導(dao)語(yu)：如何才能寫好(hao)一篇(pian)土建工程師(shi)，這就需要搜集(ji)整理(li)更多的資料和文(wen)獻，歡迎(ying)閱讀(du)由公務員(yuan)之家(jia)整理(li)的十篇(pian)范文(wen)，供你借鑒。

篇1

學(xue) 歷： 大專 第一外語(yu)： 英語(yu)

住 址：

電子信箱：

求職意向：

目標職位：

工程造價師/預結算，結構/土木/土建工程師，建筑(zhu)工程治理/項目經理

目標行業： 建筑與工(gong)程，房(fang)地產開(kai)發

期望薪資： 面議

期望地區：上海市

到(dao)崗(gang)時(shi)間(jian)： 新崗(gang)位能夠多長時(shi)間(jian)內到(dao)任

工作經歷：

2007/01—現在(zai) xx 公司(si)

所屬行(xing)業：建筑與工程

工程(cheng)部 結構/土(tu)木/土(tu)建工程(cheng)師

主要職責：

1) 對所分管土建單位(wei)和(he)單項工程按建設生產計(ji)劃(hua)的完成負責。

2) 對(dui)所分管土建單位(wei)和(he)單項工程質(zhi)量、進度、投(tou)資(zi)及安全(quan)治(zhi)理合理性(xing)、科學性(xing)、公(gong)正性(xing)、合規(gui)性(xing)、準確性(xing)負責。

3) 對土(tu)建設計變更的(de)合理(li)性(xing)、可行性(xing)、科學(xue)性(xing)和(he)經濟性(xing)負責。

匯報對象：項目(mu)經(jing)理 下屬人數：3

證(zheng) 明 人：周華賓

離職原因：公(gong)司(si)的(de)治理模式(shi)不適應大陸目(mu)前的(de)實際情況

工作(zuo)業績(ji)：協同項目(mu)部(bu)同仁圓滿完成美國3M公司中國曹(cao)河涇工廠(chang)三期(qi)廠(chang)房的建(jian)設任務。

2004/06—2006/12

上海瀛通集團

所(suo)屬行業：房地產開發(fa)

工程部(bu) 土建工程師

主要職責(ze)(ze)：負責(ze)(ze)公司工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)進行基礎、主體結(jie)構、裝飾裝修(xiu)等分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)及(ji)市政、園林等本專業(ye)技術治理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，負責(ze)(ze)對本專業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)進行有效的(de)質量(liang)、進度、投資控(kong)(kong)制、文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)治理(li)、合同(tong)治理(li)、信(xin)息治理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；協同(tong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位根據合同(tong)及(ji)公司總體布置情況編(bian)制施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總進度計劃(hua)，審(shen)查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計，負責(ze)(ze)控(kong)(kong)制土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度，確保土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)進度計劃(hua)的(de)完成(cheng)。

匯(hui)報對象：總經理下屬人數：2

證 明 人：杜文

離(li)職原因：挑戰自己，想(xiang)得(de)到更大的(de)展現空(kong)間。

工(gong)作(zuo)業績：擔(dan)任房(fang)產公司土(tu)建工(gong)程師，負責(ze)上海嘉定區(qu)江(jiang)橋五號地塊“四高”示范居住區(qu)的(de)開發建設工(gong)作(zuo)，本項目被評為市優(you)質工(gong)程！

2003/03—2004/05 南通二建八公司

所屬(shu)行業(ye)：建筑與工(gong)程

工程部(bu) 結構/土木(mu)/土建(jian)工程師(shi)

主要職責：

我(wo)的(de)工作要求我(wo)編制好各(ge)項施工方案(an)、技(ji)術措施、施工交底；并且在工程施工當(dang)中要把握好進度(du)、質量(liang)及安全的(de)平(ping)衡(heng)點(dian)，為企業(ye)創(chuang)造盡可(ke)能多的(de)利潤……

匯報(bao)對象：項目經理 下屬人數：4

證 明(ming) 人：任子葉(xie)

離職原因：企業治理(li)不(bu)符合目前市場經濟的競爭機制(zhi)

