導(dao)語：園林(lin)綠化施工與養(yang)護管理分析一文來源(yuan)于網友上傳，不(bu)代表本站觀點(dian)，若需要(yao)原創文章可(ke)咨(zi)詢(xun)客服老(lao)師(shi)，歡迎(ying)參考。

摘要:市政工程建設中,園林綠化工作是提升城市整體綠化環境、美化城市景觀的重要途徑。在現今的社會背景下,人們的物質生活得到保障,因而對居住環境上的精神要求也開始有所提升,園林綠化工作在不斷適應人們的新要求。不少城市在綠化工程上進行創新,以提升自身城市文化特色,在園林綠化工作中,想要推進綠色施工和養護的(de)(de)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan),需要(yao)對傳統的(de)(de)綠化施工方式和(he)養(yang)護管理(li)進(jin)行(xing)優(you)化,從(cong)而保證整(zheng)個(ge)園(yuan)林工程的(de)(de)科學(xue)性和(he)規范(fan)性,因此,對園(yuan)林綠化施工中與養(yang)護管理(li)的(de)(de)要(yao)點進(jin)行(xing)研究。

關鍵詞(ci):園林(lin)綠化(hua)工程;施(shi)工現(xian)場管理;措施(shi)要點(dian)

前(qian)言：隨著我國城市(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)比以往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求更加嚴格,在(zai)(zai)(zai)現代(dai)(dai)城市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)生活中(zhong),園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)滿足人(ren)們(men)精(jing)神(shen)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種重要(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。從園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)速度來看,近年來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)速度較為迅速,城市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養護和管(guan)理也受(shou)到廣大群眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注。從園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢來看,園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理理念正朝著現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)傳統(tong)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)和養護管(guan)理施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)理念中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)衍(yan)生,是(shi)適應現代(dai)(dai)城市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新方(fang)(fang)(fang)式。城市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)必須(xu)摒棄傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式,只有(you)這樣方(fang)(fang)(fang)可提升城市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)水平。園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)容(rong)主要(yao)包括水景、給(gei)排水、綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等,從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結構(gou)來看,園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)性(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內(nei)容(rong)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式上具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing),需要(yao)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)門(men)之間相互密切配合(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)可保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。由(you)于園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)所接觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目較多,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)管(guan)理上需要(yao)進行全方(fang)(fang)(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)管(guan)理,否則會對整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)造(zao)成影響,因此,在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong),需要(yao)強(qiang)調管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing),保(bao)證(zheng)各個(ge)部(bu)門(men)之間密切配合(he)[1-4]。

1園林綠化工程的施工要素

1.1施工組織要素

園林綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是一個系統性(xing)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng),由多個單項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)組成,因而(er)(er)在實際施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)需要各(ge)(ge)個項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)相互(hu)(hu)協調配合,在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序中(zhong)找準施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)先后(hou)順(shun)(shun)序,保證(zheng)(zheng)各(ge)(ge)個部門可以相互(hu)(hu)配合進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),從(cong)而(er)(er)保證(zheng)(zheng)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的(de)順(shun)(shun)利完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。從(cong)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)各(ge)(ge)個項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)比(bi)重占比(bi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析,組織施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在園林綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)占比(bi)最大,主要為:①在綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設中(zhong)標后(hou),首(shou)先對(dui)整(zheng)個園林工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)編制(zhi)預算;②做好(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)的(de)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)籌備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,如施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地、材(cai)料、機械、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍進(jin)場(chang)等(deng),在前(qian)期(qi)做好(hao)合理的(de)規劃和安排(pai),方可保證(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)續施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。

1.2現場管理(li)要素

在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中,做好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)尤為(wei)重(zhong)要,現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分。需要管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員擁(yong)有(you)(you)扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業知(zhi)識外,具有(you)(you)優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和(he)協調能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員應該在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中提升自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li),避(bi)免在(zai)綠化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出現(xian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,從綠化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程現(xian)場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)來(lai)看(kan),其(qi)包含了多個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)知(zhi)識,如對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、多工(gong)(gong)(gong)種聯合施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)及機械設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常規化(hua)使用管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等。由此(ci)可見,其(qi)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平要求較高,在(zai)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中,采用科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方式既能(neng)(neng)保證整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang),又能(neng)(neng)減少在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)耗(hao),降低整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本,并且實(shi)(shi)現(xian)經濟效益(yi)與(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大化(hua)。

