導語：如何才能(neng)寫好一篇(pian)新農村建(jian)設的(de)(de)要求標準，這就需(xu)要搜集整(zheng)理(li)更多的(de)(de)資(zi)料和(he)文獻，歡迎閱讀由(you)公(gong)務員之家整(zheng)理(li)的(de)(de)十(shi)篇(pian)范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞：新農村建設；存在問題；建筑設計；解決分析

中圖分(fen)類號： TU98 文獻標(biao)識碼： A

新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)腳步不(bu)斷的(de)加(jia)快，就(jiu)(jiu)促(cu)使農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)宅(zhai)居地面積縮小，主要(yao)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為了切實的(de)保(bao)護農(nong)(nong)業(ye)，保(bao)護耕地，畢竟農(nong)(nong)業(ye)才(cai)能夠(gou)保(bao)障我國的(de)國民(min)經(jing)濟發展(zhan)有序，而(er)且新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設是(shi)(shi)將農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)原有的(de)居住環境(jing)和條件進(jin)行全面的(de)改(gai)良(liang)，但是(shi)(shi)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設問題還是(shi)(shi)層出不(bu)窮，最主要(yao)的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)體現在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)設計上(shang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)不(bu)滿意，造成新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)不(bu)科學(xue)性(xing)。以下(xia)我們就(jiu)(jiu)以分(fen)析新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設中存在問題的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)和主要(yao)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)法進(jin)行分(fen)析，從而(er)肯(ken)定就(jiu)(jiu)進(jin)一步的(de)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設計要(yao)掌(zhang)握的(de)原則，切實推進(jin)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設。

一、分析新(xin)農村建(jian)設中存在(zai)問題和解(jie)決建(jian)筑(zhu)設計的重要性

1.是對全面貫徹新農村建設的基本要求

一個(ge)國家(jia)要(yao)進(jin)步和發展(zhan)，經(jing)(jing)濟和文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)程度(du)必須(xu)是一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)，我國地大(da)物博(bo)，新農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設是對農(nong)村地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)改(gai)造，從住房問題和建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃上，就將農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)后(hou)、貧窮面(mian)貌進(jin)行了(le)全(quan)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破更(geng)新，而且我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)國策提出建(jian)設社會主義新農(nong)村，就是為了(le)將更(geng)多(duo)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學技術(shu)、醫療衛生條件，更(geng)大(da)程度(du)上推進(jin)對農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)普及，改(gai)善農(nong)村曾(ceng)經(jing)(jing)面(mian)朝黃(huang)土背朝天的(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)后(hou)現(xian)象。

新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)首(shou)先就(jiu)表現在對(dui)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)住(zhu)宅(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計上，而(er)且新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)宅(zhai)一定要符合(he)農(nong)(nong)民對(dui)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)活基(ji)本條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，才(cai)能(neng)夠(gou)全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)推(tui)(tui)廣。所以(yi)盡管新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)在當前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)廣發展較慢，但(dan)是只要能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)宅(zhai)基(ji)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)房(fang)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計整體(ti)質量予以(yi)重視，加(jia)大技術(shu)投入就(jiu)能(neng)將(jiang)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)不斷落實和推(tui)(tui)進，同時解決住(zhu)房(fang)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計問(wen)題才(cai)能(neng)夠(gou)建(jian)立起適宜(yi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型住(zhu)宅(zhai)，才(cai)能(neng)夠(gou)從真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義上達(da)到(dao)對(dui)于(yu)國家建(jian)設(she)(she)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。

2.促進新農村(cun)建設(she)過(guo)程中建筑設(she)計更加(jia)的(de)人性化(hua)

新(xin)農村的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)就(jiu)是(shi)為(wei)了節約(yue)(yue)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)用地(di)，保護耕地(di)，所以農村的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)計就(jiu)成為(wei)了單(dan)元(yuan)房(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)層(ceng)疊加，這(zhe)不(bu)符(fu)合(he)農村的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)習(xi)慣，農民對自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)想住宅(zhai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)要(yao)求就(jiu)是(shi)有屋(wu)有院，扛幾把(ba)鋤頭回來能夠看見自(zi)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)炊煙升(sheng)起，日出(chu)而(er)作日落而(er)息。但是(shi)新(xin)農村的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)將這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)想畫面全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)打破(po)了，層(ceng)層(ceng)設(she)(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)元(yuan)房(fang)格式，是(shi)農民的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)苦(ku)不(bu)堪言(yan)，進進出(chu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)泥(ni)土，整個生活(huo)住宅(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量也不(bu)可能上(shang)升(sheng)，因(yin)此(ci)在建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)新(xin)農村的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)過程(cheng)中設(she)(she)(she)計一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)科學，還要(yao)切實的(de)(de)(de)(de)尊重(zhong)當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)習(xi)慣和民俗傳統，在節約(yue)(yue)耕地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)開展設(she)(she)(she)計和規(gui)劃。

因此新農村的建設只要能夠從建筑設計中實現尊重人的標準，那(nei)么農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)舊面貌就(jiu)會全面的(de)(de)(de)被更改(gai)，而(er)且(qie)實際(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)地區更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)希望自(zi)己能(neng)夠(gou)居住(zhu)高樓洋(yang)房內，只(zhi)要設(she)(she)計(ji)能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)生活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)細節(jie)要求和(he)住(zhu)宅條件進(jin)行(xing)規劃(hua)和(he)布局，就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)地區的(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)宅建(jian)設(she)(she)全面的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)進(jin)改(gai)變。再加(jia)上(shang)當代科(ke)學(xue)技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)進(jin)步，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)地區的(de)(de)(de)新建(jian)設(she)(she)還要參考節(jie)能(neng)技術進(jin)行(xing)推(tui)廣，從而(er)在(zai)建(jian)筑結構(gou)上(shang)提供安全，在(zai)生活(huo)設(she)(she)備上(shang)保證節(jie)約能(neng)源，新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)就(jiu)會更加(jia)有力的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)進(jin)，所以(yi)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)意義才有保證，在(zai)進(jin)一步的(de)(de)(de)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)住(zhu)房設(she)(she)計(ji)中就(jiu)會將(jiang)人(ren)性化的(de)(de)(de)標準推(tui)展開來(lai)。

二(er)、新農村(cun)建設(she)中存在問(wen)題和解決建筑(zhu)設(she)計的實踐方法

1.立足現(xian)實(shi)進行(xing)調查(cha)

農(nong)(nong)村地區以其獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式和(he)風俗習慣(guan)，延續我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)明和(he)發展，但是(shi)農(nong)(nong)村地區由于長久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經濟發展，和(he)現(xian)實社會(hui)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化發展要求脫節(jie)甚遠(yuan)，很多農(nong)(nong)村地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟較為落后，而(er)且(qie)農(nong)(nong)民整體素質參(can)差(cha)不齊，對于新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義也(ye)不理解，更不用(yong)說(shuo)認同(tong)了。所以新農(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)就(jiu)是(shi)要立足當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟發展和(he)農(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統要求、生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)習慣(guan)進(jin)行(xing)調查將農(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)宅要求和(he)對未來生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求進(jin)行(xing)追蹤，從而(er)找(zhao)到最適合農(nong)(nong)民理想(xiang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計理念，再加上(shang)農(nong)(nong)村地區大多數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群(qun)眾是(shi)比較認同(tong)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其對現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識也(ye)有初(chu)步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)，所以新農(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)就(jiu)是(shi)將現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化建(jian)設(she)(she)推進(jin)廣大農(nong)(nong)村地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一步(bu)(bu)，在住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)上(shang)實現(xian)了現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計和(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)，就(jiu)能夠實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)民對于洋(yang)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求，因(yin)此(ci)新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題就(jiu)回(hui)迎刃而(er)解，建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計也(ye)能夠有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐。

2.實施(shi)資金補助推進新農村住房建設

大多(duo)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民都有戀舊情節，對(dui)于老(lao)宅(zhai)(zhai)感情深厚，更(geng)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)中往往把(ba)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)小院(yuan)要(yao)求(qiu)忽略掉(diao)，從而新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)廣(guang)和建設(she)(she)(she)被(bei)一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)上進行(xing)了制約，宅(zhai)(zhai)院(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)像是村(cun)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)感情寄(ji)托，我國(guo)從古(gu)至今(jin)就(jiu)(jiu)有對(dui)宅(zhai)(zhai)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)和建設(she)(she)(she)，所以從感情和現(xian)實(shi)(shi)中都對(dui)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)提出新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難題，要(yao)全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)進新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)房建設(she)(she)(she)就(jiu)(jiu)是要(yao)把(ba)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題面對(dui)，將(jiang)要(yao)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)宅(zhai)(zhai)基地(di)借助評估部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)評估措施(shi)，對(dui)于將(jiang)要(yao)拆(chai)除的(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)宅(zhai)(zhai)子給予經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)補助，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收益從而加(jia)快(kuai)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)伐。

新農(nong)村(cun)的(de)推(tui)廣雖然(ran)時(shi)間較短，但是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)會是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)未來(lai)農(nong)村(cun)改革發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)施方(fang)式，節約(yue)建筑(zhu)用地是(shi)(shi)對我國(guo)(guo)人口眾多的(de)實(shi)際分析(xi)，耕地保護好才有經濟的(de)有效循(xun)環發(fa)展(zhan)，并且農(nong)村(cun)地區(qu)將(jiang)會是(shi)(shi)未來(lai)我國(guo)(guo)工業經濟集中(zhong)開展(zhan)的(de)根據(ju)地，為了將(jiang)來(lai)的(de)社會整體發(fa)展(zhan)水平和質量，農(nong)村(cun)地區(qu)的(de)基(ji)本面貌(mao)一定要(yao)(yao)全面符合現代化的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，首要(yao)(yao)體現在住宅條件上。因(yin)此(ci)實(shi)施農(nong)村(cun)舊宅基(ji)地的(de)拆遷補助(zhu)是(shi)(shi)最有效能(neng)推(tui)進新農(nong)村(cun)建設的(de)手段。

3.實施宅居地的科學規劃

農(nong)村(cun)地(di)區的(de)(de)住(zhu)宅(zhai)要求就是(shi)將農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)住(zhu)行全(quan)面的(de)(de)解決(jue)，在住(zhu)宅(zhai)設(she)計上除(chu)了要設(she)計空(kong)間寬松的(de)(de)住(zhu)宅(zhai)面積，更重要的(de)(de)還有對于農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)出行方便的(de)(de)設(she)計，建(jian)(jian)立地(di)下(xia)停車場或(huo)者底層車庫，建(jian)(jian)議擴展地(di)下(xia)空(kong)間建(jian)(jian)筑。所以建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)設(she)計不能再是(shi)一味的(de)(de)高層疊壓，而是(shi)講(jiang)究(jiu)實際(ji)的(de)(de)結合當地(di)村(cun)況進行落(luo)實設(she)計。

要使設計(ji)科學合理(li)就必須進行實地(di)的勘探和考察(cha)，將(jiang)當地(di)的土質、地(di)理(li)情況全(quan)面的綜合分析，再進一步的實施(shi)建筑的設計(ji)，從而在進一步的新農村建設中找到可(ke)以(yi)被支(zhi)持的依據。

結語：

新(xin)農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)存在的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題就是(shi)農(nong)民對屋(wu)院的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，但(dan)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)計可以從室內空(kong)間(jian)距離(li)上滿足村民的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，在加上農(nong)村地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟文(wen)化也在飛快地(di)發展(zhan)，相信新(xin)農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)只要(yao)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠將建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)計工作按照村民的(de)(de)(de)實際要(yao)求開展(zhan)，即使是(shi)高層建(jian)(jian)筑，也能(neng)(neng)夠推進新(xin)農(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和落實。

參考文獻：

 [1]彭必榮,郭波(bo). 社會主(zhu)義新農村(cun)建設中(zhong)的(de)住(zhu)宅設計淺析(xi)[J]. 中(zhong)華民居(下旬刊),2013（09）

篇2

關鍵(jian)詞 新(xin)農村 建(jian)設 土(tu)地管理

中圖分類號：F321.4 文獻標(biao)識(shi)碼：A

0前言

社(she)會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設(she)不僅是戰略(lve)(lve)任(ren)務更(geng)是實現中(zhong)國現代化建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要基礎。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)六屆五中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)作出建設(she)社(she)會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)決定，是貫徹(che)落(luo)實科學(xue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀，統(tong)籌(chou)城鄉經濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大戰略(lve)(lve)決策，是深得人(ren)心，順乎民(min)意的(de)(de)(de)一項德政工(gong)程(cheng)。這(zhe)次會(hui)議從建設(she)中(zhong)國特(te)色社(she)會(hui)主義現代化的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)局(ju)出發(fa)(fa)(fa)，明確把解決“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)”問題作為(wei)全(quan)黨(dang)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong)，提出了(le)建設(she)社(she)會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大戰略(lve)(lve)任(ren)務，堅(jian)持科學(xue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀，統(tong)籌(chou)城鄉發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，建設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村和諧社(she)會(hui)，全(quan)面實現小康社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)“生產發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、生活寬裕(yu)、鄉風文明、村容整(zheng)潔、管理民(min)主”的(de)(de)(de)目標。作為(wei)國土(tu)資源(yuan)管理部門(men)，很多工(gong)作與之緊密相連，息息相關。這(zhe)就要求國土(tu)資源(yuan)部門(men)努力提高(gao)管理水平，維護農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)切身利益，從搞好農(nong)(nong)(nong)村用地(di)(di)(di)規劃管理，保(bao)護耕地(di)(di)(di)，積極推進土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)管理、征(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)足(zu)額補償等(deng)方面，切實將工(gong)作做到實處，從而促進社(she)會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設(she)。

1建設新農村的思路

建(jian)(jian)設新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村，必須認真貫(guan)徹(che)黨(dang)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)一系列方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)政策(ce)，堅持多(duo)予、少取(qu)、放活(huo)和(he)城(cheng)市支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)。以發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟，增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收入(ru)為核心，開展先進(jin)生(sheng)產進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)，幸福(fu)生(sheng)活(huo)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)，文明新(xin)風進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)，美化整潔進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)，和(he)諧民(min)主進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)“五進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)”實(shi)踐活(huo)動，在(zai)(zai)促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業產業化、改(gai)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村基礎(chu)設施、促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村和(he)諧穩(wen)定上求突破(po)，促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟、政治、文化和(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)協(xie)調發展。而土地(di)(di)(di)管理就是要根據新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設既定的(de)(de)發展目標，著實(shi)解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活(huo)中最迫切的(de)(de)耕地(di)(di)(di)保護和(he)節約集約用地(di)(di)(di)問題，切實(shi)保障國家(jia)(jia)和(he)糧(liang)食安全(quan)，按(an)照土地(di)(di)(di)利用總體規劃(hua)依法提供(gong)用地(di)(di)(di)，把好土地(di)(di)(di)審批關，指導土地(di)(di)(di)整理工作，使新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設帶給農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)實(shi)惠，受到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)擁護，扎(zha)實(shi)穩(wen)步(bu)的(de)(de)推(tui)進(jin)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設。

