導(dao)語：UG軟件在數控(kong)加工(gong)的運用一文(wen)來源于網友上(shang)傳，不代表本站觀(guan)點，若(ruo)需要原創文(wen)章(zhang)可咨詢客(ke)服老師(shi)，歡迎參(can)考。

1引言

在數控加工網絡教學中結合ug軟件，以多媒體教學形式，通過對數控裝置進行仿真操作教學，從繪制待加工零(ling)件、演示零(ling)件數控(kong)加工過程，到后處理(li)生成NC程序，其整個動態的仿真(zhen)操作使教(jiao)(jiao)學過程易教(jiao)(jiao)、易學，滿足教(jiao)(jiao)學需(xu)求，使教(jiao)(jiao)學效果顯著增強，能夠達到實訓目的。

2數(shu)控加工技術網絡課程(cheng)與(yu)UG軟件相結合(he)的構建思路

基于UG軟件建設數控加工技術網絡課程，本課程以行為導向為教育理念，以工作過程為主線，以技能操作為重點仿真過程，從學生學習效果和企業實際生產角度出發，以職業崗位所需要的技能和知識為目標，從而增強學生學習的真實感，促進學生對數控加工技術的掌握。因此，本文對該網絡課程的構建提出以下思路。項目導入教學，激發學生學習興趣數控加工技術網絡課程必須與社會接軌，如今UG已成為世界機械CAD/CAE/CAM領域的新標準，而CAD/CAE/CAM技術朝著集成化、網絡化、標準化、專業化和智能化方向發展，在現代制造業中使用越來越普及[3]。UG三維數控建模教學工具有較大優越性，在網絡課程建設中突出建設UG軟件的仿真過程，讓學生獲取最新的技術，才能更好地適應企業的發展。項目來自企業實際生產中精選的案例，以軸類零件、盤類零件、箱體類零件等實際生產中常見產品配合其設計和工藝流程形成完整的加工過程，貫徹行為導向的教育理念，絕大多數的知識內容基于項目的工作過程而展開。項目導入可將生產實踐項目引入課程建設之中，通過結合實際生產的方式進行新知識的引入，可以提高學生對課程的重視。任務驅動教學，提高專業教學水平在課程建設中要采用任務驅動的方式，從而確定課程內容。根據知識點來設計任務，以單一循環指令、復合循環指令、切槽循環指令、螺紋加工指令等主要知識為課程的重點內容，配合案例進行分析及演示。運用任務驅動教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)法，可(ke)以遵循(xun)固有的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)結(jie)構關系(xi)進行教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)，同時解決(jue)傳統教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)不能夠將指令的(de)(de)(de)(de)講(jiang)解和實(shi)際操作相結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，使學(xue)(xue)習(xi)過程(cheng)難(nan)點(dian)(dian)內容更加(jia)直(zhi)觀呈(cheng)現，從而提高(gao)專(zhuan)業(ye)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)水(shui)平。軟件與教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)緊密結(jie)合(he)，彌補實(shi)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足從企(qi)業(ye)生產實(shi)際和教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)角度(du)出發，課(ke)程(cheng)也相應(ying)按專(zhuan)業(ye)崗位需(xu)求(qiu)知(zhi)識(shi)、技能構建(jian)其(qi)課(ke)程(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)，根據課(ke)程(cheng)內容和學(xue)(xue)生特點(dian)(dian)，合(he)理設計教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方(fang)法與教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)評價，產品設計和編(bian)程(cheng)技巧(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)講(jiang)解應(ying)注重理論和實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊密結(jie)合(he)。采用UG三維(wei)數控(kong)建(jian)模(mo)軟件的(de)(de)(de)(de)CAM模(mo)塊(kuai)模(mo)擬操作，學(xue)(xue)生可(ke)以很好地進行三維(wei)模(mo)型(xing)構建(jian)，虛擬仿(fang)真和真實(shi)三維(wei)數控(kong)加(jia)工相一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境可(ke)以增強學(xue)(xue)生對數控(kong)機床的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作程(cheng)度(du)，通過網(wang)絡系(xi)統學(xue)(xue)習(xi)可(ke)以彌補學(xue)(xue)生缺少(shao)實(shi)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足。

