導(dao)語：歐式木窗生(sheng)產工藝及(ji)加工設備(bei)一文來(lai)源于網友上傳，不(bu)代表本站觀(guan)點，若需要原創文章(zhang)可(ke)咨(zi)詢(xun)客服(fu)老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

1歐式木窗生產工藝

1.1原材料選擇

由于歐(ou)式木窗用(yong)材(cai)(cai)的斷面尺(chi)寸相對較大(da)，形狀比較復雜，因(yin)此(ci)其(qi)基材(cai)(cai)結構(gou)(gou)多(duo)采用(yong)三層結構(gou)(gou)集成(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)（拼方材(cai)(cai)）。作(zuo)為一種天然(ran)基材(cai)(cai)，集成(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)（拼方材(cai)(cai)）并沒(mei)有改變木材(cai)(cai)的結構(gou)(gou)，因(yin)此(ci)其(qi)形狀穩(wen)定、不易變形，仍然(ran)保(bao)留了(le)天然(ran)木材(cai)(cai)的質感，同時其(qi)力(li)學(xue)性能和(he)材(cai)(cai)料質量(liang)都比實體木材(cai)(cai)好。

1.1.1集成材(cai)（拼(pin)方材(cai)）生(sheng)產工藝

由于松木的(de)握釘力強度和彈性(xing)(xing)模量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)高，耐腐性(xing)(xing)能(neng)及油漆性(xing)(xing)能(neng)也較(jiao)(jiao)好，因(yin)此是集成材(cai)(cai)(cai)（拼(pin)方材(cai)(cai)(cai)）的(de)主要原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，在(zai)三(san)層(ceng)基(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)結構中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，表(biao)面的(de)一層(ceng)用徑切或半徑切材(cai)(cai)(cai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間的(de)一層(ceng)用弦切材(cai)(cai)(cai)。在(zai)生產過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，剔除節子、腐朽、開裂等(deng)木材(cai)(cai)(cai)缺(que)陷，再制造出缺(que)陷較(jiao)(jiao)少的(de)集成材(cai)(cai)(cai)。

1.1.2集成材（拼方材）關鍵生(sheng)產工序(xu)

（1）在(zai)指(zhi)接生產(chan)線中(zhong)，指(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)密(mi)度為(wei)0.35~0.47g/cm3，在(zai)小(xiao)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)(duan)部留有(you)適(shi)(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工余(yu)量以保(bao)證(zheng)小(xiao)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)端(duan)(duan)部的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)齊度。為(wei)了(le)小(xiao)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)指(zhi)接時(shi)(shi)結(jie)合緊密(mi)，小(xiao)料(liao)方(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)經(jing)銑齒(chi)機(ji)鋸片精截后，再使(shi)用(yong)(yong)銑刀銑齒(chi)；采(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)械(xie)噴涂(tu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)對指(zhi)形(xing)榫進行涂(tu)膠（單端(duan)(duan)涂(tu)膠），涂(tu)膠量為(wei)150~200g/cm2。在(zai)指(zhi)形(xing)榫的(de)(de)(de)接長中(zhong)需要一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)(duan)向(xiang)(xiang)壓(ya)力，其(qi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)與(yu)樹種(zhong)及(ji)指(zhi)榫長度有(you)關，相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)樹種(zhong)，指(zhi)形(xing)短的(de)(de)(de)，端(duan)(duan)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力大(da)(da)；相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)長，不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)樹種(zhong)，木材(cai)(cai)(cai)密(mi)度大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)樹種(zhong)，端(duan)(duan)向(xiang)(xiang)壓(ya)力大(da)(da)。（2）集成(cheng)或拼(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)時(shi)(shi)，相互膠拼(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)拼(pin)(pin)材(cai)(cai)(cai)含(han)水率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)差異不應大(da)(da)于(yu)1%，它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙度值(zhi)應為(wei)200~300μm。一(yi)般(ban)來說，涂(tu)膠時(shi)(shi)涂(tu)膠量應控(kong)制(zhi)為(wei)150~180g/cm2。膠合壓(ya)力應控(kong)制(zhi)為(wei)0.7~0.8MPa。一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)膠拼(pin)(pin)件的(de)(de)(de)正面(mian)(mian)(mian)施以適(shi)(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力，以防止膠拼(pin)(pin)件膠合時(shi)(shi)產(chan)生翹起缺(que)陷(xian)。另外(wai)，木材(cai)(cai)(cai)必須(xu)經(jing)過(guo)干燥處理，使(shi)其(qi)含(han)水率(lv)達到12%，并經(jing)過(guo)防腐處理。由于(yu)木材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)徑向(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)弦向(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)收水分不同(tong)，弦向(xiang)(xiang)板(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)在(zai)吸(xi)收水分后容易(yi)產(chan)生瓦(wa)形(xing)彎(wan)曲。因此集成(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)（拼(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)）表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層使(shi)用(yong)(yong)徑向(xiang)(xiang)板(ban)，中(zhong)間的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層使(shi)用(yong)(yong)弦向(xiang)(xiang)板(ban)。這樣不但集成(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)穩(wen)定性(xing)好，而且木窗表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)木材(cai)(cai)(cai)紋理也更加(jia)美觀。