2新農村建設的土地管理措施

社會主義新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，并(bing)非(fei)一(yi)朝一(yi)夕的(de)(de)事，是我(wo)國(guo)發展進程(cheng)中的(de)(de)一(yi)項戰略(lve)安排，是一(yi)項重大而又艱巨的(de)(de)歷史任務。在推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中我(wo)們(men)要大膽實踐、勇于(yu)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)。國(guo)土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)理(li)(li)部門作(zuo)為新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要職能部門，要加強(qiang)國(guo)土(tu)資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)理(li)(li)，在用地(di)(di)保(bao)障(zhang)、土(tu)地(di)(di)規劃、資(zi)(zi)金配套等方面積(ji)極出謀(mou)劃策(ce)，努(nu)力(li)推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，堅持(chi)依法管(guan)理(li)(li)、貫徹節約資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)基(ji)本國(guo)策(ce)和嚴(yan)格(ge)保(bao)護、合理(li)(li)利用資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)方針(zhen)，落(luo)實嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)制度，整頓(dun)土(tu)地(di)(di)市(shi)場秩序(xu)，大力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)社會主義新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。

2.1科學(xue)編制土地利(li)用總(zong)體規劃，用規劃指(zhi)導(dao)新農(nong)村(cun)建設(she)用地

新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)以村(cun)鎮建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)整體規劃(hua)、土地(di)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)總體規劃(hua)為(wei)依據，以現代鄉(xiang)村(cun)理念科(ke)學(xue)規劃(hua)、合理布局，科(ke)學(xue)合理地(di)確定土地(di)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戰略目標，做好新(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪(lun)土地(di)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)總體規劃(hua)是(shi)我(wo)縣可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，健康協調發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)。通(tong)過新(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪(lun)土地(di)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)總體規劃(hua)修編，進一步擴大建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)地(di)比例，擴大中(zhong)心鎮建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)地(di)規模，實(shi)事求(qiu)是(shi)地(di)確定耕地(di)保有量、基本農(nong)(nong)田(tian)保護(hu)區面積(ji)等，使(shi)規劃(hua)適應發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的需要(yao)(yao)。特別是(shi)要(yao)(yao)處(chu)理好社會主義新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的用(yong)(yong)地(di)需要(yao)(yao)，認真(zhen)做好規劃(hua)，為(wei)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社會主義新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)留足(zu)用(yong)(yong)地(di)空間，從而(er)使(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居住(zhu)和產業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)(yong)地(di)得到(dao)保障，并引導農(nong)(nong)村(cun)和農(nong)(nong)民節約(yue)集約(yue)用(yong)(yong)地(di)，達(da)到(dao)改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)業生產條件，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施和農(nong)(nong)民生活居住(zhu)條件的目的。

2.2積極推進農(nong)村宅基地復墾，推動新農(nong)村建設

建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)，主體(ti)(ti)是農(nong)(nong)民，戰場在(zai)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)，要千方百計(ji)調動農(nong)(nong)民的(de)積極(ji)性。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)宅(zhai)基地復(fu)墾(ken)是推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設的(de)一(yi)個契機(ji)，一(yi)是宅(zhai)基地復(fu)墾(ken)新(xin)(xin)增的(de)耕(geng)地指標首先(xian)用于新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設，用地指標得到有效保證；二是拆遷戶的(de)集中搬遷有利于新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)集聚；三是“政府(fu)補一(yi)點(dian)、集體(ti)(ti)貼一(yi)點(dian)”的(de)模式減(jian)輕了廣大農(nong)(nong)民向新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)點(dian)集聚的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)壓力，也更(geng)為廣大群眾(zhong)所接受。

2.3建立和完善農村(cun)發展的土地收(shou)益(yi)分配體系

在(zai)我國(guo)現行土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)稅、費體(ti)(ti)系下，政府土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)收(shou)(shou)益在(zai)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)轉用(yong)(yong)和(he)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)供應(ying)環節取得的(de)(de)多、在(zai)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)有環節取得的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)。在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)上(shang)，投(tou)向(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)多、投(tou)向(xiang)(xiang)農(nong)村(cun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)，投(tou)向(xiang)(xiang)經濟建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)多、投(tou)向(xiang)(xiang)社會事業(ye)的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)。這種格(ge)(ge)局(ju)加劇了(le)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)發展差距和(he)征地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)引(yin)起的(de)(de)矛盾沖突，同時也使地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政府盲目(mu)擴(kuo)張(zhang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，要對這種格(ge)(ge)局(ju)進行必要的(de)(de)調整。比如，提高(gao)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)用(yong)(yong)稅的(de)(de)征收(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)，加大力(li)度支持農(nong)村(cun)綜合(he)開(kai)發；制定和(he)完善全國(guo)性的(de)(de)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)墾費征收(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)以及使用(yong)(yong)、轉移和(he)監督管(guan)理(li)(li)辦法，保(bao)障對占(zhan)用(yong)(yong)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)有效補償；嚴格(ge)(ge)新增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有償使用(yong)(yong)費的(de)(de)征收(shou)(shou)管(guan)理(li)(li)，建(jian)(jian)立土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)收(shou)(shou)益基(ji)金(jin)專(zhuan)項管(guan)理(li)(li)制度，嚴格(ge)(ge)規(gui)范土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出讓收(shou)(shou)益用(yong)(yong)于失(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)社會保(bao)障、農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整理(li)(li)、農(nong)村(cun)基(ji)礎設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)等具體(ti)(ti)標準(zhun)，促(cu)進城(cheng)鄉(xiang)經濟社會協調發展。

2.4開展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設用地整(zheng)理，改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)生活(huo)環境

近年來，隨著農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)人口不斷外流(liu)和遷移，一些(xie)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的住房和宅(zhai)基地(di)隨之廢(fei)棄(qi)或閑置，出現了空心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)等現象，而(er)與(yu)此(ci)同時，大多(duo)數生(sheng)(sheng)活在(zai)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的居民(min)要(yao)求(qiu)改善生(sheng)(sheng)活居住環境(jing)的愿望越來越強。在(zai)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)，要(yao)在(zai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)規(gui)劃(hua)的統(tong)一指導(dao)(dao)下，尊重并引導(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)民(min)積極(ji)參(can)與(yu)，因地(di)制宜(yi)地(di)開展(zhan)土地(di)規(gui)整以(yi)及廢(fei)棄(qi)閑置地(di)的開發(fa)利用(yong)等多(duo)種形(xing)式的農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)整理(li)。減少農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)居民(min)用(yong)地(di)的無序發(fa)展(zhan)，確保農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)居民(min)點用(yong)地(di)，不侵占城鎮(zhen)用(yong)地(di)規(gui)劃(hua)指標(biao)，使農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)用(yong)地(di)向中(zhong)心(xin)鎮(zhen)集中(zhong)，用(yong)地(di)指標(biao)向工業化、城鎮(zhen)化發(fa)展(zhan)。

3結語

建(jian)設社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)就是要堅(jian)持以科(ke)學(xue)發展(zhan)觀為指導，以求實創新的(de)態度，全面推進農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)政治、經(jing)濟、文化和(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)經(jing)濟建(jian)設，進而實現由傳(chuan)統農(nong)(nong)村(cun)向現代農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)轉變。而其中涉及到(dao)的(de)土地管理(li)問(wen)題需要進一步(bu)深(shen)思和(he)探索，要切(qie)實履行保(bao)護資源、保(bao)障發展(zhan)、維護權益、服務社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)職責。嚴(yan)格(ge)保(bao)護耕(geng)地，合(he)理(li)利用土地資源，落實嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)管理(li)制度，及時研究解決新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設中出現的(de)新問(wen)題，積(ji)極主動地支持社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設。

參考文獻

篇3

[關鍵詞]新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建設;新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)功能;合作組(zu)織建設

[中圖(tu)分(fen)類號(hao)] F303.3[文(wen)獻標(biao)識碼] A [文(wen)章編號(hao)] 1673-0461(2010)10-0039-04

引 言

新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)實施(shi)幾年來,取(qu)得諸多成績,如(ru)村(cun)(cun)容(rong)村(cun)(cun)貌得到改(gai)善、村(cun)(cun)路硬(ying)化打開對(dui)(dui)外的(de)窗口、伴隨著新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)深入(ru),鄉風也有了(le)很大進步。但新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中也產生了(le)許多矛盾和問題,這些(xie)問題的(de)存在正(zheng)嚴重制約(yue)著新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)步伐和城鄉統(tong)籌發展(zhan)進程(cheng),延緩了(le)城鎮化和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業現(xian)代(dai)化的(de)速(su)度。要(yao)想快速(su)實現(xian)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)戰略目標,有必要(yao)對(dui)(dui)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)功(gong)能進行深入(ru)分析(xi)并(bing)重新(xin)設(she)定(ding)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)路徑。

一、社會主(zhu)義新(xin)農村(cun)建設的意義

1.新農村建(jian)設是解決城鄉收入差(cha)距擴(kuo)大(da)的有效途徑

改革(ge)開(kai)放以來,20世紀(ji)80年代(dai)初期(qi)和(he)中期(qi),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)很快,推(tui)動(dong)了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),支撐了(le)我們整個國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。20世紀(ji)90年代(dai)以后,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)速(su)度(du)則(ze)非常緩(huan)慢、農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也非常艱難。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)速(su)度(du)、農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)大(da)幅度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落后于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)速(su)度(du)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)提(ti)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du),因(yin)此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距(ju)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)差(cha)距(ju)逐步(bu)拉(la)大(da)。這樣一(yi)種(zhong)狀況已經(jing)影(ying)響了(le)整個國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續、快速(su)、健康(kang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。社會主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設重大(da)意義(yi)之(zhi)一(yi)就在于(yu)(yu)要(yao)遏制城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)距(ju)拉(la)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢[1]。在目前農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)滯后、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)距(ju)拉(la)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,統籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點就是要(yao)加快農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)社會發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),縮(suo)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)間過大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距(ju)。而推(tui)進(jin)社會主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設就是統籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)舉措。在社會主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設中實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設必然會帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),從而為農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)收(shou)開(kai)辟一(yi)條新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路(lu),進(jin)而使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)別拉(la)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢得以控制。

2.新農村(cun)建設能夠(gou)有效擴大農村(cun)市場需求

我(wo)國(guo)(guo)是(shi)一個有(you)13億人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展中大國(guo)(guo),國(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟發展必須主(zhu)要立足于(yu)擴(kuo)大國(guo)(guo)內(nei)需(xu)求。世界(jie)各(ge)發達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)紛紛將中國(guo)(guo)作(zuo)為他們推銷(xiao)商品的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)戰場(chang),那么我(wo)們國(guo)(guo)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)實施新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)中,勢必首(shou)先考(kao)慮本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)需(xu)求問題。現在(zai)(zai),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟發展中對(dui)外貿易依存(cun)度已經(jing)相當高,然而(er)隨著金(jin)融危機重(zhong)創后全球經(jing)濟急(ji)需(xu)復蘇的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia),國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易摩擦卻日(ri)趨加(jia)(jia)(jia)劇,最(zui)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)歐盟針對(dui)中國(guo)(guo)皮鞋征收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反傾(qing)銷(xiao)稅事(shi)件(jian)極具有(you)說(shuo)服力。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)樣一種國(guo)(guo)際(ji)大環境(jing)下(xia),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)更應重(zhong)視擴(kuo)大內(nei)需(xu)。農(nong)(nong)民(min)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)大、最(zui)有(you)潛力的(de)(de)(de)(de)消費(fei)群體,是(shi)擴(kuo)大內(nei)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)力軍。通過社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)來加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)基礎設(she)施建設(she),發展農(nong)(nong)村社會(hui)事(shi)業(ye),既(ji)可以(yi)改善農(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)和(he)生活條(tiao)件(jian),擴(kuo)大農(nong)(nong)村消費(fei),又可以(yi)直接形(xing)成農(nong)(nong)村投(tou)資需(xu)求,帶動(dong)當地鄉鎮(zhen)企業(ye)發展,從而(er)帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)村經(jing)濟發展,就可以(yi)持續增加(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入,那么億萬農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在(zai)(zai)購買意愿則會(hui)轉(zhuan)化為巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實消費(fei),對(dui)整個國(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟發展將起到強(qiang)大而(er)持久的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉(la)動(dong)作(zuo)用。

3.新(xin)農村建設有(you)利(li)于促進人的(de)全面(mian)發展[1]

科學發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)是(shi)以(yi)人為本(ben)。無論發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經濟還(huan)是(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)業(ye)或者進(jin)(jin)行(xing)基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she),其(qi)最(zui)終目標都是(shi)滿足人的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)方面(mian)需要,都是(shi)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人口和勞(lao)動力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質相對較(jiao)(jiao)低,關鍵是(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)經濟環(huan)境較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha),不能(neng)適應(ying)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)方面(mian)要求(qiu)。推進(jin)(jin)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)正是(shi)通過改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)經濟環(huan)境,為促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)從(cong)(cong)多(duo)(duo)方面(mian)提(ti)供良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)部(bu)條(tiao)件。良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)氛圍將促(cu)(cu)使農(nong)(nong)民(min)相互比較(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)成趕超的(de)(de)(de)(de)風氣,有了這(zhe)種積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比勁(jing)兒,農(nong)(nong)民(min)才(cai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)事(shi)業(ye),提(ti)高綜合實力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)動。這(zhe)樣才(cai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)民(min)不斷(duan)豐富和完(wan)善(shan)自(zi)己(ji),從(cong)(cong)知識積累到社會(hui)(hui)(hui)能(neng)力(li)(li)培養鍛煉,不斷(duan)使農(nong)(nong)民(min)成為現代全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)。可以(yi)說,推進(jin)(jin)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出發(fa)(fa)點是(shi)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),其(qi)落腳點也是(shi)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

4.新農(nong)村建設有助于保護(hu)農(nong)村生態環境(jing)

新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設其中(zhong)一(yi)個標準就是(shi)村(cun)容整潔,這一(yi)標準要求新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設中(zhong)首(shou)先要解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)環境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染(ran)問題。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)污(wu)染(ran)治理(li)(li)將(jiang)完全(quan)改(gai)變(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活環境(jing)(jing),特(te)別是(shi)對垃圾(ji)的集中(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li),畜(chu)禽的集中(zhong)養(yang)殖以(yi)及糞便的處(chu)理(li)(li),污(wu)水的集中(zhong)傾倒這一(yi)系列的措(cuo)施,將(jiang)完全(quan)改(gai)變(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)過(guo)去臟(zang)亂差(cha)的狀況。同時,這樣集中(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li)垃圾(ji)的污(wu)水之后,使得(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)物得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)治理(li)(li),農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環境(jing)(jing)也得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)改(gai)善,并且有(you)害(hai)物質被(bei)集中(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li),不(bu)能進入(ru)到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)去。避免(mian)“白色(se)污(wu)染(ran)”的產(chan)(chan)生(sheng),同時潛移(yi)默化中(zhong)培(pei)養(yang)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的生(sheng)態意(yi)識,能夠有(you)效地保護農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)。

二、社會主(zhu)義新農村的(de)功能

1.新農(nong)村具有社會化(hua)服(fu)務功能(neng)

現今的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)沒有(you)一套完(wan)善社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務體系,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民無法(fa)脫離自(zi)我服(fu)(fu)(fu)務的(de)(de)狀況。這樣一來(lai)不僅農(nong)(nong)(nong)民得(de)不到(dao)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務,而且還(huan)浪費了(le)大量(liang)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)社(she)會(hui)資源,不利于農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)活條(tiao)件的(de)(de)改善。新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)建(jian)設為(wei)解決這種現狀提(ti)供(gong)了(le)可能。新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)可能有(you)效地(di)收(shou)(shou)集和(he)整合農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人力、物(wu)力、財力資源,為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務提(ti)供(gong)物(wu)質(zhi)保(bao)障(zhang);新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)還(huan)可以(yi)從宣傳、教育、培訓(xun)等方面(mian)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)民進行(xing)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)渲(xuan)染,為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務奠定文(wen)化(hua)(hua)基礎。通(tong)過(guo)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設,可以(yi)有(you)效提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產力,增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收(shou)(shou)入,繁(fan)榮農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟,促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務業(ye)的(de)(de)發展,這樣即可實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)各項社(she)會(hui)事情的(de)(de)發展,通(tong)過(guo)市場化(hua)(hua)動作實現社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務功能。

