內部控制案例范文

時間:2023-03-31 03:00:10

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內部控制案例

篇1

【關鍵詞】中小企業 內部控制 風險管理 內部控制體系(xi)

一、研究背(bei)景(jing)及意義(yi)

我國中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)存在(zai)著經營規模小和技術含量比較低的(de)一(yi)系列短板,直接導(dao)致了企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)管理制(zhi)(zhi)度不規范、不透明,內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度不全(quan)面且(qie)執行力度弱。我國的(de)內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)規范體系己(ji)經基(ji)本建立,但是該套體系主要(yao)適用于大中(zhong)型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)或(huo)上市公司。研究中(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)現狀及問題,并尋(xun)求影響內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)有效性的(de)因素,對(dui)癥下藥完善內(nei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)度,具(ju)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)必要(yao)性。

Y公(gong)司(si)(si)是一(yi)家民營中(zhong)小(xiao)企業,成立于2004年,處于穩定上升的發展階段。本(ben)文從Y公(gong)司(si)(si)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)的現狀入手(shou),分(fen)析了該公(gong)司(si)(si)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)的優劣勢并提出相關建議。

二、文獻綜述

2009年,COSO在《內部控(kong)制系統(tong)監(jian)控(kong)指南(nan)》(Guidance on Monitoring InternalControl Systems)中,構(gou)建(jian)了(le)一個有(you)效的監(jian)控(kong)模型,為(wei)保障企業決策信(xin)息的可靠性和內部控(kong)制的有(you)效性提供更具操作性的手段。

2013年5月14日(ri),COSO更新(xin)了《內(nei)部控制――整體框架》(Internal Control-Integrated Framework)。一起的(de)還有《評估內(nei)部控制系(xi)統和對外財務報告內(nei)部控制有效性(xing)的(de)說明性(xing)工具(ju)――方(fang)法和范例匯編》,以幫助使用者(zhe)評估其內(nei)部控制系(xi)統是否符(fu)合新(xin)版框架的(de)要求。

2006年(nian)7月,企業(ye)(ye)內部控制標準委員(yuan)會成立,此后一直致力于企業(ye)(ye)內部控制基本規(gui)范的編寫,直到(dao)2008年(nian)6月,《企業(ye)(ye)內部控制基本規(gui)范》得(de)以。

2010年4月6日,《企(qi)業(ye)內部控制配套指引》問世(shi),至此我國企(qi)業(ye)內部控制規范體系得以基本(ben)建立。

綜上所述(shu),大(da)批國內外的(de)專家學者對(dui)企業內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行了(le)大(da)量的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),政(zheng)府也出臺了(le)很(hen)多政(zheng)策。這(zhe)些理論研(yan)(yan)宄(gui)和政(zheng)策幾乎都(dou)借(jie)鑒了(le) COSO的(de)《內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)――整(zheng)體框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)架》,以(yi)“三個(ge)(ge)(ge)目標”和“五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)要(yao)素”為框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)架。雖然自1992年以(yi)來(lai),COSO對(dui)《內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)――整(zheng)體框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)架》做過(guo)多次(ci)修訂,但從(cong)來(lai)不曾(ceng)改變(bian)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)內核,五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)要(yao)素貫穿于整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系之中。本文(wen)正是(shi)以(yi)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)要(yao)素為基本框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)架,對(dui)Y公司(si)的(de)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行分析研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),并試圖(tu)針對(dui)該公司(si)存在的(de)內控問題(ti)提(ti)出合理建議(yi)。

三、案例分析

(一)Y公司簡介

Y公司是位于(yu)(yu)重慶(qing)市偏(pian)北的一家小型工業(ye)企業(ye),于(yu)(yu)2004年注冊成(cheng)立,注冊資本為4712萬元(yuan),公司性質為有(you)限責(ze)任公司,主(zhu)要經營(ying)光電材料等光學光電產品的研(yan)發、生(sheng)產、銷售(shou)。到2013年12月31日為止(zhi),公司的總資產達到5170萬元(yuan),營(ying)業(ye)收入約(yue)為4910萬元(yuan),營(ying)業(ye)利(li)潤約(yue)為1718萬元(yuan),企業(ye)現有(you)職工約(yue)為79人。

(二)Y戰略定位

Y公司(si)清晰了戰略定(ding)(ding)位。經(jing)過市(shi)(shi)場調研(yan),公司(si)將產(chan)(chan)品(pin)定(ding)(ding)位為(wei)銷量較好的電子產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(如(ru)相機、攝影(ying)器材),將銷售(shou)對象定(ding)(ding)位為(wei)國內外知名(ming)生產(chan)(chan)商,對市(shi)(shi)場占有率較高(gao)。但是生產(chan)(chan)互補(bu)(bu)戰略是一(yi)把雙(shuang)刃劍,它同時(shi)(shi)也給Y公司(si)帶來(lai)了一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的風險,當出現金融(rong)危機或全球經(jing)濟下滑的時(shi)(shi)候(如(ru)2008年金融(rong)危機),終端產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場就會因此受牽連(lian),因此生存(cun)互補(bu)(bu)戰略下的“一(yi)榮俱(ju)榮,一(yi)損(sun)俱(ju)損(sun)”效(xiao)應(ying)依(yi)然(ran)不容(rong)小覷。

(三)風險點(dian)與控制點(dian)分析

Y公司屬于(yu)技術密集型企業(ye),主導(dao)客(ke)戶為國外(wai)、境外(wai)企業(ye),系(xi)統性風險較大 ,因此,Y公司采取了相(xiang)應的措施予以應對,具體表現為

1.產量的制定依(yi)據為市場(chang)

2.開拓市場,分散(san)系(xi)統性風險

(四) 公司內部控制管理也還存在一些不足,具體(ti)包(bao)括:

第(di)一,財(cai)務(wu)管理(li)水平較低(di)。根據定(ding)性財(cai)務(wu)風險(xian)指標評價體系表分析(xi),Y公司(si)在專門(men)財(cai)務(wu)機(ji)構(gou)的設置、內部審計制度方面不夠完善。

第二,資金管(guan)理存在(zai)巨(ju)大(da)風(feng)險(xian),應(ying)收(shou)賬(zhang)(zhang)款的(de)監管(guan)還(huan)不完善。Y公(gong)司(si)沒有對應(ying)收(shou)賬(zhang)(zhang)款實(shi)施(shi)壞賬(zhang)(zhang)準備(bei)(bei)計(ji)提管(guan)理。Y公(gong)司(si)認(ren)為(wei)其(qi)應(ying)收(shou)贓款一(yi)般能于40天內(nei)收(shou)回,故沒有計(ji)提壞賬(zhang)(zhang)準備(bei)(bei)的(de)計(ji)劃(hua),因此筆者認(ren)為(wei)該公(gong)司(si)存在(zai)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)內(nei)部控制隱患。因此,筆者的(de)建議是:企業應(ying)取壞賬(zhang)(zhang)管(guan)理措(cuo)施(shi),認(ren)真執行應(ying)收(shou)賬(zhang)(zhang)款賬(zhang)(zhang)齡分析(xi),對延期的(de)款項(xiang)計(ji)提壞賬(zhang)(zhang)準備(bei)(bei)。

第四(si),在(zai)經(jing)營風(feng)險管理(li)方面,治理(li)結構(gou)和機(ji)構(gou)設置(zhi)存(cun)在(zai)不合理(li)之(zhi)處。雖然實(shi)施(shi)了內部控制管理(li),但Y公司的(de)“一人(ren)(ren)主導模式”仍然比較明(ming)(ming)顯,從(cong)而導致(zhi)了所有(you)權和經(jing)營權的(de)高度集(ji)中,治理(li)結構(gou)不完善,因此筆者建議(yi):通過引進職(zhi)業經(jing)理(li)人(ren)(ren),有(you)效激活企業的(de)管理(li)模式,充分發揮中層(ceng)管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)主動性,在(zai)職(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)構(gou)設置(zhi)上,分散供銷菅業部和人(ren)(ren)事財務部的(de)權責(ze),明(ming)(ming)確(que)分工(gong),嚴格遵循不相容職(zhi)務分離(li)的(de)原(yuan)則,從(cong)而有(you)效地改(gai)善內部控制。

四 總結

企業需通(tong)過對自身(shen)發展(zhan)情況和生(sheng)產經(jing)營面臨的具體(ti)風(feng)險(xian)的識(shi)別和分析,建立對風(feng)險(xian)點有(you)針對性管理(li)作用的內(nei)部控制(zhi)制(zhi)度。中小企業在(zai)構建基(ji)于風(feng)險(xian)管理(li)的內(nei)部控制(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)的過程中應該(gai)注(zhu)意(yi)如下(xia)幾個(ge)方面:

(1)內(nei)部控制的構建應與企業實踐緊密(mi)結合

(2)管理者(zhe)應對企業內(nei)部控制保持足(zu)夠(gou)的重視

(3)企業(ye)應(ying)重視內部(bu)控制制度有(you)效(xiao)性的驗(yan)證(zheng)

當前(qian),國內外(wai)對中小企業內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與風險(xian)管理的(de)結合研究還很不(bu)足(zu),因此對以風險(xian)管理為核心(xin)的(de)中小企業內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)體系的(de)研究是學者和(he)企業實(shi)踐者們未來需要(yao)長期努力的(de)方向。

參考文獻:

[1]COSO.Internal Control-Integrated Framework Guidance on Monitoring Internal Control Systems [R],2009.

[2] COSO. Internal Control-Integrated Framework [R],2013.

篇2

(一)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環境建(jian)設有(you)(you)(you)薄弱點1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)認識不(bu)足。在(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)期該縣(xian)支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)領導(dao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環境建(jian)設重(zhong)視不(bu)夠(gou),導(dao)致全行(xing)(xing)(xing)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎知識欠缺(que),從內(nei)部(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)調(diao)查問卷結果(guo)(guo)顯示:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎知識的(de)(de)(de)掌(zhang)握不(bu)夠(gou)。內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎理(li)論題,支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)領導(dao)答(da)案(an)(an)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)60%,中層干部(bu)(bu)答(da)案(an)(an)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)38%,一般干部(bu)(bu)答(da)案(an)(an)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)32%。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)能全面正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)識別風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和進行(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評價及應對(dui)(dui)(dui),反(fan)映(ying)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)應對(dui)(dui)(dui)策略支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)領導(dao)答(da)案(an)(an)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)33%,中層干部(bu)(bu)答(da)案(an)(an)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0%。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)33%的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)現有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)激勵(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo)不(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯。2.業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度欠完善。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)建(jian)立(li)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)違規行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)追究制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度及處罰辦法(fa)和房屋出租管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)個別內(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度存在(zai)(zai)缺(que)陷(xian),部(bu)(bu)分(fen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)項欠缺(que)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度約(yue)束。例如:《重(zhong)大事(shi)(shi)(shi)項決(jue)策制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度》雖明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)了支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)黨組及成員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)作職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)、支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)重(zhong)大事(shi)(shi)(shi)項集體(ti)決(jue)策主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容、工(gong)(gong)作要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)及方法(fa),但(dan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)反(fan)映(ying)集體(ti)決(jue)策過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)原始(shi)記錄未(wei)作要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu);《行(xing)(xing)(xing)務(wu)公(gong)(gong)開(kai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度》雖然明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)規定了行(xing)(xing)(xing)務(wu)公(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)機構(gou)、公(gong)(gong)開(kai)范圍及事(shi)(shi)(shi)項、公(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)形式、公(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等(deng)內(nei)容,但(dan)未(wei)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)行(xing)(xing)(xing)務(wu)公(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)序,同時對(dui)(dui)(dui)每半年(nian)公(gong)(gong)開(kai)一次的(de)(de)(de)財務(wu)費(fei)用和每月公(gong)(gong)開(kai)一次的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動考勤情(qing)況未(wei)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)公(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)方式。3.業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)未(wei)健全。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)建(jian)立(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政許可(ke)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)政處罰業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)政復議業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)、法(fa)律事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)審(shen)(shen)核流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)圖(tu)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作操(cao)作流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)修訂不(bu)及時,造成人事(shi)(shi)(shi)秘(mi)書(shu)股(gu)現行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)47項業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)作操(cao)作流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)未(wei)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)點管(guan)理(li),已達不(bu)到(dao)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。4.人員(yuan)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)配備與管(guan)理(li)有(you)(you)(you)缺(que)陷(xian)。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)領導(dao)和職(zhi)(zhi)能部(bu)(bu)門(men)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)任(ren),在(zai)(zai)其(qi)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)中未(wei)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)期人事(shi)(shi)(shi)秘(mi)書(shu)股(gu)設立(li)了25個崗(gang),但(dan)有(you)(you)(you)《信(xin)息員(yuan)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)》、《工(gong)(gong)會聯(lian)絡員(yuan)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)》、《科技人員(yuan)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)》、《后勤崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)》、《綜(zong)合安保崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)》、《計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)生育(yu)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze)》六(liu)項工(gong)(gong)作崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)(ze),其(qi)任(ren)務(wu)雖已落實到(dao)人,但(dan)在(zai)(zai)《人事(shi)(shi)(shi)秘(mi)書(shu)股(gu)崗(gang)位(wei)(wei)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)表》上無記載(zai)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)期內(nei),除對(dui)(dui)(dui)一名國庫業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)人員(yuan)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)了強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休假外,其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)包括(kuo)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)和會計(ji)(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)門(men)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人、會計(ji)(ji)(ji)記賬員(yuan)、復核員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)未(wei)實施強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休假。

(二)風險(xian)(xian)識(shi)別(bie)與評估不(bu)到位對(dui)(dui)常規(gui)業(ye)(ye)務和(he)管理(li)(li)(li)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)評估,缺乏行(xing)之有效的(de)(de)(de)方法體(ti)(ti)系。體(ti)(ti)現在該縣支行(xing)現行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度(du)和(he)操作規(gui)程(cheng),雖(sui)然明(ming)確了業(ye)(ye)務運行(xing)和(he)管理(li)(li)(li)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)特點、目(mu)標、要(yao)求、處理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)序,但從(cong)總體(ti)(ti)上來看:業(ye)(ye)務操作流程(cheng)未涵蓋(gai)制(zhi)度(du)規(gui)程(cheng)對(dui)(dui)各個環節(jie)(jie)、各崗位風險(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)要(yao)求,也沒有對(dui)(dui)或不(bu)完全(quan)對(dui)(dui)業(ye)(ye)務管理(li)(li)(li)關(guan)鍵(jian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)環節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)進行(xing)識(shi)別(bie)標注,特別(bie)是未對(dui)(dui)重要(yao)空白(bai)憑證、會計國(guo)庫對(dui)(dui)賬、庫房門禁管理(li)(li)(li)等高風險(xian)(xian)事項的(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)隱(yin)患進行(xing)識(shi)別(bie)和(he)應對(dui)(dui)。

(三(san))內部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)活動存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)缺失(shi)1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)管理(li)(li)確認(ren)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)落實。一是(shi)(shi)2013年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)國家金(jin)(jin)(jin)庫(ku)龍(long)(long)山(shan)縣(xian)支庫(ku)省(市(shi))級(ji)(ji)預算(suan)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)、中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)級(ji)(ji)預算(suan)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)、地市(shi)級(ji)(ji)預算(suan)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)、區縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)預算(suan)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)報表(biao)(biao)的對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)回單(dan)(dan)(dan)打(da)印日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)期為(wei)2013年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),而(er)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)部門(men)龍(long)(long)山(shan)縣(xian)地方(fang)稅(shui)務局(ju)簽署的對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)期為(wei)2013年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。二是(shi)(shi)2013年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)國家金(jin)(jin)(jin)庫(ku)龍(long)(long)山(shan)縣(xian)支庫(ku)省(市(shi))級(ji)(ji)預算(suan)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)報表(biao)(biao)的對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)回單(dan)(dan)(dan)上(shang),龍(long)(long)山(shan)縣(xian)地方(fang)稅(shui)務局(ju)漏簽署對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)結果及加(jia)蓋對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬(zhang)印鑒(jian)。2.未嚴格執行(xing)(xing)(xing)守庫(ku)值班(ban)(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)度。抽查(cha)2014年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)5時-6時和2014年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)3時-6時保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)(wei)部門(men)值班(ban)(ban)守庫(ku)電(dian)視監控(kong)錄(lu)像(xiang)資(zi)料(liao),保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)(wei)值班(ban)(ban)崗位上(shang)無人(ren);鑒(jian)于(yu)這種情況,審計組下延抽查(cha)了(le)2014年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)1:12分(fen)-1:20分(fen)保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)(wei)部門(men)值班(ban)(ban)守庫(ku)電(dian)視監控(kong)錄(lu)像(xiang)資(zi)料(liao),保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)(wei)值班(ban)(ban)人(ren)員在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)(wei)值班(ban)(ban)崗上(shang)打(da)瞌睡。3.財(cai)(cai)務管理(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)活動有(you)缺失(shi)。一是(shi)(shi)機(ji)關(guan)工(gong)會(hui)財(cai)(cai)務管理(li)(li)活動有(you)缺陷(xian)。該縣(xian)支行(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)關(guan)工(gong)會(hui)未在(zai)(zai)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)開立預算(suan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位專用存(cun)(cun)款賬(zhang)戶,所有(you)收(shou)(shou)支業務均使(shi)用現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)結算(suan)。二是(shi)(shi)庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)管理(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)缺失(shi)。在(zai)(zai)現(xian)場審計中(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian),機(ji)關(guan)財(cai)(cai)務室(shi)存(cun)(cun)有(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政經費(fei)業務備用庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)75245.21元;機(ji)關(guan)工(gong)會(hui)經費(fei)結余庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)為(wei)20699.30元,違反(fan)了(le)與中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和國《現(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)管理(li)(li)條例》的規定(ding)要(yao)求。且機(ji)關(guan)財(cai)(cai)務室(shi)未安(an)裝防盜門(men)窗,存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan),4.未嚴格執行(xing)(xing)(xing)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)常業務運行(xing)(xing)(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)(li)要(yao)求。2013年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)劉××、2014年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)向××查(cha)詢本人(ren)信用報告,無本人(ren)身份(fen)證(zheng)復印件,造成征信查(cha)詢資(zi)料(liao)不(bu)齊全(quan),手續欠完善。