工作(zuo)業績：上海虹口(kou)區浦江名邸1號(hao)、3號(hao)樓。

項目經驗：

2007/11—至今 華(hua)東(dong)聯合(he)制罐有限公(gong)司新建廠(chang)辦工程

責任(ren)描述(shu)： 1、對所分管土建單位按建設生產計(ji)劃的完成(cheng)負(fu)責。

2、對所分管(guan)土建單(dan)位的工程質量、進度、投資及安(an)全治理(li)合理(li)性(xing)負責(ze)。

3、對土建設計變更的合(he)理性、可行性和經濟性負責(ze)。

責任(ren)描述：對(dui)所分管土(tu)建單(dan)位或(huo)單(dan)項工程質(zhi)量、進(jin)度、投(tou)資(zi)及安全治理合理性(xing)(xing)(xing)、科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)、公(gong)正性(xing)(xing)(xing)、合規性(xing)(xing)(xing)、準確性(xing)(xing)(xing)負(fu)責；對(dui)土(tu)建設計變更的合理性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)和經濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)負(fu)責。

2004/06—2006/12 上海嘉定區江橋 金鶴新(xin)城

項目描述：本工(gong)程為上海市“四高”小(xiao)區(qu)，共56個(ge)單(dan)體工(gong)程和2個(ge)地下車庫，總(zong)面積13萬(wan)平方。

責任(ren)描(miao)述：根據(ju)合同(tong)的約定、設計圖紙及相關(guan)規(gui)范規(gui)程(cheng)的要求，嚴格監(jian)督土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)施工(gong)質(zhi)量，土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)檢查(cha)驗收，對土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量負完全責任(ren)；解決工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)施工(gong)中的設計、施工(gong)及現場的工(gong)程(cheng)涉外關(guan)系。

2003/03—2004/05 上海虹口區浦江名邸1#、3#樓

項目描述：工(gong)程(cheng)位于上海市虹口區周家嘴路和通州路，共(gong)7個單體、3個車(che)庫；本工(gong)程(cheng)都是(shi)高層建筑，其中6#樓(lou)被評為“白玉蘭(lan)”工(gong)程(cheng)，1#樓(lou)及3#樓(lou)都被評為區優質工(gong)程(cheng)！

責任(ren)描述：本(ben)人(ren)在項目(mu)中擔任(ren)施(shi)工員(yuan)兼預算員(yuan)，主要(yao)工作是負責施(shi)工技術(shu)的(de)設計(ji)，施(shi)工質(zhi)量的(de)控制以及施(shi)工成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)核算！

教育培訓：

2003/05—2003/11

同(tong)濟大學 工程造(zao)價治理 大專

南京工(gong)(gong)業大學 建筑工(gong)(gong)程 大專(zhuan)

2003/05—2003/11

上海同濟(ji)大學(xue) 預算(suan)員(yuan)相關課程上海市預算(suan)員(yuan)證(zheng)

證 書：

2007/05 二(er)級(ji)建造師合格

2005/09 初級(ji)工程師(shi) 江橋5號地塊

2004/05 助理(li)工(gong)程師 浦江名邸(di)3號樓

2003/12 全國建設工程造價員(土建)合(he)格

2003/06 國家施工員證書合格

語言能力： 英語：良好

IT 技 能(neng)： PowerPoint 熟練(lian) 36月

AUTOCAD 熟(shu)練 36月

MS Office 熟練(lian) 48月

Windows XP 熟練(lian) 36月

AdobePhotoshop 一般 24月

SAP 熟練 12月(yue)

Project Manager 熟練(lian) 12月

篇2

一、基礎理論知識

在(zai)十多年的工作(zuo)歷練中(zhong)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)始終堅(jian)持不(bu)斷學習(xi)，時(shi)刻以最新的理(li)論(lun)和知識來武裝(zhuang)自己，力求讓自己的施工技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)管(guan)理(li)能(neng)力均(jun)能(neng)不(bu)斷進步。其中(zhong)比如針對工程質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)方面，我(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)僅系統地學習(xi)了(le)(le)ISO9000系列標(biao)準(zhun)體系，并對國內外相(xiang)關(guan)工程設備(bei)的開發(fa)與(yu)應用動(dong)態(tai)進行了(le)(le)系統研究，這(zhe)對我(wo)(wo)(wo)在(zai)實施公司的項(xiang)目當(dang)中(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui)了(le)(le)相(xiang)當(dang)的指導性作(zuo)用同(tong)時(shi)也取(qu)得了(le)(le)不(bu)錯的成效。在(zai)2009年，我(wo)(wo)(wo)參(can)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)“建筑工程設備(bei)相(xiang)關(guan)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范”的培訓(xun)班脫(tuo)產學習(xi)，另在(zai)2011年又(you)參(can)加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)“繼續教育(yu)培訓(xun)證書”的3個月理(li)論(lun)基礎學習(xi)。這(zhe)些學習(xi)歷程一方面更加(jia)(jia)鞏(gong)固了(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)(wo)對本專業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范與(yu)規(gui)程的掌(zhang)握程度，同(tong)時(shi)還使我(wo)(wo)(wo)具備(bei)了(le)(le)更高協調(diao)專業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)難題的能(neng)力。

