導語：如何才能寫(xie)好一(yi)篇新農村建(jian)設論文(wen)，這(zhe)就需(xu)要搜集整理更多的資料(liao)和文(wen)獻(xian)，歡迎閱讀(du)由公務員之家整理的十篇范(fan)文(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

(一)從哲學、經濟學等學科角度對社會主義新農村文化建設進行解讀

尹欒玉(yu)從農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共屬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)給現狀、政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)事業(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角色、民間文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)———非(fei)正式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源頭(tou)等方面對社(she)會主義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)進行了(le)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)經(jing)濟學分析。“農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)消(xiao)(xiao)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和非(fei)排(pai)他性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，決(jue)(jue)定(ding)了(le)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)這(zhe)些產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)消(xiao)(xiao)費所(suo)具有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正外部性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)效用，決(jue)(jue)定(ding)了(le)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)這(zhe)種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”［4］政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)應制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)和完(wan)善各種保障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)規(gui)政(zheng)(zheng)策，推(tui)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，并加強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管和落實(shi)，以保證農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，同時要(yao)(yao)通過直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公共財政(zheng)(zheng)投入(ru)和間接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)臺優惠激(ji)(ji)勵政(zheng)(zheng)策鼓勵民間社(she)會資本參與農(nong)(nong)(nong)村公共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，確保農(nong)(nong)(nong)村公共文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)給。在社(she)會主義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中要(yao)(yao)以政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)規(gui)、政(zheng)(zheng)策等正式(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)為主體，同時還需要(yao)(yao)包含(han)習俗、道德規(gui)范，觀(guan)念、意識形態(tai)等內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)正式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支撐，而民間文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則是非(fei)正式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源頭(tou)，“發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，必(bi)須培養(yang)和激(ji)(ji)勵‘鄉(xiang)土藝術家’，激(ji)(ji)發農(nong)(nong)(nong)民自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，變‘送’文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為‘種’文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。”

(二)對社會主義新農村文化建設內涵、特征、功能的解析(xi)

目前學術界對社會主義新農村文化建設的內涵尚沒有統一的界定。蘇益南等學者把新農村文化界定為:“基于鄉村區域共同體的長期傳承積累而形成、融入現代文明氣息并為特定區域的農民群眾共同享有的價值觀、生產生活方式、行為規范和風俗習慣等的總和。”［5］根據這一定義，并參考組織文化的層次劃分，將新農村文化分為物質文化、制度文化和精神文化三個層次。新農村物質文化主要通過文化基礎設施、文化活動等體現出來，反映了農民群眾對文化的理解和需求，為制度文化和精神文化的發展奠定了堅實的物質基礎。制度文化主要體現為與農村文化發展相關的各種規章制度，能為新農村文化建設創造一個穩定、和諧的環境。精神文化是人們在日常生活中總結出的理論經驗和思想升華，為物質文化和制度文化的發展提供強大的精神動力和思想保障。吳迪認為“新農村文化指的是一種既有別于城市文化又有別于以往的傳統農村文化的一種全新型的農村文化，是一種與時俱進、豐富多彩、健康向上的文化，新農村文化建設的根本宗旨在于推進億萬農民的知識化、文明化和現代化，實現農民的全面發展。”［6］張碩認為新農村文化建設主要包括農民思想道德建設、農村文化產品創作、農村文化基礎設施建設、農村文化生態環境建設、農村文化隊伍建設、農村法制建設、群眾文化活動的開展、農村文化產業的發展八個方面的內容。［7］王家新等學者認為新農村文化包含五大基本要素:作為文化參與者和承載者的農民群體;作為文化共同體的農村聚落內的文化設施、設備和場所;農村社區與外界的物質和信息交換渠道;與農村文化活動相配套的組織和制度;面向農村的文化產品和服務。［8］徐學慶在博士論文中概括了新(xin)農村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八項特(te)征(zheng):繼承(cheng)(cheng)性(xing)、民(min)族性(xing)、時(shi)代(dai)性(xing)、地域(yu)性(xing)、內聚性(xing)、多樣性(xing)、群(qun)眾(zhong)性(xing)、實用性(xing)，并認(ren)為農村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)具有(you)十(shi)大功能:繼承(cheng)(cheng)、導向、娛樂、認(ren)識、教(jiao)育、溝通、規范、服務、媒介(jie)、經濟(ji)。［9］“隨著(zhu)改革開放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入和(he)我(wo)國(guo)鄉村(cun)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，我(wo)國(guo)鄉村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)又呈(cheng)現出時(shi)代(dai)性(xing)、開放性(xing)、群(qun)眾(zhong)性(xing)等新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)。目前(qian)，鄉村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)強(qiang)調人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)然、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鄉村(cun)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)我(wo)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧共存。在(zai)對待(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)上(shang)，鄉村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)強(qiang)調一種(zhong)公共性(xing)和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)倫性(xing);在(zai)處理人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)上(shang)，鄉村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)則(ze)強(qiang)調人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)應性(xing)、和(he)諧性(xing)。我(wo)國(guo)鄉村(cun)這種(zhong)天人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)生態，蘊涵著(zhu)自(zi)然、淳(chun)樸、厚道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)品(pin)格(ge)。”

(三)對社會主義新農村(cun)文(wen)化建設必要性、意義的(de)剖析(xi)

學者(zhe)們對(dui)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)必(bi)要(yao)性(xing)、意義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闡述(shu)大(da)(da)同小異，取(qu)(qu)得(de)了(le)以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)識:1．有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)促進(jin)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)(he)諧社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)可以豐(feng)富廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)，而且(qie)可以引導(dao)廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)整合(he)價值取(qu)(qu)向、提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)境界、協調(diao)彼此之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系。通過思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)道德(de)教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)各(ge)種(zhong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)(zhan)，粘合(he)各(ge)種(zhong)心理裂痕，化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)解各(ge)種(zhong)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)疙瘩和(he)(he)(he)矛盾，架起溝(gou)通彼此心靈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁，逐步形成(cheng)以和(he)(he)(he)為(wei)美、以和(he)(he)(he)為(wei)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)識，從(cong)而增進(jin)人(ren)與人(ren)、人(ren)與自然、人(ren)與社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融合(he)。”［11］桂玉(yu)認為(wei)，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)(he)諧社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根本(ben)，文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)關鍵，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)諧新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)條件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)基礎性(xing)工作，為(wei)和(he)(he)(he)諧農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)(he)精(jing)神(shen)資源。［12］2．有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)推動(dong)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)全面小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十六(liu)大(da)(da)報(bao)告提(ti)(ti)出文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)特征和(he)(he)(he)基本(ben)任務。從(cong)我國(guo)(guo)目前發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)情況來(lai)(lai)看，與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、政治(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果相比(bi)(bi)(bi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)顯得(de)較為(wei)薄弱(ruo)。我國(guo)(guo)廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)信息、交通比(bi)(bi)(bi)較閉塞，傳(chuan)統落后(hou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)根深蒂(di)固，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)觀念比(bi)(bi)(bi)較陳(chen)舊(jiu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)事業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)滯后(hou)，從(cong)這個角度講(jiang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制約(yue)我國(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)實行(xing)全面小康(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵所(suo)在(zai)。遠(yuan)翠平認為(wei)，加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全面建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)要(yao)求，又是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全面建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保(bao)障。［13］3．有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)加(jia)(jia)強社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈魂，搞好新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)能(neng)為(wei)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)強有(you)(you)(you)(you)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)支撐，有(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)質(zhi)量，有(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)解決(jue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些實際(ji)問題(ti)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)目標是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)富裕(yu)、鄉風文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)容(rong)整潔(jie)、管(guan)理民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。王海通認為(wei)，加(jia)(jia)強文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)能(neng)夠提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)認識，轉變(bian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)觀念，為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)知識支撐。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)富裕(yu)不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)，還要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)精(jing)神(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)求。鄉風文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)容(rong)整潔(jie)，需要(yao)用(yong)(yong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)來(lai)(lai)轉變(bian)人(ren)們陳(chen)舊(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)觀念、行(xing)為(wei)方式、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)習慣(guan)，形成(cheng)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)向上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)風尚和(he)(he)(he)干凈整潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)容(rong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)貌。管(guan)理民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，更需要(yao)用(yong)(yong)先進(jin)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)來(lai)(lai)改(gai)變(bian)封建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)專制獨斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理方式，用(yong)(yong)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段確保(bao)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、高(gao)(gao)效化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。［14］4．有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)推進(jin)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)我國(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一個農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)，沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，就沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)強國(guo)(guo)，就必(bi)須發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、培養高(gao)(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)富庶(shu)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，而農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深層(ceng)次發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)、現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，都必(bi)須依托農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在(zai)人(ren)才培養、信息傳(chuan)遞(di)、科(ke)技(ji)普及、市場開拓、脫貧致富等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)強有(you)(you)(you)(you)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)證(zheng)、輿論環境、精(jing)神(shen)動(dong)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)智(zhi)力(li)支持。桂玉(yu)用(yong)(yong)“助推器”“導(dao)航(hang)燈”“粘合(he)劑”來(lai)(lai)形象(xiang)地比(bi)(bi)(bi)喻在(zai)整個社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)、政治(zhi)、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)所(suo)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

二、實踐總結

很多(duo)學者對(dui)本省(sheng)、本市、本縣(xian)的(de)社會主義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)建(jian)設的(de)現狀作了(le)實地調查，總結(jie)了(le)不(bu)少當地新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)建(jian)設的(de)成(cheng)功(gong)經驗，普遍認(ren)為，新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設開始后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)精神文(wen)(wen)化(hua)生活在一定程度上得到改善，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)事業(ye)取得了(le)一定進步，但與(yu)經濟社會發(fa)展還不(bu)相協調，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)事業(ye)發(fa)展還存在滯后現象。

(一)當前我國社會主(zhu)義(yi)新(xin)農村文化建設(she)的成績(ji)

各地(di)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化設施(shi)建(jian)設不(bu)斷推進(jin)。目前，大(da)部分(fen)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基本實現了縣縣有文化活(huo)動(dong)中心、圖書(shu)館和文化館，鄉(鎮)有綜合文化站，行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)有文化活(huo)動(dong)場所的(de)(de)建(jian)設目標(biao)。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化服務(wu)體(ti)系不(bu)斷完(wan)善。各地(di)紛紛實施(shi)文化信息資源共享(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)、送書(shu)下(xia)鄉工(gong)程(cheng)、廣播(bo)電(dian)視“村(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)通”工(gong)程(cheng)、流動(dong)舞臺車工(gong)程(cheng)和農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電(dian)影放(fang)映(ying)工(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)，極大(da)地(di)豐富(fu)了農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)業(ye)余生活(huo)。群眾(zhong)自(zi)(zi)娛自(zi)(zi)樂(le)的(de)(de)文化活(huo)動(dong)蓬勃開展(zhan)，在各級文化專業(ye)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)指導(dao)與培訓下(xia)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)涌現出一(yi)批(pi)業(ye)余文藝(yi)骨干，形(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)大(da)批(pi)活(huo)躍在廣大(da)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)民(min)間花會(hui)、民(min)間藝(yi)術表演團隊(dui)和民(min)間工(gong)藝(yi)家(jia)隊(dui)伍，民(min)間文藝(yi)形(xing)式得到恢(hui)復(fu)與發展(zhan)。

(二)當(dang)前(qian)我國社會(hui)主義新農(nong)村文化建設的不(bu)足

大多數學者(zhe)認為(wei)當前農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工作中還普(pu)遍存在(zai)基(ji)礎文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)施建(jian)設(she)滯后、基(ji)層文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)隊伍匱乏、村(cun)(cun)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)單調(diao)、賭博迷信現(xian)象(xiang)普(pu)遍存在(zai)、傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)式(shi)日漸衰(shuai)退(tui)(tui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。黃(huang)欣(xin)認為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展滯后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要表(biao)現(xian):一是文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)消(xiao)費偏(pian)低(di)，二(er)是文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)方式(shi)單一，三(san)是文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)品味不高。［15］唐金培(pei)認為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)在(zai)不同程度上(shang)還存在(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題或偏(pian)差:重(zhong)(zhong)“硬”輕(qing)“軟”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)中心(xin)代(dai)替全局;重(zhong)(zhong)“點”輕(qing)“面”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)個別代(dai)替整(zheng)體(ti);重(zhong)(zhong)“建(jian)”輕(qing)“管”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)形(xing)式(shi)代(dai)替內容;重(zhong)(zhong)“樂”輕(qing)“教”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)益代(dai)替責任(ren);重(zhong)(zhong)“送”輕(qing)“種”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)城市(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)代(dai)替鄉土文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。［11］陳運貴則認為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)存在(zai)傳統(tong)與(yu)現(xian)代(dai)之間、供(gong)給與(yu)需(xu)求之間、硬指(zhi)標與(yu)軟任(ren)務之間三(san)大矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實困境(jing)。［16］也有學者(zhe)從(cong)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度，總結了政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)事業(ye)、提供(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)公(gong)共(gong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品和服務中存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要問題:政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)供(gong)給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品和服務衰(shuai)退(tui)(tui);當前政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)公(gong)共(gong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)品和服務與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求錯位;政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)多頭行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)造成重(zhong)(zhong)復建(jian)設(she)、有限(xian)資源浪費;政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)資金投(tou)入不足(zu)。［17］還有學者(zhe)從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視角(jiao)分析了不足(zu):文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展相對落(luo)后，整(zheng)體(ti)實力(li)不夠強(qiang);文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源開發(fa)(fa)(fa)利(li)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新能力(li)不足(zu);缺乏有創意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)名家及領軍人才;非物質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)保(bao)護不力(li);文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)消(xiao)費總量(liang)偏(pian)低(di)。

