摘(zhai)要:基于目(mu)前不(bu)良地(di)質環境下高速公路采用旋(xuan)挖鉆(zhan)進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)過程中(zhong)出現的(de)問題，以實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)為(wei)例，分析了(le)旋(xuan)挖鉆(zhan)在不(bu)良地(di)質環境的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)特點，并提出了(le)相(xiang)應的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，其目(mu)的(de)是為(wei)相(xiang)關建設(she)者提供一些(xie)理論依據。

關鍵詞:旋挖鉆;高速公路;不良地質;灌注(zhu)樁基(ji)混凝土;開息高速公路

1工程概況

開(kai)息高(gao)速公(gong)路第TJ－4合同段起止樁號K60+000～K65+460，主要為路基土石方(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、橋梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和涵洞工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。由(you)于原設(she)計橋梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)有12座，多為先(xian)簡(jian)支后結構(gou)(gou)連(lian)續梁(liang)(liang)橋，且(qie)路線跨越(yue)川黔鐵(tie)路、開(kai)陽(yang)支線鐵(tie)路、貴(gui)遵(zun)高(gao)速路、開(kai)磷集團運(yun)渣管道等既(ji)有結構(gou)(gou)物，為保證既(ji)有鐵(tie)路或道路的運(yun)營安(an)全，故使用旋(xuan)挖(wa)鉆施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法施工(gong)(gong)跨線橋梁(liang)(liang)的孔樁。

2旋挖(wa)鉆在不良地質(zhi)環境的施工特點

據實踐(jian)結(jie)果證實，旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)不良地質(zhi)環境(jing)中具有(you)定(ding)位(wei)準確(que)且移位(wei)便捷特(te)點。具體來說，旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)采用了液(ye)壓伸縮履帶(dai)底盤設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，這(zhe)就使(shi)得(de)桅桿可以(yi)自(zi)主(zhu)完成折(zhe)疊起落。此(ci)外，旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)還(huan)(huan)(huan)能對回轉(zhuan)定(ding)位(wei)進(jin)(jin)行自(zi)動監測控(kong)制(zhi)，以(yi)保(bao)護主(zhu)機功率(lv)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備以(yi)及回轉(zhuan)復位(wei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)安(an)全性。與此(ci)同時，旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)還(huan)(huan)(huan)能通過電(dian)(dian)腦計(ji)算機系統對樁(zhuang)基(ji)定(ding)位(wei)、垂直(zhi)度以(yi)及成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深度進(jin)(jin)行自(zi)動調整(zheng)。即在(zai)(zai)實際操作過程中，通過液(ye)壓系統、負荷系統以(yi)及先導系統的(de)使(shi)用，體現了設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)一(yi)體化的(de)作用效(xiao)果。在(zai)(zai)成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)方面，旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不僅(jin)解決了當前高(gao)速(su)公路施工(gong)(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)面臨孔(kong)(kong)(kong)底沉(chen)淤(yu)土(tu)過多的(de)問題，還(huan)(huan)(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)了樁(zhuang)側摩阻力較(jiao)低帶(dai)來泥漿管理(li)困(kun)難問題。基(ji)于(yu)不良地質(zhi)環境(jing)的(de)影響，旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)采用了大(da)直(zhi)徑樁(zhuang)基(ji)成孔(kong)(kong)(kong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備，使(shi)其(qi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深度在(zai)(zai)40m范圍內高(gao)達120m。值得(de)注意的(de)是，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)機過程中，考慮到鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭存有(you)電(dian)(dian)梯，因(yin)此(ci)，應(ying)在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后再進(jin)(jin)行操作，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)施工(gong)(gong)作業的(de)安(an)全穩定(ding)性。為此(ci)，相關建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)人員應(ying)在(zai)(zai)明確(que)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實際工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)的(de)情況下，采取科(ke)學合理(li)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝，從(cong)而使(shi)其(qi)發揮出真正的(de)作用價值。如表1所(suo)示(shi)，為本工(gong)(gong)程4標確(que)定(ding)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)。

摘要：當前,隨著(zhu)我國建筑行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)不斷發展，多層(ceng)(ceng)住宅在城市住房中占領(ling)著(zhu)較大的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)，因此，在多層(ceng)(ceng)住宅建筑實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)施工管理中，還需(xu)要相應部門重視起來,才能最大程度上確保(bao)住宅建筑的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，使多層(ceng)(ceng)住宅能夠順利的(de)(de)(de)發展。

