農產品市場管理辦法范文

時間:2024-03-05 18:10:44

導語:如何才能寫好一(yi)篇(pian)農(nong)產(chan)品市場管理(li)辦法,這(zhe)就需要搜(sou)集(ji)整理(li)更多的(de)資(zi)料和文(wen)獻(xian),歡迎閱(yue)讀(du)由(you)公務(wu)員之家整理(li)的(de)十篇(pian)范文(wen),供你借鑒。

篇1

農產品市場體系(xi)不斷完善。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)制(zhi)定(ding)并組(zu)織實(shi)施了(le)《“十一(yi)五”時期(qi)(qi)全國農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系(xi)建(jian)設規劃(hua)》,指導各地(di)有序(xu)推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系(xi)建(jian)設。據統計(ji),目前我國已(yi)有農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)批(pi)發市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)4300多(duo)個(ge),在(zai)區(qu)域布局上實(shi)現(xian)了(le)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)和銷區(qu)全覆蓋,在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)類型上實(shi)現(xian)了(le)綜合性(xing)和專業(ye)性(xing)互(hu)補(bu)充,在(zai)經(jing)營范圍上實(shi)現(xian)了(le)種植、畜牧、水產(chan)(chan)等(deng)(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)全包(bao)容(rong)。同時,農(nong)(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)數量穩定(ding)在(zai)25000家(jia)左右,超市(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)通(tong)中的(de)比重(zhong)穩步(bu)增加(jia),農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)期(qi)(qi)貨上市(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)種達到13個(ge)。以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)批(pi)發市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)為主(zhu)渠道(dao),以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)零售終端為基礎,以(yi)連鎖超市(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)現(xian)代流(liu)通(tong)方式(shi)為先導,以(yi)期(qi)(qi)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)為補(bu)充的(de)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系(xi)已(yi)基本形成。

農產品流通設施明顯改善。農業部在全國組織實施了旨在提升流通設施和市場管理水平的“農產品批發市場升級拓展5520工程”,積極引導多元投入,推動農產品批發市場強化基礎設施建設,拓展市場服務功能,提升市場經營管理水平。制定了《農業部定點市場管理辦法》,促進大中型批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)規范管理,到(dao)“十一五”期末,農(nong)業部(bu)定點市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)總數達到(dao)776家。與(yu)商務部(bu)簽署合作(zuo)框架(jia)協議(yi),完善部(bu)門(men)協調機制,共同推進農(nong)產品(pin)流通設(she)施建(jian)設(she)。發(fa)(fa)揮中國農(nong)產品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)協會作(zuo)用,加強批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)與(yu)管理經驗交流,引導批(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)開展(zhan)現代化(hua)建(jian)設(she)。

農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)會展經濟蓬勃發展。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部主(zhu)辦一批大型(xing)展會影響力不(bu)斷提(ti)升(sheng),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部每(mei)年參與(yu)聯辦的省級(ji)展會已(yi)達(da)30多場(chang)(chang)。據不(bu)完全統計,近兩年每(mei)年全國(guo)縣級(ji)以上農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部門累(lei)計舉(ju)辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)展會及各種展示推介活動(dong)700多場(chang)(chang)次(ci),開辟網絡促銷專欄或舉(ju)辦網上對接會6000多個。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)系統每(mei)年還組織參加海外各種展會10多場(chang)(chang)。依托中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)信息(xi)網建立(li)網上交易平(ping)臺,“十一五(wu)”期(qi)間累(lei)計供求(qiu)信息(xi)近150萬(wan)條。針對鮮(xian)活農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)(xing)、區(qu)域性(xing)(xing)和(he)結(jie)構性(xing)(xing)賣(mai)難,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部組織銷區(qu)與(yu)產區(qu)對接,建立(li)了日(ri)常(chang)購銷對接機制。

篇2

2007,是“后WTO時代”的第一(yi)年,商品交易市場將會進一(yi)步開(kai)放,“調整創新”仍(reng)是主題。

2006年新變化

(一)出臺了《農產品(pin)質量安全法》

《農(nong)產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)法》11月1日(ri)起開始(shi)實(shi)施,該法建立了農(nong)產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)監(jian)測和監(jian)督抽查制度(du),明確將(jiang)蟲(chong)多、藥多的(de)5類農(nong)產品堵在市(shi)場大門(men)外(wai),這標志著(zhu)我(wo)國的(de)農(nong)產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)管理全(quan)面(mian)納入法制化軌道,對我(wo)國4000多家農(nong)產品批發市(shi)場具有直接影響。

(二)啟動了一系列“工(gong)程”政策

1、“雙百市場(chang)工程”

商(shang)務部出臺(tai)了(le)“雙百(bai)市場(chang)(chang)工程”,扶(fu)持100家農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)流通企(qi)業(ye),培(pei)育100個國家級標準化農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)批發(fa)市場(chang)(chang),這是直接涉及商(shang)品(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)市場(chang)(chang)的(de)政策。

2、5520工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和(he)“百百萬萬”工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)

農業部啟動了(le)5520工(gong)程(cheng)――即農業部升(sheng)級(ji)拓展(zhan)5520工(gong)程(cheng),在(zai)5年內重點(dian)(dian)扶持建設(she)(she)500個農產品批(pi)發市場,推進市場改造(zao)升(sheng)級(ji)和拓展(zhan)業務(wu)功能,具體(ti)內容有20項;國家質量(liang)檢驗檢疫總局啟動了(le)“百(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)萬(wan)”工(gong)程(cheng)――即在(zai)2006-2007年,將100種重點(dian)(dian)產品納入監管(guan)網(wang),在(zai)100個重點(dian)(dian)城市區域進行重點(dian)(dian)推廣(guang),在(zai)10000個商場設(she)(she)立信(xin)息查詢終端,在(zai)每個省設(she)(she)立10000臺方便(bian)消費(fei)者的(de)查詢終端等(deng)。

3、出臺了一(yi)些相應政策(ce)

間接涉(she)及商品交易市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)有(you)(you)《關(guan)于(yu)外(wai)國投資者并(bing)購境內企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定》、《國內貿易的(de)(de)(de)(de)“十一五(wu)(wu)”規劃》、《農村市(shi)(shi)(shi)場體系建設(she)“十一五(wu)(wu)”規劃》、《利用(yong)外(wai)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)“十一五(wu)(wu)”規劃》、《零售商促(cu)銷行為管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)》、《零售商供應商公(gong)平交易管(guan)理(li)管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)》、《成品油市(shi)(shi)(shi)場管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)》、《原油市(shi)(shi)(shi)場管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)》等(deng)。國家糧食局出臺了《關(guan)于(yu)完善糧食流通(tong)體制改(gai)革政策(ce)措施的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)》、《關(guan)于(yu)進一步推(tui)進國有(you)(you)糧食企業(ye)改(gai)革和發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)》等(deng)。

4、出(chu)臺了一系(xi)列標準

2006年(nian)出臺了許多標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),如《攤位制建材市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》,《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(fan)》、《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(fan)實(shi)施(shi)細則》,《品(pin)(pin)牌市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等級評定》,《大(da)(da)(da)型農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)質量安全可追溯系統(tong)建設(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》、《大(da)(da)(da)型農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)安全監控中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)建設(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》、《大(da)(da)(da)型農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)檢驗檢測(ce)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)建設(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》、《大(da)(da)(da)型農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)(pi)(pi)發(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)廢棄物處(chu)理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)建設(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》、《大(da)(da)(da)型農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)企(qi)業(ye)項目建設(she)(she)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》等。北京(jing)市(shi)(shi)“十(shi)一五”期間(jian)實(shi)行(xing)建材質量登(deng)錄(lu)制度等,為商品(pin)(pin)交易市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規范(fan)(fan)化發(fa)(fa)展提出了新(xin)要求等。

5、國家發改委再次組(zu)織國債項目

國(guo)家發改委為進一步建立和(he)(he)完善全國(guo)農產品(pin)(pin)批發市場(chang)信息采(cai)集(ji)網(wang)絡和(he)(he)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測網(wang)絡,提高(gao)骨(gu)干(gan)農產品(pin)(pin)批發市場(chang)交易規模(mo)和(he)(he)檔次,再次組織(zhi)申報2007年農產品(pin)(pin)批發市場(chang)國(guo)債項目工作。

6、財(cai)政部支持物流信(xin)息平臺(tai)、配(pei)送(song)和交(jiao)易(yi)平臺(tai)

財政部2006年下撥農(nong)村物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務(wu)體系專項資(zi)金,以支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)村支(zhi)持(chi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)信息平(ping)臺、配(pei)送和交易平(ping)臺建設,對促進農(nong)產品交易市場(chang)體系具有(you)推動(dong)和示范作用。

2006年新趨勢

2006年是我國入世5周年,也(ye)(ye)是商(shang)業對外全面開放兩周年,也(ye)(ye)是商(shang)品交(jiao)易市(shi)場結(jie)構性調(diao)整、升級的一年,其特點可以歸納(na)為11個方面:

(一)大型(xing)化(hua)趨勢――我國(guo)年交(jiao)易額達百億(yi)元以上的商(shang)品交(jiao)易市場(chang)已經有數十(shi)個,上海物貿中心有色金屬交(jiao)易市場(chang)交(jiao)易額預(yu)計(ji)超過600億(yi)元,中國(guo)小(xiao)商(shang)品城交(jiao)易額預(yu)計(ji)接(jie)近達到700億(yi)元。

(二)專(zhuan)業化趨勢――出現了一批專(zhuan)業化、批發為主的商(shang)品交(jiao)易市(shi)場(chang),在商(shang)品交(jiao)易市(shi)場(chang)總數中,專(zhuan)業市(shi)場(chang)所占比例(li)增(zeng)大(da),批發經營(ying)的商(shang)品交(jiao)易市(shi)場(chang)所占比例(li)增(zeng)大(da)。

(三)國(guo)際化趨勢(shi)――出(chu)現(xian)了一(yi)批國(guo)際化的商品交易(yi)市場,以外向(xiang)型為主(zhu)要特征,

(四)品(pin)牌化(hua)趨勢(shi)――許多(duo)市(shi)(shi)場大力推(tui)進品(pin)牌化(hua)建設。2006年(nian)11月8日,中國(guo)商業聯合會了協會標準――《品(pin)牌市(shi)(shi)場等級評(ping)定》(CGCC/T0001―2006),2006年(nian)12月1日起實(shi)施。許多(duo)商品(pin)交易市(shi)(shi)場探索了品(pin)牌建設的途徑(jing)。

(五)多功(gong)能趨勢――商(shang)品交易(yi)市(shi)場的多種功(gong)能展現出來。

(六)交(jiao)易(yi)所趨勢――三大石(shi)化(hua)商品交(jiao)易(yi)市場建(jian)立。

(七)網絡化趨勢――各種模式網絡交易市場得到了迅速發展。

(八)改造(zao)升級化趨勢――城鄉商品交易市場在穩(wen)定規模的基礎上改造(zao)升級加快。

(九(jiu))開放(fang)化趨勢――體制改革和市場開放(fang)促進商品(pin)交易市場的(de)發展(zhan)

(十)制度化趨勢(shi)――重點聯系(xi)制度引導商品交(jiao)易市場發展

(十(shi)一)創新化趨勢――建材裝飾市場(chang)出現一些新的(de)特點(dian)

(十二(er))新期貨品(pin)種出(chu)臺趨勢――2006年商品(pin)期貨市場也十分(fen)活躍

2007年新主題

2007年是我國完成入(ru)世過渡(du)期后的第一(yi)年,2006年11月,我國成品(pin)油、原油批發(fa)經營權(quan)放(fang)開(kai),化肥分銷權(quan)也放(fang)開(kai),我國的商品(pin)交(jiao)易市(shi)(shi)場進一(yi)步開(kai)放(fang),“調整創新”是商品(pin)交(jiao)易市(shi)(shi)場的主題(ti)。

(一)從藍海戰略到長(chang)尾(wei)理(li)論――調整的(de)理(li)論

長尾理論就是(shi)互聯網時代的(de)(de)大規(gui)模定制(zhi)。定制(zhi)的(de)(de)優(you)點很明顯:第(di)(di)一(yi),物(wu)以稀為貴,定制(zhi)產品(pin)經濟具有(you)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)價值;第(di)(di)二(er),由于價值中(zhong)包(bao)含的(de)(de)個性化成分較高(gao)(gao)(gao),是(shi)不可(ke)(ke)替(ti)代的(de)(de),定制(zhi)產品(pin)往往處于價值鏈的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)端;第(di)(di)三,由于定制(zhi)產品(pin)具有(you)異質性,與(yu)其他(ta)產品(pin)不具可(ke)(ke)比性,是(shi)回避(bi)競爭、比較“藍海”的(de)(de)。定制(zhi)的(de)(de)缺(que)點集中(zhong)在一(yi)點,就是(shi)規(gui)模不經濟。

如何降低“規模(mo)不經(jing)濟”產(chan)(chan)品的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben),使之(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“經(jing)濟的(de)”,是大規模(mo)定制的(de)難(nan)(nan)點所在。由(you)于(yu)信息化改變了生產(chan)(chan)條件,終于(yu)解決了這個難(nan)(nan)題。知識的(de)共同消費性加上網絡的(de)邊際成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)遞(di)減(jian)特(te)性,使小規模(mo)生產(chan)(chan)和銷(xiao)售可以取得(de)原來(lai)只有(you)靠大規模(mo)制造(zao)才能(neng)(neng)達到的(de)低成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)水(shui)平,甚至還可能(neng)(neng)實現更低的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、更高的(de)利潤(run)。這就是長尾(wei)理論要解決的(de)核心(xin)問題。

(二(er))加快我國(guo)商品交易(yi)市場在結構性調整

2000年以(yi)來,我(wo)國商品(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場在結構調整中(zhong)發展(zhan),以(yi)消費品(pin)(pin)商品(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場為例(li),總體市(shi)(shi)(shi)場規模(mo)趨(qu)(qu)于減(jian)小,而城市(shi)(shi)(shi)商品(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場呈現先減(jian)少(shao)、后增加的趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi),農村(cun)商品(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場呈現減(jian)少(shao)趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)。

(三)針(zhen)對區(qu)域性商鋪過剩(sheng)的矛盾,加強市場規劃與(yu)管理(li)

據統計,中(zhong)國商(shang)業地產(chan)進入高(gao)速(su)發(fa)展期,2008年前后商(shang)業地產(chan)的(de)開發(fa)將達(da)到高(gao)峰,閑置率擴大,矛(mao)盾更(geng)加突出,不少城市趨(qu)于飽和(he)狀態。

北京商(shang)鋪供(gong)過于求,京城商(shang)業(ye)地(di)產“井噴” 高(gao)端物業(ye)仍(reng)存缺口(kou)。其(qi)中(zhong),單純優質零(ling)(ling)售物業(ye)(包含高(gao)檔購物中(zhong)心、百貨商(shang)場(chang)和著名商(shang)業(ye)街)供(gong)應量達到95萬平方米。與供(gong)應形成鮮明(ming)對比(bi)的(de)是,在(zai)2010年前,北京對于零(ling)(ling)售物業(ye)的(de)需求也(ye)會增(zeng)長(chang),但相比(bi)較地(di)產供(gong)應,增(zeng)幅小得(de)多,由此(ci)2006年北京零(ling)(ling)售地(di)產供(gong)需將面臨新的(de)博弈。

(四)加(jia)快商品交易市(shi)場(chang)改造(zao)提升

抓住機(ji)遇加快進行商品交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場改造提升(sheng)包括(kuo)三部分內容(rong):第(di)一(yi),重(zhong)點(dian)建設市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)物流信息公共服(fu)務平(ping)臺,包括(kuo)以(yi)助(zhu)農(nong)增收為重(zhong)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)品、農(nong)資等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要涉農(nong)物資的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場價格、供求狀況以(yi)及科(ke)技等(deng)(deng)信息服(fu)務;第(di)二(er),物流配(pei)送(song)中心(xin)(xin)升(sheng)級改造,包括(kuo)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)送(song)中心(xin)(xin)本身功能(neng)改造及配(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷鏈儲運系統(tong)等(deng)(deng);第(di)三,建立和完善電(dian)子交易(yi)平(ping)臺,包括(kuo)農(nong)資及農(nong)副產(chan)品集(ji)散地、主銷區大型市(shi)(shi)場以(yi)及產(chan)區能(neng)夠帶動地方特色(se)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子交易(yi)平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設。生產(chan)資料市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子交易(yi)、日(ri)用工業(ye)品市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子化管理(li)、農(nong)產(chan)品市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)改造提升(sheng)(如農(nong)貿市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)改造、標準(zhun)化菜市(shi)(shi)場建設)。

(五)特色(se)、綠色(se)、和諧、品牌(pai)市(shi)場建設成為主(zhu)流(liu)

許(xu)多(duo)地方將(jiang)建設(she)特(te)色(se)(se)市(shi)場,如北(bei)京2008年前計劃培育(yu)一些具有地域特(te)色(se)(se)和(he)人文(wen)特(te)色(se)(se)的特(te)色(se)(se)市(shi)場,如潘家園舊貨市(shi)場、紅橋市(shi)場、古玩城等。

特色市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指具(ju)有(you)(you)一定傳統文化特色的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指其他(ta)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)沒有(you)(you)不可(ke)模(mo)擬的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);綠(lv)(lv)色市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指符(fu)合《農副產(chan)品(pin)綠(lv)(lv)色批(pi)發市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)》(GB/T19220-2003)和《農副產(chan)品(pin)綠(lv)(lv)色零(ling)售市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)》(GB/T19221-2003)標準(zhun)的(de)批(pi)發市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)或零(ling)售市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),今后(hou)綠(lv)(lv)色市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)可(ke)以放大(da)到日用工(gong)業品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和生產(chan)資(zi)料市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)領域;和諧市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內部的(de)各交易當(dang)事人規范運(yun)作,共同實現商品(pin)流(liu)通渠道轉的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);品(pin)牌市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規模(mo)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)輻射(she)面、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環境(jing)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)安全、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理、品(pin)牌市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、守信等方面具(ju)有(you)(you)良好社(she)會形象(xiang)的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。商務(wu)部“十一五”規劃計劃培育500家綠(lv)(lv)色農副產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。

(六(liu))加快市場服(fu)務中心的(de)再轉型

自2007年1月(yue)1日起,天(tian)津(jin)市將(jiang)全(quan)面停止收取(qu)集(ji)貿市場(chang)管理(li)費(fei)和(he)個體工商(shang)戶管理(li)費(fei),工商(shang)行政管理(li)部門所需相關(guan)經費(fei)將(jiang)由財(cai)政資(zi)金給予(yu)保障。今后各地市場(chang)服務(wu)(wu)中心將(jiang)迎接工商(shang)行政管理(li)部門管理(li)費(fei)取(qu)消的趨勢(shi),通過提供多種服務(wu)(wu),獲(huo)取(qu)相應的物業(ye)費(fei)和(he)服務(wu)(wu)費(fei)收入。

(七)加強商品交易(yi)市(shi)場的管理創新

我國(guo)(guo)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市場(chang)正從(cong)規(gui)模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)向(xiang)管理(li)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發展,為商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)提供增值服(fu)務,創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)消費形(xing)式,提升商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)信用水平、打(da)造品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌市場(chang)已(yi)成為當(dang)前(qian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市場(chang)競爭(zheng)的(de)核(he)心。中國(guo)(guo)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市場(chang)迅猛發展的(de)同時,也在尋求管理(li)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin),一些大型(xing)的(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市場(chang)已(yi)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)出連(lian)鎖經(jing)營(ying)、網絡營(ying)銷、電子商(shang)(shang)務、國(guo)(guo)際代銷等新(xin)(xin)的(de)業(ye)務模(mo)式。為商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)提供增值服(fu)務,引導消費者創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)消費,打(da)造信用良好的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌市場(chang)已(yi)經(jing)成為商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交易(yi)市場(chang)的(de)發展方向(xiang)。

(八)創(chuang)造條件推出(chu)新的(de)期貨品種

篇3

一、我區農(nong)產品質量安全監管工作取得主要成(cheng)效

近幾年來(lai),我區農(nong)業行政主(zhu)管部門認(ren)真履行法律賦予的重要(yao)職責,通(tong)過切實(shi)加(jia)強農(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)市場管理,制定農(nong)業標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)技術規范,逐步推行標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)。加(jia)大有機食(shi)品(pin)、綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)、無公害食(shi)品(pin)及其無公害生產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地的證和(he)認(ren)定工(gong)作(zuo),加(jia)強標識管理,開(kai)展集中專項整治行動(dong)等(deng),農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)監管工(gong)作(zuo)取得了一(yi)定成效,農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)水平總體(ti)穩(wen)步提(ti)高(gao)。主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)現在:

(一(yi))農產品質量安(an)全抽檢合格率(lv)(lv)一(yi)直保(bao)持較高水平。自年以來,全區(qu)開展了以蔬(shu)菜、茶葉(xie)農藥(yao)殘留和畜產品獸藥(yao)殘留檢測,累計抽檢樣品1780個,檢測合格率(lv)(lv)為100%。全區(qu)未發(fa)生因(yin)農產品質量安(an)全問(wen)題而引起的重大中毒(du)事件。

(二)全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)重(zhong)視農產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)氛圍正逐步形(xing)成。在溫飽(bao)問題解決之后(hou),消費(fei)者的(de)觀念便從吃得飽(bao)向(xiang)吃得好、吃得健康轉(zhuan)變,消費(fei)者的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)意(yi)識逐漸增(zeng)強。生(sheng)產者為增(zeng)強農產品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭力,生(sheng)產行為逐步規范,質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)意(yi)識明顯增(zeng)強。區(qu)委(wei)、區(qu)政府農產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)工作納入(ru)重(zhong)要議事日程,人大實施監督(du),政協(xie)密切關注(zhu)(zhu)。一個全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)關注(zhu)(zhu)農產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)氛圍正在形(xing)成。