(三)農村文化發(fa)展滯后的(de)原因

很(hen)多(duo)學者(zhe)認(ren)(ren)為農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)滯后主要是(shi)由思想(xiang)上重視不(bu)(bu)夠、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)上投(tou)入不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)及(ji)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)體制還(huan)不(bu)(bu)健(jian)全造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。梁捍(han)東、王曉瑞(rui)認(ren)(ren)為，基層部門認(ren)(ren)識不(bu)(bu)到(dao)位是(shi)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)弱(ruo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)原(yuan)因;社(she)會(hui)轉型(xing)和對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)規律研(yan)究不(bu)(bu)夠是(shi)弱(ruo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)原(yuan)因;市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊及(ji)其負(fu)面效應是(shi)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)弱(ruo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)原(yuan)因;一些落后文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)影響(xiang)仍(reng)在加深，一些封建(jian)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)仍(reng)然(ran)很(hen)有市(shi)場(chang)，是(shi)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)弱(ruo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自身原(yuan)因;改革滯后不(bu)(bu)適應新(xin)形勢(shi)是(shi)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)弱(ruo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力原(yuan)因;文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產與(yu)消(xiao)費(fei)脫節，難以(yi)滿足農(nong)民群眾日益增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)需求，是(shi)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)弱(ruo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)原(yuan)因。

三、對策建議

學者們對社會主義新農村(cun)文化(hua)建(jian)設的(de)各種研究思考，其出(chu)發點(dian)(dian)和(he)落腳點(dian)(dian)都是為了破解(jie)新農村(cun)文化(hua)建(jian)設難題(ti)、探尋(xun)行(xing)之有效的(de)解(jie)決策(ce)略(lve)和(he)方案(an)。

(一)強化思(si)想認識

學者們一致認(ren)為，必(bi)須充分認(ren)識新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)重要性，深入宣傳文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)在新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)地(di)位，切實改變新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)“說起(qi)重要、做起(qi)次要、忙起(qi)不(bu)要”的(de)(de)(de)局面，改變農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工作“熱在縣市(shi)、重在鄉鎮、冷在村(cun)莊(zhuang)”的(de)(de)(de)狀況，樹(shu)立“大(da)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)觀念。做到“四(si)個納(na)入”，即把文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)納(na)入當地(di)國民(min)經(jing)濟和社會(hui)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)總體規(gui)劃，納(na)入各(ge)級政(zheng)府重要議事日(ri)程，納(na)入各(ge)級政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)工作目標(biao)管(guan)理責(ze)任(ren)制，納(na)入各(ge)級政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)預算，通(tong)過這“四(si)個納(na)入”使農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工作走上規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、制度化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、科學化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)，使文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)與經(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)(she)同步(bu)發展(zhan)。

(二(er))加強組(zu)織領導

徐學慶提(ti)出(chu)要明確新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)建設(she)領導與管理(li)主體(ti)的(de)(de)職責。加(jia)強黨委部門的(de)(de)導向監(jian)督作用，保證新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)正(zheng)確方向。加(jia)強政府(fu)部門對新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)建設(she)的(de)(de)領導管理(li)，促進新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)整(zheng)體(ti)發展(zhan)。發揮農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)基層組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、宣傳、發動(dong)和(he)示范功(gong)能，推動(dong)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)健(jian)康發展(zhan)。發揮群(qun)眾團體(ti)的(de)(de)橋梁紐帶作用，為(wei)新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)建設(she)提(ti)供(gong)牢固的(de)(de)群(qun)眾基礎。

(三)建立以政(zheng)府(fu)為主(zhu)導(dao)、社會資本廣泛參與(yu)的社會主(zhu)義新農(nong)村(cun)文化建設資金運行機(ji)制

吳迪認為，首先，中央和(he)省級(ji)財政(zheng)(zheng)應加(jia)大對(dui)農(nong)(nong)村的(de)專項(xiang)扶貧投入、專項(xiang)補貼的(de)力(li)度。地方政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)可以要求(qiu)村級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)提供相應的(de)配套資金(jin)用于營利(li)(li)性(xing)的(de)文化基礎設(she)施。其次(ci)，擴大公益性(xing)籌資。可利(li)(li)用福利(li)(li)彩票、黨費(fei)基金(jin)、社(she)會捐贈、村社(she)集資等多(duo)方渠(qu)道(dao)籌資。再次(ci)，多(duo)種方式并舉(ju)，走多(duo)業助文的(de)道(dao)路。通過民(min)辦(ban)公助、政(zheng)(zheng)策扶持，鼓勵(li)農(nong)(nong)民(min)自辦(ban)文化，開展(zhan)各種面(mian)向農(nong)(nong)村、面(mian)向農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)文化經營活(huo)動，使農(nong)(nong)民(min)群(qun)眾成為農(nong)(nong)村文化建設(she)的(de)主體(ti)。支持農(nong)(nong)民(min)群(qun)眾自籌資金(jin)、自己組織、自負盈虧、自我管理(li)，興(xing)辦(ban)農(nong)(nong)民(min)書(shu)社(she)、個體(ti)放映隊等，大力(li)扶持民(min)間職業劇團和(he)農(nong)(nong)村業余劇團的(de)發展(zhan)。

(四)加強(qiang)農村文化人才隊伍建設

首先要提高現(xian)有文化(hua)(hua)(hua)隊(dui)伍的(de)水(shui)平，加強對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)干(gan)部的(de)培訓(xun)。其次，在農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)吸收“文化(hua)(hua)(hua)精英”充實文化(hua)(hua)(hua)隊(dui)伍。可以通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)公(gong)共財(cai)政引(yin)導(dao)的(de)方式(shi)，獎勵和補貼(tie)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基層文化(hua)(hua)(hua)帶頭人，建立一支(zhi)鄉土(tu)(tu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、農(nong)民(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和本(ben)土(tu)(tu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)精英隊(dui)伍。積極培養農(nong)民(min)(min)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)骨干(gan)，充分發揮民(min)(min)間藝(yi)人、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)能人在活(huo)躍農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)、傳承發展(zhan)民(min)(min)間文化(hua)(hua)(hua)方面的(de)作用。另(ling)外，國(guo)家(jia)還要制(zhi)定(ding)引(yin)進各類(lei)人才到農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)優惠政策，吸引(yin)大中(zhong)專畢業生(sheng)(sheng)到農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)扎根(gen)創業，為(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)提供智力(li)和人才支(zhi)撐。［19］要充分發揮大學生(sheng)(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)官在新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)重要作用。

(五)加強載體建設

篇2

生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)社區化(hua)(hua)(hua)就(jiu)是(shi)要完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)，健(jian)全社會化(hua)(hua)(hua)服務(wu)體系，創新社會治理(li)體制，轉變農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產方(fang)式和(he)農(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式，使農(nong)(nong)民(min)享受便(bian)捷周到的(de)(de)公共(gong)服務(wu)，過(guo)上城(cheng)市居民(min)一(yi)(yi)樣便(bian)捷舒適(shi)的(de)(de)現代生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)。這是(shi)“四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)”村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，也(ye)是(shi)衡(heng)量新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)尺(chi)度。所以(yi)，要按(an)照(zhao)有(you)利于農(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)、保持(chi)田(tian)園風光(guang)和(he)良(liang)好生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境的(de)(de)要求，有(you)序推(tui)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)小(xiao)康(kang)住(zhu)宅建(jian)設(she)，全面提(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)公共(gong)服務(wu)水平，不(bu)斷(duan)增強發(fa)展的(de)(de)保障能力。前進(jin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)依托城(cheng)市總體規劃，按(an)照(zhao)“城(cheng)市化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展，社區化(hua)(hua)(hua)管理(li)”的(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)，堅持(chi)“適(shi)度超(chao)(chao)前、整村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)推(tui)進(jin)、統一(yi)(yi)規劃、集中連片(pian)、分步實施(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)原則，建(jian)成(cheng)小(xiao)康(kang)住(zhu)宅樓18幢，385戶村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)全部搬(ban)遷入住(zhu)。同時，配套完(wan)善(shan)了(le)(le)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)便(bian)民(min)服務(wu)中心、農(nong)(nong)家(jia)書屋、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)體育(yu)廣場、醫療衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)所、農(nong)(nong)家(jia)超(chao)(chao)市等服務(wu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，打造“功(gong)能完(wan)善(shan)、布局合理(li)、服務(wu)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、環(huan)境宜居、便(bian)民(min)利民(min)、管理(li)規范(fan)”的(de)(de)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)社區，推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)城(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)服務(wu)社區化(hua)(hua)(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式市民(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)升(sheng)居住(zhu)品質(zhi)(zhi)、優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)公共(gong)空間、完(wan)善(shan)社區功(gong)能、改善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境，把農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)小(xiao)康(kang)住(zhu)宅區建(jian)設(she)成(cheng)為文化(hua)(hua)(hua)底蘊濃厚、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境優(you)美、社會文明進(jin)步、人(ren)與自然(ran)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)，具有(you)濃厚地(di)域(yu)特(te)色(se)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明的(de)(de)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)宜居新型(xing)社區。滿足了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)需求，提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)品質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)幸(xing)福感。

二(er)、把打造特色生(sheng)態(tai)新(xin)村作為基(ji)本要求，不斷美化(hua)生(sheng)活環境，是“四(si)化(hua)”村建(jian)設的保障(zhang)

環(huan)境(jing)田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)就是要通過基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)鄉村(cun)文(wen)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)，保護好(hao)(hao)農(nong)村(cun)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態的(de)田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)和(he)秀美風(feng)光，傳承淳樸鄉風(feng)，樹立健(jian)康文(wen)明(ming)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方(fang)式，使生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)環(huan)境(jing)保持田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)風(feng)光，優(you)美整潔(jie)(jie)(jie)、宜居樂業。這是“四化(hua)”村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)基本要求，是新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)最直觀的(de)體現。所以，要不(bu)斷(duan)加快(kuai)基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)，加大(da)環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)保護力(li)(li)度，營(ying)造良好(hao)(hao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)，努力(li)(li)實現人與自(zi)然和(he)諧相(xiang)處、經濟與環(huan)境(jing)協調發展。前進村(cun)以清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)家園(yuan)(yuan)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)為重點(dian)，著力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)“村(cun)莊綠(lv)化(hua)、道路硬化(hua)、環(huan)境(jing)凈(jing)化(hua)、街道亮化(hua)、家庭美化(hua)”的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)新(xin)村(cun)。大(da)力(li)(li)倡導綠(lv)色生(sheng)(sheng)態生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)理(li)(li)(li)念，積極推廣改(gai)(gai)廚、改(gai)(gai)廁(ce)、改(gai)(gai)圈、太陽能(neng)、沼(zhao)氣清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)、畜禽健(jian)康養殖和(he)農(nong)作物(wu)秸稈高(gao)(gao)效利用(yong)等(deng)技術。配(pei)套建(jian)設(she)(she)住宅小區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾存貯、清(qing)運、填埋等(deng)處理(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)施(shi)，從根本上解決環(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)“臟、亂、差(cha)”的(de)頑(wan)疾(ji)，營(ying)造優(you)美整潔(jie)(jie)(jie)、設(she)(she)施(shi)齊全、功能(neng)完備(bei)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)環(huan)境(jing)。積極培育和(he)踐行社會主義核心價值觀，開展“好(hao)(hao)婆婆、好(hao)(hao)媳婦、五星級文(wen)明(ming)戶(hu)”評(ping)選等(deng)精(jing)神文(wen)明(ming)創建(jian)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)，著力(li)(li)提高(gao)(gao)村(cun)民的(de)思(si)想道德素質，形成文(wen)明(ming)、健(jian)康、科學的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)理(li)(li)(li)念和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方(fang)式。

三、把培(pei)養(yang)新型農(nong)民作為重(zhong)要途徑，不斷(duan)提高(gao)農(nong)民素質(zhi)，是“四化(hua)”村建(jian)設(she)的支撐

篇3

加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)檔(dang)案(an)(an)管理(li)工(gong)作，使得農(nong)(nong)業(ye)檔(dang)案(an)(an)管理(li)能夠更(geng)(geng)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范化(hua)科學化(hua)，就必須要對與農(nong)(nong)民切身利益(yi)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切信息(xi)進行詳(xiang)細可(ke)靠地記(ji)載，包括著對于(yu)農(nong)(nong)民承(cheng)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載、承(cheng)包時間、承(cheng)包費用以及(ji)土地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變更(geng)(geng)情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。對于(yu)這些(xie)(xie)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載可(ke)以有效地避免了(le)這些(xie)(xie)內容而(er)引發農(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)矛(mao)盾，很大程度上降低了(le)土地分配不公而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)糾紛與紛爭(zheng)，為構建社會(hui)主義和(he)諧(xie)社會(hui)以及(ji)新時期現代化(hua)新農(nong)(nong)村提供了(le)一(yi)個穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)環境。因而(er)，加強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)檔(dang)案(an)(an)管理(li)為農(nong)(nong)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧(xie)發展以及(ji)建設(she)現代化(hua)新農(nong)(nong)村起到了(le)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。