關(guan)鍵詞：住(zhu)宅施(shi)工(gong)；多層(ceng)住(zhu)宅；建筑施(shi)工(gong)管理

1多層住宅建筑(zhu)結構體系的(de)探討

一般情況下，多(duo)層住宅建筑(zhu)(zhu)的結(jie)構體系(xi)(xi)涉(she)及了三(san)大類：①框(kuang)架輕(qing)板結(jie)構體系(xi)(xi)，結(jie)構包括了鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)框(kuang)架結(jie)構，內(nei)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)(shi)非承重墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。能(neng)夠借助混(hun)凝土(tu)砌塊(kuai)、陶(tao)粒(li)空(kong)(kong)心砌塊(kuai)、其它非粘土(tu)砌塊(kuai)與3E板、陶(tao)粒(li)混(hun)凝土(tu)輕(qing)質兩面光(guang)條(tiao)板等當作內(nei)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)；②混(hun)凝土(tu)空(kong)(kong)心砌塊(kuai)多(duo)層建筑(zhu)(zhu)體系(xi)(xi)，最大的不足(zu)就是(shi)(shi)雨(yu)水極易通(tong)過砂漿縫(feng)隙(xi)發生(sheng)滲入，若是(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)面抹(mo)灰，會提高抹(mo)灰量(liang)，同(tong)時在光(guang)潔的砌塊(kuai)上無法(fa)抹(mo)上抹(mo)灰，極易開裂(lie)、空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)；③鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)剪力墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)結(jie)構體系(xi)(xi)，內(nei)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)徹底借助現(xian)澆鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，現(xian)如今，已(yi)經發展(zhan)出多(duo)類配(pei)套的外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)保溫體系(xi)(xi)也能(neng)夠將外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)完善(shan)為預(yu)制(zhi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)板，現(xian)場(chang)預(yu)制(zhi)在生(sheng)產(chan)后(hou)可以(yi)就地安裝。

2多層住宅(zhai)建(jian)筑的特點分析

在我國，多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)正在建造(zao)或者(zhe)已經新建的(de)城(cheng)鎮住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)中超過了(le)90%。多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)通常就(jiu)是(shi)4～6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，應用(yong)公共樓梯處理垂直交(jiao)通，被視為(wei)一類有著一定代表(biao)性的(de)城(cheng)市集合住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)優(you)勢：①結構設計成熟，一般(ban)借(jie)助的(de)是(shi)磚混或框(kuang)架(jia)結構，建材能(neng)夠就(jiu)地生產(chan)，能(neng)夠大量(liang)的(de)完成標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)、工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)；②公攤(tan)面積少，不需要再像高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)需強化(hua)(hua)電梯、公共走(zou)道、高(gao)(gao)壓水泵(beng)等環節(jie)的(de)投資，整體的(de)性能(neng)價格比(bi)(bi)高(gao)(gao)，物業費不高(gao)(gao)；③相比(bi)(bi)于低層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，其在占地上較為(wei)節(jie)省，相比(bi)(bi)于高(gao)(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建設，工(gong)(gong)期更短，通常開(kai)工(gong)(gong)一年中就(jiu)能(neng)夠竣工(gong)(gong)；所以，多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)造(zao)價不高(gao)(gao)，價格降低，普通消費者(zhe)也極(ji)易接(jie)受。

摘(zhai)要：我(wo)國經濟的(de)(de)(de)快速發展，加(jia)大了(le)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)相互貿易，這(zhe)也就形成了(le)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)(dong)人口逐步增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)，流動(dong)(dong)人口的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)也就帶動(dong)(dong)了(le)出(chu)(chu)入(ru)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)。而(er)為了(le)更(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)保障城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)相互貿易往來，保證行(xing)(xing)人及車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)交通安(an)全，首先需(xu)要做好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)便是市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，因(yin)此提高市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)是必要的(de)(de)(de)。本文通過對(dui)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)特點及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)控(kong)制出(chu)(chu)發，簡(jian)明扼要的(de)(de)(de)提出(chu)(chu)針對(dui)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)提高的(de)(de)(de)方法，從(cong)而(er)更(geng)好(hao)(hao)地進行(xing)(xing)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制，淺(qian)談(tan)一(yi)些自己的(de)(de)(de)看法，嚴(yan)格進行(xing)(xing)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)控(kong)制，從(cong)而(er)進一(yi)步促進市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)順利進行(xing)(xing)。

關鍵(jian)詞：市(shi)政路橋；施工特(te)點；施工技術；控制措施

城(cheng)市(shi)發展的(de)必然情(qing)況便(bian)是(shi)人口的(de)流(liu)動(dong)以(yi)及(ji)相互之間的(de)經(jing)濟貿易所帶來的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)經(jing)濟增長，因此這(zhe)就需要(yao)市(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工具有高(gao)效、高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)以(yi)及(ji)高(gao)安全(quan)性等特點(dian)，從而能夠更好保證城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)交(jiao)通運輸(shu)(shu)通常以(yi)及(ji)交(jiao)通安全(quan)。而對市(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工技術進(jin)行(xing)控制，也是(shi)市(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)施(shi)工的(de)關鍵，確(que)保市(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)的(de)施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)，提高(gao)施(shi)工完(wan)成后市(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)上車輛(liang)運輸(shu)(shu)行(xing)駛的(de)安全(quan)性，減少(shao)對市(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)橋(qiao)進(jin)行(xing)維修處理的(de)情(qing)況。

