導(dao)語：如何才能寫好一篇(pian)(pian)高壓(ya)并聯電容器，這就(jiu)需要搜(sou)集整(zheng)理更多的資料和文(wen)獻，歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整(zheng)理的十篇(pian)(pian)范文(wen)，供(gong)你借(jie)鑒。

篇1

【關鍵詞】單星形(xing)接線(xian)雙星形(xing)接線(xian)五(wu)防聯(lian)鎖　放電(dian)線(xian)圈

0　引言

高壓并聯電容器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)主要(yao)用于10kw頻(pin)電力系(xi)統中，進行(xing)無(wu)功(gong)補償(chang)，提高功(gong)率因數(shu)，調(diao)整(zheng)電網電壓(ya)(ya)，充分(fen)發揮設備效率，改善供電質量。在各類新建開(kai)關站建設的(de)同時，老(lao)站改造(zao)項目也(ye)(ye)陸續開(kai)工，高壓(ya)(ya)并(bing)聯電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)需求量將逐年增(zeng)加。相應的(de)對高壓(ya)(ya)并(bing)聯電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)運行(xing)的(de)安全(quan)性、可(ke)靠性也(ye)(ye)提出了更(geng)高的(de)要(yao)求。下(xia)面(mian)針對高壓(ya)(ya)并(bing)聯電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)一次(ci)元件、二次(ci)保(bao)護及(ji)(ji)控制以(yi)及(ji)(ji)五防聯鎖等方面(mian)的(de)問題談談筆者的(de)一些設計思路及(ji)(ji)經驗(yan)。

1　高壓并聯電容器裝置的分(fen)類和應(ying)用

按照(zhao)接(jie)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，高(gao)壓(ya)并聯電(dian)容器裝置(zhi)可分為(wei)單星(xing)形(xing)接(jie)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)雙星(xing)形(xing)接(jie)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)；按照(zhao)安裝方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，高(gao)壓(ya)并聯電(dian)容器裝置(zhi)可分為(wei)背靠背布(bu)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)、單列布(bu)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)和(he)一體(ti)柜布(bu)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。單星(xing)形(xing)接(jie)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)主要(yao)用于有35kV進(jin)線(xian)的用戶項目和(he)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)動機(ji)補償的場合，雙星(xing)形(xing)接(jie)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)用于35kV(110kV)／10kV變電(dian)站中(zhong)。

2　高壓(ya)并聯電容器(qi)裝(zhuang)置的一次(ci)元件

高壓(ya)并聯(lian)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)裝置(zhi)(zhi)須符(fu)合DL／T604-1996《高壓(ya)并聯(lian)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)裝置(zhi)(zhi)訂貨技術條(tiao)件(jian)》和GB50227-95《并聯(lian)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)裝置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)計(ji)規范(fan)》等標準的(de)(de)各(ge)項規定(ding)。一(yi)次(ci)(ci)元(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)整(zheng)套(tao)裝置(zhi)(zhi)中最重要的(de)(de)設(she)備，所以一(yi)次(ci)(ci)元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)質量關系到整(zheng)套(tao)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)安全(quan)運行。高壓(ya)并聯(lian)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)元(yuan)件(jian)主要有：真空斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(真空接觸器(qi)(qi)(qi))、高壓(ya)并聯(lian)電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)、單臺(tai)保護用熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、串(chuan)聯(lian)電抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電流互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、放電線圈和氧化鋅(xin)避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)等。

2.1　高(gao)壓并聯電容器裝(zhuang)置一次元件選型(xing)及部分(fen)參數的(de)確定

(1)真空斷路器(真空接(jie)觸(chu)器)選型：當高壓(ya)并聯電容(rong)器裝置需要頻繁起動時選用(yong)真空接(jie)觸(chu)器，否則選用(yong)真空斷路器。

(2)高壓并(bing)聯電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)確定：裝置電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)應根據變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)或高壓電(dian)機的(de)功率(lv)確定，一般取(qu)容(rong)量(liang)或功率(lv)的(de)(5％-20％)

(3)串(chuan)(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率的確(que)定：確(que)定電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率的經(jing)驗公式是：1／(n次諧波)2。雙星形(xing)接線方(fang)式使用戶外空芯串(chuan)(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率一(yi)般為(wei)1％，單星形(xing)接線方(fang)式使用鐵心串(chuan)(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率一(yi)般為(wei)5％-6％。

2.2　高壓并聯電(dian)容器裝(zhuang)置一次元件常見的問題及解決辦法

(1)整套(tao)裝置噪音大

一(yi)(yi)般有兩種(zhong)情況可能造成(cheng)整(zheng)套裝置噪音(yin)大，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)原因是電抗器質量問題(ti)，另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)原因是電容(rong)器質量問題(ti)，所以(yi)當發(fa)生此(ci)問題(ti)時需到現(xian)場(chang)檢查更換相應元件(jian)，

(2)開口(kou)三角電壓(ya)不平衡經常跳開關(guan)

有兩種(zhong)情況可(ke)能造成開口三角(jiao)電壓不平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)經常跳開關(guan)(guan)(guan)，一種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)是電容器(qi)(qi)壞了，造成開口三角(jiao)電壓不平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)跳開關(guan)(guan)(guan)，另一種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)是電壓互感器(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量不好，互感器(qi)(qi)自(zi)身三相不平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)也有可(ke)能引(yin)起開口三角(jiao)電壓不平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)跳開關(guan)(guan)(guan)；

(3)真空(kong)接觸(chu)器機(ji)械故障

選用真空接觸(chu)器的(de)項目一般都是負(fu)載頻繁變化的(de)場合，所(suo)以接觸(chu)器的(de)運動部位容(rong)易出現問(wen)題，另外(wai)接觸(chu)器的(de)輔助(zhu)觸(chu)點和二次回路的(de)小接觸(chu)器也(ye)容(rong)易燒壞。

3　高壓(ya)并聯電容器(qi)裝置(zhi)的二次保護(hu)及控制

高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)并聯(lian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)二次保(bao)護：單星(xing)(xing)型接(jie)線(xian)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)并聯(lian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)采用開(kai)口三角(jiao)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)跳閘保(bao)護，雙(shuang)星(xing)(xing)型接(jie)線(xian)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)并聯(lian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)采用中性點(dian)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護，而不(bu)(bu)管采用單星(xing)(xing)型接(jie)線(xian)還是雙(shuang)星(xing)(xing)型接(jie)線(xian)，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)需裝(zhuang)三只放電(dian)燈，在(zai)停電(dian)檢(jian)修時(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降至50V所經過的(de)(de)時(shi)間應在(zai)5s以內；過電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護跳閘上級電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)出線(xian)開(kai)關。

高(gao)壓并聯(lian)電容器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)二次控(kong)制：雙(shuang)星(xing)型接(jie)線一般用(yong)定時鐘控(kong)制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)分合閘，單(dan)星(xing)型接(jie)線一般用(yong)ABB公司的(de)(de)RVC控(kong)制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)電容器投切(qie)。

4　高壓并聯電容器裝置的五防聯鎖(suo)

高壓并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)容器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)五防聯(lian)(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)分為機(ji)械(xie)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)和電(dian)(dian)氣聯(lian)(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)。機(ji)械(xie)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)一(yi)般有兩種(zhong)做(zuo)法(fa)，一(yi)種(zhong)做(zuo)法(fa)是(shi)當裝(zhuang)置(zhi)內(nei)的(de)隔離(li)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關分閘且(qie)接地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關合閘時(shi)(shi)才(cai)能打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)前后(hou)門(men)，另一(yi)種(zhong)做(zuo)法(fa)是(shi)在(zai)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)前后(hou)門(men)上(shang)安裝(zhuang)專用螺栓，當裝(zhuang)置(zhi)進線(xian)(xian)(xian)柜進線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜停電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)才(cai)能用專用工具打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)前后(hou)門(men)；電(dian)(dian)氣聯(lian)(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)是(shi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)進線(xian)(xian)(xian)柜前后(hou)門(men)安裝(zhuang)強閉鎖(suo)，當上(shang)級(ji)接地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關合閘時(shi)(shi)才(cai)能打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)進線(xian)(xian)(xian)柜前后(hou)門(men)，當高壓并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)容器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)進線(xian)(xian)(xian)柜前后(hou)門(men)關上(shang)時(shi)(shi)才(cai)能分開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)上(shang)級(ji)接地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關。

5　高壓并聯電容器(qi)裝(zhuang)置安裝(zhuang)時應注意(yi)的問(wen)題

現場人(ren)員(yuan)必須經安(an)(an)全(quan)培訓(xun)，有上崗證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)才允許(xu)進站，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時嚴禁攀拉套管(guan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前應進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)分配，使各(ge)串聯段的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)與(yu)(yu)最小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值之比不(bu)超過(guo)1.02，相(xiang)(xiang)與(yu)(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)之間的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)與(yu)(yu)最小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值之比不(bu)超過(guo)1.02。連接(jie)(jie)(jie)油浸式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)母線須采(cai)用(yong)軟導(dao)線，干式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器用(yong)硬母線，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器布置(zhi)應銘牌向外(wai)(wai)，以便檢查，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器一次接(jie)(jie)(jie)線樁頭(tou)與(yu)(yu)鋁排接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)用(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼螺絲固定，鋁排搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)面需去氧化皮，刷導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)膏后緊(jin)固。Y形接(jie)(jie)(jie)線的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓互感器接(jie)(jie)(jie)一次線時A相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)高壓母線，N相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)性(xing)點(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓互感器不(bu)用(yong)熔絲；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)結束后需沾(zhan)示(shi)溫片(pian)：黃色(se)為60度沾(zhan)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(上)2／3處l綠(lv)色(se)為70度、紅色(se)為80度，紅綠(lv)配對使用(yong)，沾(zhan)于母線的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器為三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)疊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時中(zhong)間要墊橡皮墊，用(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼螺絲固定，緊(jin)固螺絲時要注意力度，以免拉壞瓷(ci)瓶(ping)。

6　高壓并聯(lian)電容器裝置在運行和維(wei)護時應注意(yi)的問題

(1)新安裝的或停運時間較長的裝置(zhi)，在使用前必須進行耐壓試驗，試驗前后(hou)應檢測電容量；電容量有明顯變(bian)化，則不能投入使用，待查明原(yuan)因(yin)處理后(hou)方可投入。

(2)裝置投入前，應用(yong)兆歐表測量放電回(hui)路是否良好。

(3)裝置投(tou)入時，應每天(tian)巡視檢查，若(ruo)發現電容器(qi)箱殼(ke)明顯(xian)膨脹，外熔絲熔斷或其它異常(chang)現象應停止(zhi)使用，待查明原因(yin)處(chu)理(li)后方可(ke)投(tou)入。

(4)裝置自斷(duan)電后(hou)，電容器組(zu)雖(sui)通過放電回路放電，但當檢(jian)修人員接(jie)觸(chu)時(shi)，必須先掛上(shang)專用接(jie)地線，方可接(jie)觸(chu)、維護保養。

(5)電(dian)容器組(zu)自回路(lu)斷開(kai)后，1min內不得重新投(tou)入。

(6)新裝的(de)裝置(zhi)在投入前應(ying)做好各部(bu)分的(de)清(qing)潔工作，運行一段時(shi)間后裝置(zhi)也應(ying)定期清(qing)除污垢。

篇2

關鍵詞：帶故障投切；電容(rong)器組；群爆(bao)分析

中圖分類號：TM53 文獻標(biao)識碼：A 文章編號：1009-2374（2014）04-0133-02

1 缺陷情況

2012年(nian)(nian)9月25日，某(mou)110kV變電(dian)站10kV#2電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組517開關在(zai)14時(shi)01分59秒485毫秒發生(sheng)限時(shi)電(dian)流速(su)斷三相動作跳(tiao)閘(zha)故障，且在(zai)15時(shi)02分12秒373毫秒零序差流動作，經現場檢(jian)查后發現#2電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組已發生(sheng)群爆(bao)，表面已爆(bao)毀了21條熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)，中性點(dian)CT爆(bao)裂，三相母排均有不(bu)同程度的燒蝕(shi)及彎曲，必須(xu)停電(dian)進行(xing)消缺工(gong)作以恢復(fu)供電(dian)。#2電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組型號為(wei)：TBB10-6000/200-BL，電(dian)容單元型號為(wei)：BAM411/√3-200-1W，生(sheng)產(chan)日期2002年(nian)(nian)12月和2003年(nian)(nian)3月。