2.新(xin)農(nong)村具有社區組織化功能

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)都是(shi)獨立(li)的(de)(de)、分離的(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)無(wu)法一(yi)(yi)起(qi)經營、一(yi)(yi)起(qi)致(zhi)富,從(cong)而使(shi)得農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)經濟發(fa)展相(xiang)對緩慢(man),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方式依舊是(shi)舊式的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方式。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)也需要像(xiang)城(cheng)市一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)環(huan)境,也需要一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)具有(you)社(she)(she)區組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)機(ji)制(zhi)。社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主義新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)方面能(neng)夠在組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方面發(fa)揮作用;另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面能(neng)夠使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)秩(zhi)序得到保障(zhang)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)過分的(de)(de)獨立(li),使(shi)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)缺乏組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,致(zhi)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)之間(jian)缺乏正確的(de)(de)溝通交流,而無(wu)法形(xing)成有(you)效的(de)(de)團體。新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設將有(you)效激(ji)勵農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意識的(de)(de)提高(gao),激(ji)發(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)建立(li)種(zhong)類合作組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),通過生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、流通、社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)服(fu)務(wu)等組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)建立(li),讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)也成為(wei)有(you)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)群體成員,這種(zhong)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)將便于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)共同(tong)發(fa)展和(he)進(jin)行高(gao)品質的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。

3.新(xin)農村具有農村城鎮(zhen)化發展功(gong)能

過(guo)去關于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中(zhong)似乎存在(zai)著一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)誤(wu)區(qu),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)誤(wu)區(qu)使人(ren)們效仿歐(ou)美發達(da)資本主義國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu),試(shi)圖把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)轉(zhuan)移(yi)到城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)來居住。然而(er)發達(da)歐(ou)美國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)基于(yu)這(zhe)樣兩個(ge)事實:第(di)(di)一(yi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)相對較(jiao)少;第(di)(di)二,工業(ye)(ye)部門為(wei)初級(ji)工業(ye)(ye)部門。現(xian)在(zai)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實情況是:農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)眾多,工業(ye)(ye)部門較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)而(er)不需要素質較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(這(zhe)也是為(wei)什么農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)多只(zhi)從事高負荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑行(xing)業(ye)(ye)最(zui)底層的(de)(de)(de)(de)工人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因)。因此那種(zhong)(zhong)依靠(kao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)吸(xi)納農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)是走不通的(de)(de)(de)(de)。中(zhong)國必(bi)須走農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)道(dao)路(lu),在(zai)充(chong)分利用大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)吸(xi)納農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)勞動力(li)轉(zhuan)移(yi)進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,大(da)(da)(da)力(li)發展縣域(yu)中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)和小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)模式將大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動動力(li)和適應(ying)能力(li),有效實現(xian)中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)口(kou)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)轉(zhuan)移(yi),加快城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)。社會主義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)從改善生(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)著手,試(shi)圖使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)適應(ying)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing),從而(er)逐(zhu)漸(jian)得使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)也過(guo)著和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)里人(ren)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)并(bing)不是非得住在(zai)高樓大(da)(da)(da)廈里,并(bing)不是非得開(kai)著豪華(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)家車,用著進口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廚具。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)應(ying)該是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方式的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian),一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)從價值觀(guan)到消費觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。社會主義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)提供了(le)這(zhe)樣一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)社會經濟環境(jing)以及一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)轉(zhuan)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)。

4.新農(nong)村具有緩(huan)解二元經(jing)濟結(jie)構(gou)的功能

改革(ge)開(kai)放以(yi)來(lai),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)雖然在一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)上得(de)到了(le)發(fa)展,但在國民(min)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)總體(ti)來(lai)看(kan),其發(fa)展程(cheng)度(du)是(shi)十分微(wei)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。工(gong)業(ye)方(fang)面(mian)則是(shi)在建(jian)國初期(qi)(qi)就一(yi)(yi)直依靠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)來(lai)維系自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速發(fa)展。從(cong)某種(zhong)意義上說,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)對(dui)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)支(zhi)持(chi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)至今(jin)仍然很(hen)強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在著。比如教育(yu)問(wen)題,現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)是(shi)把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)收入(ru)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)到教育(yu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)中(zhong),而(er)這(zhe)種(zhong)教育(yu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)所獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人力資(zi)(zi)本(ben)卻(que)往(wang)往(wang)留存(cun)于(yu)、應用(yong)于(yu)、貢獻(xian)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)。總之,基于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)支(zhi)持(chi),我國逐漸形成(cheng)了(le)發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門(men)與(yu)落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)元(yuan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)格局。有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)話說“看(kan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)像歐洲(zhou),看(kan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)像非洲(zhou)”,這(zhe)話也著實(shi)體(ti)現(xian)了(le)中(zhong)國現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)格局。而(er)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設則從(cong)工(gong)業(ye)反哺農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)試(shi)圖(tu)打破這(zhe)種(zhong)二(er)(er)元(yuan)僵局,社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)必然會(hui)(hui)(hui)運用(yong)工(gong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門(men)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值應用(yong)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門(men),從(cong)而(er)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長添加了(le)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)助力器(qi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)得(de)以(yi)發(fa)展,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)面(mian)貌得(de)以(yi)更新(xin),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)環(huan)(huan)境(經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)境、社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)環(huan)(huan)境與(yu)人文環(huan)(huan)境)得(de)以(yi)改善。二(er)(er)元(yuan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結構(gou)盡管還會(hui)(hui)(hui)長期(qi)(qi)存(cun)在,但從(cong)國家到各(ge)級(ji)政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努力中(zhong),可以(yi)使(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)二(er)(er)元(yuan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結構(gou)得(de)以(yi)緩(huan)解(jie),特別是(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設就是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)就地城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)①的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng),這(zhe)種(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)對(dui)于(yu)緩(huan)解(jie)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉二(er)(er)元(yuan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結構(gou)有(you)著特別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設思路,將完(wan)全改善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎(chu)(chu)設施建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落后狀(zhuang)態,并且按(an)照城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式來(lai)建(jian)設農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun),將有(you)效(xiao)推進(jin)縣域(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展,加快(kuai)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步伐(fa),實(shi)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉統籌發(fa)展,為(wei)(wei)真正實(shi)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)奠定現(xian)實(shi)基礎(chu)(chu)。

5.新農村建設(she)具有統籌城鄉發(fa)展,縮短城鄉差距的功能(neng)

市場經濟(ji)條(tiao)件下(xia),政府對經濟(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)發展方向的(de)(de)(de)(de)把握就(jiu)是通過(guo)宏觀政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定和具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策來(lai)引(yin)導(dao)(dao)要(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動,來(lai)引(yin)導(dao)(dao)經濟(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調有序(xu)發展。新(xin)農村(cun)建(jian)設(she)通過(guo)財(cai)政投(tou)資,加快(kuai)農村(cun)基礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she),通過(guo)投(tou)資拉動來(lai)重新(xin)配(pei)置資源進而引(yin)導(dao)(dao)國(guo)家經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)(li)發展,既合理(li)(li)配(pei)置資源,實現資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效利用,又有效促進落后地(di)區快(kuai)速(su)發展,以求各(ge)地(di)區各(ge)層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調發展。確保國(guo)家經濟(ji)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)整體性的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調可持(chi)續發展。新(xin)農村(cun)建(jian)設(she)可以有效增進農村(cun)城鎮(zhen)化和農業現代化進程(cheng),改變農村(cun)基礎設(she)施(shi)落后,農村(cun)社(she)(she)(she)會(hui)化服務程(cheng)度(du)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,帶動農村(cun)全面(mian)發展。

三、社(she)會主義(yi)新(xin)農村建設路徑選擇

基于新(xin)農村(cun)建設的(de)諸多功能,社會(hui)主義新(xin)農村(cun)建設必須著力其多種功能的(de)實現,而放(fang)棄一些表(biao)面工程,以有助于國(guo)家(jia)全面戰略(lve)實現為第(di)一目標(biao)和(he)策略(lve)。

 1.充分發揮縣域經濟(ji)“亞核心” ②[2]作用,統籌(chou)規劃新農村(cun)建(jian)設(she)

考(kao)慮到(dao)(dao)(dao)我(wo)們國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)現實基礎和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現實,盡管國(guo)家對(dui)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)投入了很(hen)多,但真正(zheng)落實到(dao)(dao)(dao)每個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力、物(wu)力與財(cai)力就相(xiang)當有限(xian)了。如果按照現在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)模式(shi),想實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)化得相(xiang)當長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間,并且是否能起到(dao)(dao)(dao)國(guo)家想要的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果還很(hen)難說。新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)幾(ji)年(nian)來的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果已經說明了這(zhe)(zhe)一點(dian),不(bu)發揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)這(zhe)(zhe)一絕對(dui)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)自身主(zhu)觀能動(dong)性,光靠國(guo)家投入一部分資金來建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she),那么新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)最初設(she)(she)(she)(she)想就根本無法實現。結合(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)實踐,和(he)幾(ji)年(nian)來新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)經驗,要想實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)快速實現,首要的(de)(de)(de)一條就是要打破新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)含義,我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she),并不(bu)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)一個(ge)新村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),核心是提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)思想意(yi)識(shi)和(he)綜(zong)合(he)素質(zhi),讓(rang)他(ta)們自己(ji)找到(dao)(dao)(dao)自己(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向。在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民自己(ji)沒有真正(zheng)意(yi)識(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)些的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,國(guo)家就要對(dui)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)進行統籌規(gui)劃,結合(he)各省市縣的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體情況(kuang),對(dui)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)實施縣(市)、鄉(鎮(zhen)(zhen))、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)三級統籌規(gui)劃。

2.按城市標準規劃新農村建(jian)設

新農(nong)村建設(she)(she)要(yao)結合(he)(he)當地原有的基(ji)礎(經(jing)濟、政(zheng)治、自(zi)然、社會),首(shou)先搞好經(jing)濟社會發展(zhan)(zhan)總體規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),高(gao)標準(zhun)進行基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施的規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計建設(she)(she)。將(jiang)縣(xian)(市(shi))作為(wei)國家、省(市(shi)、自(zi)治區)核(he)心城(cheng)市(shi)之外的“亞(ya)核(he)心” [2]進行規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),從(cong)交(jiao)通路網(wang)建設(she)(she)到(dao)供(gong)排水管網(wang)建設(she)(she),從(cong)市(shi)政(zheng)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)到(dao)服務(wu)網(wang)點(dian)建設(she)(she),都(dou)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)(kao)慮其(qi)未來五十年的市(shi)容率來規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計并結合(he)(he)當前需要(yao)逐步(bu)建設(she)(she)。搞好縣(xian)域“亞(ya)核(he)心”建設(she)(she)的基(ji)礎上,再合(he)(he)理建設(she)(she)鎮、村規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計建設(she)(she),這其(qi)中要(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)重(zhong)點(dian)村的建設(she)(she)。綜(zong)合(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)慮三(san)級發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),高(gao)標準(zhun)進行城(cheng)鎮化發展(zhan)(zhan)建設(she)(she),就是要(yao)盡快將(jiang)偏(pian)遠小山村的農(nong)民轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)出(chu)來,為(wei)其(qi)提供(gong)生存的空間,將(jiang)過度分(fen)散居住的農(nong)民轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)到(dao)更適宜居住的地方,全面提升農(nong)村的生活質量和綜(zong)合(he)(he)保障(zhang)能力(li)。

3.以生態標準進行(xing)新農村建設

農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現在的(de)(de)環境(jing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)令人擔憂。垃圾(ji)處(chu)理(li)、飲水、用廁(ce)等一(yi)系列關(guan)系到(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)環境(jing)問題一(yi)直困擾著農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。究其原因,一(yi)方面是農(nong)(nong)(nong)民幾千年來的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)習(xi)慣(guan);另(ling)一(yi)方面,是沒(mei)有一(yi)種可以(yi)(yi)使得農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)習(xi)慣(guan)得以(yi)(yi)改善的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保障。在建設新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)過程中(zhong)(zhong),必須制定一(yi)套科(ke)學(xue)合理(li)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)指(zhi)標,以(yi)(yi)該指(zhi)標的(de)(de)要求來建設新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)。不(bu)能因為大量的(de)(de)建設工(gong)程而進一(yi)步惡化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)。在統籌規劃新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設過程中(zhong)(zhong),將(jiang)提高(gao)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)率,使更多的(de)(de)人集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)居住(zhu)在城鎮(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong),提高(gao)土地的(de)(de)利用效率,實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)增殖效應,轉(zhuan)變農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育觀(guan)念(nian),實(shi)現產業結構的(de)(de)高(gao)化(hua)(hua)并(bing)且有利于污染的(de)(de)防治和垃圾(ji)處(chu)理(li)。

4.新農(nong)村建設需要提高農(nong)民組織化程(cheng)度

過度松散(san)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式,使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)任(ren)何行(xing)動都缺少組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),既浪費(fei)(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活資(zi)料,又(you)浪費(fei)(fei)時間資(zi)本,同時,又(you)使(shi)得(de)(de)本來就處于(yu)弱勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min),更加無(wu)法適應現(xian)代化的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)。在新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設過程中(zhong)(zhong),要不斷努力引導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)組(zu)(zu)建(jian)各種有助于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)[3]。通過各種合(he)作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)功能效用,使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以獲得(de)(de)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)科技知(zhi)識、形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學習型(xing)家庭,促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)整體(ti)素(su)質,培(pei)養適合(he)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)[4]。提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)化可(ke)(ke)(ke)以促使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)進行(xing)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),開展(zhan)多(duo)種形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)聯合(he)與合(he)作(zuo),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規模效益,提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化水平,建(jian)立龍頭企業(ye)(ye)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)之間聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)橋梁(liang),維護農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)利益,同時也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以保(bao)證(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)符(fu)合(he)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)標準,建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以降低(di)交易成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本,獲得(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠收入,降低(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本,提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)出售價格,同時,在人們(men)日益關(guan)注消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)階段,合(he)作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以集體(ti)購買生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活用品(pin),減少市(shi)場經濟中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)市(shi)場欺詐現(xian)象(xiang),堵住假冒偽劣商品(pin)銷往農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)通路[5]。

