導語：電子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)單套制(zhi)管理模(mo)式(shi)分析一(yi)文(wen)(wen)來源于(yu)網(wang)友(you)上傳，不代(dai)表(biao)本站觀點，若(ruo)需要原創文(wen)(wen)章可咨(zi)詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：數據轉型時代已經到來，信息技術飛速發展。電子文件數量指數級增長，電子文件管理模式成為檔案界近年來持續關注的問題。對電子文件單套制管理模(mo)式(shi)的(de)優勢進行闡述，對單套制推行過(guo)程中面臨(lin)的(de)問題進行分析(xi)，并提出幾點建議(yi)。

關鍵詞：數字轉型；電子文(wen)件；單(dan)套(tao)制；雙套(tao)制

隨(sui)著(zhu)大數(shu)據、云(yun)計算、區塊鏈、物聯網等前沿(yan)技(ji)術日益成熟，信息化發(fa)展(zhan)取得了歷史性成就，對(dui)各行各業(ye)發(fa)生了廣(guang)泛(fan)而(er)深遠的(de)(de)(de)影響。基礎設施、新動(dong)(dong)能(neng)產業(ye)和生態平臺之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)互動(dong)(dong)融(rong)合(he)，迸(beng)發(fa)出(chu)了以“萬(wan)物感(gan)知、萬(wan)物互聯、萬(wan)物智能(neng)”為(wei)特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)轉型(xing)時代(dai)。物理世(shi)界(jie)與數(shu)字(zi)世(shi)界(jie)深度融(rong)合(he)，政(zheng)務、公安、醫(yi)療(liao)、教育(yu)、物聯、消防(fang)等實現了互聯互通。放(fang)眼檔(dang)案界(jie)，原生電(dian)(dian)子(zi)文(wen)(wen)件數(shu)量陡增，面對(dui)數(shu)字(zi)轉型(xing)時代(dai)提供的(de)(de)(de)機遇和挑戰，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)文(wen)(wen)件雙(shuang)套(tao)制向單套(tao)制管(guan)理模式的(de)(de)(de)轉變勢在(zai)必行。

一、電子文件雙套制與單套制管理模式的定義

2002年(nian)國(guo)家發布(bu)《電(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)與(yu)(yu)管理(li)(li)規范》（GB/T18894-2002），明確指出“具有永久保存價值(zhi)的文(wen)(wen)本(ben)或(huo)圖形形式(shi)(shi)的電(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)，如沒有紙質等拷貝件(jian)，必須制(zhi)成(cheng)紙質文(wen)(wen)件(jian)或(huo)縮微品(pin)等。歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)時(shi)，應同時(shi)保存文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的電(dian)子版(ban)本(ben)、紙質版(ban)本(ben)或(huo)縮微品(pin)。”電(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)雙套制(zhi)管理(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)自此開(kai)啟，運行已近二十年(nian)。與(yu)(yu)之對(dui)應的則是電(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)單套制(zhi)管理(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)，即(ji)由電(dian)子設(she)備(bei)生成(cheng)的電(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)僅以電(dian)子方(fang)式(shi)(shi)進(jin)行歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)、管理(li)(li)、利用與(yu)(yu)保存，不再生成(cheng)和保存紙質檔(dang)案的管理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)[1]。