2 原因分析

2.1 諧波情況(kuang)分析(xi)

經過(guo)調查(cha)#2電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)一些情(qing)況：（1）該組(zu)安裝(zhuang)了熔(rong)斷(duan)特(te)性一致蘇杭(hang)電(dian)氣勝天熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)廠生產的(de)(de)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；（2）系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)運(yun)行長(chang)期(qi)基本對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)；（3）在變電(dian)站(zhan)裝(zhuang)設了消諧(xie)裝(zhuang)置；（4）華南理工(gong)大(da)學電(dian)力學院2010年9月和2011年1月對(dui)(dui)該站(zhan)測量電(dian)網(wang)中高(gao)次(ci)諧(xie)波成(cheng)分(fen)結果沒有超(chao)標；（5）電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)中性點沒有直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)地(di)。從以上情(qing)況看出(chu)，可以排除熔(rong)斷(duan)特(te)性不一致的(de)(de)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)運(yun)行不對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)、高(gao)次(ci)諧(xie)波成(cheng)分(fen)高(gao)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)共(gong)振(zhen)、由(you)于(yu)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)中性點直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)同時，發生10kV單相接(jie)(jie)地(di)等因素造成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)群爆。

2.2 保護動作(zuo)情況分析(xi)

據調(diao)查了解，該站電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護形式為(wei)熔斷器(qi)和繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護的方(fang)式，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護的動作(zuo)(zuo)原理均是由故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)在故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)容(rong)變化，使故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)支(zhi)路與非故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)支(zhi)路之(zhi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)產生不(bu)平(ping)衡而動作(zuo)(zuo)的，當電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)發生特別迅(xun)速時，繼電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護如(ru)不(bu)能快(kuai)速反應就(jiu)可能無法避(bi)免外殼(ke)爆裂。從保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護信息反映，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)發生時，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護動作(zuo)(zuo)正確，排(pai)除(chu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組接線錯誤(wu)和保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護動作(zuo)(zuo)失靈的

原因。

2.3 繼保整定值方(fang)面分(fen)析

#2電(dian)容器組(zu)(zu)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)二(er)次(ci)(ci)整(zheng)定值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)2A，此定值(zhi)(zhi)是根據南(nan)網及廣東電(dian)網公司相關的(de)標準來(lai)整(zheng)定，從多年來(lai)的(de)運行(xing)實際經驗，電(dian)容器組(zu)(zu)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)二(er)次(ci)(ci)整(zheng)定值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)2A是可(ke)行(xing)的(de)，且此次(ci)(ci)故障(zhang)也反映出保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動作是正確的(de)。

2.4 故障原因(yin)綜合分析

綜(zong)合以上種(zhong)種(zhong)分(fen)析和推理，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的速斷(duan)(duan)保護(hu)動作(zuo)，可以推斷(duan)(duan)出在電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)內部發生(sheng)了(le)相間(jian)短路(lu)。首(shou)先#2電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)A相某只電(dian)(dian)(dian)容極間(jian)接(jie)通造(zao)成(cheng)短路(lu)，導(dao)致了(le)相間(jian)母(mu)(mu)線短路(lu)，其(qi)結果造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的速斷(duan)(duan)保護(hu)動作(zuo)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)中未經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)極間(jian)短接(jie)部分(fen)，通過熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、母(mu)(mu)線經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的短路(lu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，導(dao)致了(le)的熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)部分(fen)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)即“群爆”。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)投切過(guo)程(cheng)和(he)長期運(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)，元件中(zhong)的(de)個別弱(ruo)點會老化(hua)擴(kuo)大，甚至個別元件導致(zhi)擊(ji)穿，出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量超差或絕(jue)緣性能不良等故障(zhang)(zhang)。因此在(zai)上次保護動作后(hou)，必須對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)進行檢(jian)查和(he)檢(jian)測，防止(zhi)帶故障(zhang)(zhang)單元投運(yun)(yun)。特(te)別是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)合閘過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，產生過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)擊(ji)穿嚴重和(he)故障(zhang)(zhang)擴(kuo)大。

帶故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單元合(he)閘，合(he)閘過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單元進一步擊穿(chuan)短路(lu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，相鄰(lin)完好的(de)多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)大(da)量儲能（此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為合(he)閘過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高許多其(qi)(qi)儲能更大(da)）通(tong)過(guo)其(qi)(qi)串(chuan)接的(de)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)串(chuan)接在(zai)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)熔器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)斷(duan)(duan)迅速(su)(su)注入故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，產生巨大(da)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動作(zuo)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)開斷(duan)(duan)性能不良，不能迅速(su)(su)切除故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，造成熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)群爆(bao)，巨大(da)的(de)能量使(shi)(shi)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)炸飛、到處(chu)閃絡放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、巨大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動力(li)造成母線彎(wan)折、瓷(ci)瓶(ping)燒傷炸壞(huai)，使(shi)(shi)故(gu)障(zhang)擴大(da)，甚(shen)至造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)炸。

由于(yu)單臺BAM411/√3-200-1W電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)沒有內(nei)熔(rong)(rong)絲，采用1.5倍額(e)定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的50A外(wai)熔(rong)(rong)絲以(yi)及中性點(dian)(dian)不平衡電(dian)流(liu)(liu)來實現保護(hu)，只有當(dang)單臺內(nei)部元(yuan)件擊穿達(da)到一定數(shu)量時，熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)才能完(wan)全切除故障(zhang)單元(yuan)，此(ci)時的故障(zhang)單元(yuan)已(yi)處于(yu)完(wan)全損壞或(huo)過電(dian)流(liu)(liu)運行狀態(tai)，而中性點(dian)(dian)不平衡電(dian)流(liu)(liu)（零序電(dian)流(liu)(liu)）保護(hu)整定值取得(de)過大(da)也為(wei)帶病(bing)單元(yuan)超負(fu)荷運行提供條件，在沒有全部檢(jian)查電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)單元(yuan)就以(yi)更換外(wai)熔(rong)(rong)絲投入(ru)運行，將加速(su)(su)故障(zhang)單元(yuan)內(nei)部元(yuan)件損壞和絕緣下(xia)降(jiang)，導(dao)致極間(jian)瞬(shun)間(jian)短路和故障(zhang)相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降(jiang)，完(wan)好(hao)相(xiang)序電(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高，從而引起相(xiang)間(jian)放(fang)電(dian)，完(wan)好(hao)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的大(da)量儲能迅(xun)速(su)(su)注入(ru)故障(zhang)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)，最(zui)終導(dao)致熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)群(qun)爆，中性點(dian)(dian)瞬(shun)時的大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)使得(de)CT還未躲過保護(hu)延(yan)時時間(jian)就發生爆炸，從而將事故擴(kuo)大(da)。

根據(ju)調取的(de)(de)保護(hu)信息，發生(sheng)故障(zhang)時#2電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)限時電(dian)流(liu)(liu)速斷(duan)(duan)三相動作Ia=8.18A；#3電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)限時電(dian)流(liu)(liu)速斷(duan)(duan)三相動作Ia=7.64A。所用的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)(qi)變比為(wei)500：1，計算可知當時一次(ci)的(de)(de)故障(zhang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)達4000A，而熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)極限開斷(duan)(duan)工頻電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)1800A，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)在高(gao)達4000A的(de)(de)故障(zhang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，必(bi)然導致非(fei)正常熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)，發生(sheng)如下圖1所示的(de)(de)爆(bao)毀(hui)現象。

3 處理對策

更換(huan)#2電容(rong)(rong)器組故障電容(rong)(rong)器及(ji)其保險以(yi)及(ji)中性點CT，修復母排并家對電容(rong)(rong)器組不(bu)平衡保護電流整定值進行(xing)計算校驗后各項條件均(jun)為合格，故障消(xiao)除，取(qu)得了很好的效果，可以(yi)恢復運行(xing)。

4 結語

發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)中性(xing)點CT保護(hu)動作后，應全(quan)面(mian)檢查全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)元，在確認(ren)無故(gu)障(zhang)后才能(neng)(neng)投(tou)入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，帶(dai)故(gu)障(zhang)單(dan)元投(tou)入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)會引起事故(gu)擴大甚至引發(fa)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)群爆現(xian)象，當(dang)單(dan)只電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)燒斷(duan)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)感測(ce)試(shi)儀方(fang)便地檢測(ce)全(quan)部單(dan)元，及時(shi)發(fa)現(xian)其他可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)有缺陷的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，并進行更換(huan)，從而將(jiang)安全(quan)隱患及時(shi)消除。

參考文獻

[1] 倪學鋒，盛國(guo)釗，林浩.我國(guo)電(dian)力電(dian)容器的運行與改進建議[J].電(dian)力設(she)備，2004，（9）.

[2] 劉(liu)文山，徐林鋒，周菲(fei).廣(guang)東電網電力電容器運行統計分析[J].電力電容器與無(wu)功補償，2008，（4）.

篇3

【關鍵詞】串(chuan)聯電抗器；消除諧(xie)波；電抗率

1、前言

500kV惠(hui)州(zhou)站裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為系統無功補(bu)償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置,為了消除系統諧(xie)波(bo)及(ji)限制(zhi)合(he)閘(zha)涌流在高壓(ya)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置中(zhong)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)了電抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),然而(er)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)絕不能(neng)任意組(zu)合(he),在實際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)由于電抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)參(can)數配置、接(jie)線方式(shi)、保(bao)護方面存在問(wen)題(ti),導致了電抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)異響、燒毀、諧(xie)波(bo)放大等事故。因(yin)此，通過對500kV惠(hui)州(zhou)站并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的選擇(ze)和作用(yong)進行分(fen)析(xi)介紹，以(yi)便(bian)讓讀者對串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的作用(yong)和參(can)數選擇(ze)有一(yi)個更為清(qing)晰的了解。

2、基本情況介紹

500kV惠州站在3臺主變的35kV側分別裝有3組并(bing)聯電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)裝置，其裝設的容(rong)量(liang)為主變容(rong)量(liang)的16%，并(bing)聯電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組采用雙星型接線方式（每相(xiang)電(dian)容(rong)為五并(bing)四串(chuan)）[2]，雙星型同相(xiang)并(bing)接后再串(chuan)聯電(dian)抗器(qi)。（如(ru)圖1所示）

串聯電抗器參數均(jun)滿(man)足限制(zhi)涌流(liu)的要求。

4、消除系統諧波

在電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統中, 電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)所(suo)產生的高次諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流將引起(qi)系(xi)統中電(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)形(xing)的畸變, 是(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)的又一(yi)公(gong)害, 它將嚴重影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組的正常運(yun)行, 由此必須采用加裝串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)的辦法對諧波(bo)加以抑制(zhi)。眾所(suo)周知(zhi), 串(chuan)入電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)后, 對基(ji)波(bo)來講(jiang)不(bu)會有大的影響(xiang), 但(dan)對諧波(bo)來說卻發生了很(hen)大的變化(hua), 這些非正弦波(bo)形(xing)可以用數學分析的方法分解(jie)成工頻的基(ji)波(bo)和各種倍(bei)數頻率的諧波(bo)。但(dan)對電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)來講(jiang), 一(yi)般不(bu)存在偶次倍(bei)數的諧波(bo)。因此主要考慮3、5、7、11、13 等次諧波(bo)的影響(xiang)。根據公(gong)式：

當電(dian)容(rong)裝置(zhi)接(jie)入處(chu)的背(bei)景諧波為3次(ci)，且含量已超過或接(jie)近標準時，宜選用12%串聯電(dian)抗器。

當電(dian)容裝置接入(ru)處的(de)(de)背景(jing)諧波(bo)以(yi)(yi)3、5次為(wei)主，且兩(liang)者(zhe)含量(liang)均較大（其中(zhong)之一已超過(guo)或接近標準時(shi)），宜(yi)采(cai)用12%與4.5%～6%兩(liang)種電(dian)抗率混裝方(fang)式(shi)，以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)抑(yi)制3次諧波(bo)放(fang)大為(wei)前提（據驗算，串(chuan)接12%電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組容量(liang)大于總裝置容量(liang)的(de)(de)15%即(ji)可。詳見文(wen)獻［4］）。該方(fang)案的(de)(de)優點是(shi)比全部串(chuan)接12%方(fang)案可降(jiang)低無功與有功損耗，缺點是(shi)對投切程(cheng)序必須先投12%的(de)(de)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組，再(zai)投低電(dian)抗率的(de)(de)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組，切除則相反。

