1做(zuo)好地下室防(fang)水設(she)計

（1）進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)應(ying)(ying)明確建(jian)筑(zhu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)目(mu)的(de)：確保(bao)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)和滯留水(shui)不滲(shen)(shen)入室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)，給予室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)正常的(de)生產、工(gong)作、生活和儲藏(zang)環境。防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)保(bao)護好地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，不能讓地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)浸(jin)泡鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。一旦結(jie)構(gou)(gou)滲(shen)(shen)水(shui)，會導致(zhi)鋼(gang)筋(jin)銹蝕、斷截(jie)面減小、膨(peng)脹(zhang)，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)裂縫增大(da)、抗壓強度減弱，建(jian)筑(zhu)基(ji)礎受損，建(jian)筑(zhu)壽命降低，最(zui)終危及安全(quan)。（2）地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)必須遵循“防(fang)(fang)(fang)、排、截(jie)、堵相結(jie)合(he)，剛柔相濟，因地(di)(di)制宜、綜合(he)治理”的(de)原則，努力達(da)到防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)可(ke)靠、經濟合(he)理的(de)目(mu)的(de)。在設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)充(chong)分掌握地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)所在地(di)(di)及其(qi)附近地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)運動規律和狀況（近期(qi)和遠期(qi)），確定(ding)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)位標高(gao)(gao)(gao)，同時結(jie)合(he)地(di)(di)質、地(di)(di)形(xing)、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料供應(ying)(ying)及當地(di)(di)施工(gong)條件等全(quan)面研(yan)究地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)方案。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)外墻(qiang)、底板均(jun)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用抗滲(shen)(shen)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，抗滲(shen)(shen)等級應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)壁厚和地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)的(de)最(zui)大(da)水(shui)頭比(bi)值。（3）獨立式全(quan)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)做全(quan)封閉，附建(jian)式全(quan)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)或半地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)設(she)(she)置(zhi)，則應(ying)(ying)高(gao)(gao)(gao)出室(shi)(shi)(shi)外地(di)(di)平(ping)標高(gao)(gao)(gao)至±0.000m以上，卷材(cai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)和涂膜防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)可(ke)在室(shi)(shi)(shi)外平(ping)坦處改用防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)漿完成設(she)(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度。（4）地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)位高(gao)(gao)(gao)于地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面時，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)應(ying)(ying)考慮(lv)整體鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)效果；在特(te)殊(shu)要求(qiu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)可(ke)采(cai)用架空地(di)(di)面和夾壁墻(qiang)。（5）地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)宜采(cai)用軟保(bao)護層(ceng)，如(ru)聚苯板或聚乙(yi)烯板等。

2質量保證措施

（1）聚氯酯防(fang)水涂料(liao)保(bao)證質量的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)是：配(pei)合比正(zheng)確，攪(jiao)拌充分(fen)，根據氣候條件隨(sui)拌隨(sui)用(yong)；薄涂多(duo)刷，確保(bao)厚度，涂刷均勻，養護充分(fen)。（2）嚴把材料(liao)關(guan)，防(fang)水材料(liao)的(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao)（包括產品合格(ge)(ge)證、防(fang)水材料(liao)準(zhun)用(yong)證及防(fang)偽標志等）要(yao)齊全，材料(liao)進(jin)場后(hou)應現場進(jin)行(xing)抽樣復檢。（3）嚴格(ge)(ge)按照施工規范施工，施工前(qian)對全體(ti)操作(zuo)人員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)技術交(jiao)底，精心進(jin)行(xing)施工。（4）基(ji)層(ceng)要(yao)滿足防(fang)水施工要(yao)求，經(jing)有(you)關(guan)人員(yuan)驗收合格(ge)(ge)后(hou)，方可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)水涂料(liao)施工。（5）在澆注混凝(ning)土保(bao)護層(ceng)過程(cheng)中，不慎損壞的(de)(de)防(fang)水層(ceng)要(yao)及時修補(bu)。

3地下室防水技術(shu)處(chu)理中若干問(wen)題

（1）混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)泌(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)。大體積大流動(dong)性混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑和(he)(he)(he)振(zhen)搗中(zhong)，上涌的(de)(de)(de)泌(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)浮(fu)漿(jiang)(jiang)會跟著(zhu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坡面(mian)(mian)流到坑(keng)底，并隨混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)向前推進(jin)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)支(zhi)模時，應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑前進(jin)方向二側模底部留孔排(pai)出泌(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)浮(fu)漿(jiang)(jiang)。當混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坡腳(jiao)接(jie)近(jin)盡(jin)(jin)端(duan)模板時，要(yao)立即改(gai)變混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑方向，由盡(jin)(jin)端(duan)往回(hui)澆(jiao)(jiao)，另外(wai)加(jia)強二側混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑，使(shi)最后混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑形成四(si)面(mian)(mian)會合(he)，這樣泌(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)浮(fu)漿(jiang)(jiang)可以集(ji)中(zhong)排(pai)除。（2）混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)處理(li)。大體積泵送混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，排(pai)除泌(mi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)浮(fu)漿(jiang)(jiang)后，表面(mian)(mian)仍有較厚的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澆(jiao)(jiao)完4～5h后，要(yao)用(yong)(yong)長(chang)括尺括平，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)初凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)前用(yong)(yong)滾筒來(lai)回(hui)碾壓數遍，待接(jie)近(jin)終凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)前，用(yong)(yong)木(mu)蟹再打(da)磨(mo)一(yi)遍，使(shi)收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)裂縫(feng)閉合(he)。（3）混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)養護(hu)。大體積混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)內外(wai)溫差大，必(bi)須做好(hao)養護(hu)工(gong)(gong)作。本工(gong)(gong)程澆(jiao)(jiao)筑時氣溫高達35。，只(zhi)進(jin)行保濕養護(hu)。采用(yong)(yong)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)養護(hu)并覆蓋塑料薄(bo)膜，防(fang)止混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份蒸發和(he)(he)(he)表面(mian)(mian)脫(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而產生干縮裂縫(feng)，養護(hu)時間(jian)不少(shao)于14d。4施工(gong)(gong)安全注意事項