一.市政路橋施工的(de)相關特(te)點(dian)及其施工技(ji)術控制(zhi)的(de)重要(yao)程度

市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)是(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中非(fei)常重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，它有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)改善城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)民生活(huo)水平，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)居(ju)(ju)民生活(huo)質量以及方便居(ju)(ju)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常出(chu)行，都有(you)著非(fei)常重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工過程(cheng)中，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技術(shu)控制與(yu)管(guan)理是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)高(gao)(gao)質量、極具安(an)全(quan)性及完(wan)工進度快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關特(te)點，而且一(yi)個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擁有(you)高(gao)(gao)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)，能夠(gou)盡可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)“橋(qiao)(qiao)頭跳車”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)出(chu)現，這可以確(que)保(bao)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車安(an)全(quan)，減少(shao)交(jiao)通事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。隨著現代經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車輛人口流出(chu)流入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基數都逐步增大，而為了保(bao)障城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通安(an)全(quan)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質量以及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工完(wan)成(cheng)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)(lu)安(an)全(quan)與(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)使(shi)用(yong)壽命都是(shi)需(xu)要得到(dao)(dao)保(bao)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而為了達到(dao)(dao)對市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工單位(wei)需(xu)要對市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工技術(shu)進行相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制，從(cong)而保(bao)證(zheng)路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。

二.市政路橋施工技術控制的注意(yi)事項

1建(jian)筑施工(gong)技術(shu)管理特點

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)由于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的特(te)(te)殊(shu)性(xing)，在(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)，存在(zai)著很多(duo)的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)特(te)(te)點，這些管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)特(te)(te)點主要(yao)表現在(zai)以下(xia)幾點：首先是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)具有(you)復雜性(xing)。由于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的自(zi)身施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)特(te)(te)點，導(dao)致在(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)處理(li)(li)的技術(shu)要(yao)素較多(duo)，因此(ci)在(zai)這種情況下(xia)，就增加(jia)了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的復雜性(xing)。其次，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)具有(you)長期性(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)特(te)(te)點。由于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)一項比較復雜的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，在(zai)其實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)，具有(you)著長期性(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)特(te)(te)點，因此(ci)在(zai)這種情況下(xia)，需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的周期性(xing)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。最后，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有(you)危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)。由于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行業(ye)的特(te)(te)殊(shu)性(xing)，在(zai)其實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，具有(you)著很強(qiang)的危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)，在(zai)這種情況下(xia)，需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的安全性(xing)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。

2建筑(zhu)施工企業(ye)采(cai)用信息技術的必(bi)要性分析

傳統的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在當(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，已經(jing)很難(nan)發揮(hui)出其應(ying)(ying)具(ju)備的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在這種情(qing)況下，要想保障建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)，就應(ying)(ying)該加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)設，這樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)在智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。因此來看，在現代化(hua)科(ke)學技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)發展影響下，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)已經(jing)被廣泛地應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，有(you)效地提(ti)升(sheng)了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，并且在信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)針對(dui)性地將建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)(xin)息化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性提(ti)升(sheng)上來。同(tong)時，信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，也有(you)效地提(ti)升(sheng)了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)效率，因此，必須要加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)研究[1]。

3建(jian)筑施工(gong)企業采用(yong)信息技術管理的具體表(biao)現

3.1信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，已(yi)經將(jiang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)到(dao)現(xian)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，采取OA管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)，將(jiang)整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)狀運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)錄入到(dao)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)OA系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，將(jiang)整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)時化(hua)(hua)監(jian)控管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，能(neng)及(ji)時了解(jie)(jie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)要素，并且在(zai)(zai)(zai)其技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，保障了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。同(tong)時該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)還體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)每(mei)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)。比如，萬科集團已(yi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面開展(zhan)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)“匠(jiang)心”管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺，對(dui)(dui)(dui)每(mei)個(ge)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)從進(jin)度、質量(liang)、變更、甲供材、驗收及(ji)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)時管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，現(xian)場質量(liang)、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控制(zhi)細(xi)化(hua)(hua)至(zhi)樓(lou)棟(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體部(bu)(bu)位(wei)、具(ju)體事(shi)項；從而使得整個(ge)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)級(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員直至(zhi)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)團隊(dui)都(dou)能(neng)及(ji)時地了解(jie)(jie)和(he)掌握(wo)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體情況并作出(chu)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。3.2建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺。信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)到(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另外一(yi)個(ge)重要性(xing)表現(xian)，體現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)整合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)，將(jiang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)依托在(zai)(zai)(zai)互聯(lian)網(wang)上，并且按(an)照(zhao)此(ci)基(ji)礎進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設，在(zai)(zai)(zai)該平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)，借助(zhu)BIM技(ji)術(shu)(shu)將(jiang)整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)完善處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，通(tong)過完善處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共(gong)(gong)享，在(zai)(zai)(zai)互聯(lian)網(wang)傳輸(shu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)將(jiang)整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)共(gong)(gong)享傳輸(shu)，這樣在(zai)(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)享傳輸(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)，就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)數據，相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)員，只(zhi)要按(an)照(zhao)數據處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)去整合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)能(neng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提(ti)升(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)率。同(tong)時在(zai)(zai)(zai)互聯(lian)網(wang)絡信(xin)(xin)息(xi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了對(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)數據分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，將(jiang)各(ge)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據，集中(zhong)(zhong)匯總(zong)到(dao)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，這樣能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)及(ji)時地了解(jie)(jie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀[2]。在(zai)(zai)(zai)這一(yi)方面，仍以(yi)萬科項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)例，從建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設單(dan)位(wei)到(dao)總(zong)包單(dan)位(wei)到(dao)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單(dan)位(wei)，都(dou)采用(yong)(yong)了系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺。如萬科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“匠(jiang)心”和(he)“采筑(zhu)(zhu)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)門(men)戶”管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺，總(zong)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)大”軟件辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺，監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“微(wei)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)”管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺；均實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了從公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)到(dao)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)各(ge)級(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層對(dui)(dui)(dui)每(mei)個(ge)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面無縫管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，使得公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)能(neng)為(wei)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)提(ti)供更全(quan)(quan)(quan)面更及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務；并解(jie)(jie)決了以(yi)往公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)層對(dui)(dui)(dui)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情況不能(neng)實(shi)(shi)時掌握(wo)了解(jie)(jie)、適時對(dui)(dui)(dui)計劃實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偏離情況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干預糾偏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題，保證了項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利開展(zhan)。