(四)實(shi)物保(bao)護控(kong)(kong)制不(bu)到位1.對個人(ren)身份數字證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)(CA證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu))管(guan)(guan)理(li)控(kong)(kong)制不(bu)嚴格。現場(chang)審(shen)計發(fa)現,該(gai)縣支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)職(zhi)管(guan)(guan)庫(ku)(ku)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)王××在(zai)日(ri)常業務(wu)處理(li)中(zhong)(zhong),使用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)職(zhi)管(guan)(guan)庫(ku)(ku)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)張(zhang)××CA證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)操作業務(wu),原因是(shi):專(zhuan)職(zhi)管(guan)(guan)庫(ku)(ku)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)王××的(de)CA證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu),在(zai)2012年12月(yue)7日(ri)到期(qi)后上交(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)科辦理(li)更(geng)換(huan)(huan)手續,至(zhi)今未辦妥(tuo)更(geng)換(huan)(huan)手續,違反了《中(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)民銀行(xing)(xing)貨幣金銀管(guan)(guan)理(li)信息系統(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)規(gui)(gui)定》。2.××發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)門禁(jin)控(kong)(kong)制不(bu)合(he)規(gui)(gui)。一是(shi)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)主(zhu)門未按要求(qiu)變更(geng)密碼(ma)。2013年6月(yue)6日(ri),管(guan)(guan)庫(ku)(ku)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(王××、張(zhang)××)變更(geng)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)主(zhu)門(1號鎖(suo)、3號鎖(suo))密碼(ma),但上次變更(geng)時間為2012年11月(yue)6日(ri),與《中(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)民銀行(xing)(xing)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)門組合(he)鎖(suo)使用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)(暫(zan)行(xing)(xing))》第(di)十條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定要求(qiu)不(bu)符。二是(shi)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)備用(yong)(yong)門密碼(ma)不(bu)能(neng)變更(geng)。現場(chang)查(cha)庫(ku)(ku)發(fa)現發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)備用(yong)(yong)門已(yi)貼封條(tiao)(tiao)。查(cha)閱《組合(he)鎖(suo)使用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)登記簿(bu)》,2011年6月(yue)3日(ri)至(zhi)檢查(cha)日(ri)止,發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)備用(yong)(yong)門密碼(ma)沒有變更(geng)記錄。經詢問該(gai)縣支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)庫(ku)(ku)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關于(yu)備用(yong)(yong)門管(guan)(guan)理(li)情(qing)況為:備用(yong)(yong)門可以啟動(dong)使用(yong)(yong),但瑣具由于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)年限太長,廠家已(yi)不(bu)能(neng)維修,密碼(ma)已(yi)不(bu)能(neng)變更(geng),與《中(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)民銀行(xing)(xing)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)門組合(he)鎖(suo)使用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)(暫(zan)行(xing)(xing))》第(di)十六條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定要求(qiu)不(bu)符。

二、案例分析

以上問題產生有(you)客觀因(yin)素和主觀的原因(yin)。

(一)從客觀(guan)上看1、縣(xian)支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)人員緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang)矛盾突(tu)出。該縣(xian)支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)設有(you)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku),現(xian)有(you)正(zheng)式員工21人,不能(neng)滿足落實制(zhi)度(按(an)照現(xian)行(xing)(xing)內部(bu)控制(zhi)要求(qiu)初步匡算,縣(xian)支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)僅會計、國庫(ku)、發(fa)行(xing)(xing)、保(bao)衛四個部(bu)門最少需要20人。)的最低需求(qiu)。人員配備存在人少崗多、跨專業兼崗的情況(kuang),且人員老(lao)齡(ling)化趨(qu)勢明顯(xian),四十歲以(yi)上中(zhong)、老(lao)年同志占82%。可能(neng)會因(yin)為人員緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang),造成強(qiang)制(zhi)休假(jia)、守庫(ku)值班制(zhi)度難(nan)以(yi)執行(xing)(xing)到位的現(xian)象。2、安(an)全設施的物(wu)防(fang)、技防(fang)未(wei)跟上。部(bu)分設備老(lao)化,因(yin)資金緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang),沒(mei)有(you)及時更(geng)新。

(二(er))從主觀上(shang)看1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)認識不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)。由于對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論和(he)方(fang)法學(xue)習不(bu)(bu)夠(gou),部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)員工對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)互獨(du)立、相(xiang)(xiang)互聯系又相(xiang)(xiang)互制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)素(控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)、內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活動、內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息及其(qi)溝(gou)通、對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督)缺乏(fa)了解,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)把(ba)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)看著是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)貫穿(chuan)于決(jue)策、執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)監督過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)相(xiang)(xiang)扣(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、平衡制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)確地識別(bie)人(ren)民銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)支(zhi)機(ji)構面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。而把(ba)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)簡單(dan)(dan)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)解為(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定與(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),甚至極個(ge)(ge)別(bie)人(ren)把(ba)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)當(dang)成應付檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“檔箭牌”和(he)掛在(zai)墻上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“擺設”,內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念陳舊。2.風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)文化缺失(shi)。該縣支(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)領導(dao)(dao)(dao)雖然注(zhu)重制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)建設和(he)基(ji)礎(chu)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),但滿足于工作任(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)完成和(he)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)大(da)(da)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)平時(shi)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)中(zhong)發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),放松了必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)警(jing)覺(jue);部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門少數(shu)(shu)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)員則認為(wei)(wei)做基(ji)礎(chu)工作難(nan)免會(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)差(cha)錯(cuo),放松對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)差(cha)錯(cuo)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警(jing)惕。表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責任(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)落實(shi),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)意識淡薄,用(yong)人(ren)情、信任(ren)(ren)代替制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);操作主觀隨意,存在(zai)僥(jiao)幸心理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)麻(ma)痹思想,導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“走(zou)捷徑”、“打折扣(kou)”,憑經驗(yan)或(huo)想象處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)。這次審計發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未嚴(yan)(yan)格執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)庫(ku)(ku)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)賬和(he)守庫(ku)(ku)值(zhi)班制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)身份數(shu)(shu)字(zi)證書(CA證書)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)格,財務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活動有(you)(you)(you)(you)缺失(shi),發(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)門禁(jin)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)合規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)被(bei)簡單(dan)(dan)化、遞減(jian)式、抵觸(chu)性(xing)(xing)、表(biao)(biao)面化、選擇性(xing)(xing)、被(bei)動式或(huo)應付式執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所造(zao)成,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)離案件(jian)與(yu)重大(da)(da)責任(ren)(ren)事(shi)故(gu)可(ke)謂只(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步之(zhi)遙(yao),內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軟約(yue)束(shu)。3.內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建設滯后。現(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)操作規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未及時(shi)跟進業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沿(yan)用(yong)以前或(huo)照(zhao)搬照(zhao)抄上(shang)級行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)借鑒其(qi)他單(dan)(dan)位(wei)現(xian)(xian)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章改頭(tou)換面來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)操作規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)綜合考慮在(zai)本行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)條件(jian)下是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否切實(shi)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)忽視規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)及其(qi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)危害(hai)評估(gu)工作,導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)操作規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計有(you)(you)(you)(you)先天缺陷。表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi):制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未覆(fu)蓋所有(you)(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)活動,導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)缺失(shi)。例如:激(ji)勵機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足,約(yue)束(shu)處(chu)(chu)罰機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短缺;行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政事(shi)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)操作流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未實(shi)現(xian)(xian)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)點,未進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)識別(bie)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)應對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施不(bu)(bu)明確,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)保(bao)障作用(yong)被(bei)打折扣(kou)。表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)二(er):部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)未涵蓋業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)方(fang)方(fang)面面,原則性(xing)(xing)條款(kuan)多,控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)欠強;出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)事(shi)項欠缺約(yue)束(shu)。表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)三:對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)缺乏(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法體系,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)高風(feng)險(xian)(xian)事(shi)項未得(de)到及時(shi)識別(bie)和(he)應對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。4.內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)監督不(bu)(bu)到位(wei)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)確處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)監督與(yu)爭先創(chuang)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。怕“家丑外(wai)揚(yang)”,為(wei)(wei)了本單(dan)(dan)位(wei)或(huo)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名利,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“篩選”,檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)上(shang)報問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)么輕描淡寫,要(yao)(yao)么避(bi)重就輕。無(wu)形中(zhong)助長(chang)了違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)逾越內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)查(cha)處(chu)(chu)手軟。在(zai)“出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解決(jue)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)再出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)—再解決(jue)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)被(bei)動管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)責任(ren)(ren)追究也只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)口(kou)頭(tou)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空話(hua),導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)違(wei)(wei)章、屢(lv)查(cha)屢(lv)犯。

三、案例啟示和(he)建(jian)議

(一(yi))進一(yi)步優化內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環境(jing)建設。龍山縣(xian)支行(xing)領(ling)導應進一(yi)步提(ti)高對內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重要(yao)(yao)性的(de)(de)(de)認識,將加(jia)強內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環境(jing)建設作(zuo)為(wei)健全內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)任務。一(yi)是支行(xing)領(ling)導和(he)部(bu)門負責人要(yao)(yao)切實履行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理職(zhi)(zhi)責。二是深(shen)入(ru)開展央行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)文化建設。利用各種形式進行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)教育、思想政(zheng)治教育、職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)道德(de)教育以及法(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教育,不斷(duan)深(shen)化和(he)豐富央行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)文化建設內(nei)(nei)(nei)涵。引導員(yuan)工(gong)樹立“遵守內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)為(wei)榮(rong),違(wei)反內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)為(wei)恥”的(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)辱觀(guan)(guan)(guan),增強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念、法(fa)紀觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念;切實提(ti)高員(yuan)工(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)道德(de)素質,用“規范、進取、創新(xin)”的(de)(de)(de)文化理念的(de)(de)(de)引領(ling)員(yuan)工(gong)增強團隊精(jing)神,激發(fa)員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)熱情和(he)責任心(xin),為(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)管(guan)理提(ti)供(gong)了強有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神支撐。三是加(jia)強教育培訓(xun)強化干部(bu)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)務培訓(xun),使每個崗位人員(yuan)了解內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),熟(shu)知業(ye)(ye)務操作(zuo),掌(zhang)握崗位要(yao)(yao)求,實現業(ye)(ye)務素質和(he)責任意識的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)提(ti)高。

(二)加(jia)快(kuai)建立(li)長效內(nei)(nei)(nei)部控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。認真貫徹(che)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)《中國人(ren)民銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)分支機(ji)(ji)構內(nei)(nei)(nei)部控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指引》精神(shen)。一是進(jin)一步(bu)完善(shan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)操作規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。對(dui)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)面、徹(che)底(di)的(de)梳理(li),針(zhen)對(dui)目前內(nei)(nei)(nei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度操作規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)面存在的(de)問題和(he)缺(que)陷,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)查漏補缺(que),建立(li)業(ye)務(wu)違(wei)規(gui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)責(ze)(ze)任追究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度及(ji)處(chu)罰辦法(fa)(fa)、房屋出租管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、行(xing)(xing)(xing)政許可(ke)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)政處(chu)罰業(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)政復(fu)議業(ye)務(wu)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)、法(fa)(fa)律事務(wu)審核(he)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu),完善(shan)層次分明(ming)、風(feng)險明(ming)示、措施(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)的(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)業(ye)務(wu)操作流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);建立(li)權責(ze)(ze)清晰的(de)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)每(mei)個人(ren)各司其職(zhi),各負其責(ze)(ze),獎懲公平(ping)。消除內(nei)(nei)(nei)部控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)盲點和(he)漏洞(dong),實現風(feng)險控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)方(fang)位、全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、全(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)參與,構筑內(nei)(nei)(nei)部風(feng)險防范的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)屏障。二是注重(zhong)建立(li)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控人(ren)力(li)資源(yuan)保(bao)障機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通(tong)過(guo)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)考核(he)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、激勵(li)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)培訓機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、違(wei)規(gui)責(ze)(ze)任追究(jiu)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等人(ren)力(li)資源(yuan)管理(li)手段,從(cong)而促進(jin)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素質不斷提高,確保(bao)每(mei)位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)、特(te)別(bie)是重(zhong)要(yao)崗位員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)勝(sheng)任本(ben)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作,形成長效機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),促進(jin)持(chi)續(xu)發展。三(san)是盡快(kuai)建立(li)對(dui)常規(gui)業(ye)務(wu)和(he)管理(li)活動的(de)風(feng)險評估的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)體系。

(三)強化(hua)內控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度執行(xing)(xing)力。行(xing)(xing)領導(dao)、部門(men)負責人(ren)以及部門(men)業務(wu)(wu)人(ren)員要認真履(lv)行(xing)(xing)內控(kong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)職(zhi)責,加強業務(wu)(wu)運行(xing)(xing)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo)的(de)過程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)落實會計國庫(ku)(ku)對賬(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。強化(hua)對賬(zhang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)確認控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),堅決堵住資金安(an)(an)全風險。二是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)守庫(ku)(ku)值(zhi)班制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,消(xiao)除庫(ku)(ku)房庫(ku)(ku)款安(an)(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)。三是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)對個人(ren)身份數字證書(CA證書)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),強化(hua)業務(wu)(wu)授(shou)權(quan)、工作(zuo)分責控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明晰工作(zuo)責任。四是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)門(men)禁管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)備用(yong)門(men)密碼不能變更的(de)問題,建議支行(xing)(xing)積極(ji)向上(shang)級行(xing)(xing)匯報(bao),爭取(qu)得到盡(jin)快(kuai)解決,消(xiao)除發(fa)行(xing)(xing)庫(ku)(ku)門(men)禁管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)可(ke)能產生的(de)安(an)(an)全風險。五是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)會計崗位人(ren)員強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休(xiu)假(jia)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)征(zheng)信查詢管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)執行(xing)(xing)。六是(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)財務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度執行(xing)(xing)。盡(jin)快(kuai)在銀行(xing)(xing)開立(li)支行(xing)(xing)機關工會經費專(zhuan)用(yong)存款賬(zhang)戶;嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)加強財務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)庫(ku)(ku)存現金限額管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);盡(jin)快(kuai)安(an)(an)裝機關財務(wu)(wu)室的(de)防盜門(men)窗,消(xiao)除安(an)(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)。

篇3

2003年(nian)初,中國航(hang)天(tian)科工集團柳州長虹機器制造(zao)公司審(shen)計處(chu)在(zai)進(jin)行公司2002年(nian)報審(shen)計中發現(xian)(xian)這(zhe)樣一個(ge)反(fan)常現(xian)(xian)象:公司2001年(nian)、2002年(nian)的(de)民(min)品銷(xiao)售(shou)收入分(fen)別為4563萬元(yuan)、5323萬元(yuan),呈上升趨勢(shi)(shi);財(cai)(cai)務(wu)反(fan)映的(de)廢舊(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)數量分(fen)別是(shi)863噸、510噸,廢舊(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)收入分(fen)別是(shi)78萬元(yuan)、45萬元(yuan),呈下降(jiang)趨勢(shi)(shi)。正常情況(kuang)下,生(sheng)產過程中發生(sheng)的(de)邊角料等廢舊(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)應該與生(sheng)產規模同比例(li)增長或下降(jiang),為什(shen)么財(cai)(cai)務(wu)數據反(fan)映的(de)卻是(shi)不(bu)合理的(de)趨勢(shi)(shi)呢?帶著疑問,審(shen)計處(chu)對公司物(wu)(wu)資(zi)處(chu)的(de)廢舊(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)的(de)回收、銷(xiao)售(shou)、收款等情況(kuang)進(jin)行了重點審(shen)計。查出異常情況(kuang)的(de)背后是(shi)一起舞(wu)弊案件。

經(jing)審計,發(fa)現物(wu)資(zi)處處長(chang)、綜(zong)合室(shi)主(zhu)任(ren)、倉(cang)庫主(zhu)任(ren)、廢舊回(hui)收站站長(chang)、計劃員等(deng)4人為了小團體的(de)利益,擅自(zi)決定(ding)出(chu)售(shou)、截留廢舊物(wu)資(zi)數量81.5噸,款額(e)91200元,截至審計時,已經(jing)將私自(zi)出(chu)售(shou)和(he)截留的(de)銷售(shou)收入私分50605.80元(涉及63人,每(mei)人500元至2000元不等(deng)),同時擅自(zi)決定(ding)降價銷售(shou)廢舊物(wu)資(zi),造成損(sun)失1.4萬元。其舞弊(bi)的(de)手法如下:

1、擅自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)售(shou)廢(fei)舊(jiu)物資并(bing)全部(bu)截留貨(huo)款(kuan)。主要是與租(zu)賃公司廠房(fang)的(de)湖南(nan)個(ge)(ge)體經營(ying)者(zhe)串(chuan)通,擅自(zi)(zi)(zi)將廢(fei)舊(jiu)物資銷售(shou)給沒(mei)(mei)有此項(xiang)業務來往、也沒(mei)(mei)有簽訂合同(tong)的(de)湖南(nan)個(ge)(ge)體經營(ying)者(zhe),并(bing)要求其將銷售(shou)貨(huo)款(kuan)不交財務而直接交物資處;私自(zi)(zi)(zi)銷售(shou)的(de)廢(fei)舊(jiu)物資出(chu)(chu)門時,借湖南(nan)個(ge)(ge)體經營(ying)者(zhe)的(de)名義,由湖南(nan)個(ge)(ge)體經營(ying)者(zhe)以(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己在鍛工房(fang)加工的(de)少許(xu)產品(pin)掩(yan)蓋,或以(yi)其加工的(de)產品(pin)或廢(fei)料(liao)需要出(chu)(chu)門為由,堂而皇(huang)之地(di)將盜賣(mai)的(de)廢(fei)舊(jiu)物資辦理出(chu)(chu)門手續(xu)。

2、私自截(jie)(jie)(jie)留出(chu)售廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)款(kuan)(kuan)。主(zhu)要是(shi)通過與簽有合同業務(wu)的(de)柳州(zhou)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)營者截(jie)(jie)(jie)留收入,物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)處處長要求柳州(zhou)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)營者在銷(xiao)售廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)過程中(zhong),一(yi)(yi)部分銷(xiao)售的(de)廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)款(kuan)(kuan)交財務(wu),另一(yi)(yi)部分銷(xiao)售的(de)廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)款(kuan)(kuan)截(jie)(jie)(jie)留下來,交到物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)處作小金庫(ku)(即通俗說(shuo)的(de)開陰陽收據)。私自截(jie)(jie)(jie)留出(chu)售廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)出(chu)門時,以部分銷(xiao)售的(de)廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)辦(ban)理出(chu)門手續,即以少量(liang)的(de)廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)申報并(bing)取得(de)出(chu)門單(dan),然后以超過出(chu)門單(dan)標(biao)明的(de)廢舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)實際數(shu)量(liang)的(de)舞弊(bi)手法出(chu)門。

3、收買門(men)衛(wei)(wei)。為了(le)能將違規銷售(shou)的廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)(wu)資順利辦理出門(men),物(wu)(wu)(wu)資處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)長指使綜合室主任,給以門(men)衛(wei)(wei)送錢物(wu)(wu)(wu)等好處(chu)(chu),致使門(men)衛(wei)(wei)在違規廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)(wu)資辦理出門(men)時放棄職守,大開(kai)方便之門(men)。

4、擅自(zi)決(jue)定(ding)降(jiang)價。物資處(chu)處(chu)長(chang)明知道廢舊(jiu)物資銷售(shou)及其銷價變動要經(jing)過有關部門審核并履行合同手續,但(dan)其卻擅自(zi)決(jue)定(ding)將廢舊(jiu)物資銷售(shou)價格降(jiang)價,造成損失(shi)1.4萬元。

由于(yu)舞弊性質惡劣(lie),這起案件的(de)(de)主(zhu)要責任人物資處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)長(chang)被給予黨內嚴重(zhong)警(jing)告處(chu)(chu)分和行政(zheng)免去(qu)物資處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)長(chang)職務的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理,其他(ta)人員(yuan)也受(shou)到相應的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理。