2農業檔案(an)管理存在的問題

農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)起步時間很(hen)(hen)早，在(zai)一(yi)段時期(qi)內發展速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快，其(qi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)涉及到(dao)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容，但是(shi)(shi)也(ye)不乏存在(zai)著一(yi)些問題。首先，農(nong)(nong)業檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容沒有(you)(you)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)，無法同飛速發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)社會(hui)主義建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際與(yu)進程(cheng)相適應(ying)。我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)全國范圍(wei)內十(shi)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣闊，許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)都(dou)(dou)(dou)由于(yu)經(jing)濟發展水平(ping)(ping)有(you)(you)限，許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設(she)施(shi)不完善，檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)設(she)施(shi)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)限，這樣就導(dao)致許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)沒有(you)(you)建立一(yi)個專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機構。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)大(da)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮中，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)重，對于(yu)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)很(hen)(hen)不重視，檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)隨(sui)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存放，沒有(you)(you)一(yi)個專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)機構更(geng)沒有(you)(you)專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)備。此外，在(zai)有(you)(you)些農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區(qu)，雖然建立一(yi)個檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機構，但是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)去(qu)制(zhi)約日常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，更(geng)是(shi)(shi)缺(que)乏相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)，往往檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)只是(shi)(shi)其(qi)他工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個“副業”，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)能力與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水平(ping)(ping)十(shi)分(fen)低，缺(que)乏規范化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)，大(da)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)些紙質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載，沒有(you)(you)建立相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)電(dian)子化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，信息化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度(du)地(di)下，很(hen)(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上制(zhi)約了(le)(le)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用效(xiao)率(lv)，許(xu)(xu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員更(geng)是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)意(yi)識到(dao)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)，這樣嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)了(le)(le)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，無法提供可靠而(er)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息資料。

3對(dui)加強(qiang)檔案管理的(de)改(gai)革建(jian)議(yi)

3.1做好檔案的(de)記錄工(gong)作(zuo)

農(nong)業檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)記載(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否規范(fan)(fan)，其記載(zai)的(de)(de)信息是(shi)(shi)(shi)否準確(que)直接關系到檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)能否為現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設提供可(ke)靠的(de)(de)依據。所以，要(yao)(yao)重視檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)資料的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)集以及(ji)整理的(de)(de)方法，最大程(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)保障收(shou)(shou)(shou)集的(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)資料可(ke)靠性、科學性、規范(fan)(fan)化(hua)。在(zai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)集檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)資料的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中范(fan)(fan)圍要(yao)(yao)廣，要(yao)(yao)進行科學化(hua)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)集，在(zai)整理的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中要(yao)(yao)分門別類的(de)(de)統(tong)一管理，最大程(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)方便查閱，從而可(ke)以提高檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)利用效率，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)建設現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員在(zai)實(shi)行各項政策(ce)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以依據可(ke)靠真真實(shi)的(de)(de)檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)記載(zai)作(zuo)出正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)決(jue)定。做好農(nong)村(cun)(cun)檔(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)管理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)建設工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)奠(dian)定了基礎性的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

3.2充分開發檔(dang)案管(guan)理信息，集思(si)廣益

傳統的檔(dang)(dang)案(an)管(guan)理工作(zuo)的工作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)心都側重(zhong)(zhong)于保管(guan)工作(zuo)，沒有意(yi)識到利用檔(dang)(dang)案(an)信息的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用，需要(yao)(yao)利用檔(dang)(dang)案(an)信息的人員必須親自上(shang)門進行信息收集。現(xian)代化新(xin)農村的建設(she)工作(zuo)從(cong)而給農業檔(dang)(dang)案(an)管(guan)理工作(zuo)提出了更高的要(yao)(yao)求，需要(yao)(yao)在收集檔(dang)(dang)案(an)信息的過程中(zhong)親自下到基層中(zhong)去，了解到農業生(sheng)產發展的現(xian)狀，將(jiang)科學技術融入到檔(dang)(dang)案(an)管(guan)理中(zhong)去，在不(bu)斷地社(she)(she)會實踐(jian)中(zhong)總結社(she)(she)會經(jing)驗，講科學的調研成果轉化為推動生(sheng)產力發展的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)推動力，從(cong)而最大限度上(shang)的滿(man)足(zu)農業生(sheng)產的需要(yao)(yao)，為建設(she)現(xian)代化新(xin)農村服(fu)務。

3.3檔案管理相關人員要有服務意識

農(nong)業(ye)檔案(an)(an)(an)記錄(lu)了農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)整個發展與改革(ge)的(de)歷(li)史，是生產技術發展的(de)重要依據，為農(nong)業(ye)科學(xue)研究以(yi)及全新(xin)的(de)生產技術的(de)發展提供了重要的(de)依據。作為農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)檔案(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理的(de)相關(guan)工(gong)(gong)作人員要定期的(de)進行檔案(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理的(de)實(shi)訓學(xue)習工(gong)(gong)作，不斷(duan)提高他(ta)們(men)對(dui)于檔案(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理的(de)相關(guan)知識與能力，提高管(guan)理的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)水(shui)平，認識到農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)檔案(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作的(de)重要作用，使得檔案(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理的(de)相關(guan)工(gong)(gong)作人員能夠具有服(fu)務(wu)社會(hui)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作意識，從而促進現代化新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)建設工(gong)(gong)作。

4結束語

篇4

第一(yi)，促(cu)進了(le)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)的(de)合理流(liu)動，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)的(de)優化(hua)(hua)配置，在一(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)上克服了(le)傳統的(de)小規模家庭經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)局限；與此同時，通過土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)權的(de)流(liu)轉(zhuan)，可(ke)以(yi)將原(yuan)本分散在農(nong)(nong)戶手中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)集中(zhong)(zhong)起來，統一(yi)管理，實(shi)行(xing)集約化(hua)(hua)的(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)，從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現(xian)人力(li)(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)(li)和財力(li)(li)(li)的(de)合理配置，甚(shen)至完成(cheng)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)的(de)建立。從(cong)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)情況來看(kan)，2009年開始，政(zheng)(zheng)府專(zhuan)門制訂了(le)相(xiang)關的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策，對(dui)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)的(de)補(bu)助與發放(fang)(fang)做(zuo)出了(le)詳細、明確的(de)規定。第二，促(cu)進了(le)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)勞動力(li)(li)(li)的(de)轉(zhuan)移，客觀上促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)。通過土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)流(liu)轉(zhuan)，不僅可(ke)以(yi)使那些無(wu)力(li)(li)(li)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)或者不愿意(yi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)農(nong)(nong)戶獲得一(yi)定的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟收(shou)(shou)益，與此同時，也能夠(gou)將他們從(cong)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)解放(fang)(fang)出來。第三，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業結構調整的(de)促(cu)進作用。通過土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)流(liu)轉(zhuan)，可(ke)以(yi)大大加(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)產(chan)業化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)。

2農村土地流轉(zhuan)的現狀分析

為了(le)(le)更好地了(le)(le)解農村土(tu)地流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)現狀(zhuang)，進行了(le)(le)實地的(de)(de)調研與走訪后發現：近些年(nian)來，大(da)(da)家對(dui)土(tu)地流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)有了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)認(ren)識，并且有相(xiang)當一部(bu)分人表(biao)示(shi)出希望參(can)與土(tu)地流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)愿(yuan)望（表(biao)1）。事實上，伴(ban)隨著(zhu)一系列關于農村土(tu)地管理政策的(de)(de)出臺，當地的(de)(de)土(tu)地流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)較以(yi)前也(ye)有著(zhu)大(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)的(de)(de)提(ti)升（表(biao)2）。根(gen)據相(xiang)關部(bu)門統計數字，2012年(nian)全市土(tu)地流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)率(lv)達(da)(da)65%以(yi)上，農業(ye)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)營(ying)比重達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)40%以(yi)上，主導(dao)產業(ye)和特色優勢產業(ye)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)營(ying)率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)80%以(yi)上。但(dan)是，我們必須要客觀地認(ren)識到(dao)(dao)，在(zai)土(tu)地流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)給大(da)(da)家帶來經(jing)濟效益的(de)(de)同(tong)時，也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)一些問題。具體來說(shuo)，主要有以(yi)下(xia)幾個(ge)方(fang)面：

2.1農(nong)民思(si)想(xiang)認(ren)識的(de)(de)局限雖(sui)然土(tu)地(di)(di)經營(ying)權的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)較以前有(you)了一定幅度的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，但是，由于(yu)農(nong)民在(zai)(zai)思(si)想(xiang)認(ren)識方面的(de)(de)局限，很多農(nong)戶(hu)具有(you)強烈(lie)的(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)情(qing)結，還是在(zai)(zai)很大程度上(shang)(shang)抑(yi)制(zhi)了土(tu)地(di)(di)流轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)實(shi)現。最為(wei)明顯的(de)(de)就是，當地(di)(di)有(you)很多農(nong)戶(hu)已(yi)經外(wai)出打工，并且(qie)逐步在(zai)(zai)外(wai)地(di)(di)穩定下來(lai)，但是由于(yu)小農(nong)經濟意識的(de)(de)影響，認(ren)為(wei)土(tu)地(di)(di)就是保命田，沒(mei)有(you)土(tu)地(di)(di)是萬萬不行的(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)這種觀念的(de)(de)影響下，即便土(tu)地(di)(di)閑置(zhi)甚至荒廢，也不愿(yuan)意將其轉(zhuan)讓(rang)或(huo)者(zhe)轉(zhuan)包他人經營(ying)。

2.2土(tu)地流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)欠規范(fan)從(cong)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)請款來看(kan)，土(tu)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)自發流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)為多(duo)數，集中(zhong)連片的(de)(de)(de)(de)、有組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)較(jiao)少(shao)；以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)為多(duo)數，農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶與開發業主之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)大批量流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)較(jiao)少(shao)；以(yi)短期(qi)(qi)性、季節性的(de)(de)(de)(de)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)為多(duo)數，中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)不多(duo)。并且在流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，大部分沒有簽訂規范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承包合同，只有口頭協議，自由性和隨意性較(jiao)大。這樣(yang)就會給土(tu)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)管(guan)理造成(cheng)很(hen)大困難(nan)，引起糾紛很(hen)難(nan)調處(chu)，影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)社會穩定。

2.3土地流(liu)轉機制不夠健全目前我市尚(shang)未(wei)出臺專門的土地經(jing)營權(quan)流(liu)轉的政策，因此土地承(cheng)包(bao)經(jing)營權(quan)的流(liu)尚(shang)且處(chu)在一個自發的、分散的、無序(xu)的小規模狀態。

3結語

篇5

1新農村政策自身存

在問題“制度實施的(de)不完全還來自于制度本(ben)身(shen)(shen)的(de)不完善”。政(zheng)策(ce)是(shi)否適當，是(shi)否合理，嚴(yan)重制約(yue)(yue)著政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)執行效(xiao)力。部分政(zheng)策(ce)大而空，沒有經過實地調研，想當然(ran)地制定，致使政(zheng)策(ce)無法落(luo)實，制約(yue)(yue)著農(nong)村(cun)的(de)發(fa)展。如2009年(nian)出臺的(de)《國務院關(guan)于開展新型農(nong)村(cun)社會養老保險試點的(de)指導意見》，由于政(zheng)策(ce)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)存在問題，未能完全達到預期的(de)目的(de)和效(xiao)果(guo)。

2政策執(zhi)行主體的原因(yin)

一是基層執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)組(zu)織的(de)(de)“經(jing)濟(ji)人”本身阻礙政(zheng)策(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，政(zheng)策(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)主體的(de)(de)自(zi)身利益、需求和(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為很大程度上(shang)影(ying)響著(zhu)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)有(you)效執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。二是從(cong)政(zheng)策(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)體制(zhi)上(shang)看，政(zheng)府在政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)制(zhi)訂(ding)、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、評(ping)價和(he)監(jian)(jian)督(du)上(shang)占據主導(dao)地位，政(zheng)府權力(li)至上(shang)，監(jian)(jian)督(du)和(he)建議力(li)量不足(zu)，這難免造成政(zheng)策(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)不科學的(de)(de)現象。

3政策執行(xing)客體(ti)的負面(mian)影響

農(nong)(nong)民的“自(zi)利”思想，阻礙了對新農(nong)(nong)村政策執行的監(jian)督。每個農(nong)(nong)民需要(yao)自(zi)己擔負監(jian)督責任(ren)所需的成本，而由于農(nong)(nong)民組(zu)織化程度低，農(nong)(nong)民便把(ba)責任(ren)寄托在別人身上，自(zi)己獨享成果，最后(hou)容易形成“人人都有監(jian)督責任(ren)，卻(que)沒(mei)人監(jian)督”的局面(mian)。

4政策執行(xing)環境的阻礙因(yin)素

一是(shi)部分農(nong)村經濟發展緩(huan)慢，影響了農(nong)民(min)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)者對政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)目標的期望和(he)支持(chi)力度(du)(du)，間(jian)接影響了政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)目標的達成(cheng)。二是(shi)部分農(nong)村基(ji)層(ceng)干群關(guan)系(xi)緊(jin)張，農(nong)村基(ji)層(ceng)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)者腐敗(bai)和(he)不作為(wei)，農(nong)民(min)對政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)者信任度(du)(du)下降，導致(zhi)基(ji)層(ceng)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)主(zhu)體的權威資源(yuan)日漸缺(que)(que)失。三是(shi)現今農(nong)村缺(que)(que)乏完善的政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)監督體系(xi)資源(yuan)，影響著(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的有(you)效執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。

