導(dao)語：如何才能(neng)寫好(hao)一篇施工組(zu)織(zhi)設計總(zong)結，這(zhe)就需要搜集(ji)整理更多的(de)資料(liao)和文(wen)獻，歡迎(ying)閱讀由(you)公務員之家整理的(de)十(shi)篇范(fan)文(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

時(shi)間一晃而過(guo)，彈(dan)指(zhi)之間，在(zai)公(gong)司已經(jing)工作了一年(nian)(nian)，過(guo)去(qu)的一年(nian)(nian)在(zai)領導(dao)和(he)同事們的悉心關懷和(he)指(zhi)導(dao)下，通過(guo)自(zi)身的不(bu)懈(xie)努力(li)，在(zai)工作上取得了一定的成果，但也(ye)存在(zai)了諸(zhu)多(duo)不(bu)足。回顧過(guo)去(qu)的一年(nian)(nian)，現(xian)將工作總(zong)結如下：

    一、專(zhuan)心(xin)(xin)學(xue)習(xi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務知(zhi)識(shi)，作(zuo)為(wei)剛剛畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)學(xue)生，深感(gan)自(zi)己的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)無(wu)法滿足(zu)新工(gong)作(zuo)、新崗位的(de)需(xu)要。為(wei)此，按照學(xue)以致用(yong)的(de)原則，我主動積極的(de)自(zi)學(xue)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知(zhi)識(shi)，虛心(xin)(xin)請教領導和同事，對工(gong)作(zuo)中遇到的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)問題，不回(hui)避(bi)、不推(tui)諉(wei)、不退(tui)讓，力求吃透弄清，比較(jiao)快的(de)掌握了項目工(gong)程建設、管理以及(ji)質量控制方面的(de)相關知(zhi)識(shi)，為(wei)開展、完成工(gong)作(zuo)打下了一定的(de)基礎。同時，注重計(ji)算機應用(yong)等專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能的(de)學(xue)習(xi)和實踐，掌握了計(ji)算機操作(zuo)知(zhi)識(shi)，適應了辦公自(zi)動化的(de)需(xu)要。

二、扎實搞好本職工作，主動履行崗位職責，熟悉標書文件，弄清圖紙，參加現場調查核對，提出完善設計建議，參與編制施工組織設計的(de)編制(zhi)，繪制(zhi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)必要的(de)細部大樣圖和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)輔助圖紙，積極完成各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作任(ren)務。并直(zhi)接(jie)參與負責工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理、現場(chang)協調(diao)、項(xiang)目進(jin)(jin)(jin)度、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)變更(geng)(geng)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。首先根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)作需要，經常深入(ru)現場(chang)，堅(jian)持把技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)作貫徹于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)，掌握了(le)解工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)情況，對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊技(ji)術交底，指導各(ge)(ge)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊的(de)自檢(jian)(jian)、互檢(jian)(jian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)序交接(jie)檢(jian)(jian)查，分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收，從質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度等(deng)環節認真(zhen)檢(jian)(jian)查，發現問題，及時做出整(zheng)改和調(diao)整(zheng)，明確(que)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)責任(ren)，嚴(yan)格工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)度控制(zhi)、投(tou)資(zi)控制(zhi)，保證(zheng)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)順(shun)利(li)實施；在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)變更(geng)(geng)方面，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)圖紙詳(xiang)細了(le)解，做到變更(geng)(geng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)核(he)算準確(que)無誤，其(qi)次積極主(zhu)動(dong)地進(jin)(jin)(jin)行了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)協調(diao)和服務工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。

三(san)、在作風上，能遵章守紀、團(tuan)結同事(shi)、務(wu)真求實、樂觀上進，始終(zhong)保持嚴謹認真的(de)工作態度和一(yi)絲不(bu)茍(gou)的(de)工作作風，勤勤懇(ken)懇(ken)，任(ren)(ren)勞任(ren)(ren)怨(yuan)。在生活中發揚艱苦樸素、勤儉耐勞、樂于(yu)助(zhu)人(ren)的(de)優良傳統，始終(zhong)做(zuo)到老老實實做(zuo)人(ren)，勤勤懇(ken)懇(ken)做(zuo)事(shi)，勤勞簡樸的(de)生活，嚴格要(yao)求自己，在任(ren)(ren)何(he)時候(hou)都(dou)要(yao)起到模范(fan)帶頭作用。加強自己思想(xiang)建設，增(zeng)強全局意識、增(zeng)強責任(ren)(ren)感、增(zeng)強服務(wu)意識、增(zeng)強團(tuan)隊意識。 積極(ji)主動(dong)地把(ba)工作做(zuo)到點上、落到實處(chu)。我將盡我最大的(de)能力減輕(qing)領導(dao)的(de)壓力。

四、過去一年，自己在學習、工作、生活中都能以嚴格標準要求自己，也付出了很大努力，取得了一定成績。但與領導的要求相比，還有一定的差距。現對自己的不足之處做出以下總結：

1、學習的廣度和深度不(bu)夠，對(dui)新知(zhi)識、新理論涉獵的較(jiao)少，學的不(bu)透

2、工(gong)作(zuo)中開拓創(chuang)新意(yi)識有待于進一步加強，特別是在工(gong)程管(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)體制和機制創(chuang)新上還沒有理出(chu)好的思路

3、雖然具備(bei)了(le)一定的(de)組(zu)織協調能(neng)力(li)，但在把(ba)握全局，宏觀(guan)綜(zong)合管理能(neng)力(li)上還有待(dai)提高。在今后(hou)的(de)工(gong)作中不斷(duan)發揚成績(ji)，克服不足，與時俱(ju)進，不斷(duan)開創(chuang)工(gong)作的(de)新局面。

                            五(wu)、新(xin)(xin)一年的(de)展(zhan)望面對近(jin)年來(lai)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)繁重的(de)項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)管(guan)(guan)理(li)任(ren)務，在今(jin)后的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中，本(ben)人會(hui)一如(ru)既(ji)往地踏(ta)踏(ta)實實，兢(jing)兢(jing)業(ye)業(ye)完成(cheng)本(ben)職工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)領導交辦的(de)任(ren)務，主動支持(chi)配合領導，完成(cheng)重點項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)管(guan)(guan)理(li)各(ge)項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務。同時(shi)，針對存(cun)在的(de)不足和(he)(he)擬任(ren)崗位的(de)要求(qiu)，加強(qiang)三個方面：一是(shi)加強(qiang)政治理(li)論(lun)和(he)(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)知識(shi)(shi)學習，不斷更(geng)新(xin)(xin)補充新(xin)(xin)的(de)知識(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)理(li)論(lun)，提高自身政治素質和(he)(he)業(ye)務能力(li)(li)，以適(shi)應新(xin)(xin)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗位的(de)需(xu)要。二是(shi)加強(qiang)開拓進(jin)取意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，不斷拓寬觀念，理(li)清(qing)思路，積極而富(fu)有成(cheng)效地開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，提高創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效率。三是(shi)加強(qiang)理(li)論(lun)和(he)(he)實踐的(de)有機結合，不斷適(shi)應新(xin)(xin)形勢的(de)要求(qiu)，正確把握處理(li)重點項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)中的(de)各(ge)類問(wen)題和(he)(he)矛盾，提高全局觀和(he)(he)宏觀管(guan)(guan)理(li)能力(li)(li)，為項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)做出更(geng)大的(de)貢獻(xian)。

    2007年，是全新(xin)(xin)的(de)一年，也是自我挑戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)一年，我將努力(li)改正過去一年工作(zuo)中的(de)不足，把新(xin)(xin)一年的(de)工作(zuo)做好，為公司的(de)發展盡一份力(li)。新(xin)(xin)的(de)一年意味著新(xin)(xin)的(de)起點(dian)新(xin)(xin)的(de)機遇新(xin)(xin)的(de)挑戰(zhan)(zhan)、“決心再接再厲(li)，更上一層樓”

                         

篇2

關鍵詞：施(shi)工(gong)組織設計(ji)工(gong)程技術(shu)施(shi)工(gong)管理技術(shu)經濟一體化模塊化.

中圖(tu)分(fen)類號：TU723.2 文獻(xian)標識碼：A文章編號：

在(zai)建(jian)筑市(shi)場激(ji)烈競爭的(de)(de)大環境(jing)下，建(jian)筑工(gong)程投(tou)標工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)企(qi)業生存的(de)(de)關鍵環節，而投(tou)標文件(jian)的(de)(de)技術標的(de)(de)施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計部分是(shi)決定能否中標的(de)(de)主要內(nei)容，而投(tou)標階段(duan)的(de)(de)施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計其(qi)編制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)往往是(shi)在(zai)時(shi)間倉促(cu)、資料(liao)不全(quan)依(yi)據(ju)不充分的(de)(de)情況下進行(xing)的(de)(de)。為此對投(tou)標階段(duan)施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計編制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，試(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)粗淺(qian)的(de)(de)研究，使施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計編制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)更大效率為企(qi)業經(jing)營(ying)生產服務。

施(shi)工組織設計作為工程(cheng)技術與施(shi)工管理二者有機的(de)(de)(de)結晶(jing)，以千千萬萬個工程(cheng)實(shi)踐經(jing)驗為基礎，已成(cheng)為一門重要的(de)(de)(de)學科。我國工程(cheng)技術人員在施(shi)工組織設計的(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)和(he)(he)實(shi)施(shi)中(zhong)，付(fu)出了巨大的(de)(de)(de)、有價值的(de)(de)(de)創造性勞動，其中(zhong)包含：對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工技術的(de)(de)(de)改進；對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工方法的(de)(de)(de)選擇與鑒別(bie)；對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)總結和(he)(he)積累；對(dui)(dui)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)把握和(he)(he)分析；對(dui)(dui)不同(tong)施(shi)工條件的(de)(de)(de)適應和(he)(he)改善等。

1、施工組(zu)織設計編(bian)制工作的特(te)點；

1.1施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)設計編制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)以單個工(gong)程（包括項目、單位工(gong)程）為對(dui)象(xiang)進行的籌劃(hua)、構(gou)思和過程設計活動。

1.2施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計編制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理兩大要素互相結合或(huo)結晶(jing)的過程(cheng)。

1.3施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)編(bian)制工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，在(zai)一(yi)般情況下，是各個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業分(fen)別獨立(li)進行(xing)的業務工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

1.4施(shi)工組織(zhi)設(she)計編制工作，是技術性(xing)、綜合性(xing)很強的(de)智力勞(lao)動過程，它需要編制人員具有建(jian)筑安裝理論基礎和一定的(de)實踐經(jing)驗(yan)。

1.5施(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)的內容必須符(fu)合國家(jia)法規、標(biao)準(zhun)、技術規范的基本要求。

1.6施工組織設計(ji)的內(nei)容必須適應(ying)工程項目及其業主、設計(ji)者監理者、地方法(fa)規(gui)的特殊要(yao)求(qiu)，并(bing)對(dui)市場要(yao)求(qiu)作出迅(xun)速及時(shi)的反應(ying)。

1.7投標階段的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工組織(zhi)設計，其(qi)編制(zhi)工作往往是在時(shi)間緊促、資料不足、依(yi)據不充分的(de)(de)(de)情況下進行的(de)(de)(de)。

1.8施工(gong)組織設計編制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作必須最終滿足(zu)一(yi)個(ge)基本(ben)要求(qiu)，一(yi)一(yi)對(dui)施工(gong)過程真正起到指導和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)作用，在一(yi)定的(de)資源條件(jian)限制(zhi)(zhi)下，實(shi)現本(ben)工(gong)程的(de)技術經濟效益。

2、施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計編制工(gong)作存在的不足和問題

2.1施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)編(bian)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)存在著大量重(zhong)復性勞(lao)動(dong)，由于建筑產品具有單件性、多樣性、綜合性、固定性的特點，施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)必須逐個進行編(bian)制(zhi)，以適應不同(tong)的工(gong)(gong)程類型、自(zi)然條件、社會條件和流動(dong)性施工(gong)(gong)隊伍，然而(er)，不同(tong)編(bian)制(zhi)人(ren)員(yuan)在進行必要的有價值的勞(lao)動(dong)的同(tong)時，仍然付出了大量的不必要的重(zhong)復性勞(lao)動(dong)。

（1）不同(tong)的編制人員對于同(tong)類(lei)型(xing)的施(shi)工工藝(yi)方法分別(bie)進行單獨(du)的構(gou)思，這(zhe)些構(gou)思從全(quan)局高(gao)度(du)來看，是重復性勞(lao)動。

（2）施工組織設計中，術語的定義，基本(ben)概念的使用章(zhang)節(jie)、內容的確定，技術經濟指標的設置、圖表(biao)的設計、計算的方法等，均處(chu)于缺乏統(tong)一標準的狀態，因而產(chan)生了編制工作過程的重復(fu)性勞動，有時甚至發生無效勞動。

2.2我國(guo)多年積累的(de)已有的(de)建筑(zhu)施工技(ji)術資源(yuan)，特(te)別是其中(zhong)的(de)智(zhi)力資源(yuan)，沒有得到從(cong)分應用(yong)作用(yong)和發(fa)揮(hui)作用(yong)，這(zhe)一方面是編(bian)制工程人(ren)員(yuan)自身素質與經(jing)驗所(suo)限，另一方面是智(zhi)力資源(yuan)（技(ji)術資料、軟件(jian)）傳(chuan)播渠道不足(zu)不暢所(suo)至。往往有這(zhe)種情況，某個(ge)編(bian)制人(ren)員(yuan)構想追(zhui)索的(de)內(nei)容(rong)早已是有成(cheng)功經(jing)驗可以借鑒的(de)，但他不僅得不到借鑒，甚(shen)至還(huan)不知道已有這(zhe)項成(cheng)果。

2.3施工(gong)組織設(she)計不能(neng)起(qi)到(dao)施工(gong)指導作用(yong)，其(qi)原因如下：

（1）施工組織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)編(bian)制人(ren)員缺(que)乏技(ji)術(shu)理論基礎和具體施工經驗，編(bian)制中照(zhao)搬抄以(yi)有技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范的內容（甚(shen)至連“允許(xu)偏差”數據表等(deng)也全盤錄用），未(wei)針對具體工程對象進行策劃與設(she)(she)計(ji)，不具備指導功能(neng)。