(三)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)穩步推進。為實施國(guo)家(jia)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害食(shi)(shi)品(pin)行動計(ji)劃”,在(zai)區(qu)政府的鼓勵和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)主管部門的指導下,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工企(qi)業(ye)加大了產(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)定和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)力度,培(pei)育(yu)了一批在(zai)市(shi)場上有(you)(you)較高知(zhi)名度的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。截止目前,全區(qu)通過中國(guo)綠(lv)色(se)品(pin)發展中心(xin)認(ren)證(zheng)的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)已(yi)達到18個(其中,有(you)(you)機(ji)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)4個,綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)5個,無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)9個),先后扶持建立了3萬畝蔬菜、1萬畝茶(cha)葉、4萬畝中藥(yao)材、10萬畝干果、2萬頭生(sheng)豬(zhu)等無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害種養殖(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)。其中木魚有(you)(you)機(ji)茶(cha)、宋洛生(sheng)豬(zhu)養殖(zhi)基地(di)已(yi)通過產(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)定。通過無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示范基地(di)的建設,農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)水平(ping)有(you)(you)所提高,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全有(you)(you)所改(gai)善。

二、存(cun)在(zai)的(de)主要問題

雖然(ran)我區的農(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全監(jian)管工(gong)作取(qu)得了一定成績,但(dan)必須清醒地看到,農(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全形(xing)勢仍不(bu)容樂(le)觀(guan),農(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全監(jian)管存(cun)在的問(wen)題依然(ran)不(bu)少。

(一)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監管的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)規尚不(bu)(bu)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。目(mu)前農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監管的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要法(fa)(fa)(fa)律依據是(shi)《農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》和年(nian)實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)《食品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》,但與之相配套的(de)(de)(de)地方性(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)規和實(shi)施(shi)細則缺位,在實(shi)行農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)分(fen)段(duan)管理過程(cheng)(cheng)中部門監管界限(xian)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)確,各環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)銜接(jie)措(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)(bu)到位,監管責任(ren)不(bu)(bu)落實(shi),難于實(shi)行全(quan)(quan)(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)監管,缺乏明(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)合格農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)退(tui)市(shi)制度和法(fa)(fa)(fa)律依據等。

(二)農(nong)業標(biao)準(zhun)化建(jian)設滯后。實行農(nong)業標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)是解決農(nong)產(chan)品質量安全的治本之策(ce),農(nong)業部和農(nong)業廳雖然制(zhi)定了(le)部分農(nong)業標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)標(biao)準(zhun),我區(qu)也制(zhi)定了(le)部分農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規范,但在生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)難于(yu)推廣應用,沒有落到實處。全區(qu)農(nong)產(chan)品按標(biao)準(zhun)或規范組(zu)織生(sheng)產(chan)的還不到10%。

(三)農產品質(zhi)量安全監管體系(xi)尚(shang)不完善。

目前,我區雖然成(cheng)立(li)了農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安全監管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)領導(dao)小組(zu),農(nong)(nong)業主管(guan)(guan)部門也成(cheng)立(li)了監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦公室,但鄉鎮還沒(mei)有相應的(de)機(ji)構也沒(mei)有監管(guan)(guan)人員,監管(guan)(guan)工作缺乏(fa)系統、連貫、整體性,造成(cheng)監管(guan)(guan)工作難(nan)度較(jiao)大。同時,我區缺乏(fa)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安全檢(jian)測(ce)設(she)備,對生產(chan)基地、企(qi)業、農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場、養殖場、超市(shi)的(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)難(nan)以做到心中有數,無法(fa)開展農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)安全自檢(jian)。因此,完善(shan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安全檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)設(she)備迫在眉睫。

(四)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)投(tou)入(ru)嚴重(zhong)不足。農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)是(shi)我(wo)們必須把握的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)農業發展新趨勢,那要抓好農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo),必須加大對質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)人(ren)、財(cai)、物投(tou)入(ru),今年農業部門(men)積極爭取(qu),在林區(qu)政府的(de)(de)重(zhong)視支持下,從財(cai)政收入(ru)中雖然解決了5萬元的(de)(de)監管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)經費,但只是(shi)杯水(shui)車薪(xin),在監測(ce)上沒(mei)有安(an)(an)排專項經費,沒(mei)有檢測(ce)手段,與當前農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)要求不相(xiang)適應,農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)監測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)和(he)力度很難(nan)到位(wei)。

三、加(jia)強我區(qu)農產(chan)品質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)監管(guan)工(gong)作的建議

(一(yi))探索建立(li)農產品質量(liang)安全監管(guan)組(zu)織管(guan)理機制(zhi)

1、建(jian)立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)自我約(yue)束機制(zhi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan),首(shou)要的問題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要落實責(ze)任,實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)自我管理(li),自我約(yue)束,不能立(li)足(zu)于政(zheng)府(fu)大包大攬。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)作(zuo)(zuo)為人們生(sheng)(sheng)活的基本食品(pin),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)又十分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)散(san)(san),完全(quan)靠政(zheng)府(fu)包攬質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)難(nan)以做到的,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)效果的。因此(ci),探索建(jian)立(li)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)自我約(yue)束機制(zhi),一方(fang)面能依法(fa)落實包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)、個體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)戶、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售(shou)企業和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)專業合作(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)濟組(zu)織在內的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)第一責(ze)任。例如,針對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷售(shou)企業和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)專業化合作(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)濟組(zu)織農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li),相關法(fa)律有(you)嚴格(ge)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)的規定;另一方(fang)面,能圍(wei)繞(rao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和交易等關鍵環(huan)節,通過自我約(yue)束有(you)效加強基地(di)和市場(chang)組(zu)織管理(li),著力解(jie)決由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)分(fen)(fen)散(san)(san)而致使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)難(nan)以有(you)效保障的問題(ti)。

2、建立農(nong)(nong)產質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)監(jian)督機制。一(yi)是依托(tuo)農(nong)(nong)村基(ji)層(ceng)組(zu)織(zhi),鼓(gu)勵農(nong)(nong)民建立專業(ye)合作(zuo)經濟組(zu)織(zhi),加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)產品生產基(ji)地管(guan)(guan)理(li),實現農(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)自(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)教育、自(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、自(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)服務;二是依托(tuo)基(ji)層(ceng)組(zu)織(zhi)建立協(xie)(xie)會,將基(ji)層(ceng)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)職(zhi)責與農(nong)(nong)民自(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)有(you)機結(jie)合。基(ji)地農(nong)(nong)民相(xiang)鄰而居,生產生活聯系緊密,日常(chang)交流頻繁(fan)暢通,擁有(you)共同(tong)的(de)風俗習慣,只要加(jia)強(qiang)日常(chang)宣傳引(yin)導,很容易形成主(zhu)導性的(de)、共同(tong)的(de)、具有(you)約束力的(de)觀念(nian)意識(shi)(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)意識(shi)(shi)一(yi)旦形成,群眾即(ji)會互(hu)相(xiang)監(jian)督。在條件成熟的(de)地域再加(jia)以(yi)協(xie)(xie)會框架下實行小組(zu)質(zhi)(zhi)量聯保的(de)辦(ban)法(fa),即(ji)一(yi)戶出問題,要連(lian)累小組(zu)其它成員,這(zhe)(zhe)樣會大大強(qiang)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)的(de)群眾內(nei)部監(jian)督控制。

(二(er))探索建立農產品(pin)質量安(an)全全程管理機(ji)制

保障農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan),必(bi)須建立(li)包括產(chan)地(di)環境管理(li)(li)(li)、農(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)管理(li)(li)(li)、農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)(li)(li)、農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)管理(li)(li)(li)及(ji)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工、消費(fei)管理(li)(li)(li)等在(zai)內的從農(nong)田到餐桌的全(quan)程(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)制。結合我區(qu)實際,實行生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環節基地(di)準(zhun)出和流(liu)通(tong)(tong)環節的市場準(zhun)入(ru)管理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)保障我區(qu)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)最有效(xiao)措施。

1、建立基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)準出(chu)(chu)管(guan)理(li)(li)機制。基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)準出(chu)(chu)就是(shi)以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、協(xie)會(hui)為管(guan)理(li)(li)主體,全(quan)面(mian)執行(xing)(xing)系列管(guan)理(li)(li)制度,推行(xing)(xing)標準化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),確保從(cong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)流出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)。一(yi)是(shi)要深入開展(zhan)培訓和(he)(he)宣傳。要求農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民或農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者嚴(yan)格按(an)照國家規(gui)定和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)、執行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規(gui)程;二是(shi)切實(shi)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)技術(shu)指導。特別是(shi)在(zai)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),要實(shi)行(xing)(xing)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)用(yong)藥(yao)定點(dian)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)制度,統一(yi)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)供應,嚴(yan)把(ba)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)來源關,并根(gen)據技物(wu)(wu)結合(he)(he)方針,推行(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)人員咨詢和(he)(he)用(yong)藥(yao)處方制度,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)指導和(he)(he)服務(wu);三(san)是(shi)建立生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄。按(an)照作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)批(pi)次,詳(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)記錄產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)播種、收獲、加(jia)(jia)工過程及(ji)化肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、添加(jia)(jia)劑等農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督;四是(shi)開展(zhan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)。對(dui)上(shang)市銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)上(shang)市前要認(ren)真進行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce),檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)合(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)要出(chu)(chu)具檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)報告并隨貨同行(xing)(xing),不合(he)(he)格產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)上(shang)市銷(xiao)售(shou)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)要自(zi)行(xing)(xing)建立或委(wei)托檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)機構開展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。尚不具備檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),可(ke)由農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)或農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)委(wei)托公益性檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)機構,根(gen)據生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄和(he)(he)相關情況,有計(ji)劃、有針對(dui)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian),并向被(bei)抽(chou)查(cha)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶出(chu)(chu)具質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)報告單。不合(he)(he)格產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)流出(chu)(chu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),并根(gen)據協(xie)會(hui)章程和(he)(he)相應管(guan)理(li)(li)制度對(dui)相關農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶進行(xing)(xing)教(jiao)育(yu)處理(li)(li);五是(shi)進行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝標識。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)要依法(fa)對(dui)所生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)包(bao)裝標識,詳(xiang)(xiang)細(xi)注明品(pin)(pin)(pin)名、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)日期、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者、質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)等方面(mian)情況,抓好農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)、協(xie)會(hui)門(men)檻產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)準出(chu)(chu)制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),是(shi)構筑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)道防(fang)線。

2、建立市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)準入(ru)(ru)管(guan)(guan)理機(ji)制。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)準入(ru)(ru)就(jiu)是(shi)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)經營市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)為管(guan)(guan)理主體,嚴格加強產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督控制,確(que)保上市(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。凡(fan)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)我(wo)區(qu)實行(xing)(xing)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)準入(ru)(ru)銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),必須隨附四(si)項中任意一項證(zheng)明(ming)材料(liao):一是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)單位(wei)或(huo)者縣級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業行(xing)(xing)政主管(guan)(guan)部門指(zhi)定的(de)(de)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)、鄉鎮政府、村民(min)委員會出(chu)具(ju)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地證(zheng)明(ming),以(yi)及農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi))合(he)(he)格證(zheng)明(ming)(包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業合(he)(he)作經濟(ji)組織等出(chu)具(ju)的(de)(de)自(zi)律性檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)合(he)(he)格證(zheng)明(ming));二是(shi)無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)者有(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)等質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)認(ren)證(zheng)有(you)效證(zheng)書復(fu)印(yin)件,以(yi)及近一年內農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)出(chu)具(ju)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi))合(he)(he)格證(zheng)明(ming);三(san)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業合(he)(he)作經濟(ji)組織以(yi)及從事(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收購的(de)(de)個人與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體簽訂(ding)的(de)(de)已明(ming)確(que)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)責任條款的(de)(de)購銷(xiao)合(he)(he)同復(fu)印(yin)件;四(si)是(shi)進(jin)口的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)應出(chu)具(ju)我(wo)國政府認(ren)可的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)出(chu)具(ju)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(檢(jian)(jian)疫(yi))合(he)(he)格證(zheng)明(ming)。不能提供(gong)上述四(si)項中任意一項所列證(zheng)明(ming)材料(liao)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),除農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)銷(xiao)售自(zi)種自(zi)養的(de)(de)少量(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)外,必須進(jin)行(xing)(xing)抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian),抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)合(he)(he)格的(de)(de)才能銷(xiao)售。能提供(gong)上述相關(guan)證(zheng)明(ming)材料(liao)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業行(xing)(xing)政主管(guan)(guan)部門也(ye)可以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian),實行(xing)(xing)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)準入(ru)(ru)管(guan)(guan)理機(ji)制,是(shi)構(gou)(gou)筑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)第二道(dao)防線。

(三)探索建立農產(chan)品質量安全(quan)對接(jie)合作機制

農產品生產流通,面大(da)、量多、鏈條長(chang)、流轉快(kuai),如果各環節獨自為(wei)(wei)戰(zhan),不(bu)僅社會(hui)成本巨(ju)大(da),而(er)且(qie)工作(zuo)(zuo)難以為(wei)(wei)繼。因此,需要(yao)對(dui)接合作(zuo)(zuo),降低成本,規范管(guan)理。

1、探索建立農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化對接(jie)合(he)作(zuo)機制。即龍頭企(qi)業(ye)+生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)+農(nong)戶合(he)作(zuo)機制,其中龍頭企(qi)業(ye)包括農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)工(gong)營銷企(qi)業(ye);生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)可由專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)作(zuo)經濟(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品協會、或其它中介組(zu)織(zhi)進行(xing)管(guan)理。在運(yun)行(xing)過程中,龍頭企(qi)業(ye)與生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)簽(qian)訂產(chan)(chan)供銷合(he)同,明確(que)須嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)質量標準和承擔(dan)違約責任等事(shi)項;生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理者要采(cai)取更加(jia)嚴(yan)格(ge)檢測、管(guan)理措施和更加(jia)嚴(yan)厲的違約懲處措施,有效減(jian)少投(tou)機行(xing)為(wei)和消除僥幸(xing)心理,確(que)保(bao)達標生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。

2、探索建(jian)立上(shang)游(you)與下游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)之間的(de)對(dui)接合作機制(zhi)。上(shang)游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)對(dui)入(ru)(ru)場(chang)交易產(chan)品(pin)(pin),要(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)查(cha)(cha)驗有無合格(ge)產(chan)地質(zhi)(zhi)量證明(ming)(ming)(ming),合格(ge)的(de)要(yao)(yao)開具檢測合格(ge)證明(ming)(ming)(ming),并詳細載明(ming)(ming)(ming)批次、數量、質(zhi)(zhi)量情況(kuang),便(bian)于(yu)下游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)查(cha)(cha)驗。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)上(shang)游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)要(yao)(yao)利用網站、函件、通報(bao)等形式,及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)將市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)管理和農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢測等方面情況(kuang)信(xin)息向外公布;下游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)上(shang)游(you)來的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)進行全面質(zhi)(zhi)量查(cha)(cha)驗,并及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)查(cha)(cha)詢上(shang)游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)管理情況(kuang)和相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量信(xin)息,有針對(dui)性(xing)的(de)加強對(dui)流入(ru)(ru)本市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)管理。對(dui)查(cha)(cha)驗出來的(de)問(wen)題要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)向上(shang)游(you)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)反饋,便(bian)于(yu)源頭上(shang)完善。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)通報(bao)移交給當地相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門,調查(cha)(cha)核實后進行及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)有效的(de)處置。

3、探索(suo)建立基地(di)(di)自產(chan)自銷(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)與本地(di)(di)市(shi)場(chang)產(chan)銷(xiao)對接機(ji)制。自產(chan)自銷(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)與本地(di)(di)市(shi)場(chang)產(chan)銷(xiao)的對接,可由市(shi)場(chang)管理(li)者將自產(chan)自銷(xiao)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)的家庭住址、聯(lian)系(xi)方(fang)式(shi)、種(zhong)植(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、面(mian)積數(shu)量(liang)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)信息(xi)登記后,農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)、市(shi)場(chang)、基層組(zu)(zu)織或(huo)協會(hui)三方(fang)簽訂(ding)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全管理(li)協議,當地(di)(di)市(shi)場(chang)建立監(jian)管檔案,明確責任和管理(li)辦法,并向農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)發(fa)放(fang)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)自產(chan)自銷(xiao)證。農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)憑當地(di)(di)組(zu)(zu)織或(huo)協會(hui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售(shou)單(dan)在(zai)自產(chan)自銷(xiao)區銷(xiao)售(shou)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。市(shi)場(chang)對自產(chan)自銷(xiao)的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)進行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)抽查,及時掌握產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)狀況(kuang)。對抽查出(chu)的不合格(ge)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),除立即(ji)停止銷(xiao)售(shou)外,應及時會(hui)同基層組(zu)(zu)織或(huo)協會(hui)查明原因并追究農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)違約責任。通過(guo)賠償(chang)損失、上交違約金(jin)、限期改正、取消免(mian)檢(jian)資格(ge)、限禁(jin)上市(shi)出(chu)售(shou)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)一系(xi)列措施,確保自產(chan)自銷(xiao)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全。

(四)探(tan)索(suo)建(jian)立政府支持保(bao)障(zhang)機制

農產品質(zhi)量安全(quan),生(sheng)產者(zhe)(zhe)經營者(zhe)(zhe)自律是基礎,政府引導支持、監督管理是保障。

篇4

構(gou)建社會(hui)主(zhu)義和諧(xie)社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)和難點(dian)是“三(san)農(nong)(nong)”問題(ti)。解決“三(san)農(nong)(nong)”問題(ti),一個重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)任務是提高(gao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)自主(zhu)創新(xin)能力,切實增加農(nong)(nong)民收入(ru)。近年(nian)來,江津市(shi)堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)理(li)念(nian)(nian)發展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),取得(de)了“組織(zhi)最佳化(hua)、產(chan)品(pin)最優化(hua)、經(jing)營市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)、成(cheng)本(ben)最低(di)化(hua)、效益最大化(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)效果。2003年(nian)12月1日,《重(zhong)慶日報》頭版(ban)頭條以(yi)《“江津模(mo)式”的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)迪》為(wei)題(ti),報道了在重(zhong)慶農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)調整(zheng)中“給人以(yi)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)迪”的(de)(de)(de)“江津模(mo)式”。何謂“江津模(mo)式”,《重(zhong)慶日報》指出,“就(jiu)是引(yin)進城市(shi)工(gong)商資本(ben),用(yong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式進行結構(gou)調整(zheng),使農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)真(zhen)正變成(cheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)方(fang)式”,簡而言之(zhi)就(jiu)是“用(yong)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)理(li)念(nian)(nian)發展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)”。

江津是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村比重(zhong)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)級市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)(zu)(zu)成部分(fen)。從“八五(wu)”時期起,江津的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食、肉類、水果、淡水產(chan)(chan)品等農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量都進(jin)入了(le)(le)全(quan)國百(bai)強縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))行列。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)隨著(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來,特別是(shi)(shi)我國加(jia)入世貿組(zu)(zu)(zu)織以(yi)后,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢逐漸(jian)喪失。調(diao)動(dong)了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)積極性,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)一家一戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)模(mo)式嚴重(zhong)地制約(yue)了(le)(le)生產(chan)(chan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan);江津曾經(jing)(jing)進(jin)入全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)百(bai)強縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))行列,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品“好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)多(duo),多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)好(hao)”,賣(mai)難(nan)問(wen)題(ti)十分(fen)突(tu)出;農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶已(yi)成為相(xiang)對獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場主體,但(dan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)進(jin)入市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織化(hua)程度很低,千(qian)家萬戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)與(yu)千(qian)變萬化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場缺乏有機聯系;農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)得到(dao)了(le)(le)長足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)受市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場風險(xian)和(he)(he)自然風險(xian)雙重(zhong)壓力(li),投(tou)入大(da)、周期長、成本高(gao);長期困擾國民(min)(min)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品供應(ying)不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾緩(huan)解(jie)了(le)(le),但(dan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)結構不(bu)合理、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)比較效益不(bu)高(gao)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增收困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾依然突(tu)出。面對新(xin)(xin)階段(duan)、新(xin)(xin)形勢、新(xin)(xin)情況、新(xin)(xin)問(wen)題(ti),我市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從“十五(wu)”期間就(jiu)提出了(le)(le)“跳出農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)抓(zhua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),創新(xin)(xin)思(si)路調(diao)結構”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導思(si)想。特別是(shi)(shi)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“十六大(da)”勝利召開和(he)(he)重(zhong)慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“三百(bai)工(gong)程”啟動(dong)以(yi)來,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政府(fu)進(jin)一步調(diao)整了(le)(le)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略,提出“用工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)理念(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)思(si)路,把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)作為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)和(he)(he)城鎮化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。在實施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程中,用工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)理念(nian)狠(hen)抓(zhua)了(le)(le)“四大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”和(he)(he)“一個(ge)目標”:“四大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、特色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、商品農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)科技農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),“一個(ge)目標”就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)實現效益最大(da)化(hua)。

一、實施業主農業,實現組(zu)織最(zui)佳(jia)化(hua)

市委、市政(zheng)府制定了(le)(le)扶持龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的政(zheng)策,龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理辦法,成立了(le)(le)江津市農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui),大(da)(da)力(li)培育(yu)龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、新型(xing)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)和各類專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)戶,廣(guang)泛推行(xing)“公司+農戶”、“業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主+農戶”、“合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)+農戶”等“業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主制農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”模式,有效地解決了(le)(le)農民分(fen)戶經(jing)(jing)(jing)營的落(luo)后模式。目前,以(yi)(yi)國有企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、鄉(xiang)鎮企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、個體私營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、股份(fen)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為主的各類農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已達到(dao)720多家,其中(zhong)年產(chan)值500萬元以(yi)(yi)上的市級龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)55家,重慶市級龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)9家;專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)等農村新型(xing)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)158個,帶動全市約70%的農戶參與農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營,推進農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構戰略性調(diao)整。