1.2歐式木窗的生產工藝流程(cheng)及(ji)關鍵設備

歐式木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)分為備(bei)料、鋸刨(bao)(bao)、開(kai)榫(sun)(sun)(sun)、組(zu)坯和(he)(he)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段，主(zhu)要(yao)設(she)備(bei)有(you)橫截鋸、四面(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)光刨(bao)(bao)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)、組(zu)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)等(deng)。隨著(zhu)科學技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，尤其是自動化(hua)、信息化(hua)、數字(zi)化(hua)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)，木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)質(zhi)量(liang)大(da)大(da)提高(gao)。（1）四面(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)光刨(bao)(bao)：精(jing)(jing)光刨(bao)(bao)作為精(jing)(jing)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵設(she)備(bei)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占有(you)重要(yao)地(di)位，刨(bao)(bao)光作為木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，主(zhu)要(yao)是通過精(jing)(jing)光刨(bao)(bao)把表面(mian)(mian)粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)長木(mu)(mu)(mu)料刨(bao)(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)光潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平面(mian)(mian)，以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)表面(mian)(mian)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，為后續(xu)涂飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)作鋪(pu)墊，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)矯直相對彎曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)料，確保其四面(mian)(mian)之間為精(jing)(jing)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直角。在(zai)(zai)(zai)刨(bao)(bao)光過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，精(jing)(jing)光刨(bao)(bao)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)分離和(he)(he)鋸切出(chu)玻璃(li)條(tiao)，其加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低對木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)及后續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂飾效果均(jun)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，對窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)進(jin)行精(jing)(jing)光加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)省(sheng)去基(ji)(ji)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂光工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)。精(jing)(jing)光刨(bao)(bao)配(pei)(pei)有(you)專用(yong)(yong)刃具能夠保持(chi)刃具鋒利(li)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)避免出(chu)現壓(ya)光及壓(ya)痕等(deng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)缺陷。（2）木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)現代歐式木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)大(da)大(da)提高(gao)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)及生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)一般配(pei)(pei)有(you)五(wu)六(liu)個(ge)刀軸(zhou)，每(mei)個(ge)刀軸(zhou)都(dou)有(you)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，分別用(yong)(yong)于窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端頭定(ding)(ding)尺橫截、窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)料兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榫(sun)(sun)(sun)頭與(yu)(yu)榫(sun)(sun)(sun)簧加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)扇周邊(bian)防劈(pi)裂銑(xian)型(xing)(xing)、窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)與(yu)(yu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)扇邊(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銑(xian)型(xing)(xing)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)與(yu)(yu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接槽、五(wu)金件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)槽或(huo)(huo)其他特殊(shu)要(yao)求型(xing)(xing)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)將部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)所有(you)相互配(pei)(pei)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)面(mian)(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)同(tong)(tong)一定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準上完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，一次定(ding)(ding)基(ji)(ji)準后，由計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)數字(zi)控(kong)制，將部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，從而完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，不僅提高(gao)了加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)，也(ye)解決了產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)多(duo)樣性生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。（3）組(zu)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)：使(shi)用(yong)(yong)帶涂膠機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)根部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端頭涂膠，并施(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力把窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)及窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)扇部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行組(zu)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，其接合處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接方式為榫(sun)(sun)(sun)頭、榫(sun)(sun)(sun)簧或(huo)(huo)圓榫(sun)(sun)(sun)。窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)框(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)與(yu)(yu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)扇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)銑(xian)削(xue)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起著(zhu)承上啟下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。除(chu)了銑(xian)型(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)種通風槽、五(wu)金件(jian)(jian)(jian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)槽、密封條(tiao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)槽等(deng)。此(ci)外(wai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)需要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)橫截鋸、鉸鏈孔(kong)打(da)(da)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、把手(shou)打(da)(da)眼機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、圓棒(bang)榫(sun)(sun)(sun)打(da)(da)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、切角機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)訂角機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)設(she)備(bei)，以(yi)滿足不同(tong)(tong)結(jie)構及不同(tong)(tong)外(wai)形(xing)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。木(mu)(mu)(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)截斷、開(kai)榫(sun)(sun)(sun)和(he)(he)銑(xian)型(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)由計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)控(kong)制，大(da)大(da)提高(gao)了加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率。

