yi)多尋求業(ye)主(zhu)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見，多征(zheng)(zheng)求業(ye)主(zhu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)，盡快完善(shan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)手(shou)續(xu)，使(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)手(shou)續(xu)既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序有序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，又不(bu)影響施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)(he)(he)同產(chan)生變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)，必然會影響到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)整體建(jian)(jian)設成本，導致建(jian)(jian)設成本發(fa)生變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，所(suo)以(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)負(fu)責人(ren)必須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體估(gu)價工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)估(gu)價。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在征(zheng)(zheng)得(de)業(ye)主(zhu)同意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)合(he)(he)(he)同當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)所(suo)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)規定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)估(gu)算(suan)，并做(zuo)好業(ye)主(zhu)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)[4]，及(ji)時按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)以(yi)及(ji)不(bu)同時間(jian)段市場情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，給出具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙方(fang)需(xu)(xu)求價格(ge)。當(dang)(dang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)在對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)估(gu)算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，首先依據(ju)招(zhao)標文件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有關變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)單(dan)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)(he)(he)同中(zhong)有適用(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)費(fei)率(lv)以(yi)及(ji)單(dan)價等，作(zuo)為變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)價費(fei)用(yong)(yong)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)(he)(he)同當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)沒有具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)費(fei)率(lv)以(yi)及(ji)單(dan)價，相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員可(ke)以(yi)找出合(he)(he)(he)同當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)相(xiang)似部(bu)分進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)參(can)考(kao)，進(jin)而實(shi)現(xian)價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面估(gu)算(suan)。針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)(he)(he)同中(zhong)所(suo)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)適用(yong)(yong)性(xing)條(tiao)款，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)以(yi)及(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)業(ye)主(zhu)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)負(fu)責人(ren)相(xiang)互(hu)之間(jian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)適用(yong)(yong)性(xing)條(tiao)款進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)協(xie)商，為后(hou)(hou)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)計(ji)算(suan)提(ti)供參(can)考(kao)。

3完善公路工程項目合同(tong)管理制度(du)

公(gong)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目合同管理(li)(li)制度(du)(du)涉(she)及(ji)到許多方(fang)面，整(zheng)體(ti)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)范圍比較廣，包含了合同洽談、合同草擬以(yi)及(ji)合同簽訂等(deng)諸多環(huan)節(jie)(jie)。除了這些環(huan)節(jie)(jie)之(zhi)外，還(huan)涉(she)及(ji)到合同變(bian)更(geng)、合同終止以(yi)及(ji)廢除合同等(deng)方(fang)面。每(mei)一環(huan)節(jie)(jie)都必須嚴格(ge)按照我國出(chu)臺的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)規定(ding)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，以(yi)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目合同效力可以(yi)正常發揮。為了做好工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目合同管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，確保合同管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)有效性(xing)，相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)部門必須要先完善合同管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制度(du)(du)，比如合同交(jiao)底(di)制度(du)(du)或者是工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度(du)(du)款審(shen)批制度(du)(du)等(deng)多種制度(du)(du)。負責對合同進(jin)行(xing)(xing)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員，需(xu)要在合同前期(qi)準備階(jie)段，先交(jiao)底(di)，并對合同當中比較關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)細節(jie)(jie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)說明，方(fang)便相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員更(geng)加深(shen)入地(di)了解合同的(de)(de)(de)內容，避免產(chan)生各種錯誤。

4全面實(shi)現(xian)工程項目合同的動態管理

保(bao)證項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場簽證工(gong)作的(de)(de)正常(chang)進(jin)行，盡量多搜集項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)設計圖(tu)紙，并對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術加以說明，做好變更指令信息(xi)(xi)處理(li)，并對(dui)所有的(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)內容進(jin)行記(ji)錄。通(tong)過(guo)使用現(xian)代化信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術設備等形式，對(dui)工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)變更情況(kuang)進(jin)行處理(li)，并提(ti)供更加可靠的(de)(de)依據。如果工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中產生意外情況(kuang)，并導致項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)出現(xian)虧損，則業主方與項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)單位的(de)(de)內部(bu)負責人，需要在(zai)第一(yi)時間(jian)了解具體的(de)(de)虧損情況(kuang)，并進(jin)行記(ji)錄。嚴格(ge)執行公路工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)定(ding)額相關規定(ding)，按照(zhao)工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)合同中的(de)(de)各項(xiang)(xiang)規定(ding)，對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)進(jin)行建設，不得隨意修改(gai)合同。

5變更之后的合(he)同管理工作(zuo)方案

在對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)之后，相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員需要先對合同(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)完善，并(bing)(bing)(bing)針(zhen)對一(yi)些工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設計(ji)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)之后所涉及到(dao)的專業內(nei)容(rong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)明確(que)(que)。表述出項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)現場(chang)實際情況(kuang)。在項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合同(tong)設計(ji)過(guo)(guo)程中，還要做好(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監理(li)(li)活動[5]，對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設計(ji)任務書進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)完善。做好(hao)市(shi)場(chang)調查工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，并(bing)(bing)(bing)對各種(zhong)資(zi)源信息進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)查看，保證設施(shi)正(zheng)常落實，利用各種(zhong)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，來對設備選型技(ji)術指標進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)優化。整個處理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程還要關注環境問題，做好(hao)防(fang)震、防(fang)洪等方面的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)整體投資(zi)情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)綜合估算，并(bing)(bing)(bing)審查項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙，明確(que)(que)各種(zhong)尺寸，提升項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合同(tong)變(bian)(bian)更(geng)風險管理(li)(li)質(zhi)量[6]。