一是在經(jing)營形式上(shang)(shang)(shang),以農業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)、業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)經(jing)營、合作經(jing)營為主(zhu),提高農業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)組織化程度(du)。目前種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經(jing)營花椒(jiao)50畝(mu)(mu)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)、業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)達(da)350多戶,帶動了全市22萬農戶、61萬農民(min)從事(shi)花椒(jiao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye),分別占(zhan)全市農戶和農民(min)總數的(de)(de)58%、56%。現已種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)3.14萬畝(mu)(mu)優質(zhi)晚熟柑橘,全部(bu)實施業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)制經(jing)營,其(qi)中(zhong)企業(ye)(ye)、業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)31家,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積1.65萬畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)總面積的(de)(de)53%;專業(ye)(ye)合作社18家,占(zhan)總面積的(de)(de)47%。二是在用地問題上(shang)(shang)(shang),以業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)轉包(bao)租賃(lin)等規模(mo)流轉為主(zhu),突破產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展用地制約(yue)。2004年(nian),全市農村土地流轉22萬余畝(mu)(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)13.8萬畝(mu)(mu)轉包(bao)出租給農業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)和業(ye)(ye)主(zhu),占(zhan)流轉總面積的(de)(de)63%。三是在資金投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)(shang),近三年(nian)來,全市由國(guo)家投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)農業(ye)(ye)資金1.2億多元,由民(min)間資本(ben)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)7億元以上(shang)(shang)(shang),其(qi)中(zhong)企業(ye)(ye)、業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)資金達(da)5.6億元,約(yue)占(zhan)民(min)間資本(ben)的(de)(de)80%,有(you)效緩(huan)解了農業(ye)(ye)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)嚴重不(bu)足的(de)(de)矛盾。

二、實施(shi)特色農業,實現產品(pin)最優化

我市堅持實施非(fei)均衡產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展戰略,充分利用(yong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)絕對優(you)勢和比較優(you)勢,科學規劃優(you)勢特(te)色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)區和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶,合理布局(ju)優(you)勢特(te)色(se)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)業(ye),大力發(fa)(fa)展特(te)色(se)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品,做到產(chan)(chan)品最優(you)化。

一是制定江津(jin)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展規劃。打造“三(san)大(da)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)”:都市農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)區(qu)(qu)(觀光農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、旅(lv)游、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、無(wu)公害(hai)蔬菜等(deng))、淺丘(qiu)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)(優(you)質(zhi)稻、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)、晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)、蠶桑(sang)、生(sheng)(sheng)豬、橄(gan)欖等(deng))、南部山(shan)區(qu)(qu)特產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(金銀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、苧(zhu)(zhu)麻(ma)、筍竹(zhu)、草食性牲畜等(deng));構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)9個(ge)優(you)勢產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶(dai):即30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)優(you)質(zhi)稻、10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)、10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)無(wu)公害(hai)蔬菜、100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)生(sheng)(sheng)豬、12萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)蠶桑(sang)、10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)橄(gan)欖、10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)中(zhong)藥(yao)材、10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)苧(zhu)(zhu)麻(ma)和10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)筍竹(zhu)優(you)勢產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶(dai)。二是培(pei)植(zhi)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。經過(guo)幾年努力(li),我(wo)市成(cheng)功建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)了(le)全(quan)國(guo)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)基地(di)(di)和出(chu)口(kou)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)基地(di)(di)。目(mu)前全(quan)市種植(zhi)“九(jiu)葉(xie)青(qing)”花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)面積達50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),超過(guo)了(le)陜西韓城(cheng)24萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)、山(shan)東萊蕪15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模(mo),一躍成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)三(san)大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)之首(shou),并建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)綠色花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)多畝(mu)。江津(jin)先后被國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化管理委員會(hui)和國(guo)家(jia)林業(ye)(ye)局確定為(wei)“九(jiu)葉(xie)青(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)標(biao)準(zhun)化示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)”、“全(quan)國(guo)林業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)化栽培(pei)示(shi)(shi)范項目(mu)”和“中(zhong)國(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)之鄉”。引進(jin)跨國(guo)公司——恒河果業(ye)(ye)集團,大(da)力(li)實施柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種改良(liang)戰略,制定一系(xi)列(lie)優(you)惠政(zheng)策,鼓勵企業(ye)(ye)、業(ye)(ye)主和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民大(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展優(you)質(zhi)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)。目(mu)前已引進(jin)優(you)新晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種71個(ge),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示(shi)(shi)范園(yuan)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)比園(yuan)600畝(mu),完(wan)成(cheng)容器育苗(miao)470萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)標(biao)準(zhun)化柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)園(yuan)3.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。到2009年,10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)優(you)質(zhi)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量將達到20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,初步形成(cheng)國(guo)內最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)柑(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)。三(san)是培(pei)育特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。從重慶(qing)引進(jin)渝欣牧業(ye)(ye)公司,在海拔1000米(mi)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柏(bo)林鎮發(fa)(fa)展優(you)質(zhi)金銀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),改直生(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)為(wei)嫁接苗(miao),改原始栽培(pei)為(wei)現(xian)代栽培(pei)技(ji)術,改原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晾曬干燥為(wei)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)殺青(qing)烘干技(ji)術,極(ji)大(da)地(di)(di)提(ti)高了(le)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和價格(ge)。苧(zhu)(zhu)麻(ma)由原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)川(chuan)苧(zhu)(zhu)2號老品(pin)(pin)(pin)種改為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)麻(ma)研所引進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湘苧(zhu)(zhu)2號新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種,單產(chan)(chan)由150公斤提(ti)高到300公斤,纖維指數由老品(pin)(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1500提(ti)高到1800以(yi)上。

三、實(shi)施商品農業,實(shi)現經營市場化

我市十分注重農(nong)產品的(de)商(shang)品化(hua)程度,多形(xing)式、多渠道(dao)、多層(ceng)次大力開拓國際國內兩個市場。

一(yi)是參(can)加(jia)(jia)國(guo)(guo)內外的(de)(de)展示(shi)(shi)展銷(xiao)活動。先(xian)后組(zu)(zu)織企業和(he)業主(zhu)參(can)加(jia)(jia)了(le)香(xiang)港(gang)美食(shi)(shi)博(bo)覽會、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)會、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)綠色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)會、韓國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)副(fu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)展示(shi)(shi)展銷(xiao)會,日本(ben)經(jing)貿(mao)洽談會,每年一(yi)度(du)的(de)(de)重(zhong)慶(qing)農(nong)(nong)展會、高(gao)交(jiao)會和(he)北京(jing)高(gao)交(jiao)會、深(shen)圳高(gao)交(jiao)會、上海香(xiang)精香(xiang)料(liao)博(bo)覽會和(he)廣交(jiao)會等(deng)。二是舉辦(ban)各種(zhong)(zhong)形式的(de)(de)促銷(xiao)活動。我市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舉辦(ban)了(le)四(si)面山(shan)旅游節暨農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)展示(shi)(shi)會、花椒(jiao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌推介(jie)會、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)首(shou)屆花椒(jiao)產(chan)業發展高(gao)峰論壇、江(jiang)津(jin)花椒(jiao)公(gong)司與重(zhong)慶(qing)餐飲名(ming)廚協會聯(lian)誼活動等(deng)等(deng)。三是培養(yang)大批(pi)中(zhong)介(jie)組(zu)(zu)織和(he)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)經(jing)紀人(ren)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培養(yang)中(zhong)介(jie)組(zu)(zu)織78個,農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)經(jing)紀人(ren)2萬多人(ren)。四(si)是大力開(kai)展宣傳促銷(xiao)活動。我市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)后邀請(qing)新華社(she)、人(ren)民(min)日報、農(nong)(nong)民(min)日報、中(zhong)央電(dian)視(shi)臺、重(zhong)慶(qing)日報、重(zhong)慶(qing)電(dian)視(shi)臺等(deng)中(zhong)省(sheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)媒(mei)體來我市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采訪報道,向海內外宣傳江(jiang)津(jin)農(nong)(nong)業和(he)名(ming)優特農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。五是規范市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)江(jiang)津(jin)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li),維護江(jiang)津(jin)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)良好(hao)聲譽(yu),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政府組(zu)(zu)織召開(kai)了(le)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)會,了(le)關于(yu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)通(tong)告。設(she)立市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)辦(ban)公(gong)室,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所在鎮的(de)(de)分管(guan)鎮長現場(chang)(chang)(chang)值班,工商、公(gong)安等(deng)聯(lian)合(he)執(zhi)(zhi)法,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)商貿(mao)流通(tong)監管(guan)。工商、質(zhi)(zhi)監等(deng)部門還在交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)設(she)立質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監控(kong)站,印發農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標準作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)參(can)考,加(jia)(jia)大執(zhi)(zhi)法力度(du),嚴把(ba)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關。設(she)立了(le)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)公(gong)開(kai)舉報電(dian)話,對各種(zhong)(zhong)不法行為(wei)(wei),及時應訴(su),立即查(cha)處(chu),以(yi)維護市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)序,保(bao)護生產(chan)者、經(jing)營(ying)者和(he)廣大消費者的(de)(de)合(he)法權益。

目前,四面山花(hua)椒(jiao)公司在國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)40多個(ge)大中城市建立了(le)促銷窗口(kou),恒河(he)果業公司在國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)及東(dong)南亞(ya)(ya)地(di)區(qu)(qu)有100余個(ge)二(er)級批(pi)發商(shang)及水(shui)果物流(liu)系統。江津花(hua)椒(jiao)出口(kou)日(ri)本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo),榨菜出口(kou)馬來西亞(ya)(ya),曲木板產品出口(kou)美國(guo)(guo)(guo),蠶絲出口(kou)印(yin)度,柑(gan)橘出口(kou)亞(ya)(ya)洲、中東(dong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)和港澳臺地(di)區(qu)(qu)……

四、實施科技農(nong)業,實現成本最低化

我市(shi)實(shi)施(shi)科(ke)(ke)教興農(nong)(nong)戰略,依靠科(ke)(ke)技進步,不斷加(jia)大科(ke)(ke)技投入(ru),健全農(nong)(nong)業科(ke)(ke)技隊伍,堅持(chi)用(yong)工業產品(pin)的生產流程和(he)質(zhi)量標準來(lai)規范和(he)要求(qiu)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)。

一(yi)是(shi)加(jia)強科技(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。我市(shi)于(yu)1999年(nian)建(jian)立江(jiang)津市(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)培(pei)訓(xun)基(ji)地(di),用現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)觀念(nian)、新(xin)科技(ji)(ji)、新(xin)信息(xi)武裝農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)層(ceng)干部和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)(de)頭(tou)腦,已累計(ji)(ji)培(pei)訓(xun)鎮(zhen)村(cun)干部、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)法人和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)科技(ji)(ji)骨干15840人。積極開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)綠色(se)證書工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),向全市(shi)30000多(duo)(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民頒發了綠色(se)證書。積極開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民技(ji)(ji)術職(zhi)稱評(ping)定工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),12000多(duo)(duo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民喜獲農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民技(ji)(ji)術職(zhi)稱。組(zu)織50多(duo)(duo)個企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參加(jia)在重(zhong)慶工(gong)商大學參加(jia)世界銀行舉辦的(de)(de)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)遠程(cheng)(cheng)培(pei)訓(xun)。聘請(qing)中(zhong)科院(yuan)(yuan)和西(xi)南(nan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)大等(deng)(deng)科研(yan)單(dan)(dan)位和大專院(yuan)(yuan)校的(de)(de)專家(jia)(jia)和教(jiao)授來我市(shi)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)培(pei)訓(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。二是(shi)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。制發了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)知識和花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、晚(wan)熟柑橘(ju)(ju)(ju)、金銀花(hua)、蔬菜、蠶桑(sang)等(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術手冊5萬多(duo)(duo)份,舉辦農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)培(pei)訓(xun)班,初步(bu)解決了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管理農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)無(wu)標(biao)(biao)準可循(xun)的(de)(de)問題。采用綠色(se)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術,獲得了很好(hao)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。如(ru)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)自建(jian)的(de)(de)雙福示范園,栽后一(yi)年(nian)半(ban)就開始試花(hua)掛果(guo),2年(nian)半(ban)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),平(ping)(ping)均畝產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)鮮椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)357公(gong)(gong)斤,最高達806公(gong)(gong)斤,單(dan)(dan)株(zhu)最高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量達4.9公(gong)(gong)斤。三(san)是(shi)支持龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)科研(yan)。為(wei)(wei)提高花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)質量,重(zhong)慶市(shi)四面山花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個深加(jia)工(gong)項目列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)“863”計(ji)(ji)劃(hua),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)第一(yi)批國(guo)家(jia)(jia)星(xing)火計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)——龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)中(zhong)心。并(bing)(bing)與中(zhong)科院(yuan)(yuan)地(di)化(hua)(hua)所、西(xi)南(nan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大學、美國(guo)G&F生(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)合作(zuo)(zuo),建(jian)立了花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)究所,研(yan)發花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)20多(duo)(duo)個,其(qi)中(zhong)獲得6項國(guo)家(jia)(jia)專利,花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)申報原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)域保護產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)已通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)質監局專家(jia)(jia)評(ping)審。優(you)質柑橘(ju)(ju)(ju)項目列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)“948”計(ji)(ji)劃(hua),重(zhong)慶市(shi)恒河果(guo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)入(ru)(ru)(ru)駐江(jiang)津以來,已引進(jin)世界名優(you)、專利保護柑橘(ju)(ju)(ju)品(pin)種71個,并(bing)(bing)于(yu)2004年(nian)6月加(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)國(guo)際育苗(miao)(miao)者協會(hui),享有包括美國(guo)在內的(de)(de)發達國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)水(shui)果(guo)技(ji)(ji)術及營(ying)銷網絡,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)唯一(yi)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)這(zhe)一(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)國(guo)際俱樂部的(de)(de)會(hui)員企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。錦程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)投(tou)資1000萬元,建(jian)成(cheng)柑橘(ju)(ju)(ju)工(gong)廠化(hua)(hua)無(wu)病(bing)毒育苗(miao)(miao)基(ji)地(di)750畝,采用意大利溫室育苗(miao)(miao)智能控制系統,每年(nian)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)慶市(shi)柑橘(ju)(ju)(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)項目培(pei)育優(you)質苗(miao)(miao)木400萬株(zhu)。柏杉絲綢有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)引進(jin)技(ji)(ji)術,開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin),對原(yuan)繅絲機進(jin)行技(ji)(ji)術改造,實現一(yi)機多(duo)(duo)用,處于(yu)國(guo)際、國(guo)內領先水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。

五(wu)、推進農業產(chan)業化,實現效(xiao)益最大化

我市(shi)堅持(chi)用工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)理念發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),逐步(bu)探索出(chu)一(yi)條推進江津(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新路(lu)子,正(zheng)在實現(xian)江津(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“九(jiu)大轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”。一(yi)是(shi)由(you)(you)數量(liang)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)質量(liang)型(xing)、標準化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。二是(shi)由(you)(you)“產(chan)、供(gong)、銷(xiao)”向(xiang)“銷(xiao)、供(gong)、產(chan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。三是(shi)由(you)(you)常(chang)規農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)特色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、品牌農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。四是(shi)由(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民分散經(jing)營(ying)向(xiang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主集中經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。五是(shi)由(you)(you)催(cui)(cui)種(zhong)催(cui)(cui)收型(xing)向(xiang)產(chan)前、前中、前后服(fu)務型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。六是(shi)由(you)(you)小(xiao)、散、多、雜型(xing)向(xiang)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、規模(mo)化(hua)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、區域化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。七是(shi)由(you)(you)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗放型(xing)經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)式向(xiang)現(xian)代化(hua)集約(yue)型(xing)經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。八是(shi)由(you)(you)內向(xiang)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)外向(xiang)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。九(jiu)是(shi)由(you)(you)掠奪資源(yuan)、破壞環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)型(xing)向(xiang)珍惜資源(yuan)、保護(hu)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)續發展(zhan)型(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。

“九大轉(zhuan)變”帶來“三大效益”:

一是(shi)實(shi)現了良好的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益。去年(nian),全(quan)市實(shi)現農(nong)林牧(mu)漁(yu)業增加值(zhi)27.84億元(yuan),糧(liang)食(shi)總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)68.05萬噸,農(nong)民純(chun)收入(ru)3234元(yuan),分別比(bi)(bi)上年(nian)增長(chang)15.5%、4%和13.8%;農(nong)業產(chan)(chan)業化產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)占農(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)總量(liang)(liang)的(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)達到47%;在農(nong)民純(chun)收入(ru)中,農(nong)業產(chan)(chan)業化經(jing)營收入(ru)約(yue)占40%;我(wo)市農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品出口創匯達457萬美元(yuan),同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)165%。

篇5

二是綠(lv)(lv)色消費影響(xiang)廣泛,深(shen)入人心(xin)。老百姓(xing)購買食(shi)品(pin)的(de)標準發生了變(bian)化(hua),從(cong)價(jia)格優先向價(jia)格與**全并重(zhong)方向轉變(bian);企業(ye)的(de)經營理念發生了變(bian)化(hua),有(you)些(xie)企業(ye)自籌資金購買檢(jian)測設備;各級政府機關都從(cong)執政為民高度(du),把食(shi)品(pin)**全工(gong)作(zuo)擺到了重(zhong)要(yao)位置;新聞媒(mei)體高度(du)關注,形(xing)成了推動綠(lv)(lv)色消費的(de)良好(hao)社會輿論監督氛圍。

三是(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)色通道的(de)數量不斷增加,流通效率得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)提(ti)高。**市已(yi)開(kai)辟(pi)8條(tiao)綠(lv)色通道。其中,跨省通道2條(tiao)、省內通道3條(tiao)、市級通道3條(tiao)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)**全總體(ti)狀況逐步好轉。據市三綠(lv)辦對市場的(de)蔬菜(cai)農殘檢測(ce),**年平均為93.5%,**年達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)98.3%。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)創建了一批無公害蔬菜(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)。目前我們無公害蔬菜(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)有(you)了26個(ge)(ge),無公害農產(chan)品(pin)已(yi)經到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了50個(ge)(ge),綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了11個(ge)(ge),**徽省名牌農產(chan)品(pin)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了20余個(ge)(ge)。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)建立起了三層檢驗(yan)機制,這三級檢驗(yan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)檢驗(yan),第二層就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)檢驗(yan),第三層就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)權(quan)威檢驗(yan);七是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)了“放心(xin)豆腐”生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)專項(xiang)整(zheng)治。

三(san)綠工(gong)(gong)程雖然(ran)取得一(yi)定成(cheng)效,但也必須清醒(xing)地認識(shi)到(dao):各(ge)地區工(gong)(gong)作發(fa)展不平衡,一(yi)些地方對實施三(san)綠工(gong)(gong)程的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)意義認識(shi)不足,各(ge)部門(men)必須進一(yi)步提(ti)高對深入推進三(san)綠工(gong)(gong)程重(zhong)要(yao)性的(de)認識(shi),增強做(zuo)好這(zhe)項工(gong)(gong)作的(de)責任(ren)感和緊迫感。因此(ci),**年**市將(jiang)在(zai)三(san)綠工(gong)(gong)程方面(mian)重(zhong)點作這(zhe)么(me)幾件事:

 (一)指導思(si)(si)想:以(yi)保障食(shi)品**全(quan)為(wei)目的(de)(de),以(yi)“三個代表”重要思(si)(si)想和科學發(fa)展觀為(wei)指導,樹立“以(yi)人為(wei)本”的(de)(de)科學的(de)(de)發(fa)展觀,全(quan)面推行基地、檢測、索(suo)證(zheng)、索(suo)票、檢測、認定、認證(zheng)等市場準入(ru)制度,按照“反彈琵琶”的(de)(de)思(si)(si)路,從提倡綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色消費(fei)抓起,積極培育綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色市場,加強綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色通道建(jian)設,引導綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色生產(chan),建(jian)設資源節約型社會,發(fa)展循環經濟(ji),實現(xian)人與自然、經濟(ji)與社會的(de)(de)和諧(xie)發(fa)展。

(二)基本(ben)思(si)路:一是“反彈琵琶”,從消費抓起,通(tong)過(guo)引導消費者增強食品**全(quan)意識,并(bing)在(zai)市場提供簡單易(yi)行(xing)的食品檢測手(shou)段,使污染超(chao)標的食品無法銷售,從而(er)引導生(sheng)產;二是實行(xing)全(quan)程衛(wei)生(sheng)質量(liang)控制(zhi),運用法制(zhi)、經濟、行(xing)政(zheng)手(shou)段,在(zai)每個環節都建立食品**全(quan)保障(zhang)體系(xi);三是政(zheng)府、企業、消費者共同參(can)與,明確(que)職責,分工合作,形成合力(li),齊抓共管(guan);四是突出重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian),因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜,循序漸進,分步實施。先以抓好(hao)放(fang)心肉、放(fang)心菜、放(fang)心豆(dou)制(zhi)品等衛(wei)生(sheng)質量(liang)為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian),再逐步擴大(da)到(dao)所有食品。