（2）從管理機制上，沒(mei)有(you)始(shi)終堅持把施工(gong)組(zu)織設計作為指導(dao)性文件的權(quan)威性，在編(bian)制、審批、實施、修訂與經濟地位等(deng)環節，均未(wei)給(gei)予(yu)應有(you)的地位，對編(bian)制人員的勞動未(wei)給(gei)予(yu)足夠的承認(ren)和報償。

2.4建筑市場和業(ye)主階層對建筑安裝企業(ye)（建筑承包商）及其技術人員提出日益(yi)嚴(yan)峻的(de)苛(ke)求。現實(shi)的(de)情況有(you)：往往要求施工(gong)單位(wei)在投標的(de)短暫期限（有(you)時(shi)(shi)只有(you)3—5d）內，在資料(liao)不充分、也無暇進行調查(cha)研究的(de)情況下，提交一份施工(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)，共有(you)關業(ye)主及其專家審查(cha)。這樣，一方面帶來了編制工(gong)作質(zhi)量的(de)隱(yin)患，同時(shi)(shi)更增加了大量的(de)重復勞動(dong)或無效勞動(dong)。

3.改進(jin)施工組織設計編制工作的對策

3.1運用“系統”的觀念，研究施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計的技術(shu)特性與經濟作用，從而通過國家(jia)或行業(ye)法規確立其施(shi)工(gong)基本(ben)指導文件(jian)的地位(wei)。建(jian)設(she)(she)。建(jian)設(she)(she)部或建(jian)設(she)(she)施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)主管機關(guan)(guan)，制(zhi)定有關(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計工(gong)作的正(zheng)式法規性文件(jian)。

3.2運用“系統(tong)”的(de)方法，研究并(bing)制(zhi)定施(shi)工組織設計(ji)(ji)的(de)國家標(biao)準或(huo)(huo)行業標(biao)準，針(zhen)對(dui)不同(tong)類型、等級、結構(gou)特點的(de)工程，規(gui)定其不同(tong)的(de)內容模式與(yu)編制(zhi)標(biao)準；同(tong)時對(dui)其中的(de)特殊性(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)，規(gui)定出編制(zhi)要求或(huo)(huo)目標(biao)，以此邁出“施(shi)工組織設計(ji)(ji)編制(zhi)工作”標(biao)準化的(de)第一(yi)步（注意，本(ben)文處所言的(de)是編制(zhi)工作的(de)標(biao)準化，而不是施(shi)工組織設計(ji)(ji)內容的(de)強(qiang)制(zhi)統(tong)一(yi)化）。

3.3運用技術經濟一(yi)體化的(de)觀念，充分肯定(ding)(ding)(ding)施工組織設(she)計(ji)編制(zhi)人(ren)員（包括審定(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)員）的(de)勞(lao)動價(jia)值，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)合理(li)可行的(de)編制(zhi)工作定(ding)(ding)(ding)額(e)標準和考核(he)辦法，以便有據、有理(li)地(di)支(zhi)付(fu)編制(zhi)人(ren)員的(de)應得報(bao)酬。

3.4行業(ye)管理部門明(ming)確一定的職能機構人(ren)員，按計劃程序對建(jian)筑工程大(da)中(zhong)型項目施工組織設計進(jin)(jin)行搜集、注冊(ce)與(yu)評(ping)審，不斷進(jin)(jin)行有(you)效(xiao)地技(ji)術積累、分析、歸納(na)、整理與(yu)，使全國各地施工組織設計的技(ji)術財富發揮效(xiao)能，減少重(zhong)復勞動，推廣先(xian)進(jin)(jin)經驗(yan)。

3.5建筑施工企(qi)業(ye)內部實行(xing)施工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計“模塊(kuai)化”編(bian)織(zhi)法，一便進(jin)行(xing)積累、分組(zu)、交流及重復(fu)應(ying)用，減(jian)少(shao)無效(xiao)勞(lao)動(dong)，增(zeng)進(jin)各(ge)“模塊(kuai)”的(de)重復(fu)使用功(gong)能。

篇3

關鍵詞：編制；土建工程；設(she)計；問題

中圖分類(lei)號：S611文(wen)獻標識碼：A 文(wen)章編號：

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計是一個指(zhi)(zhi)導各(ge)類施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目活動技術、經濟、組(zu)織(zhi)和控制的綜合性文(wen)件，有機地結合了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術和項目管理。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計以施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目為對象，規劃、指(zhi)(zhi)導擬建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程投標(biao)、簽(qian)訂承包合同、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程。它(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)完成了(le)科(ke)學的控制質(zhi)量(liang)、進(jin)度和成本這三大目標(biao)。

根(gen)據不同的編制對象和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設(she)計(ji)階段，將施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)分為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)總(zong)設(she)計(ji)、單位工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)。當出現(xian)招標、投(tou)標以后，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)又被分類為投(tou)標施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)（實施(shi)(shi)(shi)性）施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)。

一、施工組(zu)織總設計

施工(gong)組織總(zong)設計是一個(ge)宏觀性的綜合文(wen)件，集(ji)中體(ti)現技術性及(ji)經濟性。

1、通(tong)過前期各方面的調查，研究建設方多方面的詳細情(qing)況，最終獲得(de)真實(shi)的第一手資料。

2、重視施工(gong)(gong)部(bu)署，并且(qie)制訂的施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案要具有(you)針(zhen)對性。要積極應用新(xin)技術、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、新(xin)設備、新(xin)材(cai)料的優(you)勢。

3、根據(ju)施工項目的(de)實際(ji)情況(kuang)，制定出一個符合施工項目的(de)規模、控制工期、結(jie)構和資金提供情況(kuang)等的(de)優化(hua)后的(de)詳(xiang)細進度(du)計劃。同時為(wei)了確保(bao)施工項目的(de)進度(du)，必須制訂好相應的(de)保(bao)證工期的(de)措施，做(zuo)到未雨綢繆(mou)。

4、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目的(de)核心就(jiu)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量，要(yao)制訂(ding)好(hao)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量的(de)技術措(cuo)施及(ji)保證(zheng)措(cuo)施。技術措(cuo)施主要(yao)體(ti)現(xian)在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目驗收的(de)規范性和(he)質量等級評定的(de)標準這(zhe)兩個方面(mian)。而(er)保證(zheng)措(cuo)施

一則體現在(zai)施工(gong)項目質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理的(de)組織體系(xi)，二則體現在(zai)施工(gong)項目質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理人員的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)職責和(he)權限以及質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保證體系(xi)動(dong)作的(de)工(gong)作程序等。

5、“一切以安全為主”，對項(xiang)目實施過程中有可能(neng)發生的“不安全”因(yin)素，制(zhi)訂好相應的安全預防技術措施。

6、規劃并(bing)制訂出施(shi)工項目的平面布置圖，搞好(hao)文明(ming)施(shi)工。

二、投標工程(cheng)施工組織(zhi)設計

工(gong)程投(tou)標(biao)是(shi)企(qi)業或(huo)個(ge)人承(cheng)攬(lan)工(gong)程的(de)一種方(fang)法(fa)，承(cheng)包商(shang)是(shi)投(tou)標(biao)方(fang)，業主(zhu)是(shi)招標(biao)方(fang)，操(cao)作對象是(shi)所要建立的(de)建筑工(gong)程，它是(shi)一種相(xiang)對成熟、較(jiao)為積極(ji)的(de)一種交易活(huo)動。衡(heng)量(liang)能否(fou)承(cheng)攬(lan)工(gong)程的(de)關鍵(jian)有(you)三個(ge)因素：投(tou)報(bao)的(de)底價(jia)、質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)等級、進度的(de)保證。做要好這項(xiang)工(gong)程，主(zhu)要有(you)以下幾(ji)點(dian)需要注意：

1、領導要(yao)起帶頭作用，從上到下，對投標(biao)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)組(zu)織設計這項工(gong)作，思想上達成統一，要(yao)把此項任務當做是(shi)打(da)中投標(biao)戰役(yi)靶心至關重要(yao)的一環(huan)的高(gao)度(du)來開展工(gong)作，并加(jia)大(da)執(zhi)行力度(du)，建立專(zhuan)項專(zhuan)管機制，成立投標(biao)公(gong)關團隊，擴大(da)組(zu)員(yuan)的規模和增加(jia)組(zu)員(yuan)的數量(liang)，人(ren)員(yuan)配備要(yao)合(he)理(li)，要(yao)充實(shi)骨干力量(liang)，保證(zheng)老(lao)、中、青的合(he)理(li)搭配，以實(shi)現技(ji)術和經驗(yan)的傳(chuan)、幫(bang)、帶，有助于(yu)投標(biao)質(zhi)量(liang)的提高(gao)。

2、運用(yong)科學(xue)的(de)(de)手段(duan)和(he)辯證(zheng)的(de)(de)理念，參(can)照國家對工(gong)程(cheng)招投標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)相關標(biao)(biao)準和(he)規(gui)范(fan)，以及(ji)其他(ta)企業(ye)成熟的(de)(de)投標(biao)(biao)文(wen)件，建立和(he)完善企業(ye)開(kai)展施工(gong)組織設計編(bian)制工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)企業(ye)標(biao)(biao)準。在應用(yong)這(zhe)項標(biao)(biao)準，開(kai)展執行(xing)推廣(guang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，要不斷總結經驗、吸取教(jiao)訓(xun)并學(xue)習其他(ta)先進(jin)的(de)(de)理念和(he)方法，使該項標(biao)(biao)準能真正(zheng)發揮(hui)它的(de)(de)正(zheng)面作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，推動企業(ye)更快更好(hao)的(de)(de)發展。

 3.工程管理部門要加大管理力(li)度(du)，及時收集對(dui)已完成的大、中型等項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施工組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)，并(bing)進行認(ren)真總結(jie)和(he)細致歸納，統一收錄并(bing)公(gong)開向其他部門，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)最好能建立一個局域網，在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部網絡(luo)資(zi)源(yuan)設(she)有共享平臺，為(wei)該項(xiang)(xiang)文件設(she)置專用網絡(luo)空間，認(ren)大家都(dou)可了解(jie)該項(xiang)(xiang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)。這樣做(zuo)的好吃是(shi):一方面實現了無紙(zhi)化(hua)辦公(gong)，信息更(geng)(geng)快捷、溝通(tong)更(geng)(geng)方便，便于(yu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部相(xiang)互學習和(he)交流(liu)先進技術和(he)經驗(yan)；另一方面則減低(di)了勞(lao)動強度(du)，使設(she)計(ji)(ji)施工效率更(geng)(geng)高，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)效益(yi)更(geng)(geng)好。

4. 投標工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作流程主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)兩步(bu)走，第(di)一步(bu)是(shi)研究標書，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)最(zui)初的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖紙設計要(yao)求和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)限制條件；第(di)二步(bu)是(shi)拿(na)出預(yu)案，確定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)根據招標書的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，結合實(shi)(shi)際情況(kuang)，確定成(cheng)本(ben)、進(jin)度、質量三大施(shi)(shi)工(gong)目(mu)標。以(yi)上兩步(bu)，第(di)二步(bu)是(shi)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)給出要(yao)結合三大目(mu)標如何實(shi)(shi)現，進(jin)行綜合、全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮。因為兩者不是(shi)相互孤(gu)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)、無交(jiao)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而是(shi)交(jiao)織在(zai)一起(qi)，互通有(you)互。在(zai)進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，要(yao)在(zai)現有(you)優(you)(you)質資源和(he)多(duo)年經驗積累的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，注重學習借(jie)鑒國內外(wai)同行的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術，從(cong)實(shi)(shi)際出發，綜合體現其較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)性價比(bi)，系統分(fen)析、科學管理，拿(na)出多(duo)種預(yu)案，并(bing)最(zui)終選(xuan)擇技(ji)術和(he)價格(ge)匹配(pei)最(zui)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個人，做到優(you)(you)中選(xuan)優(you)(you)。

5.進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工組織設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)系統(tong)化(hua)、模(mo)(mo)塊化(hua)對(dui)接，多(duo)借助高科技(ji)手(shou)段，多(duo)利用(yong)網絡資源，進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)組操作，每個班(ban)組負(fu)責一(yi)份模(mo)(mo)塊，同時開始工作，齊頭并進(jin)，并可(ke)由施(shi)工設(she)(she)計(ji)部負(fu)責牽頭，根據對(dui)接部分(fen)尺寸和技(ji)術(shu)要求，創建模(mo)(mo)型骨架，使各個模(mo)(mo)塊既(ji)是(shi)一(yi)個個體，又(you)錄屬于整(zheng)個施(shi)工組織設(she)(she)計(ji)整(zheng)體。這(zhe)種設(she)(she)計(ji)方法可(ke)實現模(mo)(mo)塊的(de)無縫對(dui)接，大(da)大(da)降低了勞動量(liang)，各個模(mo)(mo)塊可(ke)分(fen)、可(ke)合、可(ke)疊加、可(ke)收縮以及多(duo)次(ci)使用(yong)，大(da)大(da)增強了資源的(de)有效(xiao)利用(yong)率(lv)。現在(zai)比較(jiao)好的(de)媒介就是(shi)建立企業局域網絡平臺(tai)，對(dui)已(yi)成(cheng)型的(de)典型設(she)(she)計(ji)進(jin)行(xing)肢解模(mo)(mo)塊分(fen)析，再有機整(zheng)合，達到大(da)家(jia)共(gong)同學習提高地目的(de)。

6.投(tou)標用(yong)施(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)橫向和縱向的(de)(de)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)和深(shen)度(du)，首(shou)先，要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)圖紙(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)準確性、正(zheng)確性和較(jiao)好(hao)經濟性，在此基(ji)礎上，吸收對業主提出想法和意(yi)見，運用(yong)自(zi)身的(de)(de)專業知識，結(jie)合(he)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)附加的(de)(de)藝術和美感(gan)(gan)顯露(lu)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)靈感(gan)(gan)，設計(ji)(ji)(ji)一個(ge)既滿足客戶基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，又突(tu)出藝術特(te)色(se)、彰顯美感(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)作品。這就為(wei)贏得客戶的(de)(de)認(ren)可和喜歡注入了(le)更多的(de)(de)籌碼。另外，設計(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員還要(yao)(yao)加強技術的(de)(de)積累(lei)，為(wei)量(liang)變到(dao)質變打下良好(hao)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎，同(tong)時要(yao)(yao)著力于技術成果的(de)(de)轉化，使其早日應用(yong)于實踐。