摘要(yao)：本(ben)文從視唱(chang)的技術(shu)處(chu)理(li)方面分析了如何取得較好(hao)的視唱(chang)教學(xue)效果，使學(xue)生在音準、節奏和音樂表現等方面的綜合(he)能力(li)得到(dao)全面發(fa)展(zhan)。

關鍵詞：視唱音準(zhun)節奏(zou)音樂教學效果

視(shi)唱(chang)的教學內容包括調性訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)、節(jie)拍節(jie)奏訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)、變化音及轉調訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)、多聲部視(shi)唱(chang)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)、看譜唱(chang)詞訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)(lian)等(deng)等(deng)。為了視(shi)唱(chang)的音準、節(jie)奏和音樂表(biao)現等(deng)綜合(he)能力得到全面發展，在唱(chang)視(shi)唱(chang)時(shi)，要“眼看”、“口唱(chang)”、“耳聽”、“手劃拍”等(deng)動作(zuo)的相(xiang)互協調。要取得好的教學效果，對(dui)于(yu)視(shi)唱(chang)的有關技術處(chu)理是相(xiang)當重要的。

一、音準

音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)準(zhun)是由某一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)固(gu)定音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)高(gao)的(de)要求(qiu)來確定的(de)，它可由某一(yi)(yi)樂器或(huo)(huo)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)笛、音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)叉來認定，也(ye)可能由視唱者的(de)內心(xin)感(gan)覺，而有(you)時(shi)這種內在(zai)(zai)感(gan)覺和樂器的(de)固(gu)定音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)高(gao)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)誤差。音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)準(zhun)問(wen)題有(you)兩種基(ji)本類型(xing)：（1）當演唱時(shi)，可能與原確定的(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)高(gao)逐漸降(jiang)低或(huo)(huo)逐漸升高(gao)。（2）整個(ge)(ge)(ge)曲子基(ji)本維持在(zai)(zai)確定的(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)高(gao)上，但(dan)某一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、某一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)程、某一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)樂句不準(zhun)確或(huo)(huo)不穩定。音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)準(zhun)問(wen)題與不同的(de)因(yin)素有(you)著密切的(de)聯系。

1、音(yin)質(zhi)是(shi)決定(ding)條件

摘要(yao)：簡要(yao)介紹了納濾膜的定義(yi)及原理(li)，并利用自行(xing)設計的小型設備對納濾NF1、納濾NF7兩(liang)種型號膜組件的性能進行(xing)了比較。

關鍵(jian)詞：飲(yin)用水水處(chu)理納濾膜分離(li)技術

前言

膜分離(li)技術是物質(zhi)分離(li)技術中的(de)一個單元(yuan)操作(zuo)。膜法分離(li)的(de)最大特(te)點是驅動力(li)主要(yao)為壓力(li)，不伴隨需(xu)要(yao)大量(liang)熱能(neng)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。因而有(you)節(jie)能(neng)、可連續操作(zuo)、便(bian)于(yu)自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)等優點。膜分離(li)中的(de)微濾(lv)（MF）、超濾(lv)（UF）不能(neng)脫(tuo)除各種低分子(zi)物質(zhi)，故單獨使用(yong)時，出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)量(liang)仍較(jiao)差(cha)。反滲透(tou)膜（RO）有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)去除率，但在去除有(you)害物質(zhi)的(de)同(tong)時也(ye)去除了水(shui)(shui)(shui)中大量(liang)有(you)益的(de)無機離(li)子(zi)，出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)呈(cheng)酸性，不符合(he)人(ren)體需(xu)要(yao)。而納濾(lv)膜（NF）分離(li)技術在有(you)效去除水(shui)(shui)(shui)中有(you)害物質(zhi)的(de)同(tong)時，還(huan)能(neng)保留大多數人(ren)體必須的(de)無機離(li)子(zi)，且出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)pH值變(bian)化(hua)(hua)不大。這(zhe)種水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)對于(yu)我國的(de)飲食結構(gou)而言，尤其是營養(yang)結構(gou)單一的(de)人(ren)員來說，更(geng)(geng)易被接受，也(ye)更(geng)(geng)加合(he)理(li)。

為進一步開發和納(na)濾膜(mo)(mo)，以(yi)便其更有效地于水處理，我們安裝了兩種型號(hao)的(de)納(na)濾膜(mo)(mo)設備并(bing)進行了比較研(yan)究，這兩種型號(hao)的(de)納(na)濾膜(mo)(mo)均(jun)由(you)美國Trisep公(gong)司(si)生產(chan)，材(cai)質為PA，型號(hao)分別為NF1（NFTS40）和NF7（NFTS80）。