5、總結

由(you)以上分析可知(zhi)，500kV惠州(zhou)站并聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組中串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)參數選擇是滿足系(xi)統關于(yu)限制涌流(liu)和消除諧(xie)波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)。出于(yu)降低有(you)功及無(wu)功的(de)(de)(de)損耗，系(xi)統中3、5次諧(xie)波(bo)對系(xi)統危害及裕(yu)度考慮，第(di)I組并聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)中串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)了12.1%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率，第(di)II,III組并聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)中串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)了5.34%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率。但我們要(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是，平時我們在投入電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)時，必須(xu)先投入第(di)I組，后投II,III組，不然II，III組電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)中串(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)無(wu)法消除3次諧(xie)波(bo)會引起事(shi)故，切電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)時，次序相反。

【參考文獻】

［1］張全(quan)元 ．《變電(dian)運行現場技術問答》 中國電(dian)力出(chu)版社，2003（7）

［2］楊萬青 . 《500kV惠州站現(xian)場運行規程》 廣東電網惠州供(gong)電局，2007（5）

［3］楊昌興，華水榮 .《關于串聯電抗器選用疑題(ti)的剖(pou)析》 電力電容器 ，2001（4）

［4］邱(qiu)關源(yuan).《電路》 高等教育(yu)出(chu)版社，1999（6）

篇4

關鍵詞：特高壓變電站；無功補償裝置；電容器組(zu)

DOI：10.16640/ki.37-1222/t.2016.14.149

0 前言

特高(gao)壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低壓(ya)側(ce)無功補償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)主要由兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen)構成，分(fen)別為(wei)并聯電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器與并聯電(dian)(dian)抗器。對于(yu)特高(gao)壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低壓(ya)側(ce)無功補償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)方面，進行(xing)多次的實驗證明，最終(zhong)確(que)定在110kv的等級(ji)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)內部(bu)(bu)的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)在系統專業(ye)性分(fen)析后也調整為(wei)210Mvar。特高(gao)壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低壓(ya)側(ce)無功補償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)在接線形(xing)式及故障保(bao)護等方面需要大(da)量技術作為(wei)支撐，這其中有較多是我國自主研發設計(ji)的。

1 特高(gao)壓變電站低壓側(ce)無功(gong)補償(chang)裝置(zhi)的技術原則

1.1 電壓原則

特高壓(ya)(ya)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低壓(ya)(ya)側無功補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)設(she)計中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)定為(wei)132kv，提(ti)出(chu)該項數據的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)是因(yin)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)提(ti)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流數據就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以適當減低，這樣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)在實際使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)我國(guo)(guo)向他國(guo)(guo)出(chu)口的(de)產品。但(dan)是，我國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)管理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)并沒有(you)(you)該等級(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)數值，想要(yao)(yao)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設(she)計為(wei)132kv就(jiu)(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)將配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)全部重新設(she)計，我國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關文件中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)求如果配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行重新設(she)計，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)重新建立相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)管理(li)制度及安全標準，這樣就(jiu)(jiu)會帶出(chu)一系列的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力問題。因(yin)此在多(duo)次研究中(zhong)(zhong)最終確認電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)110kv，我國(guo)(guo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)110kv的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)，并且在實際運行及管理(li)方面已經有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)關經驗。

1.2 容量原則

特(te)高壓(ya)變電站低壓(ya)側無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中(zhong)的設備間使用的是分(fen)組容量形式，最開始設計的容量值為240Mvar，但是這種(zhong)容量在于110kv電壓(ya)共(gong)同運(yun)行(xing)的情況下，回路電力與額定電流(liu)在相互協(xie)同運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)存在一定難度，經過科(ke)研人員多次調(diao)整(zheng)計算(suan)，最終將容量調(diao)整(zheng)為210Mvar，這樣容量在于電壓(ya)協(xie)同工作中(zhong)就(jiu)不會造成(cheng)電流(liu)的不協(xie)調(diao)運(yun)行(xing)，保證(zheng)特(te)高壓(ya)變電站低壓(ya)側無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的正常(chang)運(yun)轉[1]。

1.3 中性(xing)點接地形(xing)式

1.3.1 直接(jie)接(jie)地形式(shi)

使(shi)用(yong)直接(jie)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)形式最大的(de)(de)好處就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)已(yi)經有(you)(you)相(xiang)當(dang)多的(de)(de)經驗可以進行(xing)參考。我(wo)國(guo)在110kv電壓(ya)等(deng)級建(jian)設中使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)形式主要就(jiu)是(shi)直接(jie)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)，對于(yu)設備的(de)(de)絕緣性及重(zhong)要參數方面都可以直接(jie)在已(yi)經設計成型的(de)(de)產品中選擇，并且這(zhe)些(xie)產品在供貨(huo)及售后(hou)方面都可以進行(xing)保證。直接(jie)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)形式使(shi)用(yong)中也會出現一些(xie)問題，如果帶相(xiang)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)放生(sheng)故(gu)障時，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)開關馬上就(jiu)會發生(sheng)跳閘情況，并且跳閘的(de)(de)次數將遠遠高于(yu)不(bu)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)方式多。無功補償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)中具有(you)(you)一個特殊點就(jiu)是(shi)在第3組中沒有(you)(you)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)點，使(shi)用(yong)連接(jie)的(de)(de)是(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，如果這(zhe)個變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)出現問題就(jiu)需要重(zhong)新對于(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)進行(xing)設計分析，增(zeng)加(jia)了裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)設計中的(de)(de)成本。

1.3.2 不接地(di)形式

使(shi)(shi)用(yong)不(bu)接(jie)地(di)形(xing)式最(zui)大的(de)(de)好處就是裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置內的(de)(de)特殊(shu)變(bian)壓器沒(mei)有中(zhong)性(xing)接(jie)點，并且在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際操作中(zhong)已經(jing)具(ju)有一(yi)定(ding)經(jing)驗。不(bu)接(jie)地(di)形(xing)式在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際設計中(zhong)不(bu)需要安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)具(ju)有過渡性(xing)質的(de)(de)變(bian)壓器，大大降低了無功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)經(jing)濟成本，在(zai)(zai)電力系統的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)中(zhong)，不(bu)接(jie)地(di)形(xing)式的(de)(de)電力系統單(dan)相方(fang)面發生故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)個小時內不(bu)退(tui)出運行，這樣方(fang)便裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置維(wei)修人員對(dui)于故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)查找(zhao)。不(bu)接(jie)地(di)形(xing)式在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)也(ye)存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)些問(wen)題，例如斷(duan)路器中(zhong)的(de)(de)電流情況難以掌握[2]。

 2 特高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)變電站低(di)壓(ya)(ya)側無功補(bu)償裝置中的并聯(lian)電容器(qi)

2.1 電容器接線方式

特高(gao)壓變電(dian)站(zhan)所使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)容器組具(ju)有(you)容量較(jiao)大、電(dian)容器單(dan)臺數(shu)較(jiao)多的特點，根基安全(quan)設計(ji)第(di)一(yi)的原則(ze)，傳統(tong)的雙星(xing)、單(dan)星(xing)、多星(xing)接線(xian)方式(shi)(shi)已(yi)經(jing)并不適用(yong)(yong)了，在多次(ci)研究(jiu)后確認使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)接線(xian)的方式(shi)(shi)為(wei)每相(xiang)(xiang)雙橋差接線(xian)形式(shi)(shi)。每相(xiang)(xiang)雙橋差接線(xian)方式(shi)(shi)可以提升裝置在實(shi)際(ji)運行中的安全(quan)穩定(ding)指數(shu)，保證保護動作(zuo)的靈(ling)活性。每相(xiang)(xiang)雙橋差接線(xian)方式(shi)(shi)在我國電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)中是(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，國際(ji)中也并沒有(you)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)記錄，因此在實(shi)際(ji)操作(zuo)中并沒有(you)經(jing)驗可以參考。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)這種接線(xian)方式(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)電(dian)容器的特殊性質。

2.2 保護形式

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)無(wu)功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)保護要(yao)求為：對(dui)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)中的(de)每一(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)體都應該(gai)擊穿，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可承(cheng)受的(de)范(fan)內(nei)，將(jiang)存(cun)在安(an)全故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)元件(jian)停運(yun)(yun)。因(yin)此(ci)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)保護方式主要(yao)分為三種(zhong)，分別(bie)為內(nei)熔(rong)絲、外熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)、內(nei)熔(rong)絲動作隔離(li)。無(wu)功(gong)補償裝(zhuang)置中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)由多(duo)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)體組(zu)成的(de)，在實際運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)只能怪需要(yao)協同工作，也(ye)需要(yao)單(dan)獨(du)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)將(jiang)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)或者(zhe)整體電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)元件(jian)擊穿也(ye)是(shi)經常發生的(de)事(shi)情，能夠出(chu)現一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，但是(shi)絕對(dui)不(bu)能出(chu)現因(yin)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)影響這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)問題，這(zhe)樣(yang)會(hui)嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)[3]。

3 無功補償(chang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中的(de)并聯電抗器裝(zhuang)置(zhi)

3.1 接線方式

并聯電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)裝置所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)接線方式還是傳統的(de)單星形(xing)不接地方式，這種接線方式與電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)66kv一(yi)下的(de)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)接線形(xing)式完(wan)全一(yi)樣，并沒有什么特殊性。

3.2 安裝布置

對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器的(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)布(bu)置主要(yao)(yao)有兩種形式(shi)，分別為垂直(zhi)疊(die)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和水(shui)平并(bing)放。垂直(zhi)疊(die)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方式(shi)需要(yao)(yao)在繞組間添加絕緣(yuan)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置，這種裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)缺點就是(shi)高(gao)度(du)較高(gao)，支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置需要(yao)(yao)將電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)全(quan)部承受，對(dui)于機械強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求較為嚴苛，增(zeng)加了電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟成本。選擇水(shui)平并(bing)放的(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)形式(shi)，對(dui)于支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)機械強度(du)要(yao)(yao)求便沒有那么嚴苛，甚(shen)至可以(yi)取消支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置，但(dan)是(shi)這種安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方式(shi)對(dui)于場地有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)償裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置中的(de)(de)(de)體積需要(yao)(yao)適當增(zeng)加，讓電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器水(shui)平可以(yi)進行安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)并(bing)留有空間。

4 結論

本(ben)文所確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)變電站低(di)壓(ya)(ya)側無功(gong)補(bu)償裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)數，都能夠將特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)變電站在(zai)實際運行中的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求滿(man)足，保證裝置(zhi)(zhi)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定及安全，讓無功(gong)補(bu)償裝置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)高電壓(ya)(ya)及低(di)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)都可以暫時接受(shou)，降低(di)特(te)(te)(te)高壓(ya)(ya)變電站出現問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性。

參考文獻：

[1]黃元生，崔(cui)勇，洪浩，鄧佳佳，尹璽(xi).特(te)高壓變(bian)電(dian)站無功(gong)裝置主斷(duan)路(lu)器合閘控制(zhi)優化(hua)改進及效益評估[J].高壓電(dian)器，2013（06）：57-61.