(三(san))工作重(zhong)點:總體(ti)上(shang)是(shi)建立健全(quan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)食品(pin)(pin)**全(quan)法(fa)制保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、技術支(zhi)撐、政策扶(fu)持、社會信用、組織(zhi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)和(he)輿論(lun)監(jian)督六大體(ti)系(xi)。具體(ti)目(mu)標(biao):一是(shi)通(tong)過宣(xuan)傳和(he)政策引導(dao),使(shi)政府、企業、消(xiao)費者增強(qiang)(qiang)食品(pin)(pin)**全(quan)、資(zi)源節約(yue)和(he)環境保(bao)(bao)護意識,樹立科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費觀,確立人與(yu)自然、經濟與(yu)社會的(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學消(xiao)費模式。二(er)是(shi)加(jia)快培育和(he)發(fa)展綠(lv)色(se)市(shi)場,嚴把市(shi)場關(guan),盡快形成具有保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)食品(pin)(pin)衛生(sheng)質(zhi)量、有利于合理使(shi)用和(he)節約(yue)資(zi)源、符(fu)合環保(bao)(bao)要求的(de)(de)(de)銷售網絡體(ti)系(xi);三(san)是(shi)繼續開辟綠(lv)色(se)通(tong)道,使(shi)進入綠(lv)色(se)通(tong)道的(de)(de)(de)食品(pin)(pin)都能符(fu)合衛生(sheng)質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要求,鮮活食品(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)采(cai)取保(bao)(bao)鮮措施(shi)(shi),公路運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)白條肉實行吊掛、封閉運(yun)(yun)輸(shu),冷(leng)卻肉實行冷(leng)鏈運(yun)(yun)輸(shu),面向社會的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)鮮食品(pin)(pin)物(wu)流配送(song)中心(xin)得到較(jiao)大發(fa)展;四(si)是(shi)進一步完善(shan)組織(zhi)機構,強(qiang)(qiang)化政府對(dui)三(san)綠(lv)工程的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)。五是(shi)根據(ju)國(guo)家已經頒布的(de)(de)(de)《綠(lv)色(se)批發(fa)市(shi)場標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》、《綠(lv)色(se)零售市(shi)場標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》和(he)綠(lv)色(se)市(shi)場認(ren)證管理辦法(fa)及實施(shi)(shi)規則,加(jia)大培育創建綠(lv)色(se)市(shi)場力度,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)硬件建設,實施(shi)(shi)現代(dai)化管理;

六是繼續(xu)加大(da)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地和養殖(zhi)(zhi)小區(qu)的(de)建(jian)設。**年進一(yi)步加大(da)力度,使無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地和養殖(zhi)(zhi)小區(qu)真正成為**市農副產(chan)品供(gong)應的(de)一(yi)個重要保障(zhang);同時繼續(xu)抓好(hao)“放(fang)心(xin)豆(dou)腐”生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地建(jian)設,**年力爭建(jian)成1—2家豆(dou)制品集中生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地,使基(ji)(ji)地日(ri)產(chan)黃豆(dou)原(yuan)料(liao)18萬噸(約占市民日(ri)消費(fei)量的(de)50%)。

篇6

國務(wu)院常務(wu)會(hui)議研究部署穩定市(shi)場供(gong)應工作

11月14日,國務院總理主持召開國務院常務會(hui)議,研究(jiu)部署穩定市場(chang)供應工(gong)作。

會議指出,我國糧食連續四年豐收,庫存充(chong)足(zu),國內(nei)消費品供應總體上能夠滿足(zu)需(xu)求,目前的(de)物價上漲是結(jie)構性的(de),但價格總水(shui)平上漲的(de)壓力較大(da)。當前和今后一段(duan)時期,要進一步采(cai)取措施,保(bao)障供給(gei),基本穩定價格總水(shui)平,維護(hu)市場和社會穩定。

加強市場(chang)(chang)監管(guan),嚴厲打擊串通定價、合謀漲價、囤積居奇、哄(hong)抬(tai)價格等(deng)行為(wei),維護市場(chang)(chang)正常秩序(xu)。

落實“米袋子(zi)”省長負(fu)責(ze)制(zhi)和“菜籃子(zi)”市長負(fu)責(ze)制(zhi)。各地各有關部門(men)要把人民(min)群眾(zhong)生活(huo)擺在第(di)一(yi)位,采取(qu)切實措施(shi),保證(zheng)重要消(xiao)費品的供應和市場穩定。

我國(guo)首(shou)部農產品批發市場行(xing)業通鑒(jian)出版

日前,首部全面反映(ying)我國(guo)農(nong)副產品批發市場20年(nian)建設發展歷(li)史、現(xian)狀和趨(qu)勢的大(da)型文獻――《中國(guo)農(nong)產品批發市場行業通(tong)鑒(jian)(1984~2005)》由全國(guo)城市農(nong)貿中心聯合會編輯完(wan)成并出(chu)版。

《中國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市(shi)場行(xing)業(ye)通(1984~2005)》,對(dui)我國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)(fa)市(shi)場發(fa)(fa)展歷程進行(xing)了全面(mian)回顧,系統總結經驗模式,展示建設(she)成就,為行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展指(zhi)明方向(xiang),對(dui)指(zhi)導市(shi)場建設(she)和(he)升(sheng)級改造(zao),搞活農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)流通,增加農(nong)民(min)收入(ru)具有重要(yao)意義;同(tong)時(shi)也是(shi)業(ye)內人(ren)士(shi)和(he)有關主管部門領導了解行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展狀況(kuang)的重要(yao)參考文獻。

第三屆(jie)中國商品(pin)市(shi)場峰會在桐(tong)鄉(xiang)召開(圖01)

由中(zhong)國社會(hui)(hui)(hui)科學院中(zhong)國商品市(shi)場峰會(hui)(hui)(hui)組委會(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)國毛紡織行業協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省工商行政管理局(ju)、桐鄉市(shi)人民(min)政府聯(lian)合舉辦的(de)第三屆中(zhong)國商品市(shi)場峰會(hui)(hui)(hui)于2007年10月27日(ri)在浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)桐鄉召(zhao)開。國內流通領(ling)域(yu)著名專家、全國著名大(da)市(shi)場老(lao)總(zong)和浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省市(shi)場協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)理事單位(wei)代表等1000多人參加了峰會(hui)(hui)(hui)。

與會專家就“在(zai)新(xin)的經濟形勢下,商(shang)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場生存(cun)環境的轉變、對傳(chuan)統商(shang)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場運作模式帶來的沖擊(ji)、商(shang)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場同質化競爭”等(deng)熱(re)點問題(ti)進行了探(tan)討;中(zhong)國(guo)社會科學(xue)院和峰會組委會還聯合了《中(zhong)國(guo)商(shang)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)場發展(zhan)報告》藍(lan)皮書。

【北京】

2008年起集貿市場試行統一配(pei)秤(cheng)

雖然設置了(le)公平(ping)秤,但很多(duo)集市(shi)小攤販售(shou)貨缺斤短兩(liang)仍屢見不鮮。為了(le)解(jie)決這一問題,北(bei)京市(shi)質監(jian)局計(ji)劃(hua)從2008年起,在北(bei)京市(shi)試行集貿市(shi)場(chang)業(ye)主統一配備(bei)、使用標準的計(ji)量(liang)工(gong)具(ju)制度,不再允許攤主個人購買(mai)、使用計(ji)量(liang)器具(ju),開展“誠信計(ji)量(liang)”工(gong)程(cheng)。

北京市(shi)質監局局長(chang)趙長(chang)山表(biao)示,集貿市(shi)場(chang)(chang)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)配秤(cheng)將(jiang)首先在(zai)北京360個規范升級市(shi)場(chang)(chang)開(kai)展(zhan)試點(dian),到2008年底(di)爭取(qu)覆蓋50家規范升級市(shi)場(chang)(chang),待時機成熟后在(zai)全(quan)市(shi)推(tui)廣。他透露(lu),政府部(bu)門(men)將(jiang)要求(qiu)這(zhe)些市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)業主(所有(you)權(quan)人)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)為攤位配備符合標準要求(qiu)的(de)計(ji)量器具,執法(fa)部(bu)門(men)將(jiang)定期進行檢查。通過執法(fa)部(bu)門(men)和市(shi)場(chang)(chang)管理方的(de)共(gong)同努力,有(you)效遏制缺斤短兩等計(ji)量欺詐行為,讓市(shi)民放心消費。

批發市(shi)場食品安(an)全(quan)專項整治全(quan)面展(zhan)開

10月28日起,在新發(fa)地(di)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)、京深海鮮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)購(gou)買商(shang)(shang)品的(de)消費者(zhe)均有權(quan)向商(shang)(shang)家索要信譽(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)。北(bei)京豐臺(tai)(tai)工(gong)商(shang)(shang)分(fen)局(ju)表示,將在被譽(yu)(yu)(yu)為“菜(cai)籃子”的(de)豐臺(tai)(tai)區8大市(shi)(shi)場(chang)率先(xian)推出有形市(shi)(shi)場(chang)索證(zheng)索票、進貨臺(tai)(tai)賬制(zhi)度(du)工(gong)作規(gui)范(fan),這些信譽(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)可以(yi)作為消費者(zhe)的(de)購(gou)物憑證(zheng)。

據北(bei)京市工商局有關(guan)人士介紹,北(bei)京市流通(tong)環節產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量和食品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)專項整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)行動已(yi)經全(quan)面(mian)展開,各(ge)大批發(fa)市場(chang)是本次整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)的關(guan)鍵。新(xin)發(fa)地、岳(yue)各(ge)莊、農產品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)央(yang)、光(guang)彩、京深(shen)、西南郊、鴻(hong)泰天成、金(jin)皖友(you)平8大食品(pin)(pin)批發(fa)市場(chang)都已(yi)簽署了落實產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量和食品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)專項整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)行動承(cheng)諾書。

超市(shi)嚴禁糧油肉蛋(dan)限時促銷

2007年11月11日(ri)(ri),北京市(shi)商務(wu)局重申,禁(jin)止商家開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)活必需品(pin)的限(xian)(xian)時(shi)促(cu)銷(xiao)活動。京城(cheng)商家在日(ri)(ri)常經(jing)營(ying)(ying)過程中必須同時(shi)遵守(shou)《北京市(shi)商業零售經(jing)營(ying)(ying)單位安全生(sheng)產規(gui)定》和《北京市(shi)商業零售企業促(cu)銷(xiao)行為規(gui)范(試行)》兩項(xiang)規(gui)定,經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者不(bu)得(de)組(zu)織容(rong)易造成(cheng)人群聚集(ji)、人身傷害、秩(zhi)序混亂的限(xian)(xian)時(shi)間、限(xian)(xian)商品(pin)數量或免(mian)費贈送(song)的促(cu)銷(xiao)活動;不(bu)得(de)開(kai)展(zhan)糧、油、鹽、肉、蛋(dan)等生(sheng)活必需品(pin)的限(xian)(xian)時(shi)購(gou)物活動。

糧(liang)油肉蛋(dan)等(deng)生活(huo)必(bi)需(xu)品的銷(xiao)售確實能夠帶動整體營業(ye)額水平,但(dan)是(shi)商(shang)(shang)家(jia)一味地追(zhui)逐效益而放松安(an)(an)全意識,將會造成購(gou)物場所存在(zai)極大(da)的安(an)(an)全隱患。北京市商(shang)(shang)務局近(jin)期還將進一步展開(kai)促(cu)銷(xiao)安(an)(an)全管理的專(zhuan)項檢(jian)查(cha),檢(jian)查(cha)內容包括超市促(cu)銷(xiao)活(huo)動、商(shang)(shang)場店慶(qing)促(cu)銷(xiao)等(deng)。

【上海】

農副產(chan)品市場整治(zhi)初見成效(xiao)

10月(yue)23日,從(cong)上海市社(she)會治(zhi)安(an)綜合(he)治(zhi)理辦公室獲悉(xi),經過(guo)近10個(ge)月(yue)的專(zhuan)項整治(zhi)活動(dong),上海市42個(ge)農副產品(pin)批(pi)發交(jiao)易市場出(chu)現了(le)“銷(xiao)售(shou)旺盛價(jia)格穩(wen),食品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)保證”的喜人景象,專(zhuan)項整治(zhi)活動(dong)初見(jian)成(cheng)效。

今年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)初,上(shang)海市工(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)部門在去年(nian)(nian)(nian)“蔬菜(cai)批發市場(chang)(chang)專項整治”的基礎上(shang),擴大整治范圍,牽頭(tou)實施(shi)了“整治農(nong)(nong)副產品(pin)批發交易市場(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)營管理秩(zhi)序(xu)”項目(mu),公(gong)安、經(jing)(jing)委、農(nong)(nong)委、食藥監、質(zhi)監、物(wu)價、城管部門及區(qu)縣政(zheng)府相互協作配合,抓好工(gong)(gong)作落實和(he)推進。上(shang)海市工(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)系(xi)統對42個農(nong)(nong)副產品(pin)批發市場(chang)(chang)共(gong)計(ji)規范辦照(zhao)(zhao)1845戶(hu),市場(chang)(chang)內(nei)固定(ding)攤位有(you)照(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)已達到98.33%。豬肉(rou)市場(chang)(chang)整治期間(jian),上(shang)海市工(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)部門共(gong)出動(dong)執法人(ren)員3017人(ren)次,查處場(chang)(chang)內(nei)違法經(jing)(jing)營行為63起,取締(di)無照(zhao)(zhao)經(jing)(jing)營26戶(hu)。

西(xi)郊國際農產品(pin)交(jiao)易中心開工建設

由(you)光明食品集團等9家投資單(dan)位聯(lian)合投資的上海西郊國際(ji)農產品交易(yi)中心項(xiang)目10月29日在上海青浦區華(hua)新鎮正式開(kai)工建設。

據了(le)解,交易中心規劃總建(jian)筑面(mian)積約45萬平方(fang)米,由批發交易區、展示(shi)區和(he)管理服(fu)(fu)務區三大區域組(zu)成(cheng)。批發交易區細分為(wei)蔬(shu)菜(cai)、果品、肉類(lei)、水產、冰鮮制品、花(hua)卉等(deng)專業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場;展示(shi)區常年為(wei)海內外優(you)質農(nong)(nong)產品和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)提供(gong)集(ji)展示(shi)、展銷、商務、會展、物流于一體的現代化(hua)流通服(fu)(fu)務平臺;管理服(fu)(fu)務區內將(jiang)設檢(jian)(jian)測中心,為(wei)農(nong)(nong)產品貿易提供(gong)檢(jian)(jian)測檢(jian)(jian)驗服(fu)(fu)務。

西郊國際農產(chan)(chan)品交(jiao)易中心建(jian)成后將成為聯結國內外兩大市(shi)場的交(jiao)互性現代(dai)(dai)化農產(chan)(chan)品交(jiao)易平臺(tai),有(you)助于上海(hai)加快農產(chan)(chan)品市(shi)場的升級換代(dai)(dai),完善都市(shi)現代(dai)(dai)農業產(chan)(chan)業體系,帶(dai)動上海(hai)及周邊長三角地區(qu)開(kai)展農業跨區(qu)域的合(he)作。

仲盛集團6億(yi)收(shou)購(gou)桐鄉皮革商城

11月10日,上海(hai)仲盛集團旗(qi)下仲盛置業發展有(you)限公(gong)司對外宣布,已經收購了(le)位于浙江桐鄉的(de)皮革(ge)商(shang)品專業市場(chang)。未來該“桐鄉•時尚(shang)皮都會”項(xiang)目將與烏鎮(zhen)旅游資(zi)源良好互動(dong),打(da)造國內旅游商(shang)業地產典范。

“桐鄉(xiang)•時尚(shang)皮(pi)都會”緊鄰國家4A級旅(lv)游風(feng)景區烏鎮,總(zong)建筑面積17萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi),一(yi)期(qi)由A、B、C三個區組(zu)成,約(yue)9.6萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)。據(ju)悉,包括后期(qi)開發,整個項目的總(zong)投資約(yue)6億元左右。

據仲盛(sheng)集團(tuan)內(nei)部人士透露,收(shou)購(gou)皮(pi)革城僅僅是仲盛(sheng)集團(tuan)桐(tong)鄉(xiang)布局的(de)第一步,仲盛(sheng)正考慮繼續在皮(pi)革城周(zhou)邊收(shou)購(gou)部分土(tu)地,以期(qi)實現綜合開(kai)發。

【重慶】

西部最大(da)綜合性(xing)商貿城重(zhong)慶開業

10月29日,一個(ge)集(ji)購物、休閑、餐飲(yin)、娛樂為一體的大型綜(zong)(zong)合性商(shang)(shang)貿城――盛(sheng)世金源國(guo)際商(shang)(shang)貿城在重慶江北區北濱路開門迎客(ke)。這也是目(mu)前我國(guo)西部(bu)單體面(mian)積(ji)最大的綜(zong)(zong)合性商(shang)(shang)貿城。

據介紹(shao),商貿城總面積達25萬平方米(mi),由百(bai)貨商場、超市、家居廣場、專業批(pi)發、餐飲休閑區(qu)等五(wu)大部分組成。首批(pi)與市民見面的(de)包括香(xiang)港百(bai)貨連鎖機構ITAT百(bai)貨會員店(dian)、韓國(guo)飾品館、休閑褲城、特(te)色(se)餐飲區(qu)以及一個(ge)生鮮超市。

重慶永(yong)川著力(li)打造(zao)“西部(bu)義烏(wu)”

10月(yue)28日,被稱為“西(xi)部(bu)義(yi)烏”的(de)中國永(yong)川商貿城一期商鋪正式開(kai)盤,首(shou)期300多套商鋪被眾商家一搶而空,這個(ge)西(xi)部(bu)最大規模的(de)小商品(pin)批發(fa)基(ji)地將于(yu)2008年開(kai)門營業。

據永川(chuan)商(shang)(shang)貿城(cheng)投資商(shang)(shang)北京東兆(zhao)長(chang)泰(tai)集團(tuan)董事長(chang)郭向東稱,永川(chuan)商(shang)(shang)貿城(cheng)共分四期,一期工程(cheng)將(jiang)于明年(nian)5月交付使用(yong),可提供500多間店鋪、近7萬平方(fang)米的經(jing)(jing)營面積,主要經(jing)(jing)營服(fu)裝、五(wu)金、小家電等小商(shang)(shang)品(pin)。永川(chuan)商(shang)(shang)貿城(cheng)建成(cheng)后(hou),將(jiang)引入“前(qian)店后(hou)廠”的義烏商(shang)(shang)貿批發經(jing)(jing)營模式,將(jiang)永川(chuan)輕工產(chan)品(pin)工業(ye)園與永川(chuan)商(shang)(shang)貿城(cheng)對接,最終形成(cheng)“前(qian)店后(hou)廠”局面,帶(dai)動加工產(chan)業(ye)發展,以(yi)專業(ye)市(shi)場帶(dai)動商(shang)(shang)家致富,同(tong)時帶(dai)動渝西(xi)經(jing)(jing)濟的發展。

據悉,截至(zhi)目前(qian),已(yi)有(you)1025家(jia)義烏企業與(yu)永川商(shang)貿城達(da)成了(le)西南獨家(jia)合作協議,有(you)3015種商(shang)品完成了(le)和永川商(shang)貿城的對接,種類涉(she)及箱包(bao)、五(wu)金、電器等9大類。

【河北】

河北涉縣聘請“大(da)叔大(da)嬸”協同管(guan)市場(chang)

據11月(yue)5日(ri)(ri)河(he)北日(ri)(ri)報(bao)消息 最近一段時間,河(he)北省涉(she)縣(xian)清(qing)漳批發市場里多了(le)幾個(ge)拿(na)著(zhu)筆記(ji)本、掛著(zhu)工作牌(pai)的(de)大(da)叔大(da)嬸,他(ta)(ta)們(men)不時地查看魚肉是(shi)否新(xin)鮮、食品(pin)是(shi)否變質。他(ta)(ta)們(men)是(shi)該縣(xian)工商部(bu)門聘請的(de)食品(pin)安全義務監督(du)員。他(ta)(ta)們(men)以消費者(zhe)的(de)身份對上市食品(pin)作非破(po)壞性(xing)質量鑒別,向工商管理部(bu)門提供違法經營的(de)線索(suo),同時也對工商執法人員的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政執法行(xing)(xing)(xing)為進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)監督(du)。

唐山灤南將(jiang)擴建(jian)果(guo)菜批發(fa)市(shi)場

河北唐(tang)山市(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)來最(zui)大(da)的果菜批發市(shi)場(chang)現正在灤南(nan)縣(xian)姚王莊鎮(zhen)緊張施(shi)工,該市(shi)場(chang)總投資600萬元,占(zhan)地110畝,建(jian)成后年可經銷蔬菜50萬噸,交(jiao)易額將(jiang)(jiang)達3億元。

姚王莊鎮原有一個蔬菜(cai)批發市場,始(shi)建于(yu)1994年,占地(di)43畝,年經銷各種蔬菜(cai)近30萬噸(dun),年交易額2億(yi)元。但隨(sui)著果菜(cai)批發市場交易量的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)擴(kuo)大,市場基礎設施(shi)不(bu)足(zu)的(de)弊端逐漸(jian)顯(xian)現,主要(yao)表(biao)現在場地(di)狹小,無(wu)(wu)法保證蔬菜(cai)銷售高峰期的(de)正常交易,經常造成(cheng)廠區(qu)內堵車;交易棚(peng)標準低,無(wu)(wu)法滿(man)足(zu)大型(xing)貨(huo)車的(de)裝車要(yao)求。為(wei)從根本上解(jie)決(jue)(jue)這些問題,該縣決(jue)(jue)定向北(bei)擴(kuo)大場區(qu)面積67畝,建一個總占地(di)110畝的(de)新蔬菜(cai)批發市場,預計明年6月(yue)完工(gong)。

【山東】

山東所有農產(chan)品市(shi)場、超市(shi)均(jun)建(jian)農產(chan)品檢測室

為(wei)確(que)保(bao)流通(tong)領域食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)質量安(an)全,山東省(sheng)工商(shang)部門努力從源頭上加(jia)強對食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)監管(guan)。山東省(sheng)工商(shang)局(ju)明確(que)規(gui)定,所有從事食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品經(jing)營(ying)活(huo)動的(de)(de)市場主體,必須依法注冊(ce)登記(ji),并嚴(yan)厲查處無證無照經(jing)營(ying)食(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)。

根(gen)據規定,山東(dong)省(sheng)內(nei)所有(you)食(shi)用(yong)農產品(pin)市場(chang)、超市、商場(chang)都(dou)必(bi)須建立(li)(li)農產品(pin)質量檢(jian)測室(shi),配(pei)備必(bi)要的(de)設施(shi)和檢(jian)測人員,建立(li)(li)檢(jian)測制度(du);每天對進(jin)場(chang)交易的(de)每一批農產品(pin)進(jin)行檢(jian)驗(yan),并將檢(jian)測結果進(jin)行公(gong)示。經檢(jian)驗(yan)合格的(de),準許(xu)銷售(shou);檢(jian)驗(yan)不合格的(de),予以無害化(hua)處理(li)或者(zhe)銷毀。