1、納濾(lv)膜的定(ding)義(yi)及(ji)分離原理(li)

摘(zhai)要：陸在易(yi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)合唱(chang)音(yin)(yin)樂的(de)(de)(de)(de)領軍人(ren)物之一，他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)品旋律動(dong)人(ren)，充(chong)滿對(dui)(dui)人(ren)民、對(dui)(dui)祖國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱愛。陸在易(yi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)生(sheng)平豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)經歷對(dui)(dui)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)創(chuang)作(zuo)產生(sheng)了深遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。陸在易(yi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合唱(chang)作(zuo)品不論是(shi)(shi)從音(yin)(yin)樂本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)處理還是(shi)(shi)音(yin)(yin)樂藝術(shu)風(feng)格中所蘊含的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)文(wen)情(qing)懷都(dou)是(shi)(shi)值得研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)。文(wen)章首先(xian)(xian)分析(xi)(xi)了陸在易(yi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)平經歷，著重從藝術(shu)風(feng)格及技術(shu)處理兩個角(jiao)度分析(xi)(xi)研究他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合唱(chang)作(zuo)品。筆者借(jie)此表達對(dui)(dui)陸在易(yi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇敬以及中國(guo)合唱(chang)音(yin)(yin)樂不斷前進的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿景。

關(guan)鍵詞：陸在易；合(he)唱作品；藝術風格；技術處理

陸在(zai)易(yi)(yi)，字梓(zi)鈞，浙江余(yu)姚人(ren)(ren)(ren)，我國當代樂(le)壇著名作(zuo)曲(qu)家，他在(zai)合唱(chang)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)領域的(de)(de)造(zao)詣極高，而(er)且他的(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)在(zai)很(hen)(hen)大(da)程度上真實(shi)的(de)(de)還原了勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)日常生活，因此(ci)(ci)他被人(ren)(ren)(ren)們譽(yu)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國音(yin)(yin)樂(le)界(jie)的(de)(de)“音(yin)(yin)樂(le)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。陸在(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)生的(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)具有(you)很(hen)(hen)強的(de)(de)藝術(shu)(shu)風格，欣賞(shang)起(qi)來(lai)繞梁三日而(er)余(yu)音(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)絕，聽眾(zhong)不(bu)(bu)僅會在(zai)聽覺上得到(dao)享受，更(geng)是會從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體會到(dao)他對人(ren)(ren)(ren)生的(de)(de)深(shen)刻見解。如(ru)果僅是如(ru)此(ci)(ci)還不(bu)(bu)足以讓陸在(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)生屹立(li)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)之林(lin)，他的(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所用(yong)的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)處理方式同(tong)樣別出心(xin)裁，細(xi)膩而(er)又深(shen)沉地傳達曲(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)愛(ai)情懷。陸在(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)生的(de)(de)作(zuo)品(pin)在(zai)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)技術(shu)(shu)層面上堪稱完美，在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文層面更(geng)是懷有(you)民(min)族(zu)大(da)愛(ai)。筆者(zhe)希望通過研究陸在(zai)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)合唱(chang)作(zuo)品(pin)，能夠為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國音(yin)(yin)樂(le)界(jie)的(de)(de)創作(zuo)提(ti)供(gong)啟發，同(tong)時對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國合唱(chang)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)起(qi)到(dao)促(cu)進作(zuo)用(yong)。

一(yi)、陸在易生(sheng)平經歷(li)概述

創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)作來(lai)源生(sheng)活。陸(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)易(yi)(yi)作品(pin)中所蘊含的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)文情懷與(yu)他(ta)(ta)生(sheng)平豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷(li)有直接(jie)關(guan)系(xi)。要(yao)研究(jiu)陸(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作品(pin)，首(shou)先(xian)(xian)(xian)就要(yao)研究(jiu)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)經(jing)歷(li)。陸(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)出生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)浙江余姚，自幼接(jie)觸二胡、笛子等民(min)族(zu)樂(le)(le)器，有時甚(shen)至隨(sui)絲竹樂(le)(le)班(ban)進行演出，幼時的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)環境極大地(di)(di)激發了他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)熱情與(yu)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)才能。陸(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)于1955年考(kao)入(ru)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)學院(yuan)附中學習鋼琴，這(zhe)為他(ta)(ta)以后(hou)在(zai)(zai)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)作中完美地(di)(di)運(yun)用鋼琴伴奏奠定了基礎。后(hou)來(lai)他(ta)(ta)成績(ji)優異，直接(jie)升入(ru)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)學院(yuan)本(ben)科(ke)作曲系(xi)學習。他(ta)(ta)又留校執教，為他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作品(pin)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)作打下了深(shen)(shen)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。在(zai)(zai)時期，他(ta)(ta)曾被下鄉(xiang)鍛煉。改革開放以后(hou)，藝術文化領域百家爭鳴，中國(guo)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)界加強了同(tong)西方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流，這(zhe)為陸(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)學習西方(fang)、走向國(guo)際(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)造了條(tiao)件。陸(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)易(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)基本(ben)完整地(di)(di)經(jing)歷(li)并(bing)參與(yu)了新中國(guo)合(he)唱音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)階段。他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)經(jing)歷(li)使他(ta)(ta)深(shen)(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)體會(hui)到勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不易(yi)(yi)，也讓他(ta)(ta)了解到中國(guo)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)與(yu)國(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)距(ju)，這(zhe)給他(ta)(ta)日(ri)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)作烙下了深(shen)(shen)深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)文化印記，使他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作品(pin)充滿(man)了國(guo)家大愛(ai)、民(min)族(zu)大愛(ai)。他(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)合(he)唱領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)作對中國(guo)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)界甚(shen)至世界音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)界影響尤為深(shen)(shen)遠。

