新農村建設家鄉的變化范文

時間:2024-01-09 17:47:52

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新農村建設家鄉的變化

篇1

早晨,我走在上學(xue)的(de)路(lu)上,親眼見證(zheng)著一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)高樓拔地(di)而(er)起,我的(de)心情無比(bi)爽快。腳下(xia)踏(ta)著平(ping)坦的(de)柏油馬路(lu)。以前(qian)那崎(qi)嶇不平(ping)的(de)公路(lu)早就不見了(le)蹤影。路(lu)兩旁(pang)的(de)綠(lv)化帶(dai)像(xiang)兩條長長的(de)綢帶(dai),延(yan)伸(shen)到遠方。松(song)樹像(xiang)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)挺直了(le)腰板的(de)戰士,花(hua)叢像(xiang)婀娜(na)的(de)少女。比(bi)起以前(qian)路(lu)兩旁(pang)的(de)殘(can)肢(zhi)敗柳,真是讓人心情舒暢。

我上學的(de)這條路兩旁,還有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多做小生意的(de)人們(men)(men)。他(ta)們(men)(men)以前都是只靠種(zhong)地賺(zhuan)錢(qian)的(de),現在(zai)也經(jing)營(ying)起了(le)農副產(chan)品(pin)。你看他(ta)們(men)(men)每個人都笑得多開(kai)心啊!人們(men)(men)賺(zhuan)的(de)錢(qian)多了(le),生活(huo)(huo)富裕(yu)了(le),對(dui)生活(huo)(huo)的(de)要求也高了(le)。你瞧,路兩旁有(you)(you)(you)開(kai)飯店的(de),有(you)(you)(you)賣家(jia)用(yong)電器(qi)的(de),甚(shen)至還有(you)(you)(you)了(le)電子科技產(chan)品(pin)的(de)經(jing)營(ying)商。他(ta)們(men)(men)生意興隆,商品(pin)琳瑯滿目(mu),滿足了(le)大(da)家(jia)的(de)日(ri)常生活(huo)(huo)需求。大(da)家(jia)再(zai)也不(bu)用(yong)麻麻煩煩地跑到城里(li)去買(mai)了(le)。

人們的家里也有了不小的變化。首先是(shi)(shi)飯(fan)桌(zhuo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)變化。溫飽(bao)早已不是(shi)(shi)問(wen)題,人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)觀念也早已從很久之前的(de)(de)(de)“吃飽(bao)飯(fan)”轉變成了(le)現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)“吃好飯(fan)”。現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)們(men)更加注重的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)營養和科學的(de)(de)(de)膳食(shi)。然后(hou)是(shi)(shi)通訊、交通等。手機幾乎是(shi)(shi)人(ren)手一部,汽車(che)成了(le)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)主要交通工具,網絡(luo)也走(zou)進了(le)不少人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)庭。人(ren)們(men)告別了(le)以前貧窮落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)農村(cun)生活,逐漸走(zou)上(shang)了(le)小康。

篇2

關(guan)鍵詞:新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建設;農(nong)(nong)村水利建設;保障措施

一、新農村建(jian)設(she)對農村水利(li)建(jian)設(she)的要求

作為新農村(cun)建設(she)總體目標:“生(sheng)產發展,生(sheng)活寬裕,村(cun)容整潔,管理民主(zhu)”,涉(she)及生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活、鄉風、村(cun)容、管理等5個方(fang)面(mian),每(mei)個方(fang)面(mian)都與農村(cun)水(shui)利(li)密切相關(guan),因(yin)而每(mei)一項目標的(de)實現,都對農村(cun)水(shui)利(li)建設(she)提出了具體要求。

二(er)、當前新農(nong)村建設中農(nong)村水(shui)利建設存(cun)在的問題

(一)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)不斷減少,農業用水(shui)(shui)捉襟見肘我國(guo)是一個(ge)干旱缺(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)國(guo)家(jia),不僅(jin)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量明顯(xian)不足,而且水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)的(de)時(shi)空(kong)分布極不均衡,區(qu)域性(xing)缺(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)和季節性(xing)缺(que)(que)水(shui)(shui)嚴重(zhong)。水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)不足已成為(wei)制約國(guo)民經濟發展的(de)“瓶頸”因(yin)素。

(二(er))農(nong)村水(shui)利(li)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)老(lao)化,很(hen)難滿足(zu)新農(nong)村“生(sheng)產發展(zhan)”的(de)要求目前,農(nong)村水(shui)利(li)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)仍然十(shi)分脆弱(ruo),全(quan)國還有近2/3的(de)耕(geng)地沒有灌(guan)溉設(she)(she)施(shi)。農(nong)村水(shui)利(li)體(ti)制不順、機制不活、管理粗(cu)放的(de)狀況還未(wei)能得到根(gen)本的(de)扭轉(zhuan)。

(三(san))節水(shui)(shui)灌溉工程和(he)節水(shui)(shui)措施(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo),水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)浪費嚴重(zhong)、利(li)用(yong)率較(jiao)低(di)由于受投資不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)制約(yue),渠道(dao)建設和(he)維護嚴重(zhong)滯后,溝渠滲(shen)漏(lou)嚴重(zhong),影響了水(shui)(shui)利(li)投資效益的(de)(de)發揮。同時,在推(tui)廣應用(yong)節水(shui)(shui)技(ji)術和(he)制定(ding)節水(shui)(shui)政策措施(shi)方面(mian)做(zuo)得也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠多(duo),農村(cun)普遍存在節水(shui)(shui)意(yi)識淡薄、浪費水(shui)(shui)較(jiao)為(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)現象,水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)率較(jiao)低(di)。水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)率低(di)也導致(zhi)部分地(di)區水(shui)(shui)費偏高,出現了農民澆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起地(di)的(de)(de)情況。

當(dang)前(qian),農村水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)主要(yao)還是由(you)政(zheng)府決策(ce)和組織、農民被動服從(cong)和參與(yu);農村水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)規劃及設(she)(she)計(ji)、政(zheng)策(ce)制(zhi)度安(an)排(pai)等(deng)都是由(you)政(zheng)府直接完成,缺(que)少農民的(de)(de)參與(yu)。因此(ci),從(cong)多層面(mian)采取措施,加快建(jian)立(li)農村水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)新(xin)的(de)(de)保障機制(zhi),是適應形勢變化(hua)的(de)(de)客觀要(yao)求,是當(dang)前(qian)各級(ji)政(zheng)府加強農村水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she),推進新(xin)農村建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)一項重大而緊迫(po)的(de)(de)任(ren)務。

三、新農(nong)村建(jian)設背景中農(nong)村水利(li)建(jian)設的保(bao)障措施體系(xi)

(一)規劃保障

水(shui)利(li)規劃是實(shi)(shi)現水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)優化配置的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基礎(chu)。要(yao)在進(jin)一步查清區域水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)及其開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用現狀、分析和評價(jia)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)承載能力的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,根據社會(hui)主義新農村(cun)建設的(de)(de)要(yao)求,制定(ding)和完善農村(cun)水(shui)利(li)規劃,提出(chu)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)合(he)理(li)開發(fa)(fa)、優化配置、高效利(li)用、有效保護和綜合(he)治(zhi)理(li)的(de)(de)總體(ti)布局及實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案(an)。規劃一旦形成,要(yao)嚴格組織實(shi)(shi)施(shi),通(tong)過落(luo)實(shi)(shi)規劃,逐步解決當前(qian)地(di)表水(shui)利(li)用不足、地(di)下水(shui)過度(du)開采、客水(shui)流失量大(da)及水(shui)污染(ran)等問題,促進(jin)人口(kou)、資源(yuan)(yuan)、環境和經濟的(de)(de)協調發(fa)(fa)展。

(二)資金保障

農(nong)村(cun)水利建(jian)設(she)朝著新農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)方向發展,涉及的(de)范圍擴大了,囊括的(de)內容增多了,必須要有足夠的(de)資金支持。資金的(de)來源可以從以下幾個(ge)方面保障:

1.國家財政保(bao)障。保(bao)持現有農村(cun)水(shui)利(li)(li)建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)資金渠道,擴(kuo)大項(xiang)目(mu)資金投(tou)資范(fan)圍(wei),把農村(cun)小中(zhong)型水(shui)利(li)(li)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)也(ye)納入項(xiang)目(mu)預(yu)算。農村(cun)水(shui)利(li)(li)建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)還要(yao)實(shi)行嚴格的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)審查、立項(xiang)、規劃預(yu)算和規范(fan)的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)施管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)。

2.當地政府(fu)適當投入(ru)保(bao)障。要充(chong)分調動當地政府(fu)的積(ji)極性(xing),確保(bao)新農(nong)村建設(she)項目順利實施。

3.當地經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)能人(ren)(ren)適當投(tou)資(社會資金)保障。隨著全國經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)飛速發展,我(wo)國各地農村已涌現出無數個(ge)致富帶頭人(ren)(ren)。富裕的(de)先驅者都愿意(yi)把自己的(de)力量投(tou)入到(dao)家鄉的(de)建設(she)中,帶動家鄉經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)整體(ti)向前(qian)邁進。

(三)組織保障

農(nong)村水(shui)利(li)建設是一(yi)項涉及面很廣的系統工程。加強項目的組(zu)織領(ling)導,協調好各部門(men)的工作,是項目管理成功與否的關(guan)鍵所在。在農(nong)村水(shui)利(li)建設結合新農(nong)村建設實施過程中(zhong),需要提供以下幾個方面的組(zu)織保(bao)障:

1.加強政府職能部門作(zuo)用,依法管理(li)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)利建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。在農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)利建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中政府的主要職能是負責(ze)協調(diao)各參(can)建(jian)(jian)單位(wei)的管理(li)工作(zuo),為項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)提(ti)供(gong)領導與組織保(bao)障(zhang),并(bing)盡能力提(ti)供(gong)適(shi)當配套資金。

2.創新新農(nong)村水利(li)(li)建設投(tou)融(rong)資機制(zhi)。進一(yi)步(bu)加快水利(li)(li)投(tou)融(rong)資體制(zhi)改革步(bu)伐,深化農(nong)村小(xiao)型水利(li)(li)工程產權制(zhi)度改革,廣泛吸納各類社(she)會資金進入水利(li)(li)領域。

3.項目建(jian)(jian)設中成立現場指揮領(ling)導(dao)小組。由當(dang)地農(nong)村水利建(jian)(jian)設中心技(ji)術(shu)精湛、工作(zuo)責任(ren)心強(qiang)的工程技(ji)術(shu)人員組成。

(四)科技保障

1.大力推廣(guang)(guang)(guang)農(nong)(nong)業節(jie)水技(ji)術(shu)。根據區域實際情(qing)況(kuang),相(xiang)關(guan)部門應把推廣(guang)(guang)(guang)農(nong)(nong)田節(jie)水技(ji)術(shu)作(zuo)為(wei)搞好農(nong)(nong)業增效、農(nong)(nong)民增收(shou)和生態農(nong)(nong)業工作(zuo)的(de)一項(xiang)重要(yao)措施來抓,通過大力宣傳,搞好技(ji)術(shu)培訓和搞好試驗(yan)示范促進面上推廣(guang)(guang)(guang),使節(jie)水技(ji)術(shu)為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)大農(nong)(nong)民所(suo)認識,使之成為(wei)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)中受歡迎的(de)一項(xiang)主要(yao)農(nong)(nong)業技(ji)術(shu)。

2.大力進(jin)行泵(beng)(beng)站(zhan)(zhan)更新改(gai)(gai)造研(yan)究(jiu)和實(shi)踐。更新改(gai)(gai)造泵(beng)(beng)站(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)要(yao)目的是提高泵(beng)(beng)站(zhan)(zhan)的裝置效率力爭達到使現有泵(beng)(beng)站(zhan)(zhan)達到部頒標準(zhun)。全國各(ge)地小型泵(beng)(beng)站(zhan)(zhan)數(shu)量眾(zhong)多,更新改(gai)(gai)造任務十分繁重。積極(ji)開展(zhan)泵(beng)(beng)站(zhan)(zhan)更新改(gai)(gai)造研(yan)究(jiu)和實(shi)踐為(wei)提高農村水利設施利用(yong)效率奠(dian)定基(ji)礎。

四、結論

農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)是推進新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)有效(xiao)切(qie)入點,在分析(xi)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)要求及當前(qian)存(cun)在的(de)問(wen)題(ti)基礎上,只有從規劃、資金、組織、管(guan)理等方面對新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)背景下(xia)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)保障措施著手,建(jian)立(li)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)理論(lun)新體系,才能切(qie)實保障農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)順利(li)實施,并(bing)確保農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)問(wen)題(ti)得以解決(jue)。

參考文獻:

[1]李遠華,嚴家適.新農(nong)村(cun)建設需(xu)要(yao)堅實的(de)農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)利基礎[J].中國農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)利水(shui)電,2006,6

[2]錢正英,張光斗.中(zhong)國可持續(xu)發展水(shui)資源戰(zhan)略研究[M].北京:中(zhong)國水(shui)利水(shui)電出版社,2001

篇3

一、觀念創新(xin)是前提

實踐無止(zhi)境(jing),創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)也沒有(you)止(zhi)境(jing)。近年來(lai),思(si)禮經(jing)濟快(kuai)速(su)崛起,各項社會事業蓬勃發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),昔(xi)日(ri)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)閉(bi)塞的(de)(de)農(nong)村正在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)生翻(fan)天覆地的(de)(de)變化,隨著(zhu)城鄉一體化和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村建設的(de)(de)穩(wen)步推(tui)進(jin),這(zhe)種變化必(bi)將(jiang)進(jin)一步加速(su)。有(you)了(le)堅實的(de)(de)物質(zhi)條件做基礎,離退休人(ren)員(yuan)“兩(liang)個待遇”得到全面提(ti)高(gao),各種活動(dong)(dong)豐富多(duo)彩(cai),老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)隊(dui)伍思(si)想(xiang)穩(wen)定(ding)。但隨著(zhu)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)生活節奏的(de)(de)加快(kuai),老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)情況、新(xin)(xin)(xin)問題(ti)(ti)也逐漸顯現。如在(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)如何讓老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)充分享受發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)果,新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)村建設中(zhong)老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)的(de)(de)角色如何定(ding)位(wei)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),都對(dui)(dui)(dui)老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)提(ti)出了(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)挑戰。面對(dui)(dui)(dui)這(zhe)些新(xin)(xin)(xin)情況、新(xin)(xin)(xin)問題(ti)(ti),老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就不能(neng)不斷完善,不創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就沒有(you)生命力,必(bi)須緊密(mi)結合形勢的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)黨委的(de)(de)中(zhong)心工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)思(si)路(lu)、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內容和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機制。要創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin),必(bi)須首(shou)先從思(si)想(xiang)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)著(zhu)眼(yan),破除因(yin)循守(shou)舊、安于現狀的(de)(de)傳統意識(shi),樹立緊跟時代(dai)、勇于創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian),以銳意改革的(de)(de)精神、與時俱(ju)進(jin)的(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)和(he)(he)求真(zhen)務實的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)風(feng)抓(zhua)好老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。只有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang),老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)才能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)形勢下找準工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)切入點和(he)(he)著(zhu)眼(yan)點,更(geng)好地服務老(lao)同志安享晚年。多(duo)年來(lai),我鄉始(shi)終(zhong)高(gao)度重視(shi)老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),定(ding)期召開專題(ti)(ti)會議(yi)(yi),認真(zhen)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)職領導與老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)“手拉手”、“心連心”活動(dong)(dong),建立老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)聯席(xi)會議(yi)(yi)機制,了(le)解(jie)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)情況,解(jie)決存在(zai)(zai)(zai)問題(ti)(ti)。同時,經(jing)常組織(zhi)老(lao)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)到先進(jin)地區參(can)觀(guan)(guan)學習,看工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)特色,聽工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)驗,開闊了(le)眼(yan)界,認識(shi)了(le)差距,更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)了(le)觀(guan)(guan)念(nian),推(tui)動(dong)(dong)了(le)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