6結語

公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)如(ru)果出現(xian)變更(geng)，會對(dui)許(xu)多后續施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節產(chan)生影(ying)(ying)響。不僅會影(ying)(ying)響到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時還會影(ying)(ying)響到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)成本等，所以(yi)必須要做好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變更(geng)，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變更(geng)可以(yi)滿(man)足實(shi)際需(xu)求(qiu)。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變更(geng)可以(yi)從(cong)側面(mian)(mian)(mian)提升公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)性(xing)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時還可以(yi)縮短項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間，降低項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)成本，全(quan)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)提升項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。本文(wen)分別(bie)從(cong)嚴(yan)格把控工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變更(geng)審批權限、明確公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)變更(geng)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、對(dui)公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)制度進(jin)(jin)行完善、全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)實(shi)現(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的動態管(guan)理(li)(li)、變更(geng)之后的合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)案等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，對(dui)公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變更(geng)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)問(wen)題進(jin)(jin)行了闡述，希望(wang)可以(yi)為后續工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)提供(gong)參(can)考(kao)。

作者:杜穩(wen)平 單位:河北省公路(lu)工程(cheng)定額站

參考文獻：

[1]黃(huang)燕萍.合同管理中(zhong)(zhong)計量與支付臺(tai)賬的建立和(he)工程變(bian)更的管理[J].中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)高(gao)新技術(shu)企業，2016（26）：175-176.

[2]陳月花(hua).淺析(xi)國(guo)省干線公路施(shi)(shi)工中(zhong)工程變更(geng)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)及管理措施(shi)(shi)[J].科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新導報，2015（16）：186.

[3]張婧.高速公路合同管(guan)理(li)中計(ji)量與支付臺賬的建立和(he)工(gong)程變更的管(guan)理(li)分析[J].江西建材，2015（10）：182-183.

[4]顧(gu)梅.對高速(su)公路建設中(zhong)工程變(bian)更與工程索(suo)賠管理的探討(tao)[J].黑(hei)龍江交通科技，2013（4）：130-131.

篇10

北京市建(jian)設工程造價管(guan)理暫行(xing)規定完整版全文第一章(zhang)　總(zong) 則

第(di)一條(tiao) 為規范(fan)我(wo)市建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)計價行為，合理確定(ding)和(he)有效控制(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)造價，保證工(gong)程(cheng)質量和(he)安全，維護(hu)社(she)會和(he)諧穩定(ding)，促進建(jian)筑行業的健康發展，根(gen)據《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國建(jian)筑法(fa)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國招(zhao)標投標法(fa)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國價格法(fa)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國合同法(fa)》等有關法(fa)律法(fa)規，結合本市實際情況，制(zhi)定(ding)本規定(ding)。

第二(er)條(tiao) 本規(gui)定所稱的建(jian)設工(gong)程造(zao)價，是指(zhi)建(jian)設工(gong)程從(cong)立項到竣工(gong)驗收(shou)交(jiao)付使用(yong)(yong)所需的全部費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，包括建(jian)筑安裝(zhuang)工(gong)程費(fei)、設備(bei)(bei)及(ji)工(gong)器具購置費(fei)、工(gong)程建(jian)設其(qi)他費(fei)用(yong)(yong)、預備(bei)(bei)費(fei)、建(jian)設期(qi)貸款利息、國(guo)家(jia)規(gui)定應當計(ji)入工(gong)程造(zao)價的其(qi)他費(fei)用(yong)(yong)。

本規定所稱(cheng)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)計(ji)(ji)價(jia)，是指依照建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)不同階段的(de)相(xiang)關資料及有關規定、設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙、計(ji)(ji)價(jia)依據、方法、程(cheng)序計(ji)(ji)算(suan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)的(de)活動。

第三(san)條 在本(ben)市行政區域內(nei)從事房屋建(jian)筑和市政基礎(chu)設施建(jian)設的工程造價(jia)編制、確(que)定、控制及監(jian)督管理活動，適用本(ben)規定。

第四條 建設工程計(ji)價(jia)應(ying)當遵循合(he)法、公平(ping)、科學、誠信的原則。

第五條 北京市(shi)住(zhu)房(fang)和城鄉建(jian)(jian)設委(wei)員會(以(yi)下(xia)簡稱市(shi)住(zhu)房(fang)城鄉建(jian)(jian)設委(wei))負責(ze)其職責(ze)范圍內的建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)的監(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，具體工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)委(wei)托市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理機構負責(ze)。

第二章　工(gong)程計價依據的制定(ding)

第(di)六條 建設工程計價依據(ju)包括：

(一)投資估(gu)算指標(biao);

(二)概算指標、概算定額;

(三)工程量清(qing)單計價規(gui)范、預算定(ding)額、單位估價表、勞動定(ding)額;

