導語：機械化施工在高(gao)壓輸電線路工程的建議一文來源(yuan)于(yu)網友(you)上(shang)傳，不代表本(ben)站(zhan)觀(guan)點，若需要原創文章可咨詢(xun)客服老師，歡(huan)迎參考。

摘要：社會發展勢頭迅猛，各種新技術不斷更新迭代，機械化、人工智能化成為各行業的發展方向。在這樣的背景下，電力線路施工機(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)程(cheng)度也在(zai)不斷提高，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)改善了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件，使電力施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)逐步由(you)傳(chuan)統、高風(feng)險(xian)、低效(xiao)率的(de)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)轉變為先進(jin)、低風(feng)險(xian)、高效(xiao)率的(de)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。以“邵陽丁(ding)界———儒林110kV線路新建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)”為依(yi)托，通過對(dui)比常規施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)造價與機(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)造價，展示了(le)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)電力工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)發展前景(jing)。

關鍵詞：高壓輸電線路；機械(xie)化施工；造價對比

中國經濟正在高速發展階段，人們的生活方式和經濟模式越來越多樣化，科技智能化改變了傳統生產方式，大大提高了社會產能，為了滿足日益增加的用電需求，電網建設正前所未有地加大建設力度。但傳統的架空線路主要依賴大量人工進行施工，而我國人口老齡化、一線施工人員缺少、工資持續增高，爆破作業和深基坑危險系數高這些問題一直困擾著電力建設產業。為了改變“人力為主、機械為輔”的傳統模式，電力企業持續開展機械化創新管理，開發、改進適宜的施工裝備，盡可能實現“機械化換人”“智能化減人”“深基坑作業不下人”，采用機械替代人力，降低施工風險，保證人身安全，保障工程質量。本文(wen)依托“邵(shao)陽(yang)丁界———儒(ru)林110kV線路新建(jian)工程”，按照“先(xian)進性(xing)、專業(ye)化(hua)(hua)、標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)、系列化(hua)(hua)”的總體(ti)要(yao)求，實現線路工程臨(lin)時道路修建(jian)、物料(liao)運(yun)輸、基礎開挖(wa)、混凝土澆筑、組塔、架(jia)線及(ji)接(jie)地裝(zhuang)置敷設等(deng)全過程機械化(hua)(hua)施工[1]。通過對比機械化(hua)(hua)施工和(he)常規施工工程造價(jia)，論述機械化(hua)(hua)施工的可行性(xing)和(he)必要(yao)性(xing)。

1工程概況

1）工程名稱：邵陽丁界———儒林110kV線(xian)路新建(jian)工程。2）電壓(ya)等級：110kV。3）回路數(shu)：單(dan)回。4）線(xian)路路徑長度(du)：24.8km。5）桿塔數(shu)量：新建(jian)鐵(tie)塔83基。6）地形比例：丘陵占全線(xian)百分比52％，山地43％，泥沼5％。

2技術對比分析

機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝備(bei)、技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理多方(fang)協作(zuo)(zuo)，共(gong)同配合(he)。因(yin)此，機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)貫穿線(xian)(xian)路(lu)規(gui)劃(hua)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)管理的(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)。在(zai)規(gui)劃(hua)可研階(jie)段(duan)，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)選線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)考慮(lv)(lv)機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝備(bei)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)和(he)作(zuo)(zuo)業場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)需求，在(zai)費用(yong)估算中(zhong)(zhong)綜(zong)合(he)考慮(lv)(lv)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)占用(yong)成(cheng)本。在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)階(jie)段(duan)，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)多方(fang)面考慮(lv)(lv)適宜(yi)(yi)機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)。1）路(lu)徑(jing)優化。充(chong)分考慮(lv)(lv)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)交(jiao)(jiao)通和(he)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，路(lu)徑(jing)盡量(liang)靠近高(gao)速、國道(dao)(dao)、省(sheng)道(dao)(dao)以及(ji)鄉鎮道(dao)(dao)路(lu)。同時考慮(lv)(lv)到施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)，綜(zong)合(he)考慮(lv)(lv)物料運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)、牽張場(chang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置、放線(xian)(xian)等機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業因(yin)素。2）塔(ta)(ta)(ta)位(wei)選擇。結合(he)現有(you)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)的(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)位(wei)應(ying)(ying)選在(zai)方(fang)便擺放施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)的(de)(de)緩坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)，方(fang)便機(ji)械(xie)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)及(ji)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)。3）桿塔(ta)(ta)(ta)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。按照相關規(gui)定執行，并考慮(lv)(lv)組塔(ta)(ta)(ta)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)荷載、氣候條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)等，保(bao)證(zheng)桿塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)強度、剛度和(he)穩定，結構型(xing)式(shi)(shi)簡潔，便于機(ji)械(xie)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)及(ji)組塔(ta)(ta)(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)業施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。4）基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)質、基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)力(li)大(da)(da)小(xiao)，考慮(lv)(lv)交(jiao)(jiao)通條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、植被覆蓋、青苗賠(pei)償、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝備(bei)等因(yin)素，選擇適宜(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵段(duan)為保(bao)持原(yuan)狀土(tu)特性(xing)，減少(shao)水土(tu)流(liu)失及(ji)環境破壞，主(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用(yong)原(yuan)狀土(tu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)，包括掏(tao)挖(wa)(wa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)、挖(wa)(wa)孔基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)。平(ping)丘段(duan)無地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水主(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用(yong)掏(tao)挖(wa)(wa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)、挖(wa)(wa)孔基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)。平(ping)丘段(duan)有(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水主(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用(yong)大(da)(da)開挖(wa)(wa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)。河網泥沼地(di)(di)(di)(di)區主(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用(yong)灌注(zhu)樁基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)及(ji)大(da)(da)開挖(wa)(wa)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)優先采(cai)(cai)用(yong)原(yuan)狀土(tu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)型(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)盡量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong)，以減少(shao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)[2-3]。5）架線(xian)(xian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)飛行器展放引導線(xian)(xian)。6）推薦采(cai)(cai)用(yong)專用(yong)鏈式(shi)(shi)開溝機(ji)進(jin)(jin)行接地(di)(di)(di)(di)敷(fu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。