二、電子文件單套制管理的必要性

1.單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于提(ti)(ti)升信息(xi)化(hua)效能，降低(di)(di)成(cheng)本(ben)。傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)雙(shuang)(shuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)需制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或縮微(wei)膠片(pian)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)。紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)需使用(yong)(yong)(yong)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)張及(ji)(ji)耗材，若(ruo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)非線(xian)性編輯系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)轉換設(she)備(bei)(bei)則耗費更大。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)需紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)，可(ke)減少(shao)對(dui)木材的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)，低(di)(di)碳環保(bao)(bao)(bao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于節約型社會建(jian)設(she)。單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)力(li)(li)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)即(ji)可(ke)，而雙(shuang)(shuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)。副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)遵照傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)保(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，需配(pei)備(bei)(bei)專業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進行收集(ji)、分(fen)類、整理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、編目、裝盒、排(pai)架、統(tong)(tong)計等(deng)(deng)各項工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，占用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)庫房(fang)大量(liang)(liang)空間，要(yao)(yao)做好庫房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫濕度(du)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)防(fang)磁(ci)、防(fang)光、防(fang)蟲等(deng)(deng)各項防(fang)護措施。雙(shuang)(shuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)何時(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)并無(wu)(wu)明確規(gui)定(ding)，若(ruo)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)存(cun)在(zai)初(chu)稿、修(xiu)改稿、終稿等(deng)(deng)多(duo)個(ge)版(ban)本(ben)，“硬(ying)拷貝”時(shi)容易造成(cheng)版(ban)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混亂，加(jia)重檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)版(ban)本(ben)匹配(pei)比對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，降低(di)(di)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率。綜上(shang)(shang)，與僅保(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比，雙(shuang)(shuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)疑造成(cheng)了人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費，降低(di)(di)了信息(xi)化(hua)效能。2.單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于保(bao)(bao)(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)生性。進入無(wu)(wu)紙(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)辦(ban)(ban)公時(shi)代(dai)，原(yuan)(yuan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)呈指數(shu)級(ji)增長。隨著各業(ye)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)與檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)接(jie)，單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)符合歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)被檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)獲取，經檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)審(shen)(shen)核后實(shi)時(shi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容、背(bei)景信息(xi)、結構(gou)等(deng)(deng)三要(yao)(yao)素(su)在(zai)全程(cheng)(cheng)流轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景中(zhong)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)完整，可(ke)靠(kao)性真(zhen)實(shi)性得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。雙(shuang)(shuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每份歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)都需以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)兩種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)類型多(duo)樣，既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)Word、Excel等(deng)(deng)簡單(dan)(dan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)媒(mei)體(ti)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、多(duo)圖(tu)層文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巨幅(fu)圖(tu)表(biao)等(deng)(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。對(dui)于復雜程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)載體(ti)無(wu)(wu)法同(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)打印呈現，“硬(ying)拷貝”方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完整性。檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)屬性是原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)性。檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)越接(jie)近(jin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)狀態，越能保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)性[2]。無(wu)(wu)論在(zai)哪個(ge)節點制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)，載體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換與變更必(bi)會影響檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)性，造成(cheng)元(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。元(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)是描述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)屬性的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，包括文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)格式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、編排(pai)結構(gou)、字符集(ji)等(deng)(deng)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，跨機構(gou)支(zhi)持著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創建(jian)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和利用(yong)(yong)(yong)[3]。例如，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)格式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、責任(ren)人(ren)(ren)、流程(cheng)(cheng)審(shen)(shen)批記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)元(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)在(zai)紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)法輸出，與歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齊全性完整性相悖。雙(shuang)(shuang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦會造成(cheng)元(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)本(ben)中(zhong)，降低(di)(di)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自說明能力(li)(li)[4]。3.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)法可(ke)依。2015年(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)海自貿區開展了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)探索、推廣實(shi)施。2018年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)國(guo)家(jia)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)局第(di)(di)14號(hao)令(ling)《國(guo)家(jia)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)局關于修(xiu)改〈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)暫行辦(ban)(ban)法〉的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定(ding)》第(di)(di)七條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)：符合國(guo)家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)可(ke)僅以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。2019年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)李(li)克強總理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)簽署國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)716號(hao)令(ling)《國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)關于在(zai)線(xian)政(zheng)務(wu)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)干(gan)規(gui)定(ding)》第(di)(di)十(shi)二條(tiao)提(ti)(ti)出：政(zheng)務(wu)服(fu)務(wu)機構(gou)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)對(dui)履行職責過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進行規(gui)范管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，按(an)照檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)并向檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)部門移交(jiao)。除法律、行政(zheng)法規(gui)另有(you)(you)(you)(you)規(gui)定(ding)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)再以(yi)(yi)(yi)紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)和移交(jiao)。符合檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)與紙(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)法律效力(li)(li)。2020年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)20日《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)法》經第(di)(di)13屆全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)大常委會第(di)(di)19次會議修(xiu)訂公布(bu)(bu)，第(di)(di)三十(shi)七條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)來源(yuan)可(ke)靠(kao)、程(cheng)(cheng)序規(gui)范、要(yao)(yao)素(su)合規(gui)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)與傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)載體(ti)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)效力(li)(li)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。由(you)此可(ke)見，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律地(di)位(wei)已得(de)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，實(shi)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)套(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是時(shi)代(dai)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)。