5.新農(nong)村建設需(xu)要(yao)大(da)力(li)發展集(ji)體經(jing)濟

在(zai)(zai)社會主義新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中,鄉(鎮)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)兩(liang)級政府有(you)(you)許多事(shi)情(qing)要做,但卻(que)無從下手(shou),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這兩(liang)級自取消農(nong)業稅后(hou)沒有(you)(you)財(cai)政來(lai)(lai)(lai)源,全國(guo)(guo)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地區這兩(liang)級政府沒有(you)(you)積(ji)(ji)累。有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)級組(zu)織,不(bu)(bu)但沒有(you)(you)積(ji)(ji)累和(he)財(cai)政收入(ru)(ru),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)管理不(bu)(bu)善(shan),經營能力差(cha),導致負債很多。所以農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公共品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)供(gong)只(zhi)能完全依(yi)靠國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru),這樣在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中,國(guo)(guo)家投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)就(jiu)(jiu)沒有(you)(you)配(pei)套(tao)解(jie)(jie)決方(fang)案(an),加之現在(zai)(zai)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)業均不(bu)(bu)允許向百姓(xing)攤(tan)派,許多公益事(shi)業做不(bu)(bu)起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)事(shi)業就(jiu)(jiu)大受影響。當(dang)前如何破解(jie)(jie)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際困難,真正發(fa)揮鄉(鎮)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)兩(liang)級政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能是急(ji)需解(jie)(jie)決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。要想發(fa)揮兩(liang)級政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能,那么這兩(liang)級政府首先要解(jie)(jie)決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)就(jiu)(jiu)是增(zeng)加財(cai)政收入(ru)(ru)。大力發(fa)展(zhan)集體經濟(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決提(ti)供(gong)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑。集體經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)直接增(zeng)加本級政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政收入(ru)(ru),本級政府有(you)(you)了自我支配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政收入(ru)(ru),就(jiu)(jiu)能根據(ju)本級需要,對國(guo)(guo)家投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)進行配(pei)套(tao),將(jiang)(jiang)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)業很好地完成;二來(lai)(lai)(lai)促(cu)進當(dang)地第(di)(di)三產業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan),活躍當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang),農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)公共品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)供(gong)都(dou)將(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)服務(wu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)有(you)(you)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎和(he)條件,活躍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)三產業發(fa)展(zhan),將(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)利(li)促(cu)進社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面進步(bu);三來(lai)(lai)(lai)可以利(li)用集體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量為(wei)(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)社會發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)。而如何發(fa)展(zhan)集體經濟(ji),又將(jiang)(jiang)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個深(shen)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課題(ti)(ti),需要我們在(zai)(zai)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中深(shen)入(ru)(ru)探討。

四、結 論

社會主義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)已經進(jin)行了(le)六年,全國上下共同努力(li)取得了(le)前(qian)所未有的(de)(de)成就,基礎設(she)施不(bu)斷(duan)完善、村(cun)(cun)容(rong)村(cun)(cun)貌(mao)逐(zhu)步(bu)改善、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生態環境(jing)逐(zhu)漸好(hao)轉、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入逐(zhu)步(bu)增加、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生產生活都(dou)在(zai)提高。但新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中也伴隨著(zhu)一(yi)些(xie)問題,歸根結(jie)(jie)底是(shi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)參與者(zhe)沒有將新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)把握好(hao),強調外化(hua)的(de)(de)東西,卻忽略了(le)一(yi)些(xie)內(nei)在(zai)的(de)(de)東西。針(zhen)對新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)應該具有的(de)(de)社會化(hua)服(fu)務功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)組(zu)織化(hua)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)城(cheng)鎮化(hua)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、緩解城(cheng)鄉二(er)元結(jie)(jie)構功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、統籌城(cheng)鄉發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)需(xu)要,新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)需(xu)要進(jin)行相(xiang)應的(de)(de)調整,有所側重地(di)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟社會事業(ye)。只有這樣才能(neng)將新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)深入下去,并真正地(di)解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)問題及缺(que)陷。

[注 釋]

①農村(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化是指各種(zhong)要素不斷(duan)在農村(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮中集聚,農村(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮人

口不斷(duan)增多,城鎮數量、規模不斷(duan)增大,質量不斷(duan)提高的(de)過程。

②所謂“亞核心(xin)(xin)”,是指經(jing)濟地位和(he)功能介(jie)于核心(xin)(xin)區和(he)邊緣(yuan)區之

間(jian)的(de)次級核(he)心,是局部邊(bian)緣區域的(de)核(he)心區。“亞核(he)心”作為經

濟(ji)地(di)位和(he)功(gong)能(neng)介于(yu)核(he)心(xin)(xin)和(he)邊(bian)緣(yuan)之(zhi)間的次級核(he)心(xin)(xin),與核(he)心(xin)(xin)、邊(bian)緣(yuan)

的關系主(zhu)要(yao)表現為:第一,“亞核心”是局部邊緣地區的極(ji)化

中(zhong)心。第二(er),“亞核心”是從屬于“核心”的(de)次級核心。第三,

“亞(ya)核心(xin)”是“核心(xin)”和“邊緣”的紐(niu)帶。在新(xin)農村建(jian)設過程

中(zhong),要強化縣域(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)城鎮的“亞核心(xin)”作用,強化其人口集聚(ju)

功能,以(yi)減少大城市因勞動(dong)力轉(zhuan)移(yi)造成的(de)壓力,還能夠減少農(nong)

村人口過多對(dui)農業現代化(hua)的制約。

[參考文獻]

[1]彭(peng)京宜,等,編著.建設社會主義新農村(cun)學習讀本(第(di)2版)[M].北(bei)

京:紅旗(qi)出版社,2006:12.

[2]劉國斌,趙(zhao)儒煜.論縣域經濟(ji)“亞核心”發展(zhan)規律[J].吉林大(da)學社(she)會

科學學報,2009(1):151-157.

[3]李 恩(en),孫 賀.吉林省農(nong)民(min)專業合(he)作經濟組織模式探(tan)索――基于社(she)

會(hui)功能視角[J].農(nong)業經濟,2009(8):84-86.

[4]李 恩,李 赫(he).構建社會主義和諧(xie)農村與塑造新型農民的關系研(yan)究

[J].學理論,2009(7):93-96.

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324.

Functional Analysis of New Rural Community Construction

Li En,Liu Zhiqiang

(College of Quartermaster Technology of Jilin University , Changchun 130062,China)

篇4

（一）調(diao)查準備(bei)階段（2015年7月）

1、成立機構，落實責任。經鎮黨(dang)委、政(zheng)府(fu)研究(jiu)決(jue)定成立新(xin)(xin)農村建設(she)(she)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領導小組,對13個新(xin)(xin)農村建設(she)(she)點實行(xing)合理分工(gong)，明確工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職責，積(ji)極推進新(xin)(xin)農村建設(she)(she)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)有(you)序(xu)開展。

2、調查(cha)摸底，掌握實(shi)情(qing)。村(cun)(cun)(cun)干部深(shen)入村(cun)(cun)(cun)組，全面了解各村(cun)(cun)(cun)道路(lu)、住房、廁所、環境衛(wei)生、村(cun)(cun)(cun)情(qing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)貌等情(qing)況。對照新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)要(yao)求，謀劃村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊建(jian)(jian)設和產(chan)業發展思路(lu)，編制好中(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設規劃。

（二）宣傳啟動階段(duan)（2015年7月(yue)至8月(yue)）

1、宣傳發動，營造氛(fen)圍(wei)。制訂實(shi)施方案，召(zhao)開新農村建設動員(yuan)會，專門部署，迅速啟動，形成(cheng)合(he)力推進(jin)的氛(fen)圍(wei)。利用廣(guang)播、標(biao)語(yu)、宣傳欄(lan)、下(xia)發宣傳材料、集中(zhong)培訓等形式(shi)，深(shen)入到農戶進(jin)行宣傳。

2、因地制(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)，規劃設計。在搞好調查摸底的基礎上(shang)，因地制(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)，搞好村(cun)莊建設、產業(ye)發(fa)展、經濟帶的規劃設計。

（三）項目實(shi)施階段（2015年(nian)8月至11月）

1、集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)力量，穩步推開(kai)。在8至10月集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)開(kai)展(zhan)以“三清”為(wei)(wei)重點的(de)村莊環境整治活動。8月至11月集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)開(kai)展(zhan)以“六改”為(wei)(wei)核心(xin)的(de)村基(ji)礎建設工作。

 2、各建設點(dian)根(gen)據(ju)實施方案和實施項(xiang)目(mu)的規劃要求，全面開展(zhan)各項(xiang)整(zheng)治項(xiang)目(mu)的建設，并按時(shi)、按質、按量完成。

（四）一般自然村點(dian)督查驗收(shou)階(jie)段（2015年(nian)11月至12月）

鎮(zhen)新(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)將加(jia)強(qiang)對各新(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設一般自然(ran)村點督促檢查(cha)，通服(fu)新(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進展情況，對工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)抓得緊(jin)、成(cheng)(cheng)效明顯(xian)(xian)的予(yu)以(yi)通報表揚；對工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不到(dao)位、進展慢、成(cheng)(cheng)效不明顯(xian)(xian)的責令限期整改并通報批評。

（五(wu)）中(zhong)心村點(dian)項目改(gai)造升級階段(duan)（2016年1月(yue)至11月(yue)）

以“三(san)化(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)步”的理(li)(li)念，按照城鄉規劃一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)、基礎設(she)施一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)、公(gong)共服(fu)務一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)的要求，搞好中心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)整體規劃建(jian)設(she)。統籌推(tui)進(jin)(jin)中心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)道路、給排水、電力、廣電、通訊(xun)、綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等配套設(she)施建(jian)設(she)。深化(hua)(hua)(hua)中心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環(huan)境綜合整治，以生(sheng)態(tai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)為標(biao)準，以村(cun)(cun)(cun)容整潔為目標(biao)，邊(bian)建(jian)設(she)邊(bian)整治。推(tui)廣應(ying)用(yong)沼氣、太陽能等清潔能源技術，使農村(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)實現可(ke)持續發展。借鑒(jian)城市社區的管理(li)(li)方式，積極推(tui)進(jin)(jin)中心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)管理(li)(li)社區化(hua)(hua)(hua)，完善配置“10+4”公(gong)共服(fu)務設(she)施。延伸公(gong)共服(fu)務網絡，在中心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)社區服(fu)務中心(xin)，為農民群眾提供與基本生(sheng)活保(bao)障密切相關(guan)的服(fu)務項目。

篇5

關鍵詞：新農村(cun)建設(she)；三個發展(zhan)階段；評價指(zhi)標(biao)體系

目前，對(dui)(dui)新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)研究過(guo)于復雜，指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)很多(duo)，把(ba)握起來有(you)(you)(you)困難，同時很少有(you)(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)村(cun)(cun)(cun)屯的(de)新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。盡管有(you)(you)(you)些省(sheng)(sheng)份制定了(le)評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，但(dan)也只適合本省(sheng)(sheng)情況。為(wei)使新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)目標(biao)(biao)明確(que)、建(jian)設(she)過(guo)程有(you)(you)(you)章可循、建(jian)設(she)結(jie)果有(you)(you)(you)據(ju)可評(ping)，全國性新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)亟需建(jian)立。筆者參考國家統(tong)計(ji)局(ju)小(xiao)康社會(hui)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)、已有(you)(you)(you)研究成(cheng)果和(he)各地新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)等，提(ti)出新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)評(ping)價(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。

一、現有研究成(cheng)果(guo)存在的(de)問題

(一)針對全(quan)國性(xing)的研究較少(shao)

到目前為止(zhi)，公開發(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)對全國新農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)評價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)研究的(de)(de)(de)文章很少。李立清等(deng)(deng)構(gou)建了包含五十個二級評價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)新農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)評價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。但指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中沒有階段目標(biao)(biao)、指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)值(zhi)和指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)權重(zhong)。公開發(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)各地新農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)評價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)較多(duo)，重(zhong)慶、湖北(bei)、浙江(jiang)、黑(hei)龍江(jiang)、福建、江(jiang)蘇等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)已出臺(tai)新農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)評價(jia)(jia)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。

(二)涉及(ji)村(cun)級(ji)的指標體系很少(shao)

目前，只有少數(shu)研究成果涉及村(cun)(cun)級指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)體系(xi)。朱孔來為(wei)村(cun)(cun)級新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設評價指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)體系(xi)設計(ji)(ji)七大(da)類二十(shi)六項指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，在“生(sheng)產發展、生(sheng)活(huo)寬裕、鄉(xiang)風文明、村(cun)(cun)容整潔(jie)、管理民主”五(wu)方面的(de)基礎上，又增加了“農(nong)民幸福程(cheng)度、農(nong)民素(su)質水平”兩方面指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，但沒有指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)值和(he)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)權重。另外，蘇(su)北(bei)經濟(ji)信息中(zhong)心以村(cun)(cun)為(wei)單位設計(ji)(ji)的(de)《蘇(su)北(bei)全面小(xiao)康階(jie)段社會(hui)主義新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設主要(yao)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)》，有二十(shi)六項考核項目和(he)五(wu)十(shi)一項考核指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，只有考核指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)值，沒有指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)權重。

(三)評價(jia)指(zhi)標過多且(qie)復雜

目(mu)前，新農(nong)村(cun)建設(she)(she)評價指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體系中的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)最少為二十六項(xiang)(xiang)，多的(de)(de)(de)(de)已超過五十項(xiang)(xiang)。其中，有些指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)設(she)(she)計重復，如，把村(cun)干道(dao)綠(lv)化(hua)率(lv)(lv)和森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋達標(biao)率(lv)(lv)同(tong)時設(she)(she)為村(cun)容整潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)；有些指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)設(she)(she)立有待考(kao)證，如，在村(cun)級指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體系中設(she)(she)立“有衛生(sheng)(sheng)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)行政(zheng)村(cun)所占比(bi)重”；有些指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)過于(yu)復雜(za)，既(ji)設(she)(she)立考(kao)核項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)又(you)設(she)(she)立考(kao)核指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，如，在生(sheng)(sheng)產發(fa)展指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)中設(she)(she)立“產業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展、經(jing)(jing)濟合作、規模經(jing)(jing)營、糧食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產、就業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)營、基層組織經(jing)(jing)濟實力”等七個考(kao)核項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，又(you)設(she)(she)立“人(ren)均GDP、第一(yi)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)水(shui)平、二、三產業(ye)(ye)(ye)增加(jia)值占GDP的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重、農(nong)民專業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作組織、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)適(shi)度規模經(jing)(jing)營比(bi)重、糧食(shi)(shi)種植面積、農(nong)村(cun)勞動力從(cong)事非農(nong)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)比(bi)重、訂單農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)覆(fu)蓋面、龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展、人(ren)均村(cun)級財(cai)力”等十項(xiang)(xiang)考(kao)核指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)。

(四)大部分指標體系內容不全(quan)面

普遍缺(que)少人均指標(biao)，不(bu)能全面反映(ying)不(bu)同(tong)地區(qu)的(de)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村建設(she)水(shui)平，使不(bu)同(tong)地區(qu)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村建設(she)水(shui)平難以比較(jiao)。在生產(chan)發(fa)展方面，普遍缺(que)少金融指標(biao)；在生活(huo)寬裕(yu)方面缺(que)少農(nong)民消費(fei)能力指標(biao)；在鄉風(feng)文明(ming)方面缺(que)少農(nong)民文明(ming)程(cheng)度和(he)信息化指標(biao)；在管理民主方面缺(que)少村干部素質指標(biao)，等等。