3施工周期對比分析

機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)根據(ju)線(xian)路所處(chu)的(de)(de)地(di)理條件及線(xian)路工(gong)程的(de)(de)具體(ti)情況，依據(ju)工(gong)期的(de)(de)安排和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員的(de)(de)數量，組建機(ji)械(xie)化作業(ye)班組，將(jiang)線(xian)路工(gong)程分為若干個(ge)工(gong)程段(duan)，安排多個(ge)不同(tong)的(de)(de)作業(ye)班組同(tong)步開(kai)展(zhan)全過程機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作業(ye)。將(jiang)不同(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)類型的(de)(de)作業(ye)采用(yong)流水化作業(ye)的(de)(de)形式進行，可以充分利用(yong)好人員和機(ji)械(xie)，使其達(da)到最佳的(de)(de)循環配合效果。機(ji)械(xie)化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)與常規施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)周(zhou)期對(dui)比如(ru)表1所示。

4造價對比分析

通(tong)(tong)過機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)與常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)和造(zao)價(jia)指標(biao)對比(bi)(bi)(bi)，來分(fen)析(xi)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)與常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)劣勢。兩者之間指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)(bi)(bi)如表(biao)3、表(biao)4所示(shi)從(cong)上(shang)述指標(biao)對比(bi)(bi)(bi)表(biao)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)靜(jing)態投資(zi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)靜(jing)態投資(zi)減(jian)(jian)少了2.87萬(wan)(wan)元/km。分(fen)析(xi)差異原因(yin)(yin)如下：1）架線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)考(kao)慮了導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周期(qi)與導電率，選擇了比(bi)(bi)(bi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，使(shi)(shi)得機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)架線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)子項費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)1.06萬(wan)(wan)元/km，但從(cong)全(quan)壽命周期(qi)角度上(shang)看(kan)，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)選線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)經濟上(shang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)優(you)(you)。2）桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)(fu)(fu)雜(za)，部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)為(wei)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及泥(ni)沼。而常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一般(ban)為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)耐張塔(ta)(ta)(ta)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)高8％。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐵塔(ta)(ta)(ta)鋼(gang)材(cai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)造(zao)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)3.43t/km，桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)4.63萬(wan)(wan)元/km。3）基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)盡(jin)量采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原狀(zhuang)土(tu)(tu)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)，針對本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)特點和沿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質情況(kuang)，設(she)(she)(she)計與機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)研發部門積(ji)極(ji)創新(xin)和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)型(xing)式，根據(ju)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路沿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質水文及交通(tong)(tong)運輸條件，充分(fen)考(kao)慮施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能，優(you)(you)先選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適宜(yi)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)型(xing)式，優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)石方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)量和混凝土(tu)(tu)量，使(shi)(shi)得本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)(ji)坑土(tu)(tu)石方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)減(jian)(jian)少368.88m3/km，混凝土(tu)(tu)量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)減(jian)(jian)少37.07m3/km，基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)鋼(gang)材(cai)量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)減(jian)(jian)少4.51t/km。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)中(zhong)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)減(jian)(jian)少8.29萬(wan)(wan)元/km。4）接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)(fu)(fu)雜(za)，輸電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)受占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。另外由于(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)區(qu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)電阻(zu)率一般(ban)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)根據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質環境針對性(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)設(she)(she)(she)計。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考(kao)慮接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)式及接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)電阻(zu)率問題，接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鋼(gang)材(cai)量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)造(zao)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)0.09t/km，接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)石方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)51.02m3/km。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)0.64萬(wan)(wan)元/km。5）附件工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了耐污(wu)性(xing)(xing)好，運行(xing)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)便的(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)單價(jia)高于(yu)(yu)(yu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)中(zhong)普通(tong)(tong)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)單價(jia)，附件工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)造(zao)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)2.67萬(wan)(wan)元/km。雖然玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)導致建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，但是按照電網建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)全(quan)壽命周期(qi)管理理念，對技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)或(huo)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)選擇進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)壽命的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟性(xing)(xing)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，包括線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)投資(zi)和線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路投運后的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。經比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子在全(quan)壽命周期(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)普通(tong)(tong)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)在經濟性(xing)(xing)上(shang)具有(you)優(you)(you)勢。6）其他費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)考(kao)慮桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)運輸與基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)型(xing)式要利于(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)進(jin)出場，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)計方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)選型(xing)減(jian)(jian)小了桿(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)，降低青苗補償費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，其他費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)減(jian)(jian)少3.41萬(wan)(wan)元/km，其中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)征用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及清理費較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)減(jian)(jian)少1.91萬(wan)(wan)元/km。機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低，直接(jie)影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，編制適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，不僅可(ke)以(yi)縮(suo)短施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，節約建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)系數也會大(da)大(da)提升(sheng)，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)為(wei)未(wei)來施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向。