(四)費用定額;

(五)工期定額;

(六)工(gong)程建設的(de)人工(gong)、材料(liao)、設備、施工(gong)機械臺班(ban)價格;

(七(qi))國家和本市制(zhi)定頒(ban)發的其他計價依據。

第(di)七條 本市建設工程(cheng)計價(jia)依(yi)據分為統一計價(jia)依(yi)據和一次(ci)性補充計價(jia)依(yi)據。

統一計價依(yi)據由市住(zhu)房城鄉建設(she)委根據國家(jia)的統一標準，結合本市實際情況組(zu)織編制，并施行。

一次性補充(chong)計價依據由(you)發(fa)包人組織編制并(bing)審核后，報市住房城鄉(xiang)建設(she)委備案。

第八條 建(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)實行動態管(guan)理(li)，市建(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)機(ji)構負責(ze)人工、材料(liao)、設備、施工機(ji)械臺班的市場價(jia)(jia)格信(xin)息、調整系數、技術經濟指標、典(dian)型工程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)分析、造(zao)價(jia)(jia)指數，引(yin)導(dao)調控(kong)建(jian)筑市場主(zhu)體合理(li)計價(jia)(jia)定價(jia)(jia)。

第(di)三章 工程(cheng)造價的(de)編制與(yu)管理

第九(jiu)條 建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計價(jia)(jia)活動包括：編制投(tou)資估算(suan)、設計概算(suan)、施工(gong)(gong)圖預算(suan)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)清單(dan)、招標(biao)控制價(jia)(jia)或工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)底、投(tou)標(biao)報價(jia)(jia)，確定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合同價(jia)(jia)，進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計量(liang)與價(jia)(jia)款支付，調整(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)價(jia)(jia)款，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)索(suo)賠(pei)，處理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)糾紛，進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)算(suan)、竣工(gong)(gong)決(jue)算(suan)等。

第十(shi)條 建設工(gong)程(cheng)造價應當由具(ju)備(bei)編制能力的單(dan)位或委托具(ju)有(you)相(xiang)應資(zi)質的造價咨詢(xun)企業編制。

復(fu)核和審查工(gong)程造價成果(guo)文件的(de)人(ren)員應當為注冊造價工(gong)程師。

工程造(zao)(zao)價的(de)(de)編(bian)制、審核單位和(he)(he)注冊造(zao)(zao)價工程師、造(zao)(zao)價員對其(qi)編(bian)制和(he)(he)審核的(de)(de)工程造(zao)(zao)價成果(guo)文件承擔相(xiang)應的(de)(de)法律責任。

造價(jia)咨詢(xun)企業(ye)應(ying)按照規(gui)定向住房(fang)和城鄉建(jian)設(she)部與(yu)市住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)設(she)委報(bao)送統計(ji)報(bao)表與(yu)經營業(ye)績等相(xiang)關(guan)資(zi)料。

第十(shi)一條 造(zao)(zao)價(jia)員應當(dang)在(zai)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)承(cheng)擔(dan)編制(zhi)(zhi)的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)業務(wu)文(wen)件(jian)上(shang)簽字并加蓋(gai)專用章(zhang)(zhang);注(zhu)冊造(zao)(zao)價(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師應當(dang)在(zai)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)負(fu)責編制(zhi)(zhi)、復核和審查(cha)的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)成果文(wen)件(jian)上(shang)簽字并加蓋(gai)執業印(yin)(yin)章(zhang)(zhang)，并由執行該造(zao)(zao)價(jia)成果文(wen)件(jian)任(ren)務(wu)的造(zao)(zao)價(jia)咨詢企業或(huo)有編制(zhi)(zhi)能力單(dan)位的法定代表人(ren)(ren)簽字，并加蓋(gai)單(dan)位公章(zhang)(zhang)和造(zao)(zao)價(jia)咨詢企業執業印(yin)(yin)章(zhang)(zhang)。

第十二條 建(jian)設工程造價(jia)應當(dang)根(gen)據工程不同(tong)階段的方案資料(liao)、設計(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)、計(ji)價(jia)依據、計(ji)價(jia)辦(ban)法及有關規定進行編(bian)制(zhi)。

(一)工程量(liang)清(qing)單應當(dang)根(gen)據(ju)招(zhao)標文件、設計圖紙、工程量(liang)清(qing)單計價(jia)規范及(ji)有關規定編(bian)制。

(二(er))招標控制價應(ying)當根據招標文件、設計(ji)(ji)圖紙(zhi)、工程(cheng)量清單(dan)計(ji)(ji)價規范、預算定(ding)額(e)、工程(cheng)造(zao)價信息、費用定(ding)額(e)、計(ji)(ji)價辦法(fa)及相關資(zi)料編制。

(三)投(tou)標報價(jia)應(ying)當根(gen)據招標文件、設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙(zhi)、工(gong)程量清單計(ji)(ji)價(jia)規范(fan)、施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)、計(ji)(ji)價(jia)辦法、本企業定(ding)額或參照市住房城鄉建設(she)委的(de)預算(suan)定(ding)額、市場價(jia)格及相關資料編制。