摘要：自60年(nian)代(dai)出(chu)現了(le)懸(xuan)澆(jiao)施(shi)(shi)工方法以(yi)后(hou)，預(yu)應力混凝土橋(qiao)梁不(bu)斷向大跨徑發展。作為其施(shi)(shi)工的關鍵設(she)備，懸(xuan)澆(jiao)掛籃施(shi)(shi)工也得(de)到了(le)不(bu)斷發展，為縮短懸(xuan)澆(jiao)周期、提高經濟效(xiao)益奠(dian)定了(le)基礎，取得(de)了(le)良好的施(shi)(shi)工效(xiao)果，在近代(dai)橋(qiao)梁建筑中已得(de)到越來越多的應用。

關鍵詞：懸臂澆筑

工(gong)程概況：北(bei)川河大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)位于(yu)西寧市城北(bei)區，橫(heng)跨(kua)北(bei)川河，該橋(qiao)(qiao)主橋(qiao)(qiao)采用35+60+35米的三跨(kua)變截面預(yu)應力混(hun)凝土(tu)連續梁橋(qiao)(qiao)，橫(heng)截面為(wei)單(dan)箱單(dan)室。根據受力情況采用三向預(yu)應力。主橋(qiao)(qiao)采用菱形掛籃施工(gong)，以21號(hao)墩、22號(hao)墩為(wei)兩個T構，單(dan)T劃分8個塊段(duan)，施工(gong)時最(zui)大(da)(da)懸臂長度(du)27.5m，懸臂澆筑最(zui)大(da)(da)長度(du)4m，最(zui)大(da)(da)重量(liang)95噸，單(dan)T澆筑最(zui)大(da)(da)不平衡力控制在(zai)200KN以內。

一、懸臂澆筑施(shi)工工藝

懸臂法(fa)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)法(fa)又稱(cheng)無(wu)支架平(ping)(ping)衡伸(shen)臂法(fa)或掛(gua)（吊）籃(lan)(lan)法(fa)，所用(yong)的主要的設(she)備是掛(gua)籃(lan)(lan)。通過掛(gua)籃(lan)(lan)的前移(yi)，對(dui)稱(cheng)地向兩(liang)側跨中逐(zhu)段澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)混(hun)凝土(tu)，并(bing)施加預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力，如此循環作業。其施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝流程：掛(gua)籃(lan)(lan)前移(yi)就(jiu)位(wei)→調平(ping)(ping)模板(ban)(ban)→（鋼(gang)筋(jin)制(zhi)作）安裝(zhuang)底板(ban)(ban)及(ji)腹板(ban)(ban)鋼(gang)筋(jin)→安裝(zhuang)內模→綁扎頂板(ban)(ban)鋼(gang)筋(jin)→安裝(zhuang)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力管道→監理工(gong)(gong)程師驗收→澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)混(hun)凝土(tu)（制(zhi)作試塊）→混(hun)凝土(tu)養護、拆膜及(ji)接縫處理→預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力筋(jin)下(xia)料、穿束(shu)→張(zhang)拉預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力筋(jin)→封錨(mao)、壓漿→掛(gua)籃(lan)(lan)前移(yi)就(jiu)位(wei)。