青島即墨服裝市場搬家易名

2007年(nian)10月(yue)28日,始建于(yu)(yu)20世紀(ji)80年(nian)底初期的青島即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)批發市場開始了(le)第三次(ci)整體(ti)搬遷,原服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)市場改名為中國(guo)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)市場,新市場位于(yu)(yu)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨市鶴山路(lu)西首并(bing)于(yu)(yu)今天開業。

據市(shi)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)作人員介紹,新市(shi)場(chang)(chang)占地(di) 354畝(mu),建筑面積超過 21萬平方(fang)米,有(you)(you) 7000余商鋪,新市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體共有(you)(you)三層,分為 A、B、C、 D、E五個區(qu);同(tong)時,5個區(qu)域間都有(you)(you)天橋連(lian)接,市(shi)場(chang)(chang)里配有(you)(you)扶手電(dian)梯等;另外,新市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的樓(lou)頂建有(you)(you)可容納 500輛車的停(ting)車場(chang)(chang),市(shi)場(chang)(chang)廣場(chang)(chang)門前(qian)也可容納千余輛車,都是免費停(ting)車。

山東臨沂小商品城11月10日啟用

由臨沂瑞興市場發展有限公司投(tou)資建設的臨沂小(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)品城于11月(yue)10日正式啟(qi)用(yong)(yong)。臨沂市蘭(lan)田(tian)(tian)文化(hua)(hua)體(ti)育用(yong)(yong)品、蘭(lan)田(tian)(tian)日用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)妝品、蘭(lan)田(tian)(tian)紙張(zhang)用(yong)(yong)品三市場將(jiang)同(tong)時遷入臨沂小(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)品城。

臨(lin)沂小(xiao)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)城(cheng)位于(yu)新臨(lin)沂汽車站南鄰,占地350畝,建筑(zhu)面積21萬(wan)平方米,能同時容(rong)納(na)2000余(yu)戶經(jing)營(ying)(ying)商。該小(xiao)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)城(cheng)分(fen)文(wen)(wen)體(ti)、筆(bi)類、洗(xi)化、紙張、百(bai)貨五個(ge)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)區域。其中大賣場一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)文(wen)(wen)體(ti)、紙張、洗(xi)化用品(pin)(pin)(pin),二層(ceng)(ceng)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)飾品(pin)(pin)(pin)、百(bai)貨,三層(ceng)(ceng)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)年(nian)畫、字畫、日歷、臺(tai)歷、圖(tu)片、地圖(tu)等文(wen)(wen)化用品(pin)(pin)(pin)及美容(rong)美發用品(pin)(pin)(pin)。

【江西】

江西(xi)7家企(qi)業列入2007“雙百(bai)市場工程”建設項(xiang)目

11月9日(ri),從江西省經(jing)貿委獲(huo)悉:經(jing)商務部核準,江西省樂平市(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)菜批發(fa)大市(shi)(shi)場、吉安農產(chan)(chan)品批發(fa)市(shi)(shi)場開發(fa)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)、宜春市(shi)(shi)贛(gan)西農副產(chan)(chan)品批發(fa)市(shi)(shi)場有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)3家大型農產(chan)(chan)品批發(fa)市(shi)(shi)場,江西泰鈉(na)南豐蜜橘有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)、萍鄉市(shi)(shi)湘東區老(lao)關生豬養(yang)殖專業合作社、江西國鴻集團有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)、興國將軍果業發(fa)展有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)4家大型農產(chan)(chan)品流通企(qi)業,其(qi)建設(she)和改(gai)造(zao)項(xiang)目被列(lie)為2007年“雙(shuang)百市(shi)(shi)場工程”建設(she)項(xiang)目。

據了解,2006年,江西省(sheng)有6家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業(ye)列(lie)入(ru)“雙(shuang)百市場工程”,加上今年新審批的7家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業(ye),江西省(sheng)目前列(lie)入(ru)商務部“雙(shuang)百市場工程”建設項目的企(qi)業(ye)已經(jing)達到13家(jia)(jia)。

南昌(chang)主城區批發市場將調整

10月30日從南昌(chang)市有關(guan)部門獲悉,南昌(chang)市將(jiang)對原(yuan)有的集(ji)(ji)貿批發(fa)市場進(jin)行合理(li)規劃,老城區(qu)將(jiang)發(fa)育和(he)完善4個專業集(ji)(ji)貿批發(fa)市場,分別是汽配和(he)汽車(che)貿易(yi)市場、贛(gan)昌(chang)水產(chan)品(pin)批發(fa)市場、香江家(jia)具(ju)城、圖書批發(fa)市場等。

根據規(gui)劃要(yao)求,二七(qi)北(bei)路的汽(qi)配市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)向城市(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)部(bu)地區遷移,洪都(dou)北(bei)大道的舊鋼材市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)將改造(zao)為(wei)汽(qi)車貿易市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。另外,千花(hua)伴購物公園內的花(hua)卉批發市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)有可能會考慮取消。

【浙江】

杭(hang)州首家平價農產品(pin)配送中心試營(ying)業(ye)

浙江在線11月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)訊(xun) 從山東、河南的無公(gong)(gong)害蔬菜(cai)基地直接(jie)運送(song),經過檢測、清洗(xi)、包(bao)裝,再直接(jie)配(pei)(pei)送(song)到酒店(dian)、公(gong)(gong)司食(shi)堂、學校(xiao)……11月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)開始試營業的杭州富川農產品有限公(gong)(gong)司,承諾以普通批發(fa)市場的價格送(song)貨上門,提供有質量檢測報告的蔬菜(cai)。據(ju)了解,這是(shi)杭城首家平價蔬菜(cai)配(pei)(pei)送(song)中心,也是(shi)目前全(quan)國(guo)最大(da)的蔬菜(cai)配(pei)(pei)送(song)基地。

據該公司副總經理張建國(guo)(guo)介(jie)紹(shao),我國(guo)(guo)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)生(sheng)產基地(di)大部(bu)分在(zai)北(bei)方。蔬(shu)菜(cai)從基地(di)到消費者手中,至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)要經歷四(si)個環節。為了(le)減少(shao)(shao)流通環節,富川公司在(zai)九堡設置了(le)3萬平方米的(de)配送基地(di),收購(gou)了(le)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)幾(ji)十家(jia)無公害(hai)蔬(shu)菜(cai)基地(di)、肉類養殖基地(di),并和全(quan)國(guo)(guo)幾(ji)十家(jia)農(nong)(nong)副產品(pin)企業合作,以產地(di)價(jia)格收購(gou)農(nong)(nong)民的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai),然后直(zhi)接(jie)運輸到杭州,減少(shao)(shao)了(le)兩(liang)個中間環節的(de)費用,從而(er)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)整體(ti)價(jia)格。

杭州(zhou)北大門開建(jian)“大糧倉”

一個(ge)集(ji)糧(liang)(liang)食批發(fa)交易、倉儲加(jia)工(gong)、物(wu)流配送(song)、檢驗檢測、電子商務于一體(ti)的(de)(de)超(chao)級“大糧(liang)(liang)倉”將出現在杭(hang)州北大門。10月29日,杭(hang)州糧(liang)(liang)食物(wu)流中心動工(gong)興建,力(li)爭通過3年時間建設,形(xing)成具有(you)國(guo)際競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)(de)現代(dai)糧(liang)(liang)食物(wu)流中心和具有(you)較(jiao)強集(ji)聚輻射能力(li)的(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食物(wu)流基(ji)地(di)。

杭(hang)州(zhou)糧(liang)(liang)食物流中心位于杭(hang)州(zhou)北大(da)門余杭(hang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)良渚鎮勾莊,東臨(lin)京杭(hang)大(da)運(yun)河,北臨(lin)繞城(cheng)公路(lu),西臨(lin)衢州(zhou)路(lu),南(nan)臨(lin)宣杭(hang)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)新線(xian),地理位置十分優越。項(xiang)目規劃占地約1085畝,建設用地644畝。項(xiang)目規劃有糧(liang)(liang)食交易市場、糧(liang)(liang)食倉(cang)儲(chu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、糧(liang)(liang)油(you)加工(gong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、糧(liang)(liang)油(you)信(xin)息(xi)大(da)樓、農(nong)副產品(pin)配送區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等五大(da)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),還設鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)專用線(xian)、水運(yun)物流碼(ma)頭兩大(da)配套項(xiang)目。建成后,將達到年(nian)(nian)糧(liang)(liang)油(you)交易量150萬噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)糧(liang)(liang)油(you)加工(gong)量60萬噸(dun),糧(liang)(liang)油(you)倉(cang)儲(chu)量10萬噸(dun)及水路(lu)、鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)130萬噸(dun)的(de)年(nian)(nian)吞吐(tu)能力。

【兩廣地區】

廣州農貿市場(chang)年(nian)內完成“戶口登記”

從廣州市(shi)工商局獲悉(xi),10月起開始上線運行的(de)“商品交易市(shi)場監(jian)管系(xi)統”目前正在(zai)有序地(di)擴充資料,全市(shi)732個農(nong)貿市(shi)場將(jiang)在(zai)明年元旦前率先(xian)完成數據(ju)整理和采集。

據(ju)(ju)了解,廣州市(shi)(shi)工商(shang)局建(jian)立的(de)“商(shang)品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)管(guan)系統”,涵(han)蓋了全市(shi)(shi)1717個各(ge)類市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),其中(zhong)農(nong)貿市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)占到了近(jin)一半。“商(shang)品(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)管(guan)系統”最核(he)心的(de)部分就是建(jian)立市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)戶口,所有市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)基本資料(包括市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)開辦者(zhe)的(de)情況(kuang)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)類型、規(gui)模、經營(ying)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)范(fan)圍(wei)、行(xing)政(zheng)許(xu)可(ke)事(shi)項、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)布局、檔位編(bian)號等)都會被錄入系統。每(mei)個市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)每(mei)個檔口的(de)業主(zhu)情況(kuang)、經營(ying)品(pin)(pin)種、證照(zhao)期限、過往(wang)違規(gui)記錄等也(ye)都會集中(zhong)存(cun)檔,既保(bao)證數據(ju)(ju)準(zhun)確及時(shi),又(you)實現(xian)了對市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)動態、實時(shi)監(jian)管(guan)。

廣西(xi)建設西(xi)南最大農產品批(pi)發市場

11月(yue)8日上午,廣(guang)(guang)西南(nan)寧(ning)市昆侖大(da)道三塘段北面鑼鼓喧天,醒獅飛舞,一派熱烈喜慶的氣氛(fen)。廣(guang)(guang)西首(shou)個大(da)型農產(chan)品(pin)加工物流(liu)園區――南(nan)寧(ning)金橋農產(chan)品(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市場(chang)在這里舉行(xing)隆重的動工儀式(shi)。

據介紹,南(nan)寧(ning)金橋農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場(chang)項目占地1474畝,建筑面積76萬(wan)平方米(mi),建設內容包(bao)括批(pi)發(fa)交(jiao)易市(shi)場(chang)、集中屠宰中心、凈肉加(jia)(jia)工中心、凈菜加(jia)(jia)工中心、物(wu)流配(pei)送中心、信息網絡系統、檢驗檢測系統、冷庫、停(ting)車場(chang)等(deng)。項目總投(tou)資(zi)12.29億元,建成后年交(jiao)易量可達495萬(wan)噸,年交(jiao)易額達80億元。該項目建成后,將成為覆蓋(gai)南(nan)寧(ning)市(shi)及周邊(bian)地區(qu),輻射(she)大(da)西南(nan),面向(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)亞等(deng)國(guo)際市(shi)場(chang)的大(da)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)物(wu)流中心、凈菜加(jia)(jia)工配(pei)送中心,成為目前西南(nan)地區(qu)面積最大(da)、功(gong)能(neng)最齊全、經營理念最先進(jin)的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發(fa)市(shi)場(chang)。

【其他省市】

云南紅河(he)岸邊將建國(guo)際商貿城(cheng)

來(lai)自云南河(he)口(kou)有關(guan)部(bu)門的(de)(de)消息稱,云南河(he)口(kou)瑤(yao)族自治縣正(zheng)在規劃建設一(yi)座面積達8.4萬多平方米的(de)(de)國際商貿城,預計明年年底(di)可全(quan)部(bu)完工。

國際商貿城共分(fen)為(wei)商貿區(qu)、景(jing)觀區(qu)、住宅區(qu)、中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)廣場、五星級酒店等(deng),位于紅河岸邊的南(nan)溪河畔,與河口(kou)瑤(yao)族自治縣行政中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)相連(lian),與越南(nan)正(zheng)在(zai)建設中(zhong)的金城商貿開(kai)發區(qu)隔河相望(wang),地理位置異常優越。

南溪(xi)河畔火車(che)站是滇越(yue)米軌鐵(tie)路(lu)上國內列(lie)車(che)與越(yue)南列(lie)車(che)交接轉運之(zhi)地,每天貨(huo)物24小(xiao)時(shi)不停地通過中越(yue)鐵(tie)路(lu)大橋進(jin)出越(yue)南及(ji)東南亞(ya)國家。火車(che)站內,邊防、海關、鐵(tie)路(lu)、檢驗(yan)檢疫等部(bu)門在(zai)此聯(lian)合(he)辦(ban)公,辦(ban)理進(jin)出口貨(huo)物手續簡(jian)便,只需很短時(shi)間。

沈陽(yang)東(dong)北機電(dian)五金城開始招商

10月27日,東北地區規(gui)模(mo)最大且極具發展潛力的東北機電(dian)五(wu)金城(cheng)(原(yuan)滑翔五(wu)金城(cheng))正式開盤招商。

東北機電五金城(cheng)位(wei)(wei)于沈陽鐵(tie)西區(qu)滑翔地區(qu)(原滑翔五金城(cheng)),總經營面積35萬平方米,商城(cheng)硬件設施(shi)齊全,配備有大型(xing)停車場(chang)、大型(xing)倉庫、專(zhuan)業(ye)貨(huo)梯、專(zhuan)業(ye)機械吊車等,其硬件配套設施(shi)水平在沈城(cheng)同類型(xing)市(shi)場(chang)中位(wei)(wei)居首位(wei)(wei)。

東(dong)北機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)五(wu)金城是全國兩大(da)五(wu)金機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)中心之一,以批發零(ling)售(shou)(shou)水暖閥門、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)五(wu)金、鋼材、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備等為(wei)主,既是東(dong)北地(di)區(qu)最大(da)的五(wu)金機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)批發零(ling)售(shou)(shou)基(ji)地(di),也(ye)是東(dong)北地(di)區(qu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床設(she)備交(jiao)易(yi)中心。

吉(ji)林省(sheng)向(xiang)10個(ge)農產品批發市場派(pai)駐"監(jian)督員(yuan)"

新華(hua)網11月14日(ri)消息(xi) 為保證農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan),吉林(lin)省農(nong)委將向省內10個(ge)重點農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)批(pi)發市場派駐農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)專項整治監督員。

據了解,這10個農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)是(shi)納入吉(ji)林(lin)省農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)專項整治監測范圍的重點市(shi)場(chang),其中包括(kuo)長春蔬菜中心批發市(shi)場(chang)、長春果品(pin)(pin)(pin)批發市(shi)場(chang)等。監督員將負責(ze)指導市(shi)場(chang)建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢測室(點),指導、監督市(shi)場(chang)建(jian)立質量(liang)追(zhui)溯制(zhi)度,監督、協調(diao)和(he)處理市(shi)場(chang)及(ji)經(jing)營(ying)業戶違反農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)相關(guan)法律(lv)、法規的行為,以及(ji)協調(diao)工商等部(bu)門對農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽檢超標的經(jing)營(ying)業戶進(jin)行教育和(he)處罰(fa)。

天(tian)津建立批發市場重點聯系(xi)機制

為加(jia)強對批發市場的分類指導,天津(jin)市商務委在全(quan)市建立批發市場重點(dian)聯系機制。

據(ju)了解,凡(fan)被確定為重(zhong)點(dian)聯系(xi)的(de)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),市(shi)商務委(wei)將(jiang)采取多種形式(shi)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)行(xing)宣傳(chuan)推(tui)介,擴大影響;優(you)先(xian)安排參加商務部、市(shi)政府組織的(de)重(zhong)要活動(dong)(dong),組織出(chu)國培訓(xun)和考察活動(dong)(dong),推(tui)動(dong)(dong)培訓(xun)交流;總結推(tui)廣重(zhong)點(dian)聯系(xi)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)創新運行(xing)模式(shi)和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)經驗,研究批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建設(she)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢,引導市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)創新;對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)信息網(wang)絡、結算(suan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、檢驗檢測、安全監控、商戶管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、加工配(pei)送(song)、環保(bao)、消(xiao)防及冷鏈設(she)施等建設(she)改造(zao)項目給予扶持,促進(jin)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)改造(zao)升級;實(shi)行(xing)示(shi)范市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)命名和授牌,以帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)和引導批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交易方式(shi)、經營(ying)技術、服務功能(neng)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度的(de)全面創新,培育示(shi)范市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang);對(dui)重(zhong)點(dian)聯系(xi)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)實(shi)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)態管(guan)理(li)(li)(li),根(gen)據(ju)全市(shi)批(pi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)定期評估(gu),每年適(shi)當(dang)調(diao)整。

皖西最大(da)農產品批發市場將投建

皖西目前最大的(de)農產品批發大市場即將投建,旨在全(quan)力(li)提升(sheng)六(liu)安農產品形象,年成交額(e)將達10多億(yi)元。

據介紹(shao),皖西農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品批發(fa)大(da)市(shi)(shi)場,是安徽省(sheng)六安市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)政府批準建(jian)設的“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)”重點菜籃子(zi)工(gong)(gong)程,總規劃占(zhan)地300畝。這個市(shi)(shi)場定位為專業農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品批發(fa)市(shi)(shi)場,主營干鮮果、醬味食(shi)品、糧油(you)、中(zhong)(zhong)藥材、種子(zi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥、化肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)資、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機、蔬菜、畜禽產品、水產品等,是一(yi)個集(ji)(ji)批發(fa)、保鮮、冷藏、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、倉儲、商住、停車(che)、信息(xi)為一(yi)體(ti)的超大(da)型(xing)綜合農(nong)(nong)(nong)副產品集(ji)(ji)散中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。

福州臺江(jiang)永升商貿城趕商戶出門(men)

10月30日上午,位于福州臺江的(de)永升商貿城里,上演了一出物業趕商戶的(de)鬧劇。

這里(li)的(de)二十多(duo)商(shang)戶(hu)認為該(gai)商(shang)貿城沒有取得相關審批手續,使他們沒法辦(ban)工商(shang)營業(ye)執照(zhao),因而拒繳租金。為了(le)趕(gan)走這些(xie)商(shang)戶(hu),永升商(shang)貿城的(de)物(wu)業(ye)管理方強行鋸(ju)開一些(xie)商(shang)戶(hu)鋪位(wei)的(de)門(men)鎖,搬出貨物(wu)。

據負責永(yong)升商(shang)貿城(cheng)日(ri)常運營的華升投資(zi)開(kai)發公司有(you)關負責人林經理介紹,商(shang)貿城(cheng)與商(shang)戶(hu)簽署的租賃合同里(li)沒有(you)約定商(shang)貿城(cheng)的相關審批手續問題(ti),商(shang)戶(hu)無法辦(ban)工商(shang)營業執照(zhao)與商(shang)貿城(cheng)無關。

對此,臺(tai)江(jiang)工商局瀛洲工商所(suo)吳(wu)所(suo)長說,永(yong)升商貿城由于二(er)次裝修沒有(you)通過消(xiao)防驗收,所(suo)以沒有(you)取(qu)得(de)其他(ta)相應審批手續。由于該商貿城方(fang)面沒能提供合法(fa)的經營場所(suo),使商戶(hu)無法(fa)取(qu)得(de)營業執照合法(fa)經營,商戶(hu)有(you)權拒絕繳(jiao)納(na)租金。

山西(xi)省13家大型農(nong)產品(pin)批發市場實行準入制

11月12日,從山西(xi)省質(zhi)監局(ju)了解到(dao),截至目前,在山西(xi)省產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量和食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)專項整治中,山西(xi)省13個(ge)大型農產品(pin)(pin)批發市場(chang)已全(quan)部納入質(zhi)量安全(quan)監測(ce)范圍。

據了(le)解,這13個大型農產品(pin)市(shi)場分布在(zai)太原、大同(tong)、臨汾等11個大中(zhong)型城市(shi)。納入(ru)(ru)監測范圍后,市(shi)場要(yao)成立專門的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測中(zhong)心,配備速測儀器,實行(xing)(xing)市(shi)場準入(ru)(ru)制(zhi)度。產品(pin)在(zai)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)市(shi)場前,檢(jian)(jian)測中(zhong)心要(yao)對產品(pin)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)農藥殘留等方面的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查,不合格的(de)產品(pin)禁止進(jin)入(ru)(ru)。同(tong)時,檢(jian)(jian)測結果(guo)將自動傳送(song)到省農產品(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)檢(jian)(jian)測網上。

海(hai)南(nan)計劃6年改造500個農(nong)貿市(shi)場

《海南省城(cheng)鎮農(nong)貿市(shi)場(chang)規劃建設管(guan)理辦法》(以下簡稱《辦法》)已經海南省人(ren)民政府(fu)第126次常務會(hui)議審議通過,于2007年11月1日起施(shi)行(xing)。據海南省商務廳(ting)市(shi)場(chang)運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理處有關(guan)負責人(ren)介紹,按照《辦法》的(de)標(biao)準(zhun),將用6年時間,完(wan)成全省近500個(ge)農(nong)貿市(shi)場(chang)的(de)改(gai)造。

