導(dao)語(yu)：如何才能寫好一篇(pian)九年級物(wu)理(li)，這就需(xu)要搜集整理(li)更多的(de)資料(liao)和文獻，歡(huan)迎(ying)閱讀(du)由公務(wu)員之(zhi)家整理(li)的(de)十篇(pian)范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

一、指導思想

以學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)和年級組(zu)工作(zuo)計劃為指導，以全面提高(gao)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)質量為宗旨，面向全體學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)，關注每一個學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)全面發展(zhan)，激發他們(men)(men)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習的(de)熱情(qing)和愛好，幫助他們(men)(men)建(jian)立良(liang)好的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習成就感和自信心，培養他們(men)(men)邏輯思維能力、運算能力。

二、學生基本情況分析

本學期九年級五個班級，通過上學期期末成績和上課情況來看，每班學生成績參差不齊，尖子生少，學困生較多，上課時，學生的學習積極性不高，不夠靈活，這就需要教師在教法和學生的學習方法上作進一步改進，讓學生成為學習的主人，進行探究性的學習，從而培養學生的學習興趣，啟發思維，提高學習的積極性，培養良好的學習習慣及分析問題，解決問題的能力。另外大部分同學初二物理知識掌握的(de)不好，九年級要來一(yi)個總復習(xi)，內容繁多，時間(jian)又很緊(jin)，對他們來說有一(yi)定的(de)難度(du)。

三、教材分析

現行(xing)物(wu)理教(jiao)材有以下特點：

1、教材(cai)難度(du)明顯降低

教材(cai)(cai)對有(you)些知(zhi)識(shi)的處埋(mai)，只要求“知(zhi)其然”，不需非要“知(zhi)其所以然”;計算題明顯(xian)減(jian)少，難度也有(you)所降低;使教材(cai)(cai)更加貼近素質教育的需要，知(zhi)識(shi)體(ti)系趨于完整。學(xue)生的學(xue)習負擔減(jian)輕(qing)了，知(zhi)識(shi)面(mian)卻有(you)所拓(tuo)寬。

2、加(jia)強(qiang)了物理實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)教學(xue)作用。現行大綱(gang)要(yao)求初(chu)中(zhong)物理教學(xue)要(yao)以觀(guan)察、實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)為(wei)基礎，教材中(zhong)的(de)(de)各類實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)性習(xi)題明(ming)顯增(zeng)多，感性認(ren)識的(de)(de)積累有助于(yu)抽象邏輯思維能力(li)的(de)(de)培養，有助于(yu)學(xue)生養成尊重事實(shi)(shi)(shi)、勤于(yu)動手和(he)按(an)科學(xue)辦(ban)事的(de)(de)良好習(xi)慣。

四、詳細措施

1、堅持提前一周備課，備寫(xie)切實可行(xing)的教案。

2、堅(jian)持同科(ke)備課(ke)，加強(qiang)各教(jiao)師(shi)間的聯系(xi)，互相(xiang)取(qu)長補短。

3、加強教法研究和(he)發揮(hui)，提供效率，深(shen)挖(wa)潛力。

4、教學中應做到(dao)(dao)由淺入深，由易到(dao)(dao)難(nan)，循序漸進，點(dian)面結合(he)，逐步(bu)擴展(zhan)，不斷重復記(ji)憶，加深印(yin)象。

5、強(qiang)化(hua)月考，關注教學成(cheng)果。

6、加強試題收集與研究，了解并把握中(zhong)(zhong)考(kao)試題和中(zhong)(zhong)考(kao)命(ming)題的趨勢。

五、學期工作目標

通過本期(qi)教學(xue),使(shi)學(xue)生形(xing)成(cheng)一定的(de)物理(li)(li)素質(zhi),能自覺(jue)運(yun)用物理(li)(li)知識解決生活中的(de)物理(li)(li)問題,形(xing)成(cheng)扎實的(de)物理(li)(li)基本功,為今后繼續學(xue)習高等(deng)物理(li)(li)打下良好的(de)基礎.培(pei)養一批物理(li)(li)尖(jian)子,能掌握科(ke)學(xue)的(de)學(xue)習方法.不及格人數減(jian)少.形(xing)成(cheng)良好學(xue)風.形(xing)成(cheng)良好的(de)物理(li)(li)學(xue)習習慣.形(xing)成(cheng)融洽的(de)師生關系.使(shi)學(xue)生在德,智,體各方面全面發展(zhan).

六. 今后努(nu)力方向(xiang)

篇2

九年(nian)級的期末考試題(ti)包括了(le)歐姆定律和電動率(lv)的知(zhi)識點(dian)，現將(jiang)試題(ti)和答(da)案一下。下面給大(da)家分享一些(xie)關于(yu)九年(nian)級物理試題(ti)，希望對大(da)家有所幫助。

一、填空(kong)題(共20分(fen),每(mei)空(kong)1分(fen))

1.2020年5月21日,是聯合國(guo)確(que)定的(de)首個“國(guo)際(ji)荼日”。

茶(cha)是我國的傳統飲品(pin),泡茶(cha)時能聞到(dao)濃濃茶(cha)香,這是一(yi)種 現(xian)象(xiang),用(yong)開水泡茶(cha),茶(cha)香更濃,說明(ming)這種現(xian)象(xiang)的劇烈程度與 有(you)關。

2.汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)是我們常用的交(jiao)通工具,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)發動機工作時為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)提供動力的是

沖程(cheng);一臺單缸四沖程(cheng)汽(qi)(qi)油機,飛輪的轉速為1800r/min,該汽(qi)(qi)油機每秒(miao)鐘做功 次。

3.航天器一(yi)般用液態(tai)(tai)氫(qing)而不用煤(mei)油作為(wei)燃料,是(shi)因為(wei)液態(tai)(tai)氫(qing)具有較大的

,完全燃燒相(xiang)同質量的(de)液態氫放出的(de)熱(re)量 (選(xuan)填“大于(yu)”“小(xiao)于(yu)”或“等于(yu)”)煤(mei)油放出的(de)熱(re)量。

4.日常(chang)學習中,我們經常(chang)會用到(dao)膠水,膠水能將(jiang)紙張牢牢粘在一起(qi),說明(ming)分子間存在相互作用的

力;在(zai)(zai)注(zhu)射器中注(zhu)入(ru)水(shui),排出(chu)筒內空氣,堵住小(xiao)孔(kong),用力推(tui)注(zhu)射器活塞卻很難(nan)推(tui)動,說(shuo)明分子間(jian)存在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)互作用的 力。

5.南昌市贛江新區于2019年12月實現(xian)整體(ti)集中(zhong)供暖(nuan)(nuan),該區供暖(nuan)(nuan)有了新方法:利用(yong)石墨烯電熱涂料供暖(nuan)(nuan),涂料通電發熱后(hou),通過

(選填“做功”或“熱傳(chuan)遞”)的方式改變房(fang)間(jian)內空(kong)氣的內能。而我國北方地區供暖(nuan)常采用(yong)的介(jie)質為水,這是利用(yong)水的 大。

6.同(tong)種(zhong)材料制(zhi)成的(de)(de)兩(liang)個金屬小球(qiu)(qiu),甲球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)質量是(shi)乙球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)質量的(de)(de)2倍,吸收相同(tong)的(de)(de)熱量后(未(wei)熔化(hua)),甲、乙兩(liang)球(qiu)(qiu)升高的(de)(de)溫度之(zhi)比為

，此時(shi)兩球的(de)比熱容(rong)之比為 。

7.汽車剎車過程中(zhong),因(yin)摩擦(ca)將機(ji)械能(neng)轉化為(wei)地面、輪胎和空氣的

能(neng)(neng),使(shi)汽車(che)的(de)速度(du)減小,直至停止(zhi);這些能(neng)(neng)量在轉化或轉移(yi)過(guo)程中,能(neng)(neng)量的(de)總量保(bao)持 。

8.小夢在學習完能量轉化知識后,設想了如圖所示的(de)方案(an),先(xian)利用水(shui)(shui)力發(fa)電(dian),然(ran)后再利用發(fa)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)驅動(dong)抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)機把水(shui)(shui)抽(chou)到(dao)蓄水(shui)(shui)池,這樣就(jiu)可(ke)以一直(zhi)循環(huan)下去(qu)。

你認為這個設計方案 (選(xuan)填“可行(xing)”或“不可行(xing)”),理由是 。

9.松開充足氣(qi)的氣(qi)球的口子,氣(qi)球向前飛去(qu)。

氣球飛(fei)出(chu)的過程中(zhong),其內(nei)部(bu)氣體的內(nei)能 (選填“增(zeng)大”減小”或“不變”);氣球落地后,撿起來觸摸感覺氣球口(kou)子(zi)處有(you)點(dian)涼,這(zhe)是通過 的方式(shi)改變了氣球口(kou)子(zi)的內(nei)能。

10.如(ru)圖甲所示為一臺四缸(gang)發動(dong)機(ji),工(gong)作時,內燃(ran)機(ji)通過連(lian)桿把四個汽(qi)(qi)缸(gang)的活塞連(lian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一根曲軸上,并使各汽(qi)(qi)缸(gang)的做(zuo)功過程錯開,在(zai)(zai)(zai)飛輪轉動(dong)的每(mei)半(ban)周里,都(dou)有(you)一個汽(qi)(qi)缸(gang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)做(zuo)功,其(qi)他(ta)三個汽(qi)(qi)缸(gang)分別在(zai)(zai)(zai)做(zuo)吸氣(qi)、壓(ya)縮和排(pai)氣(qi)工(gong)作。

乙圖為(wei)發動機在做(zuo)功(gong)沖(chong)程中的(de)(de)示(shi)意圖,在該沖(chong)程中,內能轉化為(wei) ,設(she)活塞的(de)(de)面積為(wei)S,沖(chong)程長為(wei)L,燃氣(qi)對活塞的(de)(de)壓強為(wei)p,推(tui)導發動機做(zuo)的(de)(de)功(gong)W= (用已給字母表示(shi))。

二、選擇(ze)題(ti)(ti)(共26分,把你認為正確(que)的答案序(xu)號填寫在題(ti)(ti)后的括號內。第(di)11~16小(xiao)題(ti)(ti),每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)題(ti)(ti)只(zhi)有(you)一個正確(que)選項,每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)題(ti)(ti)3分;第(di)17、18小(xiao)題(ti)(ti)為不(bu)定(ding)項選擇(ze),每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)題(ti)(ti)有(you)一個或幾個正確(que)選項,每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)題(ti)(ti)4分,全部(bu)選擇(ze)正確(que)得(de)(de)4分,不(bu)定(ding)項選擇(ze)正確(que)但(dan)不(bu)全得(de)(de)1分,不(bu)選、多(duo)選或錯選得(de)(de)0分)

11.下列對物體的(de)內能的(de)有關認識(shi)正確(que)的(de)是(

)

A.物體(ti)有(you)(you)機械(xie)能(neng)可(ke)能(neng)沒有(you)(you)內能(neng)

B.物體內能減少可能是物體對外(wai)做了(le)功

C.內能是物質內部所有分子做無(wu)規則運動的(de)動能的(de)總和

D.溫度高的物體(ti)一(yi)定比溫度低的物體(ti)內能大

12.如圖是四沖(chong)程(cheng)內燃(ran)機一個工作(zuo)循(xun)環各沖(chong)程(cheng)的(de)示意圖,按工作(zuo)的(de)先后順序(xu)排列正(zheng)確的(de)是(

)

A.甲、乙(yi)、丙、丁(ding)

B.乙(yi)、甲、丁、丙

C.甲(jia)、丁(ding)、乙、丙

D.丁、甲、乙、丙

13.如圖所(suo)示,向一端封(feng)閉的(de)玻璃管中(zhong)注入酒(jiu)精和水后,靜置(zhi)一段(duan)時(shi)間后,酒(jiu)精和水混(hun)合(he)了(le),觀察液面(mian)的(de)位置(zhi)會有所(suo)下降。

則下(xia)列判(pan)斷不正(zheng)確(que)的是( )

A.為了使實(shi)驗現象(xiang)更有(you)說服力,注入液(ye)體時先注入水(shui),后注入酒精

B.液面(mian)下降(jiang)說明分子間有(you)間隙(xi)

C.酒精(jing)和水混合了,說明分子(zi)在不停地做無規(gui)則運動

D.該(gai)實驗在冰(bing)箱中進(jin)行會更快(kuai)混(hun)合(he)

14.如(ru)圖所(suo)示的是做某固體熔化實(shi)驗時(shi)繪制的溫(wen)度一時(shi)間圖像(xiang)(xiang)(酒精燈的火焰大小不變),由圖像(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)知(

)

A.t1時刻(ke)物體內能(neng)為零

B.t2、t3時刻(ke)物體內(nei)能相(xiang)等(deng)

C.該固體熔化后的比(bi)熱容比(bi)熔化前的比(bi)熱容大

D.t1時(shi)刻物體分子動(dong)能(neng)比(bi)t2時(shi)大(da)

15.甲、乙(yi)兩種燃料(liao)完全(quan)燃燒放出的熱量與其質(zhi)量關系的圖像如圖所示,下列分析(xi)正確的是(shi)(

)

A.甲燃(ran)料(liao)的熱值(zhi)小于乙(yi)燃(ran)料(liao)的熱值(zhi)

B.使用(yong)甲燃料的熱機做的有用(yong)功一定更多

C.完全燃(ran)燒(shao)相同(tong)質量(liang)的兩種燃(ran)料,甲放出的熱量(liang)多

D.使用甲燃料(liao)的(de)熱機(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)一定高,但是(shi)熱機(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)肯定小于100%

16.利用如圖(tu)所示的裝(zhuang)置,為了便于比(bi)較酒精和(he)碎紙片的熱(re)值,下列做法不(bu)正(zheng)確的是(

)

A.控制加(jia)熱時間相(xiang)同

B.酒(jiu)精和(he)碎紙片的質(zhi)量(liang)相同

C.兩只燒杯內液(ye)體的種類相同(tong)

D.兩只燒(shao)杯(bei)內液體的質量相同

17.下面是(shi)一些物質的比熱容[單位:J/(kg·℃)],根據表中信息,下列判斷正確(que)的是(shi)(

)

A.相同陽光(guang)照射下(xia),等(deng)質量的(de)干泥土(tu)(tu)比濕(shi)泥土(tu)(tu)升溫快

B.質量相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)銅和鋁,吸(xi)收相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)熱(re)量后,銅升高的(de)溫度多

C.比(bi)熱容是物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)一(yi)種屬性,與(yu)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)狀(zhuang)態無關

D.水的比熱容比砂石的大(da),所以沿海地區(qu)晝夜溫差比內陸小

18.關于熱(re)機效(xiao)率,下列說法正確(que)的是(

)

A.因為(wei)能量(liang)是守恒的,所(suo)以熱機的效(xiao)率可以達(da)到100%

B.盡量讓燃(ran)料燃(ran)燒充分可以提高熱機的(de)效率(lv)

C.效率越高的熱機功率越大

D.熱(re)機效率越(yue)高,它將(jiang)內能轉化為機械能的比例(li)越(yue)大(da)

三、簡答與(yu)計算題(ti)(第(di)19小(xiao)題(ti)5分(fen)(fen)(fen),第(di)20小(xiao)題(ti)6分(fen)(fen)(fen),第(di)21小(xiao)題(ti)7分(fen)(fen)(fen),第(di)22小(xiao)題(ti)8分(fen)(fen)(fen),共26分(fen)(fen)(fen))

19.如圖所(suo)示,磨(mo)(mo)刀(dao)(dao)師傅磨(mo)(mo)菜(cai)(cai)刀(dao)(dao)時,手(shou)拿菜(cai)(cai)刀(dao)(dao)用力反復摩擦(ca)磨(mo)(mo)石,使菜(cai)(cai)刀(dao)(dao)刀(dao)(dao)刃變薄。

磨刀(dao)時,于接觸刀(dao)刃(ren)感覺(jue)有點“燙手(shou)”,有經驗(yan)的磨刀(dao)師傅磨刀(dao)時灑一些(xie)水給(gei)菜刀(dao)降溫(wen)。請分析(xi)說明人(ren)感覺(jue)有點“燙手(shou)”的原因以及為什么用水降溫(wen)。

20.合理分類和(he)利用垃圾可以保護環境、變廢為寶。

在一定條件(jian)下,1t分類(lei)后的(de)垃圾能“榨”出140kg燃料油,若燃料油的(de)熱值(zhi)為4.0×107J/kg。

(1)1t垃圾“榨”出(chu)的燃(ran)料油完全燃(ran)燒能釋放多(duo)少(shao)熱量?