7.把施(shi)工組織(zhi)(zhi)設計和投(tou)標報價(jia)看成一個整體，要并(bing)肩作戰(zhan)、相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成。因(yin)為可以說(shuo)一個施(shi)工組織(zhi)(zhi)設計是(shi)否(fou)合格(ge)、科學直接決定(ding)著(zhu)投(tou)標的(de)報價(jia)的(de)是(shi)否(fou)準(zhun)確(que)、合理，而(er)施(shi)工組織(zhi)(zhi)設計中成本因(yin)素又制約著(zhu)投(tou)標的(de)報價(jia)，以價(jia)格(ge)的(de)高低衡量著(zhu)報價(jia)的(de)多少(shao)。

8. 在表達形式上，施工(gong)組織設(she)計要重點突出(chu)，目標(biao)明(ming)確，符合要求，條理清楚，突破難(nan)點并(bing)具有較強的(de)(de)競爭力，充分展現企業實力和名氣。另外，我們也可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)運用多媒體手段相(xiang)結合，使用flash、3dmax、authorware以(yi)及pro/e等(deng)三維立(li)體電腦設(she)計軟件，動態的(de)(de)、立(li)體的(de)(de)、全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)向(xiang)業主展示，使業主對我們的(de)(de)的(de)(de)施工(gong)設(she)計方(fang)案有更直觀、更形象的(de)(de)認識，這必會給業主留下深刻的(de)(de)印象，便于(yu)我們贏得標(biao)書。

三、單位工(gong)程施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計

單位工程施工組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)是(shi)指導(dao)一(yi)個單位工程（建筑物(wu)或構筑物(wu)）進行(xing)施工準備和組(zu)織施工的(de)全面性(xing)的(de)技術、經濟文件(jian)。單位工程施工組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)針對性(xing)強、獨立(li)性(xing)強,編制的(de)內(nei)容要全面、周(zhou)密。

1、切忌機械模仿

對正常的(de)操作工(gong)藝描述要簡單明了，不可(ke)長篇大(da)論。對特殊的(de)、需要注意的(de)地(di)方要加以明確，不可(ke)含(han)糊其辭(ci)。一(yi)般來說，對具有共性的(de)操作工(gong)藝不在從設計中體現，而是(shi)在技(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)時(shi)表明。

2、切忌施(shi)工進(jin)度圖表簡略(lve)

施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度圖(tu)(tu)表(biao)不(bu)僅工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度要求(qiu)的(de)直(zhi)接體現，它也是施工(gong)(gong)生產人員素質,機器和工(gong)(gong)具的(de)配備(bei)程(cheng)度平(ping)，物資(zi)準備(bei)概況，施工(gong)(gong)技術先進(jin)(jin)(jin)性和季節影響等諸多因(yin)素的(de)間接客觀(guan)表(biao)現。要滿足這些條件(jian)的(de)要求(qiu)，平(ping)衡(heng)各方力量，就不(bu)能(neng)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度圖(tu)(tu)表(biao)做的(de)過于(yu)簡略。

3、切(qie)忌施工作業設計內容簡單

施(shi)工作業(ye)設(she)(she)計在單位工程中主要闡述主體(ti)工程的(de)(de)施(shi)工以及其他特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)、高(gao)級(ji)的(de)(de)作業(ye)手(shou)法。它的(de)(de)施(shi)工作業(ye)設(she)(she)計是施(shi)工三(san)大目標的(de)(de)集中體(ti)現(xian)，所以在進行(xing)設(she)(she)計時(shi)，內容要豐(feng)富(fu)飽滿(man)，切記簡單、機械。

四、分(fen)項工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)組織設計

分項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)實(shi)(shi)質上是(shi)單(dan)位(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)的(de)一個(ge)另外(wai)打(da)包設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)方(fang)案,主(zhu)要涉及施(shi)工(gong)作業的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。此(ci)項(xiang)是(shi)一項(xiang)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)系統工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學,它在施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)需要面(mian)對諸(zhu)多實(shi)(shi)際(ji)問題。對這(zhe)一項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，我們要高度重視(shi)，不斷研究，結合(he)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)，方(fang)可(ke)實(shi)(shi)現工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)良好(hao)收尾(wei)。

五、結束語

縱(zong)觀現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑市場(chang)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計編(bian)制方面還存在(zai)諸多問(wen)題。隨著(zhu)我國加(jia)入世貿組(zu)織(zhi)，工程建(jian)設(she)規范(fan)與國際標(biao)準的(de)(de)接軌，我國的(de)(de)土建(jian)工程各類施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計編(bian)制也逐步走向正(zheng)規。只要我們不(bu)斷學習和提高(gao)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)設(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工等技術水平，就一定(ding)能(neng)使我國建(jian)筑水準越(yue)來越(yue)高(gao)。

參考文獻：

[1] 崔春寶;淺(qian)談施工組(zu)織設計的編制[J];山西建筑;2011年(nian)24期(qi).

[2] 胡偉,張曉冬;淺議注重施工組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)的編制技巧[J];廣東建材;2011年(nian)08期.

[3] 王(wang)建華;對施(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設計經(jing)濟性(xing)評(ping)價的認識(shi)[J];水利水電施(shi)工;2011年04期.

篇4

關鍵詞施工組織(zhi) 現狀 改進

中圖分類號： S611 文獻標識碼(ma)： A

施工組織設計作用

它(ta)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)了實現(xian)(xian)基本建設計劃和(he)(he)設計的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，提供(gong)了各階段(duan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容，協調(diao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位、各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)種、各項資源之間(jian)的(de)相互關(guan)系。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計是(shi)投標(biao)書的(de)重要(yao)(yao)組成部分，是(shi)為取得工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)權而編制的(de)，它(ta)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用不僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)用于(yu)指(zhi)導(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，還有以下兩個方面(mian)：一(yi)是(shi)論證作(zuo)用，在技術上、組織上和(he)(he)管理手段(duan)上論證投標(biao)書中投標(biao)報(bao)價、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量三大目標(biao)的(de)合理性(xing)和(he)(he)可行性(xing)；二是(shi)承(cheng)諾和(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)約(yue)作(zuo)用，對招標(biao)文件(jian)提出(chu)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)( 要(yao)(yao)約(yue)) 做出(chu)明確(que)、具(ju)體(ti)的(de)承(cheng)諾，對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)業主提供(gong)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)提出(chu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(要(yao)(yao)約(yue))。

施工組織設計現狀

從施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)編(bian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)特點看：施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)是以單(dan)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為(wei)對象進(jin)行編(bian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)，一(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)下是各個(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)分別獨(du)立進(jin)行，它有很強的(de)(de)技術性和(he)綜(zong)合性，需(xu)要(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)人員有足夠的(de)(de)建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)理(li)論基礎和(he)一(yi)定的(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian)經(jing)驗。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)內(nei)容必(bi)須(xu)適應工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目和(he)業(ye)主、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、監理(li)的(de)(de)特殊(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)，同(tong)時也必(bi)須(xu)符(fu)合國家(jia)有關法律、法規、標準及地方規范的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)編(bian)制(zhi)必(bi)須(xu)滿足最終的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)基本要(yao)求(qiu)即對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)起(qi)到指導和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)作(zuo)用，在(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)資(zi)源條件下實(shi)現工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)技術經(jing)濟效益，達到施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效益與經(jing)濟效益雙贏(ying)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

施工組織設計目前所(suo)存在(zai)的問題

但目前就我所(suo)接觸的工程(cheng)項目來(lai)看，有(you)較(jiao)多工程(cheng)施工組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)的重(zhong)要性還沒有(you)完(wan)全發揮出(chu)來(lai)，甚至對其重(zhong)要性的認識(shi)不(bu)盡人意，主要表現(xian)為(wei)：

1.目(mu)前施工組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計的編(bian)制經常是(shi)技術(shu)(shu)部(bu)門的幾個(ge)技術(shu)(shu)人員包(bao)攬，技術(shu)(shu)部(bu)門搞編(bian)制，生(sheng)產部(bu)門管執(zhi)行，出現(xian)設(she)計與實施分離的現(xian)象，以至(zhi)造成施工組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計只是(shi)個(ge)形式而已，不能真正起到指導施工的作用。

2.編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員目前所(suo)(suo)累(lei)積的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術資源(yuan)得不(bu)(bu)到有(you)(you)效(xiao)、充分的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，特別是(shi)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)智力資源(yuan)，這一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員自身素質和(he)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)足造成的(de)(de)(de)；另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)傳播渠(qu)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)足不(bu)(bu)暢通(tong)所(suo)(suo)致。對早已有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)成功經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)進行借鑒，所(suo)(suo)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容缺(que)乏新技(ji)(ji)術、新工(gong)(gong)藝，沒(mei)有(you)(you)起到提高勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)效(xiao)率、降(jiang)低(di)資源(yuan)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。往往有(you)(you)這種情況，某(mou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員在(zai)構想的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容，早已是(shi)有(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)可以借鑒，但(dan)(dan)他不(bu)(bu)僅沒(mei)有(you)(you)借鑒，甚(shen)至根本不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)有(you)(you)這項成果的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)，這就(jiu)給編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員帶來了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)復(fu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)。3.有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員缺(que)乏技(ji)(ji)術理(li)論(lun)基礎(chu)和(he)具(ju)體(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)(yan)，編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)只是(shi)對技(ji)(ji)術規范照搬照抄，而未(wei)對具(ju)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)進行有(you)(you)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)規劃和(he)設(she)計(ji)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)起到指導(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。4.現(xian)在(zai)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)只作(zuo)(zuo)為技(ji)(ji)術管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，它(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)追求施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)益而很少(shao)考慮經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)益，存(cun)在(zai)只注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)組(zu)織技(ji)(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而沒(mei)注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容，以至在(zai)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)講成本，沒(mei)有(you)(you)實(shi)現(xian)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)目標。5.施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)必(bi)須對每個(ge)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)逐個(ge)進行編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以適應不(bu)(bu)同工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，但(dan)(dan)不(bu)(bu)同編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員對于(yu)同類型的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝在(zai)進行編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)同時，作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)大量不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)復(fu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率。

施工組織(zhi)設計(ji)改進的措施

針對(dui)以上問題，為了改(gai)變這樣的(de)現狀，我(wo)建議從以下幾個方面(mian)入(ru)手，來真(zhen)正提(ti)高施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)計在工(gong)程實施(shi)過程中的(de)作(zuo)用。

第一，提(ti)高認(ren)識，重新來(lai)認(ren)識施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計。施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計是用來(lai)指導施工(gong)(gong)項目全過程(cheng)各項活動(dong)的技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、經濟(ji)(ji)和組織(zhi)的綜合性(xing)(xing)文件(jian)。一般由(you)以下部分組成(cheng)：工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)概(gai)況、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)模、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)特點、施工(gong)(gong)方案(an)及技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施、施工(gong)(gong)進度(du)計劃(hua)、施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場布置圖(tu)、勞動(dong)力、材料、機械的配(pei)置等(deng)、質(zhi)量(liang)目標(biao)、進度(du)、安全、文明(ming)、環保(bao)等(deng)措施，組織(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系、質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)體(ti)(ti)系。建筑施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計必須擴大深(shen)度(du)和范圍，對設計圖(tu)紙(zhi)的合理性(xing)(xing)和經濟(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)做(zuo)出評估，實現(xian)設計和施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的一體(ti)(ti)化。施工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)要(yao)建立(li)施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計總結與(yu)工(gong)(gong)法制度(du)，擴大技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)積累，加快技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)轉化，使新的技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果在施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計中得到(dao)應(ying)用。

第(di)二，有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)應組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編專人來(lai)編制(zhi)(zhi)，編制(zhi)(zhi)前認(ren)真研(yan)究圖紙，必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)場踏勘和(he)(he)調查研(yan)究，結合(he)(he)招標(biao)文件及(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神，在相關技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員相互(hu)討論后，確(que)定施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案(an)，因為(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)內容，其選(xuan)(xuan)擇決定了施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報價和(he)(he)其他方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容就是(shi)根據(ju)不同(tong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點和(he)(he)要求，根據(ju)現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)可(ke)能創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件，從事實出(chu)發，決定各種(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)要素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)(he)方(fang)式。選(xuan)(xuan)擇合(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)，應根據(ju)多年積累的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)源，同(tong)時借鑒(jian)國內外先進(jin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，運用現(xian)代(dai)科學管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)法并結合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊性(xing)，從技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)及(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟上(shang)互(hu)相比較，從中選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)最合(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案(an)來(lai)編制(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，使(shi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行性(xing)同(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)統一起來(lai)。 第(di)三 、運用系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)念和(he)(he)方(fang)法，加深編制(zhi)(zhi)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)理(li)(li)論基礎和(he)(he)具體施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗(yan)，建(jian)立施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)編制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準。行業(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)部門如能對(dui)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大中型項(xiang)(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)行收集，經(jing)(jing)(jing)過分析和(he)(he)歸納，整(zheng)理(li)(li)并，則(ze)能使(shi)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)更能發揮效益，減(jian)少編制(zhi)(zhi)人員重(zhong)復勞動，而(er)且能推(tui)廣(guang)先進(jin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗(yan)。

第四、加(jia)強對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)批(pi)和監(jian)(jian)督(du)實施(shi)(shi)，這時施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)真正起作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵環(huan)節。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)必(bi)須經過上(shang)一級技術負責(ze)人(ren)審(shen)批(pi)，加(jia)蓋公章，填(tian)寫(xie)審(shen)批(pi)表(biao)。 監(jian)(jian)理（或(huo)建設）單位對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)批(pi)準要嚴(yan)格把(ba)關，對(dui)不符(fu)合要求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)(de)重新編寫(xie)并報批(pi)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)方案，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度計(ji)劃等必(bi)須嚴(yan)格按照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)內容進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位不能擅(shan)自的(de)(de)(de)變更。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)要求調整時，必(bi)須經過監(jian)(jian)理（或(huo)建設）單位的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)意，并辦理變更審(shen)批(pi)手續。