二、歷任(ren)崗位(wei)及職責

在建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)第五建(jian)(jian)設有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si)(si)任(ren)(ren)技(ji)(ji)術員期(qi)間，主要負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)現場(chang)(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)全保(bao)障設施(shi)(shi)、措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中人(ren)員、機械設備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全狀(zhuang)況(kuang)予以(yi)監(jian)督(du)，并及(ji)(ji)時提出整改意見，且在我任(ren)(ren)職期(qi)間未發(fa)生有(you)(you)任(ren)(ren)何設備相關安(an)(an)全事(shi)故(gu)；在澄(cheng)江(jiang)鳳城建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程公(gong)司(si)(si)任(ren)(ren)土建(jian)(jian)主工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長時主要負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程相關材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)進行各專業施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍間的(de)(de)(de)協調配合等；在安(an)(an)邦建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si)(si)任(ren)(ren)項目(mu)主管(guan)(guan)期(qi)間，主要負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員管(guan)(guan)理、安(an)(an)全施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)技(ji)(ji)術質量(liang)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，全面負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)項目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進場(chang)(chang)(chang)前(qian)人(ren)力財力的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)入場(chang)(chang)(chang)后施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)；主持項目(mu)部工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)；當前(qian)在德運龍建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si)(si)主要負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)本公(gong)司(si)(si)所涉施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)與技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)總體控(kong)制。

篇3

無論是作為一(yi)名(ming)普通的工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)人(ren)員，還是作為一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的技術(shu)負(fu)責人(ren)，我(wo)感到要(yao)(yao)干好一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)嚴格遵守國(guo)家施工(gong)規范規程(cheng)(cheng)，還要(yao)(yao)理論聯系實際(ji)，活學活用(yong)，不(bu)斷(duan)總結施工(gong)和(he)管(guan)理經驗，技術(shu)上不(bu)斷(duan)改進和(he)創新。

本人在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中，接觸到(dao)許多煙囪，體會到(dao)只有技(ji)術上不(bu)斷創新(xin)，設備(bei)不(bu)斷更(geng)新(xin)，才能創造(zao)出更(geng)大的經濟效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)和社會效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)。

比(bi)(bi)如，以(yi)前(qian)在(zai)造粒塔和(he)煙(yan)囪(cong)的(de)滑模中(zhong)，我們用來提升滑模平(ping)臺的(de)是小噸位(wei)千斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)（額定起重量為3.5t），后來經過(guo)論證(zheng)和(he)技術(shu)經濟(ji)分(fen)析比(bi)(bi)較，決定從xx煙(yan)囪(cong)開始采用大(da)噸位(wei)千斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)（額定起重量為6.0t），與小噸位(wei)千斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)相比(bi)(bi)有以(yi)下(xia)優點：可以(yi)節約一(yi)半的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)承桿；支(zhi)(zhi)承桿脫空長度更高，滑模安(an)全性可以(yi)得到更大(da)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)；減少了支(zhi)(zhi)承桿的(de)加固工(gong)作(zuo)量。在(zai)XX年和(he)XX年施工(gong)的(de)貴州xx工(gong)程的(de)2個煙(yan)囪(cong)和(he)xx供熱工(gong)程的(de)煙(yan)囪(cong)，就采用了大(da)噸位(wei)千斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)，其技術(shu)和(he)經濟(ji)效益十(shi)分(fen)明(ming)顯。

