民主政治制度建設基本經驗探討
時間(jian):2022-06-29 03:31:20
導語:民主政(zheng)治制度建設基本經驗探討(tao)一文來源于網友上(shang)傳(chuan),不代(dai)表本站觀(guan)點,若需要(yao)原創文章可咨詢客服(fu)老師(shi),歡(huan)迎(ying)參考。
摘要:文章探析了中國特色社會主義民主的政治制度的基本經驗:堅持從中國國情出發,不斷探索和完善具有中國特色的政治制度,堅持和發展馬克思主義,用馬克思主義中國化最新理論成果指引民主政治發展;堅持黨的全面領導,為中國特色社會主義政治制度提供堅強有力的政治和組織保證;堅持共產黨領導的多黨合作和協商民主制度,不斷完善和創新黨的領導制度;堅定不移推進政治體制改革,為政治制度建設創造必要條件。
關鍵詞:中國特色社會主義;制度建設;基本經驗
在(zai)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)報告(gao)中(zhong)指出:“世(shi)界上沒有完全相同的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)模(mo)式,政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)不能脫離特(te)定社會(hui)(hui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)條件和歷史文化傳統來抽象評判,不能定于一尊,不能生(sheng)搬硬套外國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)模(mo)式。”[1]中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色社會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)結(jie)合(he)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現實國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情,經過不斷實踐(jian)(jian)探(tan)索(suo)而形成的(de)(de)(de)具有中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du),在(zai)這一制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)指引下,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實現了(le)社會(hui)(hui)穩(wen)定、人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當家(jia)作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、經濟社會(hui)(hui)各項事業快(kuai)速發(fa)展。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)不是(shi)一種模(mo)型擺(bai)設,而是(shi)貼近人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活,用來解決中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)實際問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)式的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)不同于西方國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)權民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)扎根中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本土探(tan)索(suo)出的(de)(de)(de)具有中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)性質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。經過40多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)索(suo),我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形成了(le)具有中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)色,體現中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)意志的(de)(de)(de)廣大(da)(da)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)享有廣泛權利(li)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)。實踐(jian)(jian)證明,它(ta)不僅保證了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權利(li),調動了(le)廣大(da)(da)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)參與(yu)管理國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)事務的(de)(de)(de)積極性,而且使中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)長期和諧穩(wen)定,促(cu)進了(le)社會(hui)(hui)各項事業健康發(fa)展。
一、堅持(chi)和發展馬克思主義,用(yong)馬克思主義中國化最(zui)新理論成果(guo)指(zhi)引民主政(zheng)治制度建設(she)
在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)紀念馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)誕(dan)辰200周(zhou)年大(da)(da)會(hui)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)講(jiang)話中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)出(chu):“馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不僅深刻(ke)改變(bian)了世界,也深刻(ke)改變(bian)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)。”[2]黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)一(yi)屆(jie)(jie)三(san)(san)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)后,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)全(quan)面總結了新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成立以來民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗教(jiao)訓,把民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設(she)(she)擺(bai)到黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作日程上(shang)來,而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)二大(da)(da)上(shang)鄧小(xiao)平(ping)更是提(ti)出(chu)了“建(jian)設(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”這一(yi)世紀命題。鄧小(xiao)平(ping)同志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)談(tan)到社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)建(jian)設(she)(she)時明(ming)確指(zhi)出(chu):“二十(shi)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史教(jiao)訓告訴我(wo)們一(yi)條最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則:‘搞(gao)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)遵循(xun)馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辯證唯物主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)歷史唯物主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。’”[3](P118)他(ta)旗幟鮮(xian)明(ming)地(di)提(ti)出(chu)必須堅持(chi)四(si)項基本(ben)原則,馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)這面旗幟始(shi)(shi)終沒有(you)(you)(you)丟,才(cai)使(shi)得中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)終沿著正確方(fang)向(xiang)闊步向(xiang)前(qian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)面對多元(yuan)思(si)潮(chao)侵蝕時,我(wo)們才(cai)能拿出(chu)有(you)(you)(you)力武器進(jin)行反(fan)擊(ji),馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)流(liu)意識形態地(di)位沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)生動(dong)搖(yao)。民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)發(fa)(fa)展離(li)不開(kai)理(li)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)一(yi)屆(jie)(jie)三(san)(san)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)后,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鄧小(xiao)平(ping)理(li)論、“三(san)(san)個代表(biao)”重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)思(si)想、科學發(fa)(fa)展觀和(he)(he)新時代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)想指(zhi)導(dao)下,我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)世情、國(guo)(guo)情和(he)(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)情的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua),著重(zhong)(zhong)加強(qiang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)建(jian)設(she)(she),形成了較為系統(tong)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)本(ben)制(zhi)度(du)(du)、基本(ben)制(zhi)度(du)(du)、重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)制(zhi)度(du)(du)”[4](p5)。正是因為我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)始(shi)(shi)終堅持(chi)馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),并根(gen)(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現實需要(yao)不斷(duan)地(di)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)馬克(ke)思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)化(hua),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實踐(jian)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),產生新的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論成果,用創新理(li)論指(zhi)導(dao)實踐(jian),推(tui)(tui)進(jin)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)展,從而使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)越來越優越。