二、舞弊案件暴露內(nei)部管理存在的問題(ti)

這(zhe)起舞弊案(an)件涉及的(de)(de)金額并不(bu)算很(hen)大,但(dan)它暴露出(chu)來的(de)(de)內部管理問題卻是(shi)嚴重的(de)(de)。經審(shen)計,物資(zi)處廢舊物資(zi)的(de)(de)回收、分類、登記、過磅(bang)、合同、出(chu)售、收款、門衛檢(jian)查等業務(wu)流程環節均出(chu)現了(le)失控(kong)或(huo)有章(zhang)不(bu)循的(de)(de)情(qing)況:

1、超越內(nei)部(bu)組織(zhi)分工責任(ren)原則處(chu)(chu)置業務(wu)。根據(ju)公(gong)司內(nei)部(bu)職責權限(xian),廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)售業務(wu)需要計(ji)劃處(chu)(chu)(如(ru)(ru)簽合同(tong))、財務(wu)處(chu)(chu)(如(ru)(ru)價(jia)格變動審(shen)批(pi))等(deng)部(bu)門(men)(men)和主管領導的(de)(de)審(shen)批(pi),但是2002年下半年大部(bu)分廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)售違反了(le)組織(zhi)分工控制原則,不通過計(ji)劃處(chu)(chu)、財務(wu)處(chu)(chu)等(deng)業務(wu)部(bu)門(men)(men),擅(shan)自決(jue)定和處(chu)(chu)理。在物(wu)(wu)資(zi)處(chu)(chu)內(nei)部(bu)也出(chu)(chu)現了(le)這樣的(de)(de)越位行為(wei),本(ben)來公(gong)司為(wei)了(le)規范(fan)廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)售,在物(wu)(wu)資(zi)處(chu)(chu)內(nei)專門(men)(men)設立了(le)廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)回(hui)收站,負責廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)回(hui)收和銷售,但很多廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)業務(wu)沒有(you)經過廢(fei)舊物(wu)(wu)資(zi)回(hui)收站,由(you)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)長指(zhi)定沒有(you)此項業務(wu)權限(xian)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合室主任(ren)直接(jie)處(chu)(chu)理。

2、違反職務(wu)(wu)分(fen)離(li)(li)原(yuan)則(ze)授(shou)予或辦理(li)(li)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)。按照職務(wu)(wu)分(fen)離(li)(li)原(yuan)則(ze),某項經濟業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)的授(shou)權批準(zhun)職務(wu)(wu),應與執行(xing)該業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)的職務(wu)(wu)分(fen)離(li)(li),但(dan)在廢(fei)舊(jiu)物資(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)售業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)中,出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)了批準(zhun)人(物資(zi)(zi)處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)長)親(qin)自與客戶處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)降價、交款等(deng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)。又如物資(zi)(zi)計(ji)量有(you)過磅(bang)員專司其(qi)職,卻(que)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)綜合室主任參(can)與廢(fei)舊(jiu)物資(zi)(zi)過磅(bang)等(deng)現(xian)象。

3、不遵守業(ye)務流(liu)程控(kong)制。每一(yi)項經濟業(ye)務的完成都需要經過(guo)一(yi)定的業(ye)務流(liu)程環節。廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)銷(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)務的環節包括(kuo):業(ye)務批準物(wu)(wu)資(zi)過(guo)磅填(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(包括(kuo)磅碼單(dan)(dan)(dan)和結算單(dan)(dan)(dan))交(jiao)款(kuan)(kuan)辦(ban)(ban)出(chu)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)門(men)衛驗(yan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)放(fang)行(包括(kuo)復(fu)(fu)驗(yan)或抽檢)。但(dan)是(shi)案件中(zhong)廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)銷(xiao)售(shou)卻(que)違(wei)反(fan)了(le)業(ye)務流(liu)程,門(men)衛復(fu)(fu)檢先通知物(wu)(wu)資(zi)處人員后(hou)復(fu)(fu)檢,致使參與廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)銷(xiao)售(shou)舞弊的人知道(dao)復(fu)(fu)檢則按過(guo)磅如(ru)實填(tian)報(bao),不復(fu)(fu)檢則以少量的廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)申報(bao)并(bing)取得出(chu)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan),然后(hou)以超過(guo)出(chu)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)標明(ming)廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)實際(ji)數(shu)量出(chu)門(men)的現象。又(you)如(ru)廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)應先交(jiao)款(kuan)(kuan),才能辦(ban)(ban)理出(chu)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan),門(men)衛并(bing)據此驗(yan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)決定是(shi)否放(fang)行,但(dan)實際(ji)操(cao)作(zuo)中(zhong)出(chu)現了(le)沒有交(jiao)款(kuan)(kuan),也(ye)沒有辦(ban)(ban)出(chu)門(men)單(dan)(dan)(dan)也(ye)放(fang)行的現象。湖南個(ge)體經營者就是(shi)采用先做(zuo)生意(yi)后(hou)交(jiao)款(kuan)(kuan)的方式,將(jiang)廢(fei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)拉出(chu)門(men)賣了(le)之后(hou)隔幾天才將(jiang)款(kuan)(kuan)交(jiao)到物(wu)(wu)資(zi)處。

4、不遵守業(ye)務單(dan)(dan)(dan)據控制管理原(yuan)則(ze)。一是(shi)《磅碼單(dan)(dan)(dan)》和《產(chan)品(pin)、材料(liao)轉移結算單(dan)(dan)(dan)》隨意(yi)置放,無(wu)專人管理;二是(shi)《產(chan)品(pin)、材料(liao)轉移結算單(dan)(dan)(dan)》有兩種(zhong),其中一種(zhong)沒(mei)有編號,無(wu)法知道使用(yong)(yong)了多少,什么時間使用(yong)(yong),誰(shui)領用(yong)(yong)。由于(yu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)據管理不當(dang),審計核(he)查(cha)廢舊物資銷(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)務時,竟出現(xian)了有廢舊物資銷(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)務卻(que)沒(mei)有《磅碼單(dan)(dan)(dan)》和《產(chan)品(pin)、材料(liao)轉移結算單(dan)(dan)(dan)》相對應的(de)現(xian)象,無(wu)法核(he)對銷(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)務的(de)真實情(qing)況。

5、廢舊(jiu)物(wu)資(zi)業(ye)務(wu)管理(li)混(hun)亂。廢舊(jiu)物(wu)資(zi)的(de)(de)回收(shou)(shou)、登(deng)記(ji)、過磅、銷售(shou),沒(mei)有(you)做到點(dian)點(dian)相(xiang)連,環(huan)(huan)環(huan)(huan)扣緊,有(you)的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)單據,沒(mei)有(you)形(xing)成連續性、完整性、有(you)效(xiao)性。回收(shou)(shou)和出售(shou)的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)統(tong)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)實際(ji)出入較(jiao)大。由于物(wu)資(zi)處(chu)廢舊(jiu)物(wu)資(zi)銷售(shou)業(ye)務(wu)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)不完整,財(cai)務(wu)數(shu)據與(yu)(yu)物(wu)資(zi)處(chu)廢舊(jiu)物(wu)資(zi)銷售(shou)業(ye)務(wu)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)核對(dui),物(wu)資(zi)處(chu)的(de)(de)廢舊(jiu)物(wu)資(zi)回收(shou)(shou)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu),與(yu)(yu)各生產單位也無(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)核對(dui),因為各生產單位沒(mei)有(you)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)。

6、規章制度(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)起到(dao)(dao)作(zuo)用。公司專(zhuan)門制定了《廢舊物資(zi)回收(shou)利用管理辦法》,同時涉及的相關制度(du)(du)還有(you)(you)《出入生產區管理制度(du)(du)》、《現(xian)金有(you)(you)價證券管理辦法》、《資(zi)產管理總(zong)則》等,但在這起舞弊案件中,相應的制度(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)起到(dao)(dao)作(zuo)用。這么多的違規廢舊物資(zi)(有(you)(you)據可查(cha)的有(you)(you)81.5噸),從過磅(bang)、填單、合同、收(shou)款(kuan)、門衛檢查(cha)等要經過多個業務環節和多個部門,但這些(xie)違規的物資(zi)卻(que)都能順利出門。

篇4

【摘要】2011 年(nian)以來我國內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)出具(ju)的(de)(de)數量(liang)逐年(nian)遞增(zeng),與(yu)此同時,非標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)所(suo)占比例也有所(suo)上(shang)升(sheng)。本文選(xuan)取(qu)了2013 年(nian)度內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)以及財務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)均(jun)為(wei)非標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)的(de)(de)代表(biao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)華(hua)銳(rui)風(feng)電,以及內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)為(wei)非標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)但財務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)為(wei)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)無保留意(yi)(yi)見(jian)的(de)(de)代表(biao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)上(shang)海家化進(jin)行案例分析。對非標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)與(yu)財務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)之間的(de)(de)關系進(jin)行了研究。

【關鍵詞】審(shen)計意見(jian) 審(shen)計報告 內部控(kong)制審(shen)計 財務(wu)報表審(shen)計

一、引言

2007 年(nian)(nian),美國公(gong)眾公(gong)司(si)(si)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)監督委員會公(gong)開了(le)第(di)5 號審計(ji)(ji)(ji)準則(ze),《與財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)表(biao)(biao)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)整合的(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)表(biao)(biao)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)》,準則(ze)規(gui)定了(le)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)程序(xu)以(yi)及(ji)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)方法,準則(ze)還表(biao)(biao)示要盡量在(zai)導致財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)表(biao)(biao)發生重大(da)錯報(bao)之(zhi)前(qian)找出內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)重大(da)缺陷。2008 年(nian)(nian),財(cai)(cai)政部(bu)、審計(ji)(ji)(ji)署、證(zheng)(zheng)監會、銀(yin)監會等聯合了(le)《企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)基本(ben)規(gui)范(fan)》,該規(gui)范(fan)要求在(zai)深市(shi)和滬市(shi)上市(shi)的(de)(de)公(gong)司(si)(si)應對本(ben)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)效(xiao)性進行自(zi)我評價(jia),并(bing)且公(gong)開披露(lu)企(qi)業(ye)年(nian)(nian)度(du)的(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)我評價(jia)報(bao)告,在(zai)進行審計(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)務(wu)時,需(xu)聘請具有(you)專業(ye)資質的(de)(de)會計(ji)(ji)(ji)師事務(wu)所(suo)來進行企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)效(xiao)性的(de)(de)審計(ji)(ji)(ji)活動。2014 年(nian)(nian),財(cai)(cai)政部(bu)聯合證(zheng)(zheng)監會了(le)《公(gong)開發行證(zheng)(zheng)券的(de)(de)公(gong)司(si)(si)信息(xi)披露(lu)編報(bao)規(gui)則(ze)第(di)21 號——年(nian)(nian)度(du)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)評價(jia)報(bao)告的(de)(de)一般規(gui)定》,明確了(le)內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)評價(jia)報(bao)告構成要素(su),需(xu)要披露(lu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要內(nei)容及(ji)相關要求。

被(bei)出(chu)(chu)具(ju)非(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)財(cai)(cai)務報(bao)表審計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)的上市(shi)公(gong)司數量(liang)自2011 年(nian)(nian)以來(lai)逐年(nian)(nian)遞(di)減,且所(suo)占百分(fen)比(bi)也在逐年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)低,然而被(bei)出(chu)(chu)具(ju)非(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)內部(bu)控(kong)制審計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)類型的上市(shi)公(gong)司數量(liang)自2011 年(nian)(nian)以來(lai)卻逐年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia),且所(suo)占百分(fen)比(bi)也逐年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)。本文選取了2013 年(nian)(nian)度內部(bu)控(kong)制審計(ji)報(bao)告以及(ji)財(cai)(cai)務報(bao)表審計(ji)報(bao)告均為(wei)非(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)意(yi)見(jian)的代表企(qi)業華銳風(feng)電,以及(ji)內部(bu)控(kong)制審計(ji)報(bao)告為(wei)非(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)意(yi)見(jian)但(dan)財(cai)(cai)務報(bao)表審計(ji)報(bao)告為(wei)標(biao)準(zhun)無(wu)保(bao)留意(yi)見(jian)的代表企(qi)業上海家化(hua)進行案例分(fen)析,旨(zhi)在探究內部(bu)控(kong)制審計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)對財(cai)(cai)務報(bao)表審計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)的影響。

二(er)、內部控(kong)制審計報(bao)告(gao)與財(cai)務報(bao)表審計報(bao)告(gao)披露現狀分析

(一)2011—2013 年(nian)上(shang)市公司財務報表審計報告意見匯總

中國(guo)注冊(ce)會計(ji)師(shi)協(xie)會公(gong)布數據,截止2014 年(nian)4月30 日,共有(you)40 家證券資格的會計(ji)師(shi)事務(wu)所為(wei)來(lai)自(zi)深市與滬(hu)市的2 534 家上市公(gong)司出具了2013 年(nian)年(nian)度財務(wu)報表(biao)(biao)審計(ji)報告,在(zai)這些財務(wu)報表(biao)(biao)審計(ji)報告中,包含有(you)2 450 份標準無(wu)保留(liu)(liu)的審計(ji)意(yi)(yi)見(jian),57 份帶強調事項段的無(wu)保留(liu)(liu)意(yi)(yi)見(jian),22 份保留(liu)(liu)意(yi)(yi)見(jian),以及5 份無(wu)法表(biao)(biao)示意(yi)(yi)見(jian)的審計(ji)報告。見(jian)表(biao)(biao)(1)。

與此同時(shi),截(jie)至2014 年4 月30 日,共有40 證券資格的會計(ji)(ji)師(shi)事(shi)務所為來自深市(shi)與滬市(shi)的1 141家上市(shi)公司出(chu)具(ju)了2013 年年度(du)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報告(gao)(gao)(gao)。在這一千多份(fen)(fen)的內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報告(gao)(gao)(gao)中,有1 096 份(fen)(fen)是(shi)標(biao)準(zhun)無保留意見(jian)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報告(gao)(gao)(gao),35 份(fen)(fen)是(shi)帶(dai)強調事(shi)項段(duan)的無保留意見(jian),9 份(fen)(fen)否定意見(jian),以及1 份(fen)(fen)無法表示意見(jian)的內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)(ji)報告(gao)(gao)(gao)。見(jian)表(2)。

(二)2011—2013 年上市公(gong)司內部控制審計報(bao)告意見匯總

(三)2011—2013 年被(bei)出具非標準內部控(kong)制審(shen)計報告(gao)的上(shang)市公司財務報表審(shen)計意見(jian)匯總(zong)

同(tong)時被出具非標(biao)準財務報(bao)表審計意見(jian)和(he)非標(biao)準內部控制審計意見(jian)的上(shang)市公司2011 年(nian)(nian)沒有,2012年(nian)(nian)只有6 家,在2013 年(nian)(nian)卻達到(dao)了21 家。

(四)非標內部(bu)控制審計報告(gao)增加原因分析

(1)內(nei)部控制(zhi)缺陷造(zao)成影響逐(zhu)漸(jian)增大。近年來內(nei)部控制(zhi)的(de)相(xiang)關法規(gui)細則不(bu)斷(duan)頒布出來,從框架結構到具體(ti)內(nei)容(rong)不(bu)斷(duan)細化(hua)(hua)。尤其是在2014 年最新的(de)《公(gong)開發行證(zheng)券的(de)公(gong)司信息(xi)披(pi)(pi)露編(bian)報規(gui)則第(di)21號——年度(du)內(nei)部控制(zhi)評價(jia)(jia)報告的(de)一般規(gui)定》,明確了內(nei)部控制(zhi)評價(jia)(jia)報告構成要素,說(shuo)明了需披(pi)(pi)露的(de)內(nei)容(rong)及要求,并且還提供(gong)了可(ke)供(gong)注冊會計師參考(kao)的(de)內(nei)部控制(zhi)審計報告模板。因此,內(nei)部控制(zhi)評價(jia)(jia)向(xiang)著更加規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)、標準化(hua)(hua)的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)發展。

(2)審計(ji)(ji)意(yi)見的客觀性(xing)進一步提(ti)高(gao)。注冊會計(ji)(ji)師在內部控制審計(ji)(ji)方(fang)面的專業性(xing)越來越高(gao),經驗(yan)越來越豐(feng)富(fu),同時職業道(dao)德也有所提(ti)高(gao),敢(gan)于披露被審計(ji)(ji)單位內部控制的缺陷。

(3)企業內(nei)部控制(zhi)重(zhong)視程度提高。認識到(dao)內(nei)部控制(zhi)對于(yu)企業發展的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing),積極接(jie)受注冊會計(ji)師(shi)出具的(de)(de)內(nei)部控制(zhi)審計(ji)意(yi)見,并(bing)在內(nei)部控制(zhi)自(zi)我評價報告中披露,提出解決問題的(de)(de)可行性(xing)計(ji)劃和(he)方(fang)案。

三、內部審計報(bao)告與(yu)財(cai)務報(bao)表審計報(bao)表案(an)例分析

(一)案例背景

華(hua)銳(rui)風(feng)電科技股份有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司是(shi)一(yi)(yi)家以(yi)風(feng)電為主(zhu)的(de)新能源企業(ye),主(zhu)要進行不同風(feng)電機組(zu)的(de)研(yan)(yan)發、制造和銷售。華(hua)銳(rui)風(feng)電公(gong)(gong)司在(zai)2013 年(nian)度(du)被同時出具了非標準的(de)內部(bu)(bu)控制審(shen)(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)告和財務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表審(shen)(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)告。其中(zhong),內部(bu)(bu)控制審(shen)(shen)計(ji)意(yi)(yi)(yi)見為否定意(yi)(yi)(yi)見,財務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表審(shen)(shen)計(ji)意(yi)(yi)(yi)見為保留意(yi)(yi)(yi)見。上海(hai)家化(hua)聯合股份有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司是(shi)我國(guo)化(hua)妝品(pin)行業(ye)中(zhong)第一(yi)(yi)家上市企業(ye),產品(pin)覆蓋化(hua)妝品(pin)、家居護理用品(pin)等,擁有(you)國(guo)際(ji)水準研(yan)(yan)發以(yi)及廣(guang)大的(de)消費市場。上海(hai)家化(hua)2013 年(nian)年(nian)度(du)審(shen)(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)告中(zhong),內部(bu)(bu)控制審(shen)(shen)計(ji)意(yi)(yi)(yi)見為否定意(yi)(yi)(yi)見,但財務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表審(shen)(shen)計(ji)意(yi)(yi)(yi)見卻為標準無(wu)保留意(yi)(yi)(yi)見。