5推進機械化施工發展的建議

1）技術和(he)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)統一是控(kong)制和(he)合(he)理(li)(li)確定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)首要環節[4]。技經人員要提(ti)高(gao)素(su)質，熟(shu)悉業務(wu)，設計(ji)人員要關心與(yu)經濟(ji)(ji)有關的(de)(de)指(zhi)標。技經人員要參與(yu)從項(xiang)目立項(xiang)到工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li)。要采取必要的(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)，調動和(he)發揮設計(ji)人員和(he)技經人員的(de)(de)積極性，共(gong)同控(kong)制造價(jia)(jia)。2）建(jian)議全(quan)面推行設計(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、采購、監理(li)(li)、調試(shi)的(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)招(zhao)投標制。通過招(zhao)標擇優選擇隊(dui)伍和(he)廠(chang)家，促進有關單(dan)位加強競爭(zheng)意識和(he)經營管理(li)(li)，在保證(zheng)優質的(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，合(he)理(li)(li)降低成(cheng)本(ben)，提(ti)高(gao)經濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)益。3）完(wan)善機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)定(ding)額，根據(ju)機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)特點，結合(he)已(yi)完(wan)機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，實測實量，數據(ju)分(fen)析，持(chi)續深入研(yan)究機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)價(jia)(jia)標準，完(wan)善計(ji)價(jia)(jia)依據(ju)，編制適合(he)市場(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)，滿足施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)企業定(ding)額。4）加強與(yu)設備廠(chang)家合(he)作，研(yan)發先(xian)進的(de)(de)機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)備，建(jian)立裝(zhuang)備庫，降低設備成(cheng)本(ben)，提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率，有效(xiao)控(kong)制機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。

6結語

雖然(ran)不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實際情(qing)況有所不(bu)同(tong)，導致全過程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和常(chang)(chang)規施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)技術和造價對比(bi)將有所差異。但本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)依托一(yi)個(ge)典型工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實際情(qing)況，分析(xi)對比(bi)了全過程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)常(chang)(chang)規方案施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)技術和造價，具有一(yi)定的(de)參考(kao)價值。同(tong)時(shi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)目前仍有許多困(kun)難，比(bi)如施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)受施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地制(zhi)約，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)便道修(xiu)筑及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地占用費(fei)較傳(chuan)統施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)，全機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)選擇少(shao)，但隨著(zhu)全過程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)推廣，規劃部(bu)門、建設(she)(she)單(dan)位、設(she)(she)計(ji)單(dan)位、設(she)(she)備(bei)制(zhi)造單(dan)位以及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位的(de)共同(tong)努力，將逐步實現(xian)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、系列化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，并構建安全、優質、高(gao)(gao)效的(de)綠色(se)電網。

參考文獻

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作者：連櫟 單(dan)位：長(chang)沙電力(li)設計院有(you)限公司