1.3歐式木窗的涂飾工藝

1.3.1涂飾工(gong)藝流程

歐式木(mu)(mu)窗的(de)涂(tu)飾工(gong)藝(yi)分(fen)浸(jin)(jin)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)和噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)兩(liang)道工(gong)序(xu)。浸(jin)(jin)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)序(xu)是在(zai)浸(jin)(jin)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)池(chi)內放入底(di)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)、著色劑和防腐劑，利用(yong)吊(diao)鉤把木(mu)(mu)框(kuang)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)放進(jin)浸(jin)(jin)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)池(chi)中，使(shi)木(mu)(mu)框(kuang)的(de)四邊分(fen)別(bie)浸(jin)(jin)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)，如圖6所(suo)示；在(zai)稍微(wei)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)后，利用(yong)吊(diao)鉤將木(mu)(mu)框(kuang)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)送(song)進(jin)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)工(gong)段。噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)工(gong)序(xu)是將經過浸(jin)(jin)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)木(mu)(mu)框(kuang)表面進(jin)行輕(qing)微(wei)打磨，利用(yong)真空噴(pen)(pen)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)槍(qiang)對木(mu)(mu)框(kuang)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)，然后將噴(pen)(pen)過面漆(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)木(mu)(mu)框(kuang)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)傳送(song)到(dao)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)區(qu)，經過一定時間(jian)的(de)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)后，再將工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)送(song)回(hui)噴(pen)(pen)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)臺進(jin)行第(di)二(er)次(ci)噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)。

1.3.2涂飾的關鍵(jian)工序(xu)

歐式木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)藝(yi)比一般木(mu)制品的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)藝(yi)復雜，通常以水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)不僅具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)漆膜彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)、粘結性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等特點，而且還具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)視(shi)覺效果與環保性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，是涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)發展方(fang)向。（1）浸漆：一般利(li)用水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)對(dui)歐式木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)底層進行涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（浸涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)或淋涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)），浸涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)200～400s，固體(ti)含(han)(han)量約為(wei)(wei)40%，浸涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)1min；淋涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)60～100s，固體(ti)含(han)(han)量約為(wei)(wei)60%，必須全(quan)部淋透。涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)干(gan)燥(zao)時(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)30min，完(wan)全(quan)干(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)4～6h，在(zai)自然干(gan)燥(zao)條(tiao)件下，室(shi)內溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)20～35℃、相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)50%～65%，空氣(qi)的(de)(de)流(liu)速(su)要大于0.5m/s。（2）噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)：利(li)用水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)對(dui)歐式木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)層噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)兩(liang)遍，噴(pen)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)所用涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)60～100s，固體(ti)含(han)(han)量約為(wei)(wei)60%，涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)干(gan)燥(zao)時(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)30min，完(wan)全(quan)干(gan)燥(zao)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)4～6h，在(zai)自然干(gan)燥(zao)條(tiao)件下，室(shi)內溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)20～35℃、相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)50%～65%，空氣(qi)的(de)(de)流(liu)速(su)要大于0.5m/s。在(zai)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)了能夠更好地保護和(he)(he)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)，水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)構成的(de)(de)漆膜需與木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基材(cai)緊密結合，水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)形成的(de)(de)漆膜粘合性(xing)(xing)(xing)與附著力好就能更好地粘附在(zai)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，從而持久地保護和(he)(he)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)，否(fou)則漆膜會(hui)出現裂紋和(he)(he)損壞等缺陷(xian)，有(you)(you)些(xie)部位甚至(zhi)會(hui)脫皮掉落。