二、菱形掛籃的(de)組成(cheng)和特點

[摘要]目前地鐵(tie)施工(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)據的文(wen)件管理模式已(yi)無法滿足(zu)大量監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)據快速分析和長期安(an)全保(bao)存(cun)的要求。本文(wen)提出了基于分布(bu)式數(shu)據庫(ku)技(ji)術(shu)和網絡技(ji)術(shu)的信息化(hua)解決方案，即建立一套以分布(bu)式數(shu)據庫(ku)為(wei)數(shu)據存(cun)儲方式、采用(yong)計算機網絡作為(wei)傳輸和共享平臺的地鐵(tie)施工(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)信息系統，讓用(yong)戶(hu)及時、準確(que)地獲(huo)取各(ge)施工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)的監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)信息。

[關(guan)鍵詞]地鐵(tie)施(shi)工；監測；分布式數(shu)據庫；信息系(xi)統

地鐵(tie)大多位于(yu)人口稠(chou)密的(de)(de)(de)城區，通(tong)常周圍有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)物和(he)地下管網，地鐵(tie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)可能(neng)使其產生位移、沉降(jiang)和(he)變(bian)(bian)形，以至(zhi)遭受破壞，造成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程事(shi)故。通(tong)過施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)分析(xi)，可以及時(shi)掌握支護結構變(bian)(bian)位和(he)周圍環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化，反饋信(xin)息(xi)以指導(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。因此，現(xian)(xian)(xian)場監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)及時(shi)分析(xi)和(he)保(bao)存在地鐵(tie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中具(ju)有(you)特別(bie)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)意義。然而(er)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)場監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)也存在許多問題(ti)，主要(yao)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)在現(xian)(xian)(xian)場監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)還停留在文件管理(li)模式下。如：監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)計算由人工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成，監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)表用Word或(huo)Excel手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制作；導(dao)致數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)不能(neng)共享，查詢(xun)困難，降(jiang)低了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效率和(he)管理(li)分析(xi)水平，而(er)且(qie)由于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)設施(shi)(shi)簡單，環境(jing)(jing)較差，人員流動性強，監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)存缺乏安(an)全性和(he)可靠性。

隨(sui)著信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發展，以(yi)數(shu)字化(hua)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)對土木工(gong)程領域原有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)模(mo)式、檢測(ce)(ce)和監(jian)測(ce)(ce)技(ji)術(shu)產生了(le)深遠的(de)(de)(de)影響。信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)自動化(hua)、網絡化(hua)、以(yi)及分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)技(ji)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)解(jie)(jie)決現存(cun)(cun)地鐵監(jian)測(ce)(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)重要途徑。為(wei)(wei)了(le)能(neng)(neng)及時對監(jian)測(ce)(ce)對象的(de)(de)(de)狀態、穩定程度和變(bian)形進(jin)行分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，并(bing)能(neng)(neng)長(chang)期(qi)安全地保(bao)存(cun)(cun)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，以(yi)實現地鐵的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)施工(gong)，本文提(ti)(ti)出基于分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化(hua)解(jie)(jie)決方案(an)，即(ji)建立(li)一套以(yi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)存(cun)(cun)儲方式、采用(yong)計(ji)算(suan)機網絡作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)傳輸和共(gong)享平臺的(de)(de)(de)地鐵施工(gong)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。它不僅用(yong)于分(fen)(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)、各自獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)管理，還對所有(you)(you)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)行集中統(tong)(tong)一管理和長(chang)期(qi)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)，讓用(yong)戶及時、準(zhun)確地獲取監(jian)測(ce)(ce)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，而(er)且還可為(wei)(wei)以(yi)后類(lei)似地鐵施工(gong)方案(an)設計(ji)及規范修改提(ti)(ti)供數(shu)據(ju)(ju)參考(kao)。

一、系統的(de)結(jie)構設計(ji)

在進行地鐵(tie)施工(gong)(gong)時，施工(gong)(gong)現場需要及時分析處理(li)監(jian)測(ce)數(shu)據，但(dan)由于(yu)各施工(gong)(gong)現場的設(she)施簡單，流動(dong)性強，不(bu)易長期(qi)保存監(jian)測(ce)數(shu)據。而地鐵(tie)管理(li)單位計算機(ji)設(she)備較好，環(huan)境(jing)穩定，適合統(tong)一維護各施工(gong)(gong)現場的監(jian)測(ce)數(shu)據。根據上述情況(kuang)，將(jiang)整個(ge)系統(tong)分成2個(ge)部分：

摘要：針對(dui)水閘的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)特點，提(ti)出了在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)前(qian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)階段以及(ji)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)后的(de)管(guan)理措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，解決了水閘施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)由(you)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理不及(ji)時或不科學所造成的(de)工(gong)程問(wen)題，為(wei)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)質(zhi)量、進度以及(ji)運行等方(fang)面作保證。

關鍵詞(ci)：閘門；施工管理(li)；開(kai)挖；混凝土金(jin)屬(shu)結構

一、引言

水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中，水(shui)(shui)閘的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是常見并且重要的(de)(de)。如果施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)不(bu)到(dao)位、不(bu)科(ke)學，經常會(hui)給(gei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)帶來較大的(de)(de)安全隱(yin)患。本文通(tong)過施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)準備、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時土(tu)方工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、混凝土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)以及金屬(shu)結構(gou)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后等(deng)幾個階段的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)控制分析，可以使水(shui)(shui)閘工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質量得到(dao)有效控制。