(2)在一個(ge)標準大氣壓下,這些熱量的30%被(bei)質量是5×103kg、初溫(wen)是30℃的水(shui)(shui)吸(xi)收(shou),則水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)能升高(gao)多少℃?[c水(shui)(shui)=4.2×103J/kg·℃)]

21.天然氣作為燃料其優(you)點有熱值高、污染小,小江同學家所(suo)在小區鋪設有天然氣管道。

某(mou)次小江同(tong)學用天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)灶(zao)(zao)燒水(shui),在水(shui)壺(hu)中(zhong)加入1kg的初溫為(wei)20℃的水(shui),水(shui)剛好燒開時關閉天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)灶(zao)(zao),從天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)表中(zhong)得到(dao)消(xiao)耗(hao)天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)0.012m3。[氣(qi)壓(ya)為(wei)一個標準大(da)氣(qi)壓(ya),水(shui)的比熱容為(wei)4.2×103J/(kg·℃),天(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)的熱值q=4×107J/m3]

(1)消耗(hao)掉的(de)天然(ran)氣(qi)完全燃燒放出(chu)的(de)熱量是多少(shao)?

(2)水(shui)壺中水(shui)吸收的熱量是多(duo)少?

(3)小江同學本次燒(shao)水過程中的(de)加熱效率是多少?

22.我(wo)國第二艘(sou)航空(kong)母(mu)艦下水(shui)儀(yi)式在中(zhong)國船舶重工(gong)集團公司大連(lian)船廠(chang)舉行。

該航母滿載(zai)(zai)時(shi)的(de)排水量達(da)6.4萬噸(dun),可搭載(zai)(zai)40架(jia)艦載(zai)(zai)機,每架(jia)艦載(zai)(zai)機的(de)質量約為20噸(dun)。航母的(de)動力(li)源是蒸(zheng)汽輪(lun)機,投入使用(yong)后的(de)最大功率可以達(da)到(dao)3×104kW。(海(hai)水密度取(qu)1.0×103kg/m3,g取(qu)10N/kg)

(1)該航(hang)母(mu)滿載(zai)時,受到的(de)浮力是多大?在(zai)某(mou)次(ci)訓練中(zhong),40架艦載(zai)機全部(bu)起飛后,航(hang)母(mu)浸在(zai)海水中(zhong)的(de)體積變化了多少m3?

(2)若航(hang)母以54km/h的(de)速度勻速直線航(hang)行,蒸(zheng)汽輪機的(de)功率(lv)為(wei)2.1×104kW,航(hang)母所受的(de)阻力(li)為(wei)多少N?

(3)在(2)中,若蒸(zheng)汽輪機(ji)的(de)效率(lv)為(wei)(wei)35%,航行30min,需要消(xiao)耗燃油多少(shao)kg?(燃油的(de)熱值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)4.0×107J/kg)

四、實(shi)驗與探究題(共28分(fen),每小題7分(fen))

23.親(qin)愛的同(tong)學們,請你應用所學知(zhi)識解答下列問(wen)題(ti):

(1)如圖甲(jia)為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)擴散的(de)(de)演示實(shi)驗(yan)(yan),兩個瓶(ping)中(zhong)分別裝有空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和紅棕色(se)二氧化(hua)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)其(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)密度小于二氧化(hua)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)密度。那么(me),為了增(zeng)加實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)可(ke)信度,下面瓶(ping)子(zi)里裝的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)應(ying)是(shi) ;一段時(shi)間后,發生的(de)(de)現象是(shi) 。

(2)如圖(tu)乙所(suo)示(shi),用(yong)酒精燈(deng)給水加(jia)熱一段時間后,觀察到軟(ruan)木塞沖出試管口。在這個過程中發生的能量轉化是 ， 就是根據這種(zhong)原理制成的。

(3)把一(yi)杯(bei)牛(niu)奶(nai)(nai)放在(zai)熱(re)水(shui)中(zhong)加(jia)熱(re),經過(guo)一(yi)段較長時間,它(ta)們的(de)溫(wen)度(du)隨時間變(bian)(bian)化的(de)圖(tu)像(xiang)如圖(tu)丙所示(shi)。則圖(tu)像(xiang)中(zhong)表示(shi)牛(niu)奶(nai)(nai)溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)(bian)化的(de)是 (選填“A”或(huo)“B”),在(zai)第8min時,牛(niu)奶(nai)(nai) (選填“能”或(huo)“不能”)繼續吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)。若牛(niu)奶(nai)(nai)和(he)熱(re)水(shui)的(de)質量(liang)相等,并且忽略奶(nai)(nai)瓶的(de)吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)以及熱(re)量(liang)的(de)散(san)失,從(cong)圖(tu)像(xiang)可知 (選填“牛(niu)奶(nai)(nai)”或(huo)水(shui)”)的(de)比熱(re)容較大。

24.某(mou)小組做(zuo)“探(tan)究(jiu)不同物質吸熱(re)能力”的實(shi)驗(yan),實(shi)驗(yan)裝置如圖所(suo)示。

(1)組裝器材時應按(an)照 (選填“自下(xia)而上(shang)”或“自上(shang)而下(xia)”)的順序。本實驗中通過(guo) (選填“溫(wen)度計示數變化量(liang)”或“加熱時間”)來表示物質吸收熱量(liang)的多少。

(2)在設計實驗(yan)方案時,需要確定以下(xia)控制的變量,你認為其(qi)中多余的是(shi) 。

A.采用(yong)完全相同的加熱方式

B.酒精燈里所加酒精量相同

C.取相同質量的水(shui)和(he)另一種液體(ti)

D.盛放水和另一(yi)種(zhong)液體的(de)容(rong)器相同

(3)加熱到一(yi)定時間,水(shui)中溫度(du)(du)計示(shi)數如圖丙所示(shi),則(ze)水(shui)的溫度(du)(du)為 ℃,此時水(shui)開始沸騰,這(zhe)表(biao)明實(shi)驗時的大(da)氣壓強 (選填“大(da)于(yu)”“小(xiao)于(yu)”或“等于(yu)”)一(yi)個標準大(da)氣壓。而另一(yi)種(zhong)液(ye)體(ti)此時并(bing)沒(mei)有沸騰,但是溫度(du)(du)計的示(shi)數比(bi)水(shui)溫要高(gao)很多,由此可(ke)知水(shui)的吸熱能力 (選填“大(da)于(yu)”“小(xiao)于(yu)”或“等于(yu)”)另一(yi)種(zhong)液(ye)體(ti)。

(4)物(wu)(wu)理學(xue)中(zhong)用比熱(re)容(rong)(rong)表示物(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)吸熱(re)能(neng)力,如圖丁(ding)所(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)實驗中(zhong)繪制的(de)(de)(de)溫度一時間圖像的(de)(de)(de)一部分,小(xiao)組(zu)同(tong)學(xue)認為(wei)可以根據水的(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)容(rong)(rong)計算出另(ling)一種液(ye)體的(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)容(rong)(rong),則另(ling)一種液(ye)體的(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)容(rong)(rong)為(wei) J/(kg·℃)。[不計熱(re)損失,水的(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)容(rong)(rong)為(wei)4.2×103J/(kg·℃)]

25.小(xiao)(xiao)明同學學習了(le)燃(ran)(ran)料的熱值(zhi)后,考慮(lv)到燃(ran)(ran)料燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)放出(chu)的熱量(liang)會被水吸收,而水的比熱容已知,于是自己設計(ji)一個(ge)實驗來探究煤油和菜籽油的熱值(zhi)的大小(xiao)(xiao)關系(xi),他(ta)組裝了(le)如圖所示的裝置進行實驗。

記錄結果見下表

(1)為(wei)了保(bao)證實驗結論的可靠,小明(ming)同學應該選(xuan)擇兩套(tao)完(wan)全(quan)相同的裝置,在實驗中(zhong)還(huan)應控制(zhi)煤油(you)和菜(cai)籽油(you)的 (選(xuan)填“質量”或“體積(ji)”)相同,還(huan)要控制(zhi)相同。

(2)小明仔細觀察(cha)發(fa)現:同(tong)一(yi)批次同(tong)一(yi)包裝(zhuang)盒子(zi)中外形相同(tong)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度計(ji)的(de)(de)讀數(shu)不盡相同(tong),為了選(xuan)擇兩(liang)只完全相同(tong)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度計(ji),小明應該在盒中先挑選(xuan)多(duo)支示數(shu) (選(xuan)填“相同(tong)”或“不同(tong)”)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度計(ji),然后把它們一(yi)起放到(dao)一(yi)杯熱水中,稍等一(yi)會兒(er)后,再(zai) 。

(3)分析表中數(shu)據(ju)得出:煤(mei)油(you)和菜籽(zi)油(you)兩種燃料中,熱值較大的是 。

(4)小(xiao)明同學還(huan)想利用(yong)這種實驗(yan)方案計算(suan)出(chu)煤油(you)和(he)菜籽(zi)油(you)的熱(re)值(zhi),根據水的比(bi)熱(re)容,測出(chu)相關質量(liang)后,計算(suan)出(chu)的熱(re)值(zhi)將比(bi)真實值(zhi) (選填“大”或“小(xiao)”),其原因(yin)是(shi) 。

26.為(wei)了探究做功與物(wu)體內(nei)能變化的關系(xi),某(mou)小組同學利用氣壓式(shi)噴霧(wu)器、數字式(shi)溫(wen)度計、小葉輪(lun)等進行實(shi)驗,如圖(tu)所示。

【提出問題】

做功與物體內能的變化存在怎(zen)樣的關系?

【制(zhi)訂計劃與(yu)設(she)計實驗】

(1)先用溫(wen)度計測出氣(qi)壓式噴(pen)霧器內氣(qi)體的溫(wen)度,如(ru)圖甲所示

(2)關閉噴嘴處的閥門,接(jie)著用手按壓活塞快速打氣(qi)(qi),并用溫度計測出噴霧器(qi)內(nei)部氣(qi)(qi)體的溫度,如圖乙(yi)所示。

(3打開噴嘴處的(de)閥門,迅速放出噴霧(wu)(wu)器內(nei)一部分氣(qi)體(ti),并用溫(wen)(wen)度計測岀(chu)噴霧(wu)(wu)器內(nei)部氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度,如圖(tu)丙所示。

【分析與論證】

(1)該實驗通(tong)過 的(de)變化來反(fan)映氣體內(nei)能的(de)變化,這里所運用(yong)的(de)物理研究方法是 。

(2)用手(shou)按壓活塞快(kuai)速(su)打氣的目的是 。

(3)打開噴(pen)嘴處的(de)閥門,迅速(su)放出噴(pen)霧器(qi)內(nei)(nei)一部分氣體時,噴(pen)霧器(qi)前的(de)小風扇(shan)轉(zhuan)動,此(ci)時氣體的(de)內(nei)(nei)能轉(zhuan)化為風扇(shan)的(de) 。

【實驗結論】

(1)比(bi)較甲和乙兩(liang)圖(tu)可知,外界對氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)做功,氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)內能(neng) ;比(bi)較甲和丙兩(liang)圖(tu)可知,氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)對外界做功,氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)內能(neng) (均選填“增加”“減(jian)少”或“不變”)

篇3

一(yi)、認真(zhen)學習新課標、避免復(fu)習的盲(mang)目(mu)性

作為畢業班的(de)物(wu)理教師(shi)，自己一定要(yao)認真(zhen)學習(xi)新課標(biao)，要(yao)求對(dui)新課標(biao)做到具體(ti)化和(he)系統(tong)化的(de)體(ti)現(xian)，對(dui)知識(shi)點(dian)的(de)掌握和(he)實踐能力(li)的(de)提升做到全面的(de)考(kao)查和(he)訓(xun)練(lian)，按單元、知識(shi)點(dian)的(de)內在聯系，分(fen)成不同模塊進行講解(jie)和(he)訓(xun)練(lian)，為學生(sheng)指明中考(kao)復習(xi)的(de)方向。

二、狠抓基礎、搞(gao)好專(zhuan)題復(fu)習

中考(kao)(kao)以考(kao)(kao)查學(xue)科(ke)基(ji)礎知(zhi)識(shi)的理(li)解和運(yun)用為主，因此(ci)，我們必須抽出一定(ding)的時(shi)間指導(dao)、幫(bang)助(zhu)學(xue)生(sheng)梳理(li)知(zhi)識(shi)，建立縱向(xiang)、橫向(xiang)知(zhi)識(shi)網絡(luo)結構，幫(bang)助(zhu)學(xue)生(sheng)糾正錯誤觀點、錯誤認(ren)識(shi)，澄清一些易錯、易混淆的概(gai)念；同時(shi)有針對性(xing)地進行專(zhuan)門的滾動式基(ji)礎課(ke)題過關(guan)訓練。

抓基(ji)礎是(shi)第一輪的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)復習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)部(bu)分(fen)，這一輪復習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容是(shi)回歸課本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，通(tong)讀精讀課本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)，重(zhong)(zhong)溫課后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)練習(xi)(xi)，準確理(li)(li)解(jie)所有物理(li)(li)“概(gai)念”和(he)物理(li)(li)“規(gui)律”的(de)(de)(de)(de)含義。這階段所要(yao)(yao)(yao)達到的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)解(jie)決(jue)知(zhi)識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋面(mian)(mian)，解(jie)決(jue)基(ji)礎知(zhi)識(shi)、基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)技能問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)。因(yin)而(er)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在廣度上(shang)力爭不(bu)留疑問(wen)(wen)(wen)，切實(shi)(shi)抓好“雙基(ji)”。同時也要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)(zhong)視實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，物理(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)初中(zhong)(zhong)物理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎，考(kao)查(cha)學生運用(yong)(yong)所學的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎知(zhi)識(shi)和(he)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)技能分(fen)析問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)、解(jie)決(jue)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。縱觀各地近幾年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)考(kao)試題(ti)，物理(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)數約占總分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)20～25%以上(shang)，有些(xie)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)還(huan)滲透在其他題(ti)型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)，這些(xie)題(ti)目多(duo)數源于(yu)教材中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學生實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、演示(shi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、小(xiao)(xiao)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)小(xiao)(xiao)制作(zuo)，既考(kao)查(cha)各種基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)儀器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)、又考(kao)查(cha)學生實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)操作(zuo)水(shui)平和(he)綜合運用(yong)(yong)所學知(zhi)識(shi)分(fen)析、解(jie)決(jue)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。所以，物理(li)(li)總復習(xi)(xi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)視實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)教學的(de)(de)(de)(de)復習(xi)(xi)。