二(er)、陸在易合唱作品的藝術風(feng)格

摘要：隨著近年來污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排放制度(du)越(yue)來越(yue)嚴格，我(wo)國的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)治理(li)已逐(zhu)漸進(jin)(jin)入高處(chu)理(li)率和(he)高標準階段。其(qi)中，印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)屬于(yu)難(nan)(nan)處(chu)理(li)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之一，其(qi)組成復雜，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質變化明顯，顏色較深，并且有毒(du)物累(lei)積量(liang)較大，對其(qi)處(chu)理(li)非常難(nan)(nan)，需(xu)要找到(dao)有效適合(he)(he)的(de)方法(fa)來處(chu)理(li)染(ran)料(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。本文針對染(ran)料(liao)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)種類和(he)特點，通過不同的(de)生(sheng)物技術以及其(qi)他(ta)方法(fa)與生(sheng)物技術的(de)組合(he)(he)技術對印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)進(jin)(jin)行研(yan)究和(he)分析，總結出幾種處(chu)理(li)印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)方法(fa)，從(cong)而達到(dao)對印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)脫色和(he)去除效果(guo)好的(de)目的(de)。

關鍵(jian)詞：印(yin)染廢(fei)水；生物(wu)技術；脫色(se)

印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)染(ran)料、漿料、表面活性劑、還(huan)(huan)原漂(piao)白(bai)劑、纖(xian)維雜質(zhi)、有(you)(you)機(ji)物、無機(ji)鹽，還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)銅(tong)、鉛、鋅等(deng)重(zhong)金(jin)屬元素。印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物毒性、有(you)(you)機(ji)物含量高、色度大(da)(da)、水(shui)質(zhi)變(bian)化大(da)(da)、pH值變(bian)化大(da)(da)、成分復雜并(bing)含有(you)(you)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)懸(xuan)浮(fu)物等(deng)特(te)點(dian)(dian)，這些特(te)點(dian)(dian)進一步(bu)加大(da)(da)了印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)難度[1]。在目前(qian)處(chu)理(li)印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)，生(sheng)(sheng)物技(ji)術(shu)在經濟和使用(yong)可行性的(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度都占(zhan)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要優勢(shi)并(bing)對(dui)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)程度較(jiao)低(di)，但是生(sheng)(sheng)物技(ji)術(shu)也有(you)(you)一些缺點(dian)(dian)，例如存在處(chu)理(li)效率低(di)，有(you)(you)時會出現處(chu)理(li)效果不(bu)好等(deng)缺點(dian)(dian)，從而影響了其(qi)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，所以將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)物技(ji)術(shu)進行進一步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改進，將(jiang)其(qi)與其(qi)他(ta)工藝相結(jie)合，形成組合工藝，這樣(yang)可以提高處(chu)理(li)效率，是處(chu)理(li)印(yin)染(ran)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)方向。

1生物技術處理印(yin)染廢水的基本(ben)原理

生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)技術處理(li)(li)印(yin)染(ran)(ran)(ran)廢水，其基(ji)(ji)本原理(li)(li)主要是(shi)(shi)通過微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)繁(fan)殖，利用微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)酶氧化或(huo)還原染(ran)(ran)(ran)料分(fen)子，將染(ran)(ran)(ran)料分(fen)子的(de)(de)(de)不飽(bao)和(he)鍵和(he)顯色基(ji)(ji)團破壞，從(cong)(cong)而將印(yin)染(ran)(ran)(ran)廢水中的(de)(de)(de)大分(fen)子有機(ji)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)降解成小(xiao)分(fen)子物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)轉化為各(ge)種(zhong)原生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)及營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)減少水中污染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)和(he)難分(fen)解污染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)，達到處理(li)(li)效果。將生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)技術與其他的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)工藝(yi)組合，利用各(ge)自(zi)工藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點(dian)，這樣可以(yi)最大程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮各(ge)工藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點(dian)，從(cong)(cong)而達到更好的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)廢水的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)目(mu)前印(yin)染(ran)(ran)(ran)廢水處理(li)(li)研究的(de)(de)(de)一個重要方向(xiang)。

2生物(wu)技(ji)術(shu)及其組合技(ji)術(shu)處理印(yin)染廢水

摘要：通過多年工(gong)(gong)作經歷，參考了大量文獻資(zi)料，探討了地下室(shi)防水技術(shu)處理方法，以其(qi)為有關(guan)建筑工(gong)(gong)作者提(ti)供參考。

關鍵詞：地下室；防水(shui)；技(ji)術；處理(li)；設計

1做好地下室防水(shui)設計(ji)