三、推行電子文件單套制面臨的主要問題

數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化時代(dai)到來(lai)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)字技術瞬息(xi)萬變(bian)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化形態轉型倒逼(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)由雙套(tao)制向單套(tao)制變(bian)革，然電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單套(tao)制管(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)推行并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)帆風順(shun)的(de)(de)(de)，問(wen)(wen)題(ti)挑(tiao)戰與優勢同在(zai)。1.檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)思想觀念及業(ye)務(wu)水平有(you)待(dai)提升。因(yin)紙(zhi)質檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)具有(you)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)、安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)無可替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)憑證(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)及利(li)用(yong)者(zhe)更加信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)賴(lai)紙(zhi)質檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)。長期(qi)以來(lai)，檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)習慣于紙(zhi)質檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)整及利(li)用(yong)方式(shi)和(he)(he)流程，積累(lei)了(le)(le)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗。相(xiang)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)，他們更樂于回歸熟悉的(de)(de)(de)環境，收(shou)(shou)集管(guan)(guan)理(li)紙(zhi)質檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)。另外，檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe)專業(ye)技能(neng)參(can)差不(bu)(bu)齊，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)技能(neng)及經(jing)驗不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，影響(xiang)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單套(tao)制管(guan)(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)推行進度。2.電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)度問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。真實性(xing)(xing)(xing)、完(wan)整性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可用(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要屬性(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)全生命周期(qi)過(guo)程中發(fa)揮著舉(ju)足(zu)輕(qing)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)不(bu)(bu)具個人筆跡(ji)和(he)(he)書寫痕(hen)跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)特征，沒(mei)有(you)紙(zhi)質文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)[5]，載(zai)體(ti)識別無法(fa)(fa)發(fa)揮作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，且易(yi)受病毒(du)攻擊、易(yi)被篡(cuan)改、存儲載(zai)體(ti)不(bu)(bu)穩定等因(yin)素，導致“四性(xing)(xing)(xing)”無法(fa)(fa)保證(zheng)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)歸檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)、移(yi)交、接收(shou)(shou)、保存及利(li)用(yong)等各(ge)個環節進行“四性(xing)(xing)(xing)”檢測是(shi)(shi)保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段(duan)。解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)易(yi)篡(cuan)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)對載(zai)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)依賴(lai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)任度，是(shi)(shi)迫(po)切(qie)需要解決的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。3.電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)關鍵性(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)規(gui)則有(you)待(dai)健(jian)全。我國先(xian)后已經(jing)出臺(tai)了(le)(le)多項法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)，保障(zhang)了(le)(le)可信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律憑證(zheng)地位。但(dan)就具體(ti)操作(zuo)(zuo)而言(yan)，仍存在(zai)若干(gan)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，比如：各(ge)業(ye)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)與檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)元數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)格式(shi)規(gui)范、內(nei)容(rong)標準不(bu)(bu)統(tong)一(yi)，無法(fa)(fa)做到無縫對接，歸檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)無法(fa)(fa)實時獲取(qu)、實時歸檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)；業(ye)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)歸檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)無法(fa)(fa)提供利(li)用(yong)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)長期(qi)保管(guan)(guan)機制缺乏科學規(gui)劃和(he)(he)策(ce)略等。