二增強我國(guo)新農(nong)村(cun)政(zheng)策執行效(xiao)果的對策

1強(qiang)化新(xin)農村(cun)政策體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)

一是精簡機(ji)構(gou)，撤銷(xiao)不必(bi)要(yao)的部門，合(he)并(bing)職能相似的部門，實現(xian)(xian)資源(yuan)整合(he)，使資源(yuan)利(li)(li)用最大化。二是加強(qiang)執(zhi)行機(ji)構(gou)的溝通協調，防止“上有政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，下有對策(ce)”。建立健(jian)全(quan)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)溝通傳播(bo)機(ji)制，建立完善信(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)，利(li)(li)用新(xin)媒體并(bing)開設電(dian)話熱線等官民交流互動機(ji)制，促使基層干部與農(nong)(nong)民實現(xian)(xian)線上線下互動交流，使政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)能夠認真聆聽農(nong)(nong)民心(xin)聲，使農(nong)(nong)民獲得監(jian)督政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的權利(li)(li)。

2提(ti)升基層干部的(de)綜合素質

一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提升基層干(gan)部對新農村政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)理解水平。開(kai)展定期或不定期政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)學習、宣講(jiang)，使政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者“嚼(jiao)透”各(ge)項新農村政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)，確(que)保政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)實施不變形。二是(shi)要(yao)(yao)加強政(zheng)治(zhi)修養(yang)和道德建(jian)設。道德缺(que)失、信念動搖容易使政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)生偏差(cha)。三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)提升執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者的(de)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)力。開(kai)展專業培訓，使政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者掌握政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)把握能(neng)力和控制能(neng)力。

3打造新型農民隊伍

一是加(jia)強和(he)完善村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)治建設，強化(hua)農民(min)(min)(min)的參與意識，在公正公開、農民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)愿的情(qing)況下選出農民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)己的“代(dai)言人”，保障(zhang)農民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)身應有(you)(you)的利益。二是提高農民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)身素(su)質。加(jia)大(da)教育投資力度，提高農民(min)(min)(min)整體水平，有(you)(you)利于農民(min)(min)(min)學習理解新農村(cun)政策(ce)，消除抵制(zhi)新農村(cun)政策(ce)實施的心理。

4營造良(liang)好的政策(ce)執行

篇6

1民生科技發展必須要體現“以人(ren)為本”

民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技要(yao)想在農(nong)(nong)村得(de)到(dao)(dao)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)實(shi)施(shi)，必須要(yao)有(you)戰(zhan)略性的(de)(de)(de)思路來引(yin)(yin)領。“以人(ren)為(wei)本(ben)”是(shi)當下最切合民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)，換句話說，只有(you)讓老百姓得(de)到(dao)(dao)實(shi)惠，民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)才有(you)立足之(zhi)本(ben)。像是(shi)近些年(nian)，各小(xiao)區污染(ran)水源得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)有(you)效凈化處理(li)，農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)質量(liang)得(de)到(dao)(dao)改善，民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技由此帶來的(de)(de)(de)福利(li)更(geng)是(shi)深入(ru)人(ren)心，為(wei)今(jin)后科(ke)(ke)(ke)技發展(zhan)(zhan)也奠定了(le)堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。然而，“以人(ren)為(wei)本(ben)”不(bu)是(shi)說說而已(yi)(yi)，我們(men)必須要(yao)正視當前小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)思想、傳統農(nong)(nong)業(ye)在農(nong)(nong)村中(zhong)已(yi)(yi)經根深蒂固(gu)。今(jin)后的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)，我們(men)必須要(yao)正視這(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題，自基層政府部(bu)門就(jiu)要(yao)樹立民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)觀念，利(li)用市場的(de)(de)(de)推動作用引(yin)(yin)領社會各基層積極參(can)與(yu)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技發展(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)中(zhong)，使著(zhu)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)戶謀福利(li)深入(ru)政府工(gong)作人(ren)員內心的(de)(de)(de)同時，讓大眾感受到(dao)(dao)政府工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)衷(zhong)就(jiu)在于為(wei)基層老百姓謀福祉，從而號召民(min)(min)(min)眾和(he)政府能夠齊心協力的(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)到(dao)(dao)新農(nong)(nong)村建設(she)中(zhong)去(qu)。

2民生科技發展建議于國家政策層(ceng)面予以更多支持

國家應(ying)該(gai)重視民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)這一項民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，將其納入(ru)到國家創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體系(xi)(xi)和科技(ji)(ji)(ji)管理范疇之中，鼓勵(li)各部門積極開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)研(yan)發(fa)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，促進民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)活(huo)動于社(she)會(hui)中的(de)(de)再創(chuang)造。同(tong)時(shi)，國家還(huan)應(ying)在政(zheng)策(ce)上給此方(fang)面技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)人才的(de)(de)培養(yang)提(ti)供便利，比如(ru)；提(ti)供科研(yan)平臺、降低(di)申(shen)請學歷(li)門檻等等，確保有(you)更多的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)人才投(tou)入(ru)到民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之中，為(wei)(wei)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)營造良好的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)環境。此外，國家還(huan)應(ying)于資(zi)金(jin)方(fang)面與民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)供必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)，制定(ding)相應(ying)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)保障資(zi)金(jin)來源，同(tong)時(shi)與民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)項目招標時(shi)提(ti)供一定(ding)的(de)(de)照顧。而對于那些直接(jie)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)到農(nong)民(min)衛生(sheng)(sheng)、健康(kang)、安(an)全、公(gong)共服(fu)務等與農(nong)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan)的(de)(de)科研(yan)項目時(shi)，要(yao)千方(fang)百(bai)計幫(bang)助其籌集資(zi)金(jin)，為(wei)(wei)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)科研(yan)工(gong)作的(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)供必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)支撐(cheng)。

3民生(sheng)(sheng)科技(ji)發展必須(xu)要根治于(yu)民生(sheng)(sheng)大眾之中(zhong)

篇7

1新農村聚落

當(dang)前的(de)(de)農(nong)村需(xu)(xu)要在“生(sheng)態(tai)和諧、可持續發展(zhan)”理(li)念(nian)指導(dao)下，以綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)科學理(li)論為依據，對(dui)農(nong)村居住建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)和空間關系展(zhan)開(kai)全面(mian)研究，以探索采用(yong)綠色(se)的(de)(de)低成(cheng)(cheng)本建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)節(jie)能技(ji)術對(dui)居住環境、舒適度(du)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)影(ying)響，從而(er)找(zhao)尋出經(jing)濟可行(xing)的(de)(de)符合(he)現農(nong)村實際情況的(de)(de)綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設計(ji)策略(本文中所涉及的(de)(de)低成(cheng)(cheng)本建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)節(jie)能低技(ji)術更(geng)注重的(de)(de)是能滿足(zu)農(nong)民居住需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)和經(jing)濟承受力(li)，而(er)非對(dui)農(nong)村地(di)區在技(ji)術上的(de)(de)歧(qi)視)，從而(er)因地(di)制宜(yi)實現設計(ji)能耗(hao)和成(cheng)(cheng)本最低的(de)(de)目(mu)標。

2綠色建筑的概念

綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是在人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)(ran)、人(ren)(ren)工(gong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)與自(zi)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統相互協調發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)所提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式，它(ta)凝聚了(le)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)文化(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)智慧。綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是“指在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)壽命周期(qi)內，最大限度地節約(yue)資源(節能(neng)(neng)、節地、節水(shui)、節材(cai)等(deng))、保護(hu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)減少(shao)污染，為人(ren)(ren)類(lei)提(ti)供健康、適(shi)用(yong)和(he)高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)空間(jian)，與自(zi)然(ran)(ran)和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)追求建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與自(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，滿足(zu)使用(yong)者需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，最大化(hua)地保護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)實現生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)效益并體現出對未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)懷。因(yin)此，綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在本質(zhi)上(shang)是一(yi)種(zhong)追求生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)、降低能(neng)(neng)耗、可(ke)持續發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式，其主旨是與地球(qiu)和(he)諧共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。作為一(yi)名(ming)設(she)計人(ren)(ren)員，首先應該具備(bei)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)倫理學的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀念，將建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與適(shi)宜技術相結合，采(cai)用(yong)低能(neng)(neng)耗達到高效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源循環(huan)模式，將建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)從建(jian)(jian)造到全(quan)壽命周期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)耗減到最低，并有利于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)重復利用(yong)。

3綠色建筑技術

在(zai)(zai)談論綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)時，首先(xian)要(yao)明確(que)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)觀點———建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適宜性(xing)。福斯特(te)曾經(jing)指(zhi)出:“談論技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)時髦(mao)了，但我卻不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道，你怎么能不(bu)(bu)制造(zao)(zao)物品?而(er)這(zhe)正是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)，也(ye)(ye)即我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)之(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)”。任(ren)何時代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，無不(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師對(dui)當(dang)(dang)時先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與(yu)(yu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大膽(dan)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)(he)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)密切相(xiang)關(guan)。技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)代(dai)(dai)社(she)會(hui)扮演著(zhu)更加重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色(se)乃至成為(wei)(wei)當(dang)(dang)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)特(te)征(zheng)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)把技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當(dang)(dang)作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)關(guan)鍵(jian)課題(ti)。在(zai)(zai)分(fen)析當(dang)(dang)代(dai)(dai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下，如果(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)差(cha)異作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)分(fen)類(lei)標準，則可(ke)劃分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次(ci):低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(或稱輕(qing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))、高(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。這(zhe)種(zhong)劃分(fen)標準有(you)助于(yu)理解技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)、經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)可(ke)普及性(xing)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。(1)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)基礎(chu)上(shang)，按照資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)條(tiao)件和(he)(he)(he)當(dang)(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)產力，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)營造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。當(dang)(dang)今低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)(yuan)泉是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，它偏重(zhong)于(yu)從鄉(xiang)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)挖掘(jue)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節能、通(tong)風、利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)土(tu)生(sheng)材料(liao)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，并加以(yi)(yi)(yi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)改良，不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或很少(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)手(shou)段來(lai)(lai)達到建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)態(tai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)形式上(shang)主要(yao)強調鄉(xiang)土(tu)、地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)特(te)征(zheng)。(2)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因其(qi)并不(bu)(bu)拘(ju)泥于(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時空性(xing)，并在(zai)(zai)上(shang)述低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理和(he)(he)(he)設備，通(tong)過深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)對(dui)環境和(he)(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率，減少(shao)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)再生(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境。在(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)，它傾向于(yu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究成果(guo)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)業產品，也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)排(pai)斥傳(chuan)統(tong)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)依據建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)、環境條(tiao)件適度地(di)(di)選擇合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形態(tai)。(3)高(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)積(ji)極主張運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當(dang)(dang)代(dai)(dai)最(zui)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)成果(guo)來(lai)(lai)解決生(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。并把其(qi)他領(ling)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，如信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、電子技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)，按照生(sheng)態(tai)要(yao)求移植(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)來(lai)(lai)且以(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)主題(ti)。即使(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些傳(chuan)統(tong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)手(shou)段，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立在(zai)(zai)科學分(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)藝來(lai)(lai)加以(yi)(yi)(yi)實現(xian)。技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)絕對(dui)觀念，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、動態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念。中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)對(dui)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)而(er)言是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，而(er)相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。同(tong)時技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)動態(tai)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，會(hui)隨(sui)著(zhu)社(she)會(hui)經(jing)濟(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而(er)相(xiang)互(hu)轉(zhuan)化(hua)。傳(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很多地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)體現(xian)了生(sheng)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點，在(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)們在(zai)(zai)長(chang)期適應環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)逐步(bu)摸索所(suo)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)所(suo)依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)往往是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)樸(pu)素最(zui)直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)規(gui)律和(he)(he)(he)千百(bai)年來(lai)(lai)實踐經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結。相(xiang)對(dui)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)言，低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及性(xing)、簡(jian)單(dan)直觀、容易掌握和(he)(he)(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、成本(ben)低(di)(di)(di)廉。傳(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要(yao)受到社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)產力制約，營建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)式需要(yao)結合(he)地(di)(di)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)氣候(hou)、地(di)(di)理資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，表現(xian)出與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)(he)諧統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。正由于(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)諸多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，傳(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)設計方(fang)(fang)(fang)法保(bao)留(liu)和(he)(he)(he)延(yan)續著(zhu)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)因子，攜(xie)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)信(xin)息較(jiao)(jiao)多，同(tong)時也(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)最(zui)結合(he)自(zi)然(ran)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造(zao)(zao)自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)手(shou)段來(lai)(lai)達到舒適、適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住環境，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)，傳(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)支(zhi)研究方(fang)(fang)(fang)向。