（1）進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)計(ji)應(ying)(ying)明確建(jian)筑(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)的(de)目的(de)：確保(bao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)滯留水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)滲入(ru)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內，給(gei)予(yu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內正(zheng)常的(de)生產、工作、生活和(he)儲藏環境。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層保(bao)護(hu)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，不(bu)能讓(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)浸(jin)泡(pao)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。一旦結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，會導致鋼(gang)筋(jin)銹蝕、斷截面減小、膨脹，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)裂縫(feng)增大、抗壓(ya)強度減弱(ruo)，建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎受損，建(jian)筑(zhu)壽命(ming)降低，最(zui)終危及安(an)全。（2）地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)計(ji)必須遵循(xun)“防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、排、截、堵相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)，剛柔相濟(ji)，因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜、綜合(he)(he)(he)治理”的(de)原則，努力達到(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)靠、經濟(ji)合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)目的(de)。在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)前應(ying)(ying)充分掌握地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工程(cheng)所在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及其附(fu)近地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)運動規(gui)律和(he)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)（近期(qi)和(he)遠期(qi)），確定設(she)(she)計(ji)最(zui)高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位標高(gao)，同(tong)時結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質、地(di)(di)(di)(di)形、地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工程(cheng)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)材(cai)料供(gong)應(ying)(ying)及當地(di)(di)(di)(di)施工條(tiao)件等全面研究地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)工程(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方案。地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)外墻(qiang)、底板均應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)抗滲混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，抗滲等級應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)壁厚和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)最(zui)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭比值。（3）獨立式全地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)做全封(feng)閉，附(fu)建(jian)式全地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或半地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)置，則應(ying)(ying)高(gao)出室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外地(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)標高(gao)至±0.000m以(yi)上，卷材(cai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)涂膜防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層可(ke)在(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外平(ping)(ping)坦處改用(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漿完成設(she)(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)高(gao)度。（4）地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位高(gao)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面時，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)應(ying)(ying)考慮整體(ti)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，保(bao)證防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效果；在(zai)特殊(shu)要求下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)可(ke)采用(yong)架空地(di)(di)(di)(di)面和(he)夾壁墻(qiang)。（5）地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層宜采用(yong)軟保(bao)護(hu)層，如聚苯板或聚乙烯板等。

2質量保證措施

（1）聚氯酯防(fang)(fang)水(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)保證質(zhi)量的(de)關(guan)鍵是：配(pei)合(he)比正確，攪拌充分，根據氣(qi)候條件隨拌隨用；薄(bo)涂(tu)多刷，確保厚度，涂(tu)刷均勻，養護充分。（2）嚴(yan)把材(cai)料(liao)(liao)關(guan)，防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)資料(liao)(liao)（包括產(chan)品合(he)格(ge)證、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)準用證及防(fang)(fang)偽標志等）要齊全，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)場后應現場進(jin)行(xing)抽樣復檢。（3）嚴(yan)格(ge)按照施(shi)工(gong)規范(fan)施(shi)工(gong)，施(shi)工(gong)前對全體操作人員進(jin)行(xing)技術(shu)交底，精(jing)心進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)。（4）基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)要滿足防(fang)(fang)水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)要求，經有關(guan)人員驗收合(he)格(ge)后，方可進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)施(shi)工(gong)。（5）在澆(jiao)注混凝土保護層(ceng)(ceng)過程中，不(bu)慎損(sun)壞的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)要及時修(xiu)補。

摘要：通過多年工(gong)作經歷，參(can)考了(le)大量(liang)文(wen)獻資(zi)料(liao)，探討了(le)地下室防(fang)水技(ji)術處理方法，以其為(wei)有關建筑工(gong)作者提(ti)供參(can)考。

關鍵詞：地下室；防水；技術；處理(li)；設計

1做好地下室防水設計

（1）進行防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)計應(ying)(ying)(ying)明(ming)確(que)建筑(zhu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)：確(que)保地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)滯留水(shui)(shui)不滲(shen)入室(shi)(shi)內，給予室(shi)(shi)內正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)和(he)(he)儲藏環境(jing)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層保護(hu)好地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)，不能讓地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)浸泡鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)。一旦(dan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)，會(hui)導(dao)致鋼(gang)(gang)筋銹蝕、斷截面減小(xiao)、膨脹，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)裂(lie)縫增大、抗(kang)壓強度減弱，建筑(zhu)基礎受損(sun)，建筑(zhu)壽(shou)命降低，最(zui)終(zhong)危及安全(quan)。（2）地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)計必須遵循(xun)“防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、排、截、堵相結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)，剛柔(rou)相濟(ji)，因(yin)地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜、綜合(he)(he)(he)治理”的(de)(de)(de)原則，努力達到防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)可(ke)靠(kao)、經濟(ji)合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)設(she)計前(qian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)充分掌握地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)及其附近(jin)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)運動規律和(he)(he)狀(zhuang)況（近(jin)期和(he)(he)遠期），確(que)定設(she)計最(zui)高(gao)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)位標高(gao)，同時(shi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)質、地(di)(di)形、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)料供應(ying)(ying)(ying)及當地(di)(di)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件等全(quan)面研究(jiu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)方案。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)外墻、底(di)板均應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用抗(kang)滲(shen)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)，抗(kang)滲(shen)等級(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)根據防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計壁(bi)厚和(he)(he)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大水(shui)(shui)頭比值(zhi)。（3）獨立式全(quan)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)做全(quan)封閉，附建式全(quan)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)或半地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)設(she)置，則應(ying)(ying)(ying)高(gao)出室(shi)(shi)外地(di)(di)平標高(gao)至(zhi)±0.000m以(yi)上(shang)，卷材(cai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)涂膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層可(ke)在(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)外平坦處改(gai)用防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)漿(jiang)完成設(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)高(gao)度。（4）地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)最(zui)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)位高(gao)于地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面時(shi)，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)設(she)計應(ying)(ying)(ying)考慮整體(ti)鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)，保證防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)效果(guo)；在(zai)(zai)特殊要求下(xia)(xia)(xia)可(ke)采(cai)用架空地(di)(di)面和(he)(he)夾壁(bi)墻。（5）地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層宜采(cai)用軟保護(hu)層，如聚(ju)苯板或聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)板等。