四、推行電子文件單套制管理模式的幾點建議

1.檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者(zhe)應(ying)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)思想(xiang)觀念(nian)(nian)，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)業務(wu)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)。推(tui)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)套制(zhi)，首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)組建(jian)一支(zhi)思想(xiang)觀念(nian)(nian)先進(jin)、技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)素質(zhi)復(fu)合(he)(he)型(xing)人(ren)才隊伍(wu)。從業人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認識(shi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)套制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)責任(ren)意識(shi)、大局意識(shi)，掌握電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)套制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)法規(gui)(gui)與(yu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)學(xue)習(xi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)專(zhuan)業知識(shi)及相關(guan)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)觀能(neng)(neng)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)部門應(ying)加(jia)(jia)大專(zhuan)業知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓力度，通(tong)(tong)過“引(yin)進(jin)來，走出(chu)去”———參與(yu)專(zhuan)題(ti)培(pei)(pei)訓、學(xue)習(xi)交(jiao)流等(deng)形(xing)式(shi)，吸收借鑒(jian)成(cheng)功經驗(yan)，促使(shi)(shi)從業人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業素質(zhi)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)套制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)行配(pei)備專(zhuan)業人(ren)才。2.依托信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)信(xin)度。2018年4月，國家檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)局正式(shi)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)檢測一般要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求》（DA/T70-2018），為開展電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)“四(si)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”檢測提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)指導。當代信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展也(ye)為保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“四(si)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)支(zhi)撐。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)摘(zhai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)“四(si)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手段。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)摘(zhai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)運(yun)用(yong)哈(ha)希函數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，將(jiang)(jiang)歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)運(yun)算得(de)出(chu)一串固(gu)定長度128位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)哈(ha)希值(zhi)，又稱(cheng)“數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)指紋”，即(ji)(ji)哈(ha)希值(zhi)＝H（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)）。不(bu)同文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)算出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)希值(zhi)相等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率(lv)幾乎為零(ling)，且(qie)(qie)哈(ha)希算法具(ju)有(you)(you)單(dan)向性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)可(ke)(ke)逆，無法根據(ju)(ju)(ju)哈(ha)希值(zhi)倒(dao)推(tui)出(chu)原文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)容。歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)時，將(jiang)(jiang)每份文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)希值(zhi)上(shang)(shang)傳(chuan)時間戳(chuo)服務(wu)中心(xin)并加(jia)(jia)蓋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽章，或(huo)上(shang)(shang)傳(chuan)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)進(jin)行固(gu)化(hua)加(jia)(jia)密(mi)。采用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)摘(zhai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)比對方式(shi)對歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)信(xin)息(xi)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)行檢測，可(ke)(ke)確(que)保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及完整性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特點是(shi)去中心(xin)化(hua)、共識(shi)機制(zhi)、加(jia)(jia)密(mi)算法[6]。采用(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)賬(zhang)本，多點記(ji)賬(zhang)，點對點傳(chuan)輸(shu)，集體維護(hu)，公(gong)開透明。任(ren)一點想(xiang)修改(gai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)必須(xu)征得(de)大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)網點認可(ke)(ke)，且(qie)(qie)修改(gai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)留痕可(ke)(ke)追溯。區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非對稱(cheng)加(jia)(jia)密(mi)算法使(shi)(shi)得(de)只有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)獲得(de)授權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下才能(neng)(neng)訪(fang)問(wen)(wen)高(gao)度加(jia)(jia)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)，限制(zhi)了(le)(le)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權(quan)(quan)限，有(you)(you)效保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)了(le)(le)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。將(jiang)(jiang)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)運(yun)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中，進(jin)行多點實(shi)時監控(kong)，可(ke)(ke)筑起(qi)防數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)篡改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)固(gu)城墻，奠定堅(jian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“信(xin)任(ren)”基(ji)(ji)礎，有(you)(you)效保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)“四(si)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。應(ying)建(jian)設數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)容災系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，規(gui)(gui)避(bi)災難(nan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。考慮到(dao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)丟失和(he)(he)受損(sun)后修復(fu)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，運(yun)用(yong)云存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，保(bao)(bao)持必要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗余度，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)多重(zhong)(zhong)備份。ErasureCode是(shi)磁盤(pan)陣列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)式(shi)，作(zuo)為有(you)(you)效提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)效率(lv)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)便(bian)捷性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，可(ke)(ke)動(dong)態(tai)分(fen)布(bu)和(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)容錯，在(zai)(zai)多個盤(pan)失效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下仍能(neng)(neng)照常運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。利用(yong)基(ji)(ji)于ErasureCode的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，可(ke)(ke)解(jie)決檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)全(quan)(quan)(quan)網絡分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)和(he)(he)擴散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)[7]。此外，數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)水(shui)(shui)印(yin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)為一種(zhong)信(xin)息(xi)隱藏(zang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，將(jiang)(jiang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)水(shui)(shui)印(yin)嵌入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)價值(zhi)且(qie)(qie)不(bu)易(yi)被人(ren)覺(jue)察的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，可(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)過隱藏(zang)信(xin)息(xi)判斷(duan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)否被篡改(gai)。綜(zong)上(shang)(shang)，信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展為保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)“四(si)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)穩(wen)固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。3.做(zuo)好頂層(ceng)設計，規(gui)(gui)范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)及相關(guan)標準(zhun)。推(tui)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)套制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)，應(ying)注重(zhong)(zhong)頂層(ceng)設計，統(tong)(tong)(tong)籌(chou)規(gui)(gui)劃，出(chu)臺相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度標準(zhun)，明確(que)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)范(fan)圍要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求、元數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)方案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)、格式(shi)、存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)載體等(deng)詳細內(nei)容，制(zhi)定統(tong)(tong)(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)口標準(zhun)與(yu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)。根據(ju)(ju)(ju)歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)部門特點，將(jiang)(jiang)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)對接(jie)(jie)標準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求融入(ru)各業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設方案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)中[8]，做(zuo)到(dao)業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平臺建(jian)設緊密(mi)結(jie)合(he)(he)，同步推(tui)進(jin)，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)部門應(ying)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)延(yan)伸(shen)到(dao)業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)前端(duan)(duan)，即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)成(cheng)端(duan)(duan)，做(zuo)好前端(duan)(duan)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)、過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監督(du)、歸(gui)(gui)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)銜接(jie)(jie)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)維護(hu)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)支(zhi)持等(deng)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機制(zhi)，做(zuo)好數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)備份、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)遷(qian)移、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)格式(shi)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)等(deng)，杜絕電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)損(sun)失帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會記(ji)憶缺失風險。在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，建(jian)議部署電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)長期保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，打通(tong)(tong)業務(wu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)長期保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)通(tong)(tong)路，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)從形(xing)成(cheng)、流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、維護(hu)、分(fen)類(lei)、鑒(jian)定、保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一體化(hua)監管(guan)(guan),確(que)保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)證(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮及對業務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續支(zhi)撐作(zuo)用(yong)。

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作者：高珊