二(er)、工(gong)作創新(xin)是重點

思(si)(si)(si)(si)路清則(ze)方向明。首先,要(yao)創新(xin)(xin)工作(zuo)(zuo)思(si)(si)(si)(si)路。只有思(si)(si)(si)(si)路清晰合(he)理,才(cai)能整合(he)各方面的資源,順利(li)實(shi)(shi)現老(lao)干部(bu)工作(zuo)(zuo)目標(biao)。在多(duo)年的工作(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中,我們不斷探(tan)索,初步(bu)形成了(le)以“‘五好’老(lao)干部(bu)黨(dang)支部(bu)建設(she)為(wei)核(he)心,凝聚(ju)老(lao)黨(dang)員,團結老(lao)同志,以‘兩個待遇’落實(shi)(shi)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),想老(lao)同志之所想,急老(lao)同志之所急,以發(fa)(fa)揮余熱為(wei)重點,服(fu)務經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展,促進社(she)會進步(bu)”的工作(zuo)(zuo)思(si)(si)(si)(si)路,推動了(le)老(lao)干部(bu)工作(zuo)(zuo)的健康發(fa)(fa)展。實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)證(zheng)明,只有創新(xin)(xin)工作(zuo)(zuo)思(si)(si)(si)(si)路,勇于面臨(lin)各種(zhong)(zhong)挑(tiao)戰(zhan),克服(fu)各種(zhong)(zhong)困難,不斷實(shi)(shi)現新(xin)(xin)的突破(po),老(lao)干部(bu)工作(zuo)(zuo)才(cai)能在新(xin)(xin)農村建設(she)中取(qu)得新(xin)(xin)的勝利(li),創造出新(xin)(xin)的業績。

其(qi)次,要創(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主題是老(lao)(lao)(lao)干部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)核心。要努(nu)力探索(suo)老(lao)(lao)(lao)干部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)制度(du)創(chuang)新(xin),不斷完善老(lao)(lao)(lao)干部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)制度(du),逐步實(shi)現老(lao)(lao)(lao)干部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)制度(du)化、規范(fan)化、科學化。要積(ji)極(ji)開展多樣的(de)活(huo)動,在(zai)定期(qi)組織外出(chu)考(kao)察度(du)假的(de)同(tong)(tong)時,更多地讓(rang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)參(can)觀(guan)本(ben)地的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、基礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)(she),了(le)(le)解地方經濟社會(hui)發展情況,讓(rang)活(huo)動更加(jia)貼(tie)進(jin)實(shi)際(ji),貼(tie)近生活(huo)。要充(chong)分調動老(lao)(lao)(lao)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)參(can)與(yu)家(jia)鄉建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)積(ji)極(ji)性,建(jian)立(li)必要的(de)組織機構,利用他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)優勢和威信(xin),當好參(can)謀,督促、指導(dao)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)(she),為改變家(jia)鄉面貌奉獻余熱。近年(nian)來,我們(men)(men)認(ren)真(zhen)落實(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)干部(bu)“兩個待遇”,建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)定期(qi)身體檢查(cha)、定期(qi)外出(chu)參(can)觀(guan)、定期(qi)聯系(xi)走訪制度(du),愉(yu)悅了(le)(le)身心,解決了(le)(le)實(shi)際(ji)問題,受到了(le)(le)老(lao)(lao)(lao)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)普遍歡迎(ying)。今年(nian),在(zai)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong),我們(men)(men)組建(jian)了(le)(le)由村組干部(bu)、群(qun)眾代表、農(nong)(nong)村“五(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)”(老(lao)(lao)(lao)黨員、老(lao)(lao)(lao)干部(bu)、老(lao)(lao)(lao)教師、老(lao)(lao)(lao)軍(jun)人、老(lao)(lao)(lao)模范(fan))和青年(nian)積(ji)極(ji)分子組成的(de)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)理(li)事會(hui),發揮了(le)(le)老(lao)(lao)(lao)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)優勢,調動了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)參(can)與(yu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)積(ji)極(ji)性。

其(qi)三,要(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制。機(ji)制新(xin)(xin),活力足,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)要(yao)有科學的(de)社會化運(yun)行機(ji)制,要(yao)重點(dian)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)網絡(luo)、陣(zhen)地建設、隊伍(wu)建設等方面進行創(chuang)新(xin)(xin),使老(lao)(lao)干(gan)部工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)新(xin)(xin)形勢下能夠(gou)延伸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)手臂,拓寬工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)領域,增強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)依(yi)托,擴大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)陣(zhen)地,壯大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)隊伍(wu)。作(zuo)(zuo)為老(lao)(lao)干(gan)部組織要(yao)緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞(rao)黨(dang)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)大(da)局,針(zhen)對老(lao)(lao)同(tong)志和群眾所需(xu)多開展工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),努力擴大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)外延,使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內容更加貼近生活,更加適(shi)應老(lao)(lao)同(tong)志的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。

三、方法創新(xin)是動(dong)力

篇4

建設社會主義新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)是(shi)我(wo)國現代化進程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重大歷史(shi)任務,是(shi)一項長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)、艱巨(ju)的(de)(de)(de)、復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)工程(cheng)。邊(bian)疆(jiang)民族(zu)地區(qu)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建設實踐(jian)需要(yao)科學(xue)(xue)理論指(zhi)導,哲學(xue)(xue)是(shi)科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)理論體系。因此,我(wo)們需要(yao)用(yong)哲學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)觀點,對邊(bian)疆(jiang)民族(zu)地區(qu)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)建設進行審視和思(si)考(kao)。

關鍵詞:

邊(bian)疆民(min)族地區;新(xin)農村;哲(zhe)學;思(si)考

加快建設邊疆(jiang)民族地(di)區(qu)新農(nong)村建設是當前貫徹實施“四個全面”重大戰略(lve),推進社會主義(yi)現代化建設的(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分。目(mu)前,在邊疆(jiang)民族地(di)區(qu)的(de)新農(nong)村建設過程(cheng)中仍面臨著諸多問題和挑戰,需要(yao)哲學的(de)世界觀和方(fang)法論加以指導。

1邊疆(jiang)民族地區(qu)新(xin)農村建設的聚(ju)焦點

對(dui)立(li)(li)統(tong)一規律是(shi)唯物辯證法的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)與(yu)核(he)心。哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)認為,任何事物都(dou)是(shi)矛(mao)盾普遍性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)特殊(shu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辯證統(tong)一體。解(jie)決邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過程中(zhong)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)諸多問(wen)(wen)題,必(bi)須堅持矛(mao)盾分析(xi)方法,找出阻礙其新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要矛(mao)盾和(he)(he)(he)聚焦(jiao)點(dian),才能(neng)加(jia)(jia)快推進邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚焦(jiao)點(dian)主要是(shi)以下幾個方面:一是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),改善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)存條件(jian)。在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),因(yin)歷史和(he)(he)(he)自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin),水、電、氣(qi)和(he)(he)(he)道路等基礎設(she)(she)(she)施尚(shang)薄弱(ruo)。新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)必(bi)須首先(xian)解(jie)決出行,生(sheng)活(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)用水、用電,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品流通信息(xi),生(sheng)活(huo)燃料,互聯網等問(wen)(wen)題。二是(shi)增加(jia)(jia)資金投入,優化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)條件(jian)。邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)由于缺少新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐產(chan)業,導致(zhi)產(chan)業發展無基礎、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)條件(jian)薄弱(ruo)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci),要在(zai)(zai)資金投入上下功(gong)夫,幫助(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)發展產(chan)業,這(zhe)樣可以縮小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)鄉差(cha)距,能(neng)在(zai)(zai)提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),優化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)條件(jian)。三是(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)解(jie)決后(hou)顧之憂。邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)集老、少、邊(bian)、窮為一體,在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)(xue)義務(wu)教育(yu)、醫(yi)療社會保(bao)障、公(gong)(gong)共(gong)衛生(sheng)、公(gong)(gong)共(gong)文化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)等方面較為落后(hou)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci),要著力解(jie)決長期困(kun)惱邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)上學(xue)(xue)難、看病(bing)難、養老難、文化(hua)(hua)娛樂空(kong)白等問(wen)(wen)題。四是(shi)完善新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)制度保(bao)障機制。在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)疆(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)進程中(zhong),要加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改革,依法建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)健全(quan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自治機制,加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法制觀(guan)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹立(li)(li)與(yu)法制建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)一批能(neng)促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經濟發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)自治組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li),為新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)提(ti)供保(bao)障。

2邊疆民族(zu)地區新農(nong)村建設中(zhong)存在的主要問(wen)題

邊疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)由于(yu)(yu)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)薄弱,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)思(si)想觀念落(luo)(luo)后(hou)等客觀情(qing)況,使其成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)最薄弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節。運用哲學(xue)對(dui)(dui)邊疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)問題,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)科(ke)學(xue)分(fen)析極(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)領導(dao)干(gan)部思(si)想僵化,對(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。物(wu)(wu)質世(shi)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)性原理(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求我們從(cong)事(shi)一(yi)(yi)切工(gong)作(zuo)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)實(shi)際出發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),實(shi)事(shi)求是(shi)(shi)。由于(yu)(yu)諸(zhu)多(duo)原因,地(di)方(fang)政府對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動缺(que)乏持(chi)久力,對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)力度(du)(du)在一(yi)(yi)段之(zhi)后(hou)就(jiu)慢(man)慢(man)消(xiao)失(shi)。從(cong)領導(dao)干(gan)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)角度(du)(du)來看,針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)問題,部分(fen)領導(dao)干(gan)部還沒有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)幾十年的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革開放與(yu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),我國已經(jing)(jing)(jing)初步進(jin)(jin)入工(gong)業(ye)化,但當前在一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)上還存(cun)在“以(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)養工(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang),制約了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速度(du)(du),應盡快(kuai)(kuai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)改(gai)革,將政策(ce)轉變(bian)為“以(yi)(yi)工(gong)補(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”,以(yi)(yi)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。二是(shi)(shi)在新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)動上力度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。唯物(wu)(wu)辯證法要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求我們“用發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點看問題,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求弄清事(shi)物(wu)(wu)在其發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段和(he)(he)地(di)位”[1]。邊疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)存(cun)在兩(liang)種思(si)想誤區(qu)(qu),即新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“快(kuai)(kuai)”,關鍵是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加快(kuai)(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)硬件方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),只要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容貌發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化,新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)就(jiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le);或(huo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“等”,認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為等到經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟基礎堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)自然(ran)而然(ran)就(jiu)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)。這(zhe)些思(si)想都(dou)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de),沒有(you)(you)準確(que)認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)識(shi)(shi)到邊疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)么(me)急于(yu)(yu)求成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)沒有(you)(you)取得顯著成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)么(me)停滯不(bu)(bu)前,錯過(guo)(guo)了(le)推進(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機遇。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內因,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)緊緊抓住內因不(bu)(bu)放,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分(fen)調動廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)家鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性。三是(shi)(shi)邊疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)自身基礎薄弱。唯物(wu)(wu)辯證法認(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為,聯(lian)系(xi)具有(you)(you)普遍(bian)性,任何(he)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)都(dou)和(he)(he)周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)條件地(di)聯(lian)系(xi)著,孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de),世(shi)界是(shi)(shi)由普遍(bian)聯(lian)系(xi)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機整體。邊疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)緩慢(man),是(shi)(shi)各(ge)種因素(su)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)制約、相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)們基礎薄弱不(bu)(bu)僅表(biao)現(xian)為貧(pin)困,而且(qie)產業(ye)培(pei)育和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)緩慢(man),經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟基礎不(bu)(bu)牢;道路交通等基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)落(luo)(luo)后(hou),阻礙經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan);教育、科(ke)技、文化、衛(wei)生(sheng)等社會事(shi)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水平較低(di),返貧(pin)現(xian)象(xiang)突出;資(zi)源開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)相(xiang)脫節,不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)可持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)。這(zhe)些因素(su)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)影(ying)響,阻礙了(le)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推進(jin)(jin)。

3推進邊疆民族(zu)地(di)區新(xin)農村(cun)建設的對(dui)策建議

哲(zhe)學是(shi)時代的精華,是(shi)經過歷史和(he)實踐(jian)檢驗的客(ke)觀(guan)真理(li)。運用哲(zhe)學理(li)論,科學地看待和(he)解決(jue)邊疆民族地區新農(nong)村建設過程中(zhong)存在的主要(yao)問題,是(shi)全面(mian)推(tui)進(jin)新農(nong)村建設的客(ke)觀(guan)要(yao)求。

一要鼓勵邊疆(jiang)民(min)族地(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)加(jia)強學習,使之(zhi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)。“人(ren)民(min),只有人(ren)民(min),才是(shi)創造歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)動力。”[2]在(zai)推進(jin)邊疆(jiang)民(min)族地(di)區(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中,必須貫(guan)徹以人(ren)為(wei)(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念,必須尊重農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)地(di)位。一方面(mian),建(jian)(jian)設(she)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)離不開農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發展與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti),是(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)力軍。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)各種素(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)高低(di)直接關系到(dao)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)敗;另一方面(mian),建(jian)(jian)設(she)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)就(jiu)是(shi)要讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)人(ren)民(min)能夠(gou)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)幸福(fu)美(mei)滿,使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)也能夠(gou)享受到(dao)我國社(she)會主(zhu)義建(jian)(jian)設(she)所(suo)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果。作為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)與新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)應該是(shi)最能感受到(dao)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)所(suo)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)便捷變化的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。邊疆(jiang)民(min)族地(di)區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun),就(jiu)是(shi)要讓(rang)全體(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)在(zai)物質(zhi)生(sheng)活(huo)和(he)精神(shen)生(sheng)活(huo)上都富裕起來(lai),過(guo)上好日子。

二要大力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)邊(bian)疆民(min)族地(di)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji),夯實(shi)(shi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設基礎。事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)過程中(zhong)存在著許多矛(mao)盾(dun),其中(zhong)對事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)起決定和(he)(he)主導(dao)(dao)作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)就是主要矛(mao)盾(dun)。邊(bian)疆民(min)族地(di)區(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設,必須(xu)要加(jia)快經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),縮小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)與(yu)城(cheng)市、少數民(min)族地(di)區(qu)與(yu)漢族地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)差距(ju),實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)邊(bian)疆與(yu)內(nei)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。當前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要任務(wu)就是發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、現(xian)(xian)代牧業(ye)(ye)、特色(se)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),增加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際收入(ru),要大力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)科技含量高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧產(chan)業(ye)(ye),特別要培(pei)育和(he)(he)扶持地(di)方特色(se)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),注重(zhong)推進產(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)性調(diao)整,轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方式,提高經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi);要推動民(min)族地(di)區(qu)縣域經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),把發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)第三產(chan)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)非公有制企業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為拓寬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主渠道,引導(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)富裕勞動力(li)(li)轉移。此外,“必須(xu)著眼(yan)于(yu)維護基層群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)利益(yi),調(diao)節好各種利益(yi)關系,注重(zhong)化解社會(hui)矛(mao)盾(dun),確(que)保(bao)基層群(qun)眾(zhong)安居樂業(ye)(ye)。”[3]

三(san)要(yao)對邊(bian)疆(jiang)民族(zu)地(di)區城(cheng)鄉發(fa)(fa)展進行統籌(chou)規劃。從(cong)聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍性(xing)與(yu)(yu)客觀(guan)性(xing)看(kan),要(yao)求我們必須(xu)堅持(chi)用(yong)全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點看(kan)問題(ti),從(cong)整體上把(ba)握事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi),要(yao)樹立全局(ju)觀(guan)念(nian),立足整體,統籌(chou)兼顧。長(chang)期困擾(rao)邊(bian)疆(jiang)民族(zu)地(di)區經濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)農(nong)”問題(ti),其根源(yuan)在于長(chang)期只重(zhong)視城(cheng)市發(fa)(fa)展而(er)輕(qing)視農(nong)村地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,導致城(cheng)鄉差距逐(zhu)年拉(la)大(da)。在邊(bian)疆(jiang)民族(zu)地(di)區農(nong)村經濟發(fa)(fa)展嚴重(zhong)滯后的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,建(jian)(jian)(jian)設新(xin)農(nong)村,僅依(yi)靠(kao)農(nong)民自己是不(bu)可能實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),依(yi)靠(kao)農(nong)業發(fa)(fa)展自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)累計也(ye)是不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de),依(yi)靠(kao)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節作(zuo)用(yong)也(ye)是不(bu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)。邊(bian)疆(jiang)民族(zu)地(di)區新(xin)農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)(jian)設迫(po)切需要(yao)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)創新(xin)與(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)引,按照“四個全面(mian)”戰略布局(ju),科學發(fa)(fa)展指(zhi)(zhi)導,徹底改變原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)一切不(bu)合理制(zhi)度(du)與(yu)(yu)經濟結構,合理統籌(chou)規劃城(cheng)鄉經濟建(jian)(jian)(jian)設與(yu)(yu)社會發(fa)(fa)展。