2質量保證措施

（1）聚(ju)氯酯防水(shui)涂料保證(zheng)質量的關(guan)鍵是：配合比正確，攪拌充(chong)(chong)分，根據氣候條件隨(sui)拌隨(sui)用；薄涂多刷(shua)，確保厚度(du)，涂刷(shua)均勻，養護充(chong)(chong)分。（2）嚴(yan)把(ba)材(cai)料關(guan)，防水(shui)材(cai)料的資料（包括產品合格證(zheng)、防水(shui)材(cai)料準(zhun)用證(zheng)及防偽(wei)標志(zhi)等(deng)）要齊全，材(cai)料進場(chang)后應現(xian)場(chang)進行抽樣(yang)復檢。（3）嚴(yan)格按照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規范施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前對全體操作人(ren)員(yuan)進行技(ji)術(shu)交底，精心進行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。（4）基層(ceng)要滿足防水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求，經有關(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)驗收合格后，方可進行防水(shui)涂料施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。（5）在澆注混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)保護層(ceng)過程中，不慎損(sun)壞的防水(shui)層(ceng)要及時修補(bu)。

摘要：重點(dian)分析(xi)和研究無線(xian)通(tong)信(xin)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能硬件(jian)中(zhong)的低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)方法，通(tong)過軟件(jian)處(chu)(chu)理(li)技(ji)術來控制短(duan)距離無線(xian)通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統在(zai)(zai)靜止狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)、空閑狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)、工作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)、睡眠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)等不同(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下的功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)，不同(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下的功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)降低(di)可以(yi)使得(de)短(duan)距離無線(xian)通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統的整(zheng)體(ti)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)大幅降低(di)，這點(dian)在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能可穿戴設(she)備(bei)中(zhong)尤為關鍵，功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)的降低(di)不僅(jin)可以(yi)提(ti)高電(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)的續航時間，也提(ti)升用戶體(ti)驗與(yu)認同(tong)。

關(guan)鍵詞：無線通信(xin)；低功耗(hao)；休眠喚醒；智(zhi)能硬(ying)件

主流的(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)距(ju)離無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)技術包括(kuo)Wifi、紫蜂(Zigbee)、藍牙技術(Bluetooth)、以及運(yun)行(xing)于ISM頻(pin)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.4GHz射頻(pin)（RF）與(yu)433MHz的(de)(de)(de)(de)RF頻(pin)段；這些無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)技術各具優缺點(dian)，但(dan)是(shi)有一(yi)個共同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，既短(duan)距(ju)離無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)部件(jian)工作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)相對可穿戴設(she)備、智(zhi)(zhi)能家居等智(zhi)(zhi)能硬(ying)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)來(lai)說是(shi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)能最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)，一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說短(duan)距(ju)離無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統發(fa)射功(gong)(gong)率(lv)在20mAh上(shang)(shang)下(xia)，而(er)智(zhi)(zhi)能硬(ying)件(jian)特別是(shi)可穿戴設(she)備等除了無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)電路(lu)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)電路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)占(zhan)比很(hen)小(xiao)，也(ye)說是(shi)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)電路(lu)在正常(chang)(chang)工作(zuo)下(xia)占(zhan)用(yong)了很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)。無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)距(ju)離與(yu)發(fa)射功(gong)(gong)率(lv)息(xi)息(xi)相關，若是(shi)為了降低(di)(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)而(er)把(ba)發(fa)射功(gong)(gong)率(lv)降低(di)(di)則影響(xiang)到通(tong)(tong)信(xin)距(ju)離與(yu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)可靠性；然而(er)在智(zhi)(zhi)能硬(ying)件(jian)中一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)傳感(gan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)采集(ji)與(yu)上(shang)(shang)報，都采用(yong)定時(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)報方式，也(ye)就是(shi)系(xi)統大部分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)間是(shi)工作(zuo)在空(kong)閑狀態(tai)，故(gu)每次(ci)數據通(tong)(tong)信(xin)業務(wu)都是(shi)很(hen)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)完成，如果(guo)能將(jiang)設(she)備在等待時(shi)(shi)間里將(jiang)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)部分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)節省下(xia)來(lai)，將(jiang)大大降低(di)(di)智(zhi)(zhi)能設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)。基于上(shang)(shang)述(shu)問題首先對智(zhi)(zhi)能硬(ying)件(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)距(ju)離無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)電路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析與(yu)介(jie)紹，并給出(chu)現有技術中常(chang)(chang)用(yong)休眠方法(fa)，提出(chu)一(yi)種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)可中斷休眠的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理方法(fa)，最后通(tong)(tong)過實際(ji)產品應(ying)用(yong)驗證了該方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)性。