1.4五(wu)金件(jian)、密封(feng)條(tiao)、扣件(jian)及(ji)玻(bo)璃的安裝(zhuang)

利用翻轉式工作臺及密封條車等加工設備可(ke)(ke)完成木窗(chuang)五金(jin)件(jian)與(yu)玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)安裝，其流(liu)程如圖8所示。木窗(chuang)的(de)(de)安裝比較簡單(dan)(dan)，但對(dui)木窗(chuang)零件(jian)的(de)(de)結構和尺寸(cun)精度有相應的(de)(de)技術要求，安裝時應按照要求，避(bi)免木窗(chuang)零件(jian)損(sun)壞，以(yi)(yi)確保零部件(jian)精度滿足木窗(chuang)本身的(de)(de)設計要求。五金(jin)件(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)窗(chuang)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)開放與(yu)鎖(suo)閉方式更加多(duo)樣化(hua)，根(gen)據窗(chuang)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)選擇單(dan)(dan)點閉鎖(suo)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)選擇多(duo)點閉鎖(suo)。五金(jin)件(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)完善窗(chuang)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)通(tong)風、采光與(yu)觀景(jing)，其造(zao)型(xing)多(duo)樣、色彩(cai)多(duo)變(bian)并與(yu)木材相協調，同時五金(jin)件(jian)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)作為工藝品增加木窗(chuang)的(de)(de)裝飾性能(neng)。

2歐式木窗的優越性及(ji)發展趨勢

木(mu)材(cai)具(ju)有(you)可再生及永續利(li)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點，并具(ju)有(you)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能及廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)適用性(xing)(xing)，是一種(zhong)環境友好型(xing)材(cai)料(liao)。因(yin)此以木(mu)材(cai)為原料(liao)制造的(de)(de)(de)(de)高性(xing)(xing)能木(mu)窗(chuang)也(ye)具(ju)有(you)許多(duo)優點。作為一種(zhong)外觀豪華、性(xing)(xing)能優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)部件，木(mu)窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)更(geng)加個(ge)性(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與精品化(hua)(hua)(hua)，并向著自動化(hua)(hua)(hua)、系列化(hua)(hua)(hua)、高檔化(hua)(hua)(hua)、人(ren)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)、多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向發展(zhan)。

2.1歐式木(mu)窗(chuang)的優點

（1）結(jie)構強(qiang)度高(gao)、密(mi)封性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)。由于歐(ou)式(shi)木(mu)窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)實木(mu)基材(cai)結(jie)構沒(mei)有(you)(you)改變木(mu)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構和特(te)點，抗拉和抗壓(ya)等力(li)學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)都較(jiao)高(gao)，因此(ci)其(qi)結(jie)構強(qiang)度高(gao)，不(bu)易變形。歐(ou)式(shi)木(mu)窗(chuang)通過增加(jia)平面密(mi)封體系提(ti)高(gao)了(le)木(mu)窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)。在窗(chuang)框與(yu)窗(chuang)扇之間以(yi)多道密(mi)封條進(jin)行密(mi)封，使木(mu)窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)。（2）保溫及隔聲性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)。木(mu)材(cai)本身(shen)就是一種(zhong)天然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)保溫材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，導熱(re)系數非常低(di)，并且木(mu)窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊結(jie)構又(you)以(yi)專用構件連(lian)接，可有(you)(you)效(xiao)地阻止熱(re)量的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)失。因此(ci)木(mu)窗(chuang)能(neng)夠大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)建筑(zhu)能(neng)耗，保溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)優良(liang)。中空玻璃的(de)(de)(de)使用及特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封工藝使現代高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)歐(ou)式(shi)木(mu)窗(chuang)降(jiang)噪(zao)可達25dB左右，隔聲性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)，滿(man)足(zu)了(le)人(ren)們對(dui)建筑(zhu)噪(zao)聲的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。（3）美(mei)(mei)觀(guan)(guan)、裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao)。木(mu)材(cai)所具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)色(se)(se)彩使其(qi)視(shi)(shi)覺與(yu)觸覺效(xiao)果更加(jia)宜人(ren)，其(qi)屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)極具親(qin)和力(li)，各種(zhong)風格色(se)(se)調及顏色(se)(se)屬(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)夠營造出一種(zhong)和諧舒心的(de)(de)(de)氛圍。其(qi)與(yu)以(yi)竹、木(mu)、藤等為材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)具相(xiang)(xiang)匹配，渾然(ran)一體，美(mei)(mei)觀(guan)(guan)宜人(ren)，自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)與(yu)工藝的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合，親(qin)近自(zi)然(ran)而又(you)追(zhui)隨現代，可滿(man)足(zu)人(ren)們追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)自(zi)然(ran)、返樸歸真的(de)(de)(de)視(shi)(shi)覺及心理需求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