篇5

7.1.1 油浸箔(bo)式高(gao)電(dian)壓并(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)力電(dian)容器單元的結構及制(zhi)造

高電(dian)(dian)壓并聯電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器通(tong)常為油(you)浸式(shi)，其(qi)極板由(you)鋁(lv)箔構成(cheng)，故(gu)稱油(you)浸箔式(shi)。主(zhu)要由(you)元件(jian)(jian)、絕(jue)緣件(jian)(jian)、連接件(jian)(jian)、出線套管和箱殼(ke)等(deng)組成(cheng)，有的電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器內部還裝設(she)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和熔(rong)絲。

電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣件(jian)等制造和裝配均在(zai)高度潔(jie)凈(jing)（不(bu)劣于10000級）的環境中進(jin)行(xing)，然后按工(gong)藝要求對組裝好的電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器進(jin)行(xing)嚴格的真空(kong)干燥處理，除去內部的水分(fen)、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)等，并用(yong)經過(guo)凈(jing)化處理的絕(jue)緣油進(jin)行(xing)充分(fen)的浸漬，然后進(jin)行(xing)封口，使(shi)(shi)內外(wai)隔絕(jue)，防(fang)止介質受大氣(qi)(qi)、水分(fen)作(zuo)用(yong)而發(fa)生絕(jue)緣性能降低和早期老(lao)化，影響電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)可靠性。

下面(mian)對(dui)電力(li)電容器的主(zhu)要部件作(zuo)一些介紹：

（1）元件

元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)單元(yuan)(yuan)，它是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)被它隔開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)所構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)。高壓(ya)(ya)并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)通常由(you)(you)兩張鋁(lv)(lv)箔作(zuo)極(ji)(ji)板、中間夾多層薄(bo)層固體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)卷繞后壓(ya)(ya)扁而(er)成(cheng)。隱箔插(cha)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，其極(ji)(ji)板利用率高，制(zhi)作(zuo)工藝簡單。但由(you)(you)于在鋁(lv)(lv)箔邊(bian)(bian)緣和(he)(he)(he)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)上常有(you)肉(rou)眼看不見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)刺和(he)(he)(he)尖(jian)角，使(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)及引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)出部(bu)位局(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場集中，在過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場集中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方會首(shou)先發生局(ju)部(bu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為了防止早期(qi)損壞，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)只(zhi)能(neng)在較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)度下工作(zuo)。鋁(lv)(lv)箔凸(tu)出折(zhe)邊(bian)(bian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)是(shi)(shi)針(zhen)對隱箔插(cha)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)而(er)作(zuo)出改(gai)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。兩張鋁(lv)(lv)箔分別向一(yi)邊(bian)(bian)凸(tu)出于固體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)層之外，鋁(lv)(lv)箔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)邊(bian)(bian)則向內(nei)折(zhe)邊(bian)(bian)，處于固體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)層邊(bian)(bian)緣之內(nei)。元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)不插(cha)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)，而(er)由(you)(you)凸(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)箔引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)出和(he)(he)(he)導入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這樣就可基本(ben)消除邊(bian)(bian)緣鋁(lv)(lv)箔和(he)(he)(he)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)刺和(he)(he)(he)尖(jian)角對局(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不良影響，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)部(bu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)起始(shi)、熄滅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)得到(dao)提高。由(you)(you)于與插(cha)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)比(bi)(bi)較，元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路徑(jing)大大縮短，并消除了引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)片(pian)(pian)與鋁(lv)(lv)箔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，所以(yi)這種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗更低。鋁(lv)(lv)箔凸(tu)出折(zhe)邊(bian)(bian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，其局(ju)部(bu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)起始(shi)場強(qiang)比(bi)(bi)不折(zhe)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)高23%～43%。

美國Cooper公司從(cong)(cong)上世紀90年代開始采用經(jing)(jing)激(ji)光分切的鋁(lv)(lv)箔設計(ji)、制造(zao)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。鋁(lv)(lv)箔經(jing)(jing)激(ji)光分切后，邊緣呈圓柱。這(zhe)種構造(zao)同樣有利于降低鋁(lv)(lv)箔邊緣部位電(dian)(dian)介質和(he)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)強度，從(cong)(cong)而提高電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)。

（2）箱殼 （3）套管(guan)和(he)導(dao)電桿

線路(lu)端子(zi)采(cai)用瓷質(zhi)的(de)油(you)絕緣套(tao)(tao)管(guan)，外部(bu)采(cai)取多個(ge)傘裙的(de)形式(shi)(shi)以增長爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)。表(biao)(biao)面涂釉燒結，其機(ji)械強度、工(gong)頻擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、外表(biao)(biao)干閃絡(luo)(luo)、濕(shi)閃絡(luo)(luo)和(he)內腔油(you)中閃絡(luo)(luo)距離(li)均應(ying)在套(tao)(tao)管(guan)設計時(shi)予(yu)以充分考慮。載(zai)(zai)流導(dao)(dao)(dao)體即(ji)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桿(gan)采(cai)用銅棒，導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桿(gan)上端有(you)螺(luo)紋，下端焊有(you)銅絞線，載(zai)(zai)流密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)度一般不超過2.5A/mm2，銅絞線在套(tao)(tao)管(guan)腔內與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器心子(zi)出線連(lian)接(jie)，表(biao)(biao)面有(you)紙(zhi)層或紙(zhi)管(guan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)。制(zhi)造工(gong)藝良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器，套(tao)(tao)管(guan)內腔應(ying)基本上充滿絕緣油(you)。套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桿(gan)及套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)箱殼連(lian)接(jie)目前有(you)兩種方式(shi)(shi)，即(ji)釬焊式(shi)(shi)和(he)裝配式(shi)(shi)。裝配式(shi)(shi)是將套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桿(gan)法(fa)蘭及套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)箱殼的(de)連(lian)接(jie)部(bu)位(wei)制(zhi)作成密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)構，嵌入(ru)橡(xiang)膠密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈加力(li)(li)(li)壓(ya)入(ru)，并注入(ru)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)膠。套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)桿(gan)及套(tao)(tao)管(guan)與(yu)箱殼連(lian)接(jie)部(bu)位(wei)強度不可能(neng)很高，在搬(ban)運、安裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器時(shi)，應(ying)盡量避免直接(jie)受力(li)(li)(li)，嚴禁拎套(tao)(tao)管(guan)。外部(bu)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器線路(lu)端子(zi)的(de)連(lian)線應(ying)采(cai)用軟導(dao)(dao)(dao)線，以免硬質(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)排熱脹冷縮時(shi)產生(sheng)(sheng)應(ying)力(li)(li)(li)而破壞套(tao)(tao)管(guan)部(bu)位(wei)的(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)，從而導(dao)(dao)(dao)致因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)問(wen)題而發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)漏油(you)現象。

（4）絕緣件

電力電容(rong)器內部的絕緣(yuan)件(jian)(jian)主要由電纜紙及電工紙板經剪切、沖孔、彎折而制成，由其構成元件(jian)(jian)間、元件(jian)(jian)組間、心(xin)子對(dui)(dui)箱殼間、引出線對(dui)(dui)箱殼間、內部熔(rong)絲對(dui)(dui)元件(jian)(jian)間等處(chu)的絕緣(yuan)。絕緣(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的制作應在凈化環境下進行(xing)。

（5）內部熔絲

并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)用內部(bu)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)是設置在電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)的(de)有選擇性的(de)限(xian)流熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)，設置方法是每個(ge)元(yuan)件(jian)一(yi)個(ge)，故也稱(cheng)為元(yuan)件(jian)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)。內部(bu)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)的(de)動作是由(you)元(yuan)件(jian)擊穿(chuan)引起(qi)的(de)，通過(guo)元(yuan)件(jian)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)動作將故障元(yuan)件(jian)瞬時斷開，從(cong)而使該電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)單元(yuan)的(de)其余部(bu)分以及接有該電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)單元(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組繼續運行。外部(bu)并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)數量和電(dian)(dian)源系統可達到的(de)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流不影響內部(bu)熔(rong)(rong)絲(si)的(de)限(xian)流。

應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)：內部熔絲對電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器內部連線之間(jian)的(de)短路或帶電(dian)部分與外殼之間(jian)的(de)短路不提(ti)供(gong)保(bao)護。

目(mu)前尚(shang)無對元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)熔(rong)絲(si)額定電(dian)流(liu)的定義(yi)及相應的試驗方法。在設(she)計中(zhong)通常采用比(bi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)最大(da)(da)電(dian)流(liu)大(da)(da)得多的電(dian)流(liu)作為元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)熔(rong)絲(si)的額定電(dian)流(liu)，這(zhe)意味著其僅斷開(kai)(kai)故(gu)(gu)障元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)熔(rong)絲(si)應符合前面所(suo)述的隔離要(yao)求和(he)承受要(yao)求。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級3kV 及以上(shang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量較(jiao)大(da)(da)的高壓(ya)(ya)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)內部(bu)均(jun)有元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)，在一(yi)個元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)擊穿后，所(suo)有并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)將其貯(zhu)存能(neng)量的一(yi)部(bu)分釋(shi)放到(dao)故(gu)(gu)障元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內，而(er)工頻電(dian)流(liu)被串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)連接的剩余的完(wan)好元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)限(xian)制。若(ruo)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器內部(bu)的元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)是(shi)先(xian)并(bing)后串(chuan)，在電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器一(yi)個故(gu)(gu)障元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)斷開(kai)(kai)之后，電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器在相應降低了的容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量下繼續運行，這(zhe)時與被斷開(kai)(kai)的故(gu)(gu)障元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)相并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)的完(wan)好元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)最高，約為初始電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的mn/[n(m-1)+1]倍（式中(zhong)m為電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)數，n為元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)數），在Y形(xing)連接中(zhong)性(xing)點不接地情況下，由于中(zhong)性(xing)點位(wei)移，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可能(neng)更高。

（6）內部放電器(qi)件(jian)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)單(dan)元是(shi)否(fou)需裝(zhuang)內部(bu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)應視(shi)使用(yong)場(chang)合而(er)定。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)組額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)屬中(zhong)壓(ya)級，裝(zhuang)設了放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)單(dan)元中(zhong)不(bu)必裝(zhuang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)組應用(yong)于超(chao)高壓(ya)場(chang)合，無(wu)法(fa)裝(zhuang)設放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈，那么(me)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部(bu)裝(zhuang)設放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)就(jiu)必不(bu)可少了。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)單(dan)元中(zhong)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)件是(shi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)接在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部(bu)引出端之(zhi)間，通常(chang)設置(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)箱殼的(de)頂蓋下方。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)應有(you)足夠的(de)耐受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)能力(li)(li)(li)和功率(lv)，特別(bie)應顧及到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)極(ji)間可能進(jin)行直流耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)的(de)情況。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)通常(chang)由多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)串并聯(lian)后組成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)之(zhi)間和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)與引出端子(zi)之(zhi)間的(de)連接必須可靠。

單(dan)相電力電容器單(dan)元(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)放(fang)電電阻值的(de)計算式(shi)為：

式中：R——放電電阻值，MΩ

C——電容，μf

UN——單元的額定電壓，V

UR——允許剩(sheng)余電壓(ya)，V

篇6

關鍵(jian)詞：電容器(qi)；傳感器(qi)；在(zai)線監(jian)測系統

中圖分(fen)類號(hao)：TM85 文(wen)獻標識碼：A

1 現狀概述

國(guo)外許(xu)多(duo)電力公司(si)從上個(ge)世紀70年代就開始研究并(bing)推廣應用變電設備在線(xian)監測(ce)技術，主(zhu)要(yao)目的(de)就是減少停(ting)電預防性試驗的(de)時間和次數(shu)，提高供電可靠(kao)性。

（1）帶電測(ce)試(shi)階段(duan)。這一階段(duan)起始于70年代左右。當時人(ren)們僅(jin)僅(jin)是為了不停電而對電氣設備的某(mou)些(xie)絕緣(yuan)參數(shu)（如泄露(lu)電流）進行(xing)直接測(ce)量(liang)。設備簡單，測(ce)試(shi)項(xiang)目(mu)少，靈敏度較(jiao)差(cha)。

（2）從80年代(dai)開(kai)始，在線監測(ce)(ce)技術(shu)從傳統的(de)模擬量(liang)測(ce)(ce)試走向(xiang)數字化測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。

（3）從90年代開始，以計算機處理技術(shu)為核心的微機多功能在線監測系統。

在(zai)國內(nei)，在(zai)線監測技(ji)(ji)術的(de)開發與應用始于上世(shi)紀80年代。計(ji)算機應用剛剛起步，當時的(de)在(zai)線監測技(ji)(ji)術水平(ping)較低。到2000年后，隨著在(zai)線監測技(ji)(ji)術的(de)不斷成熟及客(ke)觀(guan)的(de)需要，在(zai)國內(nei)很多地區的(de)供電企業(ye)都已開展了這項工作(zuo)。

2 典型案例

摘錄官方統計的(de)數據：

2004年(nian)10～110kV的開關(guan)的事故(gu)率0.011～0.022臺次/百臺年(nian)