搞好專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)復習(xi)是提高第二(er)階段復習(xi)效益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要一環(huan)。好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)對(dui)提高學生某一方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力，特(te)別是具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)某類(lei)(lei)特(te)點出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力有獨到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)（比如方法(fa)(fa)(fa)類(lei)(lei)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體法(fa)(fa)(fa)、等(deng)效法(fa)(fa)(fa)、估算法(fa)(fa)(fa)、歸納法(fa)(fa)(fa)、隔離法(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)；問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)類(lei)(lei)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖象(xiang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)、守(shou)恒(heng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)、新情(qing)景問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)、實(shi)驗(yan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)、綜合問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)等(deng)）。題(ti)型(xing)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇題(ti)、實(shi)驗(yan)題(ti)和(he)計算題(ti)等(deng)。搞專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)復習(xi)要有計劃、有目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)進行；要集中集體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量、發揮集體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)慧；專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)、題(ti)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置、時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排(pai)、學生訓(xun)練需要達到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準都應該事(shi)先精心(xin)考慮和(he)策劃。就專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)形(xing)式而言，可以大小不限；就專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)來看(kan)，主要可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)類(lei)(lei)和(he)題(ti)型(xing)類(lei)(lei)，方法(fa)(fa)(fa)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)側重于解(jie)決(jue)物理問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想、觀點、方法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)解(jie)題(ti)思(si)路。問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)題(ti)主要是以某類(lei)(lei)型(xing)典型(xing)為(wei)中心(xin)，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)其特(te)征(zheng)、找出共同點、探尋解(jie)決(jue)這類(lei)(lei)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)途徑。

三、精編精選、強化(hua)訓練

物理(li)后期復(fu)習是以“練(lian)(lian)”和“考(kao)”為(wei)主，以“評(ping)(ping)”和“講”為(wei)輔。“練(lian)(lian)”的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是通過(guo)學生的(de)(de)練(lian)(lian)達到夯實基(ji)礎，提(ti)高技能技巧，發現問(wen)題，增強對中考(kao)的(de)(de)適應性和熟練(lian)(lian)程度，掌握應試技巧，養成良(liang)好的(de)(de)應試規范和應試心(xin)理(li)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。“評(ping)(ping)”的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)則是通過(guo)教(jiao)師的(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)達到深(shen)化理(li)解，糾正錯(cuo)誤，解決問(wen)題，查缺補漏，舉一反(fan)三的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。怎樣“練(lian)(lian)”，怎樣“評(ping)(ping)”才能獲得最大(da)效(xiao)益呢(ni)？

怎(zen)樣“練(lian)(lian)”？首先(xian)從實戰需要考(kao)(kao)(kao)慮，可以把“練(lian)(lian)”的(de)方(fang)式(shi)確定為三種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)：1.物理學科(ke)實戰訓練(lian)(lian)；2.物理學科(ke)專(zhuan)題訓練(lian)(lian)（包括專(zhuan)題訓練(lian)(lian)、專(zhuan)項技能、技巧訓練(lian)(lian)和糾(jiu)正性、鞏(gong)固性訓練(lian)(lian)等）；3.中考(kao)(kao)(kao)“理綜(zong)”仿真考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)。然后(hou)需要精選、精編、與(yu)“理綜(zong)”試(shi)(shi)題的(de)方(fang)向一致，與(yu)所教(jiao)(jiao)學生(sheng)的(de)能力發展相適(shi)(shi)應，適(shi)(shi)當參考(kao)(kao)(kao)教(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)的(de)訓練(lian)(lian)、考(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)題。最(zui)好在試(shi)(shi)題使用之前先(xian)做(zuo)出預測，以便考(kao)(kao)(kao)后(hou)進行比較(jiao)、分析、從而發現我(wo)們和學生(sheng)在各(ge)種(zhong)問題上和認識(shi)差(cha)異，通過(guo)與(yu)學生(sheng)及時溝通達(da)到取向一致、解決問題的(de)目的(de)。

怎樣(yang)(yang)“評(ping)(ping)”？首(shou)先需(xu)(xu)要(yao)認真(zhen)批(pi)改(gai)、分析(xi)試卷(juan)，了解所教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，出現這些(xie)(xie)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)原因，哪(na)些(xie)(xie)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)急需(xu)(xu)解決(jue)而學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)知識、能(neng)(neng)力水平(ping)又完全能(neng)(neng)夠達(da)到要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)，哪(na)些(xie)(xie)問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進一步提高(gao)知識、能(neng)(neng)力水平(ping)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)一定的(de)(de)努力和積累才能(neng)(neng)解決(jue)的(de)(de)；然后(hou)精(jing)心(xin)做好評(ping)(ping)講(jiang)前的(de)(de)準備，即重點評(ping)(ping)什么？問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)要(yao)害在(zai)(zai)哪(na)里？怎樣(yang)(yang)配制強(qiang)化(hua)性、針對性、鞏固性習題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)？怎樣(yang)(yang)調動(dong)學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)效參與，促使(shi)其思維深層(ceng)次活動(dong)？怎樣(yang)(yang)處理反饋信息，及時溝(gou)通，彈(dan)性調控，關鍵點撥？最后(hou)在(zai)(zai)評(ping)(ping)講(jiang)課(ke)中教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師應要(yao)注意(yi)少講(jiang)多動(dong)（教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師講(jiang)得少，學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)得多）、精(jing)評(ping)(ping)多練，重在(zai)(zai)幫助學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對解題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)思路的(de)(de)總結(jie)和歸納，易錯易混(hun)淆概(gai)念、問題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)糾正，重在(zai)(zai)對學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進行應試策略和技巧的(de)(de)指(zhi)導和點撥，另外教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師應以身作(zuo)則(ze)，言傳身教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，切忌隨意(yi)性和不規范(fan)行為(wei)。

選、編、練、評首先(xian)要強調的是速度和成功(gong)率。策略(lve)是低檔(dang)題(ti)盡量(liang)不(bu)失(shi)分，中檔(dang)題(ti)盡量(liang)多得分，高(gao)檔(dang)題(ti)能得一些分。

在“練”與“評”中可以(yi)把專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)復(fu)(fu)習結合進(jin)(jin)行，好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)對提(ti)高學生某(mou)一(yi)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)某(mou)類(lei)(lei)特(te)點(dian)突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有獨(du)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。搞(gao)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)復(fu)(fu)習要有計劃、有目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地進(jin)(jin)行；要集(ji)(ji)中集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)力量發揮(hui)集(ji)(ji)智慧；專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇、專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用、題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置、時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排、學生訓練需要達到(dao)標準都應該(gai)事先精心(xin)考慮和(he)(he)策劃。就(jiu)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式而言，可以(yi)大(da)小(xiao)不限、機動靈活地進(jin)(jin)行；就(jiu)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型來看，主要可分為方法(fa)類(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)類(lei)(lei)，方法(fa)類(lei)(lei)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)側重于解(jie)決(jue)(jue)物理問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想、觀點(dian)、方法(fa)和(he)(he)解(jie)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)思(si)路。問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)主要是(shi)(shi)以(yi)某(mou)類(lei)(lei)型問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為中心(xin)，分析(xi)其特(te)征、找出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)點(dian)、探(tan)尋解(jie)決(jue)(jue)這(zhe)類(lei)(lei)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)和(he)(he)途(tu)徑。需要特(te)加(jia)說明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，實驗專(zhuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)重中之重，無(wu)論(lun)時間多(duo)么緊迫，都必須搞(gao)好(hao)(hao)。

三、抓好側重點、分層落(luo)實

要面向全體，絕不放(fang)棄每一個學生。但在策(ce)略上(shang)(shang)應(ying)抓好側重點、分(fen)層落(luo)實，想(xiang)方設法、充分(fen)調動學生有(you)效參與的積(ji)極性，圍繞怎(zen)樣有(you)效解決學生知識上(shang)(shang)、技(ji)能(neng)上(shang)(shang)的缺漏、思維上(shang)(shang)的障礙、能(neng)力上(shang)(shang)的缺陷來組織(zhi)教(jiao)學。

篇4

機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng) 分(fen)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)理論(lun) 內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng) 1. 一(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠做(zuo)功(gong)，我們就說它(ta)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)由于(yu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)叫(jiao)(jiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)跟物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)關，運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da). 一(yi)(yi)切運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)都具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 2. 勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)分(fen)重力(li)(li)(li)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)彈性(xing)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 舉(ju)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)叫(jiao)(jiao)重力(li)(li)(li)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，舉(ju)得越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高，重力(li)(li)(li)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da). 發生彈性(xing)形變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，叫(jiao)(jiao)彈性(xing)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)彈性(xing)形變越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，它(ta)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da). 3. 動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)統稱(cheng)為機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、功(gong)、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位都是(shi)(shi)焦(jiao)(jiao)耳(er). 動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)以相(xiang)(xiang)互轉化(hua)(hua). 分(fen)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)理論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本知識：①物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)由分(fen)子(zi)(zi)組成(cheng)，分(fen)子(zi)(zi)極(ji)其微小. ②分(fen)子(zi)(zi)做(zuo)永不(bu)停(ting)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong). ③分(fen)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)間有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)互作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引力(li)(li)(li)和(he)斥力(li)(li)(li). 4. 不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)在互相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)觸時，彼此進入對(dui)(dui)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，叫(jiao)(jiao)擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san). 擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)現(xian)象說明了分(fen)子(zi)(zi)做(zuo)永不(bu)停(ting)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong). 5. 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)所有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)做(zuo)無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)勢(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總和(he)，叫(jiao)(jiao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 一(yi)(yi)切物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)都有(you)(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng). 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)跟溫度有(you)(you)(you)關. 溫度越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部分(fen)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)激烈，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da). 溫度越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高，擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)(san)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)快. 6. 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)叫(jiao)(jiao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang). 兩種改(gai)變物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法是(shi)(shi)：做(zuo)功(gong)和(he)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)傳遞. 對(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)做(zuo)功(gong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)增加(jia)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)做(zuo)功(gong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減小；物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)吸收(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)增加(jia)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減小. 7. 單(dan)位質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某種物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)溫度升高（或降低）1℃吸收(shou)（或放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)叫(jiao)(jiao)這種物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)容，簡稱(cheng)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re). 比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位是(shi)(shi)焦(jiao)(jiao)/(千(qian)(qian)克(ke)·℃). 水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)4.2×103焦(jiao)(jiao)/(千(qian)(qian)克(ke)·℃). 它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理意義是(shi)(shi)：1千(qian)(qian)克(ke)水(shui)溫度升高(或降低)1℃吸收(shou)(或放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)4.2×103焦(jiao)(jiao). 水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re). 所以沿海地方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣溫變化(hua)(hua)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)陸那樣顯著. 8. Q吸=cm(t - t0)；Q放(fang)(fang)(fang)=cm(t0 - t)；或合寫成(cheng)Q=cmΔt. 熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)平衡(heng)時有(you)(you)(you)Q吸=Q放(fang)(fang)(fang)即c1m1(t - t01)=c2m2(t02 - t). 9. 能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)既(ji)不(bu)會消失，也(ye)不(bu)會創生，它(ta)只(zhi)會從一(yi)(yi)種形式轉化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)為其他形式，或者從一(yi)(yi)個物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉移(yi)到另一(yi)(yi)上物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，而在轉化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保持不(bu)變. 這個規(gui)(gui)律(lv)叫(jiao)(jiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)守(shou)恒定(ding)律(lv). 內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)以利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)做(zuo)功(gong). 10. 1千(qian)(qian)克(ke)某種燃(ran)料(liao)完全(quan)燃(ran)燒(shao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)這種燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi). 熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位是(shi)(shi)：焦(jiao)(jiao)/千(qian)(qian)克(ke). 氫(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)()是(shi)(shi)1.4 ×108焦(jiao)(jiao)/千(qian)(qian)克(ke)，它(ta)表示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理意義是(shi)(shi)：1千(qian)(qian)克(ke)氫(qing)完全(quan)燃(ran)燒(shao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)1.4 ×108焦(jiao)(jiao).

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 學 1. 摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有了(le)吸(xi)引輕小(xiao)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)，就說物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)帶了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian). 用(yong)(yong)(yong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)使(shi)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian). 2. 自(zi)然(ran)界存(cun)在著兩(liang)(liang)(liang)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian). 同(tong)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷相互排斥(chi)，異(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷相互吸(xi)引. 3. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang). 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“Q”，單(dan)位是(shi)(shi)(shi)庫侖，簡稱庫，用(yong)(yong)(yong)符號(hao)“C”表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi). 4. 摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷發生轉移(yi). 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian). 失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian). 5. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定向移(yi)動形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu). 把(ba)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷移(yi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向規定為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向. 能(neng)夠提供(gong)持續(xu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝制(zhi)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan). 干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan). 直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)部(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷地使(shi)正(zheng)極聚(ju)集(ji)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，負(fu)(fu)極聚(ju)集(ji)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷. 干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)外供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，是(shi)(shi)(shi)化學能(neng)轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng). 6. 容(rong)易導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti). 金屬(shu)、石墨、人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、大地以及酸、堿、鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶液等(deng)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)易導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti). 橡膠(jiao)、玻(bo)璃、陶瓷、塑料(liao)、油等(deng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti). 導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之間沒有絕(jue)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界限(xian). 金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) . 7. 把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、開關(guan)等(deng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)徑叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu). 接(jie)(jie)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)；斷開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開路(lu)(lu)(lu)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而直接(jie)(jie)把(ba)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)連(lian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)端叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短路(lu)(lu)(lu). 用(yong)(yong)(yong)符號(hao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)圖. 把(ba)元件逐個(ge)順(shun)次連(lian)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu). 把(ba)元件并列地連(lian)接(jie)(jie)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu). 8. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)強度(du)等(deng)于1秒鐘內(nei)通過導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)橫截面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang) . "I"表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu), "Q"表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang), "t"表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)時間，則 I= . 1安(an)(an)=1庫/秒. 1安(an)(an)（A）=1000毫安(an)(an)(mA)；1毫安(an)(an)(mA)=1000微安(an)(an)(μA)； 9. 測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao). 實驗室(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)一般有兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)和(he)(he)三個(ge)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)分別是(shi)(shi)(shi) 0～0 .6安(an)(an)和(he)(he) 0～3安(an)(an)；接(jie)(jie)0～0 .6安(an)(an)時每(mei)(mei)大格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)0.2安(an)(an)，每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)0.02安(an)(an)；接(jie)(jie)0～3安(an)(an)時每(mei)(mei)大格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)1安(an)(an)，每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)0.1安(an)(an). 10. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)要串聯(lian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)；②“+”、“－”接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱接(jie)(jie)法(fa)要正(zheng)確(que)；③被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要超過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)；④絕(jue)對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)允許不(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)直接(jie)(jie)連(lian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)極上. 11.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu). 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)用(yong)(yong)(yong)符號(hao)“ U”表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)，單(dan)位是(shi)(shi)(shi)伏(fu)(fu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)“ V”表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi). 1千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(kV)=1000伏(fu)(fu)(V); 1伏(fu)(fu)(V)=1000毫伏(fu)(fu)(mV)；1毫伏(fu)(fu)(mV)=1000微伏(fu)(fu)(μV). 一節干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)1.5伏(fu)(fu) ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)手表(biao)(biao)(biao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氧化銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1.5伏(fu)(fu)，鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)2伏(fu)(fu) ，家庭(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)220伏(fu)(fu) ，對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過 36伏(fu)(fu). 12. 測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao). 實驗室(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)一般有兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)和(he)(he)三個(ge)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)分別是(shi)(shi)(shi) 0～3伏(fu)(fu)和(he)(he) 0～15伏(fu)(fu)；接(jie)(jie)0～3伏(fu)(fu)時每(mei)(mei)大格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)1伏(fu)(fu)，每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)0.1伏(fu)(fu)；接(jie)(jie)0～15伏(fu)(fu)時每(mei)(mei)大格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)5伏(fu)(fu)，每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)格(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)0.5伏(fu)(fu). 13. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)要并聯(lian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)；②“+”、“－”接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱接(jie)(jie)法(fa)要正(zheng)確(que)；③被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要超過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)程(cheng). 14. 導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)礙作用(yong)(yong)(yong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu). 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種性質(zhi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)決(jue)定導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)、長度(du)和(he)(he)橫截面(mian)積. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“R”，單(dan)位是(shi)(shi)(shi)“歐(ou)(ou)姆”，單(dan)位符號(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“Ω”. 1兆歐(ou)(ou)(MΩ)=1000千(qian)(qian)歐(ou)(ou)(kΩ)；1千(qian)(qian)歐(ou)(ou)(kΩ)=1000歐(ou)(ou)(Ω). 15. 變(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：改變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)線(xian)(xian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)，就可(ke)以逐漸(jian)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，從(cong)而逐漸(jian)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu). 達(da)到(dao)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).