二、本評價指標體系研究的對象和階段

新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準應是統(tong)一的(de)，要(yao)適(shi)合于(yu)全(quan)國每個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)落。本評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體系的(de)研究對象針對國內所有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)(cun)屯。而且，本評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體系不只(zhi)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)政府(fu)和學術機(ji)構，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)也可(ke)根據自己的(de)情況去評(ping)價本村(cun)(cun)(cun)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)進展(zhan)情況。本評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體系將新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)劃分(fen)為三個(ge)發展(zhan)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，即(ji)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)初始(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、中(zhong)期階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)初始(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)逐(zhu)步(bu)啟動，“新(xin)(xin)”字體現在新(xin)(xin)路(lu)、新(xin)(xin)房、新(xin)(xin)規(gui)劃、新(xin)(xin)能源、新(xin)(xin)糧補、新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)合、新(xin)(xin)民(min)俗、新(xin)(xin)收入、新(xin)(xin)環(huan)境、新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)產、新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)活，等(deng)等(deng)。本階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)從2006年(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)5年(nian)時(shi)間(jian)，到(dao)(dao)2010年(nian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現第(di)一階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)期階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)部分(fen)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)差(cha)距開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)縮小(xiao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)產品供給開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)滿(man)足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)及農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產需(xu)(xu)要(yao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)上(shang)學、看(kan)病(bing)、養老問題開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)得到(dao)(dao)解(jie)決(jue)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)素質明顯提高(gao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)衣食住行(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現“一村(cun)(cun)(cun)一品”，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)非農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產業(ye)快速(su)(su)發展(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)土地流轉加速(su)(su)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)市(shi)民(min)化步(bu)伐加快，本階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)從2010年(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)5年(nian)時(shi)間(jian)，到(dao)(dao)2015年(nian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現第(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)取得豐碩成果，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)已開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化，城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)差(cha)距進一步(bu)縮小(xiao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本公共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)需(xu)(xu)求已得到(dao)(dao)滿(man)足，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)上(shang)學、看(kan)病(bing)、養老問題基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本解(jie)決(jue)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)現市(shi)場化生(sheng)產，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)素質市(shi)民(min)化，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)數量(liang)明顯減少，我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)全(quan)面小(xiao)康社(she)會評(ping)價指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體系中(zhong)的(de)全(quan)面小(xiao)康指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)現代化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)步(bu)伐加快，本階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)從2015年(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)5年(nian)時(shi)間(jian)，到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本實(shi)(shi)現第(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。

三、本評價(jia)指標體系的建立原則和程序

新農村建設(she)評價指標體系(xi)必須(xu)堅持(chi)一(yi)定(ding)原則，遵照一(yi)定(ding)程序，使評價指標體系(xi)更科學，更接近實際(ji)，更有可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)和實用(yong)性(xing)。

(一)評價指標體系建立的原則(ze)

將新農村(cun)建設的(de)(de)(de)“生產發(fa)展、生活寬裕、鄉風文明、村(cun)容(rong)整潔、管理(li)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)”二十字方針轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)量(liang)化的(de)(de)(de)、具有可(ke)(ke)(ke)操(cao)作性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)評價(jia)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)體系，盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是看(kan)得(de)見、摸得(de)著的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，必須(xu)具備：一是兼顧(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。應兼顧(gu)不同經濟社會發(fa)展水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)地區差異，盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是人均指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)。二是可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。考(kao)慮(lv)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)收集的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，盡(jin)(jin)量(liang)減少指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)數(shu)量(liang)，盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是統計指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)。三是可(ke)(ke)(ke)接(jie)(jie)受性(xing)(xing)(xing)。指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)確(que)定必須(xu)讓農民(min)(min)(min)接(jie)(jie)受，盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)貼近農民(min)(min)(min)。四是實(shi)用性(xing)(xing)(xing)。為各(ge)級政(zheng)府服務，盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是可(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)核的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，兼顧(gu)科(ke)學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和實(shi)用性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)統一。

(二)評價指(zhi)標體系建立(li)的(de)程序

首先(xian)，制定新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系的(de)(de)基本(ben)框(kuang)架。根據(ju)國(guo)家(jia)經濟社(she)會發展規(gui)劃、中央(yang)關(guan)于新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)有關(guan)文獻、國(guo)家(jia)小康社(she)會指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系、國(guo)內新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系已有研究成果、各地有關(guan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系、國(guo)外(wai)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和農(nong)(nong)業現代化指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系等方面來制定新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系的(de)(de)基本(ben)框(kuang)架。其(qi)次，征求各省(市)農(nong)(nong)業、社(she)會保障及新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)主管部門的(de)(de)意(yi)見并與部分省(市)的(de)(de)縣和鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)干(gan)部進行座談(tan)討論，征求農(nong)(nong)民意(yi)見。再次，根據(ju)所(suo)制定的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系的(de)(de)基本(ben)框(kuang)架，結(jie)合征求意(yi)見結(jie)果，嚴格遵照評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系建(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)原則(ze)，確定新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)，進而建(jian)立(li)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系。

四、構建(jian)新農村建(jian)設評(ping)價指標體系

根據(ju)上述原(yuan)則(ze)和程序，從(cong)“生產發展、生活富裕、鄉風文(wen)明、村容整潔、民主管理(li)”等五方(fang)面構建(jian)新農村建(jian)設(she)評價指標(biao)體系。評價指標(biao)體系共設(she)置量化(hua)指標(biao)二十個。

(一)“生產發展”指標

包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)人均非(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)比(bi)重、合作經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組織(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶參(can)(can)(can)與率(lv)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)家庭生產(chan)(chan)性固定資(zi)產(chan)(chan)原值(zhi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)小額(e)貸款發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)放群(qun)眾滿意率(lv)。其中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)人均非(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)比(bi)重反映(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結構調(diao)整情況，比(bi)重越(yue)(yue)大說明農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)狀況越(yue)(yue)好。合作經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組織(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶參(can)(can)(can)與率(lv)反映(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組織(zhi)化程(cheng)度(du)，是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)以市(shi)場(chang)導(dao)向發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的表現形(xing)式，參(can)(can)(can)與率(lv)越(yue)(yue)高說明農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化程(cheng)度(du)越(yue)(yue)高、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生產(chan)(chan)越(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)越(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)家庭生產(chan)(chan)性固定資(zi)產(chan)(chan)原值(zhi)反映(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生產(chan)(chan)基礎性投入水平(ping)，水平(ping)越(yue)(yue)高說明生產(chan)(chan)方式越(yue)(yue)先進，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)越(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)小額(e)貸款發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)放群(qun)眾滿意率(lv)反映(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的投入水平(ping)，目前資(zi)金投入水平(ping)還是(shi)制約農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的瓶(ping)頸，但隨著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的貸款問題(ti)也將得到解決。

(二)“生(sheng)活富裕”指標

包(bao)括農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)人均純收(shou)入、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民(min)恩(en)(en)格(ge)(ge)爾(er)系數(shu)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)看病費(fei)用的(de)承受能(neng)(neng)力、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)自然屯超(chao)(chao)市(shi)普及率。其(qi)中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)人均純收(shou)入是新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設評價指(zhi)標(biao)體系中最重要的(de)指(zhi)標(biao)，也(ye)(ye)是硬性指(zhi)標(biao)，這個指(zhi)標(biao)達(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到標(biao)準，提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)活質(zhi)量、發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)公(gong)共事業、縮小城鄉差(cha)距(ju)都無從談起。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民(min)恩(en)(en)格(ge)(ge)爾(er)系數(shu)反映農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)生(sheng)活質(zhi)量，隨(sui)著農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民(min)恩(en)(en)格(ge)(ge)爾(er)系數(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷縮小，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)活質(zhi)量將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)高，城鄉差(cha)距(ju)也(ye)(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷縮小。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)看病費(fei)用的(de)承受能(neng)(neng)力反映農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)活的(de)富裕程度，這是指(zhi)對大病費(fei)用的(de)承受能(neng)(neng)力，目前的(de)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)合(he)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)看病的(de)部(bu)分費(fei)用，一半(ban)左(zuo)右的(de)費(fei)用還需(xu)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)自己解決。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)自然屯超(chao)(chao)市(shi)普及率反映農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)水平(ping)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)消(xiao)費(fei)水平(ping)很低(di)時，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會有超(chao)(chao)市(shi)，而只(zhi)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)能(neng)(neng)力能(neng)(neng)滿足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)超(chao)(chao)市(shi)設立(li)的(de)成本(ben)回收(shou)界限，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)超(chao)(chao)市(shi)才會興旺起來。

(三)“鄉風文明”指標

包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)村人口受高(gao)中以(yi)上教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育比(bi)(bi)例、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)文(wen)化(hua)娛(yu)樂消費(fei)支出比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)、互(hu)聯網入戶(hu)率(lv)(lv)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村有(you)洗澡條(tiao)件的(de)(de)戶(hu)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)率(lv)(lv)。其中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村人口受高(gao)中以(yi)上教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育比(bi)(bi)例反(fan)映(ying)當地(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)受教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育水平。目前農(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)初(chu)中教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育已解決，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟社(she)會向縱(zong)深發(fa)展急需受高(gao)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)人才。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)文(wen)化(hua)娛(yu)樂消費(fei)支出比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)反(fan)映(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)文(wen)化(hua)娛(yu)樂水平，也(ye)是反(fan)映(ying)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)實(shi)際差距(ju)的(de)(de)指標(biao)。互(hu)聯網入戶(hu)率(lv)(lv)反(fan)映(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活的(de)(de)信息化(hua)程度。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村有(you)洗澡條(tiao)件的(de)(de)戶(hu)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)率(lv)(lv)是反(fan)映(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)文(wen)明程度的(de)(de)重(zhong)要指標(biao)，該指標(biao)看似簡單，實(shi)際影(ying)響廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)文(wen)明程度和農(nong)(nong)(nong)村風(feng)尚。

(四)“村容整潔”指(zhi)標

包括農(nong)戶(hu)衛生廁(ce)所比(bi)例、沼氣池數量(liang)占村(cun)民戶(hu)數比(bi)重、垃圾處理(li)(li)率、農(nong)村(cun)自(zi)來水(shui)普及率。這四個指標基本反(fan)映了農(nong)村(cun)基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設水(shui)平。通(tong)過農(nong)村(cun)基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設水(shui)平的不斷改善(shan)，達到提(ti)(ti)(ti)高農(nong)民生活水(shui)平，村(cun)容整潔的目的。其中，通(tong)過建(jian)立(li)衛生廁(ce)所和沼氣池及妥善(shan)處理(li)(li)生活垃圾，可改善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)人居(ju)環境，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高生活質(zhi)量(liang)，減少污(wu)染，保護環境。通(tong)過自(zi)來水(shui)普及率的提(ti)(ti)(ti)高，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升飲用水(shui)質(zhi)量(liang)，治理(li)(li)水(shui)源污(wu)染問題(ti)，逐(zhu)步解(jie)決農(nong)村(cun)人畜飲水(shui)問題(ti)。

(五(wu))“民(min)主管理”指(zhi)標(biao)

包(bao)括村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)級(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)、農(nong)民(min)(min)對(dui)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)務政(zheng)務公開(kai)(kai)的(de)滿意度(du)(du)(du)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)干(gan)部(bu)大(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)率(lv)、一事(shi)一議制度(du)(du)(du)普(pu)及率(lv)。其(qi)中，村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)級(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)是(shi)實現農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)主(zhu)管理(li)的(de)重要基礎(chu)，制定并公開(kai)(kai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)級(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)，使農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展(zhan)問題的(de)決策(ce)真正(zheng)受廣大(da)農(nong)民(min)(min)監督。農(nong)民(min)(min)對(dui)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)務政(zheng)務公開(kai)(kai)的(de)滿意度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)反(fan)映村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治的(de)重要指(zhi)標，也是(shi)落實村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自(zi)治的(de)重大(da)行動。村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)干(gan)部(bu)大(da)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)率(lv)是(shi)反(fan)映村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)干(gan)部(bu)素質的(de)重要指(zhi)標，能反(fan)映決策(ce)民(min)(min)主(zhu)化(hua)水平(ping)和決策(ce)科學(xue)(xue)化(hua)水平(ping)。一事(shi)一議制度(du)(du)(du)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)參與(yu)率(lv)反(fan)映農(nong)民(min)(min)參與(yu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)務管理(li)的(de)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)，反(fan)映農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)主(zhu)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)和民(min)(min)主(zhu)管理(li)水平(ping)。

五、新農村建設水平(ping)的評價方(fang)法(fa)

(一(yi))確定評價指標的標準值

新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)評(ping)價指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)分三個階(jie)段，設(she)(she)計時間(jian)是(shi)三個時段，這要(yao)與國(guo)(guo)家建設(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)會時間(jian)一致。需要(yao)說明的(de)是(shi)，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)會評(ping)價指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)是(shi)2003年(nian)制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)，考(kao)慮(lv)到我國(guo)(guo)經濟社(she)會發展水平的(de)新變化，這個依據2020年(nian)達(da)到全(quan)(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)水平而制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)會的(de)衡量標(biao)(biao)準，只能(neng)是(shi)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)準值(zhi)的(de)參(can)考(kao)，新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)評(ping)價指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)中，有(you)些指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的(de)標(biao)(biao)準值(zhi)不低于農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)水平。

(二)確定指標(biao)權(quan)重

采用(yong)層次分析法來確(que)(que)定(ding)各指(zhi)標的權(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)。權(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)的確(que)(que)定(ding)對(dui)整(zheng)個(ge)評價(jia)指(zhi)標體(ti)系(xi)起至關重(zhong)(zhong)要的作用(yong)。首先通過對(dui)新農村建設政策的理解，明確(que)(que)新農村建設的側重(zhong)(zhong)點，依此確(que)(que)定(ding)評價(jia)指(zhi)標體(ti)系(xi)中各指(zhi)標的權(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)。然后再根據實踐探索，通過層次分析、征求意見，最(zui)終確(que)(que)定(ding)整(zheng)個(ge)指(zhi)標體(ti)系(xi)權(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)。

(三)利用綜合法進行(xing)評(ping)價(jia)

計算步驟(zou)如(ru)下：第(di)一步：計算各(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)的分值，某項指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)分值：實際數(shu)／標(biao)(biao)準值。第(di)二(er)步：計算各(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)得分，各(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)得分=各(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)分值×權重系數(shu)。第(di)三步：得出新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設程度(du)，新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)建設程度(du)=各(ge)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)得分之(zhi)和。

六、需要說明的問題

(一)評價指標體系的適(shi)用范圍

新(xin)農村建設(she)是(shi)一項長期、系統(tong)的工程，點(dian)多面(mian)廣，內容復(fu)雜。由于各(ge)地農業發(fa)展水平不同，社會、人文(wen)、自然特點(dian)也不相同，即使建立一套全國通用的新(xin)農村建設(she)評價(jia)指標體系，地方(fang)也可(ke)以(yi)適當(dang)調整(zheng)和(he)補充。

因此，本(ben)文提出的(de)新農村建設評(ping)價指(zhi)標體(ti)系(xi)也是探索性的(de)，對某(mou)些(xie)地方的(de)村屯(tun)會有較(jiao)難(nan)的(de)操作性，仍(reng)有許多(duo)需要改進的(de)地方。

篇6

【關(guan)鍵詞】 農電工程 作用 前(qian)景

建(jian)(jian)設社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)是(shi)“十一五”時期(qi)加(jia)快我國(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)經濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)一項重(zhong)大舉措。社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)基本要求(qiu)是(shi)：生產發(fa)(fa)展、生活(huo)寬裕(yu)、鄉(xiang)風文明、村(cun)(cun)容整潔、管理民(min)主(zhu)。能源是(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)基礎。電(dian)(dian)與柴米油鹽一樣，是(shi)農(nong)民(min)生產、生活(huo)中不(bu)可或缺的(de)一部分(fen)，但是(shi)目前“有電(dian)(dian)用(yong)不(bu)上和有電(dian)(dian)用(yong)不(bu)起”的(de)問題(ti)還(huan)相當嚴重(zhong)，成(cheng)為(wei)影響社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)一個(ge)突出問題(ti)，也是(shi)制約農(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)一個(ge)瓶頸(jing)。一般來(lai)講，電(dian)(dian)能使用(yong)量的(de)多少(shao)，是(shi)一個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家生活(huo)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)標志之一。當前，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)如何才(cai)能發(fa)(fa)展好(hao)電(dian)(dian)力事業(ye)，怎(zen)樣才(cai)能利國(guo)(guo)利農(nong)，使電(dian)(dian)力工(gong)(gong)作更好(hao)地(di)服務于社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設，需要從農(nong)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程角(jiao)度加(jia)以解(jie)決，而(er)充分(fen)認識和解(jie)決農(nong)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)成(cheng)因、作用(yong)及前景等(deng)問題(ti)顯得(de)尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。

