導語：建筑工程保險與(yu)理賠探究論文一文來源(yuan)于網(wang)友上傳(chuan)，不代表本(ben)站觀點，若需要原創文章(zhang)可咨詢(xun)客服老師，歡(huan)迎參考(kao)。

1保險合同簽訂

在FIDIC合同條款中,對工程保險有明確和嚴格的的要求。承包商在簽訂工程合同后,自開工之日起就有建設并照管工程的責任,直至業主發出最終驗收證書為止。因建筑工程工期較長,受外(wai)界(jie)各(ge)種情況影(ying)響較大,為(wei)此承擔的風險(xian)也(ye)高。比(bi)如當雨季到來時,暴雨和洪水會導致山體(ti)滑(hua)坡、泥石流等(deng)災(zai)害,對路基產生較嚴重的損(sun)害。

業主為了保護工程項目的利益,往往在合同條款中要求承包商對所建工程連同材料和待安裝的工程設備投保,同時也要求承包商對人身或財產損害和第三者責任險投保。對保險公(gong)司的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)業主(zhu)指(zhi)定,也可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)承包(bao)商(shang)自己選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。承包(bao)商(shang)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司時(shi),應特別注(zhu)意(yi)其賠償(chang)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)資信(xin),并認(ren)真閱讀理解(jie)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)及有關細節,為更準確掌握理解(jie)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan),承包(bao)商(shang)可參加保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)專家的(de)(de)講座。在(zai)對投保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)險(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)時(shi),要分析施工過程中發生各(ge)種(zhong)事故的(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)性,準確的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)合(he)格的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)險(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)。有的(de)(de)合(he)同條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)已指(zhi)定了承包(bao)商(shang)必(bi)須投保(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)險(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong),如建(jian)筑(zhu)工程一切險(xian)(xian)(xian)、第三者責任險(xian)(xian)(xian)等,在(zai)投保(bao)(bao)時(shi)就(jiu)必(bi)須按(an)合(he)同條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)指(zhi)定險(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)進行投保(bao)(bao)。簽訂保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同前(qian),須與保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司磋(cuo)商(shang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)和(he)應注(zhu)意(yi)仔細閱讀理解(jie)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)有以下幾(ji)點:

1·1保(bao)險合(he)同的保(bao)險范圍

保(bao)險合同中規(gui)定那(nei)些責任和(he)(he)事故(gu)是在保(bao)險公司(si)(si)保(bao)險范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內的,那(nei)些責任和(he)(he)事故(gu)不是在保(bao)險公司(si)(si)保(bao)險范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內的。保(bao)險范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)將直接影(ying)響(xiang)出現風險事故(gu)后保(bao)險公司(si)(si)是否受理索賠(pei),所以(yi)要注(zhu)意明確保(bao)險范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)。

1·2保險合(he)同(tong)的(de)免(mian)賠金額(e)

在保(bao)險合(he)同中規(gui)定的絕對免(mian)(mian)賠(pei)額和絕對免(mian)(mian)賠(pei)率,保(bao)險合(he)同中規(gui)定了免(mian)(mian)賠(pei)額和免(mian)(mian)賠(pei)率在簽訂(ding)合(he)同前(qian)要確定,出(chu)現(xian)風險事故后計(ji)算出(chu)的損失金額如在免(mian)(mian)賠(pei)金額內的,保(bao)險公司(si)將不予賠(pei)償。

1·3合同規定的保險理賠程序和要求

出(chu)現風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事故后(hou)將按(an)(an)合(he)同(tong)(tong)規(gui)定的(de)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)程序進行理(li)賠(pei)(pei)工作。并按(an)(an)照合(he)同(tong)(tong)理(li)賠(pei)(pei)條款的(de)要(yao)求執行。如:合(he)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)規(gui)定出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)承包人需在一定的(de)期限(xian)(xian)內(nei)以書(shu)面(mian)形式報案,超出(chu)期限(xian)(xian)需經保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司書(shu)面(mian)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)等。在與保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司簽訂了保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)(tong)后(hou),承包商應在合(he)同(tong)(tong)規(gui)定的(de)期限(xian)(xian)內(nei)向業主(zhu)提(ti)供已按(an)(an)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條款要(yao)求所投的(de)各種保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)已生效的(de)證明,并向業主(zhu)提(ti)供保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)(tong)副本。所簽訂的(de)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)單(dan)應與發出(chu)中(zhong)標通知(zhi)書(shu)前(qian)達成的(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)總條款一致。