歐姆定律16. 導體(ti)中的電(dian)流，跟(gen)(gen)導體(ti)兩(liang)端的電(dian)壓成正比，跟(gen)(gen)導體(ti)的電(dian)阻(zu)成反比. 這個結論叫歐姆定律. 用公(gong)式表示是(shi):I=U/R

篇5

期中考(kao)試(shi)是(shi)對同(tong)學們前半期學習成果的考(kao)核，通過對考(kao)試(shi)質量的分析(xi)，才能了解(jie)考(kao)試(shi)方向和(he)難度等，因此進行期中考(kao)試(shi)質量分析(xi)十分有必要。下面將本次(ci)期中考(kao)試(shi)九年級(ji)物理質量分析(xi)分享給(gei)同(tong)學們，希望給(gei)大家帶來一定的幫助！

一、試卷分析:

1、試卷結構

全卷共(gong)(gong)分(fen)(fen)四部分(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)100分(fen)(fen).填空題(ti)12道(dao)共(gong)(gong)30分(fen)(fen)；其(qi)中選擇題(ti)10道(dao)共(gong)(gong)30分(fen)(fen)；作圖兩道(dao)共(gong)(gong)6分(fen)(fen)；實(shi)驗探(tan)究2道(dao)共(gong)(gong)19分(fen)(fen)；綜合應(ying)用題(ti)2道(dao)共(gong)(gong)15分(fen)(fen)。

試題特點

（1）本卷考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)級物(wu)理第十二(er)至十九(jiu)章，包含分(fen)子(zi)運動、內(nei)能與(yu)熱(re)(re)機(ji)、電(dian)路、等初中物(wu)理主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)學(xue)和(he)電(dian)學(xue)部(bu)分(fen) 。涵蓋比熱(re)(re)容(rong)和(he)熱(re)(re)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)計算，簡單的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)知識(shi)，簡單的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路問題，電(dian)流表(biao)和(he)電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)使用問題，可以說，凡是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)點都進行(xing)了考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)，知識(shi)點的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha)比較全面。

（2）試卷整體偏易。基礎(chu)題占的比(bi)例較(jiao)大，有七(qi)十(shi)多分(fen)的基礎(chu)題。其(qi)余的是(shi)中(zhong)等(deng)或偏難題，需(xu)要(yao)進行多次的分(fen)析判斷或計(ji)算才能(neng)得出(chu)結果。

（3）大(da)多(duo)數(shu)題(ti)(ti)目與(yu)實際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)聯系緊密(mi).如第1、2、3、4、5、8、9、13、17、19、21、24、26、以實際(ji)社會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)作為題(ti)(ti)目的(de)背(bei)景。讓學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中熟悉的(de)物(wu)理現象與(yu)要考查的(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)有機的(de)溶為一體，讓學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)運(yun)用知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)去判斷、識(shi)(shi)別、說明，不但考查了學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)掌握(wo)的(de)扎實程度(du)，同(tong)時(shi)對(dui)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)運(yun)用知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)解決問題(ti)(ti)的(de)靈活(huo)性也進行了檢測。

（4）實驗(yan)探(tan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)考查較側重對實驗(yan)過(guo)程的(de)(de)評估。如26題中指出本實驗(yan)計(ji)算熱值的(de)(de)不足之處

二、學(xue)生得失分原因分析

1、從成績(ji)來(lai)看(kan)，及格(ge)人數較(jiao)多，我所教的(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)（2）班(ban)平均(jun)分(fen)(fen)42.6；九(jiu)（3）班(ban)平均(jun)分(fen)(fen)44.8九(jiu)（3）班(ban)平均(jun)分(fen)(fen)41.6。究其原因，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)于(yu)試(shi)題難度較(jiao)小(xiao)，簡單(dan)題目(mu)(mu)(mu)占比較(jiao)大，并且考(kao)試(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間比較(jiao)充足。但是(shi)(shi)優秀人數和特(te)優人數較(jiao)少(shao)，原因是(shi)(shi)本學(xue)期處在(zai)不停地(di)趕進(jin)度中(zhong)，新知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)學(xue)習(xi)以后學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)消化鞏固的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不夠，更談不上升華，這(zhe)導(dao)致一(yi)(yi)(yi)些學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)看(kan)到稍(shao)有難度的(de)(de)(de)題目(mu)(mu)(mu)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些和實際生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)有聯系的(de)(de)(de)題目(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，茫然得(de)很，不知(zhi)道用哪些知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)來(lai)解答(da)，有些題目(mu)(mu)(mu)即使(shi)解答(da)出來(lai)也耗費了大量的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)也暴露(lu)出我教學(xue)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)不足。在(zai)授新課時(shi)(shi)(shi)，我注重了學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對物(wu)理知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)性認識(shi)(shi)和理解，但此(ci)之后沒(mei)有及時(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)將這(zhe)些知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)上升到理性的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理規律，使(shi)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對規律的(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)(shi)仍停留在(zai)初級(ji)階(jie)斷，這(zhe)嚴(yan)重地(di)影響了學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)解題速度。在(zai)鞏固知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)階(jie)段，由(you)(you)于(yu)急進(jin)心理，誤判學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)能(neng)力，對基礎知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)訓練(lian)過多，中(zhong)難度題訓練(lian)較(jiao)多，難題訓練(lian)較(jiao)少(shao)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)也使(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)由(you)(you)于(yu)不會做題失(shi)去(qu)了對物(wu)理的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習(xi)興趣。

2、從(cong)各題(ti)得分(fen)(fen)的(de)情況(kuang)看， 失(shi)分(fen)(fen)最嚴重的(de)是第6、9、14、20、22、24、26、27、29題(ti)。9（2）題(ti)對(dui)于體溫計的(de)測(ce)量(liang)范圍學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)記(ji)憶不(bu)牢固，因此出錯(cuo)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)。14題(ti)中學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)題(ti)中情景描(miao)述和(he)選項不(bu)能合理對(dui)應。22題(ti)出錯(cuo)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，反映(ying)出學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)內能，熱(re)量(liang)和(he)溫度等概念(nian)的(de)理解不(bu)夠深入。24題(ti)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)審題(ti)不(bu)夠細致(zhi)，沒有標出電流方向。26題(ti)，學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)于熱(re)值和(he)比熱(re)容以及(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)認(ren)識不(bu)到位，失(shi)分(fen)(fen)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)。第29題(ti)，學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)失(shi)分(fen)(fen)主要表現在兩個方面(mian)，一是計算錯(cuo)誤(wu)二是將功率(lv)錯(cuo)算為效(xiao)率(lv)，三是對(dui)熱(re)機的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)為30%運用(yong)出錯(cuo)。

三、后期教學措施

1、在新授課中把握好基(ji)礎知識教學(xue)。 理(li)解基(ji)本(ben)概(gai)念(nian)(nian) ，深入了解，知道概(gai)念(nian)(nian)產(chan)生的(de)原因，如內(nei)能、比(bi)熱(re)容，熱(re)值，抓(zhua)住關鍵詞(ci)，準確揭示概(gai)念(nian)(nian)的(de)內(nei)涵及外延 ，明白物(wu)理(li)意(yi)義，正確理(li)解概(gai)念(nian)(nian)的(de)適用范圍和(he)適用條件，如熱(re)量、效率(lv)， 弄懂概(gai)念(nian)(nian)對應(ying)下(xia)的(de)公式,區分易混淆的(de)概(gai)念(nian)(nian)。理(li)解基(ji)本(ben)公式， 感受物(wu)理(li)量的(de)單位 , 記(ji)熟每個公式里每一(yi)個物(wu)理(li)量的(de)符(fu)號(hao)、單位、單位間(jian)的(de)進率(lv)，弄清(qing)公式里各個物(wu)理(li)量之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)關系。一(yi)般說來，抓(zhua)住了性(xing)質方(fang)面(mian)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定，就能得到它們之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)區別，而(er)量值方(fang)面(mian)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定，往往反映了它們之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)數量關系。

2、在訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)中要(yao)(yao)切實(shi)落實(shi)好(hao)基礎(chu)知識 。平時(shi)的(de)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)題(ti)(ti)(ti)不要(yao)(yao)追(zhui)求(qiu)新、奇、深，應(ying)當以(yi)學(xue)生(sheng)常見的(de)、易于理解(jie)(jie)的(de)題(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)主(zhu) 。訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)階段，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)層次進行(xing)。最初階段以(yi)一步計(ji)算(suan)和(he)一步分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)題(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)主(zhu)，可(ke)以(yi)出現(xian)少量的(de)二步計(ji)算(suan)和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，對(dui)于層次較高的(de)學(xue)生(sheng)可(ke)以(yi)有一到(dao)兩(liang)個稍復(fu)雜的(de)題(ti)(ti)(ti)目，把基礎(chu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)做就熟練(lian)后再進行(xing)多步計(ji)算(suan)和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)題(ti)(ti)(ti)訓(xun)(xun)練(lian)。用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)逐步升級的(de)方式夯實(shi)基礎(chu)。另外(wai)，還要(yao)(yao)聯(lian)系(xi)生(sheng)活生(sheng)產(chan)現(xian)象 培養(yang)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)物(wu)理理解(jie)(jie)能力，使(shi)學(xue)生(sheng)能從具體問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)中，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)物(wu)理情景、物(wu)理過程，找(zhao)出與(yu)書本知識的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)；聯(lian)系(xi)實(shi)際培養(yang)學(xue)生(sheng)應(ying)用(yong)物(wu)理知識分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)解(jie)(jie)答問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)思路(lu)和(he)方法(fa) 。在練(lian)習時(shi)還要(yao)(yao)加強學(xue)生(sheng)計(ji)算(suan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)題(ti)(ti)(ti)過程的(de)規范性，實(shi)驗題(ti)(ti)(ti)語言敘述的(de)嚴密(mi)性。

3、加(jia)強能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)培養.要(yao)(yao)破除單純傳授(shou)知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)傳統教學(xue)(xue)觀念，要(yao)(yao)注意防止(zhi)把方法和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力當作(zuo)一種新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識向學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)灌輸(shu)，這(zhe)種作(zuo)法并不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)真正(zheng)提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)概念的(de)(de)(de)形成、規(gui)律的(de)(de)(de)得出(chu)、模型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立、知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)等(deng)，培養學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)抽象和(he)(he)概括、分析(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)綜合、推(tui)理(li)和(he)(he)判斷等(deng)思維能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力以及科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)語(yu)言文字表(biao)(biao)達能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。要(yao)(yao)培養學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)運用(yong)(yong)數(shu)學(xue)(xue)方法處理(li)物(wu)(wu)理(li)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是：要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)理(li)解公式(shi)和(he)(he)圖象的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理(li)意義，運用(yong)(yong)數(shu)學(xue)(xue)進行邏輯推(tui)理(li)，得出(chu)物(wu)(wu)理(li)結論。要(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)會用(yong)(yong)圖象表(biao)(biao)達和(he)(he)處理(li)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。既重視定(ding)(ding)量計算，也重視定(ding)(ding)性和(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)量分析(xi)(xi)。要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)培養學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)分析(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)解決實際(ji)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)運用(yong)(yong)所學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)概念、規(gui)律和(he)(he)模型(xing)等(deng)知(zhi)識對(dui)具體問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進行具體分析(xi)(xi)，弄清物(wu)(wu)理(li)過(guo)程和(he)(he)情景，明確解決問(wen)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)思路和(he)(he)方法，逐步(bu)學(xue)(xue)會靈活地分析(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)解決問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。