4綠色節能建筑實例分析

對綠色(se)(se)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案例研(yan)究(jiu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)德(de)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)居住建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you):主(zhu)動(dong)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、其(qi)他可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。且將這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)形成了———低能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、近零(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、全零(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)讓我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感受(shou)尤為(wei)深刻，那就是(shi)(shi)“石灰(hui)砂砌塊”和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)泡沫(mo)(mo)混凝土砌塊。德(de)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砌體(ti)(ti)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砌體(ti)(ti)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)非常(chang)相近，砌塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本模(mo)(mo)數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，原(yuan)來也是(shi)(shi)以(yi)實(shi)心粘土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)為(wei)主(zhu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)來發展成為(wei)空心粘土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，但粘土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)開采粘土而破壞植被，還需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)消耗(hao)(hao)大(da)量(liang)(liang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燒(shao)結(jie)并釋(shi)放有(you)害氣體(ti)(ti)。而石灰(hui)砂磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌塊是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)200攝氏度(du)下(xia)，蒸汽養護數(shu)(shu)小時(shi)(shi)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)成型，不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)高溫(wen)燒(shao)結(jie)。泡沫(mo)(mo)混凝土砌塊也不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)燒(shao)結(jie)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣就大(da)大(da)減(jian)輕了環(huan)境(jing)壓力(li)(li)(li)，原(yuan)材料(liao)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)反復利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，同時(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砌塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)學和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)工性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)都(dou)比(bi)粘土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)好(hao)。低能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)世界(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)比(bi)較公認(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)推(tui)廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)型節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，而且技(ji)術(shu)(shu)也相對成熟。節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)完成之后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)探求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)節(jie)約(yue)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)綠色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)來講是(shi)(shi)對于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命周期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)。德(de)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)驗(yan)表明，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)靠(kao)外(wai)部系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)提(ti)供，而可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)僅依靠(kao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)身從太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)等(deng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)得，所以(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也叫太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全自(zi)(zi)(zi)給建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)窗戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)、通(tong)風(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、屋頂(ding)光電(dian)(dian)池和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)幾個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)入(ru)手(shou)，通(tong)過每個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互搭(da)配補充，實(shi)現建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao);建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，講究(jiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進深盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)小，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣采暖能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)小;外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)窗戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)避(bi)免“熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)橋效(xiao)應(ying)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生，還有(you)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)、隔熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)砌體(ti)(ti)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇;通(tong)風(feng)(feng)直接關系(xi)(xi)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舒適(shi)性(xing)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點尤為(wei)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)盡量(liang)(liang)減(jian)小風(feng)(feng)速，室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)應(ying)根(gen)據室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)來選擇是(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然通(tong)風(feng)(feng)還是(shi)(shi)被動(dong)進風(feng)(feng)或(huo)排風(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，同時(shi)(shi)配合采暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)保(bao)(bao)證室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恒定(ding)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣才會創造(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)舒適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)環(huan)境(jing);屋頂(ding)光電(dian)(dian)池和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)氫(qing)氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)給自(zi)(zi)(zi)足(zu)，為(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)提(ti)供良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供應(ying)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)持室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恒定(ding);熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水器為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)備(bei)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬季(ji)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不足(zu)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水器提(ti)供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)投(tou)入(ru)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，常(chang)有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)只是(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)。傳統(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雖不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)做到(dao)完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)，但可(ke)(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適(shi)宜(yi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)來降低建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)，比(bi)如(ru)沼氣、利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鄉土材料(liao)來加(jia)強建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)隔熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)。為(wei)此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)綠色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)(shi)，首先是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)審視建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)周圍(wei)現狀，哪些技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)條件有(you)利(li)于節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，哪些可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan);如(ru)果常(chang)規成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不妨與高新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)進行仔細(xi)比(bi)較，何者更經濟(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao);同時(shi)(shi)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)找(zhao)到(dao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)工學上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡點，既減(jian)少能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)損(sun)失又(you)增加(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)獲得，力(li)(li)(li)求節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)益更大(da)化。

5綠色(se)建筑(zhu)技術在新農(nong)村建設(she)的前景

綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全壽命周期(qi)著眼，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)全壽命周期(qi)后(hou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)垃圾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再利(li)用(yong)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要方(fang)(fang)面。誠然(ran)，這只是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)空間建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)方(fang)(fang)面為(wei)(wei)考量，在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)空間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)又應(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)(gai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)投以(yi)(yi)什么(me)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注呢?筆者認為(wei)(wei)，首先應(ying)(ying)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)能(neng)耗、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態性、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)環(huan)境(jing)造成影(ying)響這三個方(fang)(fang)面來思考。在(zai)(zai)(zai)新農村(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)，農村(cun)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統居(ju)(ju)(ju)住模式(shi)中(zhong)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)現代(dai)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住模式(shi)，勢必(bi)會(hui)造成居(ju)(ju)(ju)住方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)和建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觀念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)，即(ji)由(you)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)散式(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住，演變(bian)為(wei)(wei)新農村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)、密集(ji)、小區化居(ju)(ju)(ju)住形態。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人們長期(qi)同自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境(jing)相適(shi)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物(wu)(wu)，往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)采用(yong)簡單、經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)來達到(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活居(ju)(ju)(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新農村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)，我(wo)們必(bi)須應(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)(gai)以(yi)(yi)綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)理(li)念(nian)為(wei)(wei)指(zhi)導(dao)，遵循(xun)可(ke)持(chi)續原(yuan)則進(jin)行規劃設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，盡力與(yu)地域特(te)色相結合，充分(fen)(fen)利(li)用(yong)自(zi)然(ran)而(er)不破(po)壞自(zi)然(ran)，使(shi)人與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和諧相處。因此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)前期(qi)階段，應(ying)(ying)全面考慮地域特(te)色、當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候和地理(li)條件、調查研(yan)究(jiu)當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao);并在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中(zhong)將這些因素(su)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)重點思考，力圖做到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)結合、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)結合。而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，也(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)(gai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工程作出系統分(fen)(fen)析和合理(li)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃，使(shi)工程施工對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響最小，同時針對(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種物(wu)(wu)理(li)性能(neng)，還需要作出相應(ying)(ying)評估(gu)，例如采光、通風、保(bao)溫、隔熱、遮(zhe)陽等物(wu)(wu)理(li)性能(neng)。此外，也(ye)(ye)要對(dui)(dui)(dui)當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光環(huan)境(jing)進(jin)行分(fen)(fen)析，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否適(shi)合采用(yong)太陽能(neng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)農村(cun)沼(zhao)氣(qi)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種環(huan)保(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型能(neng)源，在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中(zhong)同樣需要給予重視。

篇8

1.1高(gao)校(xiao)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)間形(xing)成(cheng)協作關系，開(kai)展館(guan)(guan)(guan)際(ji)互借同一(yi)(yi)地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)高(gao)校(xiao)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)要(yao)形(xing)成(cheng)協作網絡(luo)，建立統一(yi)(yi)共享(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)、情報資源信(xin)息(xi)庫和資源共享(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)交流平(ping)臺，使農(nong)村讀者(zhe)在(zai)任何(he)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)任何(he)節點(dian)、終(zhong)端(duan)，都可以檢索文獻，用最短的(de)(de)時間獲得盡可能多的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)。各(ge)館(guan)(guan)(guan)之間建立圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)資料(liao)借閱(yue)和歸(gui)(gui)還的(de)(de)流動機(ji)制(zhi)。本著就(jiu)近(jin)借閱(yue)、就(jiu)近(jin)歸(gui)(gui)還的(de)(de)原則(ze)，方便(bian)農(nong)村讀者(zhe)借閱(yue)和歸(gui)(gui)還。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)讀者(zhe)即(ji)(ji)使從多個(ge)(ge)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)借閱(yue)了多本圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)資料(liao)，也只需選(xuan)擇一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)最方便(bian)的(de)(de)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)歸(gui)(gui)還即(ji)(ji)可，不必向每個(ge)(ge)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)別歸(gui)(gui)還，而由圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)網絡(luo)流動機(ji)制(zhi)完成(cheng)圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)資料(liao)的(de)(de)歸(gui)(gui)還工作。

1.2與(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，聯合(he)(he)(he)開(kai)展互(hu)借服務(wu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)近年來(lai)參與(yu)(yu)了(le)(le)國(guo)家的(de)“知識(shi)工程”“送(song)書(shu)(shu)(shu)下鄉工程”“全國(guo)文化信息資源共(gong)享工程”等項目，在為農村(cun)、為農民服務(wu)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，積(ji)累了(le)(le)寶貴的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)。高校圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)應與(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)密(mi)切合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，形成合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制，聯合(he)(he)(he)開(kai)展互(hu)借服務(wu)。建立以公(gong)(gong)共(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)為主、高校圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)參與(yu)(yu)建設(she)的(de)鄉鎮圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)分館(guan)(guan)或(huo)村(cun)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)室，為農村(cun)讀者提供文獻借閱服務(wu)。高校圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)之(zhi)間以及高校圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)與(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，要注(zhu)意(yi)優勢互(hu)補(bu)，將最新的(de)、農村(cun)讀者急需的(de)有(you)關養殖(zhi)業(ye)、畜(chu)牧業(ye)、農林技術方面的(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)籍(ji)及時送(song)到(dao)農村(cun)讀者手中(zhong)。

2信息服務模式

信(xin)息(xi)服(fu)務模式(shi)是(shi)目前高校(xiao)圖書館(guan)服(fu)務社會主(zhu)義新農村建設最主(zhu)要(yao)的服(fu)務模式(shi)。

2.1與地方政(zheng)府同步規劃，共建農村信(xin)息(xi)網(wang)絡平臺

2.1.1與(yu)當地(di)政(zheng)府協(xie)調，共同建(jian)設(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息網(wang)絡(luo)平臺(tai)(tai)運用現代信(xin)(xin)(xin)息技術(shu)手(shou)段，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)提供(gong)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)科(ke)技工(gong)作者(zhe)相(xiang)距較(jiao)遠(yuan)，為(wei)了能(neng)更(geng)好地(di)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地(di)地(di)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)科(ke)技工(gong)作者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，應(ying)(ying)建(jian)立(li)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)平臺(tai)(tai)，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)開(kai)設(she)一(yi)條信(xin)(xin)(xin)息資(zi)源(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線，可(ke)以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)有線電話(hua)(hua)、移動電話(hua)(hua)、或(huo)互聯(lian)網(wang)、QQ視頻、QQ郵箱(xiang)等(deng)聯(lian)系(xi)方(fang)式，保持和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)朋(peng)友時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，事事聯(lian)系(xi)，針對他們在生產(chan)、生活中遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)等(deng)問題，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)聯(lian)系(xi)學院及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家予以解(jie)(jie)答(da)，從而防(fang)止他們可(ke)能(neng)因操作不當而導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)遭受(shou)損失的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)發生。為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)提供(gong)經過(guo)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作人(ren)員加工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息資(zi)源(yuan)，主動提供(gong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)、參考(kao)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)等(deng)形(xing)式多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。2.1.2建(jian)立(li)虛擬(ni)參考(kao)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)系(xi)統，解(jie)(jie)答(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)問題虛擬(ni)參考(kao)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)是(shi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)利用現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)平臺(tai)(tai)推(tui)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)參考(kao)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)形(xing)式，是(shi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)不受(shou)地(di)域、時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，在網(wang)上實(shi)時(shi)(shi)解(jie)(jie)答(da)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，從而使讀(du)(du)者(zhe)能(neng)夠及(ji)時(shi)(shi)得(de)到(dao)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)答(da)案(an)。虛擬(ni)參考(kao)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)在高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)已普遍開(kai)展，并積累了寶貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗。將虛擬(ni)參考(kao)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)范(fan)圍向(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)延伸，解(jie)(jie)答(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)問題，高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)建(jian)設(she)適合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息資(zi)源(yuan)或(huo)建(jian)立(li)涉(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題數據庫，讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)能(neng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)登(deng)錄圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)站查閱(yue)相(xiang)關(guan)數據庫資(zi)源(yuan)。同時(shi)(shi)，高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)建(jian)立(li)微博、微信(xin)(xin)(xin)平臺(tai)(tai)，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)開(kai)展一(yi)對一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。隨(sui)著“村(cun)村(cun)通(tong)(tong)電話(hua)(hua)”“鄉鄉能(neng)上網(wang)”等(deng)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)持續(xu)深(shen)入推(tui)進，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息化平臺(tai)(tai)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息化業(ye)務(wu)(wu)逐漸繁(fan)榮。在越來越多(duo)(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)利用手(shou)機獲取信(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)構建(jian)網(wang)絡(luo)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)平臺(tai)(tai)，利用微博、微信(xin)(xin)(xin)多(duo)(duo)功(gong)能(neng)特(te)點，開(kai)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，讓(rang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)手(shou)機用戶尤其是(shi)青(qing)年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)移動網(wang)絡(luo)學習新技術(shu)、獲取新信(xin)(xin)(xin)息。

2.2開(kai)展信息(xi)咨詢服務(wu)，提高(gao)生產經營效益(yi)