2出險后的工作

在承(cheng)包(bao)商履行合同(tong)的(de)(de)過程中,發生了風(feng)險(xian)事故(gu)(gu)后,承(cheng)包(bao)商的(de)(de)相關(guan)業(ye)務人(ren)員應(ying)立即趕到(dao)(dao)事故(gu)(gu)現(xian)場(chang),了解事故(gu)(gu)發生原因,勘查(cha)事故(gu)(gu)現(xian)場(chang),同(tong)時(shi)組織人(ren)力,機械對事故(gu)(gu)現(xian)場(chang)采取一切必要措(cuo)施防(fang)止損失的(de)(de)進一步擴大,并努力將損失減(jian)少到(dao)(dao)最低限(xian)度。在保險(xian)公司代(dai)表或(huo)檢(jian)驗人(ren)員到(dao)(dao)達(da)事故(gu)(gu)現(xian)場(chang)進行勘查(cha)之前,承(cheng)包(bao)商還應(ying)組織人(ren)員保護好事故(gu)(gu)發生現(xian)場(chang)及有關(guan)實物(wu)證據。

承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)在對事故現(xian)場詳細(xi)勘查完后(hou),應該在保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同規定的(de)期(qi)限內(nei)向保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)報案(an)。一般(ban)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)與承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)工地現(xian)場相距很(hen)遠,承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)在以(yi)書(shu)面形(xing)式通知(zhi)(zhi)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情況時可以(yi)先進行電話報案(an),以(yi)最快速度通知(zhi)(zhi)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)。接(jie)著向保險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)報送書(shu)面形(xing)式的(de)出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通知(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)。出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通知(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)的(de)報送可用多種方式,如郵(you)寄、電傳等,但(dan)要(yao)注意報送出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通知(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)要(yao)留有(you)底(di)稿(gao),并具有(you)法律效(xiao)力的(de)證(zheng)明(ming),以(yi)證(zheng)明(ming)承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)是在合(he)同規定的(de)期(qi)限內(nei)報案(an)的(de)。出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通知(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)內(nei)應寫明(ming)事故發(fa)生的(de)時間、地點、原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)以(yi)及承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)為減(jian)少損(sun)失(shi)(shi)采取的(de)措(cuo)施,所組織人(ren)員、機械數量,因(yin)(yin)災害損(sun)失(shi)(shi)的(de)金額等內(nei)容(rong)。同時在出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通知(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)的(de)附件中要(yao)有(you)全面、準確反映(ying)受災損(sun)失(shi)(shi)情況的(de)證(zheng)明(ming)資料(liao),這些資料(liao)主(zhu)要(yao)由以(yi)下幾方面組成:

(1)一份詳細描述(shu)事故發(fa)生過程,原因及時間、里程樁號和損失金額,并要求保險(xian)公(gong)司賠償的報告。

(2)由承包人繪制(zhi)的事故現(xian)場平、斷面圖,在圖中應標(biao)(biao)明里程樁號(hao),原設計標(biao)(biao)高,原地(di)(di)(di)面線標(biao)(biao)高,事故發(fa)生后測(ce)量的地(di)(di)(di)面線標(biao)(biao)高,及(ji)大(da)概的地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌變化等內容,以便于對(dui)比分析事故發(fa)生的范圍,并(bing)計算受災損失工程量。

(3)依據(ju)所繪制圖紙計(ji)算直接(jie)受(shou)災(zai)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)工作量。也可列出因此(ci)事故(gu)間(jian)接(jie)受(shou)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)工作量。例如,雨(yu)季(ji)發生洪水沖毀(hui)施工便道,施工車輛無法通行,導致工期延誤受(shou)到損(sun)失(shi)(shi)等。另外將(jiang)承包(bao)商為減少(shao)受(shou)災(zai)損(sun)失(shi)(shi),防止受(shou)災(zai)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)進一步(bu)擴大而組織人力、機械進行搶險的(de)(de)工作量也計(ji)算在(zai)內。統計(ji)計(ji)算完成(cheng)后,匯總(zong)為受(shou)災(zai)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)計(ji)算書,計(ji)算書中要特別注(zhu)明上述(shu)情況產生的(de)(de)費用(yong),用(yong)以確定索(suo)賠金額。

(4)承包(bao)商(shang)對事(shi)故(gu)現場(chang)(chang)所拍(pai)攝(she)的(de)影像(xiang)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)和(he)照片。影像(xiang)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)和(he)照片要能反(fan)(fan)映事(shi)故(gu)發生后現場(chang)(chang)的(de)情(qing)況,要全面、詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)反(fan)(fan)映受災后的(de)地形地貌,及(ji)有關細(xi)節的(de)特寫(xie)。并在照片中能反(fan)(fan)映事(shi)故(gu)現場(chang)(chang)的(de)里程樁號和(he)時間,可在一張標示牌上寫(xie)明(ming)里程和(he)時間,放(fang)置在現場(chang)(chang)顯眼處一同拍(pai)攝(she)入(ru)照片。