2綠化園林施工中常見的問題

園林綠(lv)化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)屬于(yu)(yu)系統性(xing)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程,各個施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序都有著自(zi)身的(de)(de)特(te)點和復(fu)雜性(xing),實(shi)際的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業中(zhong)(zhong)任何一道小(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序出現紕漏都會對整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)造成影響,通過(guo)總結(jie)實(shi)踐(jian)經驗(yan)和現場(chang)調查研究(jiu)分(fen)析,在(zai)實(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業中(zhong)(zhong),部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)自(zi)身專(zhuan)業素質水平(ping)相對較低,在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前缺少專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)知識技能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)培訓,從(cong)而導(dao)致他(ta)們在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)錯漏,主要表現為(wei)在(zai)綠(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)種植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)深度(du)、綠(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)與綠(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)距密度(du)以及用水量(liang)(liang)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進行精確的(de)(de)把握(wo),進而導(dao)致后(hou)期(qi)綠(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)死亡率過(guo)高。另外,由于(yu)(yu)專(zhuan)業知識能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力受(shou)限,他(ta)們往往看(kan)不(bu)(bu)懂圖紙(zhi),導(dao)致管理(li)人員(yuan)與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)在(zai)圖紙(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流上(shang)存在(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)阻(zu)礙,造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出現混亂,最終施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)合格。

3園林綠化養護管理工作的重要性

對于園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)而言,綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)起(qi)到了舉(ju)足(zu)輕重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。在(zai)實施(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時要(yao)引(yin)起(qi)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi),一旦(dan)出現問題會影響整個園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效(xiao),所以(yi)說,科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)過程(cheng)中,養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)人員需要(yao)觀(guan)察植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)情(qing)況(kuang),保證(zheng)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茁壯成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)。養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)人員需要(yao)明白自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)職責,參與園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)設計(ji)層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),從而對園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)中綠(lv)(lv)(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布情(qing)況(kuang)進行了解,確保在(zai)后續(xu)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中能(neng)盡快上(shang)手。另外,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)具備長(chang)(chang)效(xiao)性以(yi)及特(te)殊性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征,所以(yi)應該對綠(lv)(lv)(lv)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)提出全(quan)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術要(yao)求。整個養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)涉及到園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體外觀(guan)維護(hu)(hu)(hu)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保養(yang)(yang)等,同(tong)時還包含了澆(jiao)水施(shi)肥以(yi)及觀(guan)賞花卉(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)等多樣化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)之后不能(neng)松懈,竣工(gong)(gong)不等于園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)完成(cheng),都說“三分種(zhong),七分養(yang)(yang)”,想(xiang)要(yao)確保園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)達到令人心曠神怡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)效(xiao)果,工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員應提升(sheng)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和效(xiao)率。

4園林綠化工程施工策略

4.1強化施工(gong)中的(de)監督管理工(gong)作

在(zai)園林綠(lv)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong),現場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)是(shi)影響整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最(zui)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。園林綠(lv)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通交(jiao)(jiao)流水平有(you)(you)著較大的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)需要(yao)(yao)擁(yong)有(you)(you)扎實的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業知(zhi)識作(zuo)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)實踐的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)決理(li)論條件,同時(shi)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)求管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)操(cao)作(zuo)有(you)(you)著豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗,以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)實踐施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)面臨(lin)突發施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)危機時(shi)能夠沉著冷靜應對(dui)。在(zai)具(ju)(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)實踐施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應該在(zai)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序中(zhong)做好監督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),針對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)重(zhong)難點(dian),需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)講清說明(ming),因此,管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)與(yu)人(ren)溝(gou)通上也(ye)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)通技(ji)巧,具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)親和(he)力,激發施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)積極性和(he)團隊合作(zuo)力。最(zui)終以(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種和(he)諧的(de)(de)(de)方式保(bao)證(zheng)整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang),同時(shi)促(cu)進整(zheng)個(ge)團隊的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧交(jiao)(jiao)流。

4.2引(yin)進(jin)先進(jin)技術(shu)