第(di)五、企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)改變施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)由技(ji)術部門包攬(lan)的(de)(de)(de)做法，實行(xing)(xing)誰主管(guan)項(xiang)目(mu)實施，就由誰負責主持(chi)編制(zhi)并執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)方法。使(shi)施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)能較好的(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)于施工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)程。建筑施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)實行(xing)(xing)施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)模塊化(hua)編制(zhi)，更多的(de)(de)(de)運用現代(dai)化(hua)信息技(ji)術，以便(bian)進行(xing)(xing)積累、分(fen)組(zu)(zu)、交流及重復應(ying)用，通過(guo)各個技(ji)術模塊的(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)組(zu)(zu)合，減少無效(xiao)勞動。施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)內容(rong)應(ying)簡明(ming)扼(e)要(yao)，突(tu)出(chu)目(mu)標(biao)，結合企(qi)業(ye)實際(ji)滿足招標(biao)文件的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，要(yao)具有競爭性(xing)，能體現企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)實力(li)和信譽。第(di)六、努(nu)力(li)貫(guan)徹國家質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)和保證體系標(biao)準，走質量(liang)效(xiao)益型(xing)發展道路，建立并完(wan)善科學的(de)(de)(de)、規范的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)保證體系。逐項(xiang)地編制(zhi)質量(liang)保證計(ji)(ji)劃，應(ying)與施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)作同時進行(xing)(xing)，并努(nu)力(li)使(shi)二(er)者有機結合起(qi)來。

當前我國已進入了(le)知識(shi)經濟時代，信息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目中(zhong)(zhong)已起到(dao)越來越大的作用(yong)，建筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業應大力發展與運用(yong)信息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，重視高新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的移植和利用(yong)，拓寬智力資源的傳(chuan)播渠道，全(quan)面改進傳(chuan)統(tong)的編制方(fang)法，使信息在生產力諸要素中(zhong)(zhong)起到(dao)核心的作用(yong)，逐(zhu)步實現施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)信息自動化、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業機器化、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)模塊化和系(xi)統(tong)化，以產生更大的經濟效益(yi)，增強建筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業的競爭(zheng)力，從而(er)使企業能在日益(yi)激烈的競爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)獲得更好的生存環境(jing)。

筆(bi)者相信(xin)通過對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)發展現狀(zhuang)及改進措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)的(de)論述，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業采取有針(zhen)對性(xing)的(de)編寫和實(shi)施(shi)(shi)嚴格的(de)管理(li)，一定能使施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計做到真正的(de)科(ke)學合理(li)、技術先進、費用經濟，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)施(shi)(shi)過程中(zhong)才能發揮更重(zhong)要的(de)作用。

參考文獻：

［1］毛鶴琴．土木工程施工［M］．武(wu)漢:高等(deng)教育出版社，2004．

［2］崔宇(yu)平，李雪華(hua)．淺談施(shi)工組織(zhi)設計與預算(suan)編制(zhi)［J］．新(xin)疆有色金屬(shu)，2000(1):23-24．

篇5

關鍵詞:工程施工 編制 投標 施工組織設計

一、投標(biao)施(shi)工組(zu)織設計在(zai)投標(biao)中的(de)地(di)位和作用

1.1 工程投標施工組織設計是承(cheng)包(bao)商管(guan)理(li)能力、施工組織理(li)念(nian)和施工技術水(shui)平(ping)的具體體現

這是承包商對(dui)(dui)所(suo)(suo)投(tou)標(biao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)特(te)點、自然(ran)條件(jian)和(he)外部環境進(jin)行考察和(he)分析以后，結合(he)自身(shen)的(de)技術(shu)水平、管理(li)(li)能力(li)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)經驗、技術(shu)裝備、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開發(fa)理(li)(li)念和(he)投(tou)標(biao)決策(ce)思(si)想等(deng)實際(ji)情況，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)(dui)所(suo)(suo)投(tou)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案的(de)擬定(ding)、比較、生產要(yao)(yao)素(su)的(de)配置和(he)各種技術(shu)保證措施(shi)(shi)的(de)制定(ding)；對(dui)(dui)實施(shi)(shi)該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在技術(shu)上的(de)可行性(xing)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件(jian)的(de)符合(he)性(xing)等(deng)所(suo)(suo)作出的(de)全(quan)面系(xi)統(tong)的(de)評(ping)價；另(ling)一方面，投(tou)標(biao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織設計也(ye)是承包商為了中(zhong)標(biao)而根據業(ye)主招標(biao)文件(jian)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求和(he)規定(ding)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)做出的(de)科學、合(he)理(li)(li)、系(xi)統(tong)的(de)安(an)排。

1.2 工程(cheng)投標施工組(zu)織(zhi)設計是承包商技術優勢和技術創(chuang)新的載體

投標施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計是承包(bao)商(shang)技術實力和工(gong)程(cheng)管理能(neng)(neng)力的綜合反映(ying)，也是承包(bao)商(shang)對(dui)項目業主(zhu)的關注，對(dui)業主(zhu)招標文件理解程(cheng)度(du)的體現。承包(bao)商(shang)一般(ban)都會在(zai)這(zhe)個“窗口”――投標施工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計向業主(zhu)展(zhan)示自(zi)己所掌(zhang)握的專利技術、專門技術和技術優勢(shi)以(yi)及技術創新能(neng)(neng)力。

1.3 工程投(tou)標(biao)施工組織設計對投(tou)標(biao)報價的作用(yong)和影響

在(zai)投(tou)標書(shu)編制過(guo)程中，投(tou)標報(bao)價是(shi)由(you)承包商按照投(tou)標文件(jian)規定的要(yao)求，結(jie)合(he)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)定額、取費標準(zhun)、材料價格以及(ji)由(you)企業競爭(zheng)策略決定的預(yu)期利潤(run)等編成的。其(qi)合(he)理與否，要(yao)有一(yi)個科(ke)學、先進和(he)切實(shi)可行(xing)的投(tou)標施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計做基礎。在(zai)投(tou)標施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計中，如大型(xing)臨時設施(shi)(shi)和(he)過(guo)渡工(gong)程的項(xiang)目、數量(liang)；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)平(ping)面布置、占地(di)面積、使用(yong)期限(xian)，材料存儲地(di)點(dian)、供應方(fang)式、運(yun)輸(shu)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)運(yun)距，土石(shi)方(fang)調配方(fang)案、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)機械配套模式等，其(qi)在(zai)計劃上(shang)考慮(lv)得(de)詳(xiang)與略，都會對報(bao)價產生重(zhong)要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)，尤其(qi)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案的科(ke)學合(he)理與否，會直接影(ying)響(xiang)到投(tou)標報(bao)價的正確性。

1.4 工(gong)程投標施工(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)是反映承包商綜合能力的依據(ju)

業主通過投標施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計，首先(xian)(xian)可以(yi)考察(cha)(cha)承(cheng)(cheng)包商對(dui)招標文(wen)件提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)各項要求的(de)(de)(de)影響情況(kuang)，如：對(dui)編制深度(du)的(de)(de)(de)要求、對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)、質量的(de)(de)(de)要求等；其(qi)次，考察(cha)(cha)承(cheng)(cheng)包商的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術水平和管理水平，如：采用的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)進程度(du)、創(chuang)新水平、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織水平、質量、安全、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、環境保護的(de)(de)(de)保證能力等。

1.5 工程投標(biao)施工組織設計是競爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)保證和指導合同談判的(de)基礎

隨著招投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)機制的(de)(de)不斷完善，越來越多(duo)的(de)(de)業主(zhu)采用了新(xin)的(de)(de)評標(biao)(biao)辦法(fa)――二(er)次評標(biao)(biao)，即(ji)先(xian)(xian)評技(ji)(ji)術(shu)標(biao)(biao)（投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計），后評商(shang)務標(biao)(biao)。評審時，前(qian)者分數比例可能高達50%～70%；因此，高質量(liang)的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計是(shi)承(cheng)(cheng)包商(shang)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)市場中(zhong)競(jing)爭(zheng)力的(de)(de)保證。中(zhong)標(biao)(biao)前(qian)，業主(zhu)會(hui)對投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計的(de)(de)合理性、先(xian)(xian)進性和可行性進行審核，就有關問題向承(cheng)(cheng)包商(shang)提出質詢(xun)，要求承(cheng)(cheng)包商(shang)予以解釋或(huo)澄清，這種做法(fa)在國際(ji)上通常叫做技(ji)(ji)術(shu)談(tan)判。無論(lun)是(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)談(tan)判，還(huan)是(shi)經(jing)濟(ji)談(tan)判，合同雙方商(shang)討的(de)(de)重點仍然是(shi)對具體的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)、質量(liang)保障措施(shi)、價(jia)格組成(cheng)等。指導承(cheng)(cheng)包商(shang)進行上述談(tan)判的(de)(de)基礎(chu)就是(shi)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計中(zhong)的(de)(de)對應內容。

二(er)、工程投(tou)標施工組織設計的編制內容

2.1 施工總體(ti)部署

施(shi)工(gong)總體部署(shu)包(bao)括：施(shi)工(gong)組織機構的設置，施(shi)工(gong)區段的劃分(fen)，施(shi)工(gong)任務(wu)的安排，生產要素(su)的配置以及施(shi)工(gong)準備工(gong)作計劃等。

2.2 總體施工平面(mian)布置(zhi)

總體施工平面布(bu)置(zhi)表明：工程實施所需的臨時生產(chan)和(he)生活設施，臨時道路(lu)、橋梁、供水(shui)、供電等臨時的布(bu)置(zhi)和(he)占地情況。

2.3 施工方案

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案包(bao)括：施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)程序、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法的(de)選擇(ze)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械的(de)選用(yong)和配套設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)、勞力、主要材料、半成品(pin)的(de)投(tou)入等。

2.4 施(shi)工工期安排(pai)

施工工期安排包(bao)括：總工期，工程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工、竣(jun)工時間(jian)，分(fen)期、分(fen)批實施的工程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)以及重點工程(cheng)(cheng)、關鍵工程(cheng)(cheng)的開(kai)工、竣(jun)工時間(jian)，施工進度計劃圖表及說明。

2.5 各種(zhong)技術組織措(cuo)施

包括保證(zheng)質量、安全、進度(du)的技術(shu)組織措施、環(huan)境保護、文(wen)明施工及冬(dong)季、雨季施工的技術(shu)組織措施等(deng)。

三、工程投標施工組織設計的編制要點

3.1 認真閱讀招標文件、符合和響應(ying)招標要求

通過對招標文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)閱讀和分析(xi)，了解(jie)業主對整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期、質量(liang)、安全的(de)(de)基本(ben)要(yao)(yao)求，領會出可(ke)能存(cun)在的(de)(de)明示和暗示的(de)(de)內容。掌握工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)、工(gong)(gong)點(dian)(dian)分布、筑物類型、施工(gong)(gong)難(nan)易程度(du)以及難(nan)點(dian)(dian)、重點(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)情況。結合(he)工(gong)(gong)程實際，嚴格符合(he)招標文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，避(bi)免(mian)造(zao)成廢標。

3.2 重視現場考察(cha)和招標答(da)疑

現(xian)場(chang)考察和(he)(he)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)答疑是投(tou)標(biao)(biao)期(qi)間一(yi)項重要(yao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)內(nei)容。通過(guo)現(xian)場(chang)考察和(he)(he)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)答疑，了解和(he)(he)掌握(wo)(wo)工(gong)程特(te)點、自(zi)然(ran)特(te)征、施(shi)工(gong)條件、生產要(yao)素的(de)市(shi)場(chang)情況，真實掌握(wo)(wo)業(ye)主的(de)有(you)關意圖、弄清疑難(nan)(nan)問題，抓住主要(yao)矛盾，使投(tou)標(biao)(biao)施(shi)工(gong)組織設計的(de)編制，緊密結(jie)合工(gong)程特(te)點、現(xian)場(chang)實際(ji)情況和(he)(he)業(ye)主的(de)要(yao)求，更加(jia)符合實際(ji)，有(you)針對(dui)(dui)性和(he)(he)可(ke)行性。現(xian)場(chang)考察能加(jia)深對(dui)(dui)設計的(de)理解，能把(ba)握(wo)(wo)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)重點、難(nan)(nan)點，能充分考慮到施(shi)工(gong)環境對(dui)(dui)工(gong)程造價的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)因素，從而對(dui)(dui)正確制定(ding)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)報價起到重要(yao)作(zuo)用。

3.3 確(que)定施(shi)工組織機構(gou)

為了保證工(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目按計(ji)劃(hua)、保質(zhi)保量地順利實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)對承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)擬組(zu)建的(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)機構(gou)要求非常嚴格。因此，確(que)定項(xiang)(xiang)目組(zu)織(zhi)機構(gou)時，要本(ben)著“精(jing)干、高(gao)效、便于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)指揮、協調(diao)和管理”的(de)(de)原則，體(ti)現承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)管理和綜合協調(diao)的(de)(de)能力。承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)要重視(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)負責人、技術負責人、安全負責人以及(ji)其他主(zhu)要專業(ye)(ye)技術人員的(de)(de)配備，除了資格應滿足要求外，更應具有豐富的(de)(de)類似工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)經驗，讓業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)充分了解承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)擬投入(ru)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊伍具有較高(gao)的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)素質(zhi)。完善(shan)的(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)機構(gou)是確(que)保工(gong)程順利實施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)關鍵。

3.4 選(xuan)定施工方(fang)案

施工(gong)方案是(shi)施工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)核心內容，在制定時要(yao)(yao)符合(he)以下要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。一是(shi)科(ke)學合(he)理，切實可(ke)(ke)行，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)上、工(gong)藝上先(xian)進；二是(shi)質量標準要(yao)(yao)符合(he)現行規范和(he)驗(yan)標要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；三是(shi)經濟適度(du)，“勞、材(cai)、機(ji)”配置合(he)理；不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)、不可(ke)(ke)能到位的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員、機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)不要(yao)(yao)考慮，以免造(zao)成違約，影響(xiang)信譽；四是(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)含(han)量高、施工(gong)難(nan)度(du)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)方案，要(yao)(yao)真(zhen)正體現承包商的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、設(she)備(bei)和(he)專業施工(gong)能力等方面的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)。

3.5 合理布(bu)置施工平面

施工平面布置技術性和(he)(he)經濟性很強，涉及用地、環境保護、交(jiao)通、用水(shui)和(he)(he)用電等許多(duo)政策和(he)(he)法(fa)規問題。應按照“統籌規劃(hua)、合理布局(ju)、節(jie)約用地、減少交(jiao)通干擾和(he)(he)環境污染”的要求，結合工程實際情況，進行科學規劃(hua)建設。

3.6 正確制定(ding)工期

項目(mu)工(gong)程建設(she)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)在業(ye)主(zhu)招標文件(jian)中已明(ming)確(que)要求。無論任(ren)何情況(kuang)，承包商都應根據工(gong)程規模(mo)、工(gong)地條件(jian)、施工(gong)方案、自身(shen)實力與經驗，通過與定(ding)額工(gong)期(qi)(qi)或業(ye)主(zhu)要求工(gong)期(qi)(qi)比(bi)較(jiao)，結合(he)投標策(ce)略(lve)，確(que)定(ding)項目(mu)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)。