另外(wai)，在滑模測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)術上我們也(ye)進行了改革(ge)。以(yi)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)般是在造粒塔(ta)或煙囪的中(zhong)心(xin)安裝一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)激(ji)光對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)儀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)偏(pian)移(yi)(yi)，而平臺(tai)扭轉(zhuan)則(ze)在外(wai)面用一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)經緯儀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，顯得非常麻煩。后來我們在煙囪內(nei)部相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于中(zhong)心(xin)的對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)稱半(ban)徑上同時(shi)布置2臺(tai)激(ji)光對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)儀，根據測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)數(shu)據就可以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)計算出(chu)平臺(tai)的偏(pian)移(yi)(yi)和扭轉(zhuan)值了。其精(jing)高(gao)提高(gao)了，工作量(liang)(liang)也(ye)減小了。

盡管我們現在在滑模技術(shu)方面取得了一定的(de)(de)成績，但距世界(jie)滑模的(de)(de)先進水平還有(you)不小的(de)(de)距離，這需(xu)要(yao)我們不斷改進技術(shu)，總(zong)結經驗。就我公司施工的(de)(de)煙囪和(he)造粒塔來說，主(zhu)要(yao)存(cun)在以下幾個問題：

1、我們目前還(huan)未(wei)涉(she)及雙曲線塔和框架(jia)的滑模，只限于圓形構筑物的滑模。

2、在垂直運輸(shu)方(fang)面比(bi)較落后(hou)，傳統(tong)方(fang)法是采用落地井(jing)架加(jia)變幅拔(ba)桿或者(zhe)是隨升井(jing)架加(jia)變幅拔(ba)桿，此種(zhong)方(fang)法比(bi)較落后(hou)，我們可以(yi)改(gai)進為：在筒體(ti)外(wai)側配一臺(tai)自升式高塔，不但可以(yi)滿足(zu)鋼筋和(he)混凝土(tu)的垂直運輸(shu)，而且可以(yi)節省(sheng)幾(ji)臺(tai)卷揚(yang)機的費用。從長遠效益(yi)來(lai)看，后(hou)者(zhe)肯定比(bi)前者(zhe)明顯。

3、按(an)傳統方法制作(zuo)的(de)鋼平臺(tai)(tai)只能使(shi)用(yong)一次，不僅浪(lang)費了鋼材，還增加了拆(chai)卸(xie)平臺(tai)(tai)的(de)工作(zuo)量。如果在(zai)保(bao)證平臺(tai)(tai)安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)的(de)前提(ti)下，我們將平臺(tai)(tai)桿件的(de)焊接連接形(xing)式改(gai)為螺(luo)栓連接，這可(ke)以(yi)多次重(zhong)復利用(yong)；

4、在滑模糾偏和糾扭上，設想(xiang)在提升架外(wai)側安裝(zhuang)自動收分控制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

篇4

摘要(yao)：在(zai)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設中，能(neng)(neng)力和(he)素質在(zai)建(jian)筑行(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)體現主體就是(shi)個人(ren)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)素質，其(qi)中土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程師的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)素質起主導作用，文中針對土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程師應(ying)具(ju)有(you)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)素質能(neng)(neng)力直接(jie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了分析，只(zhi)有(you)具(ju)有(you)這些管(guan)能(neng)(neng)力才(cai)能(neng)(neng)對土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員進(jin)行(xing)(xing)合理的(de)(de)安排與(yu)管(guan)理，進(jin)而對工(gong)(gong)程中可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)質量問(wen)題先加以(yi)預防(fang)；對已出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)質量事故問(wen)題及時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析和(he)處(chu)理。

關鍵(jian)詞：土建工程師；素質(zhi)；能力；

Abstract: in the construction engineering construction, ability and quality in the construction industry is the embodiment of the main body of the individual ability and quality, including the capacity and quality of civil engineers plays a leading role, this paper civil engineers should have the quality and ability of direct are analyzed, and the only have these tubes on the ability to use a worker undertakes reasonable arrangement and the management, and then to engineering of possible problems to prevent quality first; In the event that quality accident to have problems in time analysis and processing.