1功耗分析

如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)1所示為(wei)(wei)(wei)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組成框圖(tu)，包括了傳感數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（傳感器(qi)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、主(zhu)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、控制(zhi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、短距(ju)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等，一(yi)般(ban)講由主(zhu)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)去采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)傳感器(qi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，并對采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)分(fen)析后，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)控制(zhi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)控制(zhi)燈光、微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機等設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，或者(zhe)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)上(shang)(shang)報(bao)所集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)；因此(ci)(ci)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將上(shang)(shang)述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)按使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、按需使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三種，以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模塊(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主(zhu)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可(ke)歸為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，參數(shu)(shu)(shu)采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)歸為(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，而短距(ju)離(li)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)與(yu)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)則(ze)歸為(wei)(wei)(wei)按需使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。下(xia)(xia)面通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)表(biao)1所列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，對在智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾款主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)微型(xing)控制(zhi)器(qi)與(yu)短距(ju)離(li)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)對比，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對比可(ke)知，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)BlueTooth通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)近10mA，若是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Zigbee通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)微控制(zhi)器(qi)與(yu)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)則(ze)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)20mA以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)；若采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)WiFi通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)則(ze)消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)更高，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)百毫(hao)安(an)(an)級(ji)；因此(ci)(ci)在智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)穿(chuan)戴設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量普(pu)遍是(shi)(shi)在1000mAh以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)1000mah的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在無(wu)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)下(xia)(xia)，可(ke)供(gong)藍牙(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)100小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)供(gong)zigbee系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)50小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，而可(ke)穿(chuan)戴設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)要求續航(hang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)天以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)甚至是(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)月之久，顯(xian)然(ran)(ran)無(wu)法讓上(shang)(shang)述耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)一(yi)直工作(zuo)。在智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)能(neng)(neng)量消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常講在無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)距(ju)離(li)無(wu)法改(gai)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，僅通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)選擇(ze)低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)來(lai)(lai)降低(di)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)待(dai)機消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)[1]是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法根(gen)(gen)本解決(jue)，因此(ci)(ci)需要在軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)層(ceng)面加以(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)優(you)化(hua)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)來(lai)(lai)解決(jue)。現有(you)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)種，一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)在MAC層(ceng)上(shang)(shang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)協(xie)議(yi)[2]上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)來(lai)(lai)改(gai)善(shan)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，如(ru)(ru)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)CSMA載波監聽防止(zhi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)度競爭(zheng)與(yu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)碰(peng)撞，或者(zhe)減(jian)小(xiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗余來(lai)(lai)減(jian)小(xiao)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，受限于(yu)協(xie)議(yi)基本架(jia)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不可(ke)變性(xing)(xing)，這種通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在網(wang)絡協(xie)議(yi)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)優(you)化(hua)而降低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收效甚微。另一(yi)種方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率控制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，這種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)當(dang)前最常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)與(yu)喚(huan)醒(xing)(xing)(xing)策(ce)略[3]，如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)2。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)喚(huan)醒(xing)(xing)(xing)圖(tu)在一(yi)個工作(zuo)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)T時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)內T0是(shi)(shi)深(shen)度睡(shui)眠(mian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)，其占據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)整個工作(zuo)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)T的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)80%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降低(di)到(dao)(dao)(dao)微安(an)(an)級(ji)，待(dai)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)(da)后，喚(huan)醒(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)處(chu)理(li)(li)上(shang)(shang)報(bao)等工作(zuo)，這個工作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)T1極短，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)十毫(hao)安(an)(an)，待(dai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)處(chu)理(li)(li)完畢(bi)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)短暫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)閑時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)T2后，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)重新進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度睡(shui)眠(mian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。這種低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)處(chu)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)上(shang)(shang)報(bao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)[4]，這種系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)單向(xiang)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)著用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加以(yi)(yi)(yi)及技(ji)(ji)術(shu)發展，當(dang)今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)穿(chuan)戴設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)如(ru)(ru)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)鞋(xie)服中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)戴設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)即要求續航(hang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)長(chang)又要求可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)向(xiang)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，對于(yu)需要雙(shuang)向(xiang)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)模式(shi)且對實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)要求較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而言，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)喚(huan)醒(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)(fang)法顯(xian)然(ran)(ran)無(wu)法勝任更低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)要求。針對上(shang)(shang)述低(di)功(gong)(gong)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)處(chu)理(li)(li)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，本文提出(chu)(chu)可(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)斷休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)喚(huan)醒(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)(fang)法，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)當(dang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)選擇(ze)休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，如(ru)(ru)一(yi)個穿(chuan)戴在正(zheng)在運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人身體(ti)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)硬(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)動狀(zhuang)態(tai)來(lai)(lai)啟動數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)采集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)上(shang)(shang)報(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模式(shi)，若是(shi)(shi)靜止(zhi)則(ze)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，若是(shi)(shi)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)靜止(zhi)則(ze)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)深(shen)度休(xiu)(xiu)眠(mian)，而設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)由一(yi)個外(wai)部事件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)激活或喚(huan)醒(xing)(xing)(xing)。

2可中斷休眠喚醒

摘要：簡要介紹了納濾膜(mo)的(de)定(ding)義及原理，并(bing)利用自行(xing)設(she)計的(de)小(xiao)型(xing)設(she)備對(dui)納濾NF1、納濾NF7兩種型(xing)號膜(mo)組(zu)件的(de)性能進行(xing)了分析比較。

關鍵詞：飲用水水處理納濾膜分(fen)離技術(shu)