(二)案例分析

1. 華銳風電

(1)華銳(rui)風電公司未(wei)能對(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)物資產實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)有效(xiao)控制,在(zai)對(dui)(dui)2013 年年末的(de)(de)存貨(huo)進行(xing)了(le)全面(mian)清查(cha)后,發現了(le)賬實(shi)(shi)(shi)不符的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況,實(shi)(shi)(shi)物相比(bi)較賬面(mian)金(jin)額(e),存在(zai)126 853.54 萬元的(de)(de)短缺(que)。由于公司對(dui)(dui)于存貨(huo)盤點(dian)結果尚(shang)未(wei)核對(dui)(dui)完成(cheng),因(yin)此,在(zai)尚(shang)未(wei)獲得充(chong)分、適當(dang)的(de)(de)審計(ji)證(zheng)據(ju)的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)(xia),注冊(ce)會計(ji)師(shi)無(wu)法實(shi)(shi)(shi)施必要(yao)審計(ji)程序(xu),從而對(dui)(dui)于盤點(dian)結果以及由此所影響(xiang)的(de)(de)存貨(huo)、資產減值(zhi)損失、管理費用(yong)等會計(ji)科目無(wu)法確認。并且在(zai)對(dui)(dui)應付賬款(kuan)進行(xing)函證(zheng)時,發現了(le)較多往(wang)來不符的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)形,在(zai)該情(qing)(qing)形下(xia)(xia)注冊(ce)會計(ji)師(shi)認為無(wu)法實(shi)(shi)(shi)施替代程序(xu)以獲取(qu)充(chong)分、適當(dang)的(de)(de)審計(ji)證(zheng)據(ju)。

(2)華(hua)銳(rui)風(feng)電(dian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)2013 年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)末(mo)在(zai)其(qi)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)財務報表(biao)上確認了遞延所得稅資產32 924.13 萬(wan)元(yuan)。但在(zai)此(ci)之前華(hua)銳(rui)風(feng)電(dian)已連(lian)續兩年(nian)(nian)出現虧損。其(qi)中母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai) 2012 年(nian)(nian)與2013 年(nian)(nian)分別(bie)取得利潤總(zong)額為-71 011.26萬(wan)元(yuan)和-331 244.50 萬(wan)元(yuan)。因對華(hua)銳(rui)風(feng)電(dian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)未來(lai)的(de)盈(ying)利情況不(bu)確定,注冊會計師認為無法確定這(zhe)一事(shi)項對公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)財務報表(biao)的(de)影(ying)響是(shi)否恰當。

(3)華銳(rui)風電(dian)公司(si)于2013 年(nian) 5 月、 以及2014年(nian) 1 月分(fen)別收(shou)到(dao)來自中國證監(jian)會的兩封《立(li)案調查(cha)通知書》,證監(jian)會決(jue)定(ding)開(kai)始對華銳(rui)風電(dian)公司(si)進行(xing)立(li)案調查(cha)。截至到(dao)審(shen)計報(bao)告簽發日,證監(jian)會的相關調查(cha)工作仍未結束,因(yin)此,注冊(ce)會計師(shi)無(wu)法判斷調查(cha)結論可能(neng)對華銳(rui)風電(dian)公司(si)財務(wu)報(bao)表產生的影響。

2. 上海家化

(1)由(you)于上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)家化并沒有(you)披露與吳江市黎里(li)滬(hu)江日(ri)(ri)用化學品(pin)廠(chang)的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)交(jiao)易(yi)事項(xiang),并且于2013 年(nian)11 月(yue)(yue)收到了(le)(le)來自中國證監(jian)會(hui)的(de)《行政監(jian)管措(cuo)施決定(ding)書》,認(ren)(ren)定(ding)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)家化在(zai)2009 年(nian)至2013 年(nian)與滬(hu)江日(ri)(ri)化發生的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)交(jiao)易(yi)違反了(le)(le)相關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)法律法規(gui)。注冊會(hui)計師認(ren)(ren)為(wei),上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)家化對關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)交(jiao)易(yi)未(wei)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)行有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)控制,并且由(you)于關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)方交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)未(wei)能(neng)(neng)及時識(shi)別會(hui)影響財務(wu)報表中與關(guan)(guan)(guan)聯(lian)方有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)數據的(de)完整性以及準確性,導(dao)致內部控制設(she)計的(de)失效(xiao)(xiao)。雖然(ran)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)家化在(zai)2013 年(nian)12 月(yue)(yue)表示對上(shang)(shang)述缺陷(xian)已進(jin)行了(le)(le)整改,但(dan)因為(wei)運行時間(jian)不長,因此不能(neng)(neng)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)整改有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。

(2)注冊(ce)會計師認(ren)為上海家(jia)(jia)化在2013 年以(yi)前及(ji)之后與代加工廠發生的委托加工交易在會計處(chu)理方法上不一致,由此(ci)認(ren)定部分上海家(jia)(jia)化子公(gong)司并未建立銷售返(fan)利以(yi)及(ji)運輸費等有關(guan)的內部控制(zhi)。這一缺陷會導致財(cai)務(wu)報表中涉及(ji)銷售費用和(he)運輸費用等相關(guan)交易的完(wan)整性、準確(que)性以(yi)及(ji)截(jie)止性產生偏差,因此(ci)認(ren)定相關(guan)內部控制(zhi)設計失效。

(3)注冊會(hui)計(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)發現在(zai)2013 年12 月31 日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)中(zhong)(zhong),財(cai)(cai)務(wu)人員(yuan)將本應(ying)(ying)計(ji)(ji)入其他應(ying)(ying)付款科(ke)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)費用計(ji)(ji)入了應(ying)(ying)付賬(zhang)款科(ke)目(mu)(mu),影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)多個會(hui)計(ji)(ji)科(ke)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)性,因此(ci)認為上(shang)海家化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)專業素(su)養(yang)不夠,造成會(hui)計(ji)(ji)處理的(de)(de)(de)差錯。注冊會(hui)計(ji)(ji)師(shi)(shi)說明在(zai)2013 年年度財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong),已(yi)經考慮(lv)了上(shang)述重(zhong)大(da)缺(que)陷(xian)對審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)程序的(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)、時間安排和范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。因此(ci),否定的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)意見并未對上(shang)海家化(hua)2013 年年度財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)出具的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告意見產(chan)(chan)生影(ying)響(xiang)。然(ran)而在(zai)華銳(rui)風電內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告中(zhong)(zhong)看出,由于對存(cun)貨等實物資產(chan)(chan)缺(que)乏有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制,導致了財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告中(zhong)(zhong)保留(liu)意見事項一(yi)、二對資產(chan)(chan)負(fu)債表(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)“存(cun)貨”“應(ying)(ying)收賬(zhang)款”“資產(chan)(chan)減值損失”“管理費用”“銷售費用”等會(hui)計(ji)(ji)科(ke)目(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)生重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang),這些重(zhong)大(da)缺(que)陷(xian)都是屬于財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)層次產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)可(ke)以看出,內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)意見與財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)意見關系緊密(mi),內(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)層次的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷(xian)會(hui)對財(cai)(cai)務(wu)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)審(shen)(shen)(shen)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告意見產(chan)(chan)生重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)。

四、結論

華銳風(feng)電(dian)公司與上(shang)海家化公司2013 年(nian)度的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告均被(bei)(bei)出具了否定的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian),華銳風(feng)電(dian)被(bei)(bei)出具的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)審(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告是(shi)保留(liu)意(yi)見(jian)(jian),上(shang)海家化被(bei)(bei)出具的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)審(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告卻(que)是(shi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)無保留(liu)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)。本文分析,只(zhi)有當內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)出現財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)層(ceng)次缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)時(shi),才會(hui)對(dui)(dui)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)產生(sheng)影響,從而引發財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)審(shen)計(ji)非標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)審(shen)計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)出現。在關注非標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)時(shi),應注意(yi)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告中所涉及的(de)(de)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)是(shi)否為財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian),如果是(shi)則對(dui)(dui)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)審(shen)計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)影響大;如果否則對(dui)(dui)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)審(shen)計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)影響較小(xiao)。另外(wai),即使企業當年(nian)被(bei)(bei)出具了非標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)審(shen)計(ji)意(yi)見(jian)(jian),并且內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)缺(que)陷(xian)(xian)為非財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)層(ceng)次,但由于其(qi)所具有的(de)(de)滯后(hou)(hou)性,仍(reng)然有可能會(hui)影響到以后(hou)(hou)年(nian)度的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)審(shen)計(ji)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)。

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篇5

關鍵詞:電力安(an)裝企(qi)業;財(cai)務管理(li);財(cai)務內部(bu)控制

1引言

隨著(zhu)國民經濟的不(bu)斷發展(zhan),人們生活水平的不(bu)斷提高,電(dian)子設(she)備(bei)應用變得非(fei)常廣泛,電(dian)力(li)安(an)裝部門加(jia)大了(le)基礎設(she)施建設(she)。雖然大部分企業(ye)已經意識到財(cai)務(wu)內部控(kong)制工作的重(zhong)要(yao)性,但總體執行效果不(bu)是很理想,形式化嚴重(zhong),各個單位都出現了(le)各種各樣的問(wen)題,從而(er)影響(xiang)了(le)企業(ye)的健康持續發展(zhan)。因此,電(dian)力(li)安(an)裝企業(ye)需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)財(cai)務(wu)內控(kong)工作,切實做(zuo)好企業(ye)內部財(cai)務(wu)控(kong)制,從而(er)促進企業(ye)的健康發展(zhan)。

2電力安裝企(qi)業財務(wu)內部(bu)控(kong)制工作的(de)作用

企業(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)內部(bu)控制(zhi)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)核心是在(zai)會計(ji)信息可(ke)靠的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),確(que)保資產(chan)完整,保障(zhang)科學合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)管理(li)企業(ye)(ye),從(cong)(cong)全局出(chu)發加速企業(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)管理(li),落實預(yu)算統(tong)計(ji)工作(zuo),結合(he)實際(ji)情況,確(que)保資源的(de)(de)科學、合(he)理(li)應(ying)用(yong),嚴格對照國家有關政策法律法規(gui)和公司管理(li)要求,盡最大能(neng)力(li)(li)提高企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)資源利用(yong)率,提升企業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營能(neng)力(li)(li)、自我管理(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)和防范化解風險的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)(li),從(cong)(cong)而降低企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)風險,增強(qiang)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)能(neng)力(li)(li),使(shi)企業(ye)(ye)健(jian)康持續發展。

3電(dian)力安(an)裝(zhuang)企業財務內部控制工(gong)作(zuo)存(cun)在的問(wen)題

雖(sui)然部分(fen)電(dian)力(li)(li)安裝企業(ye)已經意識(shi)到(dao)財(cai)務(wu)內控(kong)工(gong)作的(de)重要(yao)性,在(zai)實際工(gong)作中也采取一定的(de)措(cuo)施加強了財(cai)務(wu)內控(kong)工(gong)作,但是仍(reng)然有一部分(fen)電(dian)力(li)(li)安裝企業(ye)的(de)財(cai)務(wu)內控(kong)工(gong)作存在(zai)一些(xie)問題,主要(yao)包(bao)括以下幾個方面:

3.1財務內(nei)控(kong)管(guan)理體系不健全

財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體系不健全是(shi)目前(qian)電力(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業普(pu)遍存(cun)在的問題,電力(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業往(wang)往(wang)會將(jiang)其重點集(ji)中在經營與發(fa)展上,以(yi)(yi)便(bian)于(yu)更好地獲(huo)取經濟效益,而忽略了內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)管理(li)與監(jian)督機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的架構,未(wei)能注重內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)與財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管理(li)的價值。財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的缺(que)失主要表現為未(wei)有(you)效地指導(dao)和組(zu)織內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人員(yuan),比如未(wei)對其進(jin)行財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)工作監(jian)督、能力(li)(li)培訓、專(zhuan)業技(ji)術培訓等內(nei)(nei)(nei)容,致(zhi)(zhi)使不同崗位之(zhi)(zhi)間未(wei)明(ming)(ming)確(que)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務(wu)(wu)(wu)分工、工作人員(yuan)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責模糊(hu),無(wu)法正常開展內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和防范財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)風險工作。缺(que)乏內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)監(jian)督管理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流程混亂(luan),導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)當企(qi)(qi)業出現問題時(shi),無(wu)法充分明(ming)(ming)確(que)各部(bu)門之(zhi)(zhi)間的職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責;在控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)風險時(shi)未(wei)規范規章制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)工作無(wu)法得到有(you)效落(luo)實。財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)流程不透(tou)明(ming)(ming)、等現象明(ming)(ming)顯(xian),若是(shi)部(bu)分財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人員(yuan)存(cun)在錯誤(wu)想法,可以(yi)(yi)及(ji)時(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi),但若發(fa)現較晚,將(jiang)會導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)資金鏈斷裂,對企(qi)(qi)業財(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)活動產(chan)(chan)生嚴重影響,嚴重者(zhe)甚至導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)(qi)業破產(chan)(chan)倒閉。

3.2重(zhong)點(dian)環節內控(kong)不完善

財務(wu)(wu)內部(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)含事(shi)前控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、事(shi)中控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和事(shi)后控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三個環節,其實事(shi)前控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和事(shi)中控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)(geng)為關鍵(jian),但是(shi)許多(duo)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),企業(ye)往往對(dui)事(shi)前控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)投(tou)入精(jing)力不足(zu),更(geng)(geng)為重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)事(shi)后控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),將企業(ye)的會計核(he)算(suan)和結果分析作為重(zhong)(zhong)點。雖然一旦發現問題,可以分析成因(yin),但往往難以采取應(ying)對(dui)策略挽(wan)回(hui)損失,同時也使(shi)財務(wu)(wu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失去預測決策的參(can)考價值,無法確(que)保內控機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的合(he)理(li)與科學。

3.3企業信息化水平(ping)不高

隨著電(dian)子信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)快速發展,目前(qian)信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術已經(jing)普遍應用于企業(ye)管理中。信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)應用可以使企業(ye)內部控制(zhi)更(geng)高效地進(jin)行(xing),但是目前(qian)很多電(dian)力(li)安裝企業(ye)信息(xi)(xi)化水平(ping)有(you)待進(jin)一步完善(shan),這樣(yang)就(jiu)影響(xiang)到業(ye)務(wu)之間的(de)(de)(de)有(you)序進(jin)行(xing),對于提高業(ye)務(wu)經(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)暢性具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)阻礙。表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)在內部控制(zhi)信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術沒有(you)有(you)效應用的(de)(de)(de)情況下,使得部分業(ye)務(wu)還需要經(jing)過人(ren)工(gong)(gong)整理后才(cai)可以將其信息(xi)(xi)錄入內部控制(zhi)有(you)關系統(tong)中,進(jin)而實(shi)現(xian)(xian)分析、統(tong)計,這樣(yang)不(bu)但降低了工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率,還更(geng)容易出現(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)失(shi)誤。

3.4財務內控意識淡薄

電力(li)安裝企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需要(yao)健(jian)全財(cai)務(wu)內控(kong)、健(jian)全內部(bu)風(feng)險體(ti)制(zhi)和(he)(he)監(jian)督(du)體(ti)制(zhi),才能夠保(bao)證(zheng)有(you)效開展(zhan)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)。電力(li)安裝企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)屬(shu)于技術、資(zi)金、人(ren)員(yuan)三(san)要(yao)素并重(zhong)型企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),因此管(guan)理(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)資(zi)金有(you)著(zhu)重(zhong)要(yao)的作(zuo)用(yong)。但在實(shi)(shi)際運營(ying)時,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)缺(que)少安全意識,不注重(zhong)財(cai)務(wu)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi),無法把控(kong)資(zi)金的流向,導(dao)致企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產生資(zi)金問題。當(dang)前,電力(li)安裝企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)大多延續傳統管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式,只(zhi)注重(zhong)收支平(ping)衡和(he)(he)審批程序。雖然我(wo)國在全面預算管(guan)理(li)、財(cai)務(wu)分(fen)析、人(ren)力(li)資(zi)源管(guan)理(li)、資(zi)產管(guan)理(li)等領域建立了(le)很多財(cai)務(wu)制(zhi)度(du),但是在實(shi)(shi)際應用(yong)中(zhong)還沒有(you)充分(fen)有(you)效地實(shi)(shi)施,從而影響(xiang)了(le)財(cai)務(wu)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)。

3.5財務內控人員自身(shen)素質的局限(xian)性(xing)

在實際工(gong)(gong)作中,存在審(shen)計部(bu)門(men)(men)與會計部(bu)門(men)(men)合伙舞弊(bi),或者(zhe)采購(gou)部(bu)門(men)(men)與會計部(bu)門(men)(men)合伙舞弊(bi)等現象。這主要是由于(yu)財務內控人員職業道德(de)、專業勝任能力等自身(shen)素質不高,對于(yu)自身(shen)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)重要性認識(shi)不足,對于(yu)業務知識(shi)也不肯(ken)認真鉆研,最(zui)終導致無法充分發揮財務內控的(de)作用(yong)。

4電力安(an)裝企業(ye)解(jie)決財務內控問題的一些措施

電力安裝企業(ye)要想解決財務內控中存(cun)在(zai)的上(shang)述問題(ti),需要從以下幾個方面采取措(cuo)施(shi):

4.1健全財(cai)務內(nei)控管理體系

電力(li)安裝企業可以(yi)選擇指定負責(ze)人在內部(bu)(bu)設置管理(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)和監督體制(zhi)(zhi),保證此(ci)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)能夠有(you)序(xu)開展。企業也要(yao)在監督管理(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)中,找到運營存在的財(cai)(cai)務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險,便于及時找出解決(jue)的方(fang)法,合(he)理(li)(li)規(gui)避(bi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險。財(cai)(cai)務部(bu)(bu)門要(yao)實(shi)施財(cai)(cai)務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),確(que)保能夠細化財(cai)(cai)務人員(yuan)(yuan)的任(ren)務,防止(zhi)財(cai)(cai)務人員(yuan)(yuan)推卸責(ze)任(ren)。財(cai)(cai)務部(bu)(bu)門要(yao)嚴格把控(kong)(kong)財(cai)(cai)務預算(suan)(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),防止(zhi)預算(suan)(suan)過程(cheng)產(chan)生(sheng)麻煩,實(shi)施科學的管理(li)(li),細化預算(suan)(suan)的目標(biao),公開透(tou)明預算(suan)(suan),防止(zhi)預算(suan)(suan)費用高(gao),產(chan)生(sheng)經濟損失。電力(li)企業員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險有(you)著正確(que)認(ren)識(shi),從而更好的規(gui)避(bi)可能產(chan)生(sheng)的風(feng)(feng)(feng)險,合(he)理(li)(li)把控(kong)(kong)電力(li)企業財(cai)(cai)務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險過程(cheng),調動員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的積極(ji)性。加(jia)強培(pei)訓工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),使員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能夠結合(he)實(shi)際情況掌握更多財(cai)(cai)務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)識(shi),提升(sheng)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險意識(shi)。并且也要(yao)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)構建財(cai)(cai)務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)體系,從而約束員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的不(bu)良行為(wei),提升(sheng)電力(li)企業財(cai)(cai)務風(feng)(feng)(feng)險內部(bu)(bu)管控(kong)(kong)水平。

4.2加強重點領域(yu)內(nei)控(kong)管理(li)