1.打(da)造堅強可靠的農村新(xin)電網工程，是社(she)會主義新(xin)農村建設的需(xu)要

國(guo)務院辦公廳曾在2011年5月轉(zhuan)發(fa)國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和改(gai)革委員會有(you)(you)關通知，要(yao)求各(ge)地和國(guo)務院有(you)(you)關部委在“十二(er)五”期(qi)間實施(shi)新(xin)一輪農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網改(gai)造升級(ji)工程(cheng)，加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)，滿足農(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活和農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產用電(dian)(dian)(dian)需求，進而加(jia)(jia)快改(gai)善農(nong)村(cun)民(min)(min)生(sheng)，縮小城鄉公共事業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)差(cha)距(ju)。根據中國(guo)政府網5月16日的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革委《關于(yu)實施(shi)新(xin)一輪農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網改(gai)造升級(ji)工程(cheng)的(de)意(yi)(yi)見》（以下(xia)簡稱為(wei)《意(yi)(yi)見》），“十二(er)五”期(qi)間，全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網普遍得到(dao)改(gai)造，農(nong)村(cun)居(ju)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活用電(dian)(dian)(dian)得到(dao)較好保(bao)障，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產用電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題基(ji)本解決，縣級(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)“代(dai)管體(ti)制”全(quan)面(mian)取消(xiao)，城鄉用電(dian)(dian)(dian)同網同價(jia)目標全(quan)面(mian)實現，基(ji)本建(jian)成安全(quan)可靠、節能環保(bao)、技術先(xian)進、管理規范(fan)的(de)新(xin)型農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網。

我國曾于(yu)1998年實施農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)、農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力管(guan)(guan)理體制改(gai)(gai)革、城鄉(xiang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)網(wang)同(tong)價(jia)政策，農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結(jie)構(gou)明顯增強，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)顯著提高，農村(cun)居(ju)民用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格大(da)幅降低(di)，為農村(cun)經濟社(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)創造(zao)(zao)了良好條件。新(xin)出臺(tai)的《意見》確(que)定了相(xiang)關工作重點：對(dui)未改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)地區的農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（包括(kuo)農場、林場及其(qi)他獨(du)立管(guan)(guan)理地區的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)），按照新(xin)的建(jian)設(she)標準和要求(qiu)(qiu)進行全面(mian)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)，徹底解決遺留(liu)的農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)未改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)問題；對(dui)已(yi)進行改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)，但(dan)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力需求(qiu)(qiu)快速(su)增長出現供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力不足、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)較(jiao)低(di)問題的農村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，按照新(xin)的建(jian)設(she)標準和要求(qiu)(qiu)實施升級改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量，實現城鄉(xiang)各類用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)網(wang)同(tong)價(jia)，進一步減輕農村(cun)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負擔(dan)等。

2.農(nong)電工程(cheng)在服(fu)務社會主義新(xin)農(nong)村建設中的(de)作用

2.1堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)科學發(fa)展觀，建(jian)(jian)設(she)滿足社會主義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)需要的(de)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)電(dian)網(wang) 建(jian)(jian)設(she)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)強(qiang)的(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)網(wang)，是促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟發(fa)展、農(nong)(nong)業增產、農(nong)(nong)民增收(shou)、提高農(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)活水平、改(gai)善農(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)態環境(jing)的(de)重要保障(zhang)，對建(jian)(jian)設(she)社會主義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)意義(yi)重大。要堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)科學發(fa)展觀，全面分析農(nong)(nong)電(dian)負荷(he)發(fa)展情況，建(jian)(jian)設(she)網(wang)絡堅(jian)(jian)(jian)強(qiang)、設(she)備先(xian)進(jin)、電(dian)能質量優良、供電(dian)可靠的(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)網(wang)，滿足農(nong)(nong)村(cun)不斷增長的(de)用電(dian)需求，促進(jin)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)協調、穩固(gu)發(fa)展。

2.2堅持以人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)，不斷深(shen)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)優(you)質服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she) 堅持以人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)，加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍建(jian)設(she)，認真(zhen)開展(zhan)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)道(dao)德教育，業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)培訓，不斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)意識(shi)和(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)。健全服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體系，建(jian)立(li)長(chang)效機制，規(gui)范服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)，完(wan)善服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流程(cheng)，創新(xin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方式(shi)，樹立(li)“民心(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)牌(pai)。積極搞好電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)“普遍”服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)“特殊”服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村用電(dian)(dian)(dian)享受到(dao)與城鎮同等(deng)的(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。堅持以人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)，通(tong)過系統培訓、技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)比武，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)在知識(shi)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)、品(pin)質等(deng)方面(mian)都得到(dao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)。深(shen)入(ru)開展(zhan)基層供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)創一流和(he)同業(ye)對標工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)綜合(he)實力(li)。推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)規(gui)范化(hua)建(jian)設(she)，牢(lao)固樹立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民、為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)思想(xiang)，從用電(dian)(dian)(dian)客戶最(zui)關心(xin)的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題入(ru)手，全面(mian)落實員工(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)“十個不準”、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)“十項承諾”，確保農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠率(lv)、居民端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)合(he)格率(lv)達到(dao)標準要求。加(jia)強供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)窗口建(jian)設(she)，完(wan)善常態服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)機制，為(wei)(wei)(wei)社會主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)優(you)質、高(gao)效的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。

2.3提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)(liang)，促進農(nong)(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)應水平(ping)的極(ji)(ji)大(da)提高(gao) 在實踐中不斷提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的科技含(han)量(liang)(liang)，在網(wang)絡(luo)建設中積(ji)極(ji)(ji)采用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)技術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)設備(bei)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，不斷提高(gao)網(wang)絡(luo)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)(liang)，滿(man)足(zu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)要求。強(qiang)化農(nong)(nong)村(cun)供(gong)(gong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理，提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)作質量(liang)(liang)，嚴格執行國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)價政(zheng)策，全面實行用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)“三公(gong)開”、“四到(dao)戶”、“五統(tong)(tong)一(yi)”管(guan)理。堅持(chi)“優(you)質、方(fang)(fang)便、規范、真(zhen)誠(cheng)”的服務(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)針，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)“民心(xin)工(gong)(gong)程”創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)服務(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，打造(zao)優(you)質服務(wu)(wu)品牌，全面兌現“十項服務(wu)(wu)”承諾。認真(zhen)做(zuo)好“戶戶通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)”工(gong)(gong)程，把其納入地方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)社(she)會(hui)主義新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設統(tong)(tong)一(yi)規劃。積(ji)極(ji)(ji)爭取(qu)各有關部門以及(ji)廣大(da)客(ke)戶的理解和(he)支持(chi)，克服困難，全力以赴(fu)，確保實現戶戶通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)目標(biao)。

3.農電工程(cheng)在新農村建設中的發展前(qian)景

篇7

按照鎮(zhen)黨委、政府的總體部(bu)署和要求，為搞好(hao)我村新農村建(jian)設(she)工作，特制定(ding)本方(fang)案。

一、指導思想

以科(ke)學發展觀為(wei)統領(ling)，以“生(sheng)(sheng)產發展、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富裕、村(cun)風文(wen)明(ming)、村(cun)容整(zheng)潔、管理民主(zhu)”為(wei)指針，以“三清(qing)、四改、五化”和文(wen)明(ming)村(cun)創建(jian)為(wei)切入(ru)點，以增(zeng)加農民收(shou)入(ru)、提高(gao)農民素質(zhi)和生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)質(zhi)量為(wei)根本，以“四新(xin)一(yi)好”為(wei)重點，把新(xin)農村(cun)建(jian)設作為(wei)解決我(wo)“三農”問題的新(xin)突破口和加強(qiang)村(cun)級組織建(jian)設的新(xin)載體，科(ke)學規劃、分(fen)步(bu)實(shi)施、整(zheng)體推(tui)進。

二、總體目標

­----農業產業經濟發展

1、擴大白瓜籽種植面積(ji)，發展優(you)勢產業(ye)項(xiang)目。預(yu)計2006年達到1500畝(mu)。并(bing)與(yu)收購方簽(qian)訂回收合同，以保護價收購。

2、依托山產(chan)(chan)(chan)品大(da)市場，鼓勵村民、大(da)力(li)發(fa)展食用(yong)菌產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，預計2006年達(da)到(dao)10萬(wan)袋(dai)(dai)，三年內(nei)力(li)爭達(da)到(dao)100萬(wan)袋(dai)(dai)，成為我村的(de)主導產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。

3、與雞西(xi)林源牧(mu)業合作開發養殖肉牛項目，加大肉牛發展規模。大力發展肉牛“放犢還牛”工程。2006年引進西(xi)門(men)塔爾品種肉牛500—1000頭。

4、加(jia)大(da)勞務輸出力(li)度，把(ba)更多(duo)的剩余勞動力(li)轉移出去。

5、項目(mu)建設(she)工作。根據(ju)洋草(cao)村畜(chu)牧業發展(zhan)(zhan)較快的情況，大(da)(da)力發展(zhan)(zhan)畜(chu)牧業，在畜(chu)牧業上大(da)(da)做文章。2006年(nian)與(yu)雞西(xi)林(lin)源牧業合作肉牛的養殖(zhi)項目(mu)發展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)500--1000頭，力爭三(san)年(nian)內發展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)3000頭，實現規(gui)模化養殖(zhi)，爭取(qu)更大(da)(da)效(xiao)益。

——農村(cun)人居環境優化。全(quan)面開展“三清(qing)、四改(gai)、五化”工作(zuo)，全(quan)村(cun)在今年(nian)(nian)內完(wan)成(cheng)“三清(qing)”工作(zuo)，“四改(gai)”工作(zuo)力(li)爭(zheng)借助生態家園沼氣建設項目進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步全(quan)面落(luo)實，2006年(nian)(nian)完(wan)成(cheng)“兩改(gai)”，沒完(wan)善的(de)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步完(wan)善，沒吃上(shang)自來水(shui)的(de)爭(zheng)取上(shang)面支持，今年(nian)(nian)能吃上(shang)放心水(shui)。村(cun)屯環境進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步改(gai)善，加大對(dui)道路等公共設施的(de)投入力(li)度，使村(cun)屯環境得到改(gai)善。

——農(nong)業(ye)(ye)保護體系完善。全村(cun)優勢產業(ye)(ye)農(nong)產品(pin)標準化生產達(da)到(dao)總量的(de)(de)70%以上。繼續推(tui)廣測土(tu)施肥(fei)技術，實施科學配方(fang)施肥(fei)和“三三輪耕”制度，盡最大可能(neng)保護土(tu)地資源的(de)(de)有效(xiao)利用。

——農(nong)村(cun)文明(ming)法制提升。加(jia)強公民(min)道德教(jiao)(jiao)育、未成年人思想道德教(jiao)(jiao)育和普法活(huo)動，各類宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)育覆蓋面要達到(dao)90%以上。以創建(jian)“文明(ming)村(cun)鎮(zhen)”、“新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)、新(xin)(xin)家庭”等活(huo)動為載體，開展建(jian)設文明(ming)村(cun)鎮(zhen)活(huo)動，營(ying)造(zao)安全(quan)和諧的生產生活(huo)環境。

——基層組織活力(li)增強(qiang)。按照“五個好”要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，穩(wen)步建設具有向心(xin)力(li)、凝聚力(li)、戰斗力(li)的(de)班(ban)(ban)子(zi)集體。配齊配強(qiang)村級班(ban)(ban)子(zi)，優化班(ban)(ban)子(zi)的(de)年(nian)齡、文化結(jie)構。拓(tuo)寬(kuan)發展(zhan)黨員渠道，優化農村黨員隊伍結(jie)構。黨建致富鏈活動扎實開展(zhan)，開展(zhan)率要(yao)(yao)達(da)到(dao)100%。

——民(min)主(zhu)管理機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)健(jian)全。建立(li)村(cun)級績效考評機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，全面(mian)推行(xing)村(cun)干部任期目標(biao)管理責任制(zhi)(zhi)和承(cheng)諾述諾制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，深(shen)入落(luo)實(shi)(shi)民(min)主(zhu)選舉、民(min)主(zhu)決(jue)策、民(min)主(zhu)管理和民(min)主(zhu)監督機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，切實(shi)(shi)推行(xing)“村(cun)黨支部領導、村(cun)代會決(jue)定、村(cun)委會執行(xing)”的(de)農村(cun)民(min)主(zhu)治理新模式(shi)，確(que)保村(cun)民(min)自治在法制(zhi)(zhi)化的(de)軌道(dao)有序(xu)運行(xing)。

三、實施步驟

按(an)照全市統(tong)一要求的時(shi)間步(bu)驟，結合洋草村(cun)的實際(ji)情況，采取有效(xiao)措施，高(gao)標準啟動社會主義新農村(cun)建(jian)設，為下步(bu)工作奠定扎實基礎。

（一）調查(cha)準備階段(duan)（2006年3月(yue)(yue)至4月(yue)(yue)）

1、成立機構，落實責(ze)任(ren)。成立以支部(bu)書記為組長(chang)的新農村建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領導小組，安排專職工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)推進新農村建(jian)設(she)(she)，明確工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職責(ze)。

2、調查摸底，掌(zhang)握(wo)實(shi)情。村(cun)(cun)(cun)干部深入村(cun)(cun)(cun)組，全面(mian)了(le)解(jie)各村(cun)(cun)(cun)道(dao)路、住房、廁所(suo)、環境衛生、村(cun)(cun)(cun)情村(cun)(cun)(cun)貌等(deng)情況。對照新農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設的要求，謀劃村(cun)(cun)(cun)屯(tun)建設和產業發展思路。

（二(er)）啟動實施階段(duan)（2006年4月至10月）

1、宣傳(chuan)發動(dong)，營(ying)造氛圍。制訂實施方案(an)，召開(kai)新(xin)農(nong)村建設動(dong)員會，專門部署，迅速啟動(dong)，形成合力推進的氛圍。利用廣(guang)播、標(biao)語、宣傳(chuan)欄、下發宣傳(chuan)材料(liao)、集中培(pei)訓(xun)等形式，深入(ru)到農(nong)戶進行宣傳(chuan)。

2、因地制(zhi)宜，規劃設計。在搞好調查摸底的基礎上，因地制(zhi)宜，搞好村屯建(jian)設、產業發展、經(jing)濟帶(dai)和景觀(guan)帶(dai)的規劃設計。

3、集(ji)(ji)中力量，穩(wen)步(bu)推開。在3至(zhi)(zhi)6月(yue)集(ji)(ji)中開展以“三清(qing)”為重點的村屯環境(jing)整(zheng)治(zhi)活動。7月(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)10月(yue)集(ji)(ji)中開展以“四改”、“五化”為核心(xin)的村基礎建設(she)工作。