(四)施工(gong)圖(tu)預(yu)算應當根據施工(gong)圖(tu)紙、計價(jia)辦法、預(yu)算定額(e)、工(gong)程造價(jia)信息、費(fei)用定額(e)及(ji)相關(guan)資(zi)料(liao)編制(zhi)。

(五)建設工(gong)程竣工(gong)結算(suan)，應當以在市或區(qu)(縣)住房城鄉(xiang)建設委備案的(de)施工(gong)合(he)同為依據，以發承包(bao)雙(shuang)方簽(qian)訂的(de)合(he)同價為基礎(chu)，結合(he)合(he)同約定的(de)價款調整(zheng)范(fan)圍內容及調整(zheng)辦法進(jin)行(xing)編制。

第十三條 建(jian)筑市場各(ge)方主體依(yi)據本市統一(yi)計價(jia)依(yi)據和計價(jia)辦法進行工程(cheng)計價(jia)所(suo)使(shi)用的計價(jia)軟件，應當符合市住(zhu)房城鄉建(jian)設委(wei)制訂的標準格式要求。

 第十四條 總承(cheng)包服務費應當依據招標(biao)人在招標(biao)文件中列(lie)出(chu)(chu)的(de)分包專業(ye)工程內容，按(an)照(zhao)招標(biao)人提出(chu)(chu)的(de)協調、配合(he)與服務要求和施工現(xian)場管理(li)需要，在本(ben)市現(xian)行規定(ding)的(de)幅度(du)費率(lv)范圍(wei)內由投標(biao)人自主確(que)定(ding)。

工(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)結算時(shi)，總(zong)承包(bao)服(fu)務費(fei)應(ying)當(dang)按(an)照分(fen)包(bao)專業工(gong)程(cheng)結算造價(jia)(不含設備費(fei))及(ji)原(yuan)投標費(fei)率(lv)進行調整。

第十(shi)五(wu)條 編制招標(biao)控制價或工程標(biao)底、投標(biao)報價時，安全文明(ming)施(shi)工費(fei)(fei)應按照本市(shi)現行費(fei)(fei)率(lv)標(biao)準(zhun)計算，并(bing)單(dan)獨列出，不(bu)得作為競(jing)爭性費(fei)(fei)用。

第十(shi)六(liu)條(tiao) 規費是指依據政(zheng)府(fu)及有(you)關部門規定(ding)必(bi)須交(jiao)納的(de)費用，應按照國(guo)家和本市的(de)有(you)關規定(ding)計算，并足(zu)額上繳，不(bu)得(de)作為競爭性費用。

規費(fei)包(bao)括：住房公(gong)積金(jin)、基(ji)本醫療保(bao)(bao)險基(ji)金(jin)、基(ji)本養老保(bao)(bao)險費(fei)、失業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險基(ji)金(jin)、工傷保(bao)(bao)險基(ji)金(jin)、殘疾人就業(ye)保(bao)(bao)障金(jin)、生(sheng)育保(bao)(bao)險等。

在編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)招標控制(zhi)價或工程標底時，規(gui)費(fei)(fei)應按照現行有(you)關規(gui)定計算;在編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)投標報價時，規(gui)費(fei)(fei)應根據規(gui)定結合本(ben)企業上一年(nian)度繳(jiao)費(fei)(fei)情況確定。

農(nong)民(min)工(gong)工(gong)傷保險(xian)應按照現(xian)行規定(ding)計算，并在招(zhao)標控制價或工(gong)程(cheng)標底、投標報價中(zhong)單獨列(lie)出，開工(gong)前由發(fa)包人(ren)一次性撥付給總承包人(ren)，總承包人(ren)應按照有(you)關(guan)規定(ding)辦(ban)理農(nong)民(min)工(gong)工(gong)傷保險(xian)。

第十七條 全部使用國(guo)有(you)資(zi)金投(tou)(tou)資(zi)和國(guo)有(you)資(zi)金投(tou)(tou)資(zi)為主的建設工(gong)程，必須采用工(gong)程量清(qing)單計價，并編制(zhi)招(zhao)標(biao)控(kong)制(zhi)價。

一(yi)項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)只(zhi)設置一(yi)個招標控制(zhi)價或工(gong)程(cheng)標底(di)。招標人不得故意壓低(di)招標控制(zhi)價或工(gong)程(cheng)標底(di)。

招標控制(zhi)價(jia)應當在(zai)招標時(shi)公布，公布的(de)內容包(bao)括：單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)分部分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、措(cuo)施項目、其他(ta)項目、規(gui)(gui)費、稅(shui)金的(de)合(he)價(jia)。投(tou)標人對于招標控制(zhi)價(jia)未按(an)照《建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量清單計價(jia)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》規(gui)(gui)定編制(zhi)的(de)，應在(zai)開標前五天向(xiang)市或區(縣(xian))住房城鄉建設委投(tou)訴。

招(zhao)標人應當(dang)將招(zhao)標文件和(he)招(zhao)標控制價(jia)及其電(dian)子版一份(fen)報送市或區(縣)住房城鄉建(jian)設(she)委。