2.2.1增(zeng)強成(cheng)本(ben)低但實(shi)用性(xing)(xing)強的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)開發針對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民文化(hua)層次低、網絡使用率(lv)低的(de)(de)特點，開發一些成(cheng)本(ben)低廉但實(shi)用性(xing)(xing)強的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。比(bi)如(ru)，組織(zhi)專人對紙(zhi)質文獻中(zhong)(zhong)涉及(ji)當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民急(ji)(ji)需(xu)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)行(xing)提煉(lian)，選(xuan)出其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)編(bian)輯(ji)形成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技知識匯(hui)編(bian)，尤其(qi)要對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民難以(yi)讀懂的(de)(de)專業(ye)詞匯(hui)做(zuo)出通(tong)俗化(hua)解釋，方(fang)便群眾閱(yue)讀；同時(shi)充分(fen)(fen)利用網絡資源優勢，由專人負(fu)責從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)網站及(ji)時(shi)下(xia)載農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民關(guan)注的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村熱點問題(ti)和急(ji)(ji)需(xu)的(de)(de)涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)，準確及(ji)時(shi)地提供(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)求信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)求的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)對接，提高生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。2.2.2進(jin)行(xing)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)跟蹤提供(gong)(gong)個性(xing)(xing)化(hua)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)服務根據農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)周(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)(xing)特點，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)前(qian)期(qi)、中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)、后期(qi)分(fen)(fen)別收集相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)指(zhi)導(dao)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)及(ji)作物病蟲害防治信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)。針對種(zhong)養大(da)(da)戶、購銷(xiao)大(da)(da)戶、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)龍(long)頭企業(ye)等農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營主體，準確及(ji)時(shi)地為其(qi)提供(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)求信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)供(gong)(gong)求的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)對接，降低營銷(xiao)成(cheng)本(ben)，提高生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。

3知識服務模式

知識服務模式是高校(xiao)圖書(shu)館(guan)服務社會主(zhu)義新(xin)農村建設(she)最(zui)具發展潛(qian)力和開發前(qian)景的服務模式。

3.1開展科技定向服務，加速科技成(cheng)果的轉化和推廣

3.1.1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)地(di)(di)方高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)圖書(shu)館應依托高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)搭建(jian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)部門(men)與農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通平臺(tai)，積極下基層了(le)解(jie)(jie)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中所(suo)(suo)遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術難題(ti)和(he)農(nong)(nong)民對新品(pin)種、新技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)，并(bing)及時(shi)反饋給(gei)(gei)學(xue)校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)負責人(ren)(ren)，幫助其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)立項(xiang)，進(jin)行技術攻關，增強高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)針對性(xing)與實用性(xing)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)節省科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)查(cha)(cha)詢、檢索所(suo)(suo)需(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，便于科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)隨時(shi)跟蹤本研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)領域(yu)或本行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)動(dong)態，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)圖書(shu)館要利(li)用館內外傳統文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、電子網絡資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)針對科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特定(ding)課題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)題(ti)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)，使所(suo)(suo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課題(ti)順利(li)結題(ti)，早(zao)日轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)新農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)做(zuo)出(chu)貢(gong)獻(xian)。3.1.2為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)熱點產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投資(zi)咨(zi)詢服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)圖書(shu)館在(zai)(zai)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)時(shi)，要在(zai)(zai)全社會范(fan)圍內開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)熱點產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投資(zi)咨(zi)詢服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)(suo)有(you)社會公眾提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)多(duo)層次、多(duo)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)更好地(di)(di)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)“三農(nong)(nong)”，可開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小型商業(ye)(ye)(ye)戶(hu)、超(chao)市等(deng)專(zhuan)題(ti)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)代查(cha)(cha)傳遞(di)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，如讀(du)(du)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)選擇產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投資(zi)時(shi)，往往他們只了(le)解(jie)(jie)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)些(xie)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)而找不到原始文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)全文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，圖書(shu)館按其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要求(qiu)(qiu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)幫助查(cha)(cha)找復印（復制）或打(da)印原始文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)傳遞(di)給(gei)(gei)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)(zhe)等(deng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)。3.1.3為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政府(fu)等(deng)部門(men)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)題(ti)咨(zi)詢服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)有(you)一個和(he)諧、安寧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會環境，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)圖書(shu)館可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政府(fu)等(deng)部門(men)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)題(ti)咨(zi)詢服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)，如根(gen)據政府(fu)部門(men)讀(du)(du)者(zhe)(zhe)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)摘、期刊論文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、專(zhuan)題(ti)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)、標準文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)。3.1.4為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理咨(zi)詢項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)利(li)用圖書(shu)館文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)創(chuang)效益(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，要本著為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各類信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)活動(dong)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)競(jing)爭情報，積極開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)代檢工作(zuo)(zuo)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)方提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式(shi)多(duo)樣、有(you)質有(you)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分析等(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)產(chan)品(pin)，使企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)通過(guo)學(xue)習提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)管理經驗，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經濟效益(yi)(yi)。3.1.5積極推進(jin)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化地(di)(di)方高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)是科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主力(li)軍，每年有(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)問(wen)世。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)圖書(shu)館可通過(guo)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網站本校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)，使農(nong)(nong)村科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren)員將最(zui)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)、最(zui)實用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)技知(zhi)識(shi)應用于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)實踐(jian)。甚(shen)至，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校(xiao)館可與農(nong)(nong)村科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren)員合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，使大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)現(xian)(xian)實生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)。通過(guo)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)，形成(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)民增收、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)盈利(li)、學(xue)校(xiao)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)贏局面(mian)。

3.2開展業務培訓，大力培育和造就新(xin)型農(nong)民

3.2.1對(dui)“村(cun)(cun)官(guan)”進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)中央已經決(jue)定，從(cong)2008年(nian)開(kai)始(shi)，連續用5年(nian)時間(jian)，選聘(pin)10萬名(ming)高(gao)校(xiao)畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)任職，同時要(yao)(yao)(yao)求高(gao)校(xiao)加強(qiang)對(dui)大(da)(da)學生(sheng)(sheng)“村(cun)(cun)官(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)。高(gao)校(xiao)館(guan)理(li)應積極(ji)(ji)配合，提(ti)供政治理(li)論(lun)、黨的(de)(de)(de)路線方(fang)針(zhen)政策(ce)、思想道德教(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)；開(kai)辦(ban)(ban)有關農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)法(fa)律法(fa)規、市場經濟、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經營管理(li)等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)講座，確(que)保(bao)大(da)(da)學生(sheng)(sheng)“村(cun)(cun)官(guan)”真(zhen)正成為社會(hui)主(zhu)義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)干力(li)(li)量(liang)，能夠帶領廣(guang)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)群眾擺脫貧(pin)困，科學致富(fu)，直奔小康。同時還要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)他(ta)們開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)繼續教(jiao)育(yu)和研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)同等(deng)學歷教(jiao)育(yu)，例如(ru)把他(ta)們請進(jin)學校(xiao)，脫產(chan)(chan)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)，或者(zhe)送書(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)門(men)，在崗培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)。3.2.2對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)離不開(kai)培(pei)育(yu)造就(jiu)新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)。圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)應挖掘人力(li)(li)資源，針(zhen)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)實(shi)際需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，舉辦(ban)(ban)各(ge)種(zhong)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)班，培(pei)育(yu)有文(wen)化、懂技術、會(hui)經營的(de)(de)(de)新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)；可以(yi)將公益(yi)性講座開(kai)辦(ban)(ban)到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)間(jian)、地頭，提(ti)升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化素質(zhi)，培(pei)養(yang)他(ta)們良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活習慣；要(yao)(yao)(yao)鼓勵(li)返鄉的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)勇于創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)，因此制宜地發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)本地經濟；認(ren)真(zhen)貫徹落實(shi)中央提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)列強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)、惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政策(ce)，著力(li)(li)解決(jue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)供水、交通、就(jiu)醫、通訊、教(jiao)育(yu)、環保(bao)等(deng)突出問題，積極(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加工業(ye)(ye)、規模種(zhong)植和養(yang)殖業(ye)(ye)、特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、鄉村(cun)(cun)旅游業(ye)(ye)、現代服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)。激勵(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)學知識、學技術的(de)(de)(de)熱情，激發(fa)內在動力(li)(li)，為社會(hui)主(zhu)義新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)創(chuang)造最佳(jia)業(ye)(ye)績。3.2.3對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)管理(li)員(yuan)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)高(gao)校(xiao)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)具(ju)有人才(cai)優勢(shi)，可以(yi)讓具(ju)有豐富(fu)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)學、情報學專業(ye)(ye)知識的(de)(de)(de)館(guan)員(yuan)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)管理(li)員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)，提(ti)高(gao)其業(ye)(ye)務(wu)素質(zhi)，從(cong)而更好地滿(man)足農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)閱讀需要(yao)(yao)(yao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)館(guan)管理(li)員(yuan)與廣(guang)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)群眾直接(jie)接(jie)觸，他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)提(ti)高(gao)了，受益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是廣(guang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)。

4結束語

篇9

人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)危(wei)機實(shi)質是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統中“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”和(he)(he)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”兩方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)不(bu)協調乃至(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)立。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)立和(he)(he)矛(mao)盾日(ri)益(yi)突(tu)出，從(cong)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)來(lai)說，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)世界(jie)(jie)上(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)最多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)，約占(zhan)世界(jie)(jie)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)22%。由(you)于我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)存量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)巨(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，致(zhi)使每年仍(reng)以(yi)龐大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)零增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)前將(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)3.5億(yi)(yi)。根據中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)可持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展模擬模型，按目前我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)發(fa)(fa)展趨勢預測，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2020年將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)14.48億(yi)(yi)，21世紀中葉將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)16億(yi)(yi)。如此龐大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)僅帶來(lai)教(jiao)育、就業、老化(hua)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，而且形成(cheng)對(dui)農業、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)久壓力。從(cong)總體上(shang)講，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)一(yi)個資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，但是(shi)從(cong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)占(zhan)有量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)來(lai)看(kan)，不(bu)到(dao)(dao)世界(jie)(jie)平均(jun)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)半。總理曾經(jing)說過(guo)(guo)：一(yi)個很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)乘以(yi)13億(yi)(yi)，都會(hui)變(bian)成(cheng)一(yi)個大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)；一(yi)個很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，除以(yi)13億(yi)(yi)，都會(hui)變(bian)成(cheng)一(yi)個小(xiao)數目。一(yi)句話(hua)，概括了中人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質。脆弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和(he)(he)有限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)怎么能(neng)(neng)維持(chi)如此日(ri)益(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)？從(cong)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)來(lai)說：土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、水(shui)(shui)、礦產和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)等(deng)(deng)自然資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)賴于生(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質基礎。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)有量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)足(zu)，特(te)別是(shi)一(yi)些人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)和(he)(he)經(jing)濟(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)省如上(shang)海、北(bei)京、福建、天津及(ji)廣東等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)有都在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.8畝以(yi)下。隨著我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)和(he)(he)城市化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)快，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積將(jiang)進(jin)一(yi)步減少(shao)，耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緊張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況將(jiang)會(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。同時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)土流失(shi)、耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)退化(hua)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)非常突(tu)出。在(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)許多(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)缺水(shui)(shui)，即使在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)久南水(shui)(shui)北(bei)調工程(cheng)竣(jun)工，也不(bu)能(neng)(neng)完全解決我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺水(shui)(shui)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。與此同時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污染仍(reng)然相當嚴(yan)重(zhong)。2013年全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)排放總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)695.4億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)(dun)。其中，工業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)排放量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)209.8億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)(dun)、城鎮生(sheng)(sheng)活污水(shui)(shui)排放量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)485.1億(yi)(yi)噸(dun)(dun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)礦產資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內現(xian)(xian)有探明(ming)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只有一(yi)部分能(neng)(neng)夠滿足(zu)今后(hou)長(chang)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展需求(qiu)，許多(duo)(duo)礦產資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)探明(ming)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)足(zu)，尤其是(shi)石油、天然氣(qi)、金、銅等(deng)(deng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型礦產資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)嚴(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)足(zu)，不(bu)久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)來(lai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)許多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型礦山和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)型油氣(qi)田(tian)將(jiang)因資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)耗竭而關(guan)(guan)閉。在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，由(you)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)活對(dui)自然環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞導致(zhi)許多(duo)(duo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)瀕(bin)臨滅(mie)絕(jue)，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)發(fa)(fa)展受到(dao)(dao)極(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅。這(zhe)(zhe)些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)僅會(hui)極(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制約我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)展和(he)(he)影響(xiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，更重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)將(jiang)影響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)整個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。由(you)于資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)短缺和(he)(he)過(guo)(guo)度開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)將(jiang)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)突(tu)出。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)改革開放以(yi)來(lai)經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)展，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)也在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)斷異化(hua)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)活動與自然環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)立與矛(mao)盾日(ri)益(yi)突(tu)出，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)可持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)機，在(zai)(zai)(zai)當前這(zhe)(zhe)種危(wei)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)表現(xian)(xian)形式就是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)日(ri)益(yi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。

二、我國新農(nong)村建設中的生態(tai)環(huan)境問題

社會(hui)主義新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發展(zhan)進程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重大歷史(shi)任務，黨的(de)(de)(de)十把“建(jian)設(she)(she)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明”寫入建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色(se)社會(hui)主義的(de)(de)(de)“五位一體”的(de)(de)(de)總布局，這(zhe)也包涵了新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)對生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)保護。而我(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)村長(chang)期以來，由于受(shou)到習慣思維和(he)(he)(he)(he)鄉(xiang)村自然經濟的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)刻影(ying)響，再加上法律(lv)不(bu)健全，法制觀念意(yi)識落后(hou)，在工(gong)業化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)進程中(zhong)忽視(shi)了環(huan)境規劃(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)治理，導致在經濟發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)出(chu)現(xian)了嚴重的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)破壞(huai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)環(huan)境污(wu)染問題。農(nong)(nong)村環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染和(he)(he)(he)(he)破壞(huai)不(bu)僅(jin)嚴重影(ying)響農(nong)(nong)村居民(min)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活和(he)(he)(he)(he)身體健康(kang)，而且直接制約農(nong)(nong)村工(gong)業化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)進程，影(ying)響整個國(guo)(guo)家(jia)經濟與社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)良性發展(zhan)。當前農(nong)(nong)村典型的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境問題主要有(you)以下幾類。