Keywords: civil engineers; Quality; ability

在當代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑領(ling)域中，土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)應具(ju)備(bei)專業的素質及能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和(he)素質在建(jian)(jian)筑行業的體(ti)(ti)現(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)就(jiu)是個人的能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和(he)素質。在這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)的能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，既(ji)包括(kuo)為(wei)了完(wan)成(cheng)建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)生產任(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)所要具(ju)備(bei)的觀(guan)察、思維(wei)和(he)想象能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)（一般能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)），還需(xu)要具(ju)有(you)創造(zao)、認知和(he)操(cao)作(zuo)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)（特殊能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)）。土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)，作(zuo)為(wei)完(wan)成(cheng)建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的領(ling)軍人物，首先必(bi)(bi)須具(ju)備(bei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種主(zhu)(zhu)觀(guan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。為(wei)了保(bao)證這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)的完(wan)美體(ti)(ti)現(xian)，必(bi)(bi)須掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)和(he)提高(gao)自身(shen)素質，而(er)提高(gao)自身(shen)素質的主(zhu)(zhu)要途徑，就(jiu)是要不斷地(di)學習(xi)，掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)和(he)完(wan)善專業知識！

1．有高度(du)的道德約束能力

土(tu)建工程師首先在(zai)部(bu)門(men)經理(li)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導、指揮下開展工作，所以必須對(dui)(dui)領(ling)導的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)方法(fa)具(ju)有高(gao)度的(de)(de)(de)理(li)解和(he)(he)貫徹能力(li)，對(dui)(dui)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)規章制(zhi)度具(ju)有較強的(de)(de)(de)服從(cong)能力(li)，對(dui)(dui)待同仁(ren)具(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)和(he)(he)力(li)、溝(gou)通力(li)，對(dui)(dui)待下屬要(yao)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)號召(zhao)力(li)，這(zhe)樣才能增強企業的(de)(de)(de)向心力(li)和(he)(he)凝聚力(li)，能做到這(zhe)些需(xu)要(yao)我們有豐富的(de)(de)(de)文化底蘊和(he)(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)道德(de)修養，需(xu)要(yao)靠不(bu)斷(duan)加強自(zi)身(shen)素質(zhi)來(lai)(lai)提升(sheng)自(zi)己。一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)社會地位高(gao)低不(bu)是(shi)靠金錢來(lai)(lai)衡量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)，而是(shi)靠自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)格魅力(li)進(jin)行升(sheng)華(hua)。由(you)于土(tu)建工程師維護的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)國家和(he)(he)企業的(de)(de)(de)公共利益，所以具(ju)備良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)職業道德(de)和(he)(he)操守是(shi)極其重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。

2．具有良(liang)好的社會溝通(tong)能(neng)力(li)

由于受工(gong)作(zuo)性質影響，土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師從事的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理是一個全過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)管(guan)理，除了(le)進行施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場的(de)技術管(guan)理外，還要參與(yu)從項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)立項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、審核到地勘、設計的(de)委托以至(zhi)于招投標、合同管(guan)理等一系列的(de)前期準備工(gong)作(zuo)，所以要求土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師除了(le)掌(zhang)握專業技術和(he)知識外，還必須了(le)解(jie)開(kai)發項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理流程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)具有良好的(de)社會溝通能(neng)力(li)(li)，利用(yong)自己的(de)綜(zong)合能(neng)力(li)(li)和(he)交(jiao)際藝術，完成(cheng)前期項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)準備工(gong)作(zuo)。

3．具有(you)高度的團隊合作(zuo)精(jing)神和組織協調能力

建(jian)筑工程項(xiang)目(mu)是需要(yao)多專(zhuan)業配合的(de)勞動密(mi)集型行(xing)業，土建(jian)工程師作(zuo)為項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理團(tuan)隊的(de)中堅力量，既需要(yao)與其他(ta)專(zhuan)業默(mo)契的(de)配合，還必須要(yao)有(you)專(zhuan)業的(de)組(zu)織協調能(neng)力，加強(qiang)(qiang)團(tuan)隊的(de)合作(zuo)，增強(qiang)(qiang)凝聚力，才能(neng)使項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理工作(zuo)科學(xue)、有(you)序地進行(xing)。