2004年110kV及以上(shang)變壓器(qi)的事(shi)故率(lv)為0.4臺(tai)(tai)次/百(bai)臺(tai)(tai)年

廣東省2007年高壓(ya)并聯電(dian)容器的(de)故障率為(wei)5臺次(ci)/百臺年

（1）1996年6月(yue)18日19：14賀(he)州市電業公司八步(bu)變(bian)電站在人(ren)工分(fen)閘過程中(zhong)，戶外2#，5#電容器(qi)發生(sheng)爆炸。

（2）1982年佳目(mu)斯局樺南變的三角(jiao)型結線電容器組(zu)，單臺(tai)裝用低壓保險(xian)，一(yi)臺(tai)電容器發(fa)生爆炸(zha)后，將廠(chang)房和396臺(tai)電容器全部燒毀。

（3）2001年(nian)4月30日(ri)8：54，某一變電站，在(zai)主控室，電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)的速斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)保(bao)護信號(hao)繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)動作掛牌，造成外側(ce)10kVII段與電容器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)聯接(jie)地極擊斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，電抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)本體噴油(you)著(zhu)火，A，B相(xiang)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)全部熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。

3 存在問題

（1）瓷(ci)套管及外殼滲漏油(you)

電容器是全密封的電氣設備(bei)，由于(yu)制造工藝、運(yun)輸等原因，密封不良(liang)出(chu)現(xian)滲漏，導致套(tao)管內部受(shou)潮，絕(jue)緣電阻降(jiang)低。隨(sui)著電容器運(yun)行電壓、溫度等變化(hua)，內部壓力增加，滲漏油更為(wei)嚴重，使油面(mian)下降(jiang)，元(yuan)件上部容易受(shou)潮擊穿而損壞。

（2）瓷絕緣表面(mian)放電(dian)閃絡

電(dian)容器在(zai)運行中缺乏定期清掃(sao)和維護，其瓷絕緣表面因污穢嚴重，在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)出現(xian)內、外過電(dian)壓和系(xi)統(tong)諧振(zhen)的情況下導致絕緣擊穿，局部放電(dian)，造成瓷套管閃絡破損，響聲異常。

（3）外殼鼓肚

當電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部元件發生故(gu)(gu)障擊穿(chuan)時(shi)，介質中(zhong)將通(tong)過很大(da)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障電(dian)流(liu)，電(dian)流(liu)產生的(de)(de)電(dian)弧和高溫使(shi)浸漬(zi)劑游離而(er)分解(jie)產生大(da)量氣體，使(shi)得電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)密封(feng)外(wai)殼(ke)內部壓力(li)增大(da)，導致電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)膨脹(zhang)鼓肚，這是運行中(zhong)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)征兆，應及時(shi)處理，避(bi)免故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)漫延擴大(da)。

（4）熔斷器熔斷

電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)元件(jian)發(fa)生(sheng)故障擊(ji)穿，熔斷器(qi)(qi)安裝接觸不良發(fa)熱，以(yi)及熔斷器(qi)(qi)的額定電(dian)流(liu)選擇不當，電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)閘瞬間，由于(yu)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)狀態產(chan)生(sheng)很大的沖擊(ji)合(he)(he)閘涌流(liu)，涌流(liu)過大均能使熔斷器(qi)(qi)熔斷。

（5）電容器爆炸

運(yun)行中電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)爆(bao)炸是一種惡性事故(gu)(gu)，當(dang)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部元件故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)擊穿引起(qi)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)極間貫性短路(lu)時，與(yu)其(qi)并聯運(yun)行的(de)其(qi)他電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)將對(dui)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)放(fang)電(dian)，如果注(zhu)入(ru)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)能量(liang)大于外殼所能承受的(de)爆(bao)破(po)能量(liang)，則電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)爆(bao)炸，如果電(dian)弧點燃的(de)液體介質溢流(liu)，還會造成火災。

4 原因分析

（1）電(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)容(rong)量的微小變(bian)化

電容器電容量出(chu)現(xian)微(wei)小(xiao)變化是電容器事故前的最早(zao)征(zheng)兆，表明(ming)熔絲已經切除(chu)了(le)單個電容器。

（2）運行電壓過高(gao)

電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)介質(zhi)上的額定(ding)工作(zuo)場強比其它電(dian)(dian)器(qi)高(gao)25～30倍，是高(gao)壓(ya)敏感設備(bei)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)行標DL/T 840—2003中規(gui)定(ding)為1.05倍額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)過(guo)壓(ya)保護及VQC均使用母(mu)線(xian)PT，不能直接測定(ding)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及累計超出允許的幅值及持續時間。

（3）運行電流過高

運(yun)行規程(cheng)對三相(xiang)電流(liu)(liu)的(de)控制有兩個指標，一(yi)是不超(chao)過(guo)額定(ding)電流(liu)(liu)的(de)30%，二是三相(xiang)不平(ping)衡電流(liu)(liu)不應超(chao)過(guo)±5%。

（4）電容器的(de)絕緣變(bian)化

電(dian)容器自(zi)身的(de)介質損(sun)耗及其它發熱元件引起本體溫(wen)升，而(er)溫(wen)升又會(hui)反過來(lai)加大(da)介質損(sun)耗，是一(yi)種(zhong)惡(e)性循環。

（5）電抗(kang)器的運行工況

電(dian)(dian)抗器匝間短(duan)路對運行(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)及電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器端電(dian)(dian)壓無明顯(xian)影(ying)響(xiang)，過流(liu)、速斷、差壓、不平(ping)衡電(dian)(dian)壓、不平(ping)衡電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護均不起作用(yong)，是電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器保(bao)護的死區。

（6）運行溫度(du)過高(gao)

溫度過高導致tgδ迅速增(zeng)加，降(jiang)低(di)介質的擊穿(chuan)強度。技(ji)術監督規程把室(shi)溫超過35℃列(lie)入三級報警，超過40℃列(lie)入二極報警，當采取(qu)降(jiang)溫措施無效時電容器應退出(chu)運行。

（7）電容器(qi)投切瞬間工況

電(dian)容(rong)器在投入時會出現涌流，合閘彈(dan)跳及分閘重(zhong)燃會在電(dian)容(rong)器端產生較高(gao)的過電(dian)壓。

（8）高次諧(xie)波引起過電流(liu)

電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器正(zheng)常運行時不希望電流(liu)中含(han)有(you)(you)(you)高次諧(xie)波，因此(ci)選擇了不同(tong)電抗(kang)率的(de)(de)電抗(kang)器，以(yi)(yi)減(jian)弱諧(xie)波電流(liu)對電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)侵(qin)襲；少量熔絲熔斷后，電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器雖(sui)然(ran)可以(yi)(yi)照樣運行，但有(you)(you)(you)一個副作用(yong)，就是(shi)電抗(kang)率向減(jian)少方向發生漂移(yi)，有(you)(you)(you)可能使限制的(de)(de)諧(xie)波電流(liu)進入(ru)放大的(de)(de)頻率范(fan)圍。電力(li)電容(rong)(rong)(rong)器對諧(xie)波電流(liu)有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)承受能力(li)，規程把諧(xie)波電流(liu)含(han)量統一納入(ru)到1.3倍的(de)(de)額定電流(liu)之內。

（9）放電線(xian)圈(quan)運行工況

放電(dian)(dian)線圈除(chu)具有電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)放電(dian)(dian)功能之外(wai)，還向保(bao)護提供不平衡電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

6 提升措施

高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)作為(wei)一種極為(wei)重要的(de)無功(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，對于(yu)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的(de)結構、提高(gao)功(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)(shu)、改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)質(zhi)量、降低(di)(di)線路損(sun)耗(hao)起著重要的(de)作用(yong)，在各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級的(de)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站中(zhong)得到了廣泛(fan)的(de)應用(yong)。因此對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)況進行(xing)(xing)在線監測(ce)是一種防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)發(fa)生事(shi)故的(de)有效途徑(jing)。系(xi)統運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時連續監測(ce)并存儲高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)工況，包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量、介(jie)質(zhi)損(sun)耗(hao)、絕緣(yuan)狀(zhuang)況、高(gao)次諧(xie)波、環(huan)境溫濕度、投(tou)切次數(shu)(shu)及(ji)狀(zhuang)態（涌流及(ji)重燃(ran)錄波）、運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時間等數(shu)(shu)據(ju)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)出現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越限(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越限(xian)、諧(xie)波超標、熔絲熔斷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量變化越限(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)匝間短路、絕緣(yuan)降低(di)(di)、室內超溫等情況時啟動錄波并發(fa)出報警信號。

（1）傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)技術：根據(ju)現(xian)場電(dian)容器(qi)的實(shi)際容量(liang)、接線方式、安裝(zhuang)方式等設(she)計高(gao)精(jing)(jing)度電(dian)流、電(dian)壓傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)，高(gao)精(jing)(jing)度的信號轉換是電(dian)容器(qi)在線監測的基礎。

（2）硬件技術：高壓(ya)并(bing)聯電(dian)容(rong)器在實(shi)際運行中，絕緣性能并(bing)不是(shi)瞬間(jian)變化(hua)的(de)，故障(zhang)都(dou)是(shi)經過長期緩慢(man)的(de)變化(hua)才形成的(de)。系統(tong)的(de)高配置(zhi)部件是(shi)為了能夠更(geng)加(jia)精確的(de)采集電(dian)容(rong)器的(de)運行數據。

（3）軟(ruan)件算(suan)(suan)法的(de)實(shi)現(xian)：裝置只采集高壓電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)運行電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度和濕度，需要(yao)經過(guo)一系列復雜的(de)軟(ruan)件算(suan)(suan)法計算(suan)(suan)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流、諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量、介質(zhi)損(sun)耗因數、絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻、有(you)功(gong)損(sun)耗等值(zhi)，這(zhe)些軟(ruan)件算(suan)(suan)法是實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)在線監測(ce)的(de)軟(ruan)件基礎(chu)。

（4）后臺監(jian)控系統(tong)的(de)設計：后臺監(jian)控系統(tong)實(shi)現(xian)高壓并聯電(dian)容(rong)器的(de)遠方監(jian)控，可以在遠方監(jian)控電(dian)容(rong)器的(de)運(yun)行工(gong)況，分析運(yun)行狀(zhuang)態，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一個方便的(de)人機界面，為(wei)(wei)電(dian)容(rong)器在線監(jian)測(ce)系統(tong)的(de)應用提供了簡便的(de)操作(zuo)平臺。

（5）實(shi)(shi)時(shi)通(tong)信功能的實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)：為(wei)了實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)后臺(tai)和裝置(zhi)的數據(ju)共享，在線監測裝置(zhi)提供(gong)三種(zhong)通(tong)訊方式的實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)，分別為(wei)RS485、以(yi)(yi)太網(wang)和GPRS無線通(tong)訊。這(zhe)三種(zhong)通(tong)訊方式可以(yi)(yi)滿足現(xian)(xian)場數據(ju)傳輸(shu)的需要，實(shi)(shi)時(shi)將(jiang)電容(rong)器(qi)的運行狀況(kuang)傳輸(shu)至不同地點的后臺(tai)監控系(xi)統上。

結語

本文(wen)主要(yao)闡述高壓(ya)電容(rong)器(qi)的研究現狀，典型案(an)例，存在的問題，原(yuan)因分析和提升(sheng)措施。并(bing)研制出了一套KZ160E高壓(ya)電容(rong)器(qi)在線監測系統。

參考文獻

[1]黨曉強，劉念，蔣浩(hao).電(dian)力系統中(zhong)高(gao)壓電(dian)容設備在(zai)線檢測的研究[J].電(dian)工(gong)技術雜志，2003（10）.

[2]續(xu)利(li)華.電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器常見故障的(de)原因分析及相應處理(li)[J].電(dian)力(li)學報，2001（02）.

篇7

關(guan)鍵詞：放(fang)電線(xian)圈(quan) 線(xian)圈(quan)接線(xian) 分析(xi)判(pan)斷

Analysis of Discharge Coil Explosion of Shunt Capacitor

MIAO Hai-tao LIU Tao LI Lei LIU Juan

（Herong electric Limited by Share Ltd，710200）

Abstract：with the example of discharge coil explosion， explosion analysis， reasons for not connected to ground， the wiring correct， and makes technical analysis.