四要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強邊疆(jiang)民(min)族(zu)地區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施和生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境建設(she)(she)。邊疆(jiang)少數民(min)族(zu)地區(qu)(qu)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施落后的(de)現狀,要(yao)(yao)(yao)求各地要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據實(shi)際情況(kuang)進(jin)行綜合建設(she)(she)。完善(shan)飲水安全(quan)工(gong)程、能源利用工(gong)程、生(sheng)態(tai)保護工(gong)程、鄉村(cun)清(qing)潔工(gong)程和偏(pian)遠地區(qu)(qu)信息網絡建設(she)(she),努力提(ti)高城鎮(zhen)(zhen)化水平,完善(shan)小集鎮(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)劃和配套服務功能,盡快實(shi)施偏(pian)遠地區(qu)(qu)的(de)安居(ju)工(gong)程,切實(shi)解(jie)決農(nong)(nong)民(min)群眾的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活難題。要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)強邊疆(jiang)民(min)族(zu)地區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境建設(she)(she),“把(ba)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)(she)放在統籌人(ren)與自然(ran)和諧(xie)發展(zhan)的(de)關(guan)系中(zhong)進(jin)行長(chang)遠思考,保持人(ren)與自然(ran)和諧(xie)發展(zhan)”[4]。當前農(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)環(huan)境遠沒有想象(xiang)中(zhong)的(de)那(nei)么美好,環(huan)境污染嚴(yan)重(zhong)、村(cun)莊道路破損(sun)嚴(yan)重(zhong)甚(shen)至(zhi)泥濘不堪、農(nong)(nong)田水利設(she)(she)施嚴(yan)重(zhong)老(lao)化甚(shen)至(zhi)已經廢棄。這就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求著重(zhong)改(gai)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人(ren)居(ju)環(huan)境,加(jia)強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境建設(she)(she)。

參考文獻:

[1]張偉(wei).對欠發達地區新農村建設的哲學思考[J].農業科(ke)技與信息,2008,(06):15-16.

[2].選集:第3卷[C].北(bei)京(jing):人(ren)民出版社,1991:1031.

[3]方素清.論邊疆民族地(di)區基層社會治理創(chuang)新[J].黑河學刊,2015,(05):128-130.

篇5

(一)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容(rong)之一首(shou)先,土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家投(tou)(tou)資重(zhong)心向農(nong)(nong)村(cun)轉移的(de)(de)(de)具體體現(xian)(xian)。抓緊(jin)制定將土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出讓金一部分(fen)用于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)和(he)監督(du)辦法(fa),依法(fa)嚴格收繳土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出讓金和(he)新(xin)增建(jian)設土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)償使用費(fei),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出讓金用于土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)和(he)新(xin)增建(jian)設用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)償使用費(fei)安排的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)項目,都要將小型農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)利設施作為重(zhong)要內容(rong),建(jian)設高標準農(nong)(nong)田。土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)投(tou)(tou)資規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)增長(chang)和(he)投(tou)(tou)資區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)橫向延伸,充分(fen)表明(ming)我國(guo)已(yi)經把農(nong)(nong)業(ye)問題放在了現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)建(jian)設全局的(de)(de)(de)更加(jia)突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位。其次,土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)實現(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)前提和(he)基(ji)礎。如果把實現(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)各種要素分(fen)為硬件(jian)(jian)和(he)軟件(jian)(jian)兩個(ge)方(fang)面,那么土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)就是(shi)(shi)最(zui)基(ji)本、最(zui)現(xian)(xian)實、最(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)(jian)因素。只有(you)加(jia)強硬件(jian)(jian)建(jian)設,全面改善農(nong)(nong)業(ye)基(ji)礎設施條件(jian)(jian),逐步(bu)消除影響農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)制約因素,才能使農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)集約化(hua)和(he)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)成為可(ke)能,從而(er)能最(zui)終實現(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展目標。

(二)土地整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)與新農村建(jian)設互相(xiang)促進、互為基(ji)礎首(shou)先,新農村建(jian)設從(cong)政(zheng)治(zhi)和輿論角度為土地整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)工作(zuo)提(ti)供(gong)了強大(da)(da)的(de)動(dong)力,從(cong)政(zheng)策和管理(li)角度為其(qi)進一步活躍發(fa)展注入了生(sheng)機和活力。其(qi)次,通過(guo)大(da)(da)力開展土地整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li),有利于從(cong)多方(fang)面加快新農村建(jian)設步伐,為農業和農村的(de)發(fa)展奠定堅實的(de)根基(ji)。

(三)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)工(gong)作要(yao)緊跟時代步(bu)伐,高起點(dian)(dian),嚴管理(li),活機制,為(wei)(wei)社會主義新農(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)打(da)好(hao)根基(ji)首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)突(tu)出(chu)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian),加(jia)大(da)(da)力度(du)。突(tu)出(chu)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)就是(shi)要(yao)以基(ji)本農(nong)田整(zheng)理(li)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian),立(li)足于現(xian)有存量(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)的整(zheng)治,挖掘耕地(di)(di)(di)潛力,使(shi)其(qi)更好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)發(fa)揮效(xiao)益。加(jia)大(da)(da)力度(du)就是(shi)要(yao)進一步(bu)擴大(da)(da)投資規模,切實解決項目報(bao)審工(gong)作中存在的基(ji)層報(bao)不(bu)上去,國家收不(bu)進來(lai)的問(wen)題(ti),力爭在一段時期(qi)內(nei)對(dui)全國范(fan)圍內(nei)有條件的基(ji)本農(nong)田進行一次“地(di)(di)(di)毯式”整(zheng)治,從(cong)根本上解決基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)條件對(dui)農(nong)業(ye)的制約因素。其(qi)次,國家應(ying)從(cong)政策(ce)上適(shi)當擴大(da)(da)項目投資適(shi)用范(fan)圍和(he)(he)提高工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)技術標準(zhun),使(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)工(gong)作突(tu)破部(bu)門界(jie)限(xian)、行業(ye)界(jie)限(xian)和(he)(he)行政界(jie)限(xian)與新農(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)有效(xiao)接(jie)(jie)軌,因地(di)(di)(di)制宜達到較高水準(zhun),切實解決制約項目區土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)集約利用的瓶頸問(wen)題(ti)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)項目涉及的土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)平整(zheng)、農(nong)田水利和(he)(he)道路設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)等工(gong)程規劃,應(ying)與區域(yu)農(nong)業(ye)綜合(he)開(kai)發(fa)、基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)引水工(gong)程等規劃相銜(xian)接(jie)(jie),聽取農(nong)民和(he)(he)專(zhuan)家的意(yi)見,優選方案(an),避免低(di)效(xiao)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)重(zhong)復(fu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。

二、實施土(tu)地整(zheng)理項目與新農村建設取得的成(cheng)效

(一)土地(di)開發整理,增加了有效耕地(di)

土(tu)地(di)整(zheng)理在調整(zheng)土(tu)地(di)利用(yong)方式、優化(hua)土(tu)地(di)利用(yong)結構(gou)等方面發揮著(zhu)重要作用(yong)。大力開展土(tu)地(di)整(zheng)理,不僅可以增加有效耕地(di)面積,而且可以提(ti)高耕地(di)質量。

(二)土地(di)開發整(zheng)理,助(zhu)推了農民增收

土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)的(de)最終目(mu)的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)要成為農村經(jing)濟和農民(min)收(shou)入(ru)的(de)增(zeng)長點(dian)。一方面,通過土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)增(zeng)加耕(geng)地(di)(di),其實質(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)要求新增(zeng)糧(liang)食生產能(neng)力,提高(gao)糧(liang)食生產能(neng)力應當(dang)是(shi)耕(geng)地(di)(di)數量、質(zhi)(zhi)量和生態保護并重。另一方面,在(zai)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)理(li)中,鄉(xiang)鎮政(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)與施工單位簽訂合同時約(yue)定,只要是(shi)農民(min)能(neng)干的(de)工程(cheng)要由農民(min)自己來干,讓農民(min)直接(jie)參與土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)開發整(zheng)理(li)工程(cheng)建設(she),并從中獲得直接(jie)收(shou)益。

(三)土(tu)地開發(fa)整理(li),促進了農(nong)業增效

土地(di)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)不(bu)能(neng)只是停留在一般的開(kai)發整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)的層面上,而是要順應農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)的調整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),要從增加和建造(zao)高(gao)質量耕地(di)與農(nong)(nong)用地(di)出發,立(li)足于服(fu)(fu)務(wu)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)規模經營、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)質量和綜合經濟效益,因勢利導,全力引(yin)導項目區(qu)群眾(zhong)調整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)產業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)。實踐證明,已收(shou)到了明顯的經濟效益。

(四)土地開發整理,推(tui)動了農村發展

大力推進(jin)(jin)土(tu)(tu)地(di)整(zheng)理(li)(li)是國土(tu)(tu)部門支持社會主義新農(nong)村(cun)建設(she)的(de)根(gen)本切入點和(he)重要著力點。土(tu)(tu)地(di)整(zheng)理(li)(li)不(bu)僅能有效(xiao)增(zeng)加耕地(di)面(mian)積(ji),提升耕地(di)質量(liang),增(zeng)強(qiang)農(nong)業發展后勁,更重要的(de)是改善了(le)農(nong)民(min)生產和(he)生活環境(jing)(jing),改變(bian)了(le)村(cun)容村(cun)貌,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了(le)農(nong)村(cun)精神(shen)文明建設(she),加快新農(nong)村(cun)建設(she)步(bu)伐。由此可(ke)見(jian),土(tu)(tu)地(di)整(zheng)理(li)(li)的(de)實施(shi)(shi),既增(zeng)加了(le)有效(xiao)耕地(di)面(mian)積(ji),緩解了(le)耕地(di)壓力,又提高了(le)土(tu)(tu)地(di)集(ji)約利(li)(li)用水平。另(ling)外,通過(guo)土(tu)(tu)地(di)權屬的(de)調整(zheng)使當地(di)的(de)集(ji)體和(he)個人(ren)的(de)利(li)(li)益得到了(le)切實保(bao)護,減少了(le)土(tu)(tu)地(di)糾紛,保(bao)障了(le)農(nong)村(cun)社會穩定。通過(guo)土(tu)(tu)地(di)開(kai)發整(zheng)理(li)(li)還可(ke)建成一批(pi)布局合理(li)(li),生活方便,環境(jing)(jing)優(you)美(mei)的(de)新城鎮,同時項(xiang)目區水利(li)(li)、電(dian)力、道路等基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)均靠近(jin)居民(min)點,兼顧解決(jue)當地(di)群眾行路、用電(dian)和(he)人(ren)畜飲水困難(nan)。

(五(wu))土地(di)開發整理,優化了生產(chan)環境

土地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理既改(gai)善了(le)(le)當地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)耕作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian),又促進了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)。在(zai)項(xiang)目實施(shi)中(zhong)體現農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)元素(su),因地(di)(di)(di)制宜,歸(gui)并田(tian)塊,清除土地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)不合理因素(su),為農(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械(xie)化(hua)創造條(tiao)件(jian),將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)村水電、道路等生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件(jian)改(gai)善和(he)小型農(nong)(nong)田(tian)水利(li)建設(she)作(zuo)為重要內容,增強耕地(di)(di)(di)排灌和(he)防(fang)災減(jian)災能力。通(tong)過(guo)土地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)理,能有(you)效改(gai)變(bian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高投(tou)入低產(chan)出的(de)(de)(de)問題,農(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)觀念也由此發生(sheng)(sheng)根本性的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua),依靠科(ke)技,增加投(tou)入,科(ke)學種田(tian),規范務作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)水平不斷提高。整(zheng)理后的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di),水、電資(zi)源(yuan)得到合理利(li)用(yong),項(xiang)目區(qu)實現水利(li)化(hua)、耕地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)墑(di)能力全(quan)面提高。同時,土地(di)(di)(di)開發整(zheng)理注重對環境(jing)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu),能使區(qu)域環境(jing)得到明顯改(gai)善。

三(san)、搞好土地(di)整(zheng)理和(he)新農(nong)村建設的措施(shi)與(yu)保障

(一)資金保障

土地(di)(di)(di)(di)整理(li)(li)朝著(zhu)(zhu)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)方(fang)向發展,涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)擴大(da)了(le),包含的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)增(zeng)多了(le),必須要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)支持。資(zi)(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)來源可(ke)以從以下(xia)幾個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang):①國(guo)(guo)家(jia)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)持現有(you)(you)(you)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)整理(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)渠道,擴大(da)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei),把(ba)(ba)對村(cun)(cun)、景的(de)(de)(de)整治工程納入項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)預(yu)算(suan)。土地(di)(di)(di)(di)整理(li)(li)還要(yao)實行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)審查(cha)、立(li)項(xiang)(xiang)、規劃預(yu)算(suan)和(he)規范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實施管(guan)理(li)(li)制度。②當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府適當(dang)(dang)(dang)投(tou)(tou)入保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。區(qu)域性的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)(she),要(yao)充分(fen)調動當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)順(shun)利實施,借助政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府力(li)量使項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)得以推廣,這對區(qu)域性新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)將有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)(zhu)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)意(yi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)。③政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策扶持保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。建設(she)(she)(she)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun),大(da)力(li)開展新(xin)(xin)(xin)形勢下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)整理(li)(li),功在當(dang)(dang)(dang)代,利在千(qian)秋(qiu),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)對此(ci)(ci)應給(gei)予充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策支持。此(ci)(ci)部分(fen)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)可(ke)從對村(cun)(cun)莊的(de)(de)(de)未利用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di),及通過(guo)工程措施開墾為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)確認耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)用(yong)于(yu)建設(she)(she)(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)占補指標中(zhong)來。④當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)經濟能人(ren)適當(dang)(dang)(dang)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)全國(guo)(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)飛速發展,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)各地(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)已(yi)涌(yong)現出無(wu)數(shu)(shu)個(ge)致富帶頭人(ren)。在當(dang)(dang)(dang)前大(da)力(li)倡導(dao)建設(she)(she)(she)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)精神文明的(de)(de)(de)驅動下(xia),有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)千(qian)年傳統(tong)美(mei)德的(de)(de)(de)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)民思想道德水平更是有(you)(you)(you)了(le)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)提高,富裕的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)驅者都(dou)愿意(yi)把(ba)(ba)自己的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量投(tou)(tou)入到(dao)家(jia)鄉的(de)(de)(de)千(qian)秋(qiu)偉(wei)業建設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong),帶動家(jia)鄉經濟整體向前邁進。此(ci)(ci)部分(fen)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)可(ke)由當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)經濟能人(ren)自籌組成。也就是說(shuo),哪個(ge)村(cun)(cun)莊有(you)(you)(you)能人(ren)自籌了(le)一(yi)定數(shu)(shu)額(e)資(zi)(zi)金(jin),當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)群眾也強烈要(yao)求建設(she)(she)(she)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de),就把(ba)(ba)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)整理(li)(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)放到(dao)那里去。