3.7 制定(ding)可靠的(de)質(zhi)量目標

明確的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量目標(biao)(biao)(biao)與工期目標(biao)(biao)(biao)一樣，往(wang)往(wang)都是(shi)評定和(he)審核(he)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)施工組織設計的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容。保證工程(cheng)質(zhi)量是(shi)工程(cheng)發揮正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)、基本的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用功能的(de)(de)(de)前提，也是(shi)業主追求的(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)。承包(bao)商要(yao)根據近年來工程(cheng)施工的(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)質(zhi)量狀況(kuang)，結(jie)合(he)工程(cheng)特點(dian)制(zhi)定出通(tong)過努力(li)可以實現，并符合(he)招標(biao)(biao)(biao)文件要(yao)求，能使(shi)業主相信的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量目標(biao)(biao)(biao)。

3.8 響應投標(biao)文件(jian)中提出的各種保障措施

招標文(wen)件中業主會明(ming)確指(zhi)出(chu)，要求承包商(shang)制定各種技術保障(zhang)措(cuo)施，如(ru)質量保證(zheng)、技術保證(zheng)和(he)安全保障(zhang)以及文(wen)明(ming)施工要求等。還(huan)應注(zhu)意保障(zhang)交(jiao)通(tong)暢(chang)通(tong)和(he)搞(gao)好民族團結等類似問題。

施(shi)工(gong)組織設計的編(bian)制(zhi)必(bi)須(xu)圍繞施(shi)工(gong)成本(ben)、質(zhi)量、進度、安全等進行(xing)編(bian)制(zhi)，采取合(he)理(li)的施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝、投(tou)入(ru)滿足施(shi)工(gong)需要的人力資源、機械設備等，在滿足施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量、進度、安全的前提下(xia)，充分(fen)考慮工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)成本(ben)。技術與經濟應相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成，達到經濟利益、社會利益最大化(hua)。

四、工程投標(biao)施工組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)的編制策(ce)略

(1)運用系統(tong)的(de)(de)觀(guan)念(nian)和(he)方法，建(jian)立施工(gong)組織設計編(bian)制工(gong)作的(de)(de)標準。行(xing)業管理部(bu)門如能對建(jian)筑工(gong)程的(de)(de)中型項目施工(gong)組織設計進行(xing)收(shou)集，經過(guo)分(fen)析和(he)歸(gui)納(na)，整理并，則能使先進的(de)(de)施工(gong)組織設計更能發揮效益(yi)，減少編(bian)制人員重復勞動，而且能推廣先進經驗。

(2)負責主持編(bian)制并(bing)執行的方法。使施工組織設計能(neng)較好(hao)的服(fu)務于施工項目管(guan)理的全(quan)過程。

(3)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)就是根據(ju)不同工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)特(te)點和要(yao)求，根據(ju)現有的(de)(de)和可能(neng)創造的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件，從事實出發，決定各種生產要(yao)素的(de)(de)結合(he)方(fang)式。選擇合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)的(de)(de)核心，應(ying)根據(ju)多年積累的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術資(zi)源，同時借鑒國(guo)內(nei)外先進施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術，運(yun)用(yong)現代科學管理(li)方(fang)法并(bing)結合(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)特(te)殊性，從技(ji)術及經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang)互相比(bi)較，從中選出最合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)方(fang)案(an)來編制施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)，使技(ji)術上(shang)的(de)(de)可行(xing)性同經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)合(he)理(li)性統一起來。

(4)施工(gong)組織設計內容應簡明扼要，突出目標，結(jie)合企業實(shi)(shi)際滿足招標文(wen)件的(de)需要，要具有競爭性，能體(ti)現企業的(de)實(shi)(shi)力和信譽。

 (5)建(jian)筑施(shi)工企業應(ying)實(shi)行施(shi)工組織設計的模塊化(hua)編制，更多的運用現代化(hua)信息技術，以便進行積累、分(fen)組、交(jiao)流及重復應(ying)用，通過各(ge)個技術模塊的優化(hua)組合(he)，減少無效勞(lao)動。

(6)努(nu)力(li)(li)貫徹國家質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理和保證(zheng)體(ti)系(xi)標準，走質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)效益型發展道(dao)路，建立(li)并完善科學的、規范的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保證(zheng)體(ti)系(xi)。逐項地編制質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保證(zheng)計劃，應與施工組織設計工作同時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)，并努(nu)力(li)(li)使二者有機結合起(qi)來。

建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計必須擴深度和(he)范(fan)圍，對設(she)計圖紙的(de)(de)合理性和(he)經濟性做出評(ping)估，實現(xian)設(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)一體(ti)化。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業要建(jian)立施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計總結與工(gong)法(fa)制度，擴技(ji)術(shu)積(ji)累，加快(kuai)技(ji)術(shu)轉化，使新(xin)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)成果在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計中得到應用。

篇6

在土建(jian)施工(gong)(gong)管理中，施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計是宏(hong)觀性的(de)具有(you)戰(zhan)略部(bu)署指導作用的(de)重(zhong)要環(huan)節，對于(yu)土建(jian)施工(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)的(de)安排，技術方案的(de)選擇，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度計劃以及各種組織(zhi)保障的(de)實施具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)意義。

關鍵詞:

施(shi)工組織設(she)計;施(shi)工管理(li);重要(yao)性

1施工組織設計的原則

(1)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)據土建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)內(nei)容(rong)，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)，地理(li)位置等來進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)概預算(suan)，在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行基建(jian)(jian)(jian)程(cheng)序(xu)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始(shi)終遵循(xun)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)靠，措施得(de)力，確(que)保(bao)(bao)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，例如正式施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)應該先進行平(ping)整(zheng)場地，鋪設(she)管網，修筑道路(lu)等全(quan)(quan)(quan)場性(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)及(ji)可(ke)供施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)永久(jiu)性(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物，然(ran)后再進行各個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。再比如新建(jian)(jian)(jian)雨水溝和雨水管線，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)措施落實到位，確(que)保(bao)(bao)萬無一失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。(2)科學(xue)(xue)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。根(gen)據土建(jian)(jian)(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小及(ji)各項(xiang)管理(li)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，科學(xue)(xue)配置施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素，組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)和設(she)備，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃方(fang)(fang)法制(zhi)定最合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)案。在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計上(shang)科學(xue)(xue)合理(li)地布(bu)局尤為重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，合理(li)規劃辦(ban)公(gong)場所(suo)、生活場所(suo)、作業(ye)(ye)場所(suo)，對于材料堆放和機(ji)械停放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間(jian)布(bu)局要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安排得(de)當，做到加(jia)強領導(dao)，強化管理(li)，優質(zhi)高效。充(chong)分貫徹(che)執(zhi)行質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)針，積(ji)極推廣(guang)和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)新材料、新工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、新技(ji)術(shu)。(3)經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。確(que)保(bao)(bao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)資(zi)金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)材料，確(que)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)、機(ji)、物、財的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)合理(li)配置。對于單個(ge)構(gou)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮空間(jian)順(shun)序(xu)，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)序(xu)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種順(shun)序(xu)考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是時(shi)間(jian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，它必(bi)須做到保(bao)(bao)證質(zhi)量(liang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種之(zhi)間(jian)相互創造(zao)條件(jian)，充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面，緊(jin)密(mi)銜接，避免不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)復工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，加(jia)快施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)速度，縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期。落實季節(jie)性(xing)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施，確(que)保(bao)(bao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)連續施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，節(jie)約基建(jian)(jian)(jian)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)，降(jiang)低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成本(ben)。

2施工(gong)組織設計在(zai)土(tu)建施工(gong)管理中的(de)重要意義(yi)

(1)優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)對于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量目(mu)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義。百(bai)年大(da)(da)(da)計(ji)(ji)，質(zhi)(zhi)量第一(yi)(yi)。優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，從各(ge)方面制定了保(bao)(bao)證土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，從而有(you)效(xiao)預防(fang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)控制影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)因(yin)(yin)素(su)。在(zai)(zai)落實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量方針上(shang)，堅(jian)持構建(jian)(jian)精品工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，實(shi)現(xian)主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)零缺陷(xian)，堅(jian)持科(ke)學(xue)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制度，推(tui)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)精細(xi)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，堅(jian)決(jue)杜絕工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量等(deng)級(ji)事故(gu)，堅(jian)決(jue)杜絕重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)不良(liang)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)事件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)。(2)優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)對于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義。安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)至上(shang)，以人為(wei)(wei)本。優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)，堅(jian)決(jue)杜絕重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)傷(shang)亡(wang)事故(gu)，堅(jian)決(jue)杜絕一(yi)(yi)切人為(wei)(wei)因(yin)(yin)素(su)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意外傷(shang)害(hai)事故(gu)。包括機械(xie)設(she)備安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，消防(fang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，人身(shen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，交(jiao)通安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)，都引起施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視，嚴格執行(xing)技(ji)(ji)術標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)(cheng)，貫(guan)徹落實(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)為(wei)(wei)了生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)必須安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針，并做好施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)督促。(3)優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)對于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)環保(bao)(bao)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義。文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，綠色施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，不僅僅重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視質(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，更重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視對環境(jing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護。貫(guan)徹落實(shi)污染源(yuan)控制達(da)標(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)達(da)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，將(jiang)作(zuo)(zuo)業場所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)、粉塵、噪聲(sheng)等(deng)污染降到最(zui)低，確(que)保(bao)(bao)作(zuo)(zuo)業場所(suo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)辦公(gong)、生(sheng)活場所(suo)衛生(sheng)清潔、整齊有(you)序。(4)優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)對于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)益(yi)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義。節(jie)約(yue)資金，提高(gao)效(xiao)益(yi)。優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，最(zui)終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是實(shi)現(xian)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益(yi)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)化，為(wei)(wei)企業取得(de)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)會效(xiao)益(yi)。在(zai)(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中合理(li)(li)(li)(li)配置人力、物力、財力，隨時(shi)跟蹤資金動向，降低投(tou)資風(feng)險，嚴格審核各(ge)項(xiang)費用(yong)支出(chu)，采取有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)挖掘技(ji)(ji)術領域(yu)一(yi)(yi)切可(ke)節(jie)約(yue)投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節(jie)，提升管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)益(yi)。(5)優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)對于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期目(mu)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義。合理(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)排，確(que)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期。優(you)(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，是土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期目(mu)標(biao)(biao)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提。由(you)于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業周期長、露天作(zuo)(zuo)業多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，因(yin)(yin)此受季(ji)節(jie)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)候環境(jing)因(yin)(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)進度時(shi)，充分考慮到各(ge)種(zhong)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)，將(jiang)受季(ji)節(jie)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)安(an)排在(zai)(zai)有(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天氣(qi)進行(xing)，將(jiang)受天氣(qi)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)安(an)排在(zai)(zai)雨季(ji)或冬季(ji)進行(xing)，只(zhi)有(you)這樣精心組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，科(ke)學(xue)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，才能確(que)保(bao)(bao)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)按期完(wan)(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

3施工組織設計應注意幾點事項(xiang)

(1)重視(shi)(shi)管理創(chuang)新(xin)和技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)，積極(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國內外(wai)先進的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)，要重視(shi)(shi)管理創(chuang)新(xin)和技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)，在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案時(shi)(shi)，注(zhu)意根據土建(jian)項目(mu)的(de)(de)地區條(tiao)件，合(he)理選擇(ze)方案，提高機械(xie)(xie)化(hua)作(zuo)業程度(du)，在選擇(ze)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能連(lian)續(xu)作(zuo)業的(de)(de)機械(xie)(xie)，減(jian)少臺班(ban)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，提高勞動生產率。同時(shi)(shi)，要積極(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國內外(wai)先進的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術，改善工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量，加快施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)，為(wei)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)推行創(chuang)造(zao)有利(li)條(tiao)件。(2)合(he)理安排(pai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序，提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)性(xing)和均衡性(xing)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)，要合(he)理安排(pai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序，運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)息化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術，提高解(jie)決(jue)實際(ji)問題的(de)(de)能力(li)，對土建(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理中出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)一些問題和矛(mao)盾，要及時(shi)(shi)進行有效(xiao)分析，并(bing)提出相應(ying)的(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)方案，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)性(xing)和均衡性(xing)，不(bu)可因出現(xian)(xian)一些問題而怠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，延誤工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期。(3)提倡文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，綠(lv)色施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，重視(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)，合(he)理利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和優(you)化(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)配置，盡可能減(jian)少對資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)消耗和浪費，做到因地制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜，最(zui)大限度(du)地利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)本地材料和資(zi)源(yuan)，注(zhu)意對可再生能源(yuan)和清潔能源(yuan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，提倡文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和綠(lv)色施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，減(jian)少建(jian)筑垃圾的(de)(de)排(pai)放，及時(shi)(shi)清運建(jian)筑垃圾，將揚塵、噪聲(sheng)以及污(wu)水的(de)(de)排(pai)放降到最(zui)低，使(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中的(de)(de)各(ge)項目(mu)標(biao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得以實現(xian)(xian)。

4總結

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計在土建施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理中占有(you)非常重要(yao)的(de)位置，完善的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計，能(neng)(neng)夠提(ti)(ti)高機械化和(he)智能(neng)(neng)化程(cheng)度，降低勞(lao)動(dong)強(qiang)度，提(ti)(ti)高經濟(ji)效益(yi)，確保施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)的(de)質量安全可(ke)靠(kao)，也為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)順利實施(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了有(you)效保障。同時，優秀的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計，還能(neng)(neng)夠提(ti)(ti)高人(ren)們的(de)環保意(yi)識，節約能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，減(jian)少能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)，創(chuang)造更(geng)多潛在的(de)社(she)會效益(yi)，是值(zhi)得(de)大(da)力推(tui)廣和(he)提(ti)(ti)倡的(de)。