二、堅持(chi)黨的全(quan)面(mian)領導,為中國(guo)特色社(she)會主義(yi)民(min)
主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)提供堅(jian)(jian)強有力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)組(zu)(zu)織保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)最(zui)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)條,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)堅(jian)(jian)持和(he)(he)加(jia)強黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),堅(jian)(jian)決同否定(ding)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)言行作斗爭(zheng),這才有了(le)(le)我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)披荊(jing)斬棘,掌控全(quan)(quan)局,不使中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義這艘大(da)船迷失方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八大(da)以來,我(wo)們明確(que)(que)強調黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)對一(yi)切(qie)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)更不能(neng)離(li)開黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),否則,將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)犯歷(li)史性(xing)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)性(xing)錯(cuo)誤。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)在(zai)(zai)推進民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不斷向(xiang)前(qian)發(fa)展時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)全(quan)(quan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)上下堅(jian)(jian)決服(fu)從黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切(qie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)。“一(yi)切(qie)”二字(zi),包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容太多,有政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟、文化生態、社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)生、軍事外(wai)交等方(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)面(mian),要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)每個領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)域、每個層面(mian)、每個環(huan)節都(dou)必須聽從黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指揮、黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),任(ren)何人(ren)、任(ren)何組(zu)(zu)織都(dou)不得(de)違背和(he)(he)削弱黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)。正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)全(quan)(quan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)上上下下堅(jian)(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)不僅團結全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)贏得(de)革命、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)利(li),更是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)得(de)偉大(da)成效。在(zai)(zai)物資匱乏,內(nei)外(wai)夾擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革命時代,由于(yu)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)了(le)(le)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心地(di)位,我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)動(dong)員社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)一(yi)切(qie)力(li)(li)量(liang),克服(fu)了(le)(le)各種困難,取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)革命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)利(li)。社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)時期,盡(jin)管我(wo)國(guo)(guo)基(ji)礎薄弱,但我(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)充分調動(dong)了(le)(le)廣大(da)人(ren)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)性(xing)和(he)(he)創(chuang)(chuang)造性(xing),發(fa)揚艱苦(ku)奮斗精神,在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)聯(lian)援助下,我(wo)們建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)比較完善獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)經濟體系,為(wei)改革開放奠定(ding)了(le)(le)堅(jian)(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,也為(wei)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)創(chuang)(chuang)造了(le)(le)物質條件。維護黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央權威,堅(jian)(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)統(tong)一(yi)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理體系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢之一(yi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)更加(jia)穩固、邁向(xiang)現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據。因為(wei)只(zhi)有堅(jian)(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),才能(neng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義制(zhi)定(ding)出正(zheng)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路線,而政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路線是(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)制(zhi)定(ding)正(zheng)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路線、方(fang)(fang)(fang)針和(he)(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,如果黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路線出現錯(cuo)誤,必將(jiang)給中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義事業帶來嚴重危害。只(zhi)有堅(jian)(jian)持黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao),才能(neng)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)地(di)貫徹執行黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路線。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織路線是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)落實黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)推進中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義事業,加(jia)強和(he)(he)完善民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),勢必離(li)不開正(zheng)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路線和(he)(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。因此,加(jia)強黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),必須堅(jian)(jian)持和(he)(he)加(jia)強黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)領(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)。
三、堅持共產(chan)黨(dang)領(ling)導的多黨(dang)合作和(he)民主協商制(zhi)度,不斷完善和(he)創(chuang)新黨(dang)的領(ling)導制(zhi)度