篇6

第(di)Ⅰ卷（選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇題(ti)(ti)(ti) 共(gong)(gong)(gong)39分(fen)(fen)(fen)）一(yi)(yi)、單選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)大(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)(gong)10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)30分(fen)(fen)(fen)。每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)項(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)錯(cuo)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)零分(fen)(fen)(fen)）1、下(xia)(xia)列(lie)事件中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),能(neng)表(biao)(biao)明分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)停地(di)做無(wu)(wu)規則(ze)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ）A 、掃地(di)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，灰塵四(si)起 B、 花(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，花(hua)香(xiang)滿園 C 、下(xia)(xia)雪時(shi)(shi)(shi)，雪花(hua)飄飄 D、 刮風時(shi)(shi)(shi)，黃沙撲面 2、下(xia)(xia)列(lie)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A、物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升高(gao)，內能(neng)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia) B、 物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)吸收(shou)(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量，溫(wen)度(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)升高(gao) C、物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升高(gao)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吸收(shou)(shou)了(le)(le)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量 D、 物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內能(neng)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)升高(gao)3、下(xia)(xia)列(lie)敘述中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)做功來(lai)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A、用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸(ju)(ju)鋸(ju)(ju)木頭，木頭和(he)(he)鋸(ju)(ju)條(tiao)都變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re) B、一(yi)(yi)根鐵絲反復(fu)彎折(zhe)，彎折(zhe)處(chu)(chu)會熱(re)(re)(re)(re)得(de)(de)燙手 C、冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)暖水(shui)袋取暖 D、流(liu)(liu)星進(jin)入大(da)(da)氣層由(you)于摩擦而發(fa)光發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re) 4、一(yi)(yi)瓶煤(mei)(mei)油(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)掉(diao)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)后(hou)，剩下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)油(you)（ ） A、比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半(ban) B、密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)、比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian) C、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半(ban) D、密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半(ban) 5、要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)只開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)兩盞(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，則(ze)這(zhe)兩盞(zhan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接方(fang)(fang)(fang)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ）A、只能(neng)串(chuan)聯(lian) B、只能(neng)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian) C、串(chuan)聯(lian)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行 D、可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)串(chuan)聯(lian)或(huo)并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)6、在(zai)(zai)如(ru)圖所(suo)(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關S閉(bi)(bi)合(he)后(hou)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡L1、L2都能(neng)發(fa)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） 7、下(xia)(xia)列(lie)圖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，與(yu)(yu)左側實(shi)物(wu)(wu)圖相對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A． B． C．　 　D．8、某四(si)沖(chong)程(cheng)(cheng)汽(qi)油(you)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1500R／min，那么1min里(li)，該(gai)汽(qi)油(you)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)程(cheng)(cheng)數和(he)(he)燃(ran)氣做功次(ci)數分(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ）A、3000個(ge)(ge)，6000次(ci) B、6000個(ge)(ge)，3000個(ge)(ge) C、3000個(ge)(ge)，750次(ci) D、750個(ge)(ge)，3000次(ci)9、某機(ji)(ji)要(yao)室大(da)(da)門(men)需接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)將(jiang)大(da)(da)門(men)打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)，控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩把(ba)鑰(yao)匙分(fen)(fen)(fen)別由(you)兩名工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員保管，單把(ba)鑰(yao)匙無(wu)(wu)法(fa)打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)。圖3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） 10．在(zai)(zai)如(ru)右圖所(suo)(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍵K閉(bi)(bi)合(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1、L2均(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亮。某同(tong)學用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)根導線去查找電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障。他將(jiang)導線先并(bing)(bing)接在(zai)(zai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1兩端時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2亮，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亮，然后(hou)并(bing)(bing)接在(zai)(zai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2兩端時(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)兩燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)均(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亮。由(you)此可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)判(pan)斷(duan)( )A、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) B、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) C、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) D、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) 　 二、多項(xiang)(xiang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)大(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)(gong)3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)9分(fen)(fen)(fen)。每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)所(suo)(suo)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)項(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)或(huo)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。全部選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)對但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)1分(fen)(fen)(fen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)或(huo)錯(cuo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)零分(fen)(fen)(fen)）11、水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容較大(da)(da)，人(ren)們往(wang)往(wang)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)特性，為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活服務。下(xia)(xia)列(lie)事例中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)特性有(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （ ） A、在(zai)(zai)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河流(liu)(liu)上(shang)建水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) B、冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)，讓熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)暖氣片(pian)來(lai)取暖 C、冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)，北方(fang)(fang)(fang)菜(cai)窖里(li)放幾(ji)(ji)桶水(shui)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)防窖內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)被凍壞(huai) D、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠用(yong)(yong)(yong)循(xun)環流(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)冷卻發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji) 12、如(ru)圖所(suo)(suo)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡L1和(he)(he)L2均(jun)正(zheng)(zheng)常發(fa)光，則(ze)下(xia)(xia)列(lie)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A．L1和(he)(he)L2串(chuan)聯(lian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) B．L1和(he)(he)L2并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) C．甲(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)，乙(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao) D．甲(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)，乙(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)13、如(ru)圖所(suo)(suo)示，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)5V，且保持不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1 、 L2正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)2．5V,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)紅同(tong)學選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)好(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量程(cheng)(cheng)連接好(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，閉(bi)(bi)合(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關S后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)指針(zhen)幾(ji)(ji)乎未動(dong)(dong)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)指針(zhen)大(da)(da)約指在(zai)(zai)5V位(wei)置，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1 、L2不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)光，由(you)此小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)紅分(fen)(fen)(fen)析，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)壞(huai)了(le)(le)或(huo)接觸不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良而實(shi)際未接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) B．從(cong)(cong)a、L1到b部分(fen)(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某處(chu)(chu)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) C．燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)絲燒(shao)(shao)(shao)斷(duan)或(huo)與(yu)(yu)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)座接觸不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良 D．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1、L2都壞(huai)了(le)(le) 第(di)Ⅱ卷（非選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇題(ti)(ti)(ti) 共(gong)(gong)(gong)61分(fen)(fen)(fen)）三、填空(kong)題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)大(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)(gong)6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)4分(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)24分(fen)(fen)(fen)）15、將(jiang)煤(mei)(mei)堆放在(zai)(zai)墻角(jiao)處(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，發(fa)現(xian)涂在(zai)(zai)墻角(jiao)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石灰變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)黑了(le)(le)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) _____現(xian)象，它(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明了(le)(le)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi) 在(zai)(zai)________________________________________ 。16、“花(hua)氣襲人(ren)知驟暖,鵲(que)聲穿樹喜(xi)新(xin)晴”,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南宋詩(shi)人(ren)陸游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《村居書喜(xi)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩句詩(shi),對于前(qian)一(yi)(yi)句,從(cong)(cong)物(wu)(wu)理學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)理解(jie)為(wei)(wei):花(hua)朵分(fen)(fen)(fen)泌(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芳香(xiang)油(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)________加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)周邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣溫(wen)突(tu)然__________. 17、火(huo)(huo)柴可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擦燃(ran)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)放在(zai)(zai)火(huo)(huo)上(shang)點(dian)燃(ran)，前(qian)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)_________的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)使火(huo)(huo)柴燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)，后(hou)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)_________的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)使火(huo)(huo)柴燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)，兩種方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)都可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內能(neng)。18、汽(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)4.6×107 J/ kg,完全燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)210g汽(qi)油(you)能(neng)放出(chu)______J的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量；若這(zhe)些熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量全部被水(shui)吸收(shou)(shou)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)使______ kg 水(shui)，從(cong)(cong)20℃升高(gao)到43℃（水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容為(wei)(wei)4.2×103 J/(kg•℃) ）。19、內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)個(ge)(ge)沖(chong)程(cheng)(cheng)，右圖中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)____ 沖(chong)程(cheng)(cheng)；它(ta)將(jiang)______能(neng)轉化(hua)成機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)．20、如(ru)圖所(suo)(suo)示，閉(bi)(bi)合(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關S后(hou)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡L發(fa)光，現(xian)把(ba)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)片(pian)P向a端移動(dong)(dong)，則(ze)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡L的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亮度(du)(du)_________（變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)暗、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)亮、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)）；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)示數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)情(qing)況(kuang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)_________（變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)大(da)(da)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)）。 四(si)、綜合(he)題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)大(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)(gong)6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)37分(fen)(fen)(fen)）解(jie)題(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求有(you)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析和(he)(he)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明，計算題(ti)(ti)(ti)還要(yao)有(you)公式及(ji)數據(ju)帶(dai)入過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，結果要(yao)有(you)數值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)單位(wei)。 21、某中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學為(wei)(wei)學生(sheng)供應開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)水(shui)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)鍋爐(lu)將(jiang)200 kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)從(cong)(cong)25℃加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)到100℃，燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)了(le)(le)6 kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)煙煤(mei)(mei)。無(wu)(wu)煙煤(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)3.4×l 0 7 J／kg。求：(1) 鍋爐(lu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)吸收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多少(shao)? (2) 無(wu)(wu)煙煤(mei)(mei)完全燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)放出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多少(shao)?(3) 此鍋爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多少(shao)

22、根據(ju)下圖所示(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)圖，用(yong)筆畫線(xian)代替(ti)導線(xian)，連接(jie)實(shi)物電(dian)路(lu) (要求導線(xian)不(bu)能交叉(cha)) 23、在探究串(chuan)、并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)路(lu)規律的(de)(de)實(shi)驗里(li)，王(wang)海(hai)小(xiao)(xiao)組同學進行了(le)如下操作(zuo)：（1）①把(ba)(ba)兩(liang)(liang)個標有“2.5V 0.3A”的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)L1和L2串(chuan)聯(lian)起來接(jie)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)上，使燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)發(fa)(fa)光（如圖l所示(shi)(shi)）．②分(fen)三(san)次接(jie)人電(dian)壓表(biao)，分(fen)別測量AB之間、BC之間、AC之間的(de)(de)電(dian)壓并(bing)(bing)(bing)記(ji)入(ru)表(biao)一．（2）①把(ba)(ba)上述兩(liang)(liang)個燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)改接(jie)成并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯(lian)后，接(jie)到(dao)(dao)另一電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)上，使燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)發(fa)(fa)光（如圖2所示(shi)(shi)）． ②分(fen)三(san)次接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)流表(biao)，分(fen)別測量A、B、C三(san)點的(de)(de)電(dian)流并(bing)(bing)(bing)記(ji)入(ru)表(biao)二．

表一(yi) UAB UBC UAC電(dian)壓（V） 2.45 2.50 2.60表二(er)(er) IA IB IC電(dian)流（A） 0.30 0.29 0.58請你評估(gu)：（1）表一(yi)的(de)(de)測量(liang)結果(guo)有(you)一(yi)個是(shi)錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)，錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)是(shi) ，判(pan)斷的(de)(de)依據是(shi) （2）表二(er)(er)的(de)(de)測量(liang)結果(guo)是(shi)否可能(neng)？談(tan)(tan)談(tan)(tan)你的(de)(de)觀點(dian)。

（3）你(ni)(ni)認為王(wang)海小(xiao)組同(tong)學用兩個相同(tong)的小(xiao)燈(deng)泡做這個探(tan)究(jiu)實(shi)驗科學嗎？如(ru)果是你(ni)(ni)做，你(ni)(ni)還會(hui)怎樣設計(ji)實(shi)驗呢？

24、小(xiao)明(ming)(ming)在(zai)(zai)烈日當空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)邊(bian)玩耍(shua)，發(fa)現(xian)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)燙(tang)腳，而海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卻很(hen)涼。同(tong)樣，太陽(yang)光照射(she)(she)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么(me)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果呢(ni)？小(xiao)明(ming)(ming)想：是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸熱(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)快慢(man)不(bu)同(tong)呢(ni)？于是(shi)(shi)(shi)他從海(hai)(hai)(hai)邊(bian)取一(yi)(yi)些沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)回家進行(xing)探(tan)(tan)究。小(xiao)明(ming)(ming)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃杯中(zhong)分(fen)別裝上了(le)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，用一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)100W的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白熾(chi)燈(deng)同(tong)時照射(she)(she)它(ta)們，并用溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)計測出(chu)它(ta)們不(bu)同(tong)時刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)值(zhi)。記(ji)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)如下表所(suo)示。照射(she)(she)時間/min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)/℃ 海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 31．0 31．6 32．1 32．5 32．8 33．0 33．1 沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi) 31．0 32．5 33．8 34．8 35．8 36 36．3（1）小(xiao)明(ming)(ming)探(tan)(tan)究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)問(wen)題是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)？ （2）分(fen)析小(xiao)明(ming)(ming)探(tan)(tan)究中(zhong)收(shou)集到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)，你可(ke)以得出(chu)什么(me)探(tan)(tan)究結(jie)論？ （3）小(xiao)明(ming)(ming)發(fa)現(xian)“夏(xia)天海(hai)(hai)(hai)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)燙(tang)腳而海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卻很(hen)涼”，請你用簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語言(yan)從日常(chang)生(sheng)活中(zhong)或自然中(zhong)舉(ju)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象 25、某(mou)同(tong)學家新安(an)裝了(le)一(yi)(yi)臺容(rong)積為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)50kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太陽(yang)能熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器，加滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)，經過(guo)4h陽(yang)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照射(she)(she)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)有(you)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20℃升(sheng)高(gao)到(dao)40℃。則(ze)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)4h內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多少？若這(zhe)些熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)由效率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)爐燃燒(shao)(shao)焦炭(tan)(tan)來(lai)提(ti)供，則(ze)需要燃燒(shao)(shao)多少千克焦炭(tan)(tan)？（C水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)＝4.2×103J/(kg•℃)；q焦炭(tan)(tan)＝3.0×107J/kg） 答案(an)1 B 2A 3C 4B 5D 6D 7C 8C 9A 10 A 11、BCD 12、 BC 13、ACD15擴撒 不(bu)停的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)運動 16 無規(gui)(gui)則(ze)運動 升(sheng)高(gao) 17 做(zuo)功(gong) 熱(re)(re)傳遞 18、 9.66×109 105 19、 做(zuo)功(gong) 內能 20 變亮(liang) 變大21、（1）6.3×107 （2）20.4×107 （3）30.88%22、略 23答案(an) （1）兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)燈(deng)泡(pao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，燈(deng)泡(pao)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓應該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如果實驗(yan)(yan)準(zhun)確(que)，UAC跟UAB與(yu)UAC之(zhi)(zhi)和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)，實驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)誤差(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)會(hui)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)很(hen)懸殊．錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)UAC，判(pan)斷(duan)依據(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)UAC跟UAB與(yu)UAC之(zhi)(zhi)和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)太大．故答案(an)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：UAC；因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)UAC跟UAB與(yu)UBC之(zhi)(zhi)和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)太大．（2）兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)燈(deng)泡(pao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)燈(deng)泡(pao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)應該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)．如果實驗(yan)(yan)準(zhun)確(que)，IC=IA+IB．實驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)誤差(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)A點(dian)和B點(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)和接(jie)近C點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，在(zai)(zai)誤差(cha)(cha)(cha)范(fan)圍(wei)內，符合(he)并聯(lian)電(dian)路干路電(dian)流(liu)(liu)等(deng)于各支路電(dian)流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)和的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)律．（3）該(gai)同(tong)學用兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)燈(deng)泡(pao)做(zuo)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)探(tan)(tan)究實驗(yan)(yan)，實驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)據(ju)帶(dai)有(you)特別性，結(jie)論會(hui)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定偶然性，不(bu)能具有(you)普遍性；24、（1）相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，哪(na)種吸熱(re)(re)后(hou)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)快（或沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)(re)容(rong)哪(na)種大？）；（2）相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，吸熱(re)(re)后(hou)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)快（或沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)(re)容(rong)比海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)小(xiao)）； （3）如：盛夏(xia)內陸很(hen)熱(re)(re)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)邊(bian)卻很(hen)涼爽。 25 （1）4.2×106J （2）0.7kg

篇7

1.一次龍卷風發(fa)生時，屋外氣壓急(ji)劇降到90kpa;當時門窗緊閉，可以認為(wei)室內(nei)氣壓是標準大氣壓，粗略取(qu)作(zuo)100kpa。若室內(nei)屋頂面積為(wei)100m2，這是屋頂所受到的(de)內(nei)外壓力差可達 n，足以被掀(xian)飛。

2.一小球所受的(de)重力(li)為5n，體積為0.5×10-3m3。將(jiang)它浸沒在水中時，所受的(de)浮(fu)力(li)大小為 n(取g=10n/kg)，浮(fu)力(li)的(de)方向(xiang)是 。放(fang)開手后(hou)，小球將(jiang) (填“上浮(fu)”、“下沉”或(huo)“懸浮(fu)”)。

3.輪船(chuan)進(jin)港卸(xie)下(xia)貨物(wu)(wu)后(hou)吃水深度減少0.4m,如果輪船(chuan)在水平(ping)方向上的(de)平(ping)均截面積約為(wei)500m2，那么，卸(xie)下(xia)貨物(wu)(wu)的(de)質量大約是______ 。

4.在(zai)盛有(you)水的缸中放人(ren)一個(ge)質量是500g，密度為2.5×103kg/m3的實心小球，當小球靜止不(bu)動(dong)時，它受(shou)到的浮(fu)力是 n, 此時球所受(shou)重力和浮(fu)力的合力是 n。(g=10n/kg)

5.一個浸(jin)沒在(zai)水中的立(li)方(fang)體，上表(biao)面受水的壓力為18.7n，下表(biao)面受水的壓力為22.7n，立(li)方(fang)體的體積是 cm3。

6.酒(jiu)面上(shang)浮一個木塊(kuai)，往酒(jiu)精中倒入一些(xie)水(shui)，木塊(kuai)受到浮力 (填(tian)“變大”“變小”“不變”)。

7.質量相同的(de)(de)木塊(kuai)(kuai)和冰塊(kuai)(kuai)，都(dou)漂(piao)浮在水面(mian)上，木塊(kuai)(kuai)受到的(de)(de)浮力 冰塊(kuai)(kuai)受到的(de)(de)浮力(填“大于(yu)”“小于(yu)”“等于(yu)”)。