（一）生活垃(la)圾污染日益嚴重

隨著我國城市(shi)化進程的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)快，農(nong)村(cun)人口迅速增加(jia)，城市(shi)化傾向日益(yi)明顯(xian)。但是與城市(shi)相對規范的(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)、較(jiao)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)基礎設施(shi)相比，農(nong)村(cun)在這些方(fang)面明顯(xian)落后，臟亂差現(xian)象突出，產(chan)生(sheng)大量生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)染，“污(wu)水(shui)亂潑、垃圾亂倒(dao)、糞土亂堆”的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象普遍(bian)存(cun)在。由于農(nong)村(cun)基礎設施(shi)建設滯后和缺乏(fa)管理(li)，導致(zhi)垃圾無(wu)害(hai)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)效(xiao)率十分低(di)下，很多未經任(ren)何處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)廢棄物(wu)隨意的(de)(de)(de)堆放，造成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)環境污(wu)染。厝仔村(cun),屬石獅市(shi)城鄉(xiang)結(jie)合部，全(quan)村(cun)515戶，2346人。雖然村(cun)里有(you)在相應地方(fang)放置垃圾箱，但是還(huan)存(cun)在“亂潑亂倒(dao)”的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，這些生(sheng)活(huo)垃圾得(de)不到切實有(you)效(xiao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，導致(zhi)蚊(wen)蠅、細菌、病毒的(de)(de)(de)滋生(sheng)繁衍，直接或(huo)間接威脅村(cun)民的(de)(de)(de)健康。可見(jian)，農(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)活(huo)垃圾的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)處(chu)(chu)置與管理(li)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)緊迫性日益(yi)凸顯(xian)。

（二）農業(ye)生產活動污染突出

為了(le)(le)(le)提高勞動生產(chan)率，現代化(hua)學工業的成果被(bei)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)，在(zai)生產(chan)過(guo)程中大量(liang)(liang)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業機(ji)械，施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)各種化(hua)肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)油燃料(liao)、塑料(liao)薄膜，使(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)率大幅度(du)提高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)大幅度(du)增(zeng)長。但同(tong)時也帶(dai)來了(le)(le)(le)許多(duo)新(xin)問題，如(ru)化(hua)肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)薄膜，導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)土壤質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)下降，同(tong)時還(huan)造(zao)成水體(ti)的有(you)機(ji)污(wu)(wu)染；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)量(liang)(liang)的增(zeng)多(duo)嚴重影(ying)響食品(pin)安全(quan)，威脅到(dao)人類的健康；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)具、石(shi)油燃料(liao)的廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)對大氣的污(wu)(wu)染；養殖業的迅猛發展造(zao)成了(le)(le)(le)畜禽糞(fen)便(bian)無(wu)法(fa)全(quan)部用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)，排入河中造(zao)成新(xin)的污(wu)(wu)染，等等。厝仔村(cun)耕(geng)地面(mian)積450畝，主要是種植作(zuo)物為蔬菜(cai)和(he)(he)水稻，蔬菜(cai)種植全(quan)年都要使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)化(hua)肥(fei)。由(you)于化(hua)肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)多(duo)導致土壤遭(zao)到(dao)破壞，土地貧瘠嚴重；蔬菜(cai)大量(liang)(liang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)氨基甲酸酯類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，諸(zhu)如(ru)抗蚜威、西維(wei)因、克(ke)百威、殺(sha)螟(ming)丹(dan)、殘殺(sha)威等，這些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)上，嚴重危害人身健康。

（三）農村工業污染逐年(nian)加劇(ju)

改革開放(fang)以來鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業異(yi)軍(jun)突起(qi)，蓬(peng)勃發(fa)展，推動了(le)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)小城(cheng)鎮(zhen)的(de)建(jian)設(she)和發(fa)展，這為(wei)社會主義新農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)創造(zao)了(le)一個非常有(you)(you)利(li)的(de)條件。但(dan)是鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)企(qi)(qi)業呈現規模小、布局分散(san)和經(jing)營粗放(fang)的(de)發(fa)展特征，造(zao)成周邊環(huan)境(jing)嚴重(zhong)污(wu)染(ran)，主要集中在(zai)(zai)(zai)印(yin)染(ran)、造(zao)紙、電(dian)鍍、建(jian)材、化工(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)行(xing)業。在(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)，這類中小企(qi)(qi)業逐年在(zai)(zai)(zai)增加(jia)，對周邊環(huan)境(jing)的(de)污(wu)染(ran)也在(zai)(zai)(zai)不斷加(jia)劇。據統計(ji)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業污(wu)染(ran)已使全國16.7萬平(ping)方千米(mi)的(de)耕(geng)地遭到嚴重(zhong)破壞，占全國耕(geng)地總量的(de)17.5%。此外，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)這些中小企(qi)(qi)業還(huan)造(zao)成水污(wu)染(ran)和大(da)氣污(wu)染(ran)等(deng)(deng)。厝(cuo)仔(zi)村(cun)(cun)雖(sui)然不大(da)，但(dan)是卻有(you)(you)十幾家中小企(qi)(qi)業，包括食品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、服裝(zhuang)廠(chang)、機械制(zhi)造(zao)廠(chang)、電(dian)子鐘表廠(chang)、印(yin)染(ran)廠(chang)等(deng)(deng)。這些企(qi)(qi)業中，絕大(da)多數(shu)屬于農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)小作坊類型的(de)，還(huan)處于粗放(fang)型生產經(jing)營，設(she)備陳舊、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝落(luo)后、能耗高，這些中小企(qi)(qi)業基(ji)本上沒有(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)防治設(she)施，也無力承擔(dan)污(wu)染(ran)治理費用，每天(tian)排放(fang)大(da)量的(de)污(wu)水和工(gong)(gong)(gong)業廢渣，造(zao)成生活環(huan)境(jing)、水體的(de)污(wu)染(ran)和耕(geng)地的(de)破壞。

（四）農(nong)村環境教(jiao)育滯后，農(nong)民環保意識低(di)下(xia)

當(dang)前，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展雖然很快(kuai)，但(dan)是(shi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)教育水平低(di)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護意識(shi)普(pu)遍不(bu)(bu)高(gao)，由于(yu)相關(guan)政府部門對(dui)(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)教育不(bu)(bu)夠，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)受傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活習(xi)慣(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，不(bu)(bu)能正確認識(shi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)污(wu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害性，對(dui)(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)污(wu)染現(xian)象(xiang)視(shi)若無(wu)睹，同時(shi)又(you)(you)受到(dao)經(jing)濟條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約(yue)(yue)，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)對(dui)(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)破壞現(xian)象(xiang)無(wu)法顧及。厝(cuo)仔村(cun)(cun)(cun)近些(xie)年來經(jing)濟迅速(su)發(fa)展，村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保意識(shi)總體(ti)上(shang)日益(yi)增強，但(dan)是(shi)還(huan)有不(bu)(bu)少(shao)人(ren)缺(que)乏環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保觀念、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保意識(shi)低(di)下(xia)，文明生活、生態生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好習(xi)慣(guan)尚未養(yang)成(cheng)，他們對(dui)(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)污(wu)染問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)缺(que)乏認識(shi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本常(chang)識(shi)不(bu)(bu)了(le)解，只看到(dao)眼前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)，追(zhui)求(qiu)低(di)成(cheng)本高(gao)產出，不(bu)(bu)考慮(lv)后果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用有機化(hua)肥，使土(tu)地越(yue)耕種越(yue)貧(pin)瘠(ji)。為了(le)追(zhui)求(qiu)蔬(shu)菜、水果和糧食的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀，無(wu)限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，造成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品本身質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降(jiang)和大量(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留(liu)，危害人(ren)身健康(kang)。我國新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)日益(yi)凸(tu)顯(xian)，嚴(yan)重制約(yue)(yue)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展。新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建(jian)設中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)實(shi)質(zhi)是(shi)人(ren)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。人(ren)類在發(fa)展過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)斷對(dui)(dui)(dui)周圍(wei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)施加影(ying)響(xiang)，而環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)反(fan)過(guo)(guo)來又(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)自身產生消極(ji)作(zuo)用，制約(yue)(yue)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，這(zhe)就是(shi)人(ren)地關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異(yi)化(hua)。所以要解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)必(bi)須協調(diao)人(ren)地關(guan)系(xi)(xi)促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)展。

三、堅(jian)持新農村建(jian)設的可(ke)持續(xu)發展，促進人地關(guan)系(xi)和諧

可(ke)持續發展(zhan)(zhan)強調發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)持久性和連續性，既要(yao)滿足現代人的(de)(de)生存(cun)發展(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)，又不(bu)影響子(zi)孫(sun)后(hou)代的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)。新(xin)農村建(jian)設中必須堅(jian)持可(ke)持續發展(zhan)(zhan)，促進人地關系的(de)(de)和諧(xie)，建(jian)設農村生態文(wen)明。

（一）發(fa)展生(sheng)態農業

發(fa)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)保護(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境，實(shi)(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)可持續(xu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)途徑。我國所倡(chang)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)在經(jing)(jing)濟與(yu)(yu)環境協調發(fa)展原則指(zhi)導(dao)下(xia)，總結(jie)和(he)吸收各(ge)種(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成功經(jing)(jing)驗，按照生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)原理，應用(yong)系(xi)統(tong)工程方(fang)式(shi)(shi)建立(li)和(he)發(fa)展起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)一種(zhong)投資(zi)少、能(neng)耗低、環境污染和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)破壞最小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，是(shi)把(ba)現代科學(xue)(xue)技(ji)術成就與(yu)(yu)傳統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精華有機結(jie)合，把(ba)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境治理與(yu)(yu)保護(hu)，資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培育與(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)用(yong)融(rong)為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)合理性(xing)、功能(neng)齊(qi)全(quan)良性(xing)循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型綜合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)體(ti)系(xi)。發(fa)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)要做(zuo)到(dao)節地(di)、節水(shui)、節藥、節肥，引導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民使用(yong)科學(xue)(xue)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)施肥；推廣使用(yong)低毒、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、殘(can)留少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥和(he)可降解塑料薄膜，實(shi)(shi)施病蟲(chong)害有效(xiao)(xiao)防治；實(shi)(shi)施有機廢棄物科學(xue)(xue)化(hua)處(chu)理，減少新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建設(she)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面源(yuan)污染；全(quan)面推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村循(xun)環經(jing)(jing)濟建設(she)，提高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續(xu)發(fa)展。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)以人(ren)為(wei)中心，協調人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，其實(shi)(shi)就是(shi)在潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)上(shang)，用(yong)潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食品，提高(gao)(gao)人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康水(shui)平，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續(xu)發(fa)展。

（二）開發沼氣工(gong)程

沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)發(fa)是(shi)保護農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)、提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活質(zhi)量、實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)舉措，是(shi)調整(zheng)(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產結(jie)構，發(fa)展高產、優質(zhi)、高效(xiao)(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)基礎。首先(xian)，沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)有利(li)于保護農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)社會(hui)全面進(jin)步。沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)是(shi)將一(yi)(yi)些廢棄物(wu)、動物(wu)糞(fen)便等在密(mi)閉條件下經過(guo)細菌發(fa)酵使其(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體。沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)作燃(ran)(ran)料和(he)照(zhao)明，這可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以有效(xiao)(xiao)地解(jie)決煙塵(chen)污染問題(ti)。沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)作熱值，燃(ran)(ran)燒后(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)和(he)水(shui)，不污染空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，不危害(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)和(he)人(ren)畜健康；生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原料本(ben)身就(jiu)是(shi)各種(zhong)廢棄物(wu)，用(yong)(yong)來生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以大大減(jian)少垃圾的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量，從而凈化(hua)(hua)環境(jing)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統計(ji)顯示，2012年(nian)全國就(jiu)超過(guo)4000萬(wan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶用(yong)(yong)上(shang)了沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)廣(guang)泛建設(she)家用(yong)(yong)沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)池，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以有效(xiao)(xiao)地改(gai)變一(yi)(yi)些地方(fang)(fang)(fang)落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)養殖(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，美(mei)化(hua)(hua)亮化(hua)(hua)廚房、廁所等家居環境(jing)，使村(cun)容村(cun)貌(mao)大為(wei)(wei)(wei)改(gai)觀。在這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)精神面貌(mao)會(hui)煥然一(yi)(yi)新。其(qi)次(ci)，實施沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工程有利(li)于農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展。經過(guo)無(wu)(wu)害(hai)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)沼(zhao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料，施用(yong)(yong)后(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)大大降低(di)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)量，還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以減(jian)輕病蟲害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，減(jian)少農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥使用(yong)(yong)量，從而提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)和(he)安全性，增強市(shi)場(chang)競爭力。沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)在節(jie)約(yue)成本(ben)增加效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)上(shang)也有顯著作用(yong)(yong)，簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)測算，僅節(jie)約(yue)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)量和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活燃(ran)(ran)料開(kai)支(zhi)，每年(nian)就(jiu)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民每戶節(jie)約(yue)1200多元，加上(shang)增產和(he)提高品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收，經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)十分可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)觀。沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)速效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，廣(guang)泛推(tui)廣(guang)以后(hou)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以大大減(jian)少化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)對(dui)土壤造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞，對(dui)保護耕地的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產能力非常有利(li)。通過(guo)推(tui)廣(guang)沼(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)模式和(he)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)標準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術，引(yin)導(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)(zheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)能在市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)占有一(yi)(yi)席之(zhi)地，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)沿著產業(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展。