1949年(nian)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)屆(jie)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)召開(kai)使得(de)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)建設向(xiang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)邁出一(yi)(yi)(yi)大步(bu),標志著中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)合(he)(he)作(zuo)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)從(cong)此在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建立,并(bing)史無前(qian)(qian)(qian)例地開(kai)創(chuang)(chuang)了(le)(le)(le)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)執政(zheng)(zheng)、其他政(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參政(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全新(xin)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),同(tong)時(shi)也承認了(le)(le)(le)多黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)合(he)(he)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)地位(wei)。1956年(nian),我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)確定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)與派(pai)“長(chang)期共(gong)(gong)存,互(hu)相監督”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針(zhen),1982年(nian)9月,黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)二大進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)豐(feng)富(fu)了(le)(le)(le)該(gai)方針(zhen),明(ming)確提(ti)出“長(chang)期共(gong)(gong)存、互(hu)相監督、肝膽相照、榮(rong)辱與共(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與派(pai)合(he)(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針(zhen),并(bing)加強了(le)(le)(le)同(tong)各派(pai)、無黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)士、少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)士和(he)宗教(jiao)界愛國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)。凝聚社會(hui)(hui)(hui)共(gong)(gong)識,既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)推行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),更是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)根據中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情(qing)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成功典范。多黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)合(he)(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型政(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于(yu)西方兩黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)多黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)克思(si)列寧(ning)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),根據中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)具體國(guo)(guo)(guo)情(qing)而(er)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)出具有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。多黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)合(he)(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)提(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)堅持中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心領導地位(wei),其他黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)具有(you)(you)參政(zheng)(zheng)議政(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利,這樣(yang)既(ji)有(you)(you)效避免了(le)(le)(le)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)爭斗,互(hu)相惡性競(jing)爭,又(you)能激發(fa)各黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)參與管(guan)理(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家事務,發(fa)揮他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聰明(ming)才智,協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)對話,從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決策(ce)、科學決策(ce)。協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)含有(you)(you)多種組織形(xing)式(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)道路(lu)(lu)發(fa)展(zhan)至今獨具一(yi)(yi)(yi)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)利于(yu)把全國(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量(liang)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)起來,大大增強民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)凝聚力和(he)號召力。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個人(ren)口大國(guo)(guo)(guo),十(shi)四億(yi)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情(qing)就得(de)讓(rang)十(shi)四億(yi)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)來商(shang)(shang)(shang)量(liang)決定(ding)(ding),這不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅緩和(he)調節了(le)(le)(le)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)關系,也減(jian)少了(le)(le)(le)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生,讓(rang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)更加深入(ru)人(ren)心。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八(ba)大以來,我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)總結(jie)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)建設過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成功經驗(yan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)改(gai)進(jin)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四中(zhong)(zhong)全會(hui)(hui)(hui)指出:“必須堅持人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體地位(wei),堅定(ding)(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)移(yi)走中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)道路(lu)(lu),健全民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),豐(feng)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),拓(tuo)寬民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渠(qu)道,依法實(shi)行民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選舉(ju)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)協(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決策(ce)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理(li)(li)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)監督。”[4](p10)正是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)摸(mo)索前(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin),我(wo)(wo)們黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)總結(jie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),豐(feng)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內涵,創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)色社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)優越性得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)巨大體現(xian),在(zai)(zai)這次(ci)肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)爆(bao)發(fa)后(hou),我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)所(suo)以能在(zai)(zai)短(duan)時(shi)間內控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)住疫(yi)情(qing),與我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)決策(ce)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也彰顯我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢。
四、堅定不移(yi)推(tui)進政治體制改革,為民主(zhu)政治建設(she)創造必要(yao)條件
黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)五(wu)大(da)(da)深刻總結(jie)(jie)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)我國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗教訓,明確(que)指出(chu)(chu):“建設有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)領(ling)導(dao)下(xia),在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo),發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”[5](p20)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)六大(da)(da)報告進(jin)一(yi)步明確(que)指出(chu)(chu):“發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),最(zui)根本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)要把(ba)(ba)(ba)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)、人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)統(tong)一(yi)起(qi)來。”[6](p31)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)是(shi)(shi)根本和前(qian)提(ti),保證了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)后兩(liang)者在(zai)(zai)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)序貫(guan)徹執行(xing);人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)當(dang)家(jia)(jia)做主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)保障(zhang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)廣大(da)(da)中(zhong)華兒女的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切身(shen)利(li)益,是(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心、本質;依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)把(ba)(ba)(ba)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寫(xie)(xie)進(jin)憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa),走(zou)向法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌(gui)道,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)領(ling)導(dao)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執政(zheng)(zheng)能力。走(zou)有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道路,必須(xu)把(ba)(ba)(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)三者有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)統(tong)一(yi)起(qi)來,把(ba)(ba)(ba)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性(xing)(xing)更(geng)加(jia)凸顯出(chu)(chu)來,推進(jin)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)體系和治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)能力現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心是(shi)(shi)發(fa)揚人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),為了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)讓這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)制度(du)(du)不(bu)斷(duan)完善,煥發(fa)活力,我們(men)實(shi)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)代表(biao)大(da)(da)會(hui)制度(du)(du)、中(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)領(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多黨(dang)合(he)作(zuo)和政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協商制度(du)(du)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族區域自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)(du)、基層群眾(zhong)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)(du)來保障(zhang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權利(li)落到(dao)實(shi)處。只有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)掌握國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切權力,把(ba)(ba)(ba)所有(you)(you)(you)權益握在(zai)(zai)自身(shen)手(shou)中(zhong),才能良好激發(fa)積極性(xing)(xing)和創造性(xing)(xing)。歷史證明,只有(you)(you)(you)高舉民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)旗幟,充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)勢,才能得到(dao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擁戴否(fou)則(ze)便會(hui)被人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)拋棄。“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為邦(bang)本,本固邦(bang)寧(ning)”,依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)作(zuo)為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)方式,自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)發(fa)點便是(shi)(shi)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)和完善起(qi)著保障(zhang)作(zuo)用。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成立(li)之初我們(men)擁有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第一(yi)部(bu)完整而系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)四”憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa),黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)五(wu)大(da)(da)還首次(ci)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)“法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)概(gai)念(nian),第九(jiu)屆全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)二次(ci)會(hui)議(yi)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)“依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)”寫(xie)(xie)進(jin)《憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》修正案中(zhong)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)先進(jin)程(cheng)度(du)(du),西(xi)方國(guo)家(jia)(jia)把(ba)(ba)(ba)憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)為最(zui)高理(li)念(nian),國(guo)內一(yi)切事務都以憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)為基準,憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)也是(shi)(shi)西(xi)方國(guo)家(jia)(jia)分(fen)權制衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心關鍵所在(zai)(zai)。而對于中(zhong)國(guo)來講,堅(jian)持依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo),是(shi)(shi)我們(men)黨(dang)處理(li)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)事務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準則(ze),也極大(da)(da)保證了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性(xing)(xing)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八(ba)大(da)(da)以來,我們(men)黨(dang)對全面推進(jin)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識達(da)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du),依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)不(bu)僅關乎(hu)社(she)會(hui)公平正義,更(geng)加(jia)關乎(hu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化,只有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)斷(duan)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo),才能實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)黨(dang)和國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久安。我國(guo)在(zai)(zai)推進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong),積累了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)少豐(feng)富經(jing)驗,隨著實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)將(jiang)會(hui)產生新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗,總結(jie)(jie)這(zhe)(zhe)些經(jing)驗將(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)助于實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),有(you)(you)(you)助于在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)(te)色社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建設上(shang)行(xing)穩致遠。
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作者:單位(wei):曹(cao)均學(xue) 張玉 王樂西(xi)華師范大學(xue)馬克思(si)主義(yi)學(xue)院