篇8

第Ⅰ卷(juan)(juan)（選(xuan)(xuan)擇題(ti)(ti)(ti) 共(gong)(gong)39分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)）一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、單(dan)選(xuan)(xuan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)(ben)大(da)(da)(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)30分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)項中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只(zhi)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。選(xuan)(xuan)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，選(xuan)(xuan)錯或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)零(ling)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)）1、下(xia)(xia)(xia)列(lie)事(shi)件中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),能(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)明(ming)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)停地做(zuo)無(wu)規則(ze)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ）A 、掃(sao)地時(shi)(shi)，灰塵四(si)(si)(si)起 B、 花(hua)開(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)，花(hua)香滿園 C 、下(xia)(xia)(xia)雪時(shi)(shi)，雪花(hua)飄飄 D、 刮風(feng)時(shi)(shi)，黃沙撲面 2、下(xia)(xia)(xia)列(lie)說法(fa)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A、物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，內(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)增(zeng)加 B、 物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)吸收熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao) C、物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吸收了(le)(le)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang) D、 物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)增(zeng)加，溫(wen)度(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)3、下(xia)(xia)(xia)列(lie)敘(xu)述中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通過(guo)(guo)做(zuo)功來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A、用鋸鋸木頭，木頭和(he)(he)鋸條都(dou)(dou)變(bian)(bian)熱(re)(re)(re) B、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根鐵絲(si)反(fan)復彎折，彎折處(chu)會熱(re)(re)(re)得(de)燙手 C、冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)用暖(nuan)(nuan)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)取暖(nuan)(nuan) D、流(liu)(liu)星進入大(da)(da)(da)(da)氣層由于(yu)摩擦(ca)而發(fa)光發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re) 4、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)瓶煤(mei)油用掉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban)后(hou)(hou)，剩下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)油（ ） A、比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)容和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)值不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，密(mi)度(du)(du)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban) B、密(mi)度(du)(du)、比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)容和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)(re)值都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian) C、熱(re)(re)(re)值和(he)(he)密(mi)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)容變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban) D、密(mi)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)容不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，熱(re)(re)(re)值變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban) 5、要(yao)用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)同時(shi)(shi)控制兩(liang)(liang)盞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，則(ze)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)盞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ）A、只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)串聯(lian)(lian) B、只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian) C、串聯(lian)(lian)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行 D、可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)串聯(lian)(lian)或(huo)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)6、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)S閉合(he)(he)(he)后(hou)(hou)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L1、L2都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） 7、下(xia)(xia)(xia)列(lie)圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，與左側實物(wu)(wu)圖(tu)相(xiang)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A． B． C．　 　D．8、某(mou)(mou)四(si)(si)(si)沖程(cheng)(cheng)汽(qi)油機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1500R／min，那(nei)么1min里(li)，該(gai)汽(qi)油機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖程(cheng)(cheng)數和(he)(he)燃(ran)氣做(zuo)功次(ci)數分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ）A、3000個(ge)(ge)(ge)，6000次(ci) B、6000個(ge)(ge)(ge)，3000個(ge)(ge)(ge) C、3000個(ge)(ge)(ge)，750次(ci) D、750個(ge)(ge)(ge)，3000次(ci)9、某(mou)(mou)機(ji)要(yao)室大(da)(da)(da)(da)門需接(jie)(jie)(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)后(hou)(hou)，方可(ke)(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)門打(da)開(kai)(kai)，控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)把鑰匙分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)由兩(liang)(liang)名工(gong)作(zuo)人員保管，單(dan)把鑰匙無(wu)法(fa)打(da)開(kai)(kai)。圖(tu)3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） 10．在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)如(ru)(ru)右圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍵(jian)K閉合(he)(he)(he)時(shi)(shi)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1、L2均(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)。某(mou)(mou)同學用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根導(dao)線(xian)去查(cha)找(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)。他將(jiang)(jiang)導(dao)線(xian)先(xian)并(bing)接(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2亮(liang)(liang)(liang)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)，然后(hou)(hou)并(bing)接(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)(liang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)均(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)。由此(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)判斷( )A、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) B、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) C、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) D、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) 　 二、多(duo)(duo)項選(xuan)(xuan)擇題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)(ben)大(da)(da)(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)9分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)所(suo)(suo)(suo)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)選(xuan)(xuan)項中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。全部選(xuan)(xuan)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)3分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，選(xuan)(xuan)對但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)1分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)選(xuan)(xuan)或(huo)錯選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)零(ling)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)）11、水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)容較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，人們往往利用它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特性，為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活服務(wu)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)列(lie)事(shi)例中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特性有關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （ ） A、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河流(liu)(liu)上(shang)建水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，用水(shui)(shui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) B、冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)，讓熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)暖(nuan)(nuan)氣片來(lai)取暖(nuan)(nuan) C、冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)，北方菜(cai)窖(jiao)里(li)放(fang)(fang)幾桶水(shui)(shui)，以(yi)(yi)防窖(jiao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)被凍壞(huai)(huai) D、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠用循環流(liu)(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)冷卻(que)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji) 12、如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L1和(he)(he)L2均(jun)(jun)正(zheng)常發(fa)光，則(ze)下(xia)(xia)(xia)列(lie)說法(fa)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A．L1和(he)(he)L2串聯(lian)(lian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) B．L1和(he)(he)L2并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) C．甲是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)，乙是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao) D．甲是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)，乙是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)13、如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)5V，且(qie)保持(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1 、 L2正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2．5V,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)紅同學選(xuan)(xuan)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，閉合(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)S后(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)指針(zhen)幾乎未(wei)動(dong)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)指針(zhen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)約指在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5V位(wei)置，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1 、L2不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)光，由此(ci)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)紅分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)壞(huai)(huai)了(le)(le)或(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)而實際未(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) B．從(cong)(cong)a、L1到(dao)(dao)b部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)(mou)處(chu)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) C．燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L2燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)絲(si)燒斷或(huo)與燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)座接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang) D．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1、L2都(dou)(dou)壞(huai)(huai)了(le)(le) 第Ⅱ卷(juan)(juan)（非選(xuan)(xuan)擇題(ti)(ti)(ti) 共(gong)(gong)61分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)）三、填空題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)(ben)大(da)(da)(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)4分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)24分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)）15、將(jiang)(jiang)煤(mei)堆放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)墻(qiang)角(jiao)處(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)涂(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)墻(qiang)角(jiao)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石灰變(bian)(bian)黑(hei)了(le)(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) _____現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，它說明(ming)了(le)(le)固體(ti)(ti)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)________________________________________ 。16、“花(hua)氣襲人知驟暖(nuan)(nuan),鵲聲穿(chuan)樹喜新晴”,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南宋詩人陸游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《村(cun)居書喜》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)句詩,對于(yu)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句,從(cong)(cong)物(wu)(wu)理學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)理解(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei):花(hua)朵分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)泌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芳(fang)香油分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子________加快,說明(ming)當時(shi)(shi)周邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣溫(wen)突(tu)然__________. 17、火(huo)柴(chai)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)擦(ca)燃(ran)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)火(huo)上(shang)點燃(ran)，前者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用_________的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)使火(huo)柴(chai)燃(ran)燒，后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用_________的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)使火(huo)柴(chai)燃(ran)燒，兩(liang)(liang)種方法(fa)都(dou)(dou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)改變(bian)(bian)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。18、汽(qi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)值是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)4.6×107 J/ kg,完全燃(ran)燒210g汽(qi)油能(neng)(neng)(neng)放(fang)(fang)出______J的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)；若這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)全部被水(shui)(shui)吸收，可(ke)(ke)(ke)使______ kg 水(shui)(shui)，從(cong)(cong)20℃升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)43℃（水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)容為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.2×103 J/(kg•℃) ）。19、內(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)作(zuo)循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)沖程(cheng)(cheng)，右圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)____ 沖程(cheng)(cheng)；它將(jiang)(jiang)______能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化成(cheng)機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)．20、如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)，閉合(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)S后(hou)(hou)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L發(fa)光，現(xian)(xian)(xian)把滑動(dong)變(bian)(bian)阻器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑片P向a端(duan)移(yi)動(dong)，則(ze)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)度(du)(du)_________（變(bian)(bian)暗、變(bian)(bian)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)）；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)示(shi)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化情況是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)_________（變(bian)(bian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、變(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)）。 四(si)(si)(si)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)題(ti)(ti)(ti)（本(ben)(ben)大(da)(da)(da)(da)題(ti)(ti)(ti)共(gong)(gong)6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，共(gong)(gong)37分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)）解(jie)題(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求有必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)說明(ming)，計算題(ti)(ti)(ti)還(huan)要(yao)有公(gong)式及數據帶入過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，結果(guo)要(yao)有數值和(he)(he)單(dan)位(wei)。 21、某(mou)(mou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學為(wei)(wei)(wei)學生(sheng)供應開(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)，用鍋(guo)爐(lu)將(jiang)(jiang)200 kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)從(cong)(cong)25℃加熱(re)(re)(re)到(dao)(dao)100℃，燃(ran)燒了(le)(le)6 kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)煙煤(mei)。無(wu)煙煤(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)值是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)3.4×l 0 7 J／kg。求：(1) 鍋(guo)爐(lu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)吸收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)少? (2) 無(wu)煙煤(mei)完全燃(ran)燒放(fang)(fang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)少?(3) 此(ci)鍋(guo)爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)少

22、根據下圖所(suo)示(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖，用筆畫線代替導線，連接實物電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu) (要(yao)求導線不能(neng)交(jiao)叉) 23、在探究串(chuan)、并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)規律(lv)的(de)(de)實驗里，王(wang)海小組同學(xue)進行了如(ru)下操作：（1）①把兩個標(biao)有“2.5V 0.3A”的(de)(de)小燈(deng)泡(pao)L1和L2串(chuan)聯起來接到電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，使燈(deng)泡(pao)發光（如(ru)圖l所(suo)示(shi)）．②分(fen)三次(ci)接人電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表，分(fen)別測量AB之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)、BC之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)、AC之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)并(bing)(bing)(bing)記入(ru)表一(yi)．（2）①把上(shang)(shang)(shang)述兩個燈(deng)泡(pao)改接成并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯后，接到另一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，使燈(deng)泡(pao)發光（如(ru)圖2所(suo)示(shi)）． ②分(fen)三次(ci)接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表，分(fen)別測量A、B、C三點的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)記入(ru)表二．

表一 UAB UBC UAC電壓（V） 2.45 2.50 2.60表二 IA IB IC電流（A） 0.30 0.29 0.58請(qing)你評估：（1）表一的測(ce)量(liang)結果(guo)有一個是(shi)錯(cuo)誤的，錯(cuo)誤的是(shi) ，判斷的依據是(shi) （2）表二的測(ce)量(liang)結果(guo)是(shi)否可能？談(tan)談(tan)你的觀(guan)點。

（3）你認為王(wang)海小組(zu)同學(xue)用兩個相同的小燈(deng)泡做這個探究實驗科學(xue)嗎？如果是你做，你還(huan)會(hui)怎樣設計(ji)實驗呢？

24、小(xiao)明(ming)在(zai)烈日(ri)當空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)玩(wan)耍，發現(xian)(xian)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)燙(tang)腳，而海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卻(que)很涼。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)樣(yang)，太(tai)陽光照射，為(wei)(wei)什(shen)么會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)呢？小(xiao)明(ming)想(xiang)：是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen)快慢不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呢？于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他從海(hai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)取一(yi)些沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)帶回家進(jin)行探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)。小(xiao)明(ming)在(zai)兩個(ge)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃杯中(zhong)分別(bie)裝(zhuang)上了(le)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，用一(yi)個(ge)100W的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白熾燈(deng)(deng)(deng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時照射它們，并用溫(wen)度計測出它們不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度值。記錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據如(ru)下表(biao)所示。照射時間/min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12溫(wen)度/℃ 海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 31．0 31．6 32．1 32．5 32．8 33．0 33．1 沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi) 31．0 32．5 33．8 34．8 35．8 36 36．3（1）小(xiao)明(ming)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理問題(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么？ （2）分析(xi)小(xiao)明(ming)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)收集到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據，你可以得(de)出什(shen)么探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)結論(lun)？ （3）小(xiao)明(ming)發現(xian)(xian)“夏天海(hai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)燙(tang)腳而海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)卻(que)很涼”，請你用簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)語言從日(ri)常生活中(zhong)或(huo)(huo)自然中(zhong)舉出一(yi)個(ge)類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象 25、某同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)學家新安裝(zhuang)了(le)一(yi)臺容積為(wei)(wei)50kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽能熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器，加(jia)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)，經過4h陽光的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照射，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)有(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20℃升(sheng)高到40℃。則(ze)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)4h內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)吸(xi)(xi)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多少？若這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些熱(re)(re)(re)量由效率為(wei)(wei)20％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火爐燃燒焦(jiao)炭來提供，則(ze)需(xu)要燃燒多少千克焦(jiao)炭？（C水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)＝4.2×103J/(kg•℃)；q焦(jiao)炭＝3.0×107J/kg） 答案(an)1 B 2A 3C 4B 5D 6D 7C 8C 9A 10 A 11、BCD 12、 BC 13、ACD15擴撒 不(bu)停的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)(zuo)無(wu)規則(ze)運動(dong) 16 無(wu)規則(ze)運動(dong) 升(sheng)高 17 做(zuo)(zuo)功(gong) 熱(re)(re)(re)傳遞(di) 18、 9.66×109 105 19、 做(zuo)(zuo)功(gong) 內(nei)(nei)能 20 變亮 變大(da)(da)21、（1）6.3×107 （2）20.4×107 （3）30.88%22、略 23答案(an) （1）兩個(ge)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓應該(gai)(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)準(zhun)確(que)，UAC跟UAB與(yu)UAC之和相(xiang)等，實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)誤(wu)(wu)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)會(hui)相(xiang)差很懸殊(shu)．錯誤(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)UAC，判斷(duan)依據是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)UAC跟UAB與(yu)UAC之和相(xiang)差太(tai)大(da)(da)．故答案(an)為(wei)(wei)：UAC；因(yin)為(wei)(wei)UAC跟UAB與(yu)UBC之和相(xiang)差太(tai)大(da)(da)．（2）兩個(ge)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，兩個(ge)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流應該(gai)(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)．如(ru)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)準(zhun)確(que)，IC=IA+IB．實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)誤(wu)(wu)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)A點和B點電(dian)流之和接(jie)近C點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流，在(zai)誤(wu)(wu)差范圍內(nei)(nei)，符(fu)合(he)并聯(lian)電(dian)路干路電(dian)流等于(yu)各(ge)支路電(dian)流之和的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)．（3）該(gai)(gai)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)學用兩個(ge)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)(pao)做(zuo)(zuo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)數據帶有(you)特別(bie)性(xing)(xing)，結論(lun)會(hui)有(you)一(yi)定偶然性(xing)(xing)，不(bu)能具有(you)普遍性(xing)(xing)；24、（1）相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，哪種吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)后(hou)(hou)升(sheng)溫(wen)快（或(huo)(huo)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)(re)(re)容哪種大(da)(da)？）；（2）相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)后(hou)(hou)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)升(sheng)溫(wen)快（或(huo)(huo)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)(re)(re)容比海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)小(xiao)）； （3）如(ru)：盛夏內(nei)(nei)陸很熱(re)(re)(re)，海(hai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)卻(que)很涼爽(shuang)。 25 （1）4.2×106J （2）0.7kg