(二)組織保障

土(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)是一項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)涉及面很廣的(de)(de)(de)系統工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),需(xu)要政府(fu)(fu)、農、林、水利、交通、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、環保和財政等(deng)部(bu)門(men)通力(li)合作(zuo)才(cai)能(neng)做好(hao)。因此,加強組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao),協調(diao)好(hao)各部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),各司其職(zhi),是土(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功與(yu)否的(de)(de)(de)關鍵所(suo)在。在土(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)結合新(xin)農村建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實施(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong),需(xu)要提(ti)(ti)供(gong)以下幾個方面的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)保障:①成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)小組(zu)(zu)。其主(zhu)要職(zhi)能(neng)是負責(ze)協調(diao)各參建(jian)(jian)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),為項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)保障,并盡可能(neng)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)適當(dang)配套資金。②成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)群眾(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)宣傳小組(zu)(zu)。主(zhu)要由(you)當(dang)地(di)(di)政府(fu)(fu)分管領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、宣傳、新(xin)聞等(deng)部(bu)門(men)干部(bu)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),專門(men)負責(ze)對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)群眾(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)教育(yu)與(yu)溝通,收集群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見和建(jian)(jian)議,為項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)順利實施(shi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)群眾(zhong)保障。③成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)群眾(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)協調(diao)小組(zu)(zu)。由(you)當(dang)地(di)(di)政府(fu)(fu)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)所(suo)在地(di)(di)受益村和當(dang)地(di)(di)國土(tu)部(bu)門(men)以及項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)業主(zhu)指派的(de)(de)(de)專人組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),負責(ze)及時(shi)、有(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)解決項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)在建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過程(cheng)中(zhong)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)問題。④成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)土(tu)地(di)(di)權(quan)屬(shu)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)小組(zu)(zu)。由(you)當(dang)地(di)(di)國土(tu)部(bu)門(men)、鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)政府(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員和村委會成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),主(zhu)要負責(ze)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)前期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)權(quan)屬(shu)調(diao)查和整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)后土(tu)地(di)(di)權(quan)屬(shu)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),確保項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后土(tu)地(di)(di)權(quan)屬(shu)清楚、公平、無爭議。⑤成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)現場指揮領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)(dao)小組(zu)(zu)。由(you)當(dang)地(di)(di)土(tu)地(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)中(zhong)心技(ji)術精湛、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)責(ze)任心強的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)術人員組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。小組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員必須(xu)常(chang)駐工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di),對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實施(shi)進行(xing)(xing)全過程(cheng)監督和指導(dao)(dao)(dao),解決施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術困難,同(tong)時(shi)對項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)資金的(de)(de)(de)落實、使用情況進行(xing)(xing)監督,確保專款(kuan)專用和資金的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)使用。

(三)工程措施

篇6

坐在(zai)賓館明亮的(de)大(da)堂里,肖自江的(de)臉色(se)看起來有些疲(pi)倦。“昨晚上(shang)只(zhi)睡了個半(ban)小時,頸(jing)椎病(bing)又犯了。”他拍(pai)打著脖子,動(dong)作如(ru)同(tong)鄉下的(de)老農(nong)(nong)。然而談論起眼下如(ru)火如(ru)荼的(de)“新農(nong)(nong)村建設”運動(dong),這位(wei)從農(nong)(nong)村走(zou)(zou)出去,最終又回(hui)到農(nong)(nong)村的(de)企業家立刻恢復(fu)了神采。“農(nong)(nong)村要發展(zhan),必須走(zou)(zou)工業化、城(cheng)鎮化的(de)發展(zhan)道路。”他語氣鏗鏘地說。

從身無(wu)分文(wen)的(de)泥瓦匠到擁(yong)有20多(duo)億元(yuan)資產的(de)科(ke)技型、外(wai)向型企業集(ji)團公司的(de)董事長,57歲的(de)肖自江不但親(qin)身見(jian)證了往昔中(zhong)國農村(cun)改革(ge)的(de)風雨歷程,亦深深滲入到當下新(xin)農村(cun)建設(she)的(de)進程中(zhong)。他(ta)所踐(jian)行的(de)“從農村(cun)走向城(cheng)市,從城(cheng)市回(hui)到農村(cun),把(ba)農村(cun)建成城(cheng)鎮”的(de)石(shi)門(men)之(zhi)路,已成為社會主義新(xin)農村(cun)建設(she)的(de)一(yi)面旗幟。

從(cong)400元到12億元

湖南省中(zhong)部(bu)漣源(yuan)市茅(mao)塘(tang)鎮(zhen)石門村(cun)(cun),一(yi)個流淌著現代氣息的(de)小城鎮(zhen),水泥公路從村(cun)(cun)頭直通村(cun)(cun)尾,工廠廠區機聲(sheng)隆隆,道(dao)路兩旁各種商店、娛樂設施一(yi)應俱全。作(zuo)為(wei)湘中(zhong)地區首屈一(yi)指的(de)模(mo)范(fan)村(cun)(cun),這里(li)的(de)一(yi)切令周邊的(de)村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)相形見絀。

從(cong)地(di)圖看,石門(men)村(cun)是一個(ge)遠離(li)大中城市和經濟(ji)中心(xin)且相當閉塞的內陸小(xiao)山村(cun)。它距地(di)級市婁底市45公(gong)(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右,距省會長沙(sha)250公(gong)(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右。這里(li)既沒有(you)資源,又無(wu)區位優勢可言。從(cong)1950-1980年三(san)十年時間里(li),石門(men)村(cun)每(mei)年人(ren)均口糧(liang)只有(you)105公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),十個(ge)生產隊(dui)中最窮(qiong)的隊(dui)在困難的時候(hou)一個(ge)勞(lao)動力每(mei)天僅分(fen)到6兩糧(liang)。生活情況稍好一點的隊(dui)也只是耕地(di)質(zhi)量好點,口糧(liang)多個(ge)幾十斤(jin)而(er)已。

27年(nian)前(qian),當年(nian)輕的(de)泥瓦(wa)匠肖(xiao)自江決定離開這(zhe)個貧(pin)困的(de)小山村出外謀生時,他沒有(you)想到這(zhe)個村莊將會因他而發生翻天(tian)覆地的(de)變化。

上(shang)世紀80年代(dai),是一(yi)個具有(you)決定性(xing)意(yi)義的(de)時代(dai)。舊有(you)的(de)計(ji)劃(hua)經(jing)濟體系已(yi)經(jing)搖搖欲墜,新的(de)市場經(jing)濟卻(que)尚未成型。處于短缺商(shang)品經(jing)濟時期(qi),敏感的(de)湘中農(nong)民從做鞋、敲臉盆、經(jing)銷塑料熱水(shui)瓶殼(ke)等搞流通做起,倒賣商(shang)品、做實體買賣。當時所謂的(de)投機倒把,成就了日(ri)后(hou)第一(yi)代(dai)農(nong)民企(qi)業家。

1980年,已是而立之年、從(cong)未(wei)吃飽過(guo)一(yi)頓肉的(de)肖(xiao)自(zi)江(jiang),看到村(cun)里及鄰近(jin)村(cun)子(zi)有些(xie)人偷(tou)偷(tou)跑出(chu)去做小生意,大都(dou)賺(zhuan)了(le)個盆滿(man)缽溢。好勝的(de)他坐不住了(le),他把高中畢業(ye)不久、在株洲一(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)隊(dui)當臨時工的(de)五弟肖(xiao)安江(jiang)叫了(le)回來,兄弟倆商量著要到外面的(de)世(shi)界去“闖一(yi)闖。”

肖(xiao)的(de)父親東挪(nuo)西借,好(hao)不容易籌了(le)(le)400元,將(jiang)他們打發上(shang)路。按照肖(xiao)自江(jiang)“要走就走遠(yuan)點”的(de)經商理念,他們來到(dao)了(le)(le)商貿重鎮徐州,開始了(le)(le)挑著日雜貨擔(dan)走街串巷(xiang)的(de)生(sheng)涯。

一(yi)(yi)年后,兩兄弟輾轉來到(dao)了長沙南門(men)口(kou),肩挑(tiao)(tiao)手提,走街(jie)串巷,做起鋁塑(su)制品小生意。這里成了他(ta)(ta)們發(fa)家致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)(de)“風水寶地(di)”。兩兄弟個子都(dou)不高,挑(tiao)(tiao)著與(yu)他(ta)(ta)們幾乎一(yi)(yi)樣高的(de)(de)貨擔,從南門(men)口(kou)出(chu)發(fa),南走大(da)托(tuo)鋪,北(bei)去撈刀河,不論刮風下雨,早(zao)出(chu)晚歸。憑著多年的(de)(de)商海(hai)摸爬滾打中(zhong)積(ji)銖累寸,逐漸積(ji)累了一(yi)(yi)筆不菲的(de)(de)資金(jin)。

肖自江真(zhen)正崛起(qi)是在1989年。那時,僵持多年的(de)中蘇(su)關系開始(shi)解凍。當肖自江從新(xin)聞媒體中得知蘇(su)聯總(zong)統(tong)戈爾巴喬夫訪華的(de)消息時,他敏銳的(de)感覺到中蘇(su)邊貿即(ji)將開禁,蘇(su)聯人所(suo)缺乏(fa)的(de)輕(qing)工(gong)產品必然有(you)著(zhu)巨大的(de)市場。

他和五(wu)弟肖安江立即日夜兼程,一(yi)路風(feng)塵仆仆趕到哈爾濱(bin),建(jian)立起一(yi)個(ge)(ge)塑(su)料(liao)制(zhi)品批發(fa)點(dian)。經過一(yi)年(nian)的苦心經營,他們兄(xiong)弟倆(lia)開(kai)辟的搪鋁、塑(su)料(liao)制(zhi)品批發(fa)業務(wu)幾乎壟斷了整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)哈爾濱(bin)市場(chang)。

而后他奔赴中國(guo)最北端與蘇聯(lian)接壤的(de)漠(mo)河等地(di),辦起直(zhi)接和蘇聯(lian)人做生意的(de)搪鋁(lv)、塑料制品批發公司。“我們當(dang)時的(de)原則就是(shi),哪里最偏僻往哪里地(di)方走。”肖自(zi)江說。事實(shi)證明,肖的(de)策略是(shi)成(cheng)功的(de)。在邊遠的(de)漠(mo)河,肖的(de)生意空前(qian)紅火,年成(cheng)交額達到(dao)3000多萬元。

1991年(nian)初,肖自(zi)(zi)江(jiang)看(kan)到當時來黑龍江(jiang)作邊貿(mao)生意(yi)的(de)客商越(yue)來越(yue)多、競爭越(yue)來越(yue)激烈(lie),而位于(yu)(yu)西北(bei)部的(de)新(xin)疆(jiang)卻發展(zhan)空(kong)間較(jiao)大,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)決定(ding)轉戰(zhan)西北(bei),到烏(wu)魯(lu)木齊(qi)開辟新(xin)的(de)邊貿(mao)戰(zhan)場。在烏(wu)魯(lu)木齊(qi),敢(gan)于(yu)(yu)吃苦、善(shan)于(yu)(yu)運籌(chou)、精(jing)于(yu)(yu)經營、勇(yong)于(yu)(yu)開拓的(de)肖自(zi)(zi)江(jiang)很(hen)快(kuai)如魚得水,將(jiang)生意(yi)做到了哈薩(sa)克斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)、塔吉克斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)、吉爾(er)吉斯(si)斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)等(deng)國家(jia),成為當地名震一方(fang)的(de)老(lao)板。

肖自(zi)江的(de)另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)大決策(ce)是舉全(quan)力租賃(lin)承包烏魯木齊鋁制品(pin)廠。當時,這家投資2800多萬元(yuan)、擁有職工1000多人的(de)國(guo)有骨干(gan)企業已倒閉多年。消(xiao)息傳開后,許多知情人都勸他三思(si)而(er)行,不要(yao)孤注一(yi)(yi)擲(zhi),以免將奮斗多年得(de)來(lai)的(de)血汗錢付諸(zhu)東流。肖自(zi)江經過(guo)市場(chang)(chang)調查分析(xi)發現,新疆的(de)電費低,從(cong)俄羅斯進口鋁錠便宜(yi),產品(pin)可(ke)以就近(jin)打入俄羅斯市場(chang)(chang),比沿海同類廠家產品(pin)進入俄羅斯市場(chang)(chang)要(yao)節省15%的(de)運費。于是他義無反顧地作出決策(ce),與該(gai)廠簽訂了為期6年的(de)租賃(lin)合同,開創了全(quan)國(guo)個(ge)體老板租賃(lin)國(guo)有企業的(de)先河。經過(guo)他大刀闊斧地改(gai)革,企業很(hen)快起死回生,半年之后即扭虧(kui)為盈。1994年盈利400多萬元(yuan)。肖自(zi)江的(de)名字不脛而(er)走,成了全(quan)疆家喻戶曉的(de)新聞人物。

面(mian)對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)加入世貿組織(zhi)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)經濟全球化的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢,肖(xiao)自江審時度勢,認定(ding)要(yao)使(shi)自己的(de)(de)企業做大做強,必須(xu)要(yao)參與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭,讓(rang)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)直接進(jin)入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)。2000年6月,肖(xiao)自江考察俄羅斯(si)、法(fa)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、意大利等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)搪(tang)瓷、不粘鍋等(deng)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)歐美發(fa)(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)需求市(shi)場(chang)很大,但由于(yu)這些勞(lao)動(dong)密集型產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)勞(lao)動(dong)成本(ben)太高,這些國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)完全依(yi)賴進(jin)口(kou),而非洲等(deng)欠(qian)發(fa)(fa)達(da)地區因技術(shu)落后,很難生產檔(dang)次較高的(de)(de)同類產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。掌握(wo)市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)息后,肖(xiao)自江果斷地作出重(zhong)大決策:面(mian)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang),加大科技投入,提(ti)升產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檔(dang)次,參與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭。

贏得(de)出口(kou)自營權(quan)、產(chan)品打入國(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場后的(de)五(wu)江集團如虎(hu)添翼,迅(xun)速發展。2002年(nian)投資近(jin)億元,在新疆(jiang)烏魯木齊興(xing)(xing)建興(xing)(xing)華(hua)五(wu)江保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)瓶(ping)(ping)廠。工廠占地300畝,安置員(yuan)工1800多(duo)(duo)人,年(nian)產(chan)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)瓶(ping)(ping)3000萬只,建成搶占前蘇聯各(ge)國(guo)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)“橋頭堡”。2003年(nian)公司投資1.3億元在江西南昌興(xing)(xing)建全(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)先進、最(zui)環保(bao)(bao)、最(zui)節能(neng)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)瓶(ping)(ping)生產(chan)線,年(nian)產(chan)瓶(ping)(ping)膽3000萬只,解決就業(ye)人員(yuan)1000多(duo)(duo)人。至此(ci),五(wu)江集團年(nian)瓶(ping)(ping)膽生產(chan)能(neng)力(li)近(jin)億只,占全(quan)國(guo)市(shi)(shi)場份額(e)的(de)25%,一躍(yue)成為全(quan)球(qiu)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)瓶(ping)(ping)行業(ye)老大(da)和(he)(he)全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)大(da)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)瓶(ping)(ping)出口(kou)生產(chan)基地。與(yu)此(ci)同時建立了(le)遍及全(quan)國(guo)30個省市(shi)(shi)區(qu)和(he)(he)五(wu)大(da)洲40多(duo)(duo)個國(guo)家的(de)產(chan)品銷(xiao)售網絡(luo)。

時至今(jin)日,肖自江的五江集團(tuan)總(zong)資產已達20余億元(yuan)、年實現銷售收入20多億元(yuan)、利潤1.2億元(yuan)、出口(kou)創匯1100多萬美元(yuan),為湖(hu)南省(sheng)漣源(yuan)市第一(yi)、婁底市第二的出口(kou)創匯骨干企業,成為湖(hu)南省(sheng)經貿委重點調度扶持的全省(sheng)10強(qiang)和(he)原國(guo)家經貿委重點調度扶持的全國(guo)300強(qiang)民營企業之一(yi),在(zai)湖(hu)南省(sheng)500強(qiang)民營企業中(zhong)位列(lie)綜合類第二名(ming)。