財(cai)務(wu)(wu)內控不僅(jin)要(yao)關注事后控制(zhi)(zhi),更要(yao)注意事前和事中控制(zhi)(zhi)這兩個重點(dian)環節。具(ju)體(ti)要(yao)注意以下幾個方面(mian):(1)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。要(yao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)單位的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)攬、物資(zi)(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)、資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)租賃等(deng)交易(yi)行為,合(he)(he)理(li)(li)確定(ding)交易(yi)價(jia)(jia)格,強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化招投(tou)標、合(he)(he)同簽訂與履(lv)約、資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)結(jie)(jie)算等(deng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),確保(bao)(bao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序合(he)(he)法合(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)、價(jia)(jia)格公(gong)允。(2)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。認真執行國(guo)家和公(gong)司施工(gong)(gong)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)有關規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding),健(jian)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和決(jue)策程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序,嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)比例(li),嚴(yan)禁違法轉包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、違規(gui)(gui)(gui)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),明確分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)隊(dui)伍準入條件和評(ping)價(jia)(jia)標準,建立分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)信報(bao)備(bei)和黑名單制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),開(kai)(kai)展核(he)心及備(bei)選(xuan)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)篩選(xuan)工(gong)(gong)作,確保(bao)(bao)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商(shang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質符合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質要(yao)求。建立工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)臺賬(zhang)和月度(du)(du)統計報(bao)表(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),明確記錄工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)決(jue)策過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和責任人(ren),嚴(yan)肅追(zhui)究(jiu)違規(gui)(gui)(gui)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)相關人(ren)員的(de)責任。(3)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)物資(zi)(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)國(guo)家法律法規(gui)(gui)(gui)和公(gong)司制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding),建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)物資(zi)(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),合(he)(he)理(li)(li)選(xuan)擇采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)模式(shi)和定(ding)價(jia)(jia)方式(shi)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)電商(shang)化交易(yi)工(gong)(gong)作,實(shi)現(xian)物資(zi)(zi)(zi)類(lei)和服務(wu)(wu)類(lei)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)全(quan)(quan)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)線上交易(yi),降低(di)企(qi)業采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)成本,確保(bao)(bao)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)永溯(su)可查,切實(shi)提升物資(zi)(zi)(zi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)化。(4)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。要(yao)嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)國(guo)家財(cai)經(jing)法規(gui)(gui)(gui)和公(gong)司相關規(gui)(gui)(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)單位預算、成本、決(jue)算等(deng)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),組(zu)織單位開(kai)(kai)展會計核(he)算管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與財(cai)務(wu)(wu)稽核(he),規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)單位銀行賬(zhang)戶、資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)結(jie)(jie)算、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、融資(zi)(zi)(zi)擔保(bao)(bao)等(deng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li);持續強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)結(jie)(jie)算和合(he)(he)同履(lv)約,避免發(fa)生新增(zeng)欠款;加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)業務(wu)(wu)單位資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)處置,完善決(jue)策流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)審(shen)計、評(ping)估、備(bei)案、進(jin)場交易(yi)等(deng)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)控,防范(fan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)流(liu)失;加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)核(he)算管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),持續提高成本費用(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水平和項目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)收益。

4.3加(jia)強信息化建設,提高財(cai)務內控管理(li)水平

在(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)飛速發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)階段,加(jia)(jia)強信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設對于提高財(cai)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)水(shui)平(ping)具有(you)非常關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。首(shou)先(xian),在(zai)對內(nei)(nei)(nei)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)與溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)面,要(yao)根據(ju)(ju)國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),公司(si)統一配(pei)(pei)置ERP系(xi)統,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過ERP系(xi)統實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)、財(cai)、物信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),加(jia)(jia)大資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)配(pei)(pei)置與高效(xiao)利用(yong),提升(sheng)流(liu)程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)性。公司(si)要(yao)定(ding)期召開不同類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi),會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)包括管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層周例(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、安(an)全生(sheng)(sheng)產季度(du)(du)例(li)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、財(cai)務(wu)(wu)年(nian)度(du)(du)總結會(hui)(hui)(hui)、典型(xing)經(jing)驗交(jiao)流(liu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、同行業(ye)(ye)(ye)對標會(hui)(hui)(hui)等(deng),會(hui)(hui)(hui)后(hou)記(ji)錄(lu)經(jing)由公司(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)傳閱。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過召開會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi),能(neng)夠促進(jin)公司(si)上下級(ji)(ji)、各部(bu)(bu)門之間溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)暢通(tong)(tong)(tong),做到信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)實(shi)(shi)時共(gong)享。為保障(zhang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)全,公司(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過內(nei)(nei)(nei)網實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)傳遞(di)(di),對信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)全管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)做出明確(que)要(yao)求(qiu)。根據(ju)(ju)安(an)全等(deng)級(ji)(ji)對信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)劃分(fen)保密等(deng)級(ji)(ji),同時限定(ding)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳遞(di)(di)范(fan)圍及方(fang)式,定(ding)期對設備以(yi)及系(xi)統進(jin)行檢查與維護(hu),能(neng)夠有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)止信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)外泄。其次,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不僅要(yao)考慮到技(ji)術(shu)手段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創新,而且還要(yao)借(jie)助于可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)手段,充分(fen)發揮(hui)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)審(shen)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),使(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制各項(xiang)(xiang)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得以(yi)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)。當前,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)往往重(zhong)點關注(zhu)于預算(suan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、財(cai)務(wu)(wu)運(yun)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)以(yi)及風險評估(gu)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)等(deng)多項(xiang)(xiang)任(ren)務(wu)(wu),而這(zhe)些任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)又都需(xu)(xu)要(yao)大量信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持、參考和比(bi)對,這(zhe)就必然需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進(jin)一步深化(hua)(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)統構建,優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式,在(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)搜集、共(gong)享以(yi)及分(fen)析應用(yong)方(fang)面發揮(hui)重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),更(geng)好凸顯所有(you)數據(ju)(ju)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)價值。最(zui)后(hou),電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)加(jia)(jia)強財(cai)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)期間,還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)與其他部(bu)(bu)門有(you)效(xiao)聯(lian)系(xi),實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)、加(jia)(jia)強共(gong)享聯(lian)系(xi),擴寬(kuan)數據(ju)(ju)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)渠(qu)道(dao)、風險防(fang)范(fan)路徑,以(yi)此實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)重(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順移(yi),助力(li)(li)(li)(li)于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,并將電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益水(shui)平(ping)提升(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為首(shou)要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)目標。在(zai)創建內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)交(jiao)流(liu)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景下,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)及時相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容,加(jia)(jia)強電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)交(jiao)換,落(luo)實(shi)(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。以(yi)此助力(li)(li)(li)(li)于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展,掌握企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)經(jing)營(ying)狀況,明確(que)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷,助力(li)(li)(li)(li)于電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)及時發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)潛在(zai)隱患(huan),同時注(zhu)意(yi)外部(bu)(bu)隱患(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),避免對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產生(sheng)(sheng)不利影響。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過應用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)共(gong)享系(xi)統,以(yi)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)度(du)(du)開展財(cai)務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),可建設和諧、穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制度(du)(du),營(ying)造良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環境,確(que)保企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)情權,以(yi)此實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)。

4.4培養財務內部(bu)控制人才

培(pei)(pei)養(yang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制專業(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)意識(shi),保(bao)證能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)落實(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制工作(zuo)。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制人才,使其能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)合(he)理地把控(kong)(kong)(kong)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部的(de)風險(xian)。可以(yi)根據內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制人員(yuan)(yuan)工作(zuo)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)計(ji)劃,聘請專家(jia)舉辦講座。電(dian)(dian)力(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制管理的(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)和電(dian)(dian)力(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)發展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)間有著直接聯系,因此電(dian)(dian)力(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)人員(yuan)(yuan)需要(yao)(yao)提升自身專業(ye)能(neng)(neng)力(li)、專業(ye)技術,使電(dian)(dian)力(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)現穩定發展(zhan)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工要(yao)(yao)對風險(xian)有著正確認識(shi),從而(er)更(geng)(geng)好地規避可能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)風險(xian),合(he)理把控(kong)(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)過程,調動員(yuan)(yuan)工工作(zuo)的(de)積極性。要(yao)(yao)加強培(pei)(pei)訓工作(zuo),使員(yuan)(yuan)工能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)結合(he)實(shi)(shi)際情況掌握更(geng)(geng)多財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制知識(shi),提升員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)風險(xian)意識(shi)。并且也要(yao)(yao)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)工構建財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制體系,從而(er)約束員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)不(bu)良(liang)行(xing)為(wei),提升電(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)風險(xian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部管控(kong)(kong)(kong)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)。

4.5強化財務內(nei)控管理意識

企(qi)業(ye)內部(bu)財(cai)(cai)務人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)素(su)質技(ji)能(neng)水平較(jiao)高(gao)(gao),隨著(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展迅速,其(qi)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)外部(bu)環境變化較(jiao)大,需要(yao)加(jia)強財(cai)(cai)務人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養。在(zai)實際工(gong)作(zuo)中,促使(shi)企(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)務人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)生活與(yu)(yu)(yu)過程(cheng)內,能(neng)夠時(shi)刻牢記風(feng)(feng)險(xian),并注重風(feng)(feng)險(xian)辨別,做好(hao)防控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo),把(ba)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)降到最(zui)低(di)。與(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),財(cai)(cai)務會計(ji)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)積極配合(he)內控(kong)機(ji)構,嚴格執行(xing)內控(kong)機(ji)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)體系,科(ke)學(xue)化資(zi)金(jin)管控(kong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)使(shi)用,加(jia)強資(zi)金(jin)管理,以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)確保(bao)財(cai)(cai)務信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實性、可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性,避免,編制(zhi)切實可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性腔(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務報表(biao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)為管理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)作(zuo)出(chu)(chu)決(jue)策(ce)時(shi)所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料和信息提(ti)供(gong)財(cai)(cai)務指正(zheng),確保(bao)決(jue)策(ce)精準、科(ke)學(xue)與(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)理,加(jia)速企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展。不(bu)僅如此(ci),還需要(yao)定(ding)期(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)定(ding)期(qi)地接(jie)受一些(xie)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培訓(xun)(xun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)財(cai)(cai)務人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)意(yi)識。培訓(xun)(xun)方式可(ke)(ke)(ke)為其(qi)他企(qi)業(ye)進修(xiu)學(xue)習(xi),通過直觀(guan)學(xue)習(xi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)加(jia)強工(gong)作(zuo)認知,清晰精準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認知風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管控(kong)。不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)忽略的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是,需要(yao)在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)內部(bu)建設責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)體系,將責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)劃(hua)分(fen)到人(ren)(ren)頭,確保(bao)任(ren)一環節出(chu)(chu)現問題,均可(ke)(ke)(ke)找到負責(ze)(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)強化人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)意(yi)識,提(ti)升素(su)質與(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)能(neng)。

5結語

綜上所述,我國的(de)電力安裝(zhuang)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)財(cai)務內控中還存在(zai)一系列的(de)問題,亟待進行全面的(de)、更加完善的(de)財(cai)務內控管理(li)創新措(cuo)施,因此在(zai)這個過程中,更需要針(zhen)對存在(zai)的(de)重點(dian)問題和注意(yi)事項,強(qiang)化財(cai)務內控管理(li)意(yi)識,健全財(cai)務內控管理(li)體系,提高財(cai)務人員(yuan)業(ye)務能(neng)力,加強(qiang)信息化建設,加強(qiang)重點(dian)領域內控管理(li),強(qiang)化財(cai)務管理(li)工作水平(ping),從而(er)為企(qi)業(ye)長遠穩定發展(zhan)奠定基(ji)礎。電力安裝(zhuang)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該(gai)逐(zhu)漸摒棄傳(chuan)統的(de)固化發展(zhan)思維,不斷(duan)完善經營管理(li)模式(shi),增強(qiang)風(feng)險防控意(yi)識,加強(qiang)財(cai)務內部控制(zhi)建設,提高企(qi)業(ye)綜合(he)競爭(zheng)力。

參考文獻

[1]宋振瑛.大(da)數(shu)據背景下企業財(cai)務(wu)管理內(nei)部控制轉型路徑探索[J].中國(guo)市場(chang),2021(23):191-192.

 [2]王宏(hong)剛.煤炭企業(ye)財務內部控制(zhi)的(de)初步探討[J].中國集體(ti)經(jing)濟,2021(24):151-152.

[3]易莎.國有企業財務內(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)存在(zai)的不足與優(you)化對(dui)策[J].質(zhi)量與市場,2021(15):106-108.

[4]鄭曉靜.企業財(cai)務(wu)內(nei)控管理制度的建立與完善(shan)探究(jiu)[J].財(cai)會(hui)學習(xi),2021(21):188-190.

[5]陳芹(qin).電力安(an)裝企業財(cai)務內部控制與管理途(tu)徑[J].財(cai)富時(shi)代,2019(10):221-222.

篇6

關鍵詞:電(dian)力安裝企業;財務內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制;問題

隨著國(guo)家經濟的(de)(de)迅猛增長, 大(da)中(zhong)小型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)應(ying)運而生,用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量隨之增加, 各地供電(dian)(dian)(dian)部門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)項目不(bu)斷(duan)增多, 專門(men)承攬電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工項目的(de)(de)公(gong)司(si)(si)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)公(gong)司(si)(si)紛(fen)紛(fen)組建(jian)(jian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)主要是變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)等建(jian)(jian)筑產(chan)品(pin),由于(yu)所處(chu)建(jian)(jian)筑行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)特點,其產(chan)品(pin)及生產(chan)過程不(bu)同(tong)于(yu)一般的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)技術水平較高(gao), 設(she)備儀器齊全, 材料資金充足(zu)。但材料設(she)備費用高(gao), 人員工資高(gao),由于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)(si)派生出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)公(gong)司(si)(si)具(ju)有壟斷(duan)優勢,因此作為(wei)民營電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)而言,只有在(zai)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理方面(mian)不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)優化升級,才(cai)能在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工廣闊市場占據一席之地, 否則可能被(bei)其他性質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)公(gong)司(si)(si)占領。

一、企(qi)業財(cai)務(wu)內部控制(zhi)內涵(han)及重要性(xing)分(fen)析(xi)

財務內(nei)部控制指(zhi)企業為(wei)了提高會計信息質量,保(bao)護資產的(de)安全(quan)、完整 ,確保(bao)有關法律法規(gui)(gui)和規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)制度的(de)貫徹執(zhi)行等(deng)制定和實(shi)施的(de)一(yi)系(xi)列控制方法、措施和程序(xu),是(shi)現代企業管理的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分。

建立(li)(li)健全(quan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)務內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度是(shi)加強(qiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)會計管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)會計管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度是(shi)一項(xiang)行之有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,是(shi)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分,對確(que)保(bao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)會計工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常運(yun)行和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高具有十(shi)分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,是(shi)建立(li)(li)健全(quan)法人治理(li)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要基礎。其(qi)核心是(shi)保(bao)證會計信息準確(que)可靠,資產安全(quan)完整和(he)促進企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)。保(bao)證組織機(ji)構經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常運(yun)轉,保(bao)護企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)資產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)、完整與有效(xiao)運(yun)用,提高經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)核算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)性與可靠性,推動(dong)(dong)與考核企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)單位各項(xiang)方(fang)針(zhen)、政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貫徹(che)執行,評價(jia)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益,提高企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貫穿(chuan)于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個方(fang)面,只要企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)存(cun)在經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li),就(jiu)需要加強(qiang)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),建立(li)(li)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。因為(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)務內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度更加符合企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務管(guan)理(li)要求。從監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式和(he)效(xiao)果(guo)來看,財(cai)(cai)務內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比其(qi)它監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)更加有效(xiao),國家(jia)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)和(he)社會監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)屬(shu)于(yu)事(shi)后監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du),其(qi)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍受到一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)以企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)會計監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)有一定效(xiao)果(guo)為(wei)前提。只有企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)財(cai)(cai)務內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才是(shi)對單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務收支(zhi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程、全(quan)方(fang)位監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。從監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本來看,財(cai)(cai)務內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本也(ye)是(shi)最低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

二、電(dian)力安裝企業(ye)財務內部控制(zhi)存(cun)在(zai)的問(wen)題

1.財務內部控(kong)制問題

目前,一些(xie)電(dian)力(li)(li)安(an)(an)裝企業的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制還沒有(you)(you)(you)達到(dao)能夠(gou)使(shi)各(ge)類(lei)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)決策權力(li)(li)、各(ge)項財(cai)會業務(wu)(wu)(wu)過程(cheng)(cheng)、各(ge)個(ge)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)環節和(he)各(ge)個(ge)財(cai)會人員的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)都處于緊密的(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)制約和(he)監控(kong)之下的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)、有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制水平, 有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)電(dian)力(li)(li)安(an)(an)裝企業缺乏各(ge)種(zhong)監督制度(du),沒有(you)(you)(you)設立基本的(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)審計機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)或人員,甚(shen)至連簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)牽制制度(du)也不(bu)(bu)要,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)企業雖然相應的(de)(de)(de)監督制度(du)和(he)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)比較健(jian)全(quan),但卻不(bu)(bu)落實、不(bu)(bu)執(zhi)行制度(du)、不(bu)(bu)按制度(du)考核,使(shi)其不(bu)(bu)能發揮(hui)其制約、監督作(zuo)用。財(cai)產物(wu)資管(guan)(guan)理制度(du)不(bu)(bu)全(quan),賬物(wu)保管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)善,使(shi)財(cai)物(wu)大量流失(shi),化公為(wei)私。如:財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制尚(shang)未形成覆蓋各(ge)個(ge)部(bu)(bu)門和(he)環節的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統,還有(you)(you)(you)薄弱點和(he)空白點;財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)規章、制度(du)和(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)規程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)貫徹落實不(bu)(bu)夠(gou),互相銜接也不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)嚴密;管(guan)(guan)理力(li)(li)度(du)層(ceng)層(ceng)遞(di)減,管(guan)(guan)理效(xiao)應層(ceng)層(ceng)弱化。理論上(shang)忽(hu)視對(dui)企業財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制及其風險的(de)(de)(de)研究,誤導財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)理實際工(gong)作(zuo)對(dui)財(cai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)忽(hu)和(he)松(song)懈。

2.存貨的日(ri)常管理與控制問(wen)題

電(dian)(dian)力(li)安裝企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)不同(tong)于其(qi)他(ta)行(xing)業(ye)(ye),由于電(dian)(dian)力(li)安裝企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)具體施工過程(cheng)中具有較強的(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)環(huan)境經常處(chu)于變動(dong)(dong)之中,尤其(qi)是(shi)施工現場的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)環(huan)境更是(shi)多變,給(gei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)帶(dai)來(lai)了較大(da)難度。同(tong)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)力(li)建筑產(chan)品無(wu)法(fa)批量生產(chan),造(zao)成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)對象不穩定,產(chan)品類型(xing)變化(hua)頻繁。存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)總是(shi)處(chu)在不斷流(liu)(liu)轉(zhuan)過程(cheng)之中,具有較強的(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)和(he)潛在損失的(de)可能性(xing)。加強存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)購進、耗用(yong)、銷售的(de)監控(kong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)對保證存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)安全(quan)、促進存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)正常周轉(zhuan)、最大(da)限(xian)度地獲取商品,實(shi)現企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利潤最大(da)化(hua)具有重大(da)意義。對電(dian)(dian)力(li)安裝企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)來(lai)說,它的(de)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)范圍很(hen)大(da)很(hen)廣,這就給(gei)財務(wu)控(kong)制帶(dai)來(lai)了難度。不少管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)者(zhe)對原材料、半成(cheng)品、固定資(zi)產(chan)等(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)不到位,出(chu)了問題也不嚴肅追究(jiu),由此造(zao)成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)產(chan)浪費(fei)嚴重。另外企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)大(da)量庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)品占用(yong)了大(da)量資(zi)金(jin),造(zao)成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)金(jin)呆滯,周轉(zhuan)不靈。