第(di)十(shi)八條 投標(biao)報(bao)價(jia)的(de)總(zong)價(jia)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)控制價(jia)的(de)總(zong)價(jia)(均不(bu)包括不(bu)可(ke)競(jing)爭(zheng)費用)：其中建筑和裝飾工(gong)(gong)程低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)6%，市政和軌道交通(tong)工(gong)(gong)程低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)8%，或評(ping)標(biao)委員會認(ren)為投標(biao)報(bao)價(jia)組(zu)成明顯不(bu)合理(li)的(de)，該投標(biao)人應就其報(bao)價(jia)的(de)合理(li)性做(zuo)出詳(xiang)細(xi)說明，評(ping)標(biao)委員會對該報(bao)價(jia)應進(jin)行詳(xiang)細(xi)分析及質詢(xun)。對高于(yu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)控制價(jia)的(de)報(bao)價(jia)，或過低(di)(di)(di)報(bao)價(jia)又不(bu)能說明其合理(li)性的(de)，招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)人有權(quan)拒絕其參與該工(gong)(gong)程的(de)投標(biao)，以避免因低(di)(di)(di)價(jia)中標(biao)后可(ke)能帶來的(de)重大(da)履約風險。

第四章 工(gong)程(cheng)價(jia)款的確(que)定與結算

第十九條 工(gong)(gong)程發承包雙方應當(dang)根(gen)據擬建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程的規(gui)模、工(gong)(gong)期要求、圖紙設計(ji)深度及有關規(gui)定，正確選擇合同(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)方式(shi)。施工(gong)(gong)合同(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)期在一年以(yi)內，并已(yi)經通過(guo)施工(gong)(gong)圖設計(ji)文件審(shen)查的工(gong)(gong)程，可采用總價(jia)(jia)合同(tong)(tong)方式(shi)，其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)程應當(dang)采用單(dan)價(jia)(jia)合同(tong)(tong)方式(shi)。

發承(cheng)包雙方應當(dang)依照招(zhao)標(biao)文件、中(zhong)標(biao)人(ren)的(de)投標(biao)文件和中(zhong)標(biao)通(tong)知(zhi)書訂(ding)(ding)立施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同，并于訂(ding)(ding)立之日起7天之內(nei)到市或區(縣)住房(fang)城鄉(xiang)建設委備(bei)案(an)，雙方不(bu)得另行簽(qian)訂(ding)(ding)背離備(bei)案(an)合(he)同實質(zhi)性內(nei)容(rong)的(de)合(he)同、協(xie)議或補充(chong)協(xie)議。

第二十條 發承包(bao)雙(shuang)方(fang)應(ying)當按照國(guo)家和本市的規定，在施工(gong)合同中(zhong)明(ming)確約定工(gong)程預付(fu)款和進度款的支(zhi)付(fu)標準、支(zhi)付(fu)方(fang)式及時限、抵扣方(fang)式。

第二(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao) 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)同應(ying)(ying)明(ming)(ming)確約(yue)定(ding)安全文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)費(fei)的(de)(de)總費(fei)用(yong)，以(yi)及該費(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)付時間、使(shi)用(yong)要求、調整方(fang)式(shi)等，合(he)同對(dui)預(支(zhi)(zhi))付計劃未(wei)作(zuo)約(yue)定(ding)或約(yue)定(ding)不明(ming)(ming)確的(de)(de)，安全文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)費(fei)的(de)(de)預(支(zhi)(zhi))付按以(yi)下方(fang)式(shi)辦理：合(he)同工(gong)(gong)期在(zai)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)以(yi)內(nei)的(de)(de)，該項費(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)預付應(ying)(ying)不低于其(qi)總額的(de)(de)50%，合(he)同工(gong)(gong)期在(zai)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(含一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian))，該項費(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)預付應(ying)(ying)不低于其(qi)總額的(de)(de)30%，其(qi)余費(fei)用(yong)應(ying)(ying)當按照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度支(zhi)(zhi)付。

承包(bao)人應在(zai)財務管(guan)理中(zhong)單獨列(lie)出安全文明施工費，并(bing)專(zhuan)款專(zhuan)用。

第二(er)十二(er)條(tiao) 發承包雙方應當(dang)在(zai)(zai)施工合同中明(ming)確約定主(zhu)要材料、人(ren)工及機械價格變化的(de)風(feng)險范(fan)圍(wei)及幅度，以及超(chao)出(chu)約定風(feng)險范(fan)圍(wei)及幅度的(de)調整辦法。價格風(feng)險幅度應在(zai)(zai)3%至6%區間內考(kao)慮。

第二十三條 發承包(bao)雙(shuang)方應嚴格執行本市的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)定額(e)(e)，當發包(bao)人要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)小于(yu)定額(e)(e)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)，應按照本市的(de)(de)(de)有關規定計算壓縮(suo)(suo)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)增加費(fei)和搶(qiang)工(gong)(gong)措施費(fei)。但壓縮(suo)(suo)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)數超(chao)過(guo)定額(e)(e)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)30%的(de)(de)(de)，視為發包(bao)人任意壓縮(suo)(suo)合理(li)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)，按照《建設工(gong)(gong)程質量管理(li)條例》的(de)(de)(de)有關規定進行處理(li)。