肖自江(jiang)(jiang)在科技興企(qi)上(shang)具(ju)有超前意(yi)識(shi)和戰略眼光(guang)。五江(jiang)(jiang)公司研究開(kai)發的碧波爾(er)科技型小功率安(an)全節能(neng)快速(su)壁式電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)屬(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家高科技節能(neng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)整(zheng)體(ti)技術在國(guo)(guo)內同類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)中處于領(ling)先(xian)水(shui)(shui)平;開(kai)發的利用空調廢熱的空調儲水(shui)(shui)式電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)是一種新型的熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),技術上(shang)屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進水(shui)(shui)平。碧波爾(er)熱水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)系(xi)列產(chan)品(pin)(pin)均已通(tong)過(guo)了(le)“3C”認證和ISO9001:2000國(guo)(guo)際(ji)質(zhi)量體(ti)系(xi)認證,曾(ceng)獲多項國(guo)(guo)家專利和兩項國(guo)(guo)際(ji)金獎(jiang)(jiang)―英國(guo)(guo)專利發明金獎(jiang)(jiang)和香(xiang)港新技術博(bo)覽會金獎(jiang)(jiang);生產(chan)用于手機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)腦等集成電(dian)(dian)路的干(gan)膜(mo)材料(liao),填補了(le)我國(guo)(guo)干(gan)膜(mo)生產(chan)規模化的空白。肖自江(jiang)(jiang)致力(li)(li)開(kai)發高科技產(chan)品(pin)(pin),大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增強了(le)五江(jiang)(jiang)集團可持續性(xing)發展的后勁,培育了(le)新的經濟增長點,提高了(le)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的市(shi)場(chang)競爭(zheng)力(li)(li)。

從(cong)肖自江成功的(de)軌跡來看,他(ta)最初(chu)利(li)用(yong)與國營(ying)商業的(de)時間(jian)差以及(ji)較(jiao)靈活的(de)經營(ying)方式賺錢,其后利(li)用(yong)批發貿易(yi)資(zi)金周轉快來贏利(li),最后他(ta)利(li)用(yong)東部地區因產業升級(ji)而(er)退(tui)出初(chu)級(ji)產品(pin)市場的(de)機(ji)會(hui),大力構建他(ta)的(de)市場營(ying)銷網絡(luo)。他(ta)不(bu)辭(ci)勞(lao)苦(ku),不(bu)以利(li)小而(er)不(bu)為,一步一個腳印,從(cong)零售而(er)批發,由(you)批發而(er)辦廠,終(zhong)于成就(jiu)了一番不(bu)凡的(de)事業。

反哺家鄉

在肖自(zi)江的帶(dai)動下(xia),石(shi)門(men)村人紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)外出經(jing)商(shang),不(bu)少人發了家(jia),致了富(fu),其中(zhong)不(bu)乏家(jia)資百(bai)萬(wan)的“大款”。但是古老的石(shi)門(men)村依然故我,路(lu)是泥土路(lu),房(fang)是土磚房(fang)。由于許多青壯(zhuang)年棄農經(jing)商(shang),造成一些農田被拋荒,農業(ye)生產明顯受到影(ying)響。

這(zhe)與肖的愿望相(xiang)去(qu)甚遠,他決心要徹底改(gai)變(bian)家鄉落后的面貌。將石門(men)村(cun)建設成一個現代化的新農村(cun)。

1996年9月,完成資本原始積累的肖自江響應家鄉的召喚,籌資1200萬元,創辦了漣源(yuan)市(shi)宏宇搪鋁工(gong)業有限公司,出(chu)任董(dong)事長。從此開始了他反哺家鄉、報效桑梓的歷(li)程。

肖(xiao)自(zi)江(jiang)回憶(yi)說,對于是否回鄉投資,當時兄弟(di)之(zhi)間(jian)分(fen)(fen)歧很(hen)大。有(you)的認為辛(xin)(xin)辛(xin)(xin)苦苦十幾年,好不(bu)容易(yi)把(ba)農村戶(hu)口遷到了(le)城里(li),怎么能又回到那窮(qiong)山溝里(li)去。 但(dan)肖(xiao)自(zi)江(jiang)不(bu)這樣看:“致(zhi)富不(bu)能忘了(le)家(jia)(jia)鄉”,他說,“現(xian)在五江(jiang)集團在各地有(you)6家(jia)(jia)分(fen)(fen)廠,但(dan)湖南(nan)沒有(you)一家(jia)(jia),從企業發展的角度講,也是回報家(jia)(jia)鄉父老、 填補布局空白的時候了(le)。”

當(dang)年底,肖自江(jiang)回(hui)家(jia)考察之后,立即投資1400多萬元興辦搪瓷(ci)廠(chang)。第二(er)年,又籌(chou)資2000多萬,陸續建成了(le)保溫(wen)瓶廠(chang)、鋁制品廠(chang)。

肖自(zi)江(jiang)深知(zhi)在農村辦廠的風險和(he)責任之大。“我們公(gong)司(si)地(di)理(li)位置(zhi)與(yu)其他企(qi)業不同,我們占用的是(shi)農田,所以只許成功,不許失敗,而且絕不能一(yi)走了之,否則(ze)就(jiu)有(you)多少農民沒有(you)地(di)種,沒有(you)飯吃。”

1998年,剛剛崛(jue)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漣源市(shi)石(shi)門(men)(men)工(gong)業區由于政(zheng)府制定的(de)(de)(de)關于發(fa)展民(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策沒(mei)有(you)及(ji)時兌(dui)現(xian)(xian),一(yi)些從外地回石(shi)門(men)(men)投資辦廠的(de)(de)(de)私(si)營(ying)企業主紛(fen)紛(fen)外遷(qian),給(gei)石(shi)門(men)(men)工(gong)業區及(ji)全市(shi)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展帶來了嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)負面影響。肖自江對此(ci)心急如(ru)焚,他一(yi)邊(bian)做外遷(qian)企業主的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo),,一(yi)邊(bian)積極向婁底(di)市(shi)政(zheng)府及(ji)有(you)關部門(men)(men)反映情況,提出(chu)了“兌(dui)現(xian)(xian)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策,規范管(guan)理,積極發(fa)展民(min)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)濟”的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議,得到了婁底(di)市(shi)人大、市(shi)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)高度重(zhong)視。

1999年4月,婁底市市長專(zhuan)門(men)(men)到石門(men)(men)現場辦(ban)(ban)公,認真落實了(le)扶(fu)持(chi)、發展民(min)營(ying)經濟的(de)(de)(de)優惠政策。隨后(hou),市委出(chu)臺了(le)關于(yu)發展民(min)營(ying)經濟的(de)(de)(de)若干規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)文件(jian),為全市民(min)營(ying)經濟創造(zao)了(le)一個寬松的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境,石門(men)(men)工業區又呈現出(chu)勃勃生機。由于(yu)肖自江的(de)(de)(de)努力,以(yi)及(ji)各級組織在政策上營(ying)造(zao)寬松的(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)環(huan)境,石門(men)(men)村營(ying)造(zao)出(chu)一個良好的(de)(de)(de)投資環(huan)境,使石門(men)(men)村對出(chu)外(wai)經商辦(ban)(ban)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)游子的(de)(de)(de)感召力增強,已經回村辦(ban)(ban)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)板(ban)也(ye)越干越有干勁。而持(chi)觀(guan)望或否定態度(du)的(de)(de)(de)石門(men)(men)老(lao)板(ban)也(ye)放下了(le)心,形(xing)成一股回村辦(ban)(ban)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)潮(chao)。

通過10余年的(de)(de)(de)艱(jian)苦創業(ye),石門村發生了翻天覆地的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua):以五江(jiang)集團為骨干的(de)(de)(de)石門工業(ye)區現有各類民營企業(ye)28家,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)從最(zui)初的(de)(de)(de)塑料制品(pin)(pin)(pin)、勞保手套(tao)發展到高級不銹鋼制品(pin)(pin)(pin)、碧波爾高檔熱(re)(re)水(shui)器、彩色電視機等(deng)科技含量高的(de)(de)(de)10多(duo)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)列200多(duo)個(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)熱(re)(re)銷(xiao)全國(guo),遠(yuan)銷(xiao)法國(guo)、韓國(guo)、日本、美國(guo)、俄羅斯、意大利等(deng)30多(duo)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)家和地區,年產(chan)值達20多(duo)億元,吸(xi)納農村富(fu)余勞力和下崗(gang)職工上萬人。

投(tou)資5000多萬元的(de)(de)小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)建設(she)日新月異。城(cheng)鎮(zhen)面(mian)積達(da)1.7平(ping)方(fang)公里,城(cheng)鎮(zhen)人(ren)口(kou)達(da)12000多人(ren),石門(men)街擁有(you)商業門(men)面(mian)達(da)128家,日供水5000立方(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)自來水廠、3.5萬伏變電站、電信大(da)樓、學校、銀行等(deng)生(sheng)活設(she)施一(yi)應俱全。石門(men)村(cun)國(guo)民生(sheng)產總值達(da)4.8億元,人(ren)平(ping)純收入(ru)達(da)8600元。村(cun)里先后(hou)被評為(wei)“湖(hu)南省小康示范村(cun)”、“全國(guo)文明村(cun)”。

肖自(zi)江回顧這一段歷(li)程(cheng)時說:事實(shi)證(zheng)明(ming),當(dang)時回鄉投資的決策(ce)是(shi)正(zheng)確的。不但回報了家鄉,更是(shi)加(jia)倍擴大了生產規(gui)模,使企(qi)業在(zai)產業化、規(gui)模化方面(mian)躍上了一個(ge)新臺(tai)階。

“能人”的新農村(cun)之夢

有人說,中(zhong)國的(de)經濟是能人經濟,中(zhong)國農(nong)村(cun)集體富裕的(de)村(cun)莊都必(bi)須“有一個人”,這已成為鐵律。 “建設新農(nong)村(cun),關鍵是農(nong)村(cun)人才,其中(zhong)核(he)心(xin)又是農(nong)村(cun)能人。”劍橋大學(xue)(xue)(xue)經濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)博士、華東理(li)工大學(xue)(xue)(xue)教授符鋼戰如是說。

肖自江無疑是“能人經濟“的(de)代(dai)表。但他對于“能人經濟”本(ben)身的(de)局限卻有著深刻的(de)體認。

“新(xin)農(nong)村建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)核心問題(ti)(ti)是(shi)資(zi)金(jin)。”肖(xiao)自(zi)江說。資(zi)金(jin)缺乏已成為困擾新(xin)農(nong)村建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)最大難題(ti)(ti)。據(ju)有關部門初步測算(suan),到2020年(nian),新(xin)農(nong)村建設(she)(she)需要新(xin)增(zeng)資(zi)金(jin)15萬(wan)億元至20萬(wan)億元。新(xin)農(nong)村建設(she)(she)資(zi)金(jin)需求(qiu)總量巨大,僅僅依靠國家財政投(tou)入顯然是(shi)遠遠不夠的(de)(de)。

石門的經(jing)濟發(fa)展,主要依(yi)賴(lai)在(zai)外(wai)經(jing)商辦(ban)廠(chang)的“能人”將其(qi)資金返回(hui)石門村,才帶(dai)動(dong)了它的發(fa)展。這種模式帶(dai)有很大的偶(ou)然(ran)性(xing),在(zai)農村經(jing)濟不發(fa)達(da)的情(qing)況下(xia)更難以(yi)實現。因為(wei)這種模式讓(rang)經(jing)濟能人回(hui)到本(ben)鄉本(ben)村,但(dan)本(ben)鄉本(ben)村并不一定是(shi)最(zui)佳(jia)的投資場(chang)所。

肖自江說,從生產布局的(de)(de)角度(du)看,石門(men)的(de)(de)區(qu)位(wei)條件并不(bu)(bu)理想,單獨把石門(men)建成一(yi)個小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很理想的(de)(de)選擇(ze)。由于區(qu)位(wei)不(bu)(bu)好(hao),交通不(bu)(bu)便,單位(wei)產品的(de)(de)成本費用比在區(qu)位(wei)交通條件較好(hao)的(de)(de)地(di)方明顯要(yao)高一(yi)些(xie),只是(shi)因為有一(yi)些(xie)其他(ta)優(you)惠政策才彌補了一(yi)些(xie)損失。因此,對(dui)于其他(ta)不(bu)(bu)發達地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)農村(cun)來說,今(jin)后不(bu)(bu)應重復(fu)這種局面,而應把鼓勵經濟能(neng)人回鄉(xiang)與小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)建設(she)結合起來,以避(bi)免小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)建設(she)的(de)(de)無序混亂狀況。

肖(xiao)自(zi)江認為,地方政(zheng)府應(ying)當為農(nong)民(min)回鄉(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)或城市(shi)居民(min)到農(nong)村(cun)創(chuang)業(ye)提供(gong)良好(hao)的(de)(de)投資(zi)環境(jing),使其(qi)在農(nong)村(cun)順(shun)利發(fa)展。同時應(ying)改(gai)革一些僵硬的(de)(de)不合理的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)法規(gui),為到農(nong)村(cun)投資(zi)的(de)(de)人(ren)員提供(gong)良好(hao)的(de)(de)投資(zi)環境(jing)。如(ru)在嚴格考察項目可行(xing)(xing)性的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,為有較(jiao)大發(fa)展前途(tu)的(de)(de)項目提供(gong)場地;對(dui)處于創(chuang)業(ye)階段(duan)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)提供(gong)一定(ding)的(de)(de)優惠條件,只要國家法律允(yun)許,對(dui)當地的(de)(de)生態環境(jing)無嚴重損(sun)害,都應(ying)努力支持;在嚴格考察個人(ren)信用(yong)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,為缺乏資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)創(chuang)業(ye)者(zhe)提供(gong)一定(ding)的(de)(de)銀行(xing)(xing)貸(dai)款,使其(qi)不至因資(zi)金(jin)短缺而夭(yao)折。要為民(min)間(jian)投資(zi)者(zhe)創(chuang)造一個持續向上,長(chang)期(qi)增長(chang)的(de)(de)市(shi)場前景和盈利預期(qi)。使現存的(de)(de)巨額民(min)間(jian)資(zi)金(jin)較(jiao)快地融入(ru)建設社會主義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)時代(dai)大潮之中。只有這樣,“能人(ren)經(jing)濟(ji)“的(de)(de)效應(ying)才能夠真正發(fa)揮出(chu)來。

肖(xiao)自(zi)江(jiang)的農村人才(cai)(cai)的匱乏亦有著深(shen)刻的感受(shou):“我們這個地方(fang),環境還很差,所以(yi)引進人才(cai)(cai)難,留住(zhu)人才(cai)(cai)就更(geng)難。我現在一方(fang)面是(shi)高薪聘請(qing)人才(cai)(cai),以(yi)誠相待,來留住(zhu)人才(cai)(cai);另一方(fang)面,就是(shi)在當地培養(yang)人才(cai)(cai),逐漸把(ba)管理、技術人才(cai)(cai)本土(tu)化。”

篇7

著(zhu)眼于整合農(nong)村內(nei)在、現實的(de)自主創業(ye)力(li)量,著(zhu)力(li)于“三(san)農(nong)”難題(ti)的(de)破解,農(nong)民工返鄉創業(ye)活動的(de)深(shen)入開展應注(zhu)意(yi)以下幾個問題(ti):

一、返鄉(xiang)創業活動的(de)(de)主體應有新的(de)(de)拓展

返鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)活動(dong)(dong),是農民工一(yi)(yi)馬當(dang)(dang)先(xian)興起的(de)(de)(de),并(bing)且農民工還(huan)將繼續擔當(dang)(dang)返鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)主力(li)軍,但農村歷年外出(chu)(chu)闖世(shi)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)村民累計(ji)起來也為數不(bu)少,并(bing)分布(bu)在各(ge)行各(ge)業(ye)乃至世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)地,是“建設家(jia)(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、發展家(jia)(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”極其寶貴的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)資源,如果將他(ta)們納入返鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)活動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)之中,加以動(dong)(dong)員和(he)組織,就(jiu)會(hui)形成創(chuang)(chuang)建美好家(jia)(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)線,形成有力(li)出(chu)(chu)力(li)、有錢出(chu)(chu)錢、有智獻智的(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)建共創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)局面(mian),農村自主創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量和(he)水平就(jiu)會(hui)有一(yi)(yi)個大的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升,破解“三(san)農”難題就(jiu)有了更足的(de)(de)(de)底氣(qi)和(he)能量。