篇9

1、下(xia)(xia)列(lie)情況(kuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)屬(shu)于防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)危害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)（） A．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)蓋有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)孔 B．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)箱內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)風扇 C．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)殼(ke)有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)片 D．家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，隔(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間應(ying)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次2、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)S，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)L1兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)(shi)（）3、白(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)絲斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)把斷(duan)頭(tou)搭接(jie)起來繼續使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)絲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（）A．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao) B．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da) C．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)都(dou)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da) D．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)都(dou)減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)4、帶(dai)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)靠近(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)輕(qing)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)球(qiu)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)球(qiu)被吸引過(guo)來，則(ze)這個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)球(qiu)（）A．一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)帶(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) B．一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)帶(dai)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) C．可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)帶(dai)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) D．可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)帶(dai)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)5、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)有(you)(you)(you)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)，過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)發現(xian)(xian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)明顯變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)明顯變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)大(da)．下(xia)(xia)列(lie)判(pan)斷(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)（）A．可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L斷(duan)路(lu) B．一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L短路(lu) C．可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)R斷(duan)路(lu) D．一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)R的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)片向左(zuo)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong) 6、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)明將額定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)220V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甲、乙(yi)二(er)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)串聯(lian)(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)220V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)上，閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，甲燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)發光，乙(yi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)不(bu)(bu)發光，則(ze)（） A．乙(yi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)絲斷(duan)了 B．乙(yi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)太小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao) C．乙(yi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)太大(da) D．乙(yi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)太大(da) 7、標有(you)(you)(you)“2V 1W”字樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)和(he)(he)標有(you)(you)(you)“20Ω 1A”字樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，連接(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)7所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)．已知電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)6V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“0～0.6A”，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“0～3V”．閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，移動(dong)(dong)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)滑(hua)(hua)片，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)范(fan)圍是(shi)(shi)（）A．0.25A～0.5A，1V～2V B．0.25A～0.6A，1V～2V C．0.3A～0.5A，1V～1.5V D．0.25A～0.5A，1.5V～2V 8、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)習了內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)守(shou)恒(heng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，同(tong)學(xue)們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起梳理知識時(shi)(shi)(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)了以(yi)下(xia)(xia)想法，你(ni)認為(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)（）A．做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng) B．熱(re)(re)(re)(re)傳遞改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互相(xiang)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua) C．在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)各種形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)相(xiang)互轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua) D．能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)移和(he)(he)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)(zong)會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)損耗，但能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)總(zong)(zong)保持不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)9、根據(ju)歐姆定(ding)(ding)(ding)律(lv)公式(shi)I=U/ R ，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形得到R=U /I ．對此，下(xia)(xia)列(lie)說法中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)（）A．流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)越大(da)，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)越小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao) B．某(mou)段(duan)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)0時(shi)(shi)(shi)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)0 C．導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)跟通(tong)過(guo)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)等(deng)于這段(duan)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu) D．導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)跟導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)比(bi)，跟通(tong)過(guo)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)成(cheng)反比(bi)10、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)別給質量(liang)(liang)(liang)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)某(mou)種液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)1min記錄一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，如(ru)(ru)表(biao)(biao)(biao)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，則(ze)該液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)（） 加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間/min 0 1 2水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)/℃ 20 26 32液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)/℃ 20 34 48A．0.9×103J/（kg•℃） B．1.8×103J/（kg•℃） C．3.6×103J/（kg•℃） D．1.2×103J/（kg•℃） 11、關(guan)(guan)(guan)于溫度(du)(du)(du)、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，下(xia)(xia)列(lie)說法中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)（）A．溫度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)比(bi)溫度(du)(du)(du)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da) B．溫度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)比(bi)溫度(du)(du)(du)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)多(duo) C．物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)減少 D．物體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)從外(wai)界吸收(shou)(shou)了熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)注意：第12～14題(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每(mei)題(ti)至少有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)選項正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)。12、圖(tu)(tu)(tu)是(shi)(shi)四沖程(cheng)汽(qi)油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)沖程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意圖(tu)(tu)(tu)。汽(qi)油(you)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)產生(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)推動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)向下(xia)(xia)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)向下(xia)(xia)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，汽(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（ ）A．內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減少 B．溫度(du)(du)(du)降(jiang)低 C．密度(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da) D．分(fen)(fen)子(zi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)加快 13、如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保持不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，當(dang)(dang)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)片P從a向b滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設(she)(she)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)工作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。下(xia)(xia)列(lie)說法正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)( )A．L1燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)亮 B．L2燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)暗 C．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao) D．滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)大(da)14、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)裝入(ru)適量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，試(shi)(shi)管(guan)口(kou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)子(zi)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)住(zhu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)酒精燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)對試(shi)(shi)管(guan)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，塞(sai)(sai)(sai)子(zi)沖出(chu)去了，則(ze)（ ）A、加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)酒精的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全部轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)B、塞(sai)(sai)(sai)子(zi)沖出(chu)前，試(shi)(shi)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)C、塞(sai)(sai)(sai)子(zi)沖出(chu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，試(shi)(shi)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)溫度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)D、塞(sai)(sai)(sai)子(zi)沖出(chu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，塞(sai)(sai)(sai)子(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)由試(shi)(shi)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)X 二(er)、填空(kong)題(ti)(本(ben)題(ti)共10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)，15～22題(ti)每(mei)題(ti)2分(fen)(fen)，23、24題(ti)每(mei)題(ti)3分(fen)(fen)，共22分(fen)(fen))15、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)關(guan)(guan)(guan)于熱(re)(re)(re)(re)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例子(zi)．烤(kao)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山芋香(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)撲鼻，該現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)明 ： 兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)底面(mian)平整、干凈(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛柱壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)會(hui)粘在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起，需要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)力才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將它(ta)們拉開(kai)(kai)，該實(shi)驗表(biao)(biao)(biao)明 ： 。16、有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R1=2Ω，R2=3Ω，若把它(ta)們串聯(lian)(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，總(zong)(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi) _____Ω，R1和(he)(he)R2兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之比(bi)U1：U2= _____．17、某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)盤(pan)上標有(you)(you)(you)"3000r／kW•h”，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)手表(biao)(biao)(biao)來測算某(mou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，發現(xian)(xian)轉(zhuan)盤(pan)轉(zhuan)15轉(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了3min，則(ze)這只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)是(shi)(shi)______W。若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)60W的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)，則(ze)工作(zuo) h電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)(biao)轉(zhuan)盤(pan)轉(zhuan)過(guo)20轉(zhuan)。18、如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)18所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)L1、L2兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分(fen)(fen)別是(shi)(shi)R1、R2．當(dang)(dang)S1、S3閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合，S2開(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，L1、L2正(zheng)(zheng)常發光．當(dang)(dang)S1、S3斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)，S2閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合時(shi)(shi)(shi)，L1、L2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi) ，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)此時(shi)(shi)(shi)L1亮、L2不(bu)(bu)亮，則(ze)L1、L2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)滿(man)足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)是(shi)(shi) 。 19、海(hai)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晝夜(ye)溫差比(bi)沙(sha)漠地帶(dai)要(yao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)得多(duo)，這主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) ，比(bi)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緣故，相(xiang)同(tong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與沙(sha)石吸收(shou)(shou)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)， 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少．20、普通(tong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械是(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)．從能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)來看，內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)把內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei) 能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)．內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)較低，它(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，總(zong)(zong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)半以(yi) 能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)散失掉。21、燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)6V，通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)驗測得其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曲線如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)21．由圖(tu)(tu)(tu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)知，當(dang)(dang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L正(zheng)(zheng)常發光時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi) Ω；當(dang)(dang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)3V時(shi)(shi)(shi)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)泡(pao)(pao)L消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)為(wei)(wei) W． 22、如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，當(dang)(dang)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)觸頭(tou)P向D端(duan)(duan)移動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu) ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu) ．（填“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)大(da)”、“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)”或“不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”）． 23、開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)S閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)L1和(he)(he)L2都(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發光，請在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)8電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓圈內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)填上適當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)(biao)）。24、根據(ju)實(shi)物圖(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)右邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)框內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)畫出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu) 三(san)、計(ji)算題(ti)(本(ben)題(ti)共3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題(ti)，共18分(fen)(fen))25、 （5分(fen)(fen)）用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)煤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)灶(zao)燒(shao)(shao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，把2kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)從25℃加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)到75℃，燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)了0.03m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。設(she)(she)煤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)完全燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)4.2×103J/(kg•℃) ,煤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)值(zhi)約為(wei)(wei)4．0×107J/m3。試(shi)(shi)求：（1）水(shui)(shui)(shui)吸收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)少？（2）煤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)灶(zao)燒(shao)(shao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)少？26、（6分(fen)(fen)）如(ru)(ru)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)26所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保持不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R1=5Ω，R2=15Ω。(1)若開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)Sl、S2都(dou)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)0.2A，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)多(duo)少？ (2)若開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)Sl、S2都(dou)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)合時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)0.9A，則(ze)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)？

圖26

27、（7分(fen)(fen)(fen)）圖(tu)8是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)飯(fan)鍋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖(tu)。S1、S2都閉(bi)合時是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加熱(re)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，總功(gong)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)800W；只(zhi)閉(bi)合S2時是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保溫狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，R2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1100Ω。家庭(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)220V。試(shi)求： (1)保溫狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)時，R2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)?(2)加熱(re)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)時，總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)?R1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)? (計(ji)算結(jie)果保留小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)數點后兩(liang)位(wei)(wei))(3)加熱(re)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)飯(fan)鍋工作30 min，消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)?四、簡(jian)答題(本(ben)題共(gong)(gong)2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題，每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題3分(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)6分(fen)(fen)(fen))28、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)剛(gang)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)絲(si)斷了(le)，他爸爸將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)絲(si)接(jie)上(shang)(shang)后繼續使用(yong)，在(zai)使用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)剛(gang)發(fa)現接(jie)頭處被燒焦了(le)。(1)請(qing)你(ni)判斷小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)剛(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爸爸是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)10、11中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哪種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)法？為(wei)(wei)(wei)什么？(2)在(zai)家庭(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)，除接(jie)線(xian)(xian)外(wai)(wai)還有(you)哪些地方(fang)(fang)與(yu)上(shang)(shang)述現象(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)似之(zhi)處？請(qing)你(ni)列(lie)舉出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)例。 29、冰(bing)(bing)壺，又(you)稱擲冰(bing)(bing)壺、冰(bing)(bing)上(shang)(shang)溜石(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以隊為(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)在(zai)冰(bing)(bing)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)投(tou)擲性競賽(sai)(sai)項目，2011年女子(zi)冰(bing)(bing)壺世錦賽(sai)(sai)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)國隊險勝丹麥隊奪得銅牌．如(ru)圖(tu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個場(chang)景，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名隊員擲球時，由(you)兩(liang)名本(ben)方(fang)(fang)隊員手持毛刷在(zai)冰(bing)(bing)壺滑行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前方(fang)(fang)快速左(zuo)右(you)擦刷冰(bing)(bing)面，以改(gai)變(bian)冰(bing)(bing)壺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑行(xing)方(fang)(fang)向和(he)速度(du)，使冰(bing)(bing)壺能(neng)(neng)(neng)準確(que)到(dao)達營壘(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心，請(qing)說明(ming)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因．五、綜合題(本(ben)題共(gong)(gong)4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題，每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)題5分(fen)(fen)(fen)，共(gong)(gong)16分(fen)(fen)(fen)) 30、（5分(fen)(fen)(fen)）某小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)學做(zuo)“比(bi)較(jiao)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，他們使用(yong)了(le)如(ru)圖(tu)所示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置．（1）在(zai)設(she)計(ji)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)案時，需要確(que)定以下控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)量(liang)，你(ni)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（ ） A．采用(yong)完全(quan)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱(re)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)B．酒精燈(deng)里所加酒精量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)C．取相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水和(he)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)液體D．盛放水和(he)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)液體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（2）加熱(re)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定時刻，水開(kai)(kai)始沸騰，此時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)如(ru)圖(tu)丙所示(shi)，則水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沸點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 這表(biao)明(ming)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang) （選填(tian)“大(da)于(yu)”、“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)”或“等于(yu)”）一(yi)(yi)(yi)個標(biao)準大(da)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)．（3）而另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)液體相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)時刻并沒有(you)沸騰，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溫度(du)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)數比(bi)水溫要高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)．請(qing)你(ni)就此現象(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析，本(ben)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)步結(jie)論為(wei)(wei)(wei)：不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力 選填(tian)“相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”或“不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”）．（4）本(ben)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)除了(le)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠說明(ming)上(shang)(shang)述問題之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠說明(ming)許多(duo)問題，請(qing)你(ni)寫出(chu)(chu)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個問題： 。31、（5分(fen)(fen)(fen)）馬虎同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)學測量(liang)2.5V小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)燈(deng)泡(pao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)時，連(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如(ru)圖(tu)32：(1)老(lao)師檢查其所接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，發(fa)現有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)根導(dao)線(xian)(xian)連(lian)接(jie)錯誤，請(qing)你(ni)在(zai)連(lian)接(jie)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)打(da)“×”。若不改(gai)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，閉(bi)合開(kai)(kai)關，燈(deng)泡(pao)將 ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)會出(chu)(chu)現 （兩(liang)空(kong)均填(tian)觀察(cha)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)(xiang)）.在(zai)圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)補畫出(chu)(chu)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)線(xian)(xian).實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)次(ci)數 1 2 3電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)U/V 2.0 2.5 2.8電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流I/A 0.20 0.24 0.25

(2)馬虎同學改正錯誤后，按(an)正確的(de)操作(zuo)測得的(de)數據如上表(biao)：則從表(biao)中計算出三(san)次小燈泡的(de)電阻不(bu)相等，你認為導致本結(jie)果的(de)原因可能是

篇10

物理教(jiao)師九年(nian)級上(shang)學期工(gong)作計劃(hua)

一、教學目標

初二(er)物理第一(yi)學(xue)(xue)期(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要任務(wu)有(you)(you)五單元的(de)內容，分別介紹聲音、光、物態變(bian)化、電路四個方面的(de)內容。教(jiao)材改(gai)革以(yi)后，目標重在培養學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)物理的(de)興(xing)趣，啟發(fa)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)思維、培養學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)習的(de)積極性和主(zhu)動性。物理與社會(hui)怎息息相關，要使(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)將所學(xue)(xue)知識運用到實際(ji)。除了知識的(de)傳授，還(huan)要對(dui)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)行思想品德。本學(xue)(xue)期(qi)(qi)初二(er)物理的(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)力(li)爭平均(jun)分、優良率、及格率和各項排名都有(you)(you)所提高(gao)。

二、教材分析

新教(jiao)材(cai)主要(yao)是(shi)要(yao)求學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)知識的(de)理(li)(li)解與(yu)運用，尤(you)其要(yao)求學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)將知識與(yu)社會相聯(lian)(lian)系，因為新教(jiao)材(cai)增添了(le)一個重要(yao)的(de)知識點(dian)，就(jiu)是(shi)“科學(xue)、技術、社會”，目的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)手動(dong)腦學(xue)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)，理(li)(li)解物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)并應用物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)。而新教(jiao)材(cai)不設(she)習(xi)題，也(ye)說明了(le)新教(jiao)材(cai)對(dui)培(pei)(pei)養學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)新的(de)要(yao)求。學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)只需理(li)(li)解了(le)所學(xue)的(de)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)知識，然(ran)后與(yu)身(shen)邊(bian)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)相聯(lian)(lian)系，學(xue)會理(li)(li)解和(he)分(fen)析身(shen)邊(bian)一些常見的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。教(jiao)學(xue)過程中關(guan)鍵是(shi)培(pei)(pei)養學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)習(xi)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)的(de)興趣(qu)。

三、班級情況分析

xx班(ban)的(de)學(xue)生(sheng)上課(ke)紀(ji)律良好(hao)，但(dan)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)理(li)解(jie)能力不夠強，學(xue)生(sheng)在課(ke)堂上表現不夠活(huo)躍，回答問題不夠積極(ji)。

xx班(ban)的(de)學生(sheng)上課紀律好，且學生(sheng)比較(jiao)活躍，對新教材(cai)比較(jiao)能適應，但也欠缺學習的(de)主動性。

總的來(lai)講，學(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)習的積極(ji)性(xing)的主(zhu)動性(xing)都有(you)待加(jia)強，需要對(dui)學(xue)生(sheng)進行思想工(gong)作。

四、具體措施

（一(yi)）、做好教育常(chang)規工作。

1、認(ren)真(zhen)鉆(zhan)研教(jiao)材(cai)、教(jiao)參，認(ren)真(zhen)備課，上好第一堂課，認(ren)真(zhen)批改作業，鼓勵學生(sheng)提問，耐(nai)心給學生(sheng)講解。認(ren)真(zhen)做好備課、上課、課后總結的工作。