第二十(shi)四條(tiao) 承包人(ren)應(ying)當按(an)照合同(tong)約定期(qi)限(xian)，向發(fa)包人(ren)提交已完工程量報(bao)告，發(fa)包人(ren)應(ying)自接到工程計量報(bao)告的14天之(zhi)內核(he)實完畢(bi)。

第二十五(wu)條 承包(bao)人根據雙方確定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程計量結(jie)果，向發包(bao)人提出支付(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度(du)款(kuan)(kuan)申請，發包(bao)人應自接到(dao)申請之日起的(de)14天之內，按(an)照(zhao)合(he)同(tong)約定(ding)向承包(bao)人支付(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度(du)款(kuan)(kuan)和扣回工(gong)(gong)程預付(fu)(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)，若發包(bao)人未(wei)按(an)照(zhao)合(he)同(tong)約定(ding)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度(du)款(kuan)(kuan)，應當與承包(bao)人協商簽訂(ding)延(yan)期(qi)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)協議，并辦理(li)具有強制執行效力的(de)公證(zheng)文書，未(wei)簽訂(ding)延(yan)期(qi)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)協議的(de)，承包(bao)人可按(an)照(zhao)銀行同(tong)期(qi)貸款(kuan)(kuan)利率計算延(yan)期(qi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)利息，發包(bao)人應當承擔相應的(de)違約責任(ren)。

第二十六條 施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)(tong)履行過程中(zhong)發生的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程變更(geng)及(ji)合同(tong)(tong)約定允許調整的(de)內容涉及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程價(jia)款調整的(de)，發、承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人應(ying)如實記錄并即時簽(qian)字(zi)確認，以發、承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人的(de)法定代(dai)表人或其授權人員簽(qian)字(zi)確認的(de)書面(mian)資(zi)料為依據調整工(gong)(gong)(gong)程價(jia)款，與工(gong)(gong)(gong)程進度款同(tong)(tong)期(qi)支付。

第二十七(qi)條 因分部分項工程量清(qing)單漏項或非承包(bao)人原因的工程變更(geng)(geng)，引起措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)發生變化，造成施(shi)(shi)(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)或施(shi)(shi)(shi)工方(fang)案變更(geng)(geng)，原措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)費中已有的措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)，按原措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)費的組價方(fang)法調(diao)整;原措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)費中沒(mei)有的措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)項目(mu)，由承包(bao)人提(ti)出適當(dang)的措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)費變更(geng)(geng)，經發包(bao)人確認后調(diao)整。

第二十八條 承包人應(ying)當按(an)照合(he)同(tong)約(yue)定(ding)期限向發包人提交竣工結算文(wen)件，合(he)同(tong)沒有約(yue)定(ding)的，其(qi)期限為(wei)工程竣工驗收合(he)格之日起的28天內。

發包人(ren)收(shou)到承包人(ren)提交的竣工結算(suan)文件時，應當書面簽(qian)收(shou)。

完整的竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)結算文(wen)(wen)件(jian)包括：竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)結算報告書、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同、補充(chong)協議、招標(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)、投標(biao)報價、中標(biao)通知(zhi)書、設計施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖、竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖、圖紙會審紀要(yao)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計、洽商變更、涉及工(gong)(gong)(gong)程價款的簽證資料(liao)等。

第二十九條 發包人對單項工程(cheng)的(de)竣(jun)工結算原則上只審(shen)核(he)一次(ci)，不得(de)以審(shen)計為由進行(xing)重復審(shen)核(he)及拖延工程(cheng)價款支付。單項工程(cheng)審(shen)核(he)時(shi)限應當在(zai)合同中約定(ding)，若合同沒有約定(ding)或約定(ding)不明確的(de)，執行(xing)《建設工程(cheng)價款結算暫(zan)行(xing)辦法(fa)》的(de)相關規定(ding)。

建設(she)項目竣(jun)(jun)工(gong)總(zong)結(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核應(ying)當在最后一個(ge)單項工(gong)程竣(jun)(jun)工(gong)結(jie)算(suan)審(shen)核確認(ren)后的28天之(zhi)內完成。

政(zheng)府投資工程(cheng)的(de)竣工決算審計按照國家(jia)有關法律法規的(de)規定執行。

第三十條(tiao) 工程竣工結(jie)算(suan)文件經發承包雙方簽字蓋章，即應當作為支(zhi)付工程竣工結(jie)算(suan)價(jia)款(kuan)及辦理(li)竣工決(jue)算(suan)的依(yi)據。除(chu)法(fa)律法(fa)規和(he)國家另有規定外(wai)，任何單位都不得對經發承包雙方簽字蓋章生效的工程竣工結(jie)算(suan)再(zai)進行審(shen)核。

第(di)三十一條 國(guo)有資金投資和國(guo)有資金投資為主的(de)建設工(gong)程(cheng)，發包(bao)人應(ying)當在辦完竣(jun)工(gong)結算(suan)后的(de)28天之內(nei)，將竣(jun)工(gong)結算(suan)報(bao)(bao)告書及(ji)電子版(ban)一份報(bao)(bao)市建設工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)管理機構備案。