二(er)、返鄉創業的導(dao)向要著力(li)于(yu)破解“三農”難題

1.著力破解富(fu)余(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)力轉移難(nan)題。目前我(wo)國農村(cun)約有(you)1億多(duo)富(fu)余(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)力,多(duo)數是難(nan)以外出打(da)工的(de)四五十歲以上的(de)中老年(nian)農民。如(ru)果返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)活動(dong)進展(zhan)得好,很有(you)可(ke)能破解這一(yi)(yi)難(nan)題:一(yi)(yi)是現(xian)有(you)近500萬農民返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)每人帶動(dong)10個(ge)(ge)富(fu)余(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)力自主創(chuang)業(ye)(ye),就可(ke)化解一(yi)(yi)半難(nan)題;二是按(an)現(xian)有(you)近500萬返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者(zhe)創(chuang)辦400萬個(ge)(ge)企業(ye)(ye)、每個(ge)(ge)企業(ye)(ye)創(chuang)造10個(ge)(ge)就業(ye)(ye)崗位(wei)推算,再動(dong)員組(zu)織(zhi)625萬個(ge)(ge)農民工返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)辦500萬個(ge)(ge)企業(ye)(ye),就可(ke)基本破解另一(yi)(yi)半難(nan)題,并實現(xian)富(fu)余(yu)(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)力就地就業(ye)(ye)。

2.著(zhu)力(li)破解農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)短(duan)缺難題。據中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科學院的資料,中國(guo)2000萬個鄉(xiang)鎮企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中,只有35萬個從事(shi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)加工,其(qi)中龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)只有5000個左(zuo)右。創(chuang)辦企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),是返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)者的興奮點。要積極地(di)加以組織和引導,給予重(zhong)點培育與扶持。

3.著力破(po)解(jie)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)新社(she)(she)區(qu)建(jian)設(she)(she)滯后難題。在我國,城市借助(zhu)土地資源(yuan)經(jing)營(ying)城市,面(mian)貌發生了天(tian)翻地覆的(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua),而在農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun),非(fei)農(nong)(nong)建(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)地的(de)規模(mo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)應(ying)與規模(mo)置換(huan)價值未能(neng)得(de)到有(you)效(xiao)開發與利用(yong)(yong)。山東梁錐(zhui)(zhui)村(cun)(cun)以(yi)非(fei)農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)地的(de)規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)置換(huan)與希森三和集團村(cun)(cun)企(qi)互(hu)動、共建(jian)新型農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun),創造了“拆舊(jiu)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)新村(cun)(cun)+公司帶農(nong)(nong)戶+循環經(jing)濟改造”的(de)“希森模(mo)式(shi)”,一舉實現(xian)了梁錐(zhui)(zhui)村(cun)(cun)由“原始(shi)部落(luo)”向“農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)新社(she)(she)區(qu)”的(de)巨變(bian)。可(ke)以(yi)說,采用(yong)(yong)非(fei)農(nong)(nong)建(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)地規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)置換(huan)方(fang)式(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)新社(she)(she)區(qu)大(da)有(you)潛(qian)力、大(da)有(you)文章可(ke)做。

篇8

大家上午好!

七一(yi)之(zhi)際,我(wo)(wo)叫**,2005年7月(yue)畢業(ye)于山西(xi)大(da)學(xue)晉中學(xue)院。懷著一(yi)顆(ke)扎(zha)根(gen)家鄉(xiang),服(fu)務家鄉(xiang)的(de)赤子(zi)之(zhi)心,我(wo)(wo)于2006年7月(yue)參加了選(xuan)聘大(da)學(xue)生村(cun)官(guan)的(de)考試,經(jing)過層(ceng)層(ceng)選(xuan)拔,我(wo)(wo)以面試第(di)一(yi)名的(de)優(you)異成績(ji),榮幸地成為祁縣第(di)一(yi)批(pi)大(da)學(xue)生“村(cun)官(guan)”,來到(dao)祁縣最重(zhong)要的(de)工(gong)業(ye)園區——溫曲村(cun)。

2006年(nian)8月(yue)21日,我(wo)(wo)懷著激動的(de)心情(qing)來到溫(wen)曲(qu)(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun),擔任了(le)村(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)主任助理,開(kai)(kai)始(shi)了(le)我(wo)(wo)的(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)官生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。在村(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)會干(gan)部的(de)指導下,我(wo)(wo)熟悉了(le)溫(wen)曲(qu)(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)基本(ben)情(qing)況,初步了(le)解了(le)溫(wen)曲(qu)(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)輝煌的(de)過去(qu),富裕的(de)今天(tian)(tian),以及對美(mei)好(hao)明(ming)天(tian)(tian)的(de)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)望。9月(yue)初溫(wen)曲(qu)(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)工作正式展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai),我(wo)(wo)積極(ji)與村(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)干(gan)部一(yi)(yi)(yi)起深入(ru)研究村(cun)(cun)(cun)情(qing),共同謀劃(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),我(wo)(wo)們認為搞(gao)新(xin)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)首先要把生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)搞(gao)上(shang)去(qu),于是就結(jie)合(he)當(dang)地(di)特(te)色,以玻璃器皿為生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)龍頭,帶動其他產(chan)(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),形成(cheng)了(le)各業興(xing)旺的(de)大好(hao)局面(mian),年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)總(zong)值(zhi)名列(lie)全縣(xian)前茅(mao)。只(zhi)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)了(le),百姓(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)才會寬裕,讓(rang)(rang)百姓(xing)(xing)吃好(hao)穿好(hao),這(zhe)才是我(wo)(wo)們大學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)官的(de)目的(de)所在啊!生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭奪第一(yi)(yi)(yi),鄉風文(wen)明(ming)也不能(neng)(neng)落后,我(wo)(wo)們深入(ru)挖(wa)掘溫(wen)曲(qu)(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan),整理上(shang)報了(le)“武(wu)秧歌”、“火流星”等傳統(tong)文(wen)化的(de)申遺報告。為了(le)豐富百姓(xing)(xing)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo),村(cun)(cun)(cun)里修建標準化圖(tu)書室一(yi)(yi)(yi)個,購進價值(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)元的(de)圖(tu)書,讓(rang)(rang)百姓(xing)(xing)茶余(yu)(yu)飯(fan)后能(neng)(neng)得(de)到文(wen)化的(de)感染,能(neng)(neng)享(xiang)受文(wen)明(ming)的(de)熏(xun)陶。在村(cun)(cun)(cun)容村(cun)(cun)(cun)貌方面(mian),村(cun)(cun)(cun)里更是花了(le)大力氣,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個月(yue)內修建了(le)27個垃圾堆(dui)放文(wen)秘雜(za)燴網池,建立了(le)長效(xiao)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機制,讓(rang)(rang)百姓(xing)(xing)和成(cheng)里人一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)個既(ji)干(gan)凈又溫(wen)馨的(de)環境里。

在村(cun)委的(de)(de)分(fen)工中(zhong),我(wo)(wo)(wo)除了(le)(le)參與新農村(cun)建設,還分(fen)管了(le)(le)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。2006年是溫曲(qu)村(cun)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校發展史上(shang)的(de)(de)里(li)程碑,9月份新學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)期(qi)開(kai)始(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)村(cun)近200名師(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)徹底告別昏暗、漏雨的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)室,住進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)全(quan)縣第一(yi)家(jia)(jia)花園試學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校。這是一(yi)所(suo)投資180萬(wan)元新的(de)(de)校舍(she),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)硬(ying)件上(shang)去了(le)(le),但如何(he)擺脫溫曲(qu)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質量(liang)居全(quan)鎮同類學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校下游的(de)(de)局(ju)面(mian)呢?我(wo)(wo)(wo)分(fen)管村(cun)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)工作(zuo)后,對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)、教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)、家(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)三方面(mian)因素(su)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)認真分(fen)析,并適時向我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)老(lao)師(shi)、以前的(de)(de)同時請教(jiao)(jiao),與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)座談(tan),深入學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)(jia)里(li)和家(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)談(tan)心(xin)。經過(guo)總結(jie)分(fen)析,我(wo)(wo)(wo)認為學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校存在的(de)(de)主要問題是:學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)底子差、家(jia)(jia)長(chang)(chang)不重視、教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)配置不合理。針對(dui)著一(yi)現(xian)狀我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)召開(kai)村(cun)兩(liang)委專題會。經過(guo)多(duo)方努力,在鎮中(zhong)心(xin)校的(de)(de)支持下,我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)對(dui)群眾反(fan)映大(da)的(de)(de)4位老(lao)師(shi)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)更換,又對(dui)校長(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)重新任命。經過(guo)整(zheng)頓,溫曲(qu)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)領導(dao)班子團結(jie)有力,師(shi)資配置合理,師(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)精神面(mian)貌發生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)根本變化,在去年期(qi)末考(kao)試中(zhong)全(quan)校成績勇趕猛超了(le)(le)7所(suo)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。

轉眼(yan)我來(lai)到溫(wen)曲(qu)村已經(jing)7個(ge)(ge)月了(le),回(hui)想著7個(ge)(ge)月來(lai)溫(wen)曲(qu)村發生(sheng)的變化和取得的成績,我心中(zhong)感(gan)到無比欣慰,7個(ge)(ge)月很(hen)短暫(zan),卻成為(wei)了(le)我人生(sheng)中(zhong)最充(chong)實的7個(ge)(ge)月,充(chong)實是因為(wei)我作為(wei)村官為(wei)百姓辦了(le)實事,為(wei)新農村建設貢獻了(le)一份(fen)力量。

村(cun)(cun)官(guan)(guan)隨(sui)小,是(shi)個(ge)(ge)芝麻官(guan)(guan),但他同樣肩負著“立黨為公,執政為民”的光輝使命。在初當村(cun)(cun)官(guan)(guan)這(zhe)短(duan)暫的7個(ge)(ge)月(yue)中,我(wo)以8個(ge)(ge)大字為座右銘,認(ren)真學習(xi)黨的方針政策,虛(xu)心向村(cun)(cun)里(li)的老干部學習(xi),真誠與(yu)村(cun)(cun)民交心,努力地去(qu)做每一件事,在磨合中,漸(jian)漸(jian)適應了(le)工作;在接觸中,漫(man)漫(man)融汝(ru)了(le)溫曲村(cun)(cun)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)集體。

篇9

關鍵詞:西(xi)部(bu)地區;新農村建(jian)設;特(te)殊(shu)性;制約性;實現(xian)機(ji)制

中圖分類號:F320.3文(wen)獻標識(shi)碼:A 文(wen)章編(bian)號:1002-2848-2007(04)-0057-06

建設(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)代化進(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)重大歷(li)史(shi)任(ren)務(wu),這是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)央從全(quan)面落實(shi)科學發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀、統籌城鄉發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、促(cu)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)互(hu)動的(de)(de)高度對新(xin)世紀建設(she)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)做(zuo)出的(de)(de)重大部署。根據西部地區(qu)(qu)大多數農(nong)(nong)村(cun)自(zi)(zi)然條件差、民族(zu)聚(ju)居(ju)區(qu)(qu)多、經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)落后(hou)等(deng)自(zi)(zi)然和(he)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況,必須創造性(xing)地貫徹執行中(zhong)央關于加(jia)快西部地區(qu)(qu)經濟(ji)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、逐步縮小發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)差距、實(shi)現(xian)區(qu)(qu)域協調發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)政策措施,特(te)別是(shi)(shi)扎(zha)實(shi)推進(jin)(jin)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she),做(zuo)好構建和(he)諧(xie)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)基礎工(gong)作,開創西部地區(qu)(qu)和(he)諧(xie)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新(xin)局面。

一、西部地區(qu)社(she)會(hui)主義(yi)新農村(cun)建設的特殊(shu)性

我國(guo)(guo)早在20世紀50年代(dai)就(jiu)有(you)“社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)”的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)法(fa)。20世紀80年代(dai)初,又提(ti)(ti)出(chu)“小(xiao)康社(she)(she)會”的(de)(de)(de)概念(nian),其中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)就(jiu)是小(xiao)康社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)重要內容之一(yi)。林毅夫在1999年提(ti)(ti)出(chu)實(shi)施“新(xin)(xin)村(cun)(cun)運動”,我國(guo)(guo)政府在全(quan)國(guo)(guo)范圍內發(fa)起一(yi)場以(yi)實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)自來水化(hua)、電氣化(hua)、道路(lu)網(wang)化(hua)為核心的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)運動,加快了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)地區和生活消費有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)基礎設(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),啟動了(le)廣大的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)市場,擴(kuo)大了(le)國(guo)(guo)內需求(qiu)。而(er)現階(jie)段(duan)突出(chu)強調建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun),是我國(guo)(guo)經濟社(she)(she)會發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)必然要求(qiu),其有(you)著豐富而(er)深刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)內涵。統籌(chou)城鄉發(fa)展、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)和工(gong)業(ye)(ye)反(fan)哺(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)都(dou)是我國(guo)(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)中(zhong)期階(jie)段(duan)新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)關(guan)系和城鄉關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種概括。統籌(chou)城鄉發(fa)展、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)和工(gong)業(ye)(ye)反(fan)哺(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是有(you)機(ji)銜接的(de)(de)(de)。統籌(chou)城鄉發(fa)展是戰(zhan)略(lve)思路(lu),工(gong)業(ye)(ye)反(fan)哺(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是戰(zhan)略(lve)取向,而(er)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)則是戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)(de)(de)具體化(hua)。

從政策(ce)層面上來看新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵(han),新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)”主要體(ti)現在:產業發展(zhan)(zhan)要形成“新(xin)(xin)(xin)格局”,加快建(jian)設現代農(nong)(nong)業,繁榮(rong)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟,是(shi)(shi)建(jian)設新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要任(ren)務;農(nong)(nong)民(min)生活(huo)水平要實(shi)現“新(xin)(xin)(xin)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)”,千(qian)方百計增(zeng)加農(nong)(nong)民(min)收入,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)民(min)生活(huo)質量,是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)目標 ;鄉(xiang)風民(min)俗要倡導(dao)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)風尚(shang)”,發展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)社(she)會事業,培養造就(jiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)民(min),是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要內容;鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)面貌(mao)要呈現“新(xin)(xin)(xin)變化(hua)”,加強農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)

基礎設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she),改善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)人(ren)居環境(jing),是新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的關鍵環節;鄉(xiang)村(cun)治理(li)要健全(quan)“新(xin)(xin)機(ji)(ji)制” ,深(shen)化農(nong)村(cun)改革,加強(qiang)基層(ceng)民主(zhu)和基層(ceng)組織建(jian)(jian)設(she),是社會(hui)主(zhu)義新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的有力保障(zhang)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)社會(hui)主(zhu)義新(xin)(xin)農(nong)村(cun)是一(yi)項(xiang)偉大的歷(li)史(shi)任務,一(yi)方面為西(xi)部農(nong)村(cun)地區全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)設(she)小康社會(hui)提供了(le)良好的機(ji)(ji)遇。另一(yi)方面,也對西(xi)部地區農(nong)村(cun)的發(fa)展提出了(le)嚴峻的挑戰和新(xin)(xin)要求。

從整體(ti)上分析(xi),西(xi)部(bu)地區農(nong)(nong)村(cun)大(da)部(bu)分屬于欠發達區,自然(ran)條件較(jiao)惡(e)劣、經(jing)(jing)濟發展水(shui)平(ping)較(jiao)低,經(jing)(jing)濟基礎薄弱,社會發展滯后,民主法(fa)制(zhi)建設滯后,這些(xie)因素在很大(da)程度阻礙了西(xi)部(bu)地區社會主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設。與其(qi)他地區相比較(jiao),西(xi)部(bu)地區新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設具有其(qi)典型(xing)的特殊性(xing):