3.貨幣(bi)資(zi)金的日常管理與控制問題

對于電(dian)力(li)(li)安(an)(an)裝企(qi)業(ye)來說, 有些企(qi)業(ye)在現(xian)(xian)金(jin)充足時,往(wang)往(wang)缺乏有利(li)的投資(zi)方向(xiang)和項目(mu)(mu)儲備(bei),造(zao)成資(zi)金(jin)閑置和浪費(fei),或企(qi)業(ye)資(zi)金(jin)使(shi)用缺少計劃安(an)(an)排,過(guo)量購置不(bu)動產,因此企(qi)業(ye)無法應付經營急(ji)需的資(zi)金(jin),從而陷(xian)入財務(wu)困境。同時,由(you)于電(dian)力(li)(li)安(an)(an)裝企(qi)業(ye)具有周期(qi)長、項目(mu)(mu)多、分包轉包現(xian)(xian)象普(pu)遍等經營特點,使(shi)得它的貨幣資(zi)金(jin)流動性比(bi)一般(ban)(ban)企(qi)業(ye)更(geng)強,比(bi)一般(ban)(ban)企(qi)業(ye)更(geng)難(nan)控制。例如(ru)工(gong)作(zuo)人員個人原(yuan)因造(zao)成的失(shi)誤,工(gong)作(zuo)人員合伙舞弊或者與(yu)外界串通損公肥私,管理人員或不(bu)能正確使(shi)用權(quan)力(li)(li),都(dou)可能給單位(wei)造(zao)成巨大經濟損失(shi)。

三、加強電力(li)安裝(zhuang)企業財(cai)務內部控(kong)制的措施(shi)

1.加強(qiang)企業財務內部(bu)控制

企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財(cai)務內部(bu)控制(zhi)對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財(cai)務管理(li)目標的(de)(de)實現(xian)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財(cai)產的(de)(de)安(an)全有(you)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)直(zhi)接影響,建立(li)科學、嚴(yan)密(mi)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財(cai)務內部(bu)控制(zhi)制(zhi)度是安(an)全、有(you)效的(de)(de)財(cai)務管理(li)的(de)(de)基礎。應(ying)在(zai)會計部(bu)門內設(she)立(li)一(yi)個具(ju)有(you)相應(ying)職務的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)崗位(wei),配備(bei)責(ze)任(ren)心強(qiang),工作(zuo)能力全面的(de)(de)人(ren)員擔(dan)任(ren)此職,把(ba)握住關鍵(jian)部(bu)位(wei),審批(pi)程序、資金調度、交接手續、電腦操作(zuo)密(mi)碼等;要(yao)(yao)(yao)管好關鍵(jian)物件(jian),如(ru)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)發票(piao)、銀(yin)行(xing)票(piao)據、印鑒等;要(yao)(yao)(yao)控制(zhi)住關鍵(jian)工作(zuo)崗位(wei),如(ru)現(xian)金銀(yin)行(xing)出納、收支(zhi)事項(xiang)及憑(ping)證的(de)(de)

核(he)準、實物負(fu)責人等。同時,也(ye)要加強健全內(nei)部監督制度, 主要是要求參與經濟業務事(shi)項(xiang)的(de)所有(you)過程的(de)工作人員要相(xiang)互分(fen)離, 相(xiang)互制約; 重(zhong)要經濟事(shi)項(xiang)的(de)決策和(he)執行要明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)相(xiang)互監督、相(xiang)互制約的(de)程序(xu); 明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)財(cai)產(chan)清查(cha)范(fan)圍(wei)、期限和(he)組織程序(xu); 明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)(que)對會計(ji)資料定期進行內(nei)部審計(ji)的(de)程序(xu)。

2.加強企業各(ge)部門和各(ge)環節的內部牽(qian)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度

電力安裝企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)具體業(ye)務進行分工(gong)時(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)能由一個部(bu)門(men)或(huo)一個人完成(cheng)一項業(ye)務的(de)(de)全過程,而必須(xu)有其(qi)他部(bu)門(men)或(huo)人員參與(yu),并且(qie)與(yu)之銜接的(de)(de)部(bu)門(men)能自動地(di)對(dui)前面已完成(cheng)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)性(xing)檢查。這樣有利(li)于(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)實行崗位(wei)責(ze)任制,可以防(fang)止弊端,確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)企(qi)業(ye)財(cai)產安全,有助于(yu)(yu)提高財(cai)會(hui)工(gong)作(zuo)效率,防(fang)止和(he)糾(jiu)正(zheng)(zheng)差(cha)錯。它(ta)由適(shi)當授權、不(bu)(bu)相容工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)責(ze)任分工(gong)、憑證和(he)記錄、接近控制、獨立檢查等環節(jie)組成(cheng)。包(bao)括上、下級之間(jian)的(de)(de)互相制約、相關(guan)部(bu)門(men)之間(jian)的(de)(de)相互制約,如會(hui)計信息(xi)收集、歸類(lei)過程中(zhong)(zhong),除(chu)了編制憑單外(wai),還規定(ding)須(xu)有復核并由財(cai)會(hui)主管(guan)審批(pi);又(you)如現(xian)金(jin)流轉業(ye)務中(zhong)(zhong),現(xian)金(jin)收支的(de)(de)審批(pi)、收入和(he)支出(chu)、印鑒的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)、記賬(zhang)等業(ye)務應分工(gong)管(guan)理(li),互相牽制。在(zai)(zai)內(nei)部(bu)牽制中(zhong)(zhong),工(gong)作(zuo)輪(lun)換(huan)制是其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容之一,根據(ju)不(bu)(bu)同崗位(wei)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)理(li)系統中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)程度,明確(que)(que)規定(ding)并嚴格控制員工(gong)在(zai)(zai)崗位(wei)的(de)(de)任職時(shi)(shi)間(jian),對(dui)關(guan)鍵崗位(wei)應輪(lun)換(huan)頻繁一些(xie),次要(yao)的(de)(de)崗位(wei)可少一些(xie),從(cong)輪(lun)換(huan)中(zhong)(zhong)暴露出(chu)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問題,揭(jie)示出(chu)制度的(de)(de)缺陷、管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)缺陷。

3.加強固定(ding)資產及存貨的(de)管理與(yu)控(kong)制

在存貨(huo)(huo)(huo)采購(gou)(gou)業務(wu)的(de)(de)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)中, 明確(que)企業員工業務(wu)處理(li)權(quan)限和應(ying)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)(ren),針(zhen)對一般業務(wu)和重(zhong)要業務(wu)實行(xing)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)監督方法,一般業務(wu)要經過(guo)復核,重(zhong)要業務(wu)最好實行(xing)雙(shuang)簽制(zhi),防止個人(ren)(ren)獨立處理(li)業務(wu)的(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng),采購(gou)(gou)合同(tong)(tong)應(ying)由采購(gou)(gou)部(bu)門(men)(men)、生產部(bu)門(men)(men)、銷(xiao)售部(bu)門(men)(men)、財(cai)務(wu)部(bu)門(men)(men)會(hui)同(tong)(tong)供(gong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)單位共同(tong)(tong)簽訂,進行(xing)合同(tong)(tong)評(ping)審(shen);采購(gou)(gou)人(ren)(ren)員不(bu)(bu)能同(tong)(tong)時負責(ze)存貨(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)驗(yan)收保(bao)管;存貨(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)采購(gou)(gou)、保(bao)管、使(shi)用、記錄由不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren)員完成,會(hui)計(ji)人(ren)(ren)員不(bu)(bu)能同(tong)(tong)時負責(ze)經濟業務(wu)各環節的(de)(de)工作。這(zhe)樣才(cai)能加(jia)強存貨(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)購(gou)(gou)進、耗用、銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)監控(kong)管理(li),對保(bao)證存貨(huo)(huo)(huo)安全、促進存貨(huo)(huo)(huo)正常周轉(zhuan)、最大限度地獲(huo)取商(shang)品,實現企業利潤(run)最大化具有重(zhong)大意義(yi)。減(jian)少投資風險,保(bao)證固定(ding)資產的(de)(de)安全完整、合理(li)使(shi)用、正確(que)計(ji)價(jia)及合理(li)計(ji)提折舊(jiu),必須在采購(gou)(gou)、驗(yan)收、調(diao)出、出租、修(xiu)理(li)、報廢清理(li)等業務(wu)環節中明確(que)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren)員承(cheng)擔(dan)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)工作任(ren)(ren)務(wu)。

4.加強(qiang)貨幣資(zi)金的管理與控(kong)制

貨(huo)(huo)幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金收付人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)與記(ji)賬人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)和負(fu)責(ze)審批人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)分工負(fu)責(ze),各司(si)其職、互(hu)相制(zhi)約。貨(huo)(huo)幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金的(de)收付及(ji)保管應被授權的(de)專(zhuan)職出(chu)納人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)負(fu)責(ze),其他人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)不得(de)接觸;出(chu)納人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)不能同(tong)時負(fu)責(ze)總分類賬和非貨(huo)(huo)幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金賬的(de)登記(ji)和保管;貨(huo)(huo)幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金的(de)收付和控制(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金收支的(de)專(zhuan)用印章不得(de)由一人(ren)(ren)(ren)兼管;建立出(chu)納人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、會計人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、稽核人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)、會計檔(dang)案(an)保管人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)貨(huo)(huo)幣資(zi)(zi)(zi)金清查人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)責(ze)任制(zhi)度。

參考文獻:

[1] 張(zhang)靜,談企業內部控制制度的(de)建立[J],企業研究,2002,10

[2]朱容(rong)恩,建立和(he)完(wan)善內部控制的思考[J],會計研究,2001,1

篇7

北(bei)京(jing)大學(xue)光華管理(li)學(xue)院是(shi)全國知(zhi)(zhi)名的(de)財經學(xue)院,其MPAcc中心更是(shi)集中了眾多知(zhi)(zhi)名學(xue)者教(jiao)授。他們不但自身(shen)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)淵博(bo),在講(jiang)課(ke)方式和(he)課(ke)程的(de)設計、安排上也是(shi)獨具匠心,非常(chang)貼近企業的(de)實際工作。

以這次內(nei)部控制(zhi)研(yan)(yan)討(tao)(tao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)為例。這本是一(yi)次王(wang)立彥老師講授《企業內(nei)部控制(zhi)及內(nei)部審計》的最(zui)后一(yi)堂課(ke)。王(wang)老師打破常規,采用了研(yan)(yan)討(tao)(tao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的形式。研(yan)(yan)討(tao)(tao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的主題(ti)為:多維視(shi)角(jiao)下(xia)的企業內(nei)部控制(zhi)。

研(yan)討會分(fen)(fen)為(wei)主題演講(jiang)和案(an)例研(yan)討兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。演講(jiang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)邀請中(zhong)天恒管理咨詢公司總經理李三(san)喜作了(le)題為(wei)“內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與風險管理的(de)(de)(de)融合之道(dao)”的(de)(de)(de)演講(jiang)。李三(san)喜先生多年(nian)致力于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)財務管理咨詢工作,尤其是(shi)對(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)特點和內控(kong)(kong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)歷程有(you)自(zi)己獨(du)到的(de)(de)(de)認識,并建(jian)(jian)立了(le)一(yi)套稱作“中(zhong)國(guo)式全面控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)內控(kong)(kong)理論體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。其觀點認為(wei),由(you)于中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發展階段(duan)和特點與西方(fang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)全盤照(zhao)搬西方(fang)那一(yi)套,尤其是(shi)按照(zhao)美國(guo)薩(sa)班斯法(fa)案(an)建(jian)(jian)立內控(kong)(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)如果不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)在美上市(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)需要完(wan)全按此來(lai)建(jian)(jian)立自(zi)己企(qi)業(ye)(ye)內控(kong)(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi),因(yin)為(wei)按照(zhao)完(wan)全按照(zhao)這(zhe)個體(ti)系(xi)(xi)來(lai)做,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)將會花費巨大,實(shi)際作用也并不(bu)(bu)(bu)明顯。他建(jian)(jian)議,中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應根據(ju)實(shi)際情況參照(zhao)薩(sa)班斯法(fa)案(an),有(you)所取(qu)舍,來(lai)建(jian)(jian)立自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)內控(kong)(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。

另一個(ge)演講人是中(zhong)(zhong)國人壽(shou)再保險(xian)股(gu)份有限公(gong)司(si)的(de)劉陽(yang)。他(ta)是北大MPAcc班的(de)學(xue)(xue)生,恰(qia)好他(ta)們公(gong)司(si)正在(zai)建立(li)自己的(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制體(ti)系,而劉陽(yang)在(zai)公(gong)司(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)負(fu)責實施(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控體(ti)系建設,真正的(de)理論與實際相結(jie)合(he)。他(ta)結(jie)合(he)企業實踐,講述了(le)再保險(xian)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控體(ti)系建中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)做法和(he)經驗,并與同學(xue)(xue)們分享了(le)他(ta)在(zai)實施(shi)公(gong)司(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制體(ti)系建設中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)感(gan)想和(he)收獲。

在案(an)例研討部分,圍繞煤氣化股份公司在其2007年(nian)3月披露的2006年(nian)報中主(zhu)動、自(zi)愿披露相關的內(nei)部控制報告,學生們(men)分成三組,分別扮演投資者、審計(ji)師和監管機構,對這個案(an)例中的內(nei)部控制情況進行闡釋。

第一(yi)(yi)組中來自北方工業公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的王慶康同學,從投(tou)資(zi)者角度闡述(shu)了對案例的理解。他(ta)認(ren)為(wei),公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)此舉是(shi)為(wei)了向投(tou)資(zi)者傳遞一(yi)(yi)個信(xin)號:公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制是(shi)完(wan)善的,公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)是(shi)值得(de)信(xin)賴(lai)的。但他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)其的內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制報(bao)(bao)告也存在(zai)很多(duo)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti):一(yi)(yi)是(shi)缺(que)乏明確的標準(zhun),報(bao)(bao)告體系(xi)不夠清(qing)晰,報(bao)(bao)告涵蓋的范(fan)圍狹窄。二是(shi)報(bao)(bao)告內(nei)容不夠完(wan)整。更重要的是(shi)報(bao)(bao)告回避了該公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)重大(da)(da)的內(nei)控(kong)(kong)缺(que)陷――一(yi)(yi)股獨大(da)(da),關聯交易問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。在(zai)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)治(zhi)理體系(xi)上(shang)存在(zai)嚴重問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。他(ta)的結論(lun)是(shi),公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)為(wei)提高財務報(bao)(bao)告可靠性所做的努(nu)力值得(de)肯定(ding),但由于公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)本身(shen)存在(zai)重大(da)(da)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)治(zhi)理問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti),所以不能消除投(tou)資(zi)者對內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制的疑慮(lv)。

第二組(zu)來自(zi)北京地鐵運營公司的(de)(de)梁清同學從審計機構的(de)(de)角度談了自(zi)己的(de)(de)想法(fa)。她(ta)(ta)首先講了審計師如何出具具體(ti)(ti)審計報告,工(gong)作流程,簡要介紹(shao)了我(wo)國的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)相關規(gui)定(ding)。接著她(ta)(ta)談了對該公司的(de)(de)建(jian)議:明晰產權(quan),調整產權(quan)結構,實行股權(quan)多元(yuan)化和資本主體(ti)(ti)多元(yuan)化;規(gui)范完善(shan)董事(shi)會制度,完善(shan)審計委員會的(de)(de)相關制度。

第三(san)組來自(zi)盧海華同學從(cong)監管(guan)者的角(jiao)度談了(le)看法(fa)和建(jian)議。他認為監管(guan)者應著重(zhong)從(cong)以(yi)下三(san)個方面(mian)加強管(guan)理:一是完善具體實施(shi)規范(fan);二是加強監管(guan);三(san)是加大(da)處罰力度,增加違法(fa)成本。

最后,《新理財》雜(za)志副總編輯王大(da)力先生和北(bei)京語言大(da)學(xue)國(guo)際商學(xue)院會計系主任杜美杰(jie)對案例做了點(dian)評。通過三組同學(xue)闡釋和嘉賓的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)評,使同學(xue)們對煤氣(qi)化公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)內控狀況以及目前我國(guo)內部(bu)控制的(de)(de)(de)整體有了進一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)了解(jie),加(jia)深了對課堂(tang)上老(lao)師講解(jie)內容的(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)。

篇8

中國(guo)行業(ye)信(xin)息化標(biao)桿企業(ye)獎

行(xing)業信息化領軍人(ren)物獎

■獲獎點評

迪博首創性(xing)地推(tui)出以“IT+咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)+知識(shi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)”交互驅動的(de)創新(xin)業務(wu)新(xin)型模式,IT、咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)和知識(shi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)三駕馬車并駕齊(qi)驅,既相(xiang)互支持(chi)又獨立運營,塑造了極具迪博特(te)色(se)的(de)運營模式和企業文(wen)化,開(kai)創了內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)與全(quan)面(mian)風險管理領域的(de)先(xian)河(he)。IT系(xi)(xi)統運用計算機(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和通信技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)務(wu)和知識(shi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)支持(chi)并將其(qi)成果(guo)固化,為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)質量和知識(shi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)效率(lv)搭建專業性(xing)極強(qiang)、信息(xi)量極大的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)軟件平臺;咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)務(wu)為(wei)IT系(xi)(xi)統提(ti)供(gong)系(xi)(xi)統設計的(de)框架的(de)同(tong)時(shi)也為(wei)知識(shi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)積(ji)累(lei)實踐經驗;知識(shi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)為(wei)IT系(xi)(xi)統提(ti)供(gong)基礎數據和方法論支撐(cheng),為(wei)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)務(wu)提(ti)供(gong)理論支持(chi),成為(wei)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)服(fu)務(wu)和IT系(xi)(xi)統間(jian)的(de)橋梁。

深圳市(shi)迪博(bo)企(qi)業(ye)風險管(guan)理技(ji)術有限(xian)公司(下文簡(jian)稱迪博(bo))成立于(yu)2001年,是中國本土成立的(de)第一家內部控制與全(quan)面風險管(guan)理解決方案提供(gong)商,現已在(zai)深圳、北京、武漢、上海四地(di)設(she)立辦公室,主要(yao)致(zhi)力于(yu)為上市(shi)公司及大中型企(qi)業(ye)提供(gong)內部控制與全(quan)面風險管(guan)理的(de)軟(ruan)件、咨(zi)詢(xun)和(he)行業(ye)風險數據庫(ku)等高(gao)端產品及服務。

高瞻遠引領內控的發展(zhan)