二、施工前的管理

工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)前，對施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)交的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方案、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)、質量(liang)(liang)保證(zheng)體系以(yi)及管理制度等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)嚴密(mi)審核(he)，特別是(shi)對企(qi)業(ye)投入工(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)人員的(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)和素(su)質提(ti)出(chu)具體要(yao)求；其(qi)次要(yao)抓好設計圖紙會審，了解施(shi)工(gong)中的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)質量(liang)(liang)指標及需要(yao)注意的(de)(de)問題，對不利于施(shi)工(gong)管理的(de)(de)地(di)方及時(shi)提(ti)出(chu)進行(xing)商(shang)討，做(zuo)到(dao)未雨綢繆(mou)；對施(shi)工(gong)中存在難度的(de)(de)地(di)方提(ti)前做(zuo)好準(zhun)備。

摘要：隨著(zhu)現(xian)代化(hua)的發展和城市化(hua)不斷(duan)的普及，城市人(ren)口逐漸在增多(duo)，不少農村人(ren)品向城市搬遷，因(yin)此也逐漸凸顯了(le)土地(di)資源矛盾問(wen)題。為(wei)了(le)能(neng)更好地(di)解決居住(zhu)與用地(di)問(wen)題，普遍建(jian)(jian)(jian)立高層(ceng)樓房。由此在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設上(shang)也出現(xian)了(le)新(xin)的挑戰，保(bao)障高層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)質量的關鍵是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)高層(ceng)施工特點和技術。

關(guan)鍵詞：高層(ceng)建筑；施(shi)工；鋼(gang)筋；混凝(ning)土

1高層建筑的(de)施(shi)工特征

1.1施工特征

特(te)征：①施工(gong)工(gong)期長，有(you)時可能跨季(ji)，遇到雨(yu)季(ji)或者(zhe)冬季(ji)必(bi)須(xu)停工(gong)。在施工(gong)前(qian)必(bi)須(xu)合(he)理安(an)(an)排(pai)時間；②高層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)樓層(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)(yi)般都比(bi)較(jiao)高，為了加強(qiang)穩固，它的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)會比(bi)較(jiao)深，通(tong)常為6m左右。還(huan)(huan)應該建(jian)立一(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)室(shi)，主(zhu)要是用(yong)(yong)于穩固地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)，也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)來當做車庫等(deng)；③層(ceng)(ceng)數(shu)多，結構種類也(ye)多，作業難度(du)大，技術也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)復雜(za)；④安(an)(an)全性(xing)能差，包括(kuo)防火災性(xing)；⑤高層(ceng)(ceng)施工(gong)，用(yong)(yong)水(shui)用(yong)(yong)電比(bi)較(jiao)麻煩，高空作業產生的(de)(de)垃圾部方便處理，因(yin)此高層(ceng)(ceng)建(jian)筑管(guan)理難度(du)大；⑥施工(gong)場地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)周(zhou)圍環境比(bi)較(jiao)復雜(za)。需合(he)理安(an)(an)排(pai)施工(gong)場地(di)(di)(di)，保障施工(gong)時場地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)材(cai)料可以(yi)(yi)不移(yi)動(dong)或者(zhe)少移(yi)動(dong)，保證材(cai)料的(de)(de)充足，而且(qie)還(huan)(huan)要考慮商(shang)品(pin)材(cai)料和半成品(pin)材(cai)料的(de)(de)問題。

1.2高(gao)層(ceng)建筑(zhu)的特(te)性

摘要：伴隨著社會經濟的(de)不斷發(fa)展，人(ren)們越來越追求高(gao)品質的(de)生活(huo)環境(jing)(jing)，城(cheng)市的(de)綠(lv)化(hua)質量和園林景(jing)(jing)觀與過去(qu)相比有了(le)很大的(de)進步。園林景(jing)(jing)觀對于城(cheng)市發(fa)展具有重要影響，不僅可以(yi)綠(lv)化(hua)美化(hua)城(cheng)市，同時可以(yi)起到防塵降(jiang)噪、凈化(hua)空(kong)氣等作用(yong)，為人(ren)們提供(gong)宜居(ju)的(de)生活(huo)環境(jing)(jing)。基(ji)于此，從(cong)園林景(jing)(jing)觀工(gong)程施工(gong)管理特(te)點及質量控制方(fang)面進行了(le)綜合分析，以(yi)供(gong)參考(kao)。

關(guan)鍵詞：園林景觀；施工管理；質量控制(zhi)

園林景觀(guan)人(ren)員在整(zheng)體的(de)工程建設中發(fa)揮著重要(yao)作用，因此(ci)企業必須重視整(zheng)體工作的(de)建設流程，務必保證(zheng)工人(ren)在每個(ge)施工環節都具有(you)嚴謹的(de)工作態度(du)，務必遵循企業制(zhi)定的(de)各項施工建設標(biao)準，在相關的(de)法律(lv)法規和(he)規范制(zhi)度(du)嚴格約束之下(xia)完成現(xian)場的(de)施工活動。