(一)剛(gang)性(xing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)背景下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)嚴重分(fen)(fen)離。西(xi)(xi)部(bu)地(di)(di)區是經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)欠發達地(di)(di)區,存(cun)在(zai)著典型的(de)(de)(de)“雙層剛(gang)性(xing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)”。[1] 從(cong)(cong)(cong)總(zong)體上是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市現代(dai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)部(bu)門(men)與(yu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)傳(chuan)統經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)部(bu)門(men)并存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou),而(er)每一元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中又分(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)層:從(cong)(cong)(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市來(lai)看,是現代(dai)工(gong)業(ye)與(yu)傳(chuan)統工(gong)業(ye)并存(cun),傳(chuan)統工(gong)業(ye)所(suo)(suo)占比重大。從(cong)(cong)(cong)農(nong)村(cun)來(lai)看,是傳(chuan)統農(nong)業(ye)與(yu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮企業(ye)為代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)并存(cun),而(er)且(qie),傳(chuan)統農(nong)業(ye)所(suo)(suo)占比重大,增加值(zhi)小,產業(ye)鏈短,農(nong)民收(shou)入(ru)低。西(xi)(xi)部(bu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)是由復雜原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)造成的(de)(de)(de),傳(chuan)統經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體制下的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)和重工(gong)業(ye)優先(xian)發展的(de)(de)(de)戰略是形成二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因(yin)(yin),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)戶籍制度強化了西(xi)(xi)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。西(xi)(xi)部(bu)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)(cha)異較為突(tu)出,從(cong)(cong)(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生產率(lv)差(cha)(cha)別、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)收(shou)入(ru)差(cha)(cha)距及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生活質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)差(cha)(cha)異這三(san)個角(jiao)度來(lai)衡量(liang)(liang)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)地(di)(di)區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發展差(cha)(cha)異,然而(er)每個指標(biao)都(dou)體現了西(xi)(xi)部(bu)地(di)(di)區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發展的(de)(de)(de)突(tu)出不平(ping)衡性(xing)。從(cong)(cong)(cong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對比系(xi)數(shu)來(lai)看,2004年僅(jin)有新疆、重慶(qing)、四(si)川(chuan)、廣西(xi)(xi)四(si)省(sheng)(sheng)(市、自治區)高(gao)于(yu)全國平(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)0.203,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化突(tu)出;從(cong)(cong)(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)收(shou)入(ru)差(cha)(cha)距來(lai)看,僅(jin)有四(si)川(chuan)、內蒙古兩(liang)省(sheng)(sheng)區的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)收(shou)入(ru)差(cha)(cha)距低于(yu)全國的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)水平(ping),其他省(sheng)(sheng)份均(jun)(jun)高(gao)于(yu)全國平(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi),有的(de)(de)(de)省(sheng)(sheng)份的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民純收(shou)入(ru)甚至僅(jin)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮居民可(ke)支配收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)1/5;從(cong)(cong)(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)恩(en)格爾差(cha)(cha)異系(xi)數(shu)來(lai)看,除陜西(xi)(xi)、寧夏、新疆三(san)省(sheng)(sheng)區的(de)(de)(de)恩(en)格爾系(xi)數(shu)低于(yu)全國平(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)9.46%,其他各省(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)超過了10%,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)發展差(cha)(cha)異突(tu)出(見表1)。

(二)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)進程緩(huan)慢(man)引致西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)滯后。改革開放以(yi)(yi)來,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)異(yi)軍突起,成(cheng)為(wei)我國工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)進程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)特(te)征,鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟乃至整個(ge)區(qu)(qu)域經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)作用巨大(da)(da)。但(dan)(dan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)極(ji)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。2001年全(quan)(quan)國668786萬(wan)個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)317423個(ge),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)47.46%,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)282263個(ge),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)42.2%,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)69100個(ge),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.33%;在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國3328萬(wan)名鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)職工中(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)1936萬(wan)人(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)57.4%,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)1124萬(wan)人(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)33.4%,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)有(you)(you)312萬(wan)人(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)9.26%;全(quan)(quan)國鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)固定(ding)資產(chan)(chan)原值(zhi)合(he)計13514億(yi)元(yuan),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)9643億(yi)元(yuan),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)71.35%,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)2936億(yi)元(yuan),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)21.72%,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)936億(yi)元(yuan),僅(jin)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.93%。在(zai)2001年全(quan)(quan)國鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)72.03%,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.01%,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.10%;在(zai)凈利潤總額中(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)71.75%,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.74%,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.65%。[2]從上(shang)述指標看出,東(dong)(dong)、中(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)差距,不(bu)但(dan)(dan)體(ti)現在(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數量(liang)上(shang),更多(duo)地(di)(di)體(ti)現在(zai)單個(ge)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模上(shang),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資產(chan)(chan)規(gui)模有(you)(you)關,另外還與企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)與技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)有(you)(you)關,加(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)由地(di)(di)理條件優劣和(he)(he)對外開放程度(du)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對外貿易的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)。因(yin)(yin)此,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)入(ru)不(bu)足、資產(chan)(chan)規(gui)模小、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)低(di)等因(yin)(yin)素(su)勢必導致發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速度(du)回落。西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滯后發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)落后,導致了二元(yuan)經(jing)濟結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua)(hua)遲緩(huan),對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力(li)(li)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)。(三)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)進程滯后導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)增長緩(huan)慢(man)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)統籌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)經(jing)濟社(she)(she)(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提供強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)(li),績效是多(duo)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)從根本解決城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)居民(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)問題。蔡等人(ren)(2002)測(ce)算,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關度(du)高達0.83,呈(cheng)顯(xian)著(zhu)正相關。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)越高,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)越高。其(qi)(qi)二,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)創造更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)崗位,特(te)別是第三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動力(li)(li)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)三,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)刺激(ji)消(xiao)費,擴大(da)(da)內需(xu)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看出,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)對于建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位和(he)(he)作用,一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)促進經(jing)濟結(jie)構(gou)(gou)、社(she)(she)(she)會結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)級,使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)量(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)轉變為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)口(kou)(kou),使(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)由一(yi)(yi)家一(yi)(yi)戶(hu)經(jing)營,轉變為(wei)規(gui)模經(jing)營,便于應用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)技(ji)術(shu),實施(shi)訂單農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),提高產(chan)(chan)量(liang),增加(jia)(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)價值(zhi)觀念(nian)向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)擴散,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)健全(quan)(quan)、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)繁榮、社(she)(she)(she)會更加(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)諧、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)容(rong)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)整潔,達到建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。再之(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素(su)向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)轉移可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)帶動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),延長其(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)條,帶動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。目(mu)前西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)較低(di),從數據看出(見圖(tu)1),西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)除重(zhong)慶、內蒙古外都低(di)于全(quan)(quan)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)43%,特(te)別是四川等人(ren)口(kou)(kou)大(da)(da)省城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)低(di),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)多(duo)數,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)導地(di)(di)位,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)程度(du)低(di)。這樣,工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)反(fan)哺農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)度(du)就小,公共財政向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)傾斜(xie)小,滿足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)道路、安(an)全(quan)(quan)飲水(shui)、沼氣、用電、通訊(xun)、廣播電視等建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)資金缺乏,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)參與積極(ji)性低(di),社(she)(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)就成(cheng)為(wei)無源之(zhi)水(shui)。

(四(si))經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)基礎條(tiao)件差形成了大量的(de)貧困人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)。改革開放以來,我國的(de)貧困人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)在不斷減少,目前(qian)我國的(de)農村貧困人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)多集(ji)中在自(zi)然條(tiao)件惡劣、基礎設施落(luo)后的(de)西(xi)部(bu)偏(pian)遠地(di)區(qu),且(qie)多為(wei)(wei)少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)。西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)中20多個民族(zu)(zu)跨國界而(er)(er)居(ju),因而(er)(er)西(xi)部(bu)少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)脫貧問題(ti)(ti)不僅(jin)是經(jing)濟問題(ti)(ti),而(er)(er)且(qie)是敏感的(de)政治問題(ti)(ti),處(chu)理不當將影響民族(zu)(zu)團結(jie)、社(she)會穩(wen)定和國家安全。截至2004年末(mo),全國農村絕對貧困人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)為(wei)(wei)2610萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)中,東部(bu)地(di)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)374萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)14.3%;中部(bu)地(di)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)931萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)35.7 %;西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)1305萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),占(zhan)(zhan)50%。東、中、西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)貧困發(fa)(fa)生率分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1.0 %、2.8 % 和5.7 %[4](如(ru)圖(tu)2、圖(tu)3所示)。

因此(ci),在西部地(di)區建設社會(hui)主義新農(nong)(nong)村必須首先解決大量(liang)的(de)貧困人口問題(ti),加(jia)大對貧困農(nong)(nong)民的(de)教育培訓,使(shi)農(nong)(nong)民掌握(wo)實用的(de)技能(neng),讓他們走出大山,走向城市,不但(dan)能(neng)增加(jia)收入,而(er)且能(neng)夠帶(dai)回先進(jin)的(de)理念,回家創業能(neng)夠帶(dai)動(dong)家鄉致富(fu)。

二、西(xi)部地區(qu)社會主義新農(nong)村建設的制約(yue)因(yin)素分析

西部地(di)區建設社會主義(yi)新農(nong)村的(de)(de)特殊性導致在建設過(guo)程存在一系列制約(yue)因(yin)素,因(yin)此,需要(yao)對(dui)這些(xie)制約(yue)因(yin)素加以分(fen)析(xi),找(zhao)出問題(ti)的(de)(de)癥結,探析(xi)產生的(de)(de)原因(yin),這樣有利于解決西部地(di)區社會主義(yi)新農(nong)村建設面臨的(de)(de)問題(ti)。其制約(yue)性主要(yao)表現在:

(一)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟(ji)結(jie)構對西(xi)部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)的(de)制約(yue)。西(xi)部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)結(jie)構性制約(yue)是多(duo)方面的(de),由此導致農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)低,農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構轉型緩慢,成為(wei)(wei)建設(she)社(she)會主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)障礙。從(cong)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)結(jie)構來看(kan),2004年西(xi)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)人均(jun)純(chun)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)2936元,人均(jun)生(sheng)活消(xiao)費支出(chu)為(wei)(wei)2185元,僅相當于全國平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)73.47%;同時西(xi)部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)城鄉居(ju)民(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)之比(bi)最(zui)小為(wei)(wei)四川3.28 ,則為(wei)(wei)5.59 ,大(da)多(duo)數(shu)省份(fen)大(da)于全國平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)3.45;從(cong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構和就業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構來看(kan),西(xi)部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)第一產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)增加值占地區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)總值比(bi)重(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)18.7%,全國平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)15.1% ;第一產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)人員占全社(she)會從(cong)業(ye)(ye)人員比(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)(wei)56.0%,全國平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)46.9%。從(cong)此可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu),西(xi)部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)還占主(zhu)導地位,而農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品價(jia)格對農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)增幅作用不斷減弱(ruo),農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資料價(jia)格上漲,種糧(liang)成本升高,直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)提高進而影(ying)響(xiang)西(xi)部(bu)地區(qu)(qu)社(she)會主(zhu)義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)實現。

(二)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人口(kou)素質低(di)對西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設的(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)。人力資(zi)本是經濟增長的(de)(de)(de)主要因(yin)素,其與地(di)區(qu)(qu)經濟發展、文明(ming)鄉風的(de)(de)(de)形成呈正相關關系。據統(tong)計,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)不識(shi)(shi)字或識(shi)(shi)字很少率高(gao)于(yu)全(quan)國水平(ping)(ping),2004年,全(quan)國的(de)(de)(de)不識(shi)(shi)字或識(shi)(shi)字很少率為7.46 %,除廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)4.15% 、內蒙古5.97% 重(zhong)慶(qing)7.45 %外(wai),而(er)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)超過全(quan)國平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值,如達48.02%、青(qing)海達30.52%、甘肅達18.67%。按(an)人均(jun)純收入(ru)來看,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民(min)家庭(ting)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力文化(hua)程度與其收入(ru)相關,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)內蒙古、四川(chuan)、重(zhong)慶(qing)、寧夏、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、新(xin)疆處于(yu)2000-3000元地(di)區(qu)(qu),其余(yu)處于(yu)2000元以下(xia)地(di)區(qu)(qu)。同(tong)時西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)高(gao)等教育水平(ping)(ping)落后,以每萬人在校大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)數(shu)衡量,2004年西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)為78人,東部(bu)(bu)為169人,全(quan)國為103人,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)僅(jin)為東部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)46.1%,全(quan)國的(de)(de)(de)75.7%,而(er)這些(xie)(xie)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)畢業(ye)后就業(ye)主要集中(zhong)在大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)城(cheng)市及縣城(cheng),回到農(nong)(nong)村(cun)為農(nong)(nong)民(min)和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)為極少數(shu)。由于(yu)近年來大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)出現了暫時困(kun)(kun)難,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)有些(xie)(xie)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)方又出現了讀書無(wu)用論的(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。同(tong)時,一些(xie)(xie)家庭(ting)因(yin)供孩子上學(xue)(xue)(xue)出現了返貧(pin)現象,輟(chuo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)率較高(gao)。人口(kou)素質低(di)不僅(jin)嚴重(zhong)阻(zu)礙了勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)力的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)和(he)就業(ye)空間的(de)(de)(de)選擇,從而(er)阻(zu)礙了文明(ming)鄉風的(de)(de)(de)形成、管理民(min)主的(de)(de)(de)實施。

(三(san))農(nong)村(cun)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度低對西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)新農(nong)村(cun)建設(she)的(de)(de)制約。我國長期的(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)化過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一直(zhi)以犧(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)剩余(yu)來換取工(gong)業(ye)化的(de)(de)發(fa)展,區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)之間的(de)(de)差(cha)距和(he)擴(kuo)張在(zai)很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上也(ye)是偏重東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu),犧(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)結果,由(you)此(ci)也(ye)導致了區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)差(cha)異。樊綱等人(ren)(2004)專門測算2002年不同區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化綜合指數,結果顯(xian)示,全國平均水平為5.98,東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)為7.72、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)為5.38 、西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)為4.68,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)相差(cha)3.04。西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)經濟增(zeng)長中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)政府投入(ru)少,而(er)且管制更多,非市(shi)(shi)場(chang)因(yin)素長期存在(zai),使得區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)經濟增(zeng)長缺(que)乏(fa)效率。特別是農(nong)產品市(shi)(shi)場(chang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)十分緩慢,由(you)于價格波動和(he)生產資料價格的(de)(de)上漲(zhang),影響農(nong)民的(de)(de)收入(ru),種糧(liang)積極性下降(jiang);在(zai)勞動力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)方(fang)面,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)勞動力(li)流(liu)動已成規(gui)模(mo),但農(nong)民工(gong)在(zai)城市(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)條件差(cha),待(dai)遇低,缺(que)乏(fa)醫療(liao)、保險、衛生等方(fang)面的(de)(de)社會保障,且為勞動力(li)流(liu)動提(ti)供(gong)服務(wu)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介機(ji)構還相當缺(que)乏(fa),這一切影響農(nong)民收入(ru)的(de)(de)提(ti)高。

(四)惡劣的自然條件對西(xi)部地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)新農村建設(she)的制約。目前,西(xi)部地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)國(guo)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)積占全國(guo)的71.3%,集中了全國(guo)主(zhu)要的大山、高原(yuan)(yuan)、沙漠(mo)、戈壁、冰川以(yi)及(ji)永久性積雪地(di)(di)域,西(xi)北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)干(gan)旱少雨、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)沙化嚴(yan)重,導致草原(yuan)(yuan)退化嚴(yan)重,沙塵暴頻頻發生;黃土(tu)(tu)區(qu)(qu)溝壑縱(zong)橫(heng),土(tu)(tu)質疏松、水(shui)土(tu)(tu)流失嚴(yan)重,自然災害(hai)頻繁發生,糧食單產(chan)產(chan)量(liang)低;西(xi)南地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)山多地(di)(di)少、土(tu)(tu)質貧瘠,耕地(di)(di)零碎,沙漠(mo)化嚴(yan)重,不(bu)利于實行農業(ye)規模化經營(ying)、集約化耕作;青藏高原(yuan)(yuan)海拔高,氣候寒冷,交通不(bu)便、信(xin)息閉(bi)塞,居(ju)民居(ju)住分散,游(you)牧(mu)式散養放牧(mu)。這一切既是西(xi)部地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)貧困的原(yuan)(yuan)因,也是西(xi)部地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)建設(she)社會主(zhu)義新農村必須突破的自然條件制約。