前言

膜分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)是(shi)物質分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)單元(yuan)操(cao)作。膜法分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)特點(dian)是(shi)驅動力主要(yao)(yao)為(wei)壓力，不(bu)伴(ban)隨需要(yao)(yao)大(da)量(liang)熱能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)。因而有(you)節能(neng)(neng)、可(ke)連續操(cao)作、便于(yu)自動化(hua)等優點(dian)。膜分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)微濾（MF）、超濾（UF）不(bu)能(neng)(neng)脫(tuo)除各種(zhong)低(di)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)物質，故單獨使用時(shi)，出(chu)水(shui)質量(liang)仍較差。反滲透膜（RO）有(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)去(qu)除率(lv)，但在(zai)去(qu)除有(you)害物質的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)也去(qu)除了(le)水(shui)中(zhong)大(da)量(liang)有(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)無機(ji)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，出(chu)水(shui)呈酸性，不(bu)符合人(ren)體需要(yao)(yao)。而納濾膜（NF）分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)在(zai)有(you)效去(qu)除水(shui)中(zhong)有(you)害物質的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)保留(liu)大(da)多數人(ren)體必須(xu)的(de)(de)(de)無機(ji)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)，且出(chu)水(shui)pH值變(bian)化(hua)不(bu)大(da)。這種(zhong)水(shui)處理方法對于(yu)我國目前的(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)食結構(gou)而言，尤其是(shi)營養結構(gou)單一的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員來說，更易被接受，也更加合理。

為進一步開(kai)發和研(yan)究(jiu)納濾(lv)膜，以便其更(geng)有效地(di)應用于(yu)水(shui)處理，我們安裝了兩種型(xing)號(hao)(hao)的納濾(lv)膜設(she)備(bei)并進行了比較研(yan)究(jiu)，這兩種型(xing)號(hao)(hao)的納濾(lv)膜均(jun)由美國(guo)Trisep公司生產，材質為PA，型(xing)號(hao)(hao)分別(bie)為NF1（NFTS40）和NF7（NFTS80）。

1、納(na)濾膜(mo)的定義及分(fen)離原理(li)

水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)惡(e)苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、干尖線(xian)蟲病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)上(shang)的重(zhong)要種(zhong)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害，目前(qian)本(ben)區種(zhong)植的水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)品種(zhong)均(jun)有惡(e)苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，自然(ran)(ran)株發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)率在(zai)15～25%。干尖線(xian)蟲病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)秋(qiu)優(you)金豐品種(zhong)上(shang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)重(zhong)，自然(ran)(ran)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株率在(zai)15%左(zuo)右，重(zhong)發(fa)田達20%以上(shang)。預計2008年水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)惡(e)苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的自然(ran)(ran)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度為中等偏重(zhong)，干尖線(xian)蟲病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)秋(qiu)優(you)金豐品種(zhong)上(shang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)仍較(jiao)重(zhong)。水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)條紋葉枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)一種(zhong)由帶毒灰(hui)飛虱(shi)(shi)傳毒引起(qi)的病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，預計其自然(ran)(ran)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)程(cheng)度為大發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。根據這三種(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害的發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)特點，種(zhong)子處理是(shi)預防水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)惡(e)苗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、干尖線(xian)蟲病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和灰(hui)飛虱(shi)(shi)傳毒的有效手(shou)段，因此必須做(zuo)好水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)子處理工作，為今(jin)年水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)奪取豐收(shou)打下(xia)良好的基礎，具(ju)體處理技(ji)術如下(xia)：

一、做好(hao)稻種(zhong)精選工作。

應選擇抗病性良好的水稻品種(zhong)，浸(jin)種(zhong)前做(zuo)好選種(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)，清除病、癟谷及(ji)其它雜質(zhi)，然后(hou)暴曬1-2天。

二、藥劑浸(jin)種消毒技(ji)術

1、藥(yao)劑選擇(ze)及藥(yao)量：每(mei)(mei)畝稻(dao)種(zhong)常規(gui)稻(dao)4公(gong)斤(jin)、雜交稻(dao)2公(gong)斤(jin)用(yong)17%菌蟲(chong)清WP30克加10%谷信(xin)來(lai)（吡蟲(chong)啉）WP10克進行浸種(zhong)。秋優金豐品種(zhong)每(mei)(mei)畝另加6%盾清（殺螟丹水(shui)劑）4毫升（2支）。

2、使用方法：先將30克(ke)菌蟲清、10克(ke)吡蟲啉藥粉加(jia)(jia)少(shao)量水(shui)調成糊狀，然后(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)清水(shui)8公斤(jin)均(jun)(jun)勻稀釋，再將精選過(guo)的4公斤(jin)稻種浸(jin)(jin)入(ru)藥液中(zhong)，（若稻種數(shu)量多可(ke)按上述比(bi)例配(pei)制，掌握藥液倍(bei)(bei)數(shu)為250-300倍(bei)(bei)），上下翻動，攪拌均(jun)(jun)勻后(hou)(hou)將浸(jin)(jin)種容器加(jia)(jia)蓋，放(fang)于陰涼避光處；浸(jin)(jin)足(zu)時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)(hou)撈起直接催芽。浸(jin)(jin)種時(shi)間(jian)：日平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫20℃以下時(shi)，浸(jin)(jin)足(zu)60小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)；20℃以上浸(jin)(jin)種48小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)。（申優(you)4號浸(jin)(jin)種時(shi)間(jian)不宜超過(guo)36小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)）。