第三十(shi)二條 對(dui)已經辦完竣(jun)工(gong)結(jie)算(suan)的(de)工(gong)程，發包人(ren)應當按照合(he)同(tong)的(de)約(yue)定期(qi)限支付全部竣(jun)工(gong)結(jie)算(suan)價款(kuan)。若(ruo)合(he)同(tong)沒(mei)約(yue)定或約(yue)定不(bu)明(ming)確的(de)，其支付期(qi)限為(wei)辦完竣(jun)工(gong)結(jie)算(suan)之日起(qi)的(de)28天之內。

第三(san)十三(san)條 發承包雙方發生的經濟糾紛可先行協商(shang);若雙方協商(shang)不成，可委托調解;當事人也可以按照合(he)同的約(yue)定(ding)直接申請仲裁或(huo)向人民法院提起訴訟。

第三(san)十四條 工(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收合(he)格(ge)后(hou)，發(fa)承(cheng)包(bao)雙(shuang)方應(ying)當簽訂(ding)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)修(xiu)書(shu)(shu)，按照工(gong)(gong)程結(jie)算(suan)價(不(bu)(bu)含設備費)及(ji)有關規定協商預留質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證金的比(bi)例并在保(bao)修(xiu)書(shu)(shu)中約定，發(fa)包(bao)人(ren)可按照保(bao)修(xiu)書(shu)(shu)的約定分次結(jie)算(suan)并返還(huan)(huan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證金，當承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)履行完工(gong)(gong)程缺陷責任(ren)(ren)期(qi)內的保(bao)修(xiu)義務，并辦理(li)了(le)缺陷責任(ren)(ren)期(qi)終(zhong)止手續(xu)，發(fa)包(bao)人(ren)應(ying)當于14天(tian)之內向承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)返還(huan)(huan)剩余的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證金。發(fa)包(bao)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)得拖欠和(he)克扣(kou)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證金。

第三十(shi)五條 勞務作業發包(bao)人在(zai)取得工程進度款(kuan)和竣工結(jie)算價款(kuan)中，應當優先支付勞務分包(bao)價款(kuan)，勞務作業承包(bao)人在(zai)取得勞務分包(bao)價款(kuan)后，應當優先支付農(nong)民工工資。

第五章 監督管理

第三十六條 市住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)設委依據現行(xing)(xing)法律、法規(gui)、規(gui)章、規(gui)范(fan)(fan)性(xing)文件、標準、規(gui)范(fan)(fan)、計(ji)價(jia)辦法的(de)有關規(gui)定(ding)，監督檢查建(jian)筑市場(chang)主體(ti)的(de)工程造價(jia)計(ji)價(jia)行(xing)(xing)為。

第三十七條 造價監(jian)督檢(jian)查(cha)采取定期(qi)抽查(cha)和集中檢(jian)查(cha)，專項(xiang)(xiang)檢(jian)查(cha)和綜合檢(jian)查(cha)相結合等(deng)方式，對同一工程項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)發包人、承包人、造價咨詢企業分別進行檢(jian)查(cha)。

被檢(jian)查(cha)單位和(he)(he)個人應當給予配(pei)合，并按(an)照要求(qiu)提供相關證照和(he)(he)資料，對(dui)檢(jian)查(cha)涉及的有關問題做出(chu)說明和(he)(he)解(jie)釋(shi)。

第三十八條 工程造價監督檢查內容主(zhu)要包括：

(一(yi))咨詢企業(ye)資質證書、咨詢合同;

(二)發(fa)包人(ren)、承包人(ren)、咨詢企業(ye)的造價專業(ye)人(ren)員資(zi)格證書;

(三)工(gong)程造價計(ji)價行為情(qing)況;

1.《建(jian)設工程工程量(liang)清(qing)單計價規(gui)范》強制性條(tiao)款的執行情況;

2.現行(xing)(xing)計(ji)價依據、計(ji)價辦(ban)法的執行(xing)(xing)情況;

3.招標(biao)控(kong)制價或(huo)工程標(biao)底的各項取費費率的執行(xing)情(qing)況;

4.工程建設的主要材(cai)料、人(ren)工及(ji)機械等(deng)風險范圍及(ji)幅度的約定情況;

5.安全(quan)文明施工費相關規定(ding)的(de)執行情況;

6.規(gui)費相(xiang)關規(gui)定的(de)執行情(qing)況;

7.壓(ya)縮工期增加費和搶工措施費的計取情(qing)況;

8.工程預付款、進度款、質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)金標準的約定情況;

9.工(gong)程量、工(gong)程款的計(ji)算、申報(bao)、審核、支付是否違反合同的約定和有關規(gui)定;

(四(si))其(qi)他(ta)應當檢查的內容(rong)。

第三十九條 發包人、承包人有(you)下列(lie)行為之(zhi)一(yi)的，視情節輕重(zhong)，進(jin)行約談，責(ze)令改正，依法進(jin)行處罰處理(li)，作為不良行為在(zai)市建筑市場公(gong)開(kai)信息(xi)平臺上(shang)公(gong)示。

(一)委托無(wu)相應(ying)資(zi)質單位或相應(ying)資(zi)格人員(yuan)編制、審核工程造價成果(guo)文件的(de);