參考文獻

［1］邱司水，付(fu)裕．論施工組織設計在施工管理(li)中的重要性［J］．中國房地產業，2015(Z2)．

［2］蔡碩．論(lun)安全管理在土建施工現(xian)場管理中的重要性［J］．科技致富向(xiang)導，2014(20)．

篇7

關鍵詞(ci)：民用建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)設計

中圖(tu)分(fen)類號：TU24文獻標識碼： A 文章編號：

一、 施工組織設計的含義

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計是(shi)指導(dao)擬(ni)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)投標、簽訂承包合同、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備(bei)和(he)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)實施(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)局性的(de)(de)(de)技術、經濟文件(jian)(jian)，是(shi)指導(dao)現(xian)(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)綱(gang)領性文件(jian)(jian)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設計是(shi)對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動實行科學管理的(de)(de)(de)重要手段，它具有戰(zhan)略部署和(he)戰(zhan)術安排的(de)(de)(de)雙重作(zuo)用。它體現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)實現(xian)(xian)基(ji)本建設計劃和(he)設計的(de)(de)(de)要求，提供了(le)(le)各階段的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內容，協調(diao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位、各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種、各項(xiang)資源之間的(de)(de)(de)相互關(guan)系。

二、施工組織設計的(de)種類

根據(ju)建筑工程施(shi)(shi)工組織設(she)計(ji)編制階段和對象的不同(tong)，施(shi)(shi)工組織設(she)計(ji)可分為兩大類：

1．投標施工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(標前(qian)施工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計)。

2．實施(shi)(shi)性施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)(標后施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)(ji))。實施(shi)(shi)性施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)可進一步分為(wei)：施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)總設計(ji)(ji)；單(dan)位工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)；專業工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)。

三、施工組(zu)織(zhi)設計的編制原(yuan)則

1．施工組織設計應具有(you)前瞻性，應與(yu)城(cheng)鎮的(de)發展(zhan)相協調。

2．嚴(yan)格遵守國家、地方(fang)政府的法律法規，重點保護自然環境和人文景觀，保障人民的生命安全，以人為本，穩(wen)定(ding)中求(qiu)發(fa)展。

 3．充分考慮當地的(de)經濟(ji)實力狀況(kuang)，充分利用當地有利的(de)地理環境資源(yuan)、勞(lao)動力資源(yuan)等優勢(shi)進行(xing)施工組織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)策劃。

4．嚴格遵(zun)守(shou)工(gong)期定額和合同規定的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)及交付使(shi)用期限。

5．做好現(xian)場工程技(ji)術資料的調查(cha)工作。

6．合理策劃施工(gong)程序和順(shun)序，土建施工(gong)與機電(dian)安裝(zhuang)施工(gong)應密(mi)切搭接配合。

7．合理采用先進的(de)施(shi)工技術，進一(yi)步加強建筑新技術的(de)推廣和應用。

8．合(he)理安排(pai)好特殊(shu)時(shi)期的施(shi)工(gong)項(xiang)目。如(ru)冬雨期的施(shi)工(gong)、三防水利工(gong)程的施(shi)工(gong)、農忙季節的勞動力調配；等等。

四、施工組(zu)織設(she)計的編制內(nei)容(rong)

施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)一般包括(kuo)四項基本(ben)內容：①施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法與(yu)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術組織(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，即施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案。②施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃。③施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場平面布(bu)置。④有關勞力,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)機具,建(jian)筑(zhu)安裝材料，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)用水(shui)、電、動力及運(yun)輸、倉儲設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)量及其供應(ying)與(yu)解決辦法。前兩項指導(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，后兩項則是施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)(ju)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁簡，一般要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)模大小、結構特(te)(te)點(dian)、技術復(fu)雜(za)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同而定，以(yi)滿足不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際需要(yao)。復(fu)雜(za)和特(te)(te)殊工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)需較為(wei)詳(xiang)盡，小型建(jian)設(she)項目或具有較豐富施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則可較為(wei)簡略。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)總(zong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是為(wei)解決整個建(jian)設(she)項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全局問題的(de)(de)(de)(de),要(yao)求簡明(ming)扼要(yao),重(zhong)點(dian)突出，要(yao)安排好(hao)主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、輔助工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和公用工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互銜(xian)接和配套。單(dan)位工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是為(wei)具體(ti)指導(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)具體(ti)明(ming)確，要(yao)解決好(hao)各工(gong)(gong)序、各工(gong)(gong)種之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接配合，合理(li)組織(zhi)(zhi)平行流(liu)水(shui)和交叉作業，以(yi)提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件發(fa)生變化時(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)須(xu)及時(shi)修(xiu)改和補充，以(yi)便繼續執行。本(ben)文根(gen)據(ju)(ju)需要(yao)，從投(tou)標施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)兩方面加(jia)以(yi)說明(ming)。

1．投標施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計(標前施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計)的編制(zhi)內容

投(tou)標施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)重點是針對招(zhao)標文件的(de)要求，有目(mu)的(de)地優選施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案，最大限度(du)地滿足招(zhao)標方的(de)合理需(xu)求。投(tou)標施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)主要內容(rong)有：工(gong)(gong)程概(gai)況、特點；編制依(yi)據；編制范圍；項H管理架(jia)構；工(gong)(gong)期計(ji)劃；施(shi)(shi)(shi)丁部署(shu)；施(shi)(shi)(shi)上方案；質(zhi)量(liang)、安全、文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(環(huan)保)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)；工(gong)(gong)期控制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)；需(xu)要說(shuo)明的(de)問(wen)題等。

2．實施(shi)性(xing)施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設計(中標后施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織沒(mei)計)的編制內容

(1)施工組織總設計的編制(zhi)內容(rong)

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織總(zong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)以整個建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)或若干個單項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)為(wei)編寫對(dui)(dui)象，是(shi)對(dui)(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的綜(zong)合性策(ce)劃(hua)文件，其(qi)內容應包(bao)括(kuo)：丁程(cheng)概況；特點分析：包(bao)括(kuo)建設(she)項(xiang)日概況、建設(she)所(suo)在地的自然(ran)環境條件、技術經濟條件等(deng)；項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理架構；總(zong)體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)部署(shu)和策(ce)劃(hua)；主要施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案；勞動力計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)；材料(liao)汁(zhi)劃(hua)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械設(she)備計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)總(zong)進度計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)總(zong)平面布置圖(tu)；為(wei)了(le)確(que)保(bao)某些目(mu)標的施(shi)上措施(shi)。

(2)單位(wei)工程施工組織(zhi)設計的編制內(nei)容(rong)

1)工程概況

包(bao)括：工(gong)程名稱(cheng)、工(gong)程地址；建設(投資)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位、設計單(dan)(dan)(dan)位、監理單(dan)(dan)(dan)位、質量監督單(dan)(dan)(dan)位、施(shi)工(gong)總承包(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位、主要分包(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(含大(da)型機電設備、大(da)宗材料訂購)；設汁概況；建設所在地的(de)自然環(huan)境條件、技術經濟條件；合同(tong)要求；施(shi)工(gong)條件。

2)施工部署

包括：項目管理架構；施(shi)工(gong)部署和策劃；施(shi)工(gong)總進度計劃；承總包組織(zhi)協調；主(zhu)要施(shi)工(gong)目標的控制等(deng)。

3)施工準備

4)主要施工方案

包括：主(zhu)要施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理(li)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；技術(shu)管理(li)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；質量(liang)保證(zheng)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；安全保證(zheng)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；文(wen)明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)、環境保護(hu)保證(zheng)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；消防保證(zheng)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；雨期施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；工(gong)期保證(zheng)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；成品保護(hu)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)；成本控(kong)制措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)等。

(3)專業工程施工組織設計的注意事項

對人工(gong)(gong)(gong)挖孔樁施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、邊(bian)坡及(ji)基坑(keng)支(zhi)護施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、大(da)型(xing)上(shang)方開挖施(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)、高支(zhi)模施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、大(da)型(xing)鋼結構施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、特(te)種結構施(shi)(shi)(shi)丁(ding)、腳丁(ding)架施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、拆除和爆破(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，以及(ji)建設主管(guan)部門規(gui)定的其他危(wei)險性(xing)較(jiao)大(da)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程等均應(ying)嚴格按(an)照國家和地方有關法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)、規(gui)范規(gui)程、建設文件的要求進行組織設計。

對涉及深(shen)基坑支(zhi)護、地(di)下暗挖(wa)工程、高大腳手架支(zhi)撐體系的專項(xiang)施工方案(an)，還應當組織(zhi)專家進行(xing)論證、審(shen)查。

要大力推廣新型(xing)環保(bao)節(jie)能(neng)的建筑材料(liao)，嚴(yan)禁破壞城鎮的生態(tai)資源，要加強建筑材料(liao)中有害物質(zhi)含量的控制。

工程項目(mu)要(yao)做到(dao)施工過程安全，使用過程更安全。

五、施工組(zu)織設計的(de)審批

施工組織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)審批，原則上應(ying)充分考慮城(cheng)鎮的(de)經濟實(shi)力狀況，充分利用當地有利的(de)地理環(huan)境資源(yuan)、勞動力資源(yuan)，應(ying)具有前瞻性(xing)，注意環(huan)保，以人為本(ben)，應(ying)與城(cheng)鎮的(de)未來發展協調一致。

對不(bu)同(tong)層次的施工組織(zhi)設計(ji)應制定相關的審批程序(xu)，做到組織(zhi)設計(ji)科學合理(li)、審批程序(xu)嚴謹高效(xiao)。

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篇8

【關(guan)鍵詞】裝(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)修(xiu)；建(jian)筑施工(gong)；組織(zhi)研(yan)究；設計

[Abstract] This paper mainly explains the importance of the construction organization design and the modern building decoration engineering of the whole project as well as analyses the present situation and characteristics of the construction organization design of Building Decoration Engineering. It also emphasis on the standard of construction organization design decoration engineering design and is related organization innovation. It plays an important role for high efficiency and beauty of China's building decoration engineering construction play.

[keyword] decoration; construction organization design; research;

中(zhong)國分類號：TU71 文獻標(biao)識碼：A 文章標(biao)號：2095-2104（2012）03-0001-02

隨著(zhu)我國社(she)會經(jing)濟的(de)(de)快速發展和(he)(he)人們生活水平(ping)的(de)(de)提高，建筑裝飾(shi)(shi)裝修行業(ye)也取(qu)得了(le)(le)長足的(de)(de)進步(bu)，裝飾(shi)(shi)裝修施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)的(de)(de)經(jing)營管理和(he)(he)科學技術水平(ping)不斷的(de)(de)提高，建筑裝飾(shi)(shi)裝修市場的(de)(de)競(jing)爭日常激烈。為(wei)了(le)(le)能夠(gou)在激烈的(de)(de)競(jing)爭中占有一(yi)席之地，各個裝飾(shi)(shi)公(gong)司不斷的(de)(de)編(bian)制施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)的(de)(de)新方案，快速提高了(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)編(bian)制工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)水平(ping)，極(ji)大的(de)(de)促進了(le)(le)我國建筑裝飾(shi)(shi)裝修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)設計(ji)標準和(he)(he)質量。

我國建筑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工(gong)程施工(gong)組織設計的現(xian)狀

隨著社會主義市場經濟的(de)(de)(de)建立和(he)(he)快速發展(zhan)，使我(wo)(wo)姑的(de)(de)(de)招投標制(zhi)度也不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)完善，建筑(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)可(ke)以分(fen)為標前的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)標后的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)兩部分(fen)。在工程(cheng)投標的(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段，因為對(dui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)評分(fen)僅僅依靠(kao)專家和(he)(he)評審員在較(jiao)短的(de)(de)(de)時間對(dui)其優缺點進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析、歸納和(he)(he)總結(jie)。所以為了能夠擁有(you)(you)一(yi)個好的(de)(de)(de)“第一(yi)印象(xiang)”，投標企業刻意設(she)計(ji)(ji)華(hua)麗的(de)(de)(de)外表(biao)，提(ti)高可(ke)欣賞性，但是在實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)中，卻(que)沒有(you)(you)任(ren)何的(de)(de)(de)針對(dui)性和(he)(he)指導性，內容(rong)單一(yi)，不(bu)充實(shi)，組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)層次混亂，邏輯性較(jiao)差，特別是在裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)難點和(he)(he)關鍵點上(shang)(shang)，都沒有(you)(you)提(ti)出具有(you)(you)針對(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工要點。因此(ci)在我(wo)(wo)國現階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)，還存(cun)在很多的(de)(de)(de)“華(hua)而不(bu)實(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面工程(cheng)，這嚴重影響(xiang)了我(wo)(wo)國建筑(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修行(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)有(you)(you)序競爭。

我國(guo)建筑裝飾(shi)裝修(xiu)工程施工組(zu)織設計的特點

2.1 機械(xie)設備較少

在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾裝修(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)組織過(guo)程(cheng)中，由于所使(shi)用的大型設(she)備較少，小(xiao)型的機具(ju)(ju)設(she)備較多，尤其是氣(qi)動工(gong)具(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)電(dian)動工(gong)具(ju)(ju)繁(fan)多，不(bu)便(bian)于統計和(he)(he)使(shi)用。隨著我國科學(xue)技術的進步和(he)(he)發展，各種(zhong)新(xin)技術、新(xin)工(gong)藝層出不(bu)窮(qiong)，在(zai)現代建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾裝修(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中更多的采用新(xin)設(she)備、新(xin)工(gong)藝和(he)(he)新(xin)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)以滿足(zu)施工(gong)的要求。

2.2 建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾(shi)裝修工(gong)程施工(gong)工(gong)期較短

和土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)相比(bi)，建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾裝修工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期比(bi)較短，材料(liao)的(de)品(pin)種較多，規格(ge)多，工(gong)(gong)種多。所(suo)以(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)中的(de)項目擬訂性(xing)就顯得尤為重(zhong)要了，與(yu)此同時(shi)，對(dui)于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)的(de)精確性(xing)的(de)要求也不(bu)斷的(de)提(ti)高。

2.3 半成品(pin)、成品(pin)保護的工(gong)作(zuo)量加大

在建筑裝飾裝修工(gong)程施工(gong)組織設計中，施工(gong)單(dan)位要(yao)建立對(dui)(dui)裝飾成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)和(he)半成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)的保護措施，尤其是對(dui)(dui)防火、防潮、放損(sun)壞等各(ge)個方面，并且要(yao)對(dui)(dui)其相應的成(cheng)(cheng)本費用進(jin)行考慮。

我(wo)國(guo)建筑裝飾(shi)裝修工程施(shi)工組織設計的(de)種類(lei)

按(an)照我國建筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的規模、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)特點(dian)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)內容以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術的實施(shi)(shi)等因素(su)綜合考慮，編制不同程(cheng)(cheng)度標準的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計。對于建筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)的設計，一般(ban)可以分為單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計和分部、建設項(xiang)目建筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計，以及(ji)分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業等。