3UG軟件數控仿真(zhen)基本(ben)過程

本文以(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)軸類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例，毛(mao)坯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Φ40mm×50mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)45#鋼，對(dui)其(qi)進行(xing)(xing)外(wai)圓固定(ding)循環加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，粗糙度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Ra3.2μm。利用(yong)(yong)UG軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)實(shi)現數(shu)控編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)仿(fang)(fang)真過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包(bao)括零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)三維(wei)(wei)實(shi)體(ti)造(zao)(zao)型、零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)析(xi)、刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)軌(gui)跡生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)仿(fang)(fang)真等(deng)幾(ji)個主要步(bu)驟(zou)。建立三維(wei)(wei)實(shi)體(ti)造(zao)(zao)型UG作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)款具(ju)(ju)備三維(wei)(wei)實(shi)體(ti)設計、曲面造(zao)(zao)型和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)設計等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，在(zai)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)根據(ju)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)類型合理(li)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)繪制，在(zai)UG軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)xOy平面繪制草圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，以(yi)(yi)x軸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)回轉(zhuan)軸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)樣造(zao)(zao)型如圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)1所(suo)示。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)析(xi)合理(li)確定(ding)數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)和效率非(fei)常重要。工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)處理(li)包(bao)括選用(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)設備、刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)類型，確定(ding)對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)方(fang)式(shi)和對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)點，確定(ding)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法等(deng)。本文待加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)軸類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，外(wai)輪廓較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)簡單，選擇(ze)(ze)臥式(shi)數(shu)控車(che)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。在(zai)機(ji)床視(shi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)圓車(che)刀(dao)(dao)（如圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)2所(suo)示），在(zai)幾(ji)何視(shi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)建立坐標系(xi)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)式(shi)創(chuang)建粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)（如圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3所(suo)示）。刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)軌(gui)跡生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仿(fang)(fang)真設定(ding)好毛(mao)坯，依次選擇(ze)(ze)設定(ding)切(qie)削參(can)數(shu)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)式(shi)等(deng)其(qi)他(ta)參(can)數(shu)（如圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)4所(suo)示），選擇(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)刀(dao)(dao)軌(gui)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，并(bing)模擬仿(fang)(fang)真零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，查看刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)軌(gui)跡是否合適(shi)。如果不(bu)(bu)合適(shi)，可(ke)返回到(dao)前面的(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)驟(zou)進行(xing)(xing)修(xiu)改或調(diao)整。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)5為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)軌(gui)跡，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)6為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仿(fang)(fang)真圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)NC程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序代碼通過UG軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序，刀(dao)(dao)軌(gui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)，系(xi)統提(ti)(ti)示沒有(you)錯(cuo)誤后(hou)進行(xing)(xing)仿(fang)(fang)真操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，通過后(hou)處理(li)直接(jie)導(dao)出(chu)數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序。UG后(hou)置處理(li)功(gong)能(neng)將有(you)限元計算產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)以(yi)(yi)形(xing)象(xiang)、直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)毛(mao)坯各階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)[4]。用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)針對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)床和操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)系(xi)統生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)txt格(ge)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序文檔，省去直接(jie)編寫(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩，也減(jian)少其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)提(ti)(ti)升效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)減(jian)小了誤差(cha)。圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)7為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)NC程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序代碼。

4UG軟件在數控加工技(ji)術網(wang)絡課(ke)程中應用的教學優勢(shi)

構(gou)建(jian)數控加工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術網(wang)絡課程(cheng)，采用(yong)項目(mu)導(dao)入方式，更好地(di)引起學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)興趣，使(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)課程(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)關(guan)注，根據知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)點(dian)設(she)計任(ren)務，引導(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進一(yi)步學(xue)(xue)(xue)習。教學(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容主(zhu)要為(wei)程(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)令的(de)講解(jie)及(ji)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝分析。結合(he)(he)UG軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)給學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)演示(shi)整個過程(cheng)作(zuo)為(wei)實驗環(huan)節(jie)，向學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)重點(dian)介紹參考坐(zuo)標系的(de)確(que)定(ding)、毛坯的(de)選擇、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)參數設(she)定(ding)等(deng)相(xiang)關(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容，并(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具路(lu)徑，進行(xing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。基于UG軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)模擬仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)構(gou)建(jian)數控加工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術網(wang)絡課程(cheng)，通過多媒體(ti)視頻方式向學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)展示(shi)，形成(cheng)便利(li)協作(zuo)交流平(ping)臺，UG軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)模擬從(cong)繪(hui)制零(ling)件(jian)(jian)到零(ling)件(jian)(jian)完成(cheng)的(de)整個加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)，使(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)有更為(wei)深(shen)刻的(de)認知(zhi)(zhi)。另外，通過對(dui)資源進行(xing)整合(he)(he)，將仿(fang)(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)過程(cheng)和視頻、聲(sheng)音(yin)、字(zi)幕(mu)等(deng)多媒體(ti)元素(su)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)，使(shi)(shi)課程(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容更加豐富(fu)，形成(cheng)完整的(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)體(ti)系內(nei)(nei)(nei)容，有效(xiao)地(di)將教學(xue)(xue)(xue)和實驗環(huan)節(jie)聯(lian)系起來，從(cong)而達到更佳(jia)的(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)效(xiao)果。

5結語

將UG軟(ruan)件引入數(shu)(shu)控加工(gong)技術網絡課程，解決學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)人數(shu)(shu)眾(zhong)多和數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)有限的矛盾，豐(feng)富理論教學(xue)內容的同時激發了學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的學(xue)習(xi)興趣，為學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)將來走(zou)向社(she)會從(cong)事數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)操作(zuo)和研究奠(dian)定(ding)十(shi)分(fen)堅實的基礎(chu)。

參考文獻

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作(zuo)者:霍天樞 單位:吉林廣(guang)播電視(shi)大學