Key words：discharge coil； coil wiring； analysis.

高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)并聯電(dian)(dian)容器裝置(zhi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)無功補償的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要設備(bei)，是(shi)保證電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)穩定運行(xing)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要技術手(shou)段。并聯電(dian)(dian)容器為(wei)了適應(ying)電(dian)(dian)力系統無功功率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)變化，需要進行(xing)頻繁(fan)的(de)操作(zuo)。當電(dian)(dian)容器合閘時，會(hui)產生很大(da)的(de)沖擊合閘涌流和很高(gao)的(de)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，其(qi)輔助設備(bei)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)(quan)能(neng)夠(gou)使電(dian)(dian)容器組上的(de)殘留(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降到初始值(zhi)的(de)10%以下，因此它擔負著放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用(yong)。但是(shi)由于放(fang)電(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)(quan)承受過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，或(huo)者接(jie)線不當，都會(hui)留(liu)下安全隱患，造(zao)成設備(bei)爆炸(zha)(zha)和人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)傷亡。本文(wen)就放(fang)電(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)(quan)爆炸(zha)(zha)的(de)實際案例進行(xing)分析(xi)，希望大(da)家(jia)對電(dian)(dian)容器用(yong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)(quan)同樣引起足夠(gou)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視。

1.故障實例

7月15日，公(gong)(gong)司接到用(yong)戶反映，我公(gong)(gong)司生產(chan)的(de)干(gan)式放(fang)(fang)電線(xian)圈出現問(wen)題：1.造成過流保護動作；2.放(fang)(fang)電線(xian)圈爆炸；3.變電站停電。用(yong)戶要求公(gong)(gong)司派技術人(ren)員現場分析(xi)問(wen)題。爆炸產(chan)品圖1如下：

--

圖1 產品爆炸(zha)圖片

經現場檢(jian)(jian)查，干(gan)式放電線(xian)圈(quan)澆注體整體裂開(kai)松散(san)，內部線(xian)包擊穿短路、大部分(fen)被燒毀、線(xian)包外漏(lou)。檢(jian)(jian)查產(chan)品(pin)接線(xian)，發現沒(mei)按照(zhao)安裝要求進行接線(xian)。從事(shi)故的最終檢(jian)(jian)查分(fen)析為放電線(xian)圈(quan)的接線(xian)錯誤是(shi)造成產(chan)品(pin)爆炸的原因。

2.事故分析

在檢(jian)查放電線(xian)圈的接(jie)線(xian)時，發現(xian)爆炸產品明顯的鐵(tie)芯接(jie)地端子(zi)沒有進(jin)行接(jie)地連接(jie)。

當放(fang)電(dian)(dian)線圈鐵芯未(wei)接地(di)，在合閘時，鐵芯就會產生高(gao)(gao)的(de)感應電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，且為很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)懸浮(fu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，導致(zhi)鐵芯對二(er)次繞組的(de)電(dian)(dian)位超過(guo)產品絕緣耐受的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而擊穿（二(er)次對地(di)耐壓(ya)為3000V），繼(ji)而引起二(er)次短路并(bing)帶高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)，致(zhi)使一次繞組電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)遠(yuan)高(gao)(gao)于系統電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，瞬(shun)間(jian)能量過(guo)大(da)引起一次爆炸，電(dian)(dian)容器短路，造成過(guo)流保護動作，使整個變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站停電(dian)(dian)。

當(dang)時在(zai)變電所運(yun)行的(de)有同(tong)樣(yang)型號的(de)兩(liang)套設備，及(ji)兩(liang)組(zu)放電線(xian)(xian)圈，而另一組(zu)產(chan)品沒有問題，運(yun)行正常(chang)。檢查這組(zu)產(chan)品的(de)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)，全(quan)部(bu)按要求進(jin)行接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)，鐵(tie)芯接(jie)(jie)地端(duan)子連(lian)接(jie)(jie)牢(lao)固。由(you)此(ci)，我們確定產(chan)品爆炸的(de)原因為接(jie)(jie)地線(xian)(xian)沒有連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，導致鐵(tie)芯很(hen)高的(de)懸(xuan)浮(fu)電壓(ya)擊(ji)穿線(xian)(xian)圈絕緣，造成線(xian)(xian)圈短路引起爆炸。

3.結語

（1）嚴格(ge)按照安(an)裝(zhuang)要求(qiu)正(zheng)確接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)。GB 50227-2008 并(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置設(she)計規范(fan)中(zhong)的4.2.6項要求(qiu)：“1.放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈與并(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)宜采用直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)并(bing)聯接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)。2.嚴禁放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈一次繞組中(zhong)性(xing)點接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地”。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈首末端必須同電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)首末端相連（即(ji)：電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈線(xian)(xian)先(xian)并(bing)聯后接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成星形接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)），禁止使用放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈中(zhong)性(xing)點接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地方式(shi)。

放電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的正確接(jie)線(xian)(xian)如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)2所示(shi)，這兩種接(jie)線(xian)(xian)不論電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的狀態如(ru)(ru)何，如(ru)(ru)三相對稱與否(fou)，三相電(dian)(dian)壓是否(fou)平(ping)衡都不影響放電(dian)(dian)效果。因為(wei)這樣的接(jie)線(xian)(xian)，其(qi)效果各相是可(ke)以(yi)互相獨(du)立完成的，能保證(zheng)任何條件(jian)下，電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)脫(tuo)離電(dian)(dian)源后，可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)荷放干凈(jing)，并給(gei)出正確的指示(shi)和(he)保護信(xin)號，達到保證(zheng)人(ren)員和(he)設備安(an)全(quan)要求。

圖2 放電線(xian)圈正確接線(xian)

開口三角電壓保護(hu)接線(xian)

相電(dian)壓差動保護接線

（2）對于油浸(jin)式全密封放電線(xian)圈，因鐵(tie)芯放置在箱殼內，鐵(tie)芯與外殼緊密連接，而產品整體(ti)(ti)又放置在支架上，支架上有(you)可靠(kao)的接地(di)。干式放電線(xian)圈，是環氧全澆(jiao)注體(ti)(ti)，鐵(tie)芯被絕(jue)緣澆(jiao)注體(ti)(ti)全部包圍，設(she)計時專(zhuan)用的接地(di)端(duan)子必須與地(di)進(jin)行(xing)可靠(kao)的連接。

參考文獻：

[1] GB 50227-2008. 并聯電容(rong)器裝置設計規范(fan)。

篇8

【關鍵詞】無功(gong)補償；功(gong)率因數；高壓配電室

0 前言

焦化廠第四配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)室2011年年底建成(cheng)，次年年初投運(yun)，四配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)是變(bian)電(dian)(dian)、輸送、供電(dian)(dian)三位(wei)一(yi)體的綜合大型(xing)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)室，由2條高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)(jin)線，雙線電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)，回路分三段，電(dian)(dian)壓等級10kV，44塊(kuai)高(gao)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏、6塊(kuai)低壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)屏組成(cheng)，具備(bei)有專業電(dian)(dian)腦微機監(jian)控(kong)室，有電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)切換、交直(zhi)流逆變(bian)，微機線路保護，數據打印，電(dian)(dian)腦監(jian)控(kong)功能(neng)(neng)。但是，自2012年投運(yun)初期，因(yin)高(gao)壓微機綜保上顯(xian)示系(xi)統功率因(yin)數低，僅為(wei)0.78左右，導致現場負(fu)荷出力少，系(xi)統損耗大，所(suo)以必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行高(gao)壓無功集中(zhong)補(bu)償(chang)，來(lai)維持電(dian)(dian)壓水平和提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統運(yun)行的穩定性，使配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統能(neng)(neng)夠安全經濟(ji)運(yun)行。

1 無(wu)功(gong)補償的目的

一(yi)般來說，在(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中輸送的(de)(de)(de)(de)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)保持恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況下，若設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)降(jiang)低(di)，無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)就要(yao)增加(jia)，這樣勢必就要(yao)在(zai)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)中傳輸更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，使(shi)(shi)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)損(sun)耗和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)損(sun)耗增大(da)(da)(da)。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)過低(di)還(huan)將使(shi)(shi)線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)損(sun)耗增大(da)(da)(da)，結果(guo)負荷端的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就要(yao)下降(jiang)，甚至會(hui)(hui)低(di)于允許偏移值，從而嚴重影響異步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機及(ji)其他(ta)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行。此外，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)降(jiang)低(di)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)系統內的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)能(neng)充分(fen)利用(yong)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)變壓(ya)器都有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)，在(zai)正(zheng)常情(qing)(qing)況下，這些(xie)參數(shu)是不(bu)容(rong)許超過的(de)(de)(de)(de)，根據P=UIcosΦ關系式，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)降(jiang)低(di)則有功(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)力也將隨之降(jiang)低(di)，使(shi)(shi)設(she)備(bei)容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)能(neng)充分(fen)利用(yong)。所(suo)以(yi)，必須設(she)法提高系統中各相關部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)，以(yi)充分(fen)利用(yong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)，增加(jia)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，減少功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)損(sun)耗和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)損(sun)耗，以(yi)達到節約(yue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)和提高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。提高功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法有提高自然功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)和采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償提高功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)兩大(da)(da)(da)類(lei)。當采(cai)用(yong)提高用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)自然功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法后，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)仍達不(bu)到要(yao)求時，就需要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償方(fang)法來實現。

2 無功補償的實現

考(kao)慮(lv)到并聯(lian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)無(wu)功功率具(ju)有結構簡單、經(jing)濟方(fang)便等優點(dian)，焦化廠四配電(dian)采用靜電(dian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)作無(wu)功補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，其產生超前電(dian)壓(ya)容(rong)性電(dian)流特性，與電(dian)動(dong)機、變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)產生滯后(hou)電(dian)壓(ya)感(gan)性電(dian)流相抵消（補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)）作用。設計線電(dian)源側(ce)分別并聯(lian)靜電(dian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)使前端(duan)電(dian)網(wang)上的無(wu)功電(dian)流大大降低，功消耗即得到補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)高壓(ya)集中補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，分兩組進行補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，第(di)一組容(rong)量為(wei)600kvar，第(di)二組容(rong)量為(wei)1200kvar。

裝置(zhi)選用TBB10-1800型的無功(gong)補償，該系列高(gao)壓(ya)無功(gong)集(ji)中補償裝置(zhi)采(cai)(cai)用優質高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，具有可靠性(xing)高(gao)、壽命長、損耗小、運行溫升低、故(gu)障率低等特(te)點，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外置(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)元件，保證裝置(zhi)在(zai)脫離電(dian)(dian)(dian)網后，5S內將(jiang)殘壓(ya)降至50V以(yi)下。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)用單星形接線方式，保護(hu)方式主要有過壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)、過流、速斷、開口三(san)角保護(hu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)用BAMRr12/√3-200-1W，ABB公司產品，單臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)為(wei)200kvar，電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)用CKSCL-144/12/√3-12%，配置(zhi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗率12%的串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