由于我國(guo)(guo)的(de)園(yuan)林綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)發展歷史(shi)較(jiao)晚,并且在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)所選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)技術設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)技術手段相(xiang)對較(jiao)為落后,這也是導致綠(lv)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)相(xiang)對較(jiao)低(di)的(de)主要(yao)因素之一,因此(ci),在(zai)綠(lv)化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)發展中(zhong)(zhong)可以(yi)向國(guo)(guo)外借(jie)鑒(jian)一些優秀的(de)工(gong)(gong)作經驗和(he)(he)引進先(xian)進的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)。在(zai)綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong),管理工(gong)(gong)作和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)物(wu)力、財(cai)力投資(zi)也相(xiang)對較(jiao)為重要(yao),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)在(zai)綠(lv)化(hua)園(yuan)林施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)做(zuo)好投資(zi)準備(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)技術分析工(gong)(gong)作。

4.3提升(sheng)綠(lv)植種植的(de)科學性(xing)

4.3.1苗木運輸工作

想要提升綠植(zhi)種植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv),在(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)運輸工作中,需要注意對苗(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)根部進行(xing)科學處(chu)理,防(fang)止(zhi)在(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)運輸過程(cheng)中造成(cheng)水(shui)土(tu)流失的(de)(de)(de)現象。除此之(zhi)外,在(zai)運輸過程(cheng)中還要充(chong)分考慮運輸時間和(he)運輸距(ju)離的(de)(de)(de)問題,盡量減少運輸時間以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)苗(miao)木(mu)根部的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)土(tu)養分,從而(er)保證(zheng)苗(miao)木(mu)種植(zhi)后期的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)。此外,可以(yi)(yi)向苗(miao)木(mu)噴撒適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分,以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)水(shui)分的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)足。

4.3.2苗木(mu)挖掘(jue)工作的注意事項

工(gong)作人員(yuan)在幼苗的挖掘工(gong)作之前,首要工(gong)作是對苗木(mu)的種類特征進行了(le)解(jie)掌握,根據苗木(mu)對土壤的適應(ying)情(qing)況進行苗坑挖掘工(gong)作,這樣有(you)助于提(ti)升苗木(mu)后期的成活率,保證苗木(mu)能夠茁壯(zhuang)成長。

4.3.3苗木的(de)移植以及澆水工作的(de)注意事(shi)項

在(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)(zhi)作業(ye)中,需要加強苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)根部管理(li)(li)工作,保障苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)種植(zhi)(zhi)時深度的(de)(de)(de)科學合理(li)(li)性,只(zhi)有這樣才能保證苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)成活率。在(zai)實際作業(ye)中,苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)種植(zhi)(zhi)工作受到自然因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao),需要對苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進行妥(tuo)善(shan)安(an)置(zhi)工作,安(an)置(zhi)過程考慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)首要因(yin)素是保證苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)水(shui)(shui)分(fen),提升苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)成活率。在(zai)種植(zhi)(zhi)后期的(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)工作中,需要考慮(lv)天氣因(yin)素,在(zai)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)補澆(jiao)時講究適(shi)當(dang),在(zai)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇上(shang)可以選(xuan)用葉面(mian)噴霧的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。