1園林景觀施工管(guan)理(li)特點

1.1注重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)團(tuan)隊與(yu)(yu)技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)。從(cong)事(shi)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)除了具(ju)(ju)備專業知識和技能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，還(huan)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審美(mei)能力，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便(bian)在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提(ti)下(xia)為城市(shi)增添美(mei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)我國園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作存在(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)2個(ge)(ge)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)：①在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，僅(jin)僅(jin)重(zhong)視(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)功能，而忽視(shi)了園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體搭配，特(te)別是(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)和裝(zhuang)飾；往往隨意(yi)亂(luan)栽(zai)(zai)亂(luan)種(zhong)(zhong)，影響了園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)性；②在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)忽視(shi)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，對(dui)(dui)裝(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項物(wu)品也采取形式主義，試圖用裝(zhuang)飾品掩蓋原有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，最終造成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)果。針對(dui)(dui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上現(xian)(xian)象，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)人(ren)員必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)深(shen)入(ru)(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)，了解建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實情況，對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)環節作出合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃和預(yu)測。1.2做好和市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)關工(gong)(gong)(gong)作銜接(jie)。園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)往往需(xu)要(yao)(yao)經過(guo)(guo)3個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)，即前(qian)(qian)期(qi)介入(ru)(ru)、中(zhong)(zhong)間監(jian)控以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)完(wan)善。在(zai)(zai)市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)及(ji)人(ren)行道(dao)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)完(wan)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)道(dao)路(lu)兩旁栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)預(yu)先(xian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)樹(shu)穴，就(jiu)會導致在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)破壞原有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)配置(zhi)；如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)植(zhi)入(ru)(ru)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)遵循操作規(gui)范，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)可能造成市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)水出現(xian)(xian)嚴重(zhong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)箱(xiang)涵接(jie)口以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)排(pai)(pai)水管網需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)完(wan)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)預(yu)先(xian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)，如(ru)果建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)時間相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較晚，就(jiu)會影響后(hou)(hou)(hou)續工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)。1.3結(jie)合(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)進行合(he)(he)理(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)與(yu)(yu)執(zhi)行。第一，在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，設(she)(she)計(ji)師必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)了解施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)情況，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證設(she)(she)計(ji)意(yi)圖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況下(xia)，盡可能地減少(shao)土(tu)石方作業，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便(bian)提(ti)升整體市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)；第二，在(zai)(zai)安排(pai)(pai)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)時，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)依照樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)特(te)點以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型合(he)(he)理(li)設(she)(she)置(zhi)，樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)環境與(yu)(yu)生長(chang)需(xu)求具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很大差異，錯落有(you)(you)(you)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布局有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)提(ti)升景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)性；第三，合(he)(he)理(li)搭配綠化景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)與(yu)(yu)硬質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)考慮樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況下(xia)，安排(pai)(pai)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)；第四(si)，根據(ju)人(ren)流狀(zhuang)況和園(yuan)(yuan)林服(fu)務(wu)安排(pai)(pai)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能，確(que)(que)保(bao)園(yuan)(yuan)林內部各項服(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)滿足人(ren)們生活娛樂(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)；第五，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴格控制施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環節和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)步驟，確(que)(que)保(bao)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)性和科學性，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)完(wan)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也要(yao)(yao)做好排(pai)(pai)水、防治病(bing)蟲害(hai)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，提(ti)高苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)成活率(lv)。

2園林景(jing)觀(guan)工(gong)程(cheng)質量管理(li)與控制的(de)原則

摘要：計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)管理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中的(de)(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一，對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)各項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展具有十分(fen)(fen)重要的(de)(de)(de)影響。了(le)解計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)并解決好計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)中存(cun)(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)急需面對的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)容。本文中，筆(bi)者從(cong)現(xian)(xian)階段建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展現(xian)(xian)狀出發，首先闡述了(le)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，以此對計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)形成全面的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)，緊接(jie)著(zhu)又分(fen)(fen)析(xi)了(le)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題，最(zui)后(hou)在(zai)前文的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上詳細(xi)探討了(le)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)應用，提(ti)出了(le)幾點(dian)建(jian)(jian)議措施(shi)(shi)，希(xi)望(wang)能夠為今(jin)后(hou)相關內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)研究提(ti)供一定的(de)(de)(de)參考依據。