在大多數人對(dui)(dui)“內(nei)部控制”這個名(ming)詞還很陌生,不知實施內(nei)部控制體系的(de)價值何在時,迪博董(dong)事長胡為卻(que)已前瞻性地(di)預料到內(nei)部控制對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業的(de)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)以及資本市場規范運作的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性,率先跨(kua)入了內(nei)部控制與全面(mian)風(feng)險管理領(ling)域的(de)研發(fa)與創新工作之(zhi)中(zhong),帶領(ling)迪搏團隊(dui)成(cheng)為該領(ling)域的(de)領(ling)軍者。

胡為民畢業于(yu)中歐(ou)國(guo)際工商(shang)學(xue)院,現任中山大學(xue)管理(li)學(xue)院兼職導師(shi)、深圳證(zheng)券(quan)交(jiao)易所創業培訓中心講師(shi)、2010年(nian)財(cai)(cai)政部(bu)(bu)高級(ji)會計(ji)師(shi)命題(ti)組專家成員,曾(ceng)參與(yu)財(cai)(cai)政部(bu)(bu)、證(zheng)監會、審計(ji)署、銀監會和(he)保監會五(wu)部(bu)(bu)委的《企(qi)業內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基本規范》和(he)《企(qi)業內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配套指引》的起草與(yu)審定;主(zhu)持及(ji)(ji)參與(yu)了多項關于(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)全面風險管理(li)的專項的課(ke)題(ti),包括:財(cai)(cai)政部(bu)(bu)全國(guo)重點會計(ji)科研課(ke)題(ti)“中國(guo)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指數研究”、國(guo)家自然科學(xue)基金課(ke)題(ti)“上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)投(tou)資者保護(hu)”、財(cai)(cai)政部(bu)(bu)課(ke)題(ti)“信(xin)息技術(shu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指引及(ji)(ji)典型案(an)例(li)研究”、“關聯(lian)交(jiao)易內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指引及(ji)(ji)典型案(an)例(li)研究”和(he)“企(qi)業并購(gou)以及(ji)(ji)對子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指引與(yu)典型案(an)例(li)研究”;主(zhu)持研究2008、2009、2010、2011年(nian)中國(guo)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白皮書,并著(zhu)有《內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)企(qi)業風險管理(li)――實(shi)務(wu)操(cao)作指南》、《內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)企(qi)業風險管理(li)――觀(guan)案(an)例(li)與(yu)評析》、《上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)務(wu)》、《中國(guo)上(shang)市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指數研究》等書。

創新內控解決方案模式

十年如一(yi)日,迪博(bo)公司專(zhuan)注于內部控制與(yu)全面(mian)風險(xian)管理(li)領域的研究(jiu)與(yu)創新,并(bing)在(zai)2009年獲得(de)“雙軟(ruan)”(軟(ruan)件(jian)企(qi)業和軟(ruan)件(jian)產品)的認(ren)證,2011年獲得(de)國家高新技術企(qi)業認(ren)證。

公司的“IT+咨(zi)詢+知(zhi)識開發”既可以(yi)為企業客戶(hu)提(ti)供全方(fang)(fang)位、多功能的整體解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)(fang)案,也(ye)可以(yi)依據企業客戶(hu)的需求提(ti)供針對性(xing)高、實效(xiao)性(xing)強(qiang)的獨(du)立產品與(yu)服務。到目(mu)前為止,技術開發部(bu)已成(cheng)功搭建(jian)IC-ERM內部(bu)控(kong)制與(yu)全面風(feng)險管理平(ping)臺(tai)(tai),其中包括IC-ERM構建(jian)系統(tong)、IC-ERM系統(tong)、IC-ERM評價(jia)系統(tong)、IC-ERM審計系統(tong)、IC-ERM優化(hua)系統(tong)、IC-ERM預警(jing)系統(tong)和PD建(jian)模軟件。對此平(ping)臺(tai)(tai),客戶(hu)贊譽有加,該平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)被廣泛使用。

咨(zi)詢(xun)事業(ye)(ye)部(bu)為(wei)客戶提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)風險管理、內(nei)部(bu)控制、內(nei)部(bu)審計(ji)、合規咨(zi)詢(xun)、流程(cheng)建設、流程(cheng)優(you)化、盡職(zhi)調(diao)查、專項(xiang)報告、業(ye)(ye)務持續(xu)性(xing)管理、系統安(an)全和系統審計(ji)等專業(ye)(ye)服務,現已幫助逾百(bai)家上市公(gong)司(si)和大中型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)優(you)化了(le)(le)(le)內(nei)部(bu)結構,完(wan)善了(le)(le)(le)公(gong)司(si)治(zhi)理,增強(qiang)了(le)(le)(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)核心競爭力(li),其專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務技能與良(liang)好的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)素養得(de)到客戶的(de)(de)高度(du)評價。口口相傳下,美譽(yu)度(du)不斷增加,與客戶的(de)(de)合作項(xiang)目都得(de)到了(le)(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)延續(xu)性(xing)發展。

知識(shi)開發(fa)部(bu)的團隊(dui)由多(duo)個(ge)領(ling)域的資(zi)深專家組成,現(xian)已研(yan)發(fa)出國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外的行業風險數據庫,連續四年了(le)中國(guo)(guo)上(shang)市公司(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)白皮(pi)書(shu),并首次公布了(le)反映我(wo)國(guo)(guo)所有(you)上(shang)市公司(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)水平(ping)與(yu)風險管理能力的迪(di)博?中國(guo)(guo)上(shang)市公司(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)指(zhi)數,該(gai)指(zhi)數的不僅彌補了(le)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)關于內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)定量(liang)評價研(yan)究的空(kong)白,在國(guo)(guo)際上(shang)也屬首創,由此標志我(wo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)步入(ru)量(liang)化時代。

目(mu)前,迪博已(yi)為(wei)高端(duan)(duan)制造、建筑、能源、軍(jun)工、礦業、地產、交通運(yun)輸、電力(li)、金(jin)融等多(duo)個行(xing)業提(ti)(ti)供(gong)內部控(kong)制與全面風(feng)險管理解決方(fang)案,服務企(qi)業近(jin)百家(jia)。已(yi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)服務的客(ke)戶中約10%為(wei)世界500強企(qi)業,約50%為(wei)中國500強,其中包括高端(duan)(duan)制造行(xing)業、綜合建筑行(xing)業、能源行(xing)業中等。

IC-ERM內(nei)控信息化(hua)落地

迪博現(xian)已完成的DIB IC-ERM內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)全面(mian)(mian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)(簡(jian)稱:IC-ERM))是致(zhi)力為中國上市公司和大中型企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)全面(mian)(mian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)信息(xi)化建設的管(guan)理(li)軟件(jian)。它基于《中央企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全面(mian)(mian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)指引》、《企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)基本規范》及(ji)《企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)配套指引》等框架(jia)體(ti)系,總結大量領域專家實(shi)踐經驗,采用先進的SOA體(ti)系架(jia)構和Java EE技術架(jia)構,實(shi)現(xian)了涵蓋(gai)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)全面(mian)(mian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)系的構建、、評(ping)價、審計、優(you)化、預警六大核心(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務系統(tong),同時提(ti)供一(yi)系列工具(ju)軟件(jian)和知(zhi)識類(lei)插件(jian)應用,為企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)供一(yi)體(ti)化內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)(yu)全面(mian)(mian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)的IT解(jie)決方案。

針(zhen)對目前(qian)我國企(qi)業風(feng)險管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中內(nei)容和(he)流(liu)程(cheng)不完善、不規范,風(feng)險決(jue)策(ce)分(fen)析構建(jian)系(xi)統(tong)缺乏科學技術方(fang)法,造成風(feng)險管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)內(nei)部控制管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)混亂,IC-ERM提供了(le)內(nei)控控制與風(feng)險管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)的(de)構建(jian)、、評價、審計(ji)、優化、預(yu)警一體化解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案。

系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)對(dui)企(qi)業內部(bu)控制(zhi)和風險管理過程(cheng)中(zhong)各個階段(比(bi)如構(gou)建(jian)、評(ping)價、預(yu)警、優化、審(shen)計(ji))建(jian)設成果展(zhan)現的(de)(de)(de)業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。評(ping)價系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)對(dui)企(qi)業設計(ji)與運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)有效性進行(xing)全面監督,跟(gen)蹤缺陷整改(gai),形成結(jie)論,出具評(ping)價報告的(de)(de)(de)業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。審(shen)計(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)第三方審(shen)計(ji)機構(gou)對(dui)企(qi)業設計(ji)與運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)有效性進行(xing)審(shen)計(ji),提供所需(xu)證據,出具管理聲明,披露審(shen)計(ji)報告的(de)(de)(de)業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

篇9

【關(guan)鍵詞】內部控制 機構投資(zi)

一、機構持股比例與(yu)內部控制有效性的(de)理論基礎

(一)機(ji)構投資者持股(gu)

機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)引(yin)入能(neng)夠緩解由(you)于(yu)(yu)股(gu)權(quan)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)分(fen)散所引(yin)起(qi)的(de)“免費搭(da)車”問(wen)題,可以(yi)加強公(gong)司(si)內部(bu)監督機(ji)制(Shleifer,Vishny,1986)。機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資者(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)夠通過(guo)對上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)監督和控制,制約并處理(li)一些問(wen)題(Maug,1998)。李向前(qian)(2002)認為,當機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資者(zhe)(zhe)在上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)持股(gu)比(bi)例越高時,對上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)管理(li)層(ceng)進行監督的(de)成(cheng)本就會越低,從而更有(you)動力(li)對上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)管理(li)層(ceng)的(de)行為及相關制度(du)進行監督,提高公(gong)司(si)價值。Chakravarty(2001)發(fa)現,機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資者(zhe)(zhe)較高的(de)持股(gu)比(bi)例能(neng)夠使(shi)其有(you)更多(duo)的(de)機(ji)會接觸(chu)到有(you)效信息。通過(guo)對收入成(cheng)本模型的(de)分(fen)析,蔡玉龍(long)(2005)指(zhi)出(chu),機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)加入可以(yi)推動對上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)治理(li)和相關制度(du)更有(you)效的(de)監督。

(二)內部控制(zhi)有效性(xing)影響因素

張穎(ying)、鄭洪濤(2010)認為(wei),企(qi)業發展(zhan)階(jie)(jie)段、資產(chan)規(gui)模、財務狀況和(he)企(qi)業發展(zhan)理(li)念等(deng)會(hui)對(dui)(dui)公司產(chan)生影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),而(er)三(san)個最重(zhong)要的(de)因(yin)素分別(bie)是(shi)審計委員(yuan)會(hui)的(de)工作質量(liang)、實際控(kong)制(zhi)人屬(shu)性(xing)和(he)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權集(ji)中(zhong)度(du)。曹(cao)建(jian)新等(deng)(2009)認為(wei),內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)有(you)效性(xing)高的(de)公司,其(qi)特點為(wei)規(gui)模較大、第一(yi)大股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東持股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)比例較高、控(kong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東為(wei)國有(you)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東和(he)經營(ying)利潤為(wei)正(zheng)數等(deng)。吳(wu)益(yi)兵等(deng)(2009)指出,公司規(gui)模、經營(ying)情(qing)況、盈(ying)利水平及(ji)企(qi)業未(wei)來發展(zhan)前(qian)景對(dui)(dui)公司內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)有(you)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),機構投資者持股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)比例、控(kong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東和(he)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權集(ji)中(zhong)度(du)等(deng)都會(hui)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)產(chan)生很大影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。楊有(you)紅等(deng)(2011)研究得出,法律(lv)規(gui)定、市場發展(zhan)階(jie)(jie)段與股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東性(xing)質的(de)差異能夠(gou)對(dui)(dui)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)鑒(jian)證報告的(de)披露有(you)闡釋作用。曹(cao)建(jian)新等(deng)(2011)指出,增加(jia)機構投資者可以加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)管理(li)層的(de)監督,從而(er)達到(dao)改善其(qi)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)治(zhi)理(li)機制(zhi)和(he)結構,提高內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)有(you)效性(xing)的(de)目的(de)。

(三)內部控制有效性的衡量

Hermanson(2000)指出(chu),披(pi)(pi)露(lu)(lu)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鑒證(zheng)報告(gao)能(neng)(neng)促進(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)對內(nei)控(kong)系統(tong)進(jin)行完善,為(wei)投(tou)資者(zhe)提供有(you)(you)助于決策的信息(xi)。Bronson(2006)認為(wei),對含有(you)(you)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)陳述(shu)的內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鑒證(zheng)報告(gao)進(jin)行披(pi)(pi)露(lu)(lu),雖然給公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和(he)(he)管理(li)層帶來了(le)一定程度的法律責任,但同時也(ye)向(xiang)投(tou)資者(zhe)發(fa)出(chu)了(le)積極信息(xi),使投(tou)資者(zhe)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行區(qu)別對待,增(zeng)強對公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的信任感(gan)。林斌和(he)(he)饒靜(jing)(2009)的研究(jiu)顯示,投(tou)資者(zhe)希望(wang)了(le)解更(geng)多關于上(shang)(shang)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的信息(xi),但這(zhe)樣的訴求在(zai)信息(xi)不對稱的情況下很(hen)難實現(xian)。因此,根據信號傳遞理(li)論,投(tou)資者(zhe)會(hui)認為(wei),當上(shang)(shang)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)越強時,就越有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)去(qu)披(pi)(pi)露(lu)(lu)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鑒證(zheng)報告(gao)。楊德明(ming)等(deng)(2009)指出(chu),如果上(shang)(shang)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)愿意對內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)鑒證(zheng)報告(gao)進(jin)行披(pi)(pi)露(lu)(lu),則能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)反映出(chu)此公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)擁有(you)(you)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。楊玉(yu)鳳等(deng)(2010)認為(wei),顯性(xing)成本在(zai)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信息(xi)進(jin)行披(pi)(pi)露(lu)(lu)后并沒有(you)(you)顯著降低(di),但隱性(xing)成本卻(que)很(hen)大程度地降低(di)了(le)。

二、研(yan)究問題與思路

1.問題的(de)提出。現有的(de)研究(jiu)結(jie)果顯示,股權制衡、股東(dong)性(xing)質、公(gong)司治理結(jie)構、高(gao)管薪酬(chou)、盈(ying)利(li)能(neng)力、公(gong)司規模及發展前景等(deng)因(yin)素都是公(gong)司內部(bu)控(kong)制有效性(xing)的(de)影響因(yin)素,而機(ji)構持(chi)股比例(li)會對其產生一(yi)定的(de)附加效應。那么,較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)機(ji)構投資者持(chi)股比例(li)能(neng)否(fou)解釋較(jiao)好的(de)公(gong)司內部(bu)控(kong)制有效性(xing),這就需要進(jin)行相關研究(jiu)來檢驗。

2.研(yan)(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)路。本文的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究思(si)路為,選取(qu)三家在同一(yi)板(ban)塊、同一(yi)行(xing)(xing)業、財務狀況(kuang)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)、成(cheng)長性良好(hao)(hao)(hao)、具有(you)(you)不同機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)者持(chi)股情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)市公司(si)(si),通過對其機(ji)構(gou)持(chi)股比例情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)和內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制有(you)(you)效(xiao)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)描述與(yu)對比,對較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)者持(chi)股比例能否解釋較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公司(si)(si)內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制有(you)(you)效(xiao)性這一(yi)問題進行(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究分析。本文的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)期結果為,如果上(shang)市公司(si)(si)擁(yong)有(you)(you)越高的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)者持(chi)股比例,其內(nei)部控(kong)(kong)制就(jiu)越有(you)(you)效(xiao)。

3.樣本選取與數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)來(lai)(lai)源。本文以2010―2012年深圳(zhen)證券(quan)交易所(suo)創業板(ban)三(san)家環(huan)保(bao)(bao)類上市公(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)為案(an)例研(yan)(yan)究對象。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)財政部(bu)(bu)等五部(bu)(bu)委出臺的(de)《企業內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)指引(yin)》(以下簡稱《配(pei)(pei)套(tao)指引(yin)》)及實(shi)施(shi)時間表(biao),境內(nei)外(wai)同時上市公(gong)司(si)(si)和(he)(he)主板(ban)上市公(gong)司(si)(si)已經(jing)開始強制(zhi)施(shi)行《配(pei)(pei)套(tao)指引(yin)》,但中小板(ban)和(he)(he)創業板(ban)還處于擇(ze)機(ji)實(shi)施(shi)的(de)狀態(tai)。因(yin)此(ci),創業板(ban)上市公(gong)司(si)(si)在內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)方面還具有(you)一定的(de)自(zi)主性(xing),這(zhe)使得(de)(de)本文的(de)研(yan)(yan)究樣本更具有(you)差異性(xing)與可研(yan)(yan)究性(xing)。所(suo)以,本文選擇(ze)“三(san)聚環(huan)保(bao)(bao)”、“永清(qing)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)”和(he)(he)“開能環(huan)保(bao)(bao)”三(san)家上市公(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)為案(an)例樣本。在數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)來(lai)(lai)源方面,上市公(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)控制(zhi)鑒證報告(gao)信(xin)息(xi)、機(ji)構(gou)投資者(zhe)持股(gu)(gu)情況(kuang)和(he)(he)公(gong)司(si)(si)基(ji)本經(jing)營情況(kuang)來(lai)(lai)自(zi)和(he)(he)訊網及新浪財經(jing),查(cha)閱和(he)(he)統計的(de)工作(zuo)由手(shou)工完成;資產規模、每(mei)股(gu)(gu)盈(ying)余、凈資產收益率、總(zong)股(gu)(gu)本及流通A股(gu)(gu)數(shu)(shu)等數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)由上市公(gong)司(si)(si)年度(du)審計報告(gao)中取得(de)(de)。

三、案例分析

(一)案例公司介紹(shao)

1.三聚(ju)環保(bao)(bao)。北京(jing)三聚(ju)環保(bao)(bao)新材(cai)料股份有(you)限公(gong)司(si)成立至今(jin)已十五年,主要(yao)進行基(ji)礎(chu)性能(neng)源工業(ye)企業(ye)的各種生產環節(jie)環保(bao)(bao)方面的支持服務,并于(yu)三年前在深交所創(chuang)業(ye)板上市。該公(gong)司(si)致力于(yu)打造國內、國際知名(ming)品牌(pai),是我國兩大石油企業(ye)的直(zhi)接(jie)供應(ying)商,公(gong)司(si)商標已被北京(jing)市認證為(wei)著(zhu)名(ming)品牌(pai)。

2.永(yong)清環保(bao)。湖南永(yong)清環保(bao)股份(fen)有限公司始(shi)建于(yu)九年前。作(zuo)為(wei)環保(bao)工(gong)程方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)咨詢(xun)公司,其(qi)(qi)主要服務對象為(wei)污染(ran)問題較為(wei)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)企業。作(zuo)為(wei)湖南省(sheng)內(nei)污染(ran)治(zhi)理領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)頭企業,永(yong)清環保(bao)承擔了其(qi)(qi)所(suo)在地大部(bu)分二(er)氧化硫的(de)(de)(de)減排工(gong)作(zuo),并在最近獲(huo)得(de)國家級高(gao)新技(ji)術企業的(de)(de)(de)資格。永(yong)清環保(bao)擁有國內(nei)少有的(de)(de)(de)知識產權,并于(yu)二(er)年前在深交所(suo)創業板(ban)上市。