2.2歐式(shi)木窗的發(fa)展趨勢(shi)

2.2.1基(ji)材(cai)(cai)采(cai)用(yong)集(ji)成材(cai)(cai)或集(ji)成材(cai)(cai)與鋼(gang)、鋁、塑等(deng)的復合(he)材(cai)(cai)料木(mu)材(cai)(cai)存在固有(you)的缺陷，具(ju)有(you)各(ge)向異性并且濕脹(zhang)干(gan)縮，尺寸(cun)隨著(zhu)含水率(lv)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)，極不穩定。所以，可采(cai)用(yong)集(ji)成材(cai)(cai)作為(wei)基(ji)材(cai)(cai)制作窗(chuang)(chuang)框和窗(chuang)(chuang)扇。集(ji)成材(cai)(cai)固有(you)的特點使(shi)得(de)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)結構(gou)性能得(de)到(dao)大大改善，同時隨著(zhu)鋼(gang)木(mu)、木(mu)鋁、木(mu)塑等(deng)復合(he)材(cai)(cai)料的使(shi)用(yong)，不僅可以提高(gao)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)的隔溫、隔噪、節能等(deng)性能，而且還能延長(chang)木(mu)窗(chuang)(chuang)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

2.2.2向高(gao)(gao)檔、節能、造型靈活多(duo)變(bian)的方向發展隨(sui)著歐式木(mu)窗的應用與推廣，其不(bu)僅向低端(duan)市場普(pu)及還向高(gao)(gao)端(duan)市場發展。木(mu)窗的結構(gou)和款式也隨(sui)著消費需求不(bu)斷地創新發展，不(bu)僅可(ke)以滿足木(mu)窗的基(ji)本防噪隔音性(xing)能需求，而且(qie)其樣式更(geng)加典(dian)雅精致，還可(ke)以滿足人(ren)們對(dui)回(hui)歸自(zi)然(ran)的心理需求。

3結束語

數控加工(gong)中心、精(jing)面刨等木工(gong)機械設備的(de)應用，尤其(qi)是先進(jin)木窗(chuang)生產(chan)線的(de)引進(jin)，使木窗(chuang)的(de)加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)和生產(chan)效率大大提高。新材料的(de)不斷涌現(xian)及(ji)(ji)木窗(chuang)加工(gong)工(gong)藝的(de)改進(jin)，使木窗(chuang)的(de)設計更符(fu)加合人們的(de)需求。隨著消費(fei)需求與消費(fei)理(li)念(nian)的(de)變化，歐(ou)式木窗(chuang)不僅(jin)在低端市場普及(ji)(ji)，而且開始向高端窗(chuang)戶消費(fei)市場發展，將逐漸成為現(xian)代(dai)裝修的(de)時尚產(chan)品。

作者:杜祥(xiang)哲 齊英(ying)杰 馬(ma)雷 馬(ma)巖(yan) 胡忠林(lin) 單(dan)位(wei):東北林(lin)業(ye)大(da)學(xue)