3.1建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計的(de)內容是一個(ge)(ge)建(jian)筑的(de)群體(ti)。例如對于一個(ge)(ge)大(da)型的(de)體(ti)育館的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)包含了游(you)泳(yong)館、籃球場、排(pai)球場、跑道(dao)等(deng)，在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，就(jiu)要(yao)有現代的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)風格(ge)，也要(yao)有仿(fang)古(gu)的(de)設計因素對于該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)需要(yao)編制建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)組織(zhi)的(de)設計。

3.2 企(qi)事業單位工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)筑裝飾裝修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計的對(dui)象是(shi)對(dui)一個具體(ti)建(jian)筑物或(huo)者是(shi)某個建(jian)筑物中的一個施工(gong)(gong)標段。施工(gong)(gong)項目具有相(xiang)對(dui)性(xing)和獨立性(xing)，但是(shi)在施工(gong)(gong)的各(ge)項工(gong)(gong)作安、人員組織(zhi)上都要(yao)服從建(jian)設(she)項目建(jian)筑裝飾裝修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)的設(she)計。

3.3分(fen)(fen)部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)，是對(dui)(dui)單位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實行的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)為細致和完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)。只有(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)大(da)型的(de)(de)(de)復雜項目進(jin)行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才需(xu)要(yao)編制(zhi)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業而言，其本身也(ye)是一個完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)系統施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，具(ju)有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)獨立性(xing)，但(dan)是又(you)受到(dao)單位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)及項目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總(zong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)師條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)樣具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，即便規模較小，技(ji)術簡單，但(dan)是如果(guo)其具(ju)有(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術含(han)量(liang)和技(ji)術攻關(guan)，同樣需(xu)要(yao)編制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)。

四、我(wo)國建(jian)筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修工程施工組(zu)織設計的編制

4.1按照(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)以及相(xiang)關資料的分(fen)析，對建筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的空(kong)間(jian)和各(ge)個分(fen)項定制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程表，對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目進行全面的分(fen)析，重點(dian)歸納重難(nan)點(dian)，以確定對項目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的部(bu)署和對項目施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中重點(dian)難(nan)點(dian)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)。

4.2根(gen)據項目部門(men)對建筑施工(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)工(gong)作量的(de)清單(dan)核(he)算(suan)，套用(yong)定額(e)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)算(suan)。根(gen)據施工(gong)工(gong)期的(de)要求(qiu)對施工(gong)勞動力(li)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)規劃(hua)、對于(yu)施工(gong)的(de)材料、設備的(de)使用(yong)、施工(gong)的(de)進(jin)度等進(jin)行(xing)(xing)計劃(hua)。

4.3按(an)照(zhao)建筑工(gong)程施工(gong)管理部門的(de)要求，對施工(gong)過程中(zhong)的(de)各個項(xiang)目負(fu)責人的(de)組成進行(xing)落實(shi)，并且認(ren)真的(de)核實(shi)分(fen)析(xi)項(xiang)目負(fu)責人的(de)管理能力和(he)專業技(ji)能水平。

4.4根(gen)據(ju)建筑項目(mu)(mu)裝(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)修(xiu)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)招標要求的(de)(de)格式(shi)和順序(xu)編(bian)制技術標，設(she)(she)(she)計文件(jian)；設(she)(she)(she)計好(hao)項目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)布置圖設(she)(she)(she)計；最后做好(hao)的(de)(de)文件(jian)編(bian)制報(bao)請(qing)相關(guan)領導神品(pin)。

五、我國裝(zhuang)飾(shi)裝(zhuang)修工程(cheng)施工組織設計的技術創(chuang)新

建(jian)筑裝飾裝修施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計的技術(shu)創(chuang)新是(shi)提高工(gong)(gong)程質量，降(jiang)低施(shi)工(gong)(gong)綜合成本，縮短施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期，減輕勞(lao)動(dong)強(qiang)度，增強(qiang)企(qi)業市場(chang)競爭力的重要推力，但是(shi)建(jian)筑裝飾行業中的技術(shu)創(chuang)新具有一定(ding)的風險性，要針對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目的具體特(te)點進行探究，以(yi)達到(dao)科學合理的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)目標。

在(zai)(zai)對酒店、賓館的(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)裝修過(guo)程中，傳統的(de)(de)(de)飾(shi)面板(ban)容(rong)易(yi)出現釘眼和修補的(de)(de)(de)痕跡(ji)，這嚴重影響了墻體的(de)(de)(de)美觀，所(suo)以可(ke)以采用(yong)飾(shi)面板(ban)掛(gua)板(ban)技術，首先在(zai)(zai)按(an)(an)照實(shi)際要求，定制面板(ban)，工(gong)廠制作完成后，對其(qi)編制編號，然后運送到施工(gong)現場(chang)對其(qi)花紋色澤、平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)以及(ji)陰陽角(jiao)進行驗(yan)收，按(an)(an)照面板(ban)尺寸把(ba)固定龍骨，用(yong)掛(gua)件(jian)把(ba)面板(ban)按(an)(an)照序號進行固定，對其(qi)平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)進行檢查。以保(bao)證工(gong)廠生產的(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)符(fu)合(he)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準、模數(shu)(shu)，并且和建(jian)筑以及(ji)其(qi)他裝飾(shi)部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準模數(shu)(shu)相(xiang)互匹配。

六、總結

建筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)的(de)目的(de)是為了(le)指(zhi)導建筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)專修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)技術管理、組織(zhi)形式的(de)綜合性的(de)文件。對此文件進行合理化和科學化的(de)編制對于(yu)我國建筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)順利(li)施(shi)工(gong)具(ju)有關鍵(jian)性的(de)作用。因此，只有不斷的(de)對我國現行的(de)建筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)重難點(dian)進行分析，找出解決措施(shi)，不斷的(de)完(wan)善建筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)技術創新和管理創新，提(ti)高我國建筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)行業的(de)蓬勃發展。

參考文獻：

[1]張書靜，建(jian)筑裝修新趨(qu)勢[J]，中國房(fang)地產信息，2004（04）：78-80

篇9

    關鍵詞(ci):施(shi)工組織;工程(cheng)項目管(guan)理;建筑施(shi)工;成本控制(zhi)

    如此多的(de)(de)工程建(jian)設需(xu)要進行,對(dui)廣大(da)施(shi)工企業(ye)而言,面(mian)臨著(zhu)巨大(da)的(de)(de)機遇和(he)挑戰。建(jian)筑施(shi)工企業(ye)必須完善自(zi)身機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)縮小施(shi)工成本,以提(ti)(ti)高企業(ye)效益,提(ti)(ti)升自(zi)身的(de)(de)競(jing)爭力。而施(shi)工組(zu)(zu)(zu)織管(guan)理就是其中重要的(de)(de)一個方面(mian)。需(xu)要對(dui)施(shi)工過程中的(de)(de)各種(zhong)資源,包括人(ren)力、物力和(he)財(cai)力等等按(an)照施(shi)工技術規律(lv)與(yu)施(shi)工組(zu)(zu)(zu)織規律(lv),同(tong)時滿足(zu)設計(ji)文件的(de)(de)要求,在(zai)時間上(shang)按(an)照先后順序,在(zai)空間上(shang)按(an)照一定的(de)(de)位置,在(zai)數量上(shang)按(an)照不同(tong)比例,將各種(zhong)資源合理的(de)(de)科學的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織起來,并且統一指揮勞動者的(de)(de)活(huo)動,對(dui)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設項目的(de)(de)成本,提(ti)(ti)高企業(ye)效益具有重要的(de)(de)意義(yi)。

    1施工組織(zhi)的(de)概念

    施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)是(shi)以一(yi)個建設(she)(she)項目或建筑群為(wei)對(dui)象,規(gui)(gui)劃其施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)項活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)技術、經濟全局性和(he)控(kong)制性文件。它是(shi)針對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性,用系統的(de)(de)(de)思想并遵循技術經濟規(gui)(gui)律,對(dui)擬(ni)(ni)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)階段、各(ge)環節以及所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)資(zi)源進行統籌(chou)安排(pai)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃管理(li)行為(wei)。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)組織(zhi)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)完成如(ru)下的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些方面,(1)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件設(she)(she)計(ji)(2)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)總設(she)(she)計(ji),即確(que)定擬(ni)(ni)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期限、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序、主要(yao)(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法、各(ge)種(zhong)臨時設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)量、現(xian)場總布置方案等(3)單位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)。即在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)總設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)總的(de)(de)(de)部署的(de)(de)(de)指導下,具體安排(pai)人力、物力和(he)建筑安裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)進行。

    2施工組(zu)織在成本控(kong)制中的(de)重要性

    施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本控(kong)制的(de)(de)根本目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de),在于通過成(cheng)本管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)各種手段,促(cu)進不斷(duan)降低(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本,以(yi)達(da)到可能實現最(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標成(cheng)本的(de)(de)要(yao)求。在這(zhe)個過程中,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)就是一個重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)方面。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)應該遵循一般的(de)(de)原則,對此為了發揮施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)經濟效益,加強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本管(guan)(guan)理,同時(shi)具有良好的(de)(de)社會效益。

    成(cheng)本管(guan)(guan)理(li)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織同屬(shu)于項目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)范疇,在(zai)制(zhi)定施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設計和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案時,必須要使成(cheng)本在(zai)合理(li)的(de)范圍(wei)內(nei)。實際工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中如果缺乏施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設計經(jing)常會導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)決(jue)算的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)糾(jiu)紛(fen)問題。或者有(you)些雖(sui)然有(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設計流(liu)于形式或者雖(sui)有(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設計,但對其中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案和技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)未進(jin)行(xing)嚴格審查、監督,同樣也會引(yin)起經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)糾(jiu)紛(fen)。在(zai)投資(zi)來源發生(sheng)變化和社會主義市場經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)激烈競爭中,施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設計不(bu)僅是組(zu)(zu)織施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、指導生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)文件,而且是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)重(zhong)要內(nei)容。因此,應重(zhong)視(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設計的(de)編制(zhi)、審查工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

    3通過有效施工組織加強成本控制

   ; 3.1做好前(qian)期的施工(gong)預案工(gong)作

    隨著建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)向地(di)下深層(ceng)和地(di)上高(gao)層(ceng)發展已成(cheng)(cheng)定勢,所承建(jian)(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)高(gao)、大、難、急、險,己成(cheng)(cheng)為特征。施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計是做好施(shi)工(gong)準備(bei)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定條件(jian)。施(shi)工(gong)準備(bei)工(gong)作包括施(shi)工(gong)技術準備(bei)、施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場準備(bei)、組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立、施(shi)工(gong)物資的(de)(de)(de)(de)準備(bei)、生(sheng)產設備(bei)準備(bei)等各(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容對成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)都(dou)有影響。管理組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)立,各(ge)作業班組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)準備(bei),主要人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)職責分(fen)配等等無一(yi)(yi)不在(zai)一(yi)(yi)開始(shi)就決定了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)敗。由于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)費用涉(she)及項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)部門、班組(zu)(zu)(zu),只(zhi)有項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)權、責、利(li)明(ming)確,項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)才能實現(xian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。

    3.2具體(ti)的施(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)方(fang)案制定(ding)

    施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)不僅是(shi)成本(ben)控制方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)要求(qiu),更是(shi)質(zhi)量方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)保證。只有應用(yong)合理的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)與工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流程(cheng),兼顧工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)性和經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)合理性,才能在(zai)質(zhi)量、成本(ben)、安全上達到較好的(de)(de)平衡,具體內(nei)容有:(1)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)優化。通(tong)常為先(xian)地下,后(hou)(hou)地上;先(xian)主(zhu)體,后(hou)(hou)圍護;先(xian)結(jie)構,后(hou)(hou)裝飾;先(xian)土建,后(hou)(hou)設備(bei)(bei)。(2)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)的(de)(de)擬定。如一般順序(xu)是(shi):挖土-底-釬探(tan)-驗槽-混凝(ning)土墊層-砌磚基(ji)礎(chu)-基(ji)礎(chu)圈梁(liang)等。(3)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)分析。這(zhe)要求(qiu)在(zai)技術(shu)可行性、經(jing)濟(ji)合理性、質(zhi)量工(gong)(gong)期通(tong)盤考慮的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上進(jin)(jin)行。(4)設備(bei)(bei)選擇。建筑使用(yong)設備(bei)(bei)應結(jie)合實(shi)際情況,從工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規模、進(jin)(jin)度計劃、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)等來(lai)進(jin)(jin)行。既考慮業(ye)主(zhu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)利益(yi),也考慮本(ben)企業(ye)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)利益(yi),真正(zheng)使項(xiang)目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)達到高質(zhi)、低耗。

    3.3施工(gong)過程中的平面布置方法

    施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場平面(mian)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)圖是是施(shi)工(gong)組織設計的(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部分,它是根據實測的(de)(de)地形(xing)圖,以(yi)及(ji)主要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)方案、垂直(zhi)與水平運輸措施(shi),水、電源(yuan)位置(zhi)及(ji)交通道路等情況,全(quan)面(mian)綜(zong)合考慮加以(yi)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)。平面(mian)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)合理與否,直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)成本控制里的(de)(de)材(cai)料、設備等各(ge)種因(yin)素(su),而且起對(dui)安全(quan)與質量的(de)(de)直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang),反過來又涉及(ji)到了(le)成本的(de)(de)風險。所以(yi)必須(xu)明確起重機械的(de)(de)位置(zhi),確定攪拌站、加工(gong)棚、倉庫、材(cai)料及(ji)構件堆場的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸和位置(zhi),布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)運輸道路,布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)臨(lin)時設施(shi),布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)水電管線,布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)安全(quan)消防設施(shi),最后(hou)調整優化(hua)。

    3.4加強管理(li)的控制

    主要技術(shu)以及管理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)包括:保證(zheng)質量措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、保證(zheng)安全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、環境保護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、材料節約(yue)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)等(deng)等(deng)。采用不(bu)同(tong)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)能夠使得施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目的(de)成本(ben)發生非常大(da)變(bian)化。例如安全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)中(zhong)要求,在建工(gong)程外側采用密目安全(quan)網,這可以防止高處(chu)墜落及物體打(da)擊(ji)等(deng)事(shi)故,雖然發生了(le)安全(quan)控制成本(ben),卻減少了(le)安全(quan)事(shi)故帶來(lai)的(de)更大(da)的(de)成本(ben)支出。