關(guan)鍵詞：建筑(zhu)工程(cheng)；施工企業；計(ji)量工作；特點

1現階段建筑(zhu)施工(gong)企業(ye)計量工(gong)作的主(zhu)要特(te)點

1.1分散(san)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)點(dian)比(bi)較多(duo)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)，其主(zhu)體對象(xiang)為建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，涉及(ji)到各個階(jie)(jie)段、各個環(huan)節(jie)，不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)段、不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節(jie)有(you)(you)(you)著不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)點(dian)比(bi)較的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)，也比(bi)較的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分散(san)，因而(er)(er)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也就具有(you)(you)(you)分散(san)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)點(dian)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)[1]。1.2施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期長(chang)短不一。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)一個長(chang)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、階(jie)(jie)段性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，尤其是(shi)一些比(bi)較大型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，其施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)通常(chang)需要幾個月(yue)甚至(zhi)幾年，具有(you)(you)(you)十分明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)，即施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期長(chang)短不一。因此(ci)，對于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)樣具有(you)(you)(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期長(chang)短不一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)。1.3各因素(su)(su)(su)(su)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性較大。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，涉及(ji)到諸多(duo)因素(su)(su)(su)(su)，如人員(yuan)因素(su)(su)(su)(su)、材料因素(su)(su)(su)(su)、設備因素(su)(su)(su)(su)、場地因素(su)(su)(su)(su)等，并(bing)且這些因素(su)(su)(su)(su)具有(you)(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性，而(er)(er)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)直(zhi)接決定了計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也應當(dang)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“流(liu)(liu)動(dong)”，以(yi)此(ci)滿足計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)要求[2]。1.4準確和(he)溯(su)(su)源(yuan)性特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)。準確性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)是(shi)由(you)(you)計(ji)(ji)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)所決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)。計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)既(ji)要給出被(bei)測(ce)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值，又(you)要給出該量值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不確定度。溯(su)(su)源(yuan)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在(zai)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，所有(you)(you)(you)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)種量值都應當(dang)由(you)(you)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一個計(ji)(ji)量基準傳遞(di)而(er)(er)來。1.5計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)性。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對象(xiang)應當(dang)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，應當(dang)圍繞建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。由(you)(you)此(ci)一來，計(ji)(ji)量工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)需要為建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)服務(wu)，并(bing)且直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)對象(xiang)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，因而(er)(er)從(cong)雙(shuang)方之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系來看，具有(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)。

2建筑施工(gong)企(qi)業計量工(gong)作過程中存在的問題

2.1計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)未能(neng)按(an)照(zhao)實(shi)(shi)際計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)規則(ze)。開展(zhan)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)，其基本(ben)(ben)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)準(zhun)確(que)(que)性(xing)，基本(ben)(ben)原(yuan)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)據實(shi)(shi)際建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進行(xing)(xing)[3]。從現(xian)(xian)階段(duan)(duan)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)來(lai)看，計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中，很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)時候與實(shi)(shi)際計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)規則(ze)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，無(wu)法(fa)真正按(an)照(zhao)實(shi)(shi)際計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)規則(ze)開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，使得后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)存(cun)在(zai)出現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，造成計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失誤。2.2圖(tu)紙工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)法(fa)滿足計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)建(jian)。筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)前，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)階段(duan)(duan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)(duan)，對(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)后各環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)產生十分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)紙設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)可缺少，圖(tu)紙設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)提供參考，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)根(gen)據圖(tu)紙中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項要(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)契合設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)開展(zhan)時，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)借助施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙中各項設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)參數(shu)(shu)，而(er)一(yi)(yi)些建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)紙設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存(cun)在(zai)脫(tuo)離(li)實(shi)(shi)際、科(ke)學性(xing)/準(zhun)確(que)(que)性(xing)不(bu)足等(deng)問(wen)題，使得計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)開展(zhan)得不(bu)到(dao)滿足，從而(er)導致計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中斷(duan)[4]。2.3計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定不(bu)明確(que)(que)引發矛盾糾紛。國(guo)家相關法(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)規對(dui)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有了一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定和(he)說明，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)有些地(di)方還是(shi)(shi)(shi)比較模糊，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)宏觀(guan)上進行(xing)(xing)了把控，未能(neng)在(zai)細節之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)進行(xing)(xing)詳細指出，如果(guo)完(wan)全按(an)照(zhao)相關法(fa)律(lv)(lv)開展(zhan)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，則(ze)必然(ran)會(hui)造成而(er)各種疏(shu)忽和(he)問(wen)題[5]。如此一(yi)(yi)來(lai)，建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)過程中，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)些模糊之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)易存(cun)在(zai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議點(dian)，這些爭議點(dian)往(wang)往(wang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)易引起(qi)糾紛，建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)單位和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題將會(hui)被(bei)放大，導致雙方利益受損。2.4建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期間容(rong)(rong)(rong)易出現(xian)(xian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)。建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，一(yi)(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進度進行(xing)(xing)有效控制。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)情(qing)況下，建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)想完(wan)全根(gen)據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)件事情(qing)，因為在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中容(rong)(rong)(rong)易遇到(dao)一(yi)(yi)些特殊(shu)情(qing)況，如原(yuan)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案無(wu)法(fa)支撐繼(ji)續施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，所以不(bu)得不(bu)進行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)。一(yi)(yi)旦施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)，會(hui)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)(ben)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度等(deng)造成很(hen)(hen)(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也就(jiu)隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)受到(dao)影響(xiang)，開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)度會(hui)有很(hen)(hen)(hen)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加。