(二)未按照現(xian)行(xing)法(fa)律(lv)、法(fa)規(gui)、規(gui)章、規(gui)范性文(wen)件、計價(jia)(jia)辦法(fa)的(de)有(you)關規(gui)定(ding)計價(jia)(jia)的(de);

(三(san))未按照規定計算壓縮(suo)工期(qi)增加費和搶工措施費的(de);或壓縮(suo)的(de)工期(qi)天數超過定額工期(qi)30%的(de);

(四)違反《建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)量清單計價(jia)規范》強制性(xing)條款規定，故意壓低招(zhao)標控制價(jia)或工(gong)程(cheng)標底(di)的;

(五)工程(cheng)建設的人工、材料、設備(bei)、機械等價(jia)(jia)格未按照市場價(jia)(jia)格調整的，或施工合同(tong)未約定(ding)價(jia)(jia)格風(feng)險范圍及幅(fu)度的;

(六)未按照(zhao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)計算(suan)、使(shi)用、管理安全文明施工費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de);或未按照(zhao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)計算(suan)和上繳規(gui)(gui)費(fei)(fei)與農民(min)工工傷(shang)保險的(de)(de);

(七)未按照本規定即時簽字確認涉及調整工程價款的變更洽商的;

(八)未按照本規(gui)定調(diao)整措施費的;

(九)未按照(zhao)合同(tong)約(yue)定和有關規定辦理工程價款結算、支付的;

(十(shi))未按照本規定及合同的約定返還(huan)剩余質量保證金(jin)的;

(十一)勞務作業發、承(cheng)包人違反本(ben)規(gui)定第三十五條規(gui)定的;

(十二)未(wei)按照(zhao)本(ben)規定辦理招標控制價、竣(jun)工結算報告(gao)書備案的;

(十三(san))使用的工(gong)程(cheng)計價軟(ruan)件違反本規定第(di)十三(san)條(tiao)規定的;

(十四(si))未(wei)按照造價咨(zi)詢合同約(yue)定支付造價咨(zi)詢費用的;

(十五)發包人(ren)或(huo)承包人(ren)不配合(he)監督檢查的;

(十六)其他違(wei)反相(xiang)關規定行為的。

第四十條 造價咨詢企業有(you)下列行(xing)為之一的，視情節輕重，進(jin)行(xing)約談(tan)，責令改(gai)正，依(yi)法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)處罰處理(li)，依(yi)照有(you)關規定給(gei)予記分及積(ji)分處理(li)。

(一)未按照現行法律、法規、規章、規范性(xing)文件、計(ji)價辦(ban)法的(de)有關規定計(ji)價的(de);

(二)承接工程造(zao)價編(bian)制、審(shen)核任務的咨(zi)詢企業資(zi)質及人員資(zi)格不符合(he)本規定(ding)第(di)十(shi)條相(xiang)應規定(ding)的;

(三(san))未按照有關規定(ding)報(bao)送統計報(bao)表與(yu)經營業績(ji)等(deng)相關資料的;

(四)因(yin)造(zao)(zao)價咨詢企業(ye)原(yuan)因(yin)未按照造(zao)(zao)價咨詢合(he)同約定期限(xian)完成造(zao)(zao)價咨詢業(ye)務的;

(五)使(shi)用(yong)的工程計價軟件違反本規定第(di)十三(san)條規定的;

(六)在協助解決工程造價糾紛的鑒證咨詢(xun)業務中接受(shou)當(dang)事人請托的;

(七)其他違反相關規定行為的(de)。

第四十一條 注冊造(zao)價工程師(shi)、造(zao)價員有下(xia)列(lie)行(xing)為之(zhi)一的，視情節輕重，進行(xing)約談，責(ze)令改正，依(yi)法進行(xing)處罰處理，依(yi)照有關規定(ding)給予(yu)記分及(ji)積分處理。

(一)未按照現行法(fa)律、法(fa)規、規章、規范(fan)性文件、計(ji)價辦法(fa)的(de)有關(guan)規定(ding)計(ji)價的(de);

(二)違(wei)反本規定(ding)第(di)十條(tiao)相應規定(ding)的;

(三)在造價(jia)咨詢(xun)活動(dong)中有(you)欺詐、偽造、作假(jia)行(xing)為的;

(四)散(san)布謠言(yan)詆毀同(tong)行并(bing)造成(cheng)一定影響;或采(cai)取不(bu)正當手段損害、侵犯同(tong)行權(quan)益的;

(五)泄(xie)漏從(cong)(cong)業單(dan)位(wei)技術和商業秘密(mi)，對從(cong)(cong)業單(dan)位(wei)造成一定影(ying)響的;

(六)其(qi)他違反相(xiang)關(guan)規定行為的(de)。

第四十二條(tiao) 國家機關工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)在(zai)建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程造價活動的(de)監督管理工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)玩忽職(zhi)(zhi)守、濫用職(zhi)(zhi)權、徇私舞弊的(de)，根據情節輕重，依(yi)照現行法律(lv)法規(gui)的(de)有(you)關規(gui)定給予(yu)相應(ying)處(chu)理。

第六章　附則