3.開能環保(bao)。上海(hai)開能環保(bao)設備股份有(you)限公(gong)司成立于21世(shi)紀初,被(bei)評(ping)選為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)馳名商標(biao),并(bing)于二年前在深交所創業(ye)(ye)板(ban)上市(shi)。該公(gong)司主要處(chu)理的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)境內的(de)(de)居民飲用(yong)水處(chu)理業(ye)(ye)務,是(shi)(shi)相關行業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)家上市(shi)公(gong)司,同時也是(shi)(shi)這個(ge)領域的(de)(de)高新企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。開能環保(bao)生產的(de)(de)設備已(yi)經通過了歐美(mei)各(ge)國(guo)許多權威機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)認證,在業(ye)(ye)內獲得廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)好評(ping)。開能環保(bao)擁有(you)本領域中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)許多項產品專利,同時帶頭實現工(gong)廠污水的(de)(de)零排放(fang),并(bing)幫(bang)助(zhu)其(qi)他企(qi)業(ye)(ye)進行污水處(chu)理。

(二(er))案例公司(si)機構(gou)持股(gu)情況

1.三聚(ju)環保(bao)。在2011―2012年(nian)中,三聚(ju)環保(bao)總(zong)股(gu)(gu)本由于送、轉股(gu)(gu),其(qi)他上市及股(gu)(gu)份性質(zhi)變動從19 454萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)增長至38 908萬(wan)股(gu)(gu),其(qi)流(liu)通A股(gu)(gu)數(shu)量(liang)從8 995.09萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)增長至20 356.5萬(wan)股(gu)(gu),機構持股(gu)(gu)比例(li)分別為17.55%、10.83%、29.08%、23.84%、35.07%。上述期間,機構投(tou)資者(zhe)平(ping)均持股(gu)(gu)4 118.6萬(wan)股(gu)(gu),占其(qi)流(liu)通A股(gu)(gu)23.27%。

2.永清環保(bao)。在(zai)2011―2012年(nian)中,由于送(song)、轉股(gu)(gu)的影響,永清環保(bao)的總股(gu)(gu)本從6 678萬(wan)(wan)股(gu)(gu)增長(chang)至13 356萬(wan)(wan)股(gu)(gu),其流通A股(gu)(gu)數(shu)量從1 670萬(wan)(wan)股(gu)(gu)增長(chang)到3 640萬(wan)(wan)股(gu)(gu),機構持股(gu)(gu)比例分別為15.33%、24.73%、11.87%、6.59%、9.75%。上述(shu)期間,投資者平均持股(gu)(gu)346.6萬(wan)(wan)股(gu)(gu),占其流通A股(gu)(gu)13.65%。

3.開(kai)能環(huan)保(bao)。在2011―2012年中,由于其他上(shang)市(shi)、股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)份性質變動以及送、轉股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的影響,開(kai)能環(huan)保(bao)總(zong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)本(ben)從(cong)11 000萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)增(zeng)長至(zhi)14 300萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),流通A股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)數(shu)量從(cong)2 200萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)增(zeng)長至(zhi)6 726.28萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),機(ji)構持(chi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)比例分別為0.73%、0.65%、3.67%、4.84%、0%。上(shang)述期(qi)間,機(ji)構投資者(zhe)平均持(chi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)67.6萬(wan)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),占其流通A股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)1.98%。

(三)其他影(ying)響因素控(kong)制

機(ji)構(gou)投資者(zhe)有較強的(de)資金實力,一(yi)旦入股上市公司(si),對(dui)(dui)于公司(si)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)、管(guan)理等問題的(de)表決權(quan)會比較大,因此(ci)它們能夠(gou)有效表達自(zi)己的(de)意見,對(dui)(dui)公司(si)管(guan)理層(ceng)的(de)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)進(jin)行制(zhi)約,使管(guan)理層(ceng)不(bu)得不(bu)對(dui)(dui)機(ji)構(gou)投資者(zhe)的(de)意見引起重視,從而(er)對(dui)(dui)公司(si)的(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)進(jin)行更加有效的(de)監督。

(四)案例(li)公(gong)司內(nei)部控制有(you)效性情況

研究發(fa)現(xian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終結論(lun)方面,三聚(ju)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)結論(lun)三年(nian)來一(yi)直趨勢穩(wen)定(ding)、向好(從需(xu)要完(wan)善到(dao)未發(fa)現(xian)重(zhong)大缺陷);永清環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)三年(nian)中較為(wei)(wei)穩(wen)定(ding)(未發(fa)現(xian)重(zhong)大缺陷且(qie)基本展示(shi)了公(gong)(gong)司內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)建設及運轉情況(kuang));開能環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)則一(yi)直停留在(zai)(zai)(zai)較為(wei)(wei)基本的(de)(de)(de)層次,在(zai)(zai)(zai)近三年(nian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)并(bing)未有(you)顯著發(fa)展(將(jiang)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善和(he)健(jian)全(quan))。在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)鑒(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)方面,雖(sui)然國(guo)家并(bing)未在(zai)(zai)(zai)創業(ye)板上市公(gong)(gong)司強制(zhi)施行(xing)(xing)鑒(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)意(yi)見(jian)披(pi)(pi)(pi)露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),但(dan)三聚(ju)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)2010年(nian)上市以來連續三年(nian)都(dou)對內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了審計并(bing)披(pi)(pi)(pi)露(lu),嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)規定(ding)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。相比之下(xia),永清環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)有(you)效性就較為(wei)(wei)薄弱(ruo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)上市第一(yi)年(nian)只對證(zheng)(zheng)券公(gong)(gong)司內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)核(he)(he)查(cha)意(yi)見(jian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了披(pi)(pi)(pi)露(lu),并(bing)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)鑒(jian)證(zheng)(zheng),直到(dao)第二年(nian)才進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)。開能環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上市第一(yi)年(nian)甚至沒(mei)(mei)有(you)披(pi)(pi)(pi)露(lu)任(ren)何內(nei)(nei)(nei)控(kong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)和(he)鑒(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)或核(he)(he)查(cha)意(yi)見(jian),到(dao)第二年(nian)才進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)重(zhong)大關(guan)(guan)聯交易方面,經年(nian)報(bao)(bao)披(pi)(pi)(pi)露(lu),除永清環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2010年(nian)無關(guan)(guan)聯交易外,三年(nian)間(jian)三家公(gong)(gong)司雖(sui)都(dou)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)聯交易,但(dan)都(dou)是按(an)照(zhao)市場價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)交易,沒(mei)(mei)有(you)對公(gong)(gong)司及中小股東利益造成損害。在(zai)(zai)(zai)訴(su)訟(song)、違(wei)法方面,三家樣本公(gong)(gong)司均(jun)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)披(pi)(pi)(pi)露(lu)相關(guan)(guan)信(xin)息。

綜上(shang)所(suo)述,筆者認為(wei),三(san)(san)聚環(huan)保的(de)(de)情況最(zui)好,應排在首位,永清環(huan)保次之,開能環(huan)保最(zui)次,而它們的(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)持股比(bi)例(li)排序也與(yu)此相同。盡(jin)管到(dao)目(mu)前(qian)為(wei)止(zhi),研(yan)究或實踐中還沒有(you)出現普遍(bian)公認的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)指數來對(dui)公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)有(you)效性進(jin)行評判,而且以上(shang)的(de)(de)結論也可能存在巧合(he),但是基于對(dui)三(san)(san)家(jia)公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)投資(zi)者的(de)(de)持股比(bi)例(li)進(jin)行的(de)(de)分析,結合(he)信(xin)號傳遞理論可以推斷,如果上(shang)市公司(si)(si)擁有(you)越高(gao)的(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)持股比(bi)例(li),其內部(bu)(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)就越有(you)效。

四、研究結論

現有關于(yu)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究主要分布(bu)在(zai)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)披露、公司(si)治理(li)結構特(te)征(zheng)與財務報表(biao)舞弊等(deng)方面(mian),但(dan)在(zai)機構投(tou)資者持股(gu)比例(li)(li)(li)這方面(mian),卻很少有人將(jiang)其作為重要因(yin)素進行研究。本(ben)文基于(yu)對三家創業板(ban)上(shang)市(shi)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)例(li)(li)(li)研究,從機構投(tou)資者持股(gu)比例(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向闡(chan)釋了內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)上(shang)市(shi)公司(si)中有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機理(li)。研究顯示,如果上(shang)市(shi)公司(si)擁(yong)有越高的(de)(de)(de)(de)機構投(tou)資者持股(gu)比例(li)(li)(li),其內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)就越有效(xiao)(xiao)。

(作者(zhe)為會計學(xue)碩士研究生)

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[8] 曹(cao)建新,王春麗.中國(guo)上市公司(si)內部控制(zhi)有(you)效性影響因(yin)素的實(shi)證研究――以2007年(nian)A股上市公司(si)為樣本[C]//首屆內部控制(zhi)專(zhuan)題(ti)學術研討(tao)會.北京:北京工商大學,2009.

 [9] 曹建新,陳(chen)志(zhi)宇(yu).機構投資者對上市(shi)公司內部控制有(you)效性的影響研究[J].財會通訊,2011(18).

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篇10

【關鍵詞】會計控制;規范(fan)體系;實施機制;評價體系

一(yi)、是滿足上市公(gong)司內部控制(zhi)評價報(bao)告(gao)制(zhi)度要求、促(cu)進資本市場(chang)健康發展的(de)客觀(guan)需要

我們注意(yi)到,國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外關注內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),由(you)來已(yi)久(jiu),但(dan)通(tong)過法(fa)(fa)律手段(duan)推行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)(ping)價報(bao)告制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),則屬近(jin)些年(nian)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)創新。從國(guo)(guo)(guo)外看,安然(ran)、世界通(tong)信等財(cai)務舞弊案(an)(an)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴露,促使許(xu)多(duo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)紛紛通(tong)過立(li)法(fa)(fa),加強公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)會(hui)計(ji)監管和內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),比如,美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)《薩(sa)班斯—奧(ao)克(ke)(ke)斯利法(fa)(fa)案(an)(an)》,澳大利亞制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)經濟改革法(fa)(fa)案(an)(an)》。《薩(sa)班斯—奧(ao)克(ke)(ke)斯利法(fa)(fa)案(an)(an)》第404條規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)要自(zi)行(xing)評(ping)(ping)估其(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing),揭示其(qi)(qi)風險控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大弱點,并將評(ping)(ping)估結(jie)論寫入公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)年(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)財(cai)務報(bao)告。由(you)于(yu)特別關注公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄弱環節,因(yin)此, 404條又被稱為“弱點申(shen)報(bao)”。與此同時,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)所聘請的(de)(de)(de)(de)審計(ji)師,要核實公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)管理層作(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)估,并另行(xing)提(ti)(ti)出獨立(li)報(bao)告。從國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)看, 2001年(nian)10月(yue),中國(guo)(guo)(guo)證監會(hui)了(le)《關于(yu)做好(hao)證券公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)(ping)審工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知》,要求證券公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)聘請有(you)(you)證券執業(ye)(ye)資格的(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)計(ji)師事務所對公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)評(ping)(ping)審,提(ti)(ti)交評(ping)(ping)審報(bao)告;中國(guo)(guo)(guo)證監會(hui)首席會(hui)計(ji)師張為國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)2002年(nian)撰文提(ti)(ti)出,擬在(zai)3~5年(nian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)借鑒美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)《薩(sa)班斯—奧(ao)克(ke)(ke)斯利法(fa)(fa)案(an)(an)》中有(you)(you)關完善上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及其(qi)(qi)報(bao)告制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)(fa)。推行(xing)上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)(ping)價制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),其(qi)(qi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)是(shi)(shi)必須先建立(li)一(yi)套(tao)科學、統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),只有(you)(you)這樣(yang),評(ping)(ping)價工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)才有(you)(you)衡量依據、度(du)(du)(du)(du)量尺度(du)(du)(du)(du)。從現實情況看,盡(jin)管一(yi)些部(bu)(bu)(bu)門也(ye)建立(li)了(le)一(yi)些內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),如中國(guo)(guo)(guo)人民(min)銀行(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)《商業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)引(yin)》,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)證監會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)《證券公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)引(yin)》等,對防范金(jin)融風險發揮了(le)積極(ji)作(zuo)用(yong),但(dan)由(you)于(yu)這些制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)具有(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)特征(zheng),適用(yong)面(mian)也(ye)比較窄,難以體現普遍性(xing)(xing)、統(tong)一(yi)性(xing)(xing)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)認(ren)性(xing)(xing),而(er)財(cai)政部(bu)(bu)(bu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)計(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)范,由(you)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)提(ti)(ti)煉(lian)多(duo)數行(xing)業(ye)(ye)共性(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上(shang),按照(zhao)科學民(min)主(zhu)決策要求,群策群力(li)、集思廣益制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de),因(yin)此擁(yong)有(you)(you)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)和實踐(jian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu),具有(you)(you)科學性(xing)(xing)、統(tong)一(yi)性(xing)(xing)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)認(ren)性(xing)(xing),在(zai)實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中已(yi)成為有(you)(you)關主(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)門、會(hui)計(ji)師事務所和單位(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)實施內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)(ping)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要參考(kao)依據。因(yin)此,加快推進內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)計(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建設(she),是(shi)(shi)實行(xing)、推廣內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)評(ping)(ping)價報(bao)告制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)和保證。

二、是建立穩固強大的(de)國(guo)家財政的(de)必然要(yao)求

本屆財(cai)(cai)政部黨組(zu)按照科(ke)學(xue)(xue)發展(zhan)觀和(he)“5個(ge)統籌”的(de)要(yao)求,提(ti)出了“一二(er)三四”的(de)理財(cai)(cai)新思路(lu),強調把做大財(cai)(cai)政蛋糕、服務(wu)經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)作為工作重(zhong)心和(he)著力點。做大財(cai)(cai)政蛋糕,關鍵是調控(kong)措(cuo)施得力、增收(shou)節(jie)支(zhi)有(you)效,通過宏(hong)觀政策促進生財(cai)(cai),通過合理機(ji)制(zhi)有(you)效聚財(cai)(cai),通過科(ke)學(xue)(xue)管理規(gui)(gui)范用財(cai)(cai),在(zai)維護經濟(ji)運行(xing)安全(quan)、提(ti)高經濟(ji)增長質量的(de)同時,實(shi)現財(cai)(cai)政增收(shou)。會(hui)計信(xin)息是國民經濟(ji)信(xin)息的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成部分,是制(zhi)定(ding)宏(hong)觀經濟(ji)政策、實(shi)施宏(hong)觀調控(kong)手(shou)段的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)性依據,加(jia)快內部會(hui)計控(kong)制(zhi)建設(she),確(que)保(bao)會(hui)計信(xin)息真實(shi)完(wan)整,有(you)利于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高財(cai)(cai)政宏(hong)觀調控(kong)措(cuo)施的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)性和(he)準(zhun)確(que)度,有(you)利于(yu)(yu)夯實(shi)稅(shui)基(ji)、做到應收(shou)盡收(shou)、擴(kuo)大財(cai)(cai)源,有(you)利于(yu)(yu)規(gui)(gui)范財(cai)(cai)政資金管理、提(ti)高財(cai)(cai)政資金使用效益和(he)透(tou)明度。

三、是完善單(dan)位治(zhi)理結(jie)構的迫切要(yao)求

在(zai)建立、完(wan)善(shan)社(she)會(hui)主義市場(chang)經(jing)濟體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong),由(you)于(yu)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、環(huan)境等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin),出現(xian)了大(da)量經(jing)濟犯罪案(an)(an)(an)件,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)不少(shao)案(an)(an)(an)例(li)與(yu)單位(wei)(wei)內部(bu)會(hui)計監督不力、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管理(li)弱(ruo)化(hua)緊密相關。財政部(bu)推動(dong)內部(bu)會(hui)計控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建設以來(lai),許多(duo)單位(wei)(wei)通過學習培訓、建章立制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、強化(hua)監督,提(ti)升了管理(li)水(shui)平(ping),取(qu)得了明顯成效(xiao),但從總體上看,仍與(yu)市場(chang)經(jing)濟發展(zhan)要求(qiu)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定距(ju)離。最近一(yi)(yi)個時期(qi)以來(lai),有關媒體相繼披(pi)露了一(yi)(yi)些(xie)典型案(an)(an)(an)例(li),包括(kuo)國家自然(ran)科學基(ji)(ji)金委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)原(yuan)會(hui)計卞中(zhong)(zhong)貪污挪(nuo)用逾2億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)科研資金大(da)案(an)(an)(an)、四川長虹約5億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)收貨款被騙案(an)(an)(an)、中(zhong)(zhong)航(hang)油新加(jia)坡公(gong)司違規炒(chao)作油品(pin)期(qi)貨造成5154億(yi)(yi)美元(yuan)(yuan)巨額(e)虧損導致昔日的(de)(de)明星國企瞬間(jian)瀕(bin)臨破產邊緣一(yi)(yi)案(an)(an)(an)等(deng)。這些(xie)案(an)(an)(an)例(li)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)錯綜(zong)復(fu)雜,但其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個方(fang)面,是內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薄弱(ruo),或者內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)執行不力。這些(xie)案(an)(an)(an)例(li)發生(sheng)在(zai)高層次事業(ye)單位(wei)(wei)、上市公(gong)司和(he)大(da)型國有企業(ye),損失慘重(zhong),教訓深刻,發人深省。此外,一(yi)(yi)些(xie)企業(ye)在(zai)反(fan)傾銷訴(su)訟中(zhong)(zhong)屢(lv)屢(lv)失利,也(ye)與(yu)內部(bu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及會(hui)計基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)工作薄弱(ruo)有一(yi)(yi)定關系(xi)。因(yin)此,加(jia)快推進(jin)內部(bu)會(hui)計控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建設,促進(jin)完(wan)善(shan)單位(wei)(wei)治理(li)結構,推動(dong)經(jing)營管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)化(hua)、規范(fan)化(hua),提(ti)高重(zhong)大(da)經(jing)濟決策的(de)(de)科學性和(he)透明度(du),在(zai)完(wan)善(shan)社(she)會(hui)主義市場(chang)經(jing)濟體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong),更凸顯出重(zhong)要性和(he)緊迫性。

總之(zhi),加快推進(jin)內部會計(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設,是時代的需(xu)要,是社(she)會各界的共(gong)同任務(wu),需(xu)要在總結(jie)經驗(yan)的基(ji)礎上,進(jin)一(yi)步理清思路,明確任務(wu),推動內部會計(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設健康、有序發展,更好地為完善社(she)會主義市場經濟體制(zhi)(zhi)服務(wu)。

參考文獻:

[1]馮(feng)淑(shu)萍(ping).2000.適應經濟發(fa)展要(yao)求,加(jia)快(kuai)我(wo)國內(nei)部控制制度(du)體(ti)系建設(she).中國財經報

[2]劉玉廷.2001.新形(xing)勢(shi)下加強單位內部會(hui)(hui)計監督的里程碑.會(hui)(hui)計研究