三、推進措施

新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)是一(yi)項功在當代、利在千秋(qiu)的惠民(min)、富民(min)工程。要切實增強做好(hao)建(jian)設(she)社會主(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)各項工作的自覺性(xing)和堅(jian)定性(xing)，積極、全面(mian)、扎(zha)實地(di)把(ba)建(jian)設(she)社會主(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)的重大(da)歷史任(ren)務落到實處。

篇8

一、項目基本情況

耿武(wu)村(cun)(cun)位于(yu)仲興鄉(xiang)西北部(bu)，全村(cun)(cun)632戶，2607人(ren)，有9個自然(ran)莊，總面(mian)(mian)積8800畝(mu)，其中村(cun)(cun)莊占(zhan)地1900余畝(mu)，通過土地整理和新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，將原有9個自然(ran)莊拆(chai)并為耿武(wu)、雙丁、歐(ou)莊三個新區，需拆(chai)遷(qian)600戶，拆(chai)遷(qian)面(mian)(mian)積11.3萬平(ping)方米(mi)，新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)農(nong)(nong)民新居600套，85000平(ping)方米(mi)，規劃占(zhan)地280畝(mu)，新增(zeng)耕(geng)地1600多畝(mu)，耿武(wu)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)采取以“村(cun)(cun)民為主(zhu)，村(cun)(cun)級(ji)負責(ze)，鄉(xiang)級(ji)指導”和“科學(xue)規劃，統一建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，配(pei)套齊全，節約耕(geng)地，突出特色(se)”的原則，高(gao)標準、高(gao)起點建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。耿武(wu)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)由省城鄉(xiang)規劃設(she)計(ji)院設(she)計(ji)，上海瑞成建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑有限責(ze)任公司承建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，計(ji)劃該項目于(yu)2011年(nian)上半年(nian)全部(bu)完成。

二、采取主要措施

土(tu)地整(zheng)理是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建設(she)的(de)龍頭，為(wei)(wei)抓好(hao)該項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)順利實(shi)施，鄉黨委(wei)成(cheng)立了(le)以孟慶偉書記為(wei)(wei)總指(zhi)揮(hui)、朱衛(wei)生鄉長為(wei)(wei)常務副(fu)指(zhi)揮(hui)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)，下(xia)設(she)建設(she)組(zu)、摸底(di)調查組(zu)、宣傳工(gong)作組(zu)、后勤(qin)保障組(zu)和(he)(he)工(gong)作辦公室，加強對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作領(ling)導(dao)，分管領(ling)導(dao)和(he)(he)班(ban)子成(cheng)員(yuan)具體抓好(hao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)施。

（一） 認真(zhen)勘測、科(ke)學(xue)規(gui)劃(hua)。縣國土(tu)部門邀請省(sheng)規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)院(yuan)和南京規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)院(yuan)分(fen)別(bie)對(dui)村莊土(tu)地進行(xing)現狀測量、制(zhi)圖和制(zhi)定復耕規(gui)劃(hua)。遵(zun)照“田成方，林(lin)成行(xing)，路相通，溝成網(wang)，旱能灌，澇能排”的項目要求，根據實際科(ke)學(xue)設(she)計(ji)出田塊、水系、路網(wang)，便于灌溉和機(ji)械化作業。

（二(er)） 加強引導，尊(zun)重民意(yi)。通過對項目區(qu)所(suo)有群(qun)眾進行(xing)宣(xuan)傳動員和征求(qiu)意(yi)見，組織干部黨員和群(qun)眾代表三次(ci)到肥東、肥西(xi)和長豐等地學習(xi)考察(cha)，98%以上群(qun)眾均表示支持此項工(gong)作。

（三）做好基(ji)礎性(xing)工作(zuo)。在工作(zuo)組指(zhi)導下，組織村民對村莊(zhuang)整理前田塊、宅基(ji)地(di)(di)等進行(xing)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)登記，重(zhong)新確認，對地(di)(di)面附著物，主要是(shi)房屋進行(xing)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)和(he)登記，排查矛盾，解決糾紛，為此后補償和(he)土地(di)(di)流(liu)轉打下堅實的基(ji)礎。

（四）精心施(shi)工(gong)、保證質量(liang)。嚴格按照圖紙設計施(shi)工(gong)，三個新區統一建設，均安排監理人(ren)員入駐，組(zu)織(zhi)群眾代表(biao)現場監督(du)，確保工(gong)程進度和質量(liang)。

（五(wu)）公平分(fen)(fen)配，消除(chu)隱患。在實施(shi)方(fang)案中明確了(le)整理(li)出(chu)的土地和新建農民新居(ju)分(fen)(fen)配原則和方(fang)法。根據村民實際，除(chu)公共設施(shi)及戶(hu)均宅基(ji)地占用外，整理(li)出(chu)土地重新分(fen)(fen)配，界定(ding)土地權屬(shu)，由村民簽字確認，統一流轉(zhuan)，即“帳分(fen)(fen)、地不分(fen)(fen)”。對農民新居(ju)分(fen)(fen)配按房型(xing)結構(gou)實行抓鬮(jiu)分(fen)(fen)配，消除(chu)人為因(yin)素(su)。

三、關于新村建設

根據(ju)群眾(zhong)意愿和實際，確立了耿武、雙丁、歐莊三個規(gui)(gui)劃新區，以“農(nong)村(cun)特色、城鎮(zhen)標準、皖(wan)北新村(cun)”為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti)，以“宜農(nong)、宜居、宜游、怡(yi)人(ren)”為(wei)(wei)目標，以“政府引導、群眾(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)體”為(wei)(wei)原則，在規(gui)(gui)劃上，彰顯人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)和諧(xie)統一(yi)。水、電、路、綠化、環(huan)保(bao)等(deng)基礎設(she)施完(wan)善(shan)，文化活動中(zhong)心，教(jiao)育醫(yi)療衛(wei)生、商業(ye)服(fu)務、休閑(xian)娛樂、老年公寓等(deng)功能齊全。目前老年公寓建設(she)完(wan)成(cheng)。

在(zai)建(jian)設上嚴格按照規劃設計精心(xin)施工(gong)，新建(jian)二層(ceng)樓房600套，單套面積158平方米(mi)，并設有后院、方便農(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)產生(sheng)活，比較符合(he)本地特點。600套農(nong)(nong)民新居正抓緊(jin)建(jian)設，100套主體(ti)工(gong)程已經完(wan)成，預(yu)計明年4月(yue)份將全部完(wan)工(gong)。

四、關于(yu)農業(ye)產業(ye)調(diao)整

該村原來是國家土(tu)地治理項(xiang)目(mu)，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎設施完善(shan)，加上這次土(tu)地整理，符合現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)要(yao)求的基(ji)本條(tiao)件。在項(xiang)目(mu)上將(jiang)著重發展(zhan)特(te)色(se)種植業(ye)(ye)和養殖業(ye)(ye)，規劃將(jiang)整理出1900畝土(tu)地化為特(te)色(se)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)區(qu)、現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)試驗(yan)區(qu)等兩個功(gong)能區(qu)，提高(gao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效益(yi)和社會(hui)效益(yi)。

五、關于土地復墾

根(gen)據縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)要求，保障(zhang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)重點工程用地(di)，在雙丁、耿(geng)武(wu)、小薛家(jia)三個自然莊實施邊建設、邊拆(chai)(chai)遷、邊復(fu)墾，目前已拆(chai)(chai)遷82戶，砍伐(fa)樹木1.8萬棵，在拆(chai)(chai)遷方面：堅持走群眾路線(xian)，站(zhan)在農(nong)民的(de)角(jiao)度考慮問題，根(gen)據農(nong)民意(yi)(yi)愿(yuan)辦事情(qing)，采取農(nong)戶申請，村(cun)委(wei)(wei)會(hui)同意(yi)(yi)，鄉政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)獎勵，并簽訂自愿(yuan)拆(chai)(chai)遷協(xie)議書，由農(nong)戶自行拆(chai)(chai)遷。對于拆(chai)(chai)遷有困難(nan)的(de)，村(cun)委(wei)(wei)會(hui)予以一定的(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)，形成(cheng)“拆(chai)(chai)遷戶舒心，干部順心，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)放(fang)心”農(nong)村(cun)拆(chai)(chai)遷新模式(shi)，從而(er)確保拆(chai)(chai)遷方面完(wan)(wan)全尊重民意(yi)(yi)，不僅完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)下達300畝的(de)土地(di)復(fu)墾任務，而(er)且(qie)還(huan)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了740畝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)重點工程用地(di)指標。

雖(sui)然該項(xiang)目任務(wu)重，資金缺，工作量大(da)，風險(xian)高，難度大(da)，政策性(xing)強，但在(zai)鄉村兩級干(gan)部的努力下，在(zai)群眾的廣泛參與下，從(cong)規劃設(she)計(ji)到實(shi)施建設(she)，每一個(ge)環節(jie)，每一個(ge)細節(jie)都征求農民意見，按(an)農民意愿和(he)要求修(xiu)正和(he)整改，確確實(shi)實(shi)讓群眾滿意。

六、幾點啟示與思考

1、新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)設必須以政(zheng)策與愿景宣傳為前提：新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村相(xiang)關政(zheng)策宣傳及規(gui)劃愿景宣傳，是提高農(nong)民參與新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)設積極性(xing)關鍵，讓(rang)農(nong)民了解政(zheng)策，掌握政(zheng)策，得到實惠，看到希望。

2、新(xin)農村建(jian)設(she)(she)是一項復雜工程，加強領(ling)(ling)導與協調(diao)是新(xin)農村建(jian)設(she)(she)的必要條件。因此，要求較(jiao)高職(zhi)位縣級領(ling)(ling)導主抓新(xin)農村建(jian)設(she)(she)，及(ji)時(shi)協調(diao)解決新(xin)農村建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)出現(xian)的各種問題。

3、新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)涉及到方(fang)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)，資(zi)金(jin)需求量較大，像耿(geng)武村(cun)600戶(hu)，整(zheng)村(cun)推進整(zheng)個項(xiang)目(mu)需要資(zi)金(jin)約1個億，如何解(jie)決資(zi)金(jin)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)是建(jian)(jian)設(she)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)的(de)關鍵問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)必須(xu)進行(xing)項(xiang)目(mu)整(zheng)合、多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)投(tou)入、社會多(duo)方(fang)參與，方(fang)能解(jie)決資(zi)金(jin)投(tou)入問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。耿(geng)武村(cun)是以(yi)土(tu)地(di)整(zheng)理(li)項(xiang)目(mu)為(wei)龍頭，依縣政(zheng)府文件規定(ding)，按凈增耕地(di)采取(qu)以(yi)獎(jiang)代補方(fang)式解(jie)決農(nong)民新(xin)居建(jian)(jian)設(she)啟動資(zi)金(jin)，同(tong)時(shi)選擇較為(wei)實(shi)力建(jian)(jian)筑商墊付一部分，確(que)保農(nong)民新(xin)居順(shun)利(li)建(jian)(jian)成。關于新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)基(ji)礎設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)資(zi)金(jin)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，在道(dao)路方(fang)面(mian)(mian)采取(qu)一事一議爭(zheng)取(qu)財政(zheng)補貼，供(gong)(gong)電問(wen)(wen)題(ti)采取(qu)申報農(nong)電整(zheng)改(gai)項(xiang)目(mu)爭(zheng)取(qu)供(gong)(gong)電部門(men)支(zhi)持，自(zi)來水問(wen)(wen)題(ti)采取(qu)申請(qing)國家安全飲水工程項(xiang)目(mu)，水利(li)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)采取(qu)申請(qing)水利(li)項(xiang)目(mu)，現代農(nong)業建(jian)(jian)設(she)申請(qing)國家標準化(hua)農(nong)田建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)。所有這些都得上級部門(men)支(zhi)持和(he)鄉村(cun)兩級積極爭(zheng)取(qu)才能實(shi)現理(li)想目(mu)標。

4、舊村拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)徹底、農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)搬遷(qian)(qian)(qian)新居是新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設成功標志(zhi)之一(yi)。拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)關系到農(nong)(nong)民(min)的切身利益，操作不(bu)好(hao)會引發(fa)(fa)各(ge)種矛盾(dun)發(fa)(fa)生，甚至(zhi)誘發(fa)(fa)社(she)會不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)因(yin)(yin)素，更甚導致新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設失敗(bai)，造成嚴重社(she)會問題，給政府(fu)背上沉重負擔。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，拆(chai)舊工(gong)作一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)結合實(shi)際(ji)，反復討論(lun)，廣泛(fan)征求農(nong)(nong)民(min)意見，科(ke)學(xue)合理制定(ding)拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)方案(an)和(he)補助方式，公(gong)平(ping)、公(gong)正(zheng)、公(gong)開，營造良好(hao)拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)氛圍。農(nong)(nong)民(min)配合拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)，農(nong)(nong)民(min)自愿拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)，杜絕強行拆(chai)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)，確保好(hao)事(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)，干(gan)成事(shi)、不(bu)出事(shi)。

篇9

建(jian)(jian)設社(she)會(hui)主義新農(nong)村是(shi)中央統(tong)攬全局、著眼長遠、與(yu)時俱(ju)進做出的(de)重大決(jue)(jue)策(ce)，是(shi)一項不但惠及億(yi)萬農(nong)民、而且(qie)關系國家長治久安的(de)戰略舉(ju)措(cuo)。中央提出建(jian)(jian)設社(she)會(hui)主義新農(nong)村，目的(de)就是(shi)要從根本上解決(jue)(jue)“三農(nong)”問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。“三農(nong)”問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)核心(xin)是(shi)農(nong)民問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，解決(jue)(jue)農(nong)業和(he)農(nong)村問(wen)題(ti)(ti)應(ying)緊緊圍繞惠農(nong)富農(nong)來(lai)進行。推進新農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設，應(ying)完整準確地理解中央決(jue)(jue)策(ce)的(de)科(ke)學內(nei)涵，準確把握新農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設的(de)客觀趨勢(shi)和(he)發展規(gui)律，要深入貫徹和(he)全面落(luo)實《中央關于(yu)推進社(she)會(hui)主義新農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設的(de)若干意見》，因勢(shi)利導，推進新農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設的(de)順利啟(qi)動和(he)扎(zha)實開展。