2.1 全站負荷計算

負荷計算采(cai)用需要(yao)系數法

主要計算公式有：有功功率：P = Pe?Kd

無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率：Q = P ?tgΦ

視在功率：S = P/CosΦ

計算電流(liu)：I= S/1.732UN

取(qu)系數K∑p = 0.9； K∑q = 0.97

根據表1可算出：∑Pi = 5244kW； ∑Qi = 3926kvar

則 P= K∑P∑Pi = 0.9×5244kW = 4720kW

Q= K∑q∑Qi = 0.97×3926kvar = 3808kvar

由(you)S2 = P2+Q2得出S≈6065kV?A

I= S/1.732UN ≈350A

COSΦ = P/S= 4720/6065≈ 0.78

表1 2#回收10kV配電所高壓供電負荷計算書

2.2 功率補償

按上(shang)級電(dian)網(wang)要(yao)求COSΦ≥0.9，而(er)由上(shang)面計算可(ke)知COSΦ=0.78

根據補償要求：

Qc = 4720×（tanarc cos0.78-tanarc cos0.97）kvar

=2604kvar 取Qc=2600 kvar

無功補償(chang)后，變電所(suo)低壓側(ce)的(de)計算負荷：

由式S′2= 47202+（3926-2600）2 得(de)出S′=4903kV?A

變壓器(qi)的功率損耗為：

QT = 0.06 S′= 0.06 * 4903 = 294 kvar

PT = 0.015 S′= 0.015 * 4903= 74 kW

四配電高壓(ya)側計算負荷(he)為：

P′= 4825+ 74 = 4899 kW

Q′= （3926-2600 ）+ 294= 1620 kvar

由式S′2 = （P2 + Q2） 得出S′= 5160 kV?A

無功率補償后，該站的功率因數(shu)為：

cosΦ′= P′/ S′= 4903 / 5160= 0.95

則該站(zhan)的功(gong)率(lv)因數為(wei)：

cosΦ′= P′/S′= 0.95≥0.9

因此，實現了四配(pei)電(dian)的(de)高壓無功集中補償(chang)。

3 結束語

TBB10-1800型補償裝置以其結構簡單(dan)，性能良好，可進(jin)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)態(tai)無(wu)功功率補償、電(dian)(dian)壓控制，提(ti)高了(le)傳動(dong)設備(bei)運行(xing)(xing)的可靠性和(he)電(dian)(dian)網質(zhi)量，降(jiang)低了(le)設備(bei)能耗(hao)和(he)故障率，為焦化(hua)廠生產設備(bei)穩定運行(xing)(xing)打下(xia)了(le)良好的基礎。

【參考文獻】

篇9

關鍵詞：晶(jing)閘(zha)管投(tou)切電容(rong)器 控制系統 檢測系統

中圖(tu)分(fen)類號(hao)(hao)：TM761 文獻(xian)標識(shi)碼：A 文章編號(hao)(hao)：1674-098X（2012）12（c）-00-02

隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)的(de)發展(zhan)和技術進(jin)(jin)步，電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量問題日益得(de)到(dao)重視(shi)，許多新(xin)技術設備應運而(er)生。目前，為(wei)了(le)減少損(sun)耗以及調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，提(ti)高系統(tong)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)，在各(ge)級變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站里廣泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)系統(tong)的(de)無功(gong)(gong)補償(chang)，這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)正常運行(xing)對降低線損(sun)和提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量起著(zhu)重要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)投(tou)切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)就是其中的(de)一(yi)種，于(yu)近年來得(de)到(dao)了(le)較大發展(zhan)。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)投(tou)切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)具有無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)補償(chang)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)優良(liang)動(dong)(dong)態，適合經常有波動(dong)(dong)性(xing)負荷和沖擊性(xing)負荷的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網。與機械投(tou)切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)相比，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)投(tou)切(qie)開關克服(fu)了(le)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機械開關觸頭(tou)易受電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)而(er)損(sun)壞的(de)缺點(dian)，可(ke)(ke)頻繁投(tou)切(qie)，且投(tou)切(qie)時刻可(ke)(ke)精確控(kong)制。晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)(zha)管(guan)投(tou)切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)上述(shu)優良(liang)的(de)動(dong)(dong)態性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，促使其近年發展(zhan)迅猛(meng)，該文對該技術的(de)現(xian)狀及最新(xin)發展(zhan)動(dong)(dong)向進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)介紹。

1 晶(jing)閘管投切電容(rong)器的分類

晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)投(tou)切電容器(qi)(qi)（thyristor switched capacitor，簡(jian)稱TSC）是(shi)利用晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)作為無(wu)觸點(dian)開關的(de)無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)裝置，它根據晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)精確的(de)過程(cheng)，迅(xun)速并平穩的(de)切割電容器(qi)(qi)，與機(ji)械投(tou)切電容器(qi)(qi)相比，晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)操(cao)作壽命長，開、關無(wu)觸點(dian)，抗機(ji)械應力能力強(qiang)和動態(tai)開關特性優(you)越(yue)等優(you)點(dian)。晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)投(tou)切時(shi)刻(ke)可以(yi)精確控(kong)制，能迅(xun)速的(de)將電容器(qi)(qi)接入(ru)電網(wang)，有(you)力的(de)減(jian)少了(le)投(tou)切時(shi)的(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)電流(liu)的(de)優(you)點(dian)。TSC可按(an)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級或按(an)應用范圍劃(hua)分。按(an)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級劃(hua)分為：低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)和高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)。低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)適用于1 kV及以(yi)下電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)（即補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)系統直(zhi)接接入(ru)電網(wang)進行(xing)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)）則對(dui)6～35 kV電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)進行(xing)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)。TSC按(an)應用范圍劃(hua)分為：負(fu)荷補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)和集(ji)中(zhong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)。負(fu)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)是(shi)直(zhi)接對(dui)某一負(fu)荷進行(xing)針對(dui)性動態(tai)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)以(yi)消除(chu)對(dui)電網(wang)的(de)無(wu)功(gong)沖(chong)擊(ji)，集(ji)中(zhong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)(shi)是(shi)對(dui)電網(wang)供電采(cai)取系統的(de)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，以(yi)解決整個(ge)電網(wang)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率波動的(de)問題。

2 TSC的主電路

目前，TSC只有(you)(you)兩(liang)個(ge)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)(tai)：投(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)和(he)切除狀態(tai)(tai)。在投(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)狀態(tai)(tai)下(xia)，雙向晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)并(bing)(bing)入(ru)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，TSC向系(xi)統發出(chu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性無(wu)(wu)功功率(lv)；切除狀態(tai)(tai)下(xia)，雙向晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（或反(fan)(fan)向并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)）阻斷(duan)，TSC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支路(lu)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)起到(dao)任何作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，不(bu)輸出(chu)無(wu)(wu)功功率(lv)。TSC主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)設計(ji)除了(le)滿足分級快速(su)補(bu)償要求(qiu)外(wai)，還應(ying)考慮限(xian)制并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合閘(zha)涌流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)抑制高次諧波(bo)等問題。TSC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)如何保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)無(wu)(wu)沖(chong)擊(ji)，常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)：晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)與二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和(he)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。在TSC系(xi)統中(zhong)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)促使(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)輪流(liu)(liu)(liu)觸發，接(jie)(jie)通和(he)斷(duan)開補(bu)償回路(lu)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性非(fei)常(chang)高，即使(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)某項損(sun)壞了(le)一個(ge)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，也不(bu)會(hui)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)投(tou)(tou)(tou)入(ru)失效(xiao)(xiao)或錯誤(wu)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)與晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)相比之下(xia)，速(su)率(lv)較(jiao)差，但(dan)(dan)經(jing)濟且操作(zuo)(zuo)簡便。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)閥承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大反(fan)(fan)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)對(dui)于(yu)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放掉時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰值(zhi)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)(fan)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍。TSC系(xi)統中(zhong)，為(wei)了(le)限(xian)制因晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)誤(wu)觸發或事故情況下(xia)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合閘(zha)涌流(liu)(liu)(liu)，主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)須安裝串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以抑制高次諧波(bo)和(he)限(xian)制短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。而(er)(er)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會(hui)升高，所以額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類型有(you)(you)空(kong)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)鐵(tie)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)種(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)，而(er)(er)鐵(tie)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)較(jiao)差，但(dan)(dan)造(zao)價低，空(kong)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)好(hao)，但(dan)(dan)造(zao)價也很(hen)高。所以選(xuan)擇(ze)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)通過(guo)經(jing)濟、技(ji)術(shu)等方(fang)(fang)面比較(jiao)來確定(ding)。TSC主(zhu)回路(lu)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)根據(ju)(ju)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)閥和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)可(ke)(ke)(ke)分為(wei)三相控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三角形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)、星形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)和(he)其(qi)他組(zu)合接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)。其(qi)中(zhong)三角形(xing)與星形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)既綜合了(le)前兩(liang)種(zhong)接(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)提升補(bu)償裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行質(zhi)量，因此更為(wei)常(chang)用(yong)。根據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，TSC系(xi)統投(tou)(tou)(tou)切當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殘(can)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相差較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候，則很(hen)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易產(chan)(chan)生沖(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。當沖(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與正常(chang)穩(wen)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之比小(xiao)于(yu)1.7倍時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以認為(wei)沖(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)對(dui)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)無(wu)(wu)影響。投(tou)(tou)(tou)切停止后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)峰值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，存在過(guo)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，過(guo)零點觸發晶(jing)(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)理想狀態(tai)(tai)，不(bu)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生沖(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

3 TSC的(de)檢(jian)測系(xi)統和控制系(xi)統

TSC的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)系(xi)統用于檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與負載系(xi)統的(de)相關變量(liang)(liang)，包括相位(wei)采樣部分、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流有效值測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)算(suan)部分、待補(bu)無功(gong)(gong)量(liang)(liang)與無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)計算(suan)部分等。目前比較先(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)技術則(ze)是利用微機(ji)同(tong)步相位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術和(he)自(zi)適應(ying)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)觸發技術進(jin)(jin)行檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。當檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大小等同(tong)，極致一樣時(shi)(shi)，瞬時(shi)(shi)投入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過零時(shi)(shi)晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)會自(zi)然(ran)斷開(kai)，無需對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)預先(xian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也(ye)無需加裝限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)及專門(men)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，則(ze)可(ke)隨時(shi)(shi)實現無投切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與負載的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和(he)需求，TSC的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統可(ke)分為開(kai)環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、閉環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)復合控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三種。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物理變量(liang)(liang)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、全周期時(shi)(shi)間、功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數角和(he)相位(wei)差角等。根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號參數，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號變量(liang)(liang)分析處理，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)組(zu)合方式(shi)中選出(chu)最接近(jin)且不(bu)(bu)會過補(bu)償(chang)的(de)組(zu)合方式(shi)，對(dui)(dui)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)進(jin)(jin)行實時(shi)(shi)補(bu)償(chang)。由(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統發出(chu)投切(qie)指令，當補(bu)償(chang)系(xi)統所需容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)小于最小一組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)快速、平(ping)穩、高效地(di)對(dui)(dui)設(she)備進(jin)(jin)行補(bu)償(chang)。

4 晶(jing)閘管投切電容器的(de)研究動向

目前，采用(yong)TSC裝置的(de)(de)缺點是：①補償電(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)投切可靠(kao)性低(di)，容(rong)易引發諧振(zhen)；②功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)損耗過(guo)大；③電(dian)容(rong)器過(guo)電(dian)壓；④裝置的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)造成(cheng)(cheng)本增加、復雜程度(du)提高(gao)及故障(zhang)率(lv)大等；⑤晶閘管投切具(ju)有誤觸發等問(wen)題。但由于TSC具(ju)有動態無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)補償的(de)(de)優(you)良性能，近(jin)年來該技術(shu)還(huan)是在低(di)壓配電(dian)網中(zhong)得到很好的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)。而針對TSC使用(yong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，國內(nei)外學者進(jin)行了相應的(de)(de)研究(jiu)，研究(jiu)內(nei)容(rong)主要針對以下方(fang)面(mian)：（1）尋找無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)參量(liang)的(de)(de)快速(su)檢測及控制(zhi)(zhi)新方(fang)法；（2）研制(zhi)(zhi)兼具(ju)補償無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)和抑制(zhi)(zhi)諧波的(de)(de)多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能產(chan)(chan)品，控制(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)蕩問(wen)題；（3）探(tan)尋高(gao)壓系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)TSC 技術(shu)；（4）提高(gao)TSC 產(chan)(chan)品可靠(kao)性，并降低(di)其成(cheng)(cheng)本等。

5 結語

該文對(dui)(dui)(dui)TSC技(ji)術進行了(le)探(tan)討(tao)，重點對(dui)(dui)(dui)TSC系統的(de)主電(dian)路和檢測及控制系統進行了(le)介紹，并對(dui)(dui)(dui)該技(ji)術的(de)不足進行了(le)探(tan)討(tao)，指(zhi)出(chu)了(le)目前的(de)研究動(dong)向(xiang)。TSC裝置具有優良的(de)動(dong)態無功(gong)功(gong)率補償性能，特別適合于(yu)具有經常沖擊性負荷和波動(dong)性負荷的(de)場所(suo)。隨著微電(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術和電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術的(de)進步，TSC 技(ji)術將會(hui)有更(geng)大的(de)發展應用(yong)空間。

參考文獻

 [1] 鞏慶.晶閘管投切電容器動態(tai)無功補償技術及其應用[J].電網技術，2007，12（增2）.