5土壤的科學管理

土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)對于(yu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性是(shi)毋庸置疑的(de)(de),其直接(jie)決定了園(yuan)林植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)基礎,同(tong)時還提供植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)水分(fen)以(yi)及養(yang)分(fen)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)好壞和土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)著密(mi)切的(de)(de)關(guan)系,所以(yi)園(yuan)林綠化養(yang)護(hu)工作(zuo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)借助(zhu)一些(xie)手段去(qu)保證土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)養(yang)分(fen)和肥(fei)力。從(cong)園(yuan)林綠化的(de)(de)養(yang)護(hu)管(guan)理角度(du)而言,首當其沖的(de)(de)工作(zuo)是(shi)松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)除(chu)(chu)草,這樣做的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)減少土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)水分(fen)蒸發情(qing)況,通過(guo)改善其透氣(qi)性去(qu)分(fen)解(jie)并(bing)且轉化土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),這樣才能確(que)保土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)具備更多的(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)分(fen),然后給植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)根系提供營(ying)養(yang)。但實(shi)際的(de)(de)松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工作(zuo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)特(te)點做出選擇,通常情(qing)況下,一些(xie)草本類(lei)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)時,工作(zuo)人員需(xu)要(yao)(yao)將深度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)5cm左右,對于(yu)樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)而言,其松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)深度(du)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加深至10cm,當然這并(bing)不包括灌木(mu)。由于(yu)雜(za)草會對植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)較大的(de)(de)危害(hai),同(tong)時還會和植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)爭(zheng)奪(duo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)水分(fen)與養(yang)分(fen),對園(yuan)林的(de)(de)景觀也會產生(sheng)視覺上的(de)(de)影響,所以(yi)定期清理植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)周圍的(de)(de)雜(za)草是(shi)非常有(you)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)是(shi),除(chu)(chu)草以(yi)及松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)這兩項工作(zuo)可以(yi)同(tong)時進行,通常情(qing)況下,每年可以(yi)多次(ci)除(chu)(chu)草,除(chu)(chu)草的(de)(de)范圍根據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)特(te)點來決定,盡可能在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)盤之(zhi)內(nei)為宜。

6合理的施肥管理

施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)對于(yu)(yu)園林綠(lv)化的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)作而(er)言是不可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)環節(jie),合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)可以(yi)保證植物(wu)(wu)生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求并(bing)獲(huo)得足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)養(yang)分,促進(jin)其加(jia)快生長(chang)。在(zai)(zai)展開施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi),需(xu)要注(zhu)重施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,通常情況(kuang)下建(jian)議將施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間安排在(zai)(zai)晚(wan)秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)節(jie),主要原因在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)大部分植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)根系(xi)在(zai)(zai)晚(wan)秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)處于(yu)(yu)生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)高峰期(qi),這時(shi)(shi)(shi)候對它們進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)能(neng)夠很好地促進(jin)根系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)健康成(cheng)長(chang),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)還能(neng)保證這些(xie)植物(wu)(wu)可以(yi)順利過冬(dong),為下一年的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)打下良好基(ji)礎。另外,養(yang)護人(ren)員需(xu)要在(zai)(zai)植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)前期(qi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)后期(qi)生長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間繼(ji)續追加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)料,在(zai)(zai)植物(wu)(wu)開花以(yi)及(ji)(ji)花芽分化期(qi)間也要繼(ji)續追加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)料,這樣才(cai)能(neng)保證植物(wu)(wu)獲(huo)取(qu)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)。

7加大對園林植物病蟲害的防治

園林綠化(hua)工程在城市的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)系統中起到(dao)了(le)舉(ju)足輕重的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),所以加(jia)強植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)養護管理工作(zuo)成為了(le)一項重點工作(zuo)。在對(dui)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)展開管理工作(zuo)時(shi),可以采用(yong)人(ren)工方式(shi)去預防(fang)或(huo)者治(zhi)療病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai),另外(wai)還能結合生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以及化(hua)學的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)方式(shi),確(que)保(bao)(bao)園林綠化(hua)層次的(de)(de)(de)不斷增加(jia)。除(chu)此之外(wai),因為植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類的(de)(de)(de)多樣化(hua)提高了(le)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)以及管理工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)難度(du),為了(le)從根本上解決病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)問題,工作(zuo)人(ren)員需(xu)要定期給植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)施加(jia)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)肥料(liao),確(que)保(bao)(bao)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自身抵抗病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)能力的(de)(de)(de)提升。

8結語

綠化(hua)園林工(gong)程起(qi)著改(gai)善城(cheng)市居民生活環境的(de)(de)作用,如降低噪(zao)音、凈化(hua)空氣等(deng),為城(cheng)市居民提供一個良好優質的(de)(de)生活空間,由此可見,園林綠化(hua)工(gong)程建設的(de)(de)意義(yi)重大,但我國的(de)(de)城(cheng)市園林工(gong)程施工(gong)仍然存在著許多不足,可以(yi)通(tong)過技術改(gai)進等(deng)方式(shi)進行解決,進而實現我國城(cheng)市生態綠色(se)發(fa)展理念。[ID:014376]

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作者:易曉燕 單位(wei):南京玄武園林(lin)綠(lv)化工程有限責任公司