辦法指出,城鎮(zhen)農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)的設置,應(ying)當符(fu)合(he)統一規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、合(he)理布局(ju)、方便(bian)群眾、有利交易、規(gui)模適當的原則,根據(ju)居住人口(kou)、服務半徑、消費需(xu)求等因素確定。對不(bu)符(fu)合(he)城鎮(zhen)農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)發展規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)和農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)建設標準的項目,規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)部門不(bu)予辦理有關規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)許可手續。

按照(zhao)《辦法》規定(ding),不(bu)按照(zhao)標準(zhun)建設(she)或者改(gai)造城鎮農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de),當地商務(wu)主管(guan)部門應(ying)當責(ze)令其限期整改(gai),逾期不(bu)改(gai)正的(de),由(you)當地政府予以關(guan)閉。政府決定(ding)關(guan)閉城鎮的(de)農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang),應(ying)當按照(zhao)城鎮農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)發展規劃就(jiu)近重新(xin)設(she)置新(xin)的(de)城鎮農(nong)(nong)貿(mao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。

湖北鄂州一建材市(shi)場凌(ling)晨突發大火

10月(yue)31日凌(ling)晨,鄂(e)(e)東南最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)建材集散地(di)――飛(fei)鵝建材市場內(nei)一棟兩層樓房突(tu)發大(da)(da)火,廠房內(nei)儲存的(de)木材、塑料等(deng)易燃物迅(xun)速燃燒,經(jing)鄂(e)(e)州消(xiao)防官(guan)兵全力撲救,3個小時(shi)后大(da)(da)火被撲滅,所(suo)幸無人員傷亡。

據一(yi)位(wei)建(jian)材店(dian)老板(ban)介(jie)紹,起(qi)火廠房(fang)面(mian)積有(you)近千(qian)平方米(mi),內(nei)(nei)有(you)一(yi)家木材加工廠和一(yi)家塑(su)料制品加工廠。在(zai)其(qi)周圍分布有(you)50多家建(jian)材門店(dian),主要(yao)經營木質地板(ban)、油漆等(deng)物(wu)品。由于起(qi)火時間是凌晨,很多店(dian)內(nei)(nei)值守人員都在(zai)睡夢中,消防官兵逐家逐戶(hu)敲(qiao)門將他們疏散。

經過(guo)消防官兵3個小時的奮戰,凌晨6時左右,明火被全部撲(pu)滅。

【零售連鎖】

零(ling)售巨(ju)頭統(tong)一采(cai)購(gou)標(biao)準(zhun) GFSI認證將(jiang)在中國推行

在(zai)2007年11月1日召開的第九屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)連鎖業大會上,沃爾瑪、家樂福等七(qi)大國(guo)(guo)際(ji)零(ling)售巨頭聯合簽訂全球(qiu)食品安全倡(chang)議(GFSI認證(zheng)),將在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)推行(xing)GFSI認證(zheng),此舉意(yi)味著中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)供應商的食品安全標準將統一。

業內相關人士認為,該(gai)標(biao)準若(ruo)在中國(guo)實(shi)施(shi),必將提(ti)高我國(guo)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)的門(men)檻(jian)。但(dan)因(yin)目前我國(guo)的供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)絕大(da)多數不具(ju)備這(zhe)項認證,短期(qi)內實(shi)施(shi)GFSI難度較大(da)。如果(guo)GFSI認證在零售(shou)企(qi)業中統(tong)一推行,將使那些實(shi)力(li)欠缺(que)、質量難以(yi)保障的小供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)被淘汰。

ATM及POS最新節(jie)能(neng)雙核(he)技(ji)術誕生(sheng)

NCR近日(ri)宣布將在其自動取款機(ATMs)以及銷售點終端(duan)(POS)解決方案中(zhong)提供Intel®雙核處理(li)器技術。

在添(tian)加Intel雙核處理器之后,NCR的(de)(de)ATM以及NCR RealPOS產品線將使現(xian)今(jin)日益復雜的(de)(de)輔助和自(zi)助服(fu)務(wu)交易更加快速(su)和順暢,并為營造下一代客戶體驗及展示(shi)更具(ju)視覺沖擊的(de)(de)圖像界面提供良好的(de)(de)平臺。

此外,添加了Intel雙核處理(li)器(qi)(qi)的(de)產品具(ju)有(you)更高(gao)的(de)電力(li)效能(neng)(neng),使電能(neng)(neng)僅僅傳輸(shu)至處理(li)器(qi)(qi)所需之(zhi)處,從而有(you)效節省能(neng)(neng)耗。NCR還對現有(you)Personas系(xi)列ATM提(ti)供升級工具(ju)包。應用(yong)該處理(li)器(qi)(qi)技術之(zhi)后(hou),ATM的(de)處理(li)速度可提(ti)升高(gao)達(da)40%,其節能(neng)(neng)性也將大大增強(qiang)。

川田科技推出高(gao)端收款機(ji)

在(zai)2007年11月1日舉辦(ban)的(de)第(di)九屆連鎖店展(zhan)覽會上(shang),來自(zi)廣東(dong)的(de)收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)機(ji)(ji)生產企(qi)業(ye)川田科技(ji)推(tui)出(chu)了(le)其連續三(san)次(ci)獲(huo)得國際設(she)計大獎(jiang)的(de)產品(pin):opoz3000,5000,8000系列(lie)高端收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)機(ji)(ji)。作為Intel的(de)戰略(lve)合作伙伴,川田科技(ji)是國內首家將(jiang)Intel嵌入式技(ji)術應(ying)用到收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)。此次(ci)推(tui)出(chu)的(de)這三(san)款(kuan)新型收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)機(ji)(ji)外(wai)形典(dian)雅(ya),設(she)計時(shi)尚,技(ji)術先進,顛覆了(le)零(ling)售業(ye)對(dui)于收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)機(ji)(ji)笨頭笨腦的(de)呆(dai)板印象。此外(wai),3000系列(lie)收(shou)(shou)款(kuan)機(ji)(ji)還(huan)采取了(le)易拆裝的(de)架構(gou),為客戶(hu)節省(sheng)了(le)大量的(de)維修時(shi)間。一同參加展(zhan)會的(de)多家零(ling)售業(ye)百強企(qi)業(ye)對(dui)其表(biao)示出(chu)了(le)強烈的(de)興(xing)趣。

IBM推(tui)出新(xin)零售(shou)解決方(fang)案

近日,IBM公司推出(chu)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列圍(wei)繞“以顧客為中(zhong)心(xin)”的新一(yi)(yi)(yi)代解決方案,再次圍(wei)繞虛構的零售商Value Trend公司,設計出(chu)了針對年輕一(yi)(yi)(yi)代銷售服(fu)裝和配飾(shi)的業務(wu)模式(VTeen)和用于(yu)向家(jia)庭提供家(jia)庭用品和服(fu)務(wu)(VTLiving)的解決方案,可以讓消(xiao)費(fei)者足不出(chu)戶就體驗到未來(lai)商店的購物(wu)之旅(lv)。

VTeen 是一種用(yong)于向年齡(ling)介于80后的(de)青(qing)少年銷售服(fu)裝和(he)(he)配飾的(de)業務模式,專注于在商店和(he)(he)網(wang)上營(ying)造(zao)前衛(wei)的(de)購(gou)物(wu)體驗。在VTeen的(de)解(jie)決方(fang)案中(zhong)消費(fei)者可以(yi)體驗到(dao)網(wang)絡購(gou)物(wu)、商品管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)供應鏈(lian)核心(xin)支持技術等。VTLiving用(yong)于向家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)提供家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)用(yong)品和(he)(he)服(fu)務,是因日常瑣(suo)事而忙(mang)碌的(de)家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)的(de)理(li)想購(gou)物(wu)選擇。這一方(fang)案還特別(bie)為用(yong)戶設計了商店、網(wang)站和(he)(he)周邊服(fu)務。

NCR推出全方位(wei)零售商(shang)店自動(dong)化(hua)解(jie)決方案

由AC尼爾森(sen)公司針對北京、上海(hai)和廣州的(de)1551名抽樣受訪者(zhe)展開的(de)中國(guo)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)排(pai)隊調查(cha)報告顯示,在消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)經(jing)常遭遇排(pai)隊問題的(de)各類場所中,零(ling)售商店以43%排(pai)隊機率(lv)高居(ju)第三(san)位(wei)。

篇7

一、總體(ti)思路及目標任(ren)務

(一)總(zong)體(ti)思(si)路。堅持創(chuang)新(xin)、協調、綠色(se)、開放、共享發(fa)(fa)展理念,以(yi)綠色(se)生態為導向,以(yi)提高(gao)日光(guang)溫(wen)室產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量為目標,以(yi)推(tui)進農業(ye)供給側結(jie)構性改革(ge)為主線,以(yi)科技創(chuang)新(xin)為驅動,突(tu)出(chu)重點(dian)、綜合施策,扎實(shi)開展日光(guang)溫(wen)室有(you)機農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)基地(di)建設工作,打(da)造(zao)綠色(se)有(you)機品(pin)(pin)牌(pai),做大做強日光(guang)溫(wen)室產(chan)業(ye),著力構建綠色(se)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)系,不斷(duan)提升日光(guang)溫(wen)室農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)水平和品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)味,加快轉(zhuan)變農業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展方式(shi),走產(chan)出(chu)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)、資源節約、環(huan)境(jing)友好的現代農業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展道路,努力實(shi)現農業(ye)持續(xu)增(zeng)效(xiao)(xiao)、農民(min)持續(xu)增(zeng)收。

(二)目標任務。選擇群眾積極性(xing)高、村(cun)級(ji)(ji)組織能(neng)力(li)強、經營上(shang)規模、技術水平高、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效益好的日(ri)光(guang)(guang)溫室(shi)基地,開展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)機農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)基地創建(jian)。從2017年開始,以重興(xing)鎮(zhen)上(shang)案(an)村(cun)、雙(shuang)茨(ci)科鎮(zhen)紅東(dong)村(cun)、收成(cheng)鎮(zhen)興(xing)盛村(cun)為(wei)重點,分別打(da)造番茄、人參果、西(xi)瓜、甜瓜等有(you)(you)(you)機農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)基地,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模達(da)520座(zuo)、1040畝。其中:重興(xing)鎮(zhen)上(shang)案(an)村(cun)118座(zuo)、236畝,雙(shuang)茨(ci)科鎮(zhen)紅東(dong)村(cun)210座(zuo)、420畝,收成(cheng)鎮(zhen)興(xing)盛村(cun)192座(zuo)、384畝。按照“當年綠色、兩(liang)年有(you)(you)(you)機”的發展(zhan)(zhan)要求,全(quan)(quan)面推行有(you)(you)(you)機農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)標準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術規程,力(li)爭2017-2018年生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期,示(shi)(shi)范(fan)基地農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)達(da)到(dao)綠色食品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標準(zhun)(zhun)。2018-2019年生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期,示(shi)(shi)范(fan)基地農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)達(da)到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)機食品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)標準(zhun)(zhun),并(bing)通過有(you)(you)(you)機農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證,輻(fu)射帶動全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)日(ri)光(guang)(guang)溫室(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業上(shang)檔升級(ji)(ji)。

二、技術措施

(一)推(tui)廣抗(kang)(kang)病優質高產品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao))。在日光溫室有(you)機(ji)農產品(pin)示范基地(di)全部(bu)選用抗(kang)(kang)病優質品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)和有(you)機(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao),增強抗(kang)(kang)病蟲害能力。嚴禁(jin)使用轉基因作物品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),嚴禁(jin)使用包衣(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)子繁育(yu)的種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao),杜絕帶病、帶菌種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)入棚,從源頭上(shang)保(bao)證(zheng)有(you)機(ji)農產品(pin)生(sheng)產的基礎(chu)條件。

(二)落實有機農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)轉換(huan)(huan)期(qi)。示(shi)范(fan)基地從2017年6月(yue)(yue)開始進(jin)入有機生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)階段,到2019年6月(yue)(yue),為(wei)期(qi)24個月(yue)(yue)為(wei)有機農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)轉換(huan)(huan)期(qi)。轉換(huan)(huan)期(qi)內(nei),嚴(yan)格執行有機農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規程,全面禁用化(hua)學合成(cheng)的肥料、農(nong)(nong)藥、植物生(sheng)(sheng)長調(diao)節劑等投入品(pin),確保按期(qi)轉換(huan)(huan)。

(三)全(quan)程使用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)料。在(zai)示(shi)范基地全(quan)程使用(yong)農(nong)家肥(fei)和(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)生(sheng)物肥(fei),增加土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質含量,改(gai)善土(tu)壤(rang)理化性(xing)狀。每座日光溫室施用(yong)羊(yang)、牛、雞糞等腐熟的有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)25方和(he)生(sheng)物有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)400公斤。

(四)全面落實農業技術措施。生產過(guo)程中(zhong)嚴格落實輪作(zuo)倒茬、休棚(peng)曬棚(peng)、深翻(fan)改土、膜下高壟(long)滴灌、機械和(he)人(ren)工鋤草、覆膜保(bao)溫降濕等農業技術措施,有效改善作(zuo)物生長(chang)環境,減少(shao)病蟲(chong)害(hai)發生。

(五(wu))全面(mian)推(tui)行(xing)物(wu)理防控技術。在生產過(guo)程中,全面(mian)應用電動授粉(fen)、防蟲網(wang)阻蟲、粘(zhan)蟲板誘(you)蟲、反光(guang)幕增(zeng)溫、高溫悶棚消毒等物(wu)理技術措施,實(shi)現(xian)綠(lv)色防控目標(biao)。

(六)全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)廣(guang)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源農藥(yao)。在示(shi)范基地(di)全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)廣(guang)煙堿、苦參堿、咖啡(fei)因、番茄堿、阿托品(pin)、香芹酚等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源殺蟲劑,推(tui)廣(guang)春雷霉(mei)素(su)、井崗霉(mei)素(su)、農抗120、蘇云金桿菌、大(da)蒜素(su)等(deng)殺菌劑,有效(xiao)防治病蟲危害。

(七)推行“六統一(yi)”生(sheng)產管(guan)理模式。在示范(fan)基(ji)地,推行統一(yi)產前(qian)準備、統一(yi)種植品種、統一(yi)種苗供應、統一(yi)病蟲害防治、統一(yi)灌(guan)溉施(shi)肥(fei)、統一(yi)采摘收獲的“六統一(yi)”模式,提高生(sheng)產管(guan)理水平。

(八)建立二維碼溯(su)(su)(su)源管理體系。在示(shi)范基地,全(quan)部(bu)配套農產(chan)品二維碼查詢(xun)系統,將產(chan)地環境、種苗、施(shi)肥(fei)、用藥、采摘、包裝、儲運、銷售(shou)等環節納入追溯(su)(su)(su)范圍,做到“帶(dai)標上市、過(guo)程可控、質量追溯(su)(su)(su)”。

(九)建(jian)立(li)超市(shi)品牌銷(xiao)售(shou)渠(qu)道。加(jia)大有機農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品申報(bao)認證力(li)度,做(zuo)到有標生產(chan)(chan)、有標上(shang)(shang)市(shi)、有標流通(tong)。積極發展產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)對接(jie)(jie)(jie)、農(nong)社對接(jie)(jie)(jie)、農(nong)超對接(jie)(jie)(jie)、直(zhi)銷(xiao)直(zhi)供、電商網購等(deng)新型流通(tong)業(ye)態,促進農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品順暢銷(xiao)售(shou)。聯系大型超市(shi)設立(li)直(zhi)銷(xiao)專柜,推行農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品分級包裝上(shang)(shang)市(shi),對產(chan)(chan)品統一(yi)包裝、統一(yi)品牌、統一(yi)價格,實現(xian)同質同價、優質優價。

三、建(jian)設(she)內容及工作重(zhong)點

(一)制(zhi)定有(you)(you)機(ji)農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規程和示范基地技術(shu)方(fang)案。依據(ju)有(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)標準(GB/T19630),分作物(wu)制(zhi)定有(you)(you)機(ji)農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規程和示范基地建(jian)設方(fang)案,做到有(you)(you)機(ji)農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)有(you)(you)規可依、有(you)(you)章可循。

(二)培育有(you)機農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)示范戶(hu)。在重興鎮(zhen)上案村(cun)(cun)、雙茨科鎮(zhen)紅東(dong)村(cun)(cun)、收成鎮(zhen)興盛村(cun)(cun)選擇積極(ji)性高、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規范、經營效(xiao)益好的農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)作為(wei)示范戶(hu),集中(zhong)進(jin)行培訓。示范戶(hu)要帶(dai)頭執行有(you)機農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規程,做好農(nong)(nong)事活(huo)動(dong)記錄(lu),搞好傳(chuan)、幫(bang)、帶(dai),輻射帶(dai)動(dong)周邊農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)開展標(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。

(三(san))加強有(you)機農產品基地環(huan)境監測(ce)(ce)。按照《土壤環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)》(GB15618-1995)、《農田灌溉水質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)》(GB5084)、《環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)》(GB3095-1996)的二級標(biao)準(zhun)和《保護農作物的大氣(qi)污(wu)染物最高(gao)允(yun)許濃度》(GB9137)等標(biao)準(zhun),委托有(you)資質(zhi)(zhi)的監測(ce)(ce)機構,對水源、土壤、空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)等環(huan)境狀況(kuang)進行檢測(ce)(ce),確保各(ge)項指(zhi)標(biao)達到(dao)技術要求。

(四(si))健(jian)(jian)全有(you)(you)機農(nong)產品生(sheng)產檔(dang)案。在(zai)示范基地(di)指派專人負責日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)產、收(shou)獲、儲藏(zang)、銷售等環節的記錄(lu)工作(zuo),及時做好有(you)(you)機農(nong)業生(sheng)產管理(li)記錄(lu),填寫記錄(lu)表(biao),如實記錄(lu)有(you)(you)機農(nong)業日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)產管理(li)活動,健(jian)(jian)全農(nong)事操作(zuo)記載和生(sheng)產管理(li)檔(dang)案,做到生(sheng)產有(you)(you)記錄(lu)、流向(xiang)可追(zhui)蹤、信(xin)息可查(cha)詢。

(五)加強技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)培(pei)訓與生(sheng)產指導。嚴格落實技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員承諾(nuo)包抓示(shi)范點責任制,每個基地確定技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員負責技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)服務。圍繞(rao)有機農(nong)產品生(sheng)產各個環節,手把(ba)手、面對面開(kai)展技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)指導,確保(bao)種植戶熟練(lian)掌握生(sheng)產技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

(六)開(kai)展有機(ji)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)申(shen)報認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)。加大有機(ji)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)保護(hu)力(li)度,引(yin)導和(he)(he)支持(chi)企業(ye)(ye)、農民專業(ye)(ye)合(he)作社等經營主(zhu)體(ti)積極開(kai)展有機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng),不斷提(ti)高(gao)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)市場競爭力(li)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)美譽度。強化對有機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)監督管理,堅(jian)決杜絕超期(qi)、超范圍使(shi)用(yong)認(ren)(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。

四、扶持政策

加大對日光溫室有機農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)基地創(chuang)建的扶(fu)持(chi)力(li)度,對生產(chan)(chan)資料購置、設施設備配(pei)套、滴灌設施安(an)裝、產(chan)(chan)地環境檢測、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)檢測、有機產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證等方面給予重點支(zhi)持(chi)。

(一(yi))物(wu)(wu)(wu)化補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)。對示范基地有(you)機生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)所需的有(you)機生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)肥、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農藥(yao)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資料,采取物(wu)(wu)(wu)化形(xing)式按(an)年進行補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)。第一(yi)個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)期內,每座日光溫室補(bu)(bu)貼有(you)機生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)肥400公斤(jin)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農藥(yao)4公斤(jin)(殺蟲劑、殺菌劑各2公斤(jin))。下一(yi)個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)期,按(an)以上標準減(jian)半執行。

(二)設施設備(bei)(bei)配備(bei)(bei)。為示范基地日(ri)光溫室(shi)一次性配備(bei)(bei)防蟲(chong)網(wang)(wang)、粘(zhan)蟲(chong)板、反(fan)光幕、電(dian)動授(shou)粉(fen)器(qi)等(deng)設施設備(bei)(bei)(防蟲(chong)網(wang)(wang)、粘(zhan)蟲(chong)板、反(fan)光幕一次性配套(tao)可使用(yong)3年(nian)(nian),電(dian)動授(shou)粉(fen)器(qi)一次性配套(tao)可使用(yong)5年(nian)(nian))。每座(zuo)日(ri)光溫室(shi)配備(bei)(bei)防蟲(chong)網(wang)(wang)120米(mi)、需(xu)粘(zhan)蟲(chong)板35張、反(fan)光幕60米(mi)、電(dian)動授(shou)粉(fen)器(qi)1個(ge)。

(三)滴灌(guan)設(she)施(shi)安裝。為(wei)生產(chan)基地(di)日光(guang)溫(wen)室配套安裝滴灌(guan)設(she)施(shi)。

(四)產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)檢(jian)測。在示范(fan)基地(di)創建(jian)期,委托(tuo)第三方檢(jian)測機構對示范(fan)基地(di)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)、水體、空氣等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)進行檢(jian)測,相關費(fei)用由縣(xian)財(cai)政承(cheng)擔。

(五)農(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全檢測。在示范(fan)(fan)基地(di)創建期,定期對示范(fan)(fan)基地(di)農(nong)產品(pin)質量安(an)全狀況進行檢測,相關費(fei)用由縣財政承擔。

(六)有機產品認證(zheng)(zheng)。在示范基地創(chuang)建期(qi),對示范基地申(shen)報認證(zheng)(zheng)有機產品進行獎(jiang)勵(li),每認證(zheng)(zheng)1個有機產品獎(jiang)勵(li)資(zi)金4萬元。