三、西部地區社會(hui)主義新農村建設的實現途徑

圍繞(rao)建設(she)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)新農村這一現代化進(jin)(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)的(de)重大歷史任務,西部地(di)區必須認(ren)清區域(yu)的(de)特殊性,并從(cong)其制約因素出發,在有限的(de)領域(yu)內抓住核心問題進(jin)(jin)(jin)行重點突破,扎實(shi)穩步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)西部地(di)區的(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)新農村建設(she),縮小城鄉之(zhi)間的(de)差距。

(一(yi))以(yi)結構的(de)轉型推進西部地(di)區(qu)的(de)新農村建設(she)。

建設(she)社會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村,要(yao)有厚實(shi)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)支(zhi)撐,必須大(da)(da)力(li)提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li),優化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)(he)區域布局,大(da)(da)力(li)培育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),通(tong)過(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、優質(zhi)、高(gao)效、生(sheng)態(tai)、安全的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)經(jing)營,持(chi)續(xu)提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)效益,不斷(duan)增(zeng)強(qiang)西(xi)部地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭力(li),逐(zhu)(zhu)步增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)收入(ru),促(cu)進(jin)二元(yuan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構及(ji)社會(hui)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)。(1)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)方面(mian):結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)退(tui)耕(geng)還林、還草,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)節水農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以設(she)施(shi)化(hua)養(yang)殖為(wei)重點,大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)優質(zhi)、多樣化(hua)的(de)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品養(yang)殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),形成產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)經(jing)營,提高(gao)其附(fu)加(jia)值,增(zeng)加(jia)環境(jing)脆弱區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)收入(ru)增(zeng)加(jia);加(jia)快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)優質(zhi)棉花、水果、蔬菜、花卉(hui)、中藥材、煙葉、茶葉等(deng)(deng)具(ju)有傳統優勢產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),建設(she)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、規模化(hua)的(de)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di);強(qiang)化(hua)條(tiao)件較好地(di)(di)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技(ji)創新(xin),加(jia)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構調整的(de)力(li)度(du),重點圍(wei)繞設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、綠色(se)(se)食品和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),對(dui)設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、工廠化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、優質(zhi)品牌農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)標準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、綠色(se)(se)食品的(de)無公害生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),高(gao)效低成本(ben)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品精深加(jia)工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)以及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品保鮮(xian)儲(chu)運技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)重點攻關,拓寬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)增(zeng)收渠道。(2)二元(yuan)經(jing)濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)方面(mian):為(wei)實(shi)現二元(yuan)經(jing)濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua),大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),把其作(zuo)為(wei)鄉鎮企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)優勢產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)來培育(yu)(yu)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)副產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工、儲(chu)藏、保鮮(xian)、運銷業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。同時大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)第三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),主要(yao)包括:科技(ji)服務(wu)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)信息咨詢、金融(rong)(rong)保險等(deng)(deng)服務(wu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);開發(fa)(fa)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村房地(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)旅游等(deng)(deng)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);建設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang),積極培育(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村資金和(he)(he)(he)(he)勞動力(li)等(deng)(deng)要(yao)素(su)市(shi)場(chang)。(3)社會(hui)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構方面(mian):通(tong)過(guo)社會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)長期建設(she),使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民收入(ru)不斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia),即實(shi)施(shi)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)反(fan)哺(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、城市(shi)支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村戰略,實(shi)現城鄉統籌發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),逐(zhu)(zhu)步改(gai)變(bian)(bian)城鄉二元(yuan)經(jing)濟結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構,進(jin)而實(shi)現社會(hui)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian),建立一個(ge)融(rong)(rong)物質(zhi)文明(ming)、精神文明(ming)、政治(zhi)文明(ming)為(wei)一體的(de)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村,由傳統社會(hui)向現代化(hua)社會(hui)過(guo)渡。

(二)以(yi)制度創(chuang)新為西(xi)部地區的新農(nong)村(cun)建設創(chuang)造條件。

社會(hui)(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)創新(xin)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)服(fu)(fu)從國民(min)經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)大局,通過(guo)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)非正(zheng)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)安排,致力(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長期持續(xu)穩定增(zeng)長以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)形勢下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)鄉一(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)。必(bi)(bi)須(xu)解(jie)決(jue)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)結(jie)構性(xing)矛盾,徹底改(gai)革(ge)(ge)傳(chuan)統經濟(ji)(ji)社會(hui)(hui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)鄉分(fen)(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。(1)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程。改(gai)變(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)傳(chuan)統小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封閉式(shi)經營方(fang)式(shi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)素(su)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品銷售(shou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各要(yao)素(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品進(jin)(jin)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),逐步(bu)(bu)(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)結(jie)構布局合(he)理、功(gong)能齊全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)網(wang)絡體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)。(2)推進(jin)(jin)戶(hu)籍制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)。以(yi)戶(hu)籍制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)仍在(zai)(zai)(zai)阻礙著(zhu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暢通流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong),是限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)鄉勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。因此,要(yao)按照公平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,從制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)上(shang)疏通城(cheng)鄉之間勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)發(fa)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),創造(zao)盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)會(hui)(hui),實現勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)到城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有序(xu)轉移,從機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)創造(zao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入(ru)持久(jiu)性(xing)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源泉。(3)探索新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)途徑(jing)。“土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底線是保(bao)護(hu)(hu)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、維(wei)護(hu)(hu)糧食安全、不(bu)讓農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)失業(ye)(ye)(ye)”[5]。在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)證不(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),更加(jia)(jia)突出耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),積極探索城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)、工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)轉政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),解(jie)決(jue)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)散(san)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)、分(fen)(fen)戶(hu)經營與產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)、小生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與大市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾。進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容,將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)權(quan)獨立(li)化(hua)(hua)為使用(yong)(yong)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan),建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)并完善(shan)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)權(quan)流(liu)(liu)轉制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。實現土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)權(quan)流(liu)(liu)轉,關鍵是要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),如土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)權(quan)轉讓市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)、各種中(zhong)介(jie)服(fu)(fu)務機(ji)構和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)協調機(ji)構、土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)流(liu)(liu)轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)規條例及相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督管理組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)金(jin)融組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及其他必(bi)(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)套服(fu)(fu)務組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設施系(xi)統。(4)完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)障制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。主要(yao)包括社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)險、社會(hui)(hui)救助、醫療衛生服(fu)(fu)務、房屋政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)、教育政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)、老(lao)女兒童的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福利(li)、社區與非營利(li)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)等(deng)。(5)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)。“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合(he)作組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品行業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),是加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)創新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)途徑(jing)”[6],對于(yu)(yu)(yu)那些處于(yu)(yu)(yu)弱(ruo)勢地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)散(san)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)(hui),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)節(jie)約分(fen)(fen)散(san)闖市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交易成本(ben),并在(zai)(zai)(zai)科(ke)技進(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)升(sheng)級(ji)、塑造(zao)品牌和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)人才培訓、推進(jin)(jin)標準化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)信息化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設等(deng)方(fang)面形成聯合(he)優勢、獲得規模(mo)經濟(ji)(ji),實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯合(he)自(zi)治或自(zi)律、自(zi)強、自(zi)衛,從而(er)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)、生活方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)。

(三(san)(san))以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)推進(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設(she)(she)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主題是(shi)(shi)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變,這一(yi)結構轉變包(bao)括兩個方(fang)面,一(yi)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值比(bi)(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值比(bi)(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降,這是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人口比(bi)(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)比(bi)(bi)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升,這是(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)。在(zai)一(yi)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中,伴隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村也有(you)(you)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)問題。“在(zai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)階段(duan),工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)點,而當城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到一(yi)定程(cheng)度,就需要(yao)(yao)注意工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。”[7]因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設(she)(she)中要(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)推進(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設(she)(she)。(1)加快西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)要(yao)(yao)通過農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),大(da)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),把(ba)其(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培育。且農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)勞動(dong)力過剩和(he)資本(ben)稀缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)資源稟賦條件相適(shi)應。因(yin)此(ci),西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應選(xuan)擇(ze)勞動(dong)密集(ji)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),圍繞農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)副產(chan)(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優(you)勢產(chan)(chan)(chan)品,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)副產(chan)(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、儲藏(zang)、保鮮、運銷(xiao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)第三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。通過鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)龍頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)身份(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變,實現(xian)離土不離鄉(xiang)(xiang)。(2)加快西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對鄉(xiang)(xiang)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)作(zuo)用。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設(she)(she)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)促進(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)到進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)壯大(da),加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)程(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)聚效(xiao)應,將為(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)創造出新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)機。趨同企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)通過多(duo)種方(fang)式相互(hu)組合(he),籌(chou)集(ji)資金(jin),組建有(you)(you)一(yi)定經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)實力的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)、中型集(ji)團(tuan)和(he)公司,增強競爭(zheng)力,占領市(shi)場;新(xin)(xin)興企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢,做好市(shi)場調查與(yu)定位,贏得(de)市(shi)場份(fen)額(e),獲取較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益,得(de)到進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)(qu)推進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)一(yi)環(huan)。因(yin)此(ci),要(yao)(yao)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種現(xian)實或潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢,有(you)(you)重(zhong)點、有(you)(you)步(bu)驟(zou)地建設(she)(she)具有(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),使之與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)、中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)一(yi)起構成強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)體(ti)系,推動(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和(he)社會進(jin)步(bu)。

(四)以政(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)導引(yin)西部地區(qu)的(de)新農村建設。

建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),實(shi)施城鄉(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)體(ti)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)協調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰略(lve),促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟全(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),必須要(yao)求取(qu)消城鄉(xiang)(xiang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種種不(bu)平(ping)等待(dai)遇,使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)和城市居民(min)(min)(min)一(yi)樣擁(yong)有平(ping)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利、義(yi)務(wu)(wu)和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機會(hui)(hui)(hui)。這就需要(yao)以政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)導引(yin)西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she):(1)公(gong)共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)西(xi)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公(gong)共(gong)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給。西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)在社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過程中,首先要(yao)實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合,切實(shi)解決好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、科技、文(wen)化、社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)保(bao)障及社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)公(gong)正,加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)各項社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)享受公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping),國家要(yao)不(bu)斷(duan)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)對西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)轉移支(zhi)付的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)度,擴大(da)(da)公(gong)共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋(gai)范圍,統籌城鄉(xiang)(xiang)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、衛生(sheng)和文(wen)化事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),統籌城鄉(xiang)(xiang)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)保(bao)障體(ti)系和交通網絡建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。其(qi)次(ci)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立多元(yuan)投(tou)融資(zi)體(ti)系。在西(xi)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中,政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府投(tou)資(zi)應(ying)發(fa)揮主(zhu)導性(xing)作(zuo)用,逐(zhu)步形成政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府投(tou)資(zi)引(yin)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多渠道、多元(yuan)化投(tou)資(zi)體(ti)系。對于西(xi)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)施中非經(jing)營(ying)性(xing)或(huo)關系國計民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)、社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)效益(yi)非常大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目,仍(reng)應(ying)以政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府投(tou)資(zi)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti),除此之外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項目都(dou)應(ying)允許或(huo)鼓(gu)勵(li)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)間資(zi)本(ben)進(jin)入。(2)通過教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支(zhi)持(chi)西(xi)部(bu)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中人口素(su)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)。首先,增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)投(tou)入,整合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)資(zi)源,提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量,積極創造條件(jian)實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)免(mian)費義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),讓(rang)每個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)兒童(tong)和青少年都(dou)能享受義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)。其(qi)次(ci),切實(shi)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科技文(wen)化素(su)質(zhi)。以實(shi)施“萬名農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)素(su)質(zhi)培(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)(gong)程”為(wei)抓(zhua)手(shou),大(da)(da)力(li)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)用技術培(pei)訓(xun),發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),滿足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)致富(fu)(fu)、創業(ye)(ye)(ye)致富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。最后,加(jia)(jia)強普法宣傳教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu),提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法制意識(shi),不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)自我(wo)(wo)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、自我(wo)(wo)管(guan)理(li)、自我(wo)(wo)約(yue)束、自我(wo)(wo)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。

參考文獻:

[1]任(ren)保平.西部二(er)元工(gong)業化及其協調發展(zhan)[J].財經科(ke)學,2004(1):63-67.

[2]劉斌,等.中(zhong)國三農問題報告[M].北京(jing):中(zhong)國發展出版社,2005.

[3]李善同(tong).西部大(da)開發(fa)與地區協調發(fa)展[M].北京:商務印書館(guan),2003.118.

[4]高新才(cai).西部地(di)區新農村建(jian)設的五(wu)大(da)障礙(ai)及其突破[J].蘭州大(da)學(xue)學(xue)報(bao),2006(3):82-87.

[5]王東京(jing).保護耕地不單是經(jing)(jing)濟問題[J].中國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟史論壇,2004(4):22.

[6]蓋爾?約翰遜.經濟發展中的農業、農村、農民問題(中譯本)[M].林毅(yi)夫,等,譯,北京:商務印書館,2004.89.

篇10

從家(jia)門口(kou)搭上面的,只有(you)20分鐘的路程(cheng)。或(huo)許是聽(ting)慣了(le)街市中的喧鬧,或(huo)許是擺脫了(le)挑燈夜(ye)戰的疲(pi)勞(lao),這(zhe)次回老(lao)家(jia)心情格外的輕松和(he)愜(qie)意(yi)。

下車不到兩分鐘就是奶奶家了。踏(ta)著新修的(de)(de)(de)水泥路,眼前的(de)(de)(de)變化真(zhen)讓人稱奇,昔日(ri)土墻(qiang)村落的(de)(de)(de)荒涼不見了,映入眼簾的(de)(de)(de)是一幅欣欣向榮的(de)(de)(de)新農村圖畫(hua)。

初夏(xia)時節,天并不熱,空氣中彌漫著(zhu)濃(nong)濃(nong)的(de)麥香味。暖暖的(de)陽光(guang)下,老(lao)家被群山(shan)綠樹圍裹著(zhu),白墻壁,碧藍瓦,屋舍(she)儼(yan)然(ran)。305省(sheng)道(dao)橫貫其中,公路(lu)兩旁是(shi)兩排新(xin)蓋的(de)小洋樓,房頂統一砌成褐黃色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦斜頂,與碧藍瓦平(ping)房交相輝映。最美的(de)還數門前的(de)白色(se)柵欄,里面種著(zhu)五顏六色(se)的(de)花草,隨(sui)風搖曳,成為老(lao)家新(xin)村(cun)一道(dao)美麗(li)的(de)風景線。

院子(zi)里很寂靜,幾只小(xiao)鳥在樹上(shang)追逐(zhu)嬉(xi)叫。上(shang)午是干(gan)活的(de)(de)好時候(hou)。到了吃(chi)飯(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)鐘頭,人們才徐(xu)徐(xu)從田里回家。村里縷縷炊煙(yan)的(de)(de)景象(xiang)沒有了,只聽見鐵(tie)鍋在電磁爐上(shang)吱吱作響,可口(kou)的(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)菜(cai)隨即端上(shang)飯(fan)(fan)桌(zhuo)。奶奶農(nong)家小(xiao)菜(cai)做得很地道。肉(rou)是從村里買的(de)(de),小(xiao)菜(cai)是自家菜(cai)園里摘的(de)(de),添上(shang)幾碟涼菜(cai),就幾瓶啤酒,祖孫三代(dai)圍(wei)坐一桌(zhuo),真是其樂(le)融融。