[2] 牛飛.利用單相(xiang)晶閘管投切電容(rong)器實(shi)現無功補償[D].中南(nan)大學(xue)，2010.

篇10

【關鍵詞(ci)】無(wu)功補(bu)(bu)償；無(wu)源補(bu)(bu)償；有源補(bu)(bu)償

近(jin)年來，隨著電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)、節能和控制技術(shu)的飛(fei)速發展，在國民經(jing)濟各個(ge)部門大量使用了(le)各種電(dian)(dian)力(li)整流(liu)、換流(liu)設備以及交流(liu)調速裝(zhuang)置、軋機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)弧爐、電(dian)(dian)力(li)機(ji)車等非線性負(fu)荷，使現代(dai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中的暫(zan)態(tai)和沖擊性無(wu)功(gong)負(fu)荷增加，嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)質量，同時給電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統用電(dian)(dian)設備的安全、經(jing)濟運(yun)行帶(dai)來了(le)嚴(yan)重(zhong)危害。為(wei)了(le)穩定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、改善功(gong)率因數、降低能耗，必須對這些無(wu)功(gong)負(fu)荷進行動態(tai)無(wu)功(gong)補償。

1 無功補償的重要性(xing)

交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供給(gei)兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)分能(neng)(neng)量(liang)：一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分將(jiang)用(yong)(yong)于做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而被(bei)消耗掉，這部(bu)(bu)(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)為機械能(neng)(neng)、光能(neng)(neng)、熱能(neng)(neng)或化學能(neng)(neng)，我們稱為“有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)”；另(ling)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分能(neng)(neng)量(liang)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)來建立(li)磁(ci)(ci)場，用(yong)(yong)于交(jiao)換能(neng)(neng)量(liang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)____磁(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)____電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)）使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)，對于外部(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路它并(bing)沒(mei)有做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我們稱為“無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)”。無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)相對于有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而言，不能(neng)(neng)說無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)之功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沒(mei)有這部(bu)(bu)(bu)分功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，就不能(neng)(neng)建立(li)感應磁(ci)(ci)場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、變(bian)壓(ya)器等設備(bei)就不能(neng)(neng)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。其物理意義是(shi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感元(yuan)件與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容元(yuan)件正(zheng)常工作所需要的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)交(jiao)換。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，除了負荷無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)外，變(bian)壓(ya)器和(he)線(xian)路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗上也需要大量(liang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)不足，無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和(he)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負荷將(jiang)處于低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)衡狀態，將(jiang)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)帶來諸(zhu)如設備(bei)出力(li)(li)不足、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)損(sun)耗增(zeng)加(jia)、設備(bei)損(sun)壞等一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)危害(hai)，甚(shen)至可能(neng)(neng)引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)崩(beng)潰事故，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網大面積停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此(ci)，要保(bao)證無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)衡，以保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網正(zheng)常運(yun)行。

2 無功補償設備

2.1 無功功率(lv)的電(dian)源(yuan)

在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機允許(xu)的(de)(de)(de)范圍內，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)其勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，多發(fa)無功，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機所增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)功損(sun)耗相(xiang)當小，從這一點(dian)而言(yan)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機可作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中不(bu)需投資的(de)(de)(de)無功電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。但由于受到網損(sun)、備用(yong)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓水平的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)，220kV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站距離電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)遠近直接關系(xi)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)無功電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)程度。因此，應在滿足(zu)技術經濟要求的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia) （首先(xian)保證有(you)充足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)無功備用(yong)容量），積極利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)無功電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

大多數網絡元件消耗(hao)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，大多數負載也(ye)需(xu)要消耗(hao)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率。網絡元件和(he)負載所需(xu)要的(de)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率必須從網絡中某個(ge)地(di)方(fang)獲得。顯(xian)然，這(zhe)些無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率如果都(dou)要由發電機提供并經過長距離傳送是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)合理(li)的(de)，通常也(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)的(de)。合理(li)的(de)方(fang)法應(ying)是(shi)(shi)在需(xu)要消耗(hao)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率的(de)地(di)方(fang)產生無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)無功(gong)(gong)補償(chang)。

2.2 無功補償設(she)備

變電(dian)站的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)設(she)備(bei)：并(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)容器(qi)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)，串聯(lian)電(dian)容器(qi)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)，靜止補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)器(qi)；超高(gao)壓變電(dian)站常采(cai)用斷路(lu)器(qi)投切無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)裝置和無(wu)功(gong)靜止補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)裝置。當電(dian)壓滯(zhi)后電(dian)流時(shi)，則(ze)為(wei)(wei)滯(zhi)相，此時(shi)輸出為(wei)(wei)容性(xing)；當電(dian)壓超前電(dian)流時(shi)，則(ze)為(wei)(wei)進(jin)相運行(xing)，此時(shi)輸出為(wei)(wei)感(gan)性(xing)；靜補(bu)(bu)進(jin)相運行(xing)時(shi)吸收無(wu)功(gong)，滯(zhi)相運行(xing)發出無(wu)功(gong)。根據(ju)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果而言，電(dian)容器(qi)可(ke)以補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)負(fu)荷(he)側的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率，提(ti)高(gao)系統的(de)(de)功(gong)率因(yin)數(shu)，降(jiang)低能(neng)耗，改善(shan)電(dian)網電(dian)壓質量。電(dian)抗器(qi)可(ke)以吸收電(dian)網多余的(de)(de)線路(lu)充電(dian)功(gong)率，改善(shan)電(dian)網低谷(gu)負(fu)荷(he)時(shi)的(de)(de)運行(xing)電(dian)壓，減少(shao)發電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)進(jin)相運行(xing)深度，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)網運行(xing)性(xing)能(neng)。

（1）無源(yuan)補償設備裝置

并(bing)(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)、并(bing)(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)和串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。這些裝置可以是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)連接(jie)式的或(huo)開閉式的，無源補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)設(she)備僅用(yong)(yong)(yong)于特性阻(zu)(zu)抗補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)和線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的阻(zu)(zu)抗補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，如并(bing)(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路分布電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)以防空載長線(xian)(xian)(xian)路末端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高(gao)，并(bing)(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來產(chan)生無功(gong)以減(jian)小線(xian)(xian)(xian)路無功(gong)輸(shu)送(song)，減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓損(sun)壞；串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于長線(xian)(xian)(xian)路補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)（減(jian)小阻(zu)(zu)抗）等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站內廣泛安裝了無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi) ，用(yong)(yong)(yong)來就地無功(gong)平衡(heng)，減(jian)少線(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓水(shui)平。

（2）有源補償(chang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)

通常為(wei)并聯連(lian)接式的(de)，用于維持末(mo)端電壓恒定，能對連(lian)接處的(de)微(wei)小電壓偏移做出反應，準確 地發出或吸收無(wu)功功率的(de)修正量。如(ru)用飽和電抗(kang)器(qi)作為(wei)內(nei)在固有控(kong)制，用同步補(bu)(bu)償(chang)器(qi)和可控(kong)硅控(kong)制的(de)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)器(qi)作為(wei)外部控(kong)制的(de)方式。

2.3 無功補(bu)償設(she)備的作(zuo)用

（1）改善功(gong)率因(yin)數(shu)：盡量(liang)避免發電機(ji)降(jiang)低功(gong)率因(yin)數(shu)運行，防止向遠方負載(zai)輸送無(wu)功(gong)引起電壓和功(gong)率損耗(hao)，應在(zai)用戶處實(shi)行低功(gong)率因(yin)數(shu)限(xian)制，即采取就地無(wu)功(gong)補償措施(shi)。

（2）改善電(dian)壓調節(jie)(jie)：負載(zai)對(dui)無功需(xu)求的(de)(de)變化(hua)，會引(yin)起供(gong)電(dian)點電(dian)壓的(de)(de)變化(hua) ，對(dui)這(zhe)種(zhong)變化(hua)若從電(dian)源端進行調節(jie)(jie)，會引(yin)起一些問題(ti)，而補償設備就起著維持供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓在規(gui)定范圍內的(de)(de)重要(yao)作(zuo)用。

（3）調(diao)節負(fu)載(zai)的平衡性：當(dang)正常(chang)運行中出現(xian)三相(xiang)不對稱運行時，會出現(xian)負(fu)序(xu)、零序(xu)分量，將產生(sheng)附加損耗，使整流器(qi)波紋系數增加，引起變壓(ya)器(qi)飽和(he)等，經補償設備就可使不平衡負(fu)載(zai)變成平衡負(fu)載(zai)。

3 變電站的實時無功(gong)補(bu)償

變(bian)電(dian)站的無功補償主要是(shi)對主變(bian)的補償。為了實(shi)行實(shi)時(shi)無功補償，提出了一種全網無功補償和電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)優(you)化(hua)實(shi)時(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方法，提高(gao)全網各(ge)節(jie)點(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)合格(ge)率，減少網損，取得較(jiao)好的經(jing)濟性。以(yi)全網網損盡(jin)量小(xiao)、各(ge)節(jie)點(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)合格(ge)為目標(biao)，以(yi)調度(du)中(zhong)心(xin)為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)，以(yi)各(ge)變(bian)電(dian)站的有載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)接頭調節(jie)與電(dian)容器(qi)投切為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)手(shou)段。首先從調度(du)自動化(hua)系統采(cai)集數據(ju)，送入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)模(mo)塊和無功分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)模(mo)塊進(jin)行綜合分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)，形(xing)成(cheng)變(bian)電(dian)站主變(bian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)接頭調節(jie)指令、變(bian)電(dian)站電(dian)容器(qi)投切指令，由調度(du)中(zhong)心(xin)、集控(kong)(kong)中(zhong)心(xin)、配調中(zhong)心(xin)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統執行，循環(huan)往復。

變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調(diao)整(zheng)首(shou)先考慮(lv)系統的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)，在(zai)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)不足的(de)情況下，首(shou)要的(de)是(shi)投(tou)運無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)補(bu)償設(she)備(bei)(bei)，而不能只靠(kao)調(diao)整(zheng)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)方(fang)法。通常變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站并聯電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)作為無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償設(she)備(bei)(bei)，變(bian)電(dian)(dian)運行(xing)值班人員必(bi)須(xu)合理適時(shi)地投(tou)運電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)組；反之，系統無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)過剩的(de)時(shi)候，要及(ji)時(shi)退出無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償設(she)備(bei)(bei)。當在(zai)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)源相對充裕的(de)時(shi)候，通過有載調(diao)壓(ya)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)來調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)在(zai)各(ge)種運行(xing)方(fang)式下保證電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)質量的(de)關(guan)鍵手(shou)段。

電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的接(jie)線(xian)方式(shi)通常分為(wei)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)和星(xing)形(xing)(xing)兩種。此外，還有雙三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)和雙星(xing)形(xing)(xing)之分。一(yi)般(ban)變電(dian)(dian)站采用的都是星(xing)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)線(xian)，星(xing)形(xing)(xing)接(jie)線(xian)最大(da)優點(dian)是可(ke)以(yi)選擇多種保護方式(shi)，少數電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)因故障(zhang)(zhang)擊穿短(duan)路后(hou)，單臺的保護熔絲可(ke)以(yi)將故障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)迅速切(qie)除，不致造成電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)爆炸(zha)。電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)一(yi)次側(ce)接(jie)有串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)和并聯(lian)放電(dian)(dian)線(xian)圈。

由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組需要經常(chang)進(jin)行(xing)投入、切(qie)除操作，其間(jian)隔可能(neng)很(hen)(hen)短，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間(jian)儲存有大量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，不能(neng)自行(xing)很(hen)(hen)快消失，在(zai)短時間(jian)內，其極(ji)間(jian)有很(hen)(hen)高(gao)的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，待再次合閘(zha)(zha)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓疊加(jia)，將會產生(sheng)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)的過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，危(wei)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)和系統(tong)的安全運行(xing)。因此(ci)，必須安裝放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)，將它和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)并聯，形成(cheng)LC（感容(rong)(rong)）并聯諧振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)在(zai)諧振中消耗掉。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)配套設(she)施設(she)置的串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)是為了限(xian)制合閘(zha)(zha)涌流和限(xian)制諧波。

參考文獻：