    3.5主要負(fu)責任人(ren)應該明(ming)確責任

    項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)作為項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)成本(ben)管理(li)主(zhu)要負責(ze)人,必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)及時掌握和分(fen)析盈虧狀況,并迅速采取(qu)有(you)(you)效措施(shi);經濟負責(ze)部門(men)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)想法設法進行(xing)有(you)(you)效的合同預(yu)算(suan)管理(li),增創工(gong)(gong)(gong)程預(yu)算(suan)收(shou)入;財(cai)務(wu)部主(zhu)管工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的財(cai)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)通過(guo)分(fen)析財(cai)務(wu)收(shou)支進行(xing)資金的有(you)(you)效調度,總而言(yan)之所有(you)(you)的項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)組織(zhi)成員都(dou)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)把成本(ben)控制牢牢印入腦海(hai)中(zhong),在整(zheng)個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)過(guo)程中(zhong)精心組織(zhi),為增收(shou)節(jie)支盡責(ze)盡職。

    4總結

    影響施(shi)(shi)工項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素是(shi)多方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)。施(shi)(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)及確定對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)影響尤為顯著,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)涉及了項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)方(fang)面。需要優(you)化設計(ji),根據(ju)合同工期目(mu)(mu)標、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)部所(suo)能利用的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan),合理安排(pai)進(jin)度計(ji)劃;資源(yuan)使(shi)用計(ji)劃。使(shi)各(ge)種資源(yuan)既不浪費,也(ye)不斷檔、充分有效。要考慮到必(bi)須的(de)(de)(de)安全投入(ru)費用、質量保證措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和成(cheng)本(ben)控制措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。在(zai)實施(shi)(shi)過程中,定期比較分析(xi),找出偏(pian)差(cha),及時糾(jiu)偏(pian)。保證合同目(mu)(mu)標和項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本(ben)目(mu)(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)圓滿完成(cheng)。必(bi)須對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工組織(zhi)加以重視,同時將成(cheng)本(ben)控制的(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)灌(guan)輸進(jin)去,降(jiang)低建設成(cheng)本(ben),提(ti)高企業的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益。

    參考文獻:

篇10

[關鍵(jian)詞]水利工程施(shi)工； 組織(zhi)設計； 組織(zhi)規范； 施(shi)工進(jin)度；

中圖分(fen)類(lei)號：TV512 文獻標識碼：A 文章編(bian)號：1009-914X（2015）03-0394-01

一、前言

在水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)過程中，施工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)設計規范設計到整個工(gong)(gong)程的(de)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案的(de)實施，在設計過程中我們(men)要(yao)充分的(de)利用各項資(zi)源，優(you)化(hua)施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案。

二、水利工程施工設計編制的意義(yi)

1、核心宗旨

水利(li)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設計(ji)應要(yao)求相關部門(men)嚴(yan)格按照水利(li)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)要(yao)求和(he)運營管理規律，制定科學有(you)(you)效(xiao)的施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)方案與(yu)進度(du)(du)計(ji)劃，合(he)(he)理安排與(yu)調整(zheng)施(shi)工(gong)順(shun)序，通過科學高效(xiao)的管理支配(pei)模式，優化配(pei)置和(he)充(chong)分利(li)用資金、技術、人力、物(wu)力（包(bao)括(kuo)施(shi)工(gong)場地）等(deng)生產要(yao)素，做(zuo)好各(ge)方面(mian)(mian)的協調工(gong)作(zuo)，使施(shi)工(gong)有(you)(you)節奏、有(you)(you)計(ji)劃、有(you)(you)進度(du)(du)、有(you)(you)質量(liang)并安全文明地進行，進而(er)在社(she)會、經濟和(he)環(huan)保等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)取得良(liang)好的綜合(he)(he)效(xiao)益(yi)。

2、作用及必要性

在現階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建設中，為了滿足水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)各參與(yu)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)要求(qiu)(qiu)，保證施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)進(jin)行，就要充(chong)分發(fa)揮(hui)其在施(shi)工(gong)各階(jie)段及(ji)其經營管理(li)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。從施(shi)工(gong)全(quan)(quan)局(ju)角度(du)(du)看，水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)應作為全(quan)(quan)局(ju)性文件(jian)指(zhi)(zhi)導并控制(zhi)(zhi)從投(tou)標開始到(dao)竣工(gong)階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)承包全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)，因此在編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程(cheng)中，要保證相(xiang)關文件(jian)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面性和(he)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體性，進(jin)而(er)全(quan)(quan)方位發(fa)揮(hui)其管理(li)職能(neng)。從技術經濟學角度(du)(du)看，水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)應建立在全(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論認(ren)識基礎上，根據(ju)各參與(yu)方需求(qiu)(qiu)來編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術經濟文件(jian)，在組(zu)織(zhi)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)分發(fa)揮(hui)其指(zhi)(zhi)揮(hui)、協調與(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)作用。

三、水(shui)利工(gong)程施工(gong)組織設計(ji)編制(zhi)

水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)主要(yao)內容(rong)包括(kuo)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)程概況、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部署及主要(yao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備規劃(hua)(hua)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總進度計劃(hua)(hua)、資源需(xu)要(yao)計劃(hua)(hua)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總平(ping)(ping)面布(bu)置圖(tu)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目質量體系設(she)計、成本控制規劃(hua)(hua)、安全及風險管理規劃(hua)(hua)、指標計劃(hua)(hua)與分析。水利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容(rong)：組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)。即(ji)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)人力、物力和(he)方(fang)法(fa)，時間(jian)與空(kong)間(jian)，需(xu)要(yao)與可能，局部與整(zheng)體，階段(duan)與全過程有(you)周密安排(pai)。從“組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)”出發，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點做好(hao)以下三項內容(rong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作：第一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。前者(zhe)的(de)關鍵(jian)是(shi)“安排(pai)”，后者(zhe)的(de)關鍵(jian)是(shi)“選擇(ze)”。這個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點是(shi)解(jie)決施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)指導思想和(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)問(wen)題。第二個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期計劃(hua)(hua)，解(jie)決順序(xu)和(he)時間(jian)問(wen)題。經濟(ji)效(xiao)益寓(yu)于時間(jian)和(he)順序(xu)的(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)之中(zhong)(zhong)，不能有(you)任何失(shi)誤。第三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總平(ping)(ping)面圖(tu)，解(jie)決施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)空(kong)間(jian)問(wen)題和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)“投資”問(wen)題，技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)和(he)經濟(ji)性(xing)較強。技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)經濟(ji)分析的(de)基本要(yao)求。

1、全面分析(xi)，對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)技術方法(fa)、組(zu)織(zhi)方法(fa)效果進行(xing)分析(xi)；對(dui)(dui)需要和(he)可能進行(xing)分析(xi)；對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)具體環(huan)節(jie)及全過程進行(xing)分析(xi)。

2、建(jian)立技術經濟分(fen)(fen)析指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)。在(zai)進行技術經濟分(fen)(fen)析的同時，抓好施工(gong)方案、施工(gong)進度(du)計劃和施工(gong)平面圖，以此為(wei)基礎，建(jian)立技術經濟分(fen)(fen)析指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)體系(xi)。

3、在進行技術經濟(ji)分析時，定性分析和(he)定量分析結合。定量分析要對主要指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)、輔助(zhu)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)和(he)綜合指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)區別對待。

4、技術(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)分析以設計(ji)方(fang)案為(wei)(wei)主要依據，符合國家(jia)規定和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際需要。建(jian)立技術(shu)分析指標(biao)(biao)(biao)體系(xi)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)中的(de)技術(shu)分析的(de)總指標(biao)(biao)(biao)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)周期、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成本(ben)、勞動生(sheng)產率(lv)、安全(quan)(quan)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)、機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械完好率(lv)、臨(lin)(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)比例(li)、臨(lin)(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)費用、節省材料(liao)等(deng)。單位施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)的(de)技術(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)工(gong)(gong)期指標(biao)(biao)(biao)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)、機(ji)械化(hua)程(cheng)度等(deng)。這些指標(biao)(biao)(biao)應在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設計(ji)基本(ben)完成后進行計(ji)算，并寫入施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)文件(jian)，作為(wei)(wei)考核依據。技術(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)分析的(de)重點(dian)應圍(wei)繞(rao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、工(gong)(gong)期、成本(ben)、安全(quan)(quan)、環(huan)境等(deng)五個方(fang)面。技術(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)分析指標(biao)(biao)(biao)體系(xi)的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)原(yuan)則是在保證質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達到合格(ge)（優(you)良）的(de)條件(jian)下，工(gong)(gong)期合理，控制(zhi)成本(ben)較(jiao)低。

四、優化水利工程施工組織設(she)計的有效(xiao)策略

基于以上分析可(ke)知，水利工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)組織設計對水利工(gong)(gong)程建設項目的順利完工(gong)(gong)非常重要(yao)，因此應(ying)加強對水利工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)組織設計的優化。筆(bi)者認為，可(ke)從以下幾個方面(mian)著手應(ying)對：

1、加強對網絡技術的引入

隨著社會經濟的(de)(de)飛速(su)發展，當(dang)(dang)今(jin)已(yi)(yi)經進(jin)入(ru)到了(le)信息化(hua)時代(dai)，計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)技術已(yi)(yi)經被廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)各行(xing)各業的(de)(de)發展實(shi)踐中(zhong)，并取得了(le)非常(chang)明顯的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。因此筆者建議(yi)將現(xian)代(dai)計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)技術引入(ru)水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)計優化(hua)中(zhong)去，以提高水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)可行(xing)性與實(shi)效(xiao)性。從(cong)(cong)實(shi)踐來看(kan)，計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)技術可以提供比較(jiao)科(ke)學和(he)完善的(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)數(shu)學模型，因此在水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)計過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)盡可能地(di)利(li)(li)用計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)技術，對相關數(shu)據進(jin)行(xing)計算(suan)、繪圖(tu)、優化(hua)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)實(shi)際過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)跟蹤(zong)控制。在當(dang)(dang)前(qian)水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，所使(shi)用的(de)(de)人力資源、財(cai)務(wu)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)機(ji)械設(she)(she)備也會越來越多，單純的(de)(de)依靠傳統(tong)的(de)(de)技術手算(suan)與經驗，已(yi)(yi)經難以真正適(shi)應(ying)現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)需要，更無法(fa)適(shi)應(ying)水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)要求。從(cong)(cong)當(dang)(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)形勢來看(kan)，計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)技術越來越體現(xian)出其(qi)自身(shen)的(de)(de)優點，尤其(qi)在當(dang)(dang)前(qian)的(de)(de)大型水利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)，更能體現(xian)出計算(suan)網(wang)絡(luo)技術的(de)(de)作用；計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)技術的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)，具有(you)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時、快速(su)、高效(xiao)以及(ji)(ji)(ji)低費用等(deng)優點，筆者建議(yi)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)積極地(di)運(yun)用和(he)推廣現(xian)代(dai)計算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)輔(fu)助(zhu)技術及(ji)(ji)(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)來實(shi)現(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)管理與優化(hua)。

2、采用(yong)新工藝、新材(cai)料(liao)、新技術

在水利工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計優(you)化實(shi)踐過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，應(ying)當(dang)不(bu)斷地學習(xi)和總結經驗，不(bu)斷地利用現代先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)藝與技(ji)術成果來豐(feng)滿自己；水利工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，應(ying)當(dang)與時(shi)俱進(jin)，將新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝、新(xin)材料、新(xin)技(ji)術以及(ji)新(xin)機(ji)械充(chong)分地運用到實(shi)踐過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)去，逐步實(shi)現水利工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計的(de)科學化、現代化、規(gui)范化以及(ji)經濟實(shi)效化。

3、技術經濟分析

作(zuo)為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項重要(yao)內(nei)容，技術(shu)(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)分(fen)析(xi)是服務設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種有效(xiao)(xiao)手段(duan)。水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中，運用(yong)經(jing)濟(ji)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在于論證(zheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是否(fou)經(jing)濟(ji)合理，技術(shu)(shu)是否(fou)具(ju)有可(ke)行(xing)性。它對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程數據(ju)進行(xing)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算與分(fen)析(xi)，來選(xuan)擇一(yi)種最為經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)(an)，以(yi)保證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益與社會效(xiao)(xiao)益。一(yi)般而言，技術(shu)(shu)經(jing)濟(ji)分(fen)析(xi)主(zhu)要(yao)是圍繞著施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、進度以(yi)及成(cheng)本3個方(fang)面來實施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，具(ju)體選(xuan)用(yong)方(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原則為：在保證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)最優的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，還(huan)要(yao)保證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理性與成(cheng)本造價的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低性；通過(guo)科(ke)學合理而又嚴謹周(zhou)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，可(ke)以(yi)大幅(fu)度地提高水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益與社會效(xiao)(xiao)益。當水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)制定完(wan)成(cheng)以(yi)后，還(huan)要(yao)對(dui)該工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)進行(xing)技術(shu)(shu)和經(jing)濟(ji)評價，這對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改進與優化(hua)至關重要(yao)。

五、施工組織要(yao)立(li)足(zu)“流程控制(zhi)”，把握施工組織的設計細節

水利工程施(shi)工有其獨特的標準和特色，如施(shi)工的組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)流程必(bi)須清晰、明確，工程的進(jin)展要符合技術(shu)規(gui)范要求等(deng)。正是因為如此(ci)，才有必(bi)要明確水利工程施(shi)工的組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計規(gui)范，也就是組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的核心(xin)原則。

對于大型水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)設計，必須按(an)照(zhao)主體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的一(yi)般性要求進行(xing)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)的具體(ti)(ti)選擇上(shang)，就(jiu)要著眼全局、綜合考(kao)慮、落實到施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)細節(jie)。比如，主體(ti)(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全；要有利于縮短工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、減(jian)少(shao)輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)附加工(gong)(gong)(gong)作量，降(jiang)低施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)；要利于先后作業之間(jian)、土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)與機電(dian)安(an)裝之間(jian)、各(ge)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)之間(jian)協調均衡，減(jian)少(shao)干擾；技術先進、可靠(kao)，所選用的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)新技術宜通過生產性試(shi)驗或鑒定；施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)強(qiang)度(du)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備、材料、勞動力等資源需求較均衡。

六、結束語

綜(zong)上所述，在水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)過程(cheng)中，工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)組織必須要遵守(shou)相(xiang)關的(de)制度和標準制定，規(gui)范相(xiang)關的(de)設計內容，促進(jin)其更好(hao)的(de)發展。