（三）加強農村環境綜合(he)治理

在(zai)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)發(fa)展中，要繼續加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)整治工(gong)作(zuo)，加(jia)(jia)強農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she)(she)。通過(guo)多種(zhong)方式和途徑，諸如爭取中央、省級專項資(zi)金(jin)、地(di)方政府投(tou)入、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)招商(shang)引資(zi)等(deng)方式，全面啟(qi)動農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)整治工(gong)程(cheng)。據調查統計，我國還(huan)有(you)多數行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)住房、自來水、廁(ce)(ce)所、燃料、公路(lu)(lu)等(deng)方面存(cun)在(zai)問(wen)題。所以要加(jia)(jia)強各級政府對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環境(jing)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)重視，對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)進行有(you)效地(di)監管。在(zai)各個村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮要加(jia)(jia)強污水、垃圾的(de)(de)科學化(hua)(hua)處理，加(jia)(jia)快“改(gai)水、改(gai)廚、改(gai)廁(ce)(ce)、改(gai)圈”的(de)(de)步伐，搞好村(cun)(cun)(cun)內主(zhu)要道路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)美(mei)化(hua)(hua)、綠化(hua)(hua)、硬化(hua)(hua)、凈化(hua)(hua)、亮化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。同時積極開展環境(jing)優(you)美(mei)鄉（鎮）、文明生態(tai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)，利(li)用好廣(guang)播、電視、網(wang)絡、報刊、板報等(deng)媒體，深入開展多種(zhong)形式的(de)(de)“生態(tai)文明新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)”的(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳教育，充分(fen)發(fa)動更多的(de)(de)人積極參(can)與新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)生態(tai)環境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，充分(fen)發(fa)揮農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)廣(guang)大(da)干(gan)部群眾的(de)(de)積極性(xing)和創造性(xing)，實現人地(di)關系的(de)(de)協調發(fa)展，建設(she)(she)(she)(she)資(zi)源(yuan)節約、環境(jing)友好、和諧(xie)美(mei)麗(li)的(de)(de)新農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。

四、結束語

篇10

1.農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構與金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)數(shu)(shu)量減(jian)少(shao)。就當前(qian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平而言，由于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)銀行以及農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)信用(yong)社(she)等商(shang)業(ye)銀行都在進行經(jing)營戰略的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)試點工作(zuo)，陸續(xu)撤銷的(de)(de)(de)(de)虧損網點，直接導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構與金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)數(shu)(shu)量大(da)(da)幅度減(jian)少(shao)。導致農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人們(men)能夠(gou)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務途徑突然減(jian)少(shao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足，嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)(da)。其(qi)次(ci)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構與金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)數(shu)(shu)量減(jian)少(shao)，部分地(di)區能夠(gou)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民提供(gong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構僅(jin)僅(jin)局(ju)限于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)信用(yong)社(she)，諸多的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策、產權制度不合(he)理等因(yin)素，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)信用(yong)社(she)在支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)事業(ye)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)投(tou)入(ru)明顯減(jian)少(shao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構與金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)逐(zhu)漸(jian)呈現退(tui)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構與金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)數(shu)(shu)量減(jian)少(shao)，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體制改(gai)革，陷(xian)入(ru)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)困境。經(jing)年累月(yue)下來，嚴重影響(xiang)(xiang)了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

2.國家(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作用(yong)弱(ruo)化(hua)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)經濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，國家(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戰略，一直(zhi)是(shi)其(qi)改(gai)(gai)革發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心組成部(bu)分。國家(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)化(hua)，使原本(ben)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)就不(bu)夠健(jian)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革，再(zai)次陷入發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困境。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革由于(yu)面臨(lin)著許多無(wu)法解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)問(wen)題，其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)與規(gui)模，逐漸停(ting)留在改(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)初步(bu)階段(duan)，不(bu)但無(wu)法促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)榮發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，甚(shen)至在一定(ding)程度上，影響了農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)經濟改(gai)(gai)革體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)全發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。近幾年(nian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)銀(yin)行作為唯(wei)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銀(yin)行，雖然其(qi)存(cun)在與發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)倍(bei)受廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)，但由于(yu)其(qi)自(zi)身存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能缺位問(wen)題，其(qi)具有局限性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務范圍，始(shi)終無(wu)法真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)持(chi)作用(yong)。此(ci)外(wai)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術創新、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產設(she)備更新等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，都離不(bu)開政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。因此(ci)，在農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革進(jin)程中(zhong)，必(bi)須強(qiang)化(hua)國家(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)策(ce)(ce)略的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

3.民(min)間(jian)(jian)金融(rong)(rong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平較低。在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經濟的(de)(de)過程中，民(min)間(jian)(jian)金融(rong)(rong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)力。在(zai)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)，由于民(min)間(jian)(jian)金融(rong)(rong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)資金流轉方面(mian)具有(you)(you)(you)貸款手續簡(jian)單、貸款期限相對寬松(song)、貸款方式(shi)相對靈活等(deng)優(you)點，廣(guang)受(shou)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)人們的(de)(de)青睞(lai)。但是民(min)間(jian)(jian)金融(rong)(rong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)運行中，由于受(shou)到合法(fa)身份(fen)、監督機構(gou)缺位等(deng)問題，始終(zhong)無(wu)法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)擴大規模，導致(zhi)其業務(wu)范圍具有(you)(you)(you)局限性(xing)，并伴隨(sui)著很大的(de)(de)經營(ying)風險。最終(zhong)由于民(min)間(jian)(jian)金融(rong)(rong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平較低，其自(zi)身職能(neng)無(wu)法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)發(fa)揮，使之(zhi)還是無(wu)法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)支撐農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)金融(rong)(rong)體制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)進一(yi)步發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

4.農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)承保(bao)(bao)效果(guo)不(bu)明顯。目(mu)前，在大(da)部分農(nong)(nong)村，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平仍相(xiang)對(dui)滯后。由于我國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)規模(mo)比較(jiao)小，數量相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)少(shao)。加之(zhi)其發(fa)展(zhan)結構失(shi)衡、大(da)多農(nong)(nong)民由于保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)意(yi)識薄(bo)弱，在農(nong)(nong)民購(gou)買力較(jiao)低的(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)賠(pei)付(fu)率一直(zhi)居高不(bu)下(xia)。此種(zhong)狀況的(de)長期發(fa)展(zhan)，導(dao)致大(da)多數商業(ye)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)開辦農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)意(yi)愿(yuan)不(bu)強，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)相(xiang)關業(ye)務，只(zhi)能由政策性(xing)銀行來經營。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)市場無法(fa)真正(zheng)發(fa)揮作用(yong),農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)承保(bao)(bao)效果(guo)不(bu)明顯，難以滿足國家(jia)對(dui)于新農(nong)(nong)村經濟的(de)規劃(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)。

5.農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革落后。很長(chang)一段時間(jian)內，我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)體制(zhi)(zhi)呈現出農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)銀(yin)行(xing)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)社(she)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業銀(yin)行(xing)以及高(gao)(gao)借貸(dai)組(zu)織等組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)主導模式。政府對(dui)于民(min)間(jian)高(gao)(gao)借貸(dai)組(zu)織的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，一直(zhi)是用(yong)(yong)政策進行(xing)限制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)同時，扶(fu)持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)銀(yin)行(xing)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)社(she)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業銀(yin)行(xing)三個民(min)間(jian)金(jin)融(rong)機構以低利率水平為(wei)廣大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)服(fu)務(wu)。一方面，由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)銀(yin)行(xing)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)(yong)社(she)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業銀(yin)行(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)利率較低，資金(jin)使用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本相對(dui)較低，在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)資金(jin)缺乏、供(gong)不應(ying)求的(de)地區，金(jin)融(rong)部門為(wei)了順利履行(xing)機構職能，在政府政策控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)下進行(xing)金(jin)融(rong)服(fu)務(wu)。這種服(fu)務(wu)模式，在一定程度上阻礙了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，導致(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融(rong)體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革長(chang)期得不到有效發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

二、促(cu)進我(wo)國農村金(jin)融體系發展的有效策略

1.進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務功(gong)能(neng)。在(zai)開(kai)展(zhan)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)體制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，綜合新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)建設(she)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)狀況(kuang)，整合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)資(zi)源，使之可以進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務功(gong)能(neng)，才能(neng)為發(fa)展(zhan)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)體制(zhi)改(gai)革事業(ye)，奠定(ding)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質基礎(chu)(chu)。在(zai)實際(ji)(ji)工作中(zhong)，進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務功(gong)能(neng)，需要(yao)在(zai)結合新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)(ji)問(wen)題，調整金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)在(zai)部(bu)分(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)狀況(kuang)。在(zai)一定(ding)程度上(shang)，盡量改(gai)善部(bu)分(fen)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)基礎(chu)(chu)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)聚(ju)集，而在(zai)部(bu)分(fen)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)基礎(chu)(chu)較(jiao)差地(di)區，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)較(jiao)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不平衡式金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)服(fu)務機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)情(qing)況(kuang)。積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮政府政策(ce)職能(neng)，合理(li)確定(ding)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)網點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)安(an)排，優化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)網點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)結構(gou)。同時，要(yao)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)深(shen)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)銀行(xing)業(ye)務支持新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主導(dao)職能(neng)。在(zai)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)工作之前，可以采取問(wen)卷調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式，透徹(che)了解農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)運行(xing)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)問(wen)題，積極(ji)反饋給(gei)當地(di)政府部(bu)分(fen)，努力解決農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)區融(rong)(rong)資(zi)難、融(rong)(rong)資(zi)成本高(gao)等問(wen)題，切(qie)實從(cong)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設(she)下(xia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)體制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度出發(fa)，促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)。

2.結(jie)合(he)農村經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)特點，建(jian)立科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)信貸(dai)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。為了更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)促進(jin)新農村建(jian)設下農村金(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革進(jin)程的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，結(jie)合(he)農村經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)特點，建(jian)立科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)信貸(dai)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)勢(shi)在(zai)必行。綜合(he)近幾年的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)實踐工(gong)作，建(jian)立科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)信貸(dai)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)，需要(yao)(yao)綜合(he)考(kao)(kao)慮農村地區經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)水平以及(ji)進(jin)行金(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)力(li)因素，嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)部(bu)分落后地區金(jin)融(rong)資金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)不必要(yao)(yao)流出。同時(shi)，應及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立相對科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)信貸(dai)人員考(kao)(kao)核(he)辦法(fa)(fa)，進(jin)一步(bu)規范(fan)民間信貸(dai)工(gong)作中仍(reng)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)一些問題。在(zai)執行信貸(dai)人員考(kao)(kao)核(he)辦法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作中，也應適當簡化信貸(dai)審批(pi)程序、相關的(de)(de)(de)手續。

3.建(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。目前，建(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，是促(cu)(cu)進(jin)新農(nong)村建(jian)(jian)設下農(nong)村金(jin)融體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)關鍵策略之一。在(zai)鼓(gu)勵農(nong)民進(jin)行農(nong)業生產的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，建(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，對于(yu)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)中由(you)于(yu)非(fei)人(ren)為因素導致的(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)審核確定(ding)(ding)真實(shi)情況(kuang)后，國(guo)家(jia)給(gei)予一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)。建(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)與核銷農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)風險貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)制(zhi)(zhi)度后，國(guo)家(jia)可以通過(guo)擴大(da)利差收益率的(de)(de)辦法，積極的(de)(de)調(diao)動金(jin)融部門從事農(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)積極性，促(cu)(cu)進(jin)農(nong)村金(jin)融體制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)深(shen)化發展。

4.加大(da)扶(fu)植和支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)力度。加大(da)扶(fu)植和支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，也(ye)是促(cu)進(jin)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設下農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重要策(ce)(ce)略。新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設下農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，離(li)不(bu)開政(zheng)府的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)扶(fu)植。國家通過(guo)一定的(de)稅(shui)收優惠政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)支(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)以及發(fa)(fa)(fa)放部分財(cai)政(zheng)補貼(tie)，可以全面促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)可持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。使新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建設下農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)，可以在充(chong)足的(de)運行資金(jin)(jin)(jin)狀態下，促(cu)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)事(shi)業(ye)平(ping)穩、有序(xu)的(de)進(jin)行下去(qu)。

5.完(wan)(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產的發(fa)展(zhan)。完(wan)(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產的發(fa)展(zhan)，作為新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設下農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改革(ge)事業(ye)進行的基礎性措(cuo)施，是實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)納入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)規劃的切入(ru)點之一(yi)。政府完(wan)(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，估計農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民積極(ji)的參保(bao)，提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的參保(bao)意(yi)識，并根據農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)的有效需求，增加(jia)保(bao)險(xian)的險(xian)種，對于確(que)保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產規模(mo)的擴(kuo)大，具有積極(ji)的意(yi)義。完(wan)(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，在一(yi)定程度上(shang)會(hui)帶動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟的蓬勃發(fa)展(zhan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融環境的改善，也會(hui)拉動更多(duo)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民從事農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產，進而(er)促進新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設下農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)金(jin)融體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改革(ge)順利(li)開展(zhan)。

三、結語