2、積(ji)極參加教(jiao)研活動，吸取物理科有經驗教(jiao)師的教(jiao)法，多向他們(men)提出問題，嘗試找到更好更適應學生的教(jiao)學方(fang)法。

3、加(jia)強閱讀，多些了(le)解(jie)新(xin)聞、新(xin)科技(ji)，在教(jiao)學過程當中與學生(sheng)分享，提高學生(sheng)學習物理的興趣。

4、優化課堂教學(xue)(xue)，嚴(yan)抓(zhua)紀律，積極(ji)開展物理實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，也多(duo)些實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)演示，激發學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的求知欲，令(ling)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)勇于討論，多(duo)思考(kao)，多(duo)觀察，多(duo)動(dong)手。

（二）、基礎知識教學。

1、新教材要求學生掌握的(de)基礎知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)點不多，所(suo)以在課堂上對(dui)于知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)的(de)講解(jie)更著(zhu)重于將知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)用于現象的(de)分析和理解(jie)當(dang)中。

2、將各知識點歸納、總結(jie)和(he)分析，每講完一(yi)章(zhang)書都進行測試(shi)，讓(rang)學生更(geng)容(rong)易理解和(he)接受(shou)教學的內容(rong)。

3、充分調動學生(sheng)學習的積極性，積極參與(yu)課(ke)堂教(jiao)學，提高教(jiao)學效果(guo)。

（三）、教(jiao)學實驗(yan)。

1、課堂實驗演示(shi)。

課(ke)(ke)前準(zhun)備好實驗用具，并先作實驗演示(shi)，看檢查實驗的可行性(xing)，保(bao)證課(ke)(ke)堂上實驗成功。

2、學生實驗。

課前將實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)要求同學生(sheng)講清楚，讓(rang)學生(sheng)明白實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，并順利地進(jin)行實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。培養(yang)學生(sheng)動手、思考、和觀察等能力(li)。實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)后檢查學生(sheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)冊，看學生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)結(jie)果，從中(zhong)發現問題，看學生(sheng)是(shi)否掌握了實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)方法和理解所學知識。

（四）、情感(gan)教育。

教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)中進行道德教(jiao)育、安全教(jiao)育和環(huan)境(jing)教(jiao)育，加強學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)意識(shi)，將所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)知識(shi)與社(she)會實際相聯系(xi)，提高(gao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)思想高(gao)度。首(shou)先(xian)對(dui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)期望(wang)不能過(guo)高(gao)，要(yao)(yao)理解(jie)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)實際能力，盡管老師(shi)(shi)對(dui)重(zhong)的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)細嚼慢咽，重(zhong)點內(nei)容(rong)重(zhong)點過(guo)關(guan)，但學(xue)(xue)(xue)生還是不回去消(xiao)化，因而造成成績的(de)(de)兩極(ji)。要(yao)(yao)解(jie)除這(zhe)種現象(xiang)，應從(cong)三(san)個方面下手(shou)，第(di)(di)一(yi)、國家(jia)要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)初中物理教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)(de)投入，創造良好的(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件來(lai)配合教(jiao)材的(de)(de)改革，第(di)(di)二、教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)教(jiao)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)等薄(bo)弱(ruo)環(huan)節巧(qiao)下工夫；第(di)(di)三(san)、輔助后進生加強知識(shi)的(de)(de)鞏固。

物理教師九年級上學期(qi)工作計劃

在本(ben)(ben)(ben)學(xue)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)教育教學(xue)工作(zuo)，我繼續探索教育教學(xue)規律，有意識(shi)地培養(yang)學(xue)生觀察(cha)、分析、解決(jue)實際問題的(de)(de)能力，讓(rang)學(xue)生在輕松(song)愉(yu)快的(de)(de)氛圍中形成對(dui)書(shu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)知識(shi)的(de)(de)綜合、遷移、拓寬和加深，從而達到預期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)教學(xue)目標(biao)和要(yao)求。對(dui)本(ben)(ben)(ben)學(xue)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)物理教學(xue)作(zuo)出如下(xia)的(de)(de)計劃：

一、做好教研、教改

教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是科任教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，此工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需要(yao)一定的(de)技術水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)，因此有必要(yao)作(zuo)好教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)改和教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。本期主(zhu)要(yao)做(zuo)好平(ping)時積(ji)(ji)極(ji)參加教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研活動，在(zai)集體備(bei)課和教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研活動中同其他老師共同探討，由(you)此提(ti)高自己的(de)專業水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)。積(ji)(ji)極(ji)參與聽課、評課，虛心向其他教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師學習，努力提(ti)高教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

二(er)、加(jia)強對學(xue)生的(de)思(si)想品(pin)德(de)教育，德(de)育教育于課堂教學(xue)中

在物理教(jiao)學過(guo)程中有很(hen)多德育教(jiao)育素材，因此(ci)在教(jiao)學中應(ying)注(zhu)意這(zhe)些素材的(de)使用(yong)，切實(shi)加(jia)強對(dui)學生進行愛國主(zhu)義教(jiao)育、集體主(zhu)義教(jiao)育等(deng)。

三、做(zuo)好后進生(sheng)轉化工作(zuo)

做為一(yi)名教師，應該(gai)要(yao)看到學習的積(ji)極的一(yi)面，對于消極的一(yi)面要(yao)揚長(chang)避短，采取有(you)效措施(shi)努(nu)力提高整個(ge)班級的物理教學成績。

四(si)、教(jiao)學中的方(fang)法措施(shi)

1、在教學中體現“以學生為本”。

在課堂教學(xue)中要有意識(shi)地(di)教給學(xue)生“怎(zen)樣(yang)發現問題”、“怎(zen)樣(yang)提(ti)出(chu)問題”、“怎(zen)樣(yang)研究問題”、“怎(zen)樣(yang)分析問題”、“怎(zen)樣(yang)反思”、“怎(zen)樣(yang)交(jiao)流(liu)”等等。使學(xue)生成為(wei)學(xue)習的主人，而教師則變成學(xue)習的組(zu)織者(zhe)和(he)引導者(zhe)。

2、課堂教學中注(zhu)意(yi)“三基”的訓練。

由于初三的內容相對(dui)初二來說(shuo)較難，因此，在(zai)教學中就更要(yao)突出“三基(ji)”的訓練，要(yao)狠(hen)抓(zhua)基(ji)礎知識(shi)、基(ji)本(ben)技(ji)能(neng)、基(ji)本(ben)方法。要(yao)在(zai)基(ji)礎知識(shi)的訓練基(ji)礎上(shang)，進行(xing)(xing)基(ji)本(ben)技(ji)能(neng)的訓練，進行(xing)(xing)基(ji)本(ben)方法的滲(shen)透(tou)。

對(dui)基(ji)本技能的訓練要貫穿于整個物理教(jiao)學(xue)的全過程，要針對(dui)不同(tong)的學(xue)生進(jin)行不同(tong)的訓練，同(tong)時要幫(bang)助學(xue)生總(zong)結物理學(xue)的基(ji)本研究(jiu)方法，如(ru)：“控制變量法”、“等(deng)效法”、“類比”、“模(mo)型”等(deng)。

3、加強演示和學生實驗。

初中(zhong)物理教學以觀察、實驗為基礎。觀察自然界中(zhong)的物理現象、進(jin)行演示(shi)和(he)(he)學生實驗，能夠使(shi)學生對(dui)物理事實獲(huo)得具體(ti)的明確的認識，觀察和(he)(he)實驗，對(dui)培養(yang)學生的觀察和(he)(he)實驗能力，實事求是的科學態度，引起學習(xi)興趣都有(you)不可替(ti)代的重要作用。因此，教學中(zhong)要加強演示(shi)和(he)(he)學生實驗。

4、重視物理概念和規律的教學。

物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)和(he)規律是物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)知(zhi)識(shi)的核心內容。要培養(yang)學生關注物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)現(xian)象，引導其(qi)從現(xian)象的觀察、分析、實驗(yan)中形成物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)(nian)，學習(xi)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)規律，繼而對規律的發現(xian)

過程產生興趣。初中(zhong)物理中(zhong)的概念和(he)規律，多數是(shi)從物理事實的分(fen)析中(zhong)直接概括(kuo)出來(lai)的，因此在教學(xue)(xue)中(zhong)要注意培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)生的分(fen)析概括(kuo)能力。

初(chu)三的(de)(de)教學緊張而繁雜，在真正的(de)(de)操作中(zhong)爭(zheng)取做到盡心，圓滿。

物理教師九年(nian)級上學期工作計劃

本(ben)人將立足于(yu)行(xing)動研究，務實(shi)求(qiu)真，開拓(tuo)進取地(di)將物理教研、教改、培訓等工作(zuo)做好(hao)，作(zuo)出成效來。

一、工作目標

1、提(ti)升(sheng)課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)氛圍。通過各種(zhong)課(ke)(ke)型的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)來指(zhi)導(dao)和(he)提(ti)高本(ben)人的(de)課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)學(xue)能力，對影響課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)學(xue)的(de)因素進行研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，程度提(ti)高課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)學(xue)效率，積極向本(ben)組學(xue)習如(ru)(ru)何(he)評課(ke)(ke)，如(ru)(ru)何(he)，如(ru)(ru)何(he)鑒別一堂(tang)有(you)效的(de)課(ke)(ke)，并包括如(ru)(ru)何(he)評價檢測課(ke)(ke)堂(tang)教(jiao)學(xue)效率（包括如(ru)(ru)何(he)命題）。

2、進(jin)行(xing)相關培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓工作，更快地(di)提(ti)升(sheng)個人(ren)的(de)教科研(yan)能(neng)力。定期進(jin)行(xing)新課程理(li)念的(de)學習與培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓，突(tu)出案例培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓及(ji)如何進(jin)行(xing)課題研(yan)究的(de)相關培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓。

3、本學期(qi)(qi)(qi)面臨期(qi)(qi)(qi)中考試，如何進行有效(xiao)練習與講(jiang)評(ping)是目前本人重點探究的一(yi)個問題，期(qi)(qi)(qi)望(wang)能探索出適合本組教學的一(yi)些模式。

4、積極參加備課組(zu)活動，結合課題初(chu)步建設物理教學(xue)資(zi)源庫，重點是備課和練習資(zi)源的(de)建設。

二、工作重點

（一）進行相關培(pei)訓工(gong)作，更快(kuai)地提(ti)升本(ben)人(ren)的教(jiao)科研能力。

1、定期進行新課(ke)(ke)程理(li)念(nian)的學習(xi)與培訓(xun)，本學期重點(dian)學習(xi)《物理(li)課(ke)(ke)程標準》、《新課(ke)(ke)程理(li)念(nian)下的有效課(ke)(ke)堂教學策(ce)略》《教師如何做(zuo)課(ke)(ke)題(ti)》等各(ge)類(lei)課(ke)(ke)程改革的材料(liao)，并用這(zhe)些理(li)論(lun)來指導平時的課(ke)(ke)堂教學。

2、加強案例(li)(li)培訓，例(li)(li)如(ru)如(ru)何撰寫教學(xue)、教學(xue)案例(li)(li)、教學(xue)等，如(ru)何進行課題研究的相(xiang)關培訓。

3、積極(ji)參(can)加組內教師間理論學習，參(can)與和其他方面組織(zhi)的論文撰(zhuan)寫工作。

（二）提升(sheng)課(ke)堂研(yan)究(jiu)的氛圍。

通過各種課(ke)型的(de)研(yan)究來(lai)指導(dao)和提(ti)高本人的(de)課(ke)堂教學(xue)(xue)能力(li)，對(dui)影響課(ke)堂教學(xue)(xue)的(de)因素進行研(yan)究，程度(du)提(ti)高課(ke)堂教學(xue)(xue)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，積極與本組教師學(xue)(xue)習探討如(ru)何(he)評課(ke)，如(ru)何(he)，如(ru)何(he)鑒別一(yi)堂有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)課(ke)，并包括如(ru)何(he)評價檢(jian)測課(ke)堂教學(xue)(xue)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率（包括如(ru)何(he)命(ming)題）。

（三）教學資源建設。

積極主動(dong)參加(jia)備課組活動(dong)，結合課題初(chu)步建設物(wu)理(li)教(jiao)學資(zi)(zi)源庫，一方(fang)(fang)面收集物(wu)理(li)學科教(jiao)學的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論與實(shi)踐的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)（包(bao)括典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)案例集，配(pei)套練(lian)習集），另一方(fang)(fang)面整(zheng)理(li)出物(wu)理(li)學科的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學資(zi)(zi)料(liao)（包(bao)括有主題性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)課堂錄像，開發的(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)本(ben)化的(de)(de)(de)課程，富有學校(xiao)自己特點的(de)(de)(de)課堂設計方(fang)(fang)案，特別是備課組所積累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)拓展性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)練(lian)習資(zi)(zi)料(liao)）。

三、具體措施

1、每學期(qi)初制(zhi)定好個人工(gong)作(zuo)計劃，做到目標明(ming)確，職責分(fen)明(ming)，措(cuo)施有效。

2、認真貫(guan)徹(che)好(hao)教學常規，對自己備(bei)課、聽課作(zuo)如下要求：備(bei)課具體要求：

（1）鉆研(yan)，備詳(xiang)案，內容要(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)重點突(tu)出(chu)，難點有化解方(fang)法。重點突(tu)出(chu)教(jiao)師(shi)如何指導學(xue)習(xi)知識(shi)(shi)，學(xue)習(xi)知識(shi)(shi)的(de)方(fang)法，而(er)不是詳(xiang)細的(de)介紹(shao)教(jiao)師(shi)怎樣把知識(shi)(shi)教(jiao)給學(xue)生。

（2）加強(qiang)與本組教師集體備課(ke)，做(zuo)到(dao)“三定”：定時、定內容、定中(zhong)心發(fa)言人，聽課(ke)：主(zhu)動多聽本組教師的課(ke)。

3、認真(zhen)做(zuo)好教(jiao)材分(fen)(fen)析。對教(jiao)材進行深入解讀，分(fen)(fen)析，要從單(dan)元結構分(fen)(fen)析，到每課時的(de)分(fen)(fen)析，并研究有效的(de)教(jiao)學方法。

4、改進本(ben)人(ren)作業(ye)(ye)的(de)批(pi)改方式，要求批(pi)改要保證質量(liang)，對(dui)后進生可(ke)提倡面批(pi)，對(dui)作業(ye)(ye)進行(xing)評(ping)定，針對(dui)性的(de)給(gei)予批(pi)評(ping)和表揚，以此促進學(xue)生。

5、定期參加本(ben)(ben)組教學(xue)情況分析，交流研(yan)討活動，根據每(mei)個(ge)班的(de)學(xue)生特點，成(cheng)績的(de)差異(yi)，找出(chu)每(mei)階段的(de)薄弱環節，有針對性的(de)出(chu)好補償練(lian)(lian)習(xi)，爭取每(mei)章(zhang)知(zhi)識減(jian)少差生面。盡量統一練(lian)(lian)習(xi)。在(zai)每(mei)課(ke)時分析時，針對本(ben)(ben)人所(suo)教學(xue)生配(pei)(pei)備怎樣(yang)的(de)課(ke)堂練(lian)(lian)習(xi)，配(pei)(pei)備怎樣(yang)的(de)課(ke)后練(lian)(lian)習(xi)，要進行認真組合、篩選與變化(hua)。

6、積極參加各種(zhong)形式(shi)的觀摩(mo)課。每學(xue)期上好一節(jie)示范(fan)課或教學(xue)研究課，共同(tong)探(tan)索(suo)提高課堂教學(xue)效(xiao)率的方(fang)法和途徑。