推(tui)(tui)進(jin)社(she)會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)應堅(jian)持繁榮經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、富裕(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)。新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)不(bu)能完全依靠外力推(tui)(tui)動，必須以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、富裕(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)為基(ji)礎(chu)。近年來，一(yi)些地(di)方(fang)牢(lao)牢(lao)抓(zhua)住(zhu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)這個最為根本(ben)的(de)(de)環節(jie)，積(ji)(ji)極探(tan)索內源式發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新(xin)路子，有(you)力推(tui)(tui)動了新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)順利(li)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。江蘇的(de)(de)華西村(cun)(cun)(cun)通過大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)集體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、扶持鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、實施(shi)“注(zhu)(zhu)重激勵，兼顧公平”的(de)(de)分配(pei)制度(du)、培(pei)養和(he)(he)引進(jin)高素質人才等(deng)措施(shi)，從(cong)一(yi)個以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)為主的(de)(de)小村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工商(shang)并舉、年銷售收入(ru)達幾百億元的(de)(de)富裕(yu)(yu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。黑(hei)龍(long)江省的(de)(de)興(xing)十四村(cun)(cun)(cun)，始終注(zhu)(zhu)重發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)育特色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)副(fu)產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)(jia)工產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，相繼(ji)建成(cheng)35家具有(you)較強實力的(de)(de)龍(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)人均收入(ru)1.3萬元，80%的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)住(zhu)上了別墅，成(cheng)為以(yi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶動新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)典型。應認真借鑒這些成(cheng)功(gong)經(jing)(jing)驗，堅(jian)持以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為中心，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)解(jie)放(fang)和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力，通過壯(zhuang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入(ru)，不(bu)斷增強新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)內在動力。堅(jian)持產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)營、標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、社(she)會(hui)化(hua)(hua)服務，加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)構戰略性調(diao)整，大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科技進(jin)步(bu)，培(pei)育優(you)質糧(liang)食、綠色(se)食品、畜(chu)牧(mu)等(deng)特色(se)優(you)勢產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)斷壯(zhuang)大勞務經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，積(ji)(ji)極發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)外向型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)二、三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，積(ji)(ji)極發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)民(min)(min)營企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，拓寬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增收渠道。加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，規(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)(she)一(yi)批(pi)具有(you)影(ying)響力和(he)(he)牽動力的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)項目，加(jia)(jia)快推(tui)(tui)進(jin)優(you)質農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)優(you)勢農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)帶建設(she)(she)。培(pei)育壯(zhuang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)(jia)工銷售龍(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)副(fu)產(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)要素市(shi)場體系，積(ji)(ji)極發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機合作社(she)等(deng)為重點(dian)的(de)(de)各(ge)類新(xin)型合作組(zu)織，提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)程度(du)。

推進社(she)會主(zhu)義新農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)應把(ba)調整和(he)優化(hua)布局(ju)作為前(qian)提(ti)，堅持分類指導、協調發展。在(zai)新農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應當(dang)充分考(kao)慮各類鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際情(qing)況，因地制宜、分類指導，尊重(zhong)自然(ran)規律(lv)(lv)、經濟(ji)規律(lv)(lv)和(he)社(she)會發展規律(lv)(lv)，把(ba)握長遠(yuan)發展趨勢(shi)，從整體(ti)上調整和(he)優化(hua)新農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)布局(ju)。如果不考(kao)慮各種現實(shi)(shi)條件(jian)和(he)客觀趨勢(shi)，一(yi)哄而上，必然(ran)事與愿違。前(qian)些(xie)年，個別地方在(zai)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，對各村(cun)(cun)(cun)屯(tun)(tun)普(pu)遍投資(zi)，平均用力(li)，而在(zai)短短幾年內由于行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)大幅度撤并，造(zao)成了(le)大量(liang)資(zi)金的(de)浪費。應認真汲取(qu)這(zhe)些(xie)教訓(xun)，緊(jin)密結合當(dang)地實(shi)(shi)際，按照“撤并自然(ran)屯(tun)(tun)、建設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)、發展小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”的(de)思路，加(jia)快推進小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、城(cheng)郊村(cun)(cun)(cun)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)以(yi)及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)社(she)區化(hua)建設(she)(she)和(he)改造(zao)，努力(li)構筑“縣(xian)（市）城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)——重(zhong)點鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)——一(yi)般鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)”的(de)三級新村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)體(ti)系。

推(tui)進社會(hui)主義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)應(ying)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)，堅持(chi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)聯動(dong)、以(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)促鄉(xiang)。國(guo)外經(jing)驗證明(ming)，從農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)國(guo)走向工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)，必然伴隨著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人口的大量減少(shao)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的大面積衰(shuai)亡(wang)。我國(guo)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)也(ye)是在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)進程不斷(duan)加(jia)快的大背景下(xia)進行的，從改(gai)革(ge)開放之初到上(shang)世紀末(mo)，每年(nian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)率提(ti)高0.7個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，本世紀初的幾年(nian)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)率年(nian)均提(ti)高1.4個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。按照全面建設(she)小康社會(hui)的目標，到2020年(nian)我國(guo)基(ji)本完(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)進程，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)率將達(da)到70%以(yi)上(shang)，比(bi)現在(zai)提(ti)高近(jin)30個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，15年(nian)內(nei)現有(you)(you)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)將至(zhi)少(shao)有(you)(you)50%走向消(xiao)亡(wang)。應(ying)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)這(zhe)一(yi)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)，通過(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)互動(dong)、以(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)促鄉(xiang)，加(jia)快推(tui)進新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)。制(zhi)定和(he)完(wan)善相關優惠政(zheng)策，打(da)破城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)差別和(he)身份界限(xian)，積極創造便利(li)條件，引導相當數量的農(nong)(nong)(nong)民向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)轉移。結(jie)合改(gai)造“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中村(cun)(cun)”和(he)棚(peng)戶區，建設(she)符合農(nong)(nong)(nong)民購買力(li)標準的經(jing)濟適用住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)，并適度(du)減免(mian)土(tu)地出讓金(jin)和(he)配套費用，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安家創造條件。加(jia)快戶籍(ji)制(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)，降(jiang)低城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)門檻(jian)，吸(xi)引農(nong)(nong)(nong)民入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)落戶、購房(fang)(fang)、就學、經(jing)商(shang)。深化(hua)醫療、社會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)等各(ge)項改(gai)革(ge)，使進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民公平(ping)地享(xiang)受與市(shi)(shi)民同等醫療保(bao)險、失業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)險和(he)最低生活保(bao)障(zhang)，并允(yun)許進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民享(xiang)受原有(you)(you)的合作醫療和(he)義(yi)(yi)務教(jiao)育補助等基(ji)本扶持(chi)政(zheng)策。

推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)應(ying)高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準搞(gao)好(hao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜、突出特色。制(zhi)定(ding)一個(ge)切合實(shi)(shi)(shi)際、高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準、高(gao)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，是搞(gao)好(hao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。最(zui)近(jin)，中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大學人(ren)文與發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)學院對(dui)中(zhong)部地(di)(di)區(qu)34個(ge)，西部地(di)(di)區(qu)17個(ge)，東部地(di)(di)區(qu)23個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)設(she)施和(he)(he)(he)公共服(fu)務設(she)施現狀進(jin)行(xing)了入(ru)村(cun)(cun)入(ru)戶調(diao)查。調(diao)查發(fa)(fa)(fa)現，目前沒有做(zuo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)莊占到總(zong)(zong)調(diao)查數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)99％。即使個(ge)別村(cun)(cun)莊有規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，也不完全符合《村(cun)(cun)莊規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)標(biao)(biao)準》，或缺(que)乏前瞻性(xing)(xing)，或貪(tan)大求(qiu)高(gao)。因此，在新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)啟動(dong)(dong)之際，應(ying)把(ba)科學制(zhi)定(ding)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)為(wei)首要(yao)任務，堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)以發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)濟(ji)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)持(chi)(chi)續增收；堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)從實(shi)(shi)(shi)際出發(fa)(fa)(fa)，尊(zun)重農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)意(yi)愿(yuan)，不搞(gao)形式主(zhu)義(yi)，注(zhu)重實(shi)(shi)(shi)際效(xiao)果；堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)科學規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，分類指導，試(shi)點(dian)(dian)示(shi)范，逐步推進(jin)；堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)以人(ren)為(wei)為(wei)本，著力解(jie)決群(qun)眾最(zui)關心(xin)、最(zui)直接、最(zui)現實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)問題；堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)區(qu)域(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)一體化(hua)思想(xiang)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮各方(fang)面積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)，使建設(she)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)成為(wei)全社會廣泛參與的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)。按照上述原則，規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)編制(zhi)要(yao)做(zuo)到高(gao)起點(dian)(dian)、高(gao)標(biao)(biao)準、高(gao)層次，真(zhen)正體現“新(xin)(xin)(xin)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，確保超前性(xing)(xing)、科學性(xing)(xing)、可行(xing)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)藝(yi)術性(xing)(xing)。市（地(di)(di)）級規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)重點(dian)(dian)強調(diao)總(zong)(zong)體布局和(he)(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)育，縣（市）級政(zheng)府要(yao)聘請規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)家，針對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際為(wei)所轄村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)設(she)計幾種不同(tong)方(fang)案，作(zuo)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)藍(lan)本。鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)有針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)選擇(ze)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)藍(lan)本，根據實(shi)(shi)(shi)際制(zhi)定(ding)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施方(fang)案。重點(dian)(dian)村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)做(zuo)好(hao)近(jin)期詳細規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，確定(ding)示(shi)范點(dian)(dian)，啟動(dong)(dong)建設(she)工程。注(zhu)意(yi)搞(gao)好(hao)各部門和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)項規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)總(zong)(zong)體規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接，形成完整配套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)體系(xi)。

篇10

黨的(de)(de)十(shi)六屆五(wu)中(zhong)全會(hui)、2006年中(zhong)央1號文件和“十(shi)一五(wu)”規(gui)劃(hua)提出，“建設(she)社會(hui)主義新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)我國現代化進程中(zhong)的(de)(de)重大(da)歷史任(ren)務，要(yao)按照生(sheng)產發(fa)展、生(sheng)活寬裕、鄉風文明、村(cun)(cun)(cun)容整潔、管(guan)理民主的(de)(de)要(yao)求，扎(zha)實(shi)穩步地加以(yi)推(tui)進。”加強小城(cheng)鎮規(gui)劃(hua)和整治(zhi)，改善農村(cun)(cun)(cun)人居環(huan)境(jing)，改變村(cun)(cun)(cun)容村(cun)(cun)(cun)貌，是(shi)(shi)新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)的(de)(de)重要(yao)任(ren)務之(zhi)一。規(gui)劃(hua)與建筑的(de)(de)緊密結合(he)其重要(yao)性是(shi)(shi)必然的(de)(de)，要(yao)突出規(gui)劃(hua)在新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，用(yong)科學的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)指導新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)健康(kang)發(fa)展。

一(yi)、規(gui)劃是龍(long)頭，規(gui)劃要(yao)先(xian)(xian)行，新農(nong)村建(jian)設(she)要(yao)先(xian)(xian)有建(jian)設(she)規(gui)劃

在(zai)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)，要(yao)充分發(fa)展建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)部門在(zai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)莊整治中(zhong)的(de)作用(yong)，強化規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)龍頭(tou)地(di)位(wei)，立足規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)先行，因地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜，結合(he)實際，在(zai)現有基礎上(shang)科學(xue)制(zhi)(zhi)定新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，做(zuo)到(dao)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)到(dao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、到(dao)屯，并(bing)與鄉（鎮）、場(chang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)和(he)土地(di)利用(yong)總體規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)等相銜接。編制(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)要(yao)堅持(chi)(chi)專業人員(yuan)和(he)群眾(zhong)(zhong)相結合(he)，廣泛聽取基層干部群眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)意(yi)見和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)議，內容要(yao)全面，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)要(yao)突出，注重(zhong)體現民俗(su)風情，展示民族特色。在(zai)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)基礎上(shang)科學(xue)研究項目和(he)有效載體，確(que)保新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)扎實穩步推進(jin)。根據(ju)不同的(de)特點(dian)(dian)和(he)要(yao)求，我(wo)們把(ba)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)放在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎設(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)上(shang)，使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)各項功能更加(jia)完善，才能更體現農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)新。在(zai)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)中(zhong)我(wo)們堅持(chi)(chi)了高(gao)起點(dian)(dian)、高(gao)標準、高(gao)質量原則，突出了先導(dao)性(xing)、基礎性(xing)和(he)綜合(he)性(xing)。為推進(jin)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)奠(dian)定了堅實的(de)基礎。

二、以人為本，整治村容(rong)，新農村建設(she)要改(gai)善人居環(huan)境(jing)

我縣農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)居(ju)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)現(xian)狀仍然較差，住(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)磚瓦化率不足(zu)40%；由于歷史遺留(liu)問題(ti)(ti)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)住(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)呈現(xian)建設布局亂的(de)(de)局面。一些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)隨(sui)意(yi)建房(fang)(fang)，建新屋不拆舊宅，有新房(fang)(fang)無新村(cun)，造成用地浪費(fei)。近幾年(nian)來(lai)，加強了村(cun)鎮規劃編制工(gong)作(zuo)，在優惠政策(ce)的(de)(de)引(yin)導(dao)下(xia)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)按規劃建設磚瓦化住(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)和節能房(fang)(fang)，住(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)條(tiao)件有了較大改(gai)觀，但農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)(wei)生還(huan)很(hen)差，存在很(hen)多不容忽視的(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)。因此，新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設首要(yao)(yao)(yao)問題(ti)(ti)是改(gai)善(shan)人(ren)(ren)居(ju)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。改(gai)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)居(ju)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)實際出(chu)發(fa)，統籌規劃、分類(lei)指(zhi)導(dao)、體全(quan)機制、穩步推(tui)進。縣域城鎮體系規劃要(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)改(gai)善(shan)人(ren)(ren)居(ju)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)提供依據，建設部門要(yao)(yao)(yao)引(yin)導(dao)推(tui)廣適(shi)用的(de)(de)新技術，加強對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)房(fang)(fang)建設的(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)和管理(li)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)(wei)生綜合治(zhi)理(li)力(li)度(du)，整治(zhi)村(cun)容村(cun)貌。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)居(ju)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)改(gai)善(shan)是個漸進的(de)(de)過程，一家要(yao)(yao)(yao)以生產(chan)發(fa)展為(wei)本，以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民持續增(zeng)收為(wei)基礎，一切從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)實際出(chu)發(fa)，尊重農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)意(yi)愿，走低成本、低資源消耗(hao)、不加重農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民負擔(dan)、以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民為(wei)主的(de)(de)村(cun)鎮整治(zhi)路子，為(wei)我縣新村(cun)建設全(quan)面進步服務。

三、因地制宜，突出特色，新農村建(jian)設(she)(she)要加強基礎設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)

要(yao)充分利用我縣(xian)現有的(de)(de)(de)資源，因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜，突(tu)出特(te)(te)色，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。現在(zai)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)普遍存(cun)在(zai)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)相對(dui)落后于整體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)現象，道(dao)路不(bu)暢(chang)通(tong)，沒(mei)有排水設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，沒(mei)有科技文化(hua)(hua)場所和(he)休閑、娛樂的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共場所，這此問題，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)各項事業的(de)(de)(de)發展。因(yin)此，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)著手(shou)進行基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。加(jia)強(qiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，要(yao)按(an)照建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)規劃堅持以加(jia)快村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)基礎(chu)(chu)配(pei)套設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工作為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)、政府投入為(wei)(wei)主、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民積極(ji)參(can)與、社(she)會(hui)(hui)廣(guang)泛支持的(de)(de)(de)原則，全面加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。首(shou)先(xian)，要(yao)根據(ju)村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)原有基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)，突(tu)出不(bu)同村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同特(te)(te)色，按(an)照因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜、適度超前、一步(bu)到位的(de)(de)(de)原則，科學規劃、分步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)、逐步(bu)完(wan)(wan)善。其次，要(yao)高標準(zhun)改造并完(wan)(wan)善鎮(zhen)(zhen)內供(gong)水、排水、電(dian)力(li)、電(dian)信(xin)、交通(tong)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)貿市場、文化(hua)(hua)教育(yu)、醫(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)生(sheng)、環(huan)保、消防等配(pei)套設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，全面加(jia)強(qiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)內小街基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，發揮鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)龍頭帶動作用。第三，要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、完(wan)(wan)善機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，積極(ji)尋(xun)求并探索重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)中心鎮(zhen)(zhen)生(sheng)態環(huan)境、交通(tong)秩(zhi)序(xu)、社(she)會(hui)(hui)治安(an)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)容(rong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)貌等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)途徑、新(xin)(xin)舉措(cuo)，形成社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)格局。