以上(shang)各項費用(yong)約需300萬(wan)元,全部由縣(xian)(xian)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)籌措。每個生產(chan)周期,經村、鎮初(chu)驗(yan),縣(xian)(xian)級驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)兌現扶持政(zheng)策。領導小(xiao)組(zu)辦(ban)公室(shi)從農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧、財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)、環保、質(zhi)監、水務、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)、督(du)查等部門單(dan)位抽調人員對農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)示范(fan)基地(di)創(chuang)建進(jin)行考核驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)。對驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)合(he)(he)格的(de)示范(fan)基地(di),縣(xian)(xian)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)分期分批向基地(di)公司(專業(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she))撥付資金,由基地(di)公司(專業(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she))統一采購生產(chan)資料和設施(shi)設備,并發放(fang)到農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)。對驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)不合(he)(he)格的(de)基地(di),取消示范(fan)基地(di)創(chuang)建資格,不再享受扶持政(zheng)策。

五、保障措施

(一(yi))加(jia)強(qiang)組(zu)織領(ling)導(dao)。縣(xian)上成立由縣(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)分(fen)管領(ling)導(dao)任(ren)組(zu)長,縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧、財政(zheng)(zheng)、水(shui)務(wu)(wu)、科(ke)技、環保、食藥、工(gong)(gong)(gong)商、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業綜(zong)合(he)執法大隊、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品質量(liang)安全監督(du)檢測(ce)站、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技中心、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)廣校(xiao)等部門(men)單位和(he)相關(guan)鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)主要負(fu)責人為成員(yuan)的有(you)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu),領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)下設(she)辦公室(shi),辦公室(shi)設(she)在縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧局,具體負(fu)責示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)的協調服(fu)務(wu)(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。各相關(guan)部門(men)要按照(zhao)職(zhi)責分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong),協作(zuo)配合(he),齊抓共管,共同(tong)推(tui)進有(you)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)各項目標任(ren)務(wu)(wu)落(luo)實。將(jiang)日光溫室(shi)有(you)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)創(chuang)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)納(na)入有(you)關(guan)部門(men)和(he)鎮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)實績考核(he)(he)范(fan)疇,加(jia)強(qiang)考核(he)(he)督(du)查,確保創(chuang)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有(you)序推(tui)進。

(二)靠實(shi)工(gong)作責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任。重興(xing)、雙茨科和(he)收成(cheng)(cheng)鎮政(zheng)府(fu)要制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)示范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)創建(jian)方案,并全(quan)(quan)力抓好各項(xiang)工(gong)作落實(shi);農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日光溫室有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)準化生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規程制(zhi)定(ding)(ding),組織協調(diao)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)、以(yi)及檢測體系建(jian)設工(gong)作;財政(zheng)局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)資金籌措和(he)安排;水務局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)溫室滴灌配套設施安裝和(he)調(diao)試(shi)運行;環(huan)保局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)土壤、水體、空氣等環(huan)境質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督管理(li);食藥(yao)局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)對有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)標(biao)準化生產(chan)(chan)流通(tong)環(huan)節的(de)(de)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管;工(gong)商局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場管理(li),打擊(ji)假冒有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)違法(fa)行為;商務局負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)電(dian)商銷(xiao)售渠(qu)道建(jian)立;供銷(xiao)社負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售工(gong)作;農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜(zong)合執法(fa)大隊負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管;農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測站負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)檢測和(he)申報認證(zheng);農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)中(zhong)心負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)重興(xing)鎮上(shang)案村、雙茨科鎮紅(hong)東村示范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指導(dao)工(gong)作,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)廣校負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)收成(cheng)(cheng)鎮興(xing)盛(sheng)村示范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指導(dao)工(gong)作。

篇8

關鍵詞:糧食安全(quan);經濟法(fa);市場;保障

1糧食安全概述

聯(lian)合國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)組織(zhi)在(zai)1974年世界糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大會上提(ti)出(chu):“糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)是人(ren)類目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種基本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活權利,即保(bao)證任何(he)人(ren)在(zai)任何(he)地方(fang)都能夠得到(dao)為(wei)了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)存和健康所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)足(zu)夠食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)”。1983年4月,聯(lian)合國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)組織(zhi)原總干事愛德華•薩烏馬提(ti)出(chu)了(le)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新概念,豐富了(le)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵,即“確保(bao)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)在(zai)任何(he)時(shi)候既能買(mai)得到(dao)又能買(mai)得起(qi)他們(men)所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物”。國(guo)內(nei)(nei)學者(zhe)對(dui)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析主要(yao)從糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總產(chan)(chan)量波動指數、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自給(gei)率、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲(chu)備率、按人(ren)口平(ping)(ping)均(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)量、低收(shou)入(ru)階層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)多項指標著手。對(dui)一個國(guo)家或地區而言,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)是糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)需(xu)平(ping)(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸,一般用(yong)(yong)供(gong)需(xu)平(ping)(ping)衡分(fen)(fen)析后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凈進口(或糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自給(gei)率)來測度(du)。廣義而言,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)不僅包(bao)括全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)、國(guo)家、家庭(ting)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)個人(ren)等(deng)(deng)多個層(ceng)面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)獲得能力(li),也包(bao)括營養安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)及(ji)(ji)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)國(guo)際、國(guo)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)及(ji)(ji)貿易(yi)息息相(xiang)關(guan)(guan),而家庭(ting)及(ji)(ji)個人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)獲得能力(li)和營養安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)則與(yu)家庭(ting)和個人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)支配收(shou)入(ru)存在(zai)密切聯(lian)系[1]。本(ben)文所關(guan)(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)以(yi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流通(tong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)這一視角為(wei)重點(dian),根據(ju)其效用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值分(fen)(fen)析,在(zai)從生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環節向(xiang)消(xiao)費領域轉(zhuan)移的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中,歷經糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)購、儲(chu)存、運輸、加工、銷售等(deng)(deng)環節,將這些環節有機地聯(lian)系在(zai)一起(qi)就構成(cheng)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流通(tong)[2]。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流通(tong)作為(wei)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與(yu)消(xiao)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)結點(dian),在(zai)保(bao)證糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有效供(gong)給(gei)和穩(wen)定(ding)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)方(fang)面起(qi)著無可(ke)(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵作用(yong)(yong)。

2運用經濟(ji)法保障我國糧食安全問題的必要性

2.1糧(liang)食安全事(shi)關國(guo)計民生

糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)(quan)是國家(jia)經濟(ji)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組成部分,是事(shi)關國計民生和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要問題(ti)。關于糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)性,理論界目(mu)前還存有(you)爭議(yi),一(yi)種觀(guan)點(dian)認為(wei):在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經濟(ji)條件下,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質屬(shu)性就是商(shang)品(pin)屬(shu)性,它與(yu)“其他一(yi)般商(shang)品(pin)沒有(you)什么(me)不(bu)同(tong),都是價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)上同(tong)質并有(you)不(bu)同(tong)使用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品(pin)”。另一(yi)種觀(guan)點(dian)認為(wei):糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)業是弱質產業,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)是公共物品(pin),具有(you)非競爭性和(he)(he)(he)非排他性的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian),因此,市(shi)(shi)場(chang)那只“看(kan)不(bu)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手”買不(bu)到(dao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)(quan),糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)容易(yi)失靈,政府必須矯(jiao)治和(he)(he)(he)彌補(bu)。本(ben)文認同(tong)第二種觀(guan)點(dian),糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)作為(wei)每(mei)個人每(mei)天所必需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品(pin),在(zai)具有(you)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,其價(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)漲跌和(he)(he)(he)供需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化對市(shi)(shi)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大于其他一(yi)般商(shang)品(pin),因此糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)(quan)需(xu)(xu)要國家(jia)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)法律對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)進行(xing)干預。

2.2我國在糧食安全問題上法律體(ti)系尚不完善(shan)

首(shou)先(xian),糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)嚴(yan)重滯(zhi)后于(yu)(yu)保障糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)現實需要。一是(shi)有(you)關糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)數量(liang)過于(yu)(yu)稀少(shao)。目前我(wo)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)面只(zhi)有(you)《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》和《中(zhong)央(yang)儲備(bei)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》兩部條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li),而有(you)關糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通和糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)消費方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)只(zhi)見于(yu)(yu)少(shao)數法(fa)(fa)(fa)律具體(ti)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)文之中(zhong)。二是(shi)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)效力(li)(li)層次較低。《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》和《中(zhong)央(yang)儲備(bei)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律效力(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規范(fan)疇,在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個立法(fa)(fa)(fa)效力(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)第(di)三級別,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)效力(li)(li)層次不(bu)高,既不(bu)利于(yu)(yu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)建(jian)設,也不(bu)利于(yu)(yu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律保障。其次,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)易受國(guo)家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)策變化的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),穩(wen)定(ding)性較差。1998年(nian)(nian),國(guo)務院為(wei)貫徹落實好(hao)“三項政(zheng)(zheng)策,一項改革(ge)”,加(jia)強糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)購市場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),規范(fan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市場秩(zhi)序(xu),頒(ban)(ban)布了《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)購條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》,但是(shi)隨著(zhu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)購銷市場化改革(ge)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)快(kuai),僅僅實施3年(nian)(nian),《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)購條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》就因帶有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)計劃經(jing)濟色彩而導(dao)致很多問題難(nan)以執(zhi)行(xing),2003年(nian)(nian)《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》的(de)(de)(de)頒(ban)(ban)布實施正式宣告了《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)購條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》的(de)(de)(de)廢止(zhi)。1998年(nian)(nian)頒(ban)(ban)布的(de)(de)(de)《糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)購銷違法(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)為(wei)處罰辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也同樣(yang)沒有(you)擺脫被廢止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)命運。由此可見,我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)策在(zai)(zai)某種程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上講已經(jing)占據決定(ding)我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產和市場流(liu)(liu)通方(fang)向的(de)(de)(de)主導(dao)地(di)位(wei),而這(zhe)種主導(dao)地(di)位(wei)對于(yu)(yu)我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)化進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無疑是(shi)極為(wei)不(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)。

2.3政府(fu)宏觀調控體系(xi)不健全,需要經濟法加以引導

首先,由于國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)糧(liang)食(shi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)計劃經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)時(shi)代所(suo)具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊地(di)(di)位(wei),在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)仍具有(you)(you)舉(ju)足輕重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位(wei),享受著其(qi)他主體(ti)(ti)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)享受的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊優惠待遇,同時(shi)由于其(qi)存在(zai)(zai)政企(qi)不(bu)(bu)分(fen)、管(guan)理不(bu)(bu)善(shan)等(deng)問題,導致了糧(liang)食(shi)流通主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單一性(xing)和缺乏競爭(zheng)(zheng);其(qi)次,由于中(zhong)央與地(di)(di)方(fang)事權劃分(fen)不(bu)(bu)明,地(di)(di)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)間封鎖嚴重(zhong),加之(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)系不(bu)(bu)健全,導致宏觀調(diao)控政策(ce)難以(yi)落實(shi)(shi),從而(er)(er)出(chu)現宏觀調(diao)控乏力的(de)(de)(de)(de)局面。而(er)(er)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)克(ke)服(fu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)失靈方(fang)面有(you)(you)其(qi)內在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢:首先,經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)可以(yi)直(zhi)接對市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)私權進行限制(zhi),通過強制(zhi)性(xing)手段實(shi)(shi)現信息(xi)分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡以(yi)及有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭(zheng)(zheng),國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)糧(liang)食(shi)企(qi)業(ye)作為(wei)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)一也應當納入經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)調(diao)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍,從而(er)(er)實(shi)(shi)現糧(liang)食(shi)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)與糧(liang)食(shi)私有(you)(you)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)(zheng)公平;其(qi)次,經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)可以(yi)對市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益結構進行調(diao)整,從而(er)(er)使經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)人在(zai)(zai)進行決策(ce)時(shi)做(zuo)出(chu)既有(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于自身又有(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇;最后(hou),經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公共利(li)(li)(li)益優勢和遠(yuan)視(shi)優勢還可以(yi)抑制(zhi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盲目自利(li)(li)(li)和“短(duan)視(shi)”弱點,從而(er)(er)使市(shi)場(chang)(chang)健康、有(you)(you)效地(di)(di)運行。

2.4市場(chang)調控有利于(yu)保障糧食市場(chang)流(liu)通體系(xi)平穩運行

列寧曾經(jing)說過:“糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)一切(qie)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。”可見,糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)一國社會經(jing)濟(ji)發展中占(zhan)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)地位(wei),它關系(xi)(xi)到人類最(zui)基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生存問(wen)題(ti)。糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)作(zuo)為人們每天所(suo)必(bi)(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)消費品,與國家經(jing)濟(ji)安(an)全(quan)緊密相連(lian),保(bao)證(zheng)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)產量和糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)儲備,保(bao)證(zheng)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)在(zai)市場(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常流通,是(shi)國家經(jing)濟(ji)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保(bao)障。糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)流通體(ti)系(xi)(xi)在(zai)我國市場(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)環境(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)平穩(wen)運行(xing),不僅事關市場(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定高(gao)效(xiao),對我國經(jing)濟(ji)安(an)全(quan)也具(ju)有(you)全(quan)局性影響。

3糧食安全在經濟法(fa)維度上的保護(hu)

3.1健全(quan)糧食安全(quan)問題的立法

盡快制(zhi)定(ding)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問題綜合(he)性(xing)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),使保障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)問題有法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可依。目(mu)前,保障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)條(tiao)(tiao)文(wen)僅散(san)見于(yu)《土地管理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》《農業法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》《水利(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》等(deng)單行法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)以(yi)及國(guo)務(wu)院制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)《糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流通(tong)(tong)管理(li)條(tiao)(tiao)例》等(deng)行政法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規之(zhi)中。2012年2月,我(wo)國(guo)首(shou)部(bu)《糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(征(zheng)(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)(yi)見稿(gao))》面(mian)世并向社會各(ge)界征(zheng)(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)(yi)見,該征(zheng)(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)(yi)見稿(gao)規定(ding):國(guo)家(jia)實行宏觀調(diao)控下市(shi)場調(diao)節(jie)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產、流通(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)費活(huo)動的(de)管理(li)體制(zhi),糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)購、儲存、加(jia)工、運輸、批(pi)發、零(ling)售等(deng)領域對(dui)社會開放,糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行業組織(zhi)應當(dang)加(jia)強行業自律(lv)和(he)服務(wu),維護糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)場秩序,這在一定(ding)意(yi)(yi)義上起到了糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)綜合(he)性(xing)保障(zhang)作用。《糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》作為保障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)綜合(he)性(xing)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),如(ru)獲(huo)通(tong)(tong)過,將是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)在糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)化進程上邁(mai)出(chu)的(de)重大一步,也是(shi)完善糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)保障(zhang)體系、進一步保障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)新契機。

3.2建立長期保障糧農利益的法律(lv)和政策(ce)體系

(1)完善(shan)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積決定(ding)了一國(guo)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力。近幾年來(lai),隨著(zhu)我國(guo)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)化和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化進程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)快,越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城郊耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被城市(shi)(shi)(shi)化浪潮淹沒,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。大量征(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),無節制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蠶食(shi)(shi)(shi)不可再生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源,不僅將(jiang)嚴重(zhong)影響城市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可持續發(fa)展(zhan),最終(zhong)也將(jiang)威脅我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全。因此在城市(shi)(shi)(shi)化進程中要(yao)采取有(you)(you)力措施,保(bao)護(hu)好耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。從(cong)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)《土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)管理(li)法(fa)》出發(fa),首(shou)先(xian)(xian)應當(dang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)府供地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總量,嚴禁任何單位和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)違法(fa)使用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)進行(xing)(xing)商品(pin)房(fang)開發(fa),嚴禁違法(fa)下放土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)審(shen)批權(quan),進一步(bu)完善(shan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)儲(chu)備制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),增(zeng)強(qiang)政(zheng)(zheng)府對土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)控(kong)能力;其次應當(dang)明確土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)權(quan),改革(ge)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)征(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)(yong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),《土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)管理(li)法(fa)》第(di)10條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding):“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)依法(fa)屬于村(cun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)所有(you)(you),由村(cun)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟組織或者村(cun)民(min)(min)委(wei)員會(hui)經(jing)營、管理(li)……”由于“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”是一個虛幻(huan)概念,在實際工(gong)(gong)作中土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)往往變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟組織或鄉(鎮)政(zheng)(zheng)府[3],從(cong)而使地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)府在征(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)(yong)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候鉆了法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏洞,導致土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合法(fa)化。要(yao)改變(bian)這種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang),建(jian)議(yi)在法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)條(tiao)文中明確規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所有(you)(you)權(quan)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)受益(yi)(yi)人(ren),同(tong)時把現(xian)行(xing)(xing)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)征(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)購買(mai)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。(2)完善(shan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。國(guo)際農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)律(lv)(lv)(lv)表明,在進入(ru)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化中期階(jie)段以后,糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全與(yu)增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)問題是需要(yao)協調(diao)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)問題[4]。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)在穩定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)刺(ci)激農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)、增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)利益(yi)(yi)方面具有(you)(you)促進作用(yong)(yong)。要(yao)確保(bao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現(xian),就必須(xu)完善(shan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):首(shou)先(xian)(xian),應當(dang)穩定(ding)目前以綜合性(xing)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)、專(zhuan)項補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)和(he)(he)(he)最低收(shou)(shou)購價政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi),使糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)兼顧農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)供給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)要(yao)求;其次,逐步(bu)建(jian)立綜合性(xing)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯動(dong)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),根據國(guo)家財力增(zeng)加(jia)綜合性(xing)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金規(gui)(gui)(gui)模,逐漸把補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)標(biao)準與(yu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價格(ge)變(bian)化聯系(xi)起來(lai),提高(gao)補(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)標(biao)準,縮小糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)與(yu)其他產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)勞動(dong)者之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)差距。(3)發(fa)展(zhan)社會(hui)化服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu),加(jia)強(qiang)宏觀調(diao)控(kong),優化糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)流通(tong)環境(jing)。要(yao)保(bao)證糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)增(zeng)長,政(zheng)(zheng)府必須(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)排(pai)憂解難(nan),提供社會(hui)化服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)以提高(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效率和(he)(he)(he)效益(yi)(yi),包(bao)括及時提供可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)信息(xi),提供農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)、科技服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)、收(shou)(shou)購和(he)(he)(he)銷售服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)以及加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、儲(chu)運服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)。同(tong)時政(zheng)(zheng)府應當(dang)加(jia)強(qiang)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監管,加(jia)強(qiang)宏觀調(diao)控(kong),杜(du)絕各(ge)種(zhong)亂漲(zhang)價、亂收(shou)(shou)費(fei)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)種(zhong)子(zi)等(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過度(du)上漲(zhang),以優化糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)流通(tong)環境(jing)。

3.3加大農(nong)業生產資金(jin)投(tou)入(ru)以(yi)促進農(nong)業產業升(sheng)級(ji)轉型

長期以來(lai),我(wo)(wo)國糧食生產(chan)方(fang)式限于農戶單戶個體運作模式,農業(ye)生產(chan)科技(ji)(ji)含量低,抗(kang)風險(xian)能力較差(cha),且無法(fa)實(shi)現規模效應。這(zhe)(zhe)一長期歷史現實(shi)導致我(wo)(wo)國糧食生產(chan)能力一直(zhi)未能達到完(wan)全(quan)滿(man)足我(wo)(wo)國糧食供求關系的(de)(de)狀態。因此在我(wo)(wo)國耕地面積有限、氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)多變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,要改變(bian)(bian)這(zhe)(zhe)種狀況(kuang)、提高(gao)糧食生產(chan)能力,只有從提高(gao)農業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)水平(ping)入手(shou),通過加大農業(ye)生產(chan)資金的(de)(de)投入來(lai)發(fa)展高(gao)科技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)現代化(hua)農業(ye),促進農業(ye)粗放式經營向(xiang)集約式經營的(de)(de)轉變(bian)(bian)。

3.4健全糧食市場供(gong)銷(xiao)體系(xi)

(1)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)有(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)革,發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮國(guo)有(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場主(zhu)渠道的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。中國(guo)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)有(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)是為適應(ying)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)集中的(de)(de)(de)(de)統購(gou)統銷體(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃經(jing)濟而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de),其主(zhu)要缺陷在(zai)于:企業(ye)(ye)(ye)行政機(ji)(ji)構化(hua)(hua);產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)封閉化(hua)(hua);組(zu)織形(xing)式非法(fa)人化(hua)(hua);外部管(guan)理(li)非法(fa)制(zhi)化(hua)(hua);收入分配(pei)(pei)平(ping)(ping)均化(hua)(hua)[5]。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye),應(ying)當從推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)購(gou)銷市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)(hua)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)立現(xian)代企業(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)度(du)(du)著手。(2)鼓(gu)勵各種經(jing)濟成分的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入市(shi)(shi)場參(can)與平(ping)(ping)等(deng)交易。無(wu)論是從資本量、社會關系或是市(shi)(shi)場運作能力上看,個體(ti)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)商、私營企業(ye)(ye)(ye)與大(da)(da)型國(guo)有(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)都(dou)存在(zai)很大(da)(da)差距,在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場競爭中處于弱(ruo)勢地位,因(yin)此政府應(ying)當在(zai)政策上對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)參(can)與者加以傾斜,以保障弱(ruo)勢企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。(3)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域性(xing)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。現(xian)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)缺乏市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi),制(zhi)約了糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。改(gai)善糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)條(tiao)件,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)應(ying)從以下(xia)兩個方(fang)面(mian)著手:①推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域性(xing)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,通(tong)過(guo)對現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)倉儲、加工、批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)信(xin)息(xi)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)整合和(he)(he)重組(zu),加快(kuai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域性(xing)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)中心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。在(zai)各大(da)(da)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)主(zhu)銷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)間形(xing)成從中心(xin)(xin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場、批發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)市(shi)(shi)場、集貿市(shi)(shi)場到連鎖店的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)體(ti)系,物(wu)流(liu)(liu)中心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成將大(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)提(ti)升主(zhu)銷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)層次和(he)(he)資源配(pei)(pei)置效率。②提(ti)高(gao)(gao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術水(shui)平(ping)(ping),加大(da)(da)對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)前沿(yan)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力度(du)(du),注(zhu)重引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)技術以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)我國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)技術水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。同(tong)時加強糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎設施建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,以更好地應(ying)對可能出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)由災害導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)減產(chan)等(deng)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安全問(wen)題(ti)。

4結語

糧食安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題作為事關(guan)我(wo)國經濟(ji)(ji)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎性問(wen)題,圍繞其(qi)進行(xing)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)制化和(he)政策(ce)性努(nu)力實屬必(bi)要(yao),不僅是保(bao)證我(wo)國社會(hui)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,也(ye)(ye)是我(wo)國市(shi)場經濟(ji)(ji)體系(xi)良好(hao)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)和(he)政策(ce)保(bao)障(zhang)。而探討(tao)以規(gui)范(fan)市(shi)場運作體系(xi)、克服(fu)市(shi)場失(shi)靈(ling)為主要(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)對糧食市(shi)場運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)制,在糧食生(sheng)產流(liu)通全(quan)(quan)面(mian)市(shi)場化的(de)(de)(de)(de)今(jin)天(tian),也(ye)(ye)是糧食安(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)律(lv)保(bao)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個新(xin)思考方向和(he)新(xin)趨勢(shi)。

參考文獻

[1]茅于軾,趙農.中國(guo)糧食安全靠什么———計劃(hua)還是市場[M].北(bei)京:知識產權出版社,2011.