4．具有嚴(yan)格的組織控(kong)制(zhi)能力

作(zuo)為土建(jian)工(gong)程師，在項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)過程中(zhong)(zhong)要有嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)能力，包括(kuo)安全(quan)(quan)、質量、進度、投資、文明施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件、合(he)同、信息等控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)，能根(gen)據項目(mu)實(shi)際(ji)情況合(he)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)控制(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)，并在實(shi)施(shi)(shi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)加以(yi)監(jian)督(du)，及時修正和調整(zheng)偏差(cha)，使項目(mu)進展能夠按(an)計(ji)劃(hua)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，實(shi)現整(zheng)體控制(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標。而具備(bei)這些能力，需要我們的(de)土建(jian)工(gong)程師掌握全(quan)(quan)面、系(xi)統的(de)網絡控制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)知識(shi)，提高科學技術水(shui)平和綜合(he)素質。

5、對施工現(xian)場的管理能力

5.1技術管理能力(li)

5.1.1掌握(wo)現(xian)場施工技(ji)術，是土(tu)建工程師的基本(ben)專(zhuan)業技(ji)能(neng)，首先要有(you)完(wan)全(quan)理解項目的具體特征的能(neng)力，深刻理會(hui)項目的設計(ji)意圖，確定管理方向；

5.1.2具(ju)備獨(du)立審核地(di)質勘察工作(zuo)的完(wan)成及數據情況的能力(li)，能領導團隊(dui)為設(she)計(ji)單位提供全套的設(she)計(ji)依據；

5.1.3分(fen)析(xi)三通一(yi)平工作(zuo)要點及(ji)工程量完成、分(fen)布(bu)情況，實現降低成本目標要求；

5.1.4能深刻理解設(she)(she)計(ji)意圖，掌握設(she)(she)計(ji)規范(fan)對設(she)(she)計(ji)分項的具體要求底線，向設(she)(she)計(ji)部門提出更科學合理的設(she)(she)計(ji)方案，努力降低成本并(bing)要保(bao)證安全和使用功能。

5.1.5參與圖(tu)紙審核、組織圖(tu)紙會審并提出(chu)正確的見(jian)(jian)解和(he)意見(jian)(jian)，組織設計(ji)單(dan)位向項目承包方進(jin)行(xing)設計(ji)交底；

5.1.6掌握施工技術(shu)，熟悉各個分項工程的施工工藝(yi)，審核設計(ji)細節是否滿足施工工藝(yi)要求，避免造(zao)成人力資源的浪費而增加成本(ben)；

5.1.7做好現場(chang)的(de)質量(liang)檢查監督(du)工作，組織隱蔽(bi)工程(cheng)驗收并(bing)能(neng)夠靈(ling)活的(de)處理(li)施工現場(chang)的(de)突發事件；

5.1.8施工過(guo)程(cheng)中對建筑物進(jin)行有效監控(kong)、認真(zhen)復核軸線及(ji)標高，避免出(chu)現原則性(xing)失誤；

5.1.9做好現(xian)場與(yu)設(she)計(ji)部門的溝通(tong)工作，掌控設(she)計(ji)變更的內容(rong)及(ji)變更后(hou)的成本；

5.1.10分期組織(zhi)基(ji)礎、主體及(ji)單(dan)位工程的竣(jun)工驗收，及(ji)時辦理有(you)關驗收手續；

5.1.11協助(zhu)項目經(jing)理做好交工驗(yan)收后的(de)信息反饋工作，及(ji)時處理業主提出的(de)各(ge)項保修(xiu)要(yao)求；

5.1.12協助檔(dang)案管理部門做好(hao)工程備案工作。

5.2人員(yuan)管理能力

由(you)建(jian)(jian)筑業的特征決(jue)定，土(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程師要(yao)充分發揮組(zu)織協調(diao)(diao)才能(neng)，加(jia)強(qiang)企業的團(tuan)隊合作精(jing)神(shen)，充分調(diao)(diao)動職工(gong)(gong)的積(ji)極性，合理安排、利(li)用有限的人力資源，創造最高的工(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)。還要(yao)能(neng)夠合理協調(diao)(diao)安排各個不同專(zhuan)業的進度(du)和相互配合及工(gong)(gong)序銜接等工(gong)(gong)作，使工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目科學有序的進行。這種具體可以(yi)分為：

5.2.1號召能力，作為完成(cheng)施工(gong)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)主體，每個人都有(you)(you)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)個性(xing)，具有(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)號召力才能激發各(ge)種成(cheng)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作積極性(xing)。