(5)當地水文(wen)、地質、氣象部(bu)門提供的(de)有(you)關出(chu)險時(shi)間當地水文(wen)資(zi)料或日時(shi)降雨量分布圖等。

(6)根據保險(xian)公司(si)的(de)要求(qiu)提供作為索賠依據的(de)其它資(zi)料、文件、單據等。

3理賠工作

保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)一般在收到出(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)知后12h以內到達事(shi)故現場,協調有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)索賠事(shi)宜。保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同規定有(you)(you)如果(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)在48h內未到達事(shi)故現場,將被(bei)認為保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)已認可被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)所(suo)申(shen)報(bao)的事(shi)故發生屬實。在保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)或(huo)檢驗師勘查(cha)現場并計算受災損失后,承包(bao)人(ren)應對(dui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)認可的受損失范圍(wei)和理(li)(li)賠金(jin)額等進行研究,在依(yi)據(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同的基礎上,雙(shuang)方對(dui)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)賠款的一切(qie)爭議,都可以協商解決,直至(zhi)達到一致意(yi)見。承包(bao)人(ren)在對(dui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)提出(chu)理(li)(li)賠要(yao)求時要(yao)做到有(you)(you)理(li)(li)、有(you)(you)據(ju)、實事(shi)求是。證明資料(liao)要(yao)齊全,理(li)(li)賠款計算要(yao)合(he)理(li)(li),并根據(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同的相關(guan)(guan)條款規定辦理(li)(li)理(li)(li)賠工作。

雙(shuang)方(fang)明確受(shou)(shou)災損(sun)失工作(zuo)量(liang)(liang)和(he)賠(pei)償(chang)金(jin)額后(hou),須簽訂(ding)一份(fen)賠(pei)款(kuan)確認書(shu),說明出險(xian)原因、過程、受(shou)(shou)損(sun)失工程量(liang)(liang)及賠(pei)款(kuan)金(jin)額等(deng)情況。在(zai)保險(xian)公(gong)司(si)支付承包商(shang)理(li)賠(pei)款(kuan)后(hou)就(jiu)結束理(li)賠(pei)工作(zuo)了。在(zai)理(li)賠(pei)工作(zuo)進行中,承包商(shang)要(yao)(yao)注意整理(li)、收集與保險(xian)公(gong)司(si)的來往文件(jian)、通知書(shu),出險(xian)的各(ge)類證明資料,并及時歸檔保存好。承包商(shang)對(dui)理(li)賠(pei)工作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)指定專人(ren)負責,負責人(ren)要(yao)(yao)有較強的責任心,業(ye)務(wu)(wu)精(jing)通,熟悉保險(xian)合同,并且(qie)能夠熟練(lian)處理(li)好對(dui)外業(ye)務(wu)(wu)往來。

4結束語

工(gong)程保險(xian)(xian)已逐漸成了建(jian)筑工(gong)程項目經(jing)營中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)一部分。熟悉和(he)運用保險(xian)(xian)合同條款、風險(xian)(xian)索賠的(de)(de)程序(xu),可(ke)以(yi)減輕承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)的(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)壓力(li),并降低風險(xian)(xian)事(shi)故發生(sheng)后承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)的(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。值得注意的(de)(de)是盡管(guan)承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)對工(gong)程進行了工(gong)程保險(xian)(xian),但有時保險(xian)(xian)公司不(bu)可(ke)能賠償其全部經(jing)濟損(sun)失(shi)。由(you)于建(jian)筑工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)容易受(shou)到各種(zhong)自然災(zai)害和(he)其它災(zai)害的(de)(de)影響,所(suo)承擔的(de)(de)各種(zhong)風險(xian)(xian)比較(jiao)大,因此承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)仍要經(jing)常注意各種(zhong)潛在的(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)征兆,采(cai)取各種(zhong)有力(li)措施(shi),防止事(shi)故和(he)災(zai)害的(de)(de)發生(sheng),并阻止受(shou)災(zai)后損(sun)失(shi)的(de)(de)繼續擴大。

論文關(guan)鍵詞:建筑工程保險理賠

論文摘要:根據FIDIC合(he)同條款中對(dui)建(jian)筑工(gong)程中保險的(de)要求,結合(he)在建(jian)筑工(gong)程保險理(li)賠工(gong)作中所遇到的(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)情(qing)況,闡述了(le)建(jian)筑工(gong)程保險與理(li)賠的(de)基本方法和一(yi)(yi)些(xie)注意事項。