[2]王耀鵬(peng).中(zhong)國糧食流(liu)通財稅金融支(zhi)持政策(ce)研究[M].北京:經濟管(guan)理出(chu)版社(she),2012.

[3]肖順武(wu).論(lun)耕地保護法律制度之完善———基于糧食安全視角的(de)解析[J].西南政法大學學報,2006(4):59-64.

[4]姜(jiang)長云.關于我國糧食安全(quan)的(de)若(ruo)干思考[J].農業經濟問題(ti),2005(2):44-48.

篇9

【關鍵詞】: 糧食價格問題解(jie)決策略

改革開放(fang)以來,我國的(de)糧(liang)食價格(ge)形成(cheng)機制(zhi)(zhi)和調控辦(ban)法雖然有了較大的(de)改進,但由于受思想觀(guan)念、體制(zhi)(zhi)、環境和糧(liang)食供(gong)求(qiu)關(guan)系變化等因(yin)素(su)的(de)影響,至今(jin)尚(shang)未完全實行(xing)市場調節,還存在著許多問(wen)題和缺陷(xian)值得研(yan)究(jiu)。

一、我國糧食價格存在的問題:

(1)思想(xiang)觀(guan)念落后,制(zhi)(zhi)約了糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價格(ge)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)。我國糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)是進入(ru)計劃經濟(ji)最早,退出最慢(man)的(de)(de)(de)產品,許多糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)工作者和(he)經濟(ji)學家都不(bu)敢輕言中國糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)供(gong)給多了。在社會主義市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟(ji)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)今天,由(you)(you)于市(shi)場(chang)(chang)政(zheng)企不(bu)分(fen),機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)活,糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)產品難以成為自(zi)主經營、自(zi)負盈虧的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti),不(bu)能(neng)完全(quan)(quan)按市(shi)場(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)運行。有(you)相當一部(bu)分(fen)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)部(bu)和(he)職工仍然固守糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)是“特殊商品”,價格(ge)應由(you)(you)國家統一管理(li),有(you)關部(bu)門和(he)決策者也遲遲不(bu)敢輕言全(quan)(quan)面(mian)放開糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價格(ge),怕影響糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)穩定。這些傳統的(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)觀(guan)念不(bu)破(po)除,思維(wei)不(bu)更新(xin),糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價格(ge)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)就難以深入(ru),適應社會主義市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟(ji)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)我國國情的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價格(ge)形成機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)調控辦法(fa)就難以生成。

(2)糧食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)價(jia)格波(bo)動(dong)較大(da),宏觀(guan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)仍需進(jin)一步(bu)改進(jin)。20世紀(ji)90年(nian)代,我(wo)國(guo)雖然(ran)(ran)逐步(bu)建立(li)起糧食(shi)(shi)儲備(bei)(bei)體系和(he)(he)(he)糧食(shi)(shi)風(feng)險基金,逐步(bu)用(yong)經(jing)濟手段(duan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)糧食(shi)(shi)價(jia)格和(he)(he)(he)市(shi)場,但是。由近年(nian)來(lai)的(de)(de)實踐看,仍然(ran)(ran)存有一定的(de)(de)計(ji)劃經(jing)濟問題。首(shou)先在(zai)(zai)(zai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)手段(duan)上,行政(zheng)命令(ling)運用(yong)的(de)(de)多,經(jing)濟方(fang)法(fa)運用(yong)的(de)(de)少(shao),調(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)時機和(he)(he)(he)效(xiao)果滯后(hou)。表現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)糧食(shi)(shi)供(gong)大(da)于求(qiu)的(de)(de)情況下(xia),缺乏(fa)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)(he)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)控(kong)手段(duan),價(jia)格長期在(zai)(zai)(zai)低位徘徊,造成了(le)不(bu)(bu)必要的(de)(de)損失和(he)(he)(he)浪費。其次是在(zai)(zai)(zai)儲備(bei)(bei)糧調(diao)(diao)(diao)節的(de)(de)操作(zuo)上,時效(xiao)性不(bu)(bu)強,沒(mei)能在(zai)(zai)(zai)該吐時及時吐,該吞(tun)(tun)時吞(tun)(tun)不(bu)(bu)進(jin)來(lai),效(xiao)率低下(xia)、成本較高。現(xian)有的(de)(de)國(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)儲備(bei)(bei)數量(liang)多,品質差,價(jia)格高,存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著明顯的(de)(de)質量(liang)隱患、財(cai)政(zheng)隱患和(he)(he)(he)價(jia)格隱患,管理(li)辦法(fa)也需要進(jin)一步(bu)探討。最后(hou)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)出(chu)口時機把(ba)握不(bu)(bu)準,國(guo)內(nei)供(gong)給趨緊時還(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)口,供(gong)不(bu)(bu)應求(qiu)矛盾(dun)突出(chu)現(xian)時進(jin)口不(bu)(bu)能及時到位形成逆向調(diao)(diao)(diao)節,加(jia)劇(ju)了(le)糧食(shi)(shi)價(jia)格波(bo)動(dong)幅度。

(3)價格(ge)機(ji)制的(de)作用由于(yu)客(ke)觀環境不理想(xiang)而受到限制。我(wo)國糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)市場(chang)(chang)起步晚,發育程度低,交(jiao)易(yi)不規(gui)范,多數交(jiao)易(yi)都在市場(chang)(chang)外(wai)通過一(yi)(yi)(yi)對一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)洽談進(jin)行(xing),缺(que)少必(bi)要的(de)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)法規(gui)。而良好(hao)的(de)價格(ge)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)制得益于(yu)完善的(de)市場(chang)(chang)體系和(he)充分(fen)競爭的(de)市場(chang)(chang)環境。目前,我(wo)國多元化的(de)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)市場(chang)(chang)主體還沒(mei)(mei)有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)戶的(de)小農生產規(gui)模(mo)小,經營(ying)分(fen)散,難以進(jin)入統一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)社會(hui)化大市場(chang)(chang)。另外(wai),國有糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)企業(ye)政(zheng)企不分(fen),機(ji)制缺(que)乏靈活,沒(mei)(mei)有成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)真正獨立的(de)市場(chang)(chang)主體,對供求關系變化缺(que)少必(bi)要的(de)反(fan)應,缺(que)乏一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)充分(fen)有效競爭的(de)市場(chang)(chang)環境來(lai)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)真實的(de)價格(ge)信號,引(yin)導糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產、流通和(he)消費。

(4)價(jia)(jia)格支持(chi)不(bu)夠規范(fan),補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)方(fang)(fang)式不(bu)盡(jin)合(he)理。加入(ru)WTO標(biao)志(zhi)著我(wo)國(guo)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)開放(fang)進入(ru)了一個新(xin)的階段,但也對(dui)(dui)我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)格形成提(ti)出(chu)了更高(gao)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),這(zhe)就是要(yao)(yao)遵循國(guo)際慣例,按WTO規則(ze)行事(shi)。而目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產的支持(chi)主要(yao)(yao)集中在(zai)流(liu)通(tong)領域,體現在(zai)價(jia)(jia)格支持(chi)上,不(bu)僅對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)收購價(jia)(jia)格進行補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie),還(huan)對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)出(chu)口價(jia)(jia)格進行補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie),這(zhe)是不(bu)符合(he)WTO規則(ze)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的,必須加以改正。另(ling)外(wai)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)方(fang)(fang)法也不(bu)盡(jin)合(he)理,國(guo)家把對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)的補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)直(zhi)接補(bu)(bu)給糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)企(qi)業,再(zai)通(tong)過糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)企(qi)業間接補(bu)(bu)給農(nong)民,這(zhe)樣的方(fang)(fang)式中間環(huan)節多,損失大,效率(lv)低,能補(bu)(bu)到(dao)農(nong)民手中的只是一部分,而且也不(bu)利于國(guo)有糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)企(qi)業走向市場,自主經(jing)營(ying)。

(5)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)期(qi)貨(huo)沒有(you)得到充(chong)分發展,價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)構成(cheng)(cheng)欠(qian)缺(que)(que)。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)期(qi)貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在期(qi)貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)上集中競價(jia)(jia)(jia)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),能(neng)夠反映(ying)未來一定時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)供(gong)求(qiu)關系和價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)動趨勢,具有(you)權威性和前瞻性,有(you)助于彌補(bu)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)現貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)。而(er)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)只能(neng)反映(ying)即期(qi)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)供(gong)求(qiu)關系和價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)動趨勢,只有(you)將兩者有(you)機結合,才能(neng)形成(cheng)(cheng)完善的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)機制,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)現代糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)不可(ke)缺(que)(que)少的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分。但是(shi)(shi)(shi),目(mu)前國家(jia)對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)期(qi)貨(huo)交易管(guan)理過于死板,限(xian)制過多(duo),主(zhu)要糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)品種都己退出期(qi)貨(huo)交易,缺(que)(que)少高層次的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)來引(yin)導糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產、流通(tong)和消費。多(duo)年來,由于期(qi)貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)欠(qian)缺(que)(que),我國對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)宏觀調(diao)(diao)控(kong)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)根據(ju)現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)信息來進行的(de)(de)(de),而(er)現貨(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)不能(neng)反映(ying)未來的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)供(gong)求(qiu)關系及(ji)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)動趨勢,不可(ke)避免地(di)造成(cheng)(cheng)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)時間(jian)滯后,調(diao)(diao)控(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)本增高。

(6)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)高,削弱了糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價格(ge)(ge)競爭力(li)。成(cheng)本(ben)是(shi)價格(ge)(ge)的基(ji)礎,價格(ge)(ge)是(shi)影響(xiang)商品競爭力(li)最主要(yao)因素(su)(su)之一(yi)。在我(wo)國(guo),由于過去(qu)長期(qi)重生(sheng)產,輕(qing)流(liu)(liu)通(tong),導致糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)基(ji)礎設施建設落(luo)后,欠帳較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主產區東北,大部(bu)分(fen)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還在露(lu)天(tian)用(yong)席、穴囤儲存,倉儲機械化、自動化程度低(di),糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運輸基(ji)本(ben)上還是(shi)包(bao)裝作(zuo)業(ye),損失浪費(fei)大;糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交易環節多(duo)(duo),手段落(luo)后,獲取市場信息成(cheng)本(ben)高,國(guo)有糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)人員多(duo)(duo),效(xiao)率(lv)差(cha),這(zhe)些因素(su)(su)都使我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經營費(fei)用(yong)居高不下,一(yi)般(ban)高于發(fa)達國(guo)家一(yi)倍左(zuo)右,造成(cheng)我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總成(cheng)本(ben)上升(sheng),價格(ge)(ge)提高,競爭能力(li)削弱。

二、解決策略:

(1)迅速(su)轉變觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian),樹立(li)市(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟意(yi)識(shi)。觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)更新(xin)(xin)是搞好(hao)糧(liang)(liang)食價(jia)(jia)格(ge)改革的(de)前提,要(yao)建(jian)立(li)與社會(hui)主義市(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟體制(zhi)相適應的(de)糧(liang)(liang)食價(jia)(jia)格(ge)形(xing)成(cheng)機制(zhi)和調控辦法,就必須消除長(chang)期以(yi)來(lai)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)計劃經(jing)濟意(yi)識(shi),打破糧(liang)(liang)食是“特殊商品”,價(jia)(jia)格(ge)不(bu)(bu)能完(wan)全由市(shi)(shi)場調節等傳統觀(guan)念(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)束(shu)縛,解放思想,與時俱進,樹立(li)商品經(jing)濟意(yi)識(shi)、市(shi)(shi)場意(yi)識(shi)、競爭意(yi)識(shi)、在實踐中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)斷深化對(dui)社會(hui)主義市(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟和價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)規律作用(yong)(yong)的(de)認(ren)識(shi),提高運用(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)機制(zhi)的(de)能力(li),以(yi)新(xin)(xin)的(de)理念(nian)(nian)(nian),新(xin)(xin)的(de)思維,積(ji)極(ji)探索我國糧(liang)(liang)食價(jia)(jia)格(ge)形(xing)成(cheng)和調控的(de)新(xin)(xin)方法,促進我國糧(liang)(liang)食生(sheng)產和流(liu)通向更好(hao)的(de)方向發(fa)展。

(2)放開(kai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)收購(gou)價(jia)格(ge),建(jian)立以市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)形成機(ji)(ji)制。在正常情況下(xia),糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依靠充分的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)來形成,隨供求變化而圍繞(rao)價(jia)值上(shang)下(xia)波動。我們要(yao)(yao)從社會主(zhu)義(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經濟體制的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求出發,在全(quan)國糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)產區(qu)全(quan)面實施對農民直補的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),進一步加快糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)流通(tong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化改革進程,全(quan)面放開(kai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)收購(gou)價(jia)格(ge)和(he)(he)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),建(jian)立起國家宏觀調(diao)控指導下(xia)的(de)(de)以市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)形成糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)新機(ji)(ji)制,同時要(yao)(yao)積極探索和(he)(he)推廣經紀人、競(jing)價(jia)拍賣(mai)、連鎖經營、網(wang)上(shang)交易(yi)、電子商務(wu)等現代化的(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)流通(tong)方式和(he)(he)手段,降低(di)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)交易(yi)費用(yong),提高糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)能力。

(3)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing),保障價格機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)效(xiao)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。在市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟條(tiao)件下,創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)公平競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing),維護良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)秩序是(shi)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟職能,也是(shi)價值規(gui)律充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提。首先要(yao)進(jin)一步加強糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建設,搞好(hao)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)管理,規(gui)范糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)秩序,建立統一開放、競爭(zheng)有(you)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系,為糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價格形成(cheng)和運(yun)(yun)行(xing)提供良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)載體(ti);其次要(yao)培育多元(yuan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti),深(shen)化(hua)國(guo)有(you)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)改革,實行(xing)政企分(fen)開,把國(guo)有(you)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)真正推向市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),使之成(cheng)為自(zi)主(zhu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營、自(zi)負盈虧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti),發(fa)展市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中介(jie)組織和農民(min)合作組織作用(yong)(yong),推進(jin)產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營,把億萬農戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)小生產同統一社會(hui)化(hua)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)流通大(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)連接起(qi)來(lai),形成(cheng)一個充(chong)分(fen)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing);再次要(yao)打破(po)以行(xing)政區劃(hua)來(lai)界定市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)疆界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法,促(cu)進(jin)全國(guo)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)大(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)形成(cheng),給市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui);最后(hou)要(yao)科學地制(zhi)(zhi)定市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)規(gui)則,完善糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)法規(gui),創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)一個公平競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing),促(cu)使市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)效(xiao)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。

(4)發(fa)展(zhan)期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)交(jiao)易,不(bu)斷完善糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)構成。國家要在適時推出糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)現貨(huo)(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,輻(fu)射面廣的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)品(pin)種(zhong)上市(shi)(shi),充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)交(jiao)易發(fa)現未來價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)和回(hui)避風險的(de)(de)(de)高層次市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)功能,形成市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)零售價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)、現貨(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)和期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)完整糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)體系,引(yin)導糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產者(zhe)根據(ju)期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)信息,合(he)理(li)調整種(zhong)植(zhi)結構,生產適銷對(dui)(dui)路的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)種(zhong);糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)經(jing)營者(zhe)和消費者(zhe)根據(ju)期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)制定營銷計(ji)劃(hua),利用期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)交(jiao)易進(jin)行(xing)(xing)套期(qi)保值(zhi),規避風險;國家參考期(qi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)宏觀(guan)調控,增強(qiang)調控的(de)(de)(de)時效性,使價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機制的(de)(de)(de)作用得到充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)。

(5)加強流通基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設,降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)糧(liang)(liang)食價(jia)(jia)格。要多渠道籌措資金,加快(kuai)糧(liang)(liang)食倉儲(chu)設施(shi)改(gai)造,盡快(kuai)消除席穴(xue)囤儲(chu)糧(liang)(liang);大(da)力推(tui)廣和(he)(he)應用(yong)先進保糧(liang)(liang)技(ji)術和(he)(he)倉儲(chu)機械,建(jian)立高效配套(tao)的(de)現代糧(liang)(liang)食物流體系,降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)糧(liang)(liang)食保管費(fei)用(yong)和(he)(he)運(yun)輸成本。要積極(ji)探(tan)索(suo)和(he)(he)推(tui)廣經(jing)紀(ji)人、競價(jia)(jia)拍賣、連(lian)鎖經(jing)營、網(wang)上交(jiao)易(yi)、電子商務等(deng)現代化的(de)糧(liang)(liang)食流通方式和(he)(he)手段(duan),降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)糧(liang)(liang)食交(jiao)易(yi)費(fei)用(yong),提(ti)高糧(liang)(liang)食價(jia)(jia)格競爭能力。

(6)保持和提(ti)高糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力(li),穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)格。充(chong)足的(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)資源是穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)格的(de)(de)基礎,絕不能因暫(zan)時(shi)的(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)過剩就盲目樂觀,還必(bi)須看到今后我國糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)嚴峻形勢(shi),居安思(si)危,要(yao)積極采取(qu)各種措施發展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),增加農(nong)業(ye)投(tou)資,加強農(nong)田水利基本建(jian)設,提(ti)高農(nong)業(ye)物質裝備水平和技(ji)術水平,大(da)力(li)推廣應用先(xian)進的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術和科技(ji)成果,改(gai)善農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)條件和生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing),不斷提(ti)高糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力(li),促進糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)持續穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

(7)建(jian)立糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)和(he)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)系統(tong)(tong),保證(zheng)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)運行安(an)全(quan)(quan)。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)購銷和(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)全(quan)(quan)面放開后(hou),為(wei)(wei)了(le)充分發揮糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)引導與調節作(zuo)用,防(fang)止糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)大(da)起(qi)大(da)落,國家要(yao)(yao)利用現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)手(shou)段(duan),建(jian)立糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)和(he)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)預(yu)(yu)警(jing)系統(tong)(tong)。糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)應以國家糧(liang)(liang)(liang)油(you)(you)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)為(wei)(wei)核心(xin),以各省糧(liang)(liang)(liang)油(you)(you)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)期貨市(shi)場(chang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)批發市(shi)場(chang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)為(wei)(wei)骨(gu)干,以市(shi)縣糧(liang)(liang)(liang)油(you)(you)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)網(wang)點和(he)農業信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)網(wang)點為(wei)(wei)基礎,廣泛(fan)收(shou)集、整理、傳遞國內(nei)外市(shi)場(chang)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)油(you)(you)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)動態(tai)(tai)(tai),形成覆蓋全(quan)(quan)國城鄉的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)網(wang)絡(luo),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時為(wei)(wei)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)者、經營者、消(xiao)費(fei)者提(ti)供(gong)國內(nei)外糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)行情(qing)和(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)走(zou)勢等信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),更好地發揮糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)、流通、消(xiao)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)引導作(zuo)用和(he)供(gong)求關系的(de)(de)(de)調節作(zuo)用。監(jian)測(ce)(ce)系統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括監(jian)測(ce)(ce)和(he)應急(ji)兩個(ge)子(zi)系統(tong)(tong)。監(jian)測(ce)(ce)子(zi)系統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)跟蹤監(jian)測(ce)(ce)、收(shou)集國內(nei)外的(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)量、需求量、庫存、進出(chu)口量、市(shi)場(chang)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)及(ji)(ji)(ji)指數等動態(tai)(tai)(tai),并進行分析、預(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce),出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)異常苗(miao)頭及(ji)(ji)(ji)時發出(chu)警(jing)訊,應急(ji)子(zi)系統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)對糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)不(bu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)界定及(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)對應的(de)(de)(de)處理措(cuo)施(shi),大(da)體(ti)可分為(wei)(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)、警(jing)戒(jie)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)、緊張(zhang)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)、緊急(ji)狀態(tai)(tai)(tai)。當出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)不(bu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)警(jing)訊時,確定預(yu)(yu)警(jing)級別,啟(qi)動系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應程(cheng)序(xu),提(ti)出(chu)處理辦法,為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)府宏觀調控提(ti)供(gong)依據。

總之(zhi),當前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)正處于改革(ge)的(de)(de)關鍵時期(qi),面對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)市(shi)場化、國(guo)際(ji)化的(de)(de)新形(xing)勢,我(wo)們(men)要以(yi)新的(de)(de)思維,新的(de)(de)觀念,認真研究和(he)(he)探(tan)索中國(guo)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge),完善糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)格(ge)形(xing)成機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)調控辦法,讓價(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)在市(shi)場經(jing)濟體制(zhi)下(xia)更(geng)好(hao)地發揮對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)供求平衡的(de)(de)調節作用(yong)和(he)(he)對(dui)(dui)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)生產、流通和(he)(he)消(xiao)費的(de)(de)引導作用(yong)。

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