5.2.3交流能力，對(dui)下(xia)屬職(zhi)工的意見(jian)進行足(zu)夠的分析、理(li)解，做出合(he)理(li)判斷。

5.2.4應變能力(li)：由于(yu)每個人的(de)性格不(bu)同，都有其獨(du)特之處，所(suo)以人員的(de)管(guan)理是一個動態管(guan)理，這就要求土建工程(cheng)師必須具有靈活應變的(de)能力(li)，對施工現場(chang)出現的(de)各種不(bu)利的(de)情(qing)況迅速作出反應，并著手解(jie)決。

5.2.5對(dui)(dui)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)悟(wu)和轉達能力，當今社會每(mei)個項目的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)都與市場的(de)(de)(de)變化和相關政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)變化息(xi)息(xi)相關的(de)(de)(de)，所以土(tu)建工程師必須具有對(dui)(dui)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)正確領(ling)悟(wu)能力并且及時的(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)管理(li)團隊轉達政(zheng)策(ce)和領(ling)導意圖(tu)。

5.3設備管理能力

5.3.1土建工(gong)(gong)程師，必須具有根據(ju)施工(gong)(gong)特點合(he)理安排施工(gong)(gong)設備的能(neng)力。

5.3.2掌握各種機(ji)械設(she)備的(de)性能(neng)、特點及(ji)各項(xiang)參(can)數，根據施工現場總體(ti)進度計劃安排情(qing)況和(he)詳細的(de)工作(zuo)量，合理(li)配置施工機(ji)械，做到物盡其(qi)用(yong)，避免產生資(zi)源浪費，提高設(she)備使用(yong)率。

5.3.3對各種(zhong)施工(gong)機(ji)械設(she)備要定期(qi)保養和檢測，防止發生設(she)備故障(zhang)而影響施工(gong)進(jin)度。

5.4材(cai)料管理(li)能力

5.4.1要(yao)有掌握各(ge)種(zhong)建筑材(cai)料(liao)的基本性(xing)能和各(ge)項(xiang)物理、化學指標(biao)的能力。

5.4.2要有充分了解各(ge)種材(cai)料的產地、使用方(fang)法及特征(zheng)的能(neng)力；

5.4.3對新技術、新材料要有充(chong)分了解和接受能力。

5.4.4對材料市場(chang)及價格要有(you)一定(ding)的掌控能力。

5.4.5在了解(jie)設(she)計意圖的基(ji)礎上掌握材(cai)料(liao)(liao)科(ke)學知識，了解(jie)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的性質、原理(li)、成分及生產工藝，了解(jie)同類(lei)產品的其它品種(zhong)和特性，便于替代(dai)和更換，做到節約和降(jiang)低項目成本。

6.綜合素質能力

6.1 熟悉并嚴格執行(xing)現行(xing)的(de)國家、行(xing)業和地方政(zheng)府頒發的(de)法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規(gui)和辦法(fa)(fa)。

6.2掌握現行的(de)規程、規范及驗(yan)收標準。

6.3 掌握招(zhao)投標管理流程，協(xie)助企業做(zuo)好招(zhao)投標管理工(gong)作。

6.4具(ju)有獨立(li)編(bian)制或(huo)審核《施(shi)工(gong)組織設計（施(shi)工(gong)方案(an)）》的能力，確定最佳施(shi)工(gong)方案(an)并(bing)能監督施(shi)行(xing)。

6.5協調、配合處理(li)好各級(ji)部門、監理(li)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)施工單(dan)位(wei)的工作。

篇5

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞(ci)：土建(jian)工程；監理；要(yao)點(dian)

中圖分類號(hao)(hao)：U415.1文獻標識碼： A 文章(zhang)編號(hao)(hao)：

一、土建工程施工監理的(de)價值

土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)是土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)重要保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)措施(shi)(shi)，尤其對(dui)于土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)著監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，是土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)不可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)步驟，是整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)根本(ben)性保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。實際的(de)(de)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)是一(yi)個體系，對(dui)于土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)各項子(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)子(zi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)有(you)著積(ji)極地(di)干預作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，在土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)以對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)展開審核，對(dui)于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)準備和(he)(he)執(zhi)行(xing)情況進行(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，確保(bao)(bao)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)各環節在監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)內實現質(zhi)量(liang)上的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。通過土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)可(ke)以使整個土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)達到(dao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)效果(guo)，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)著制(zhi)度(du)性和(he)(he)規則(ze)性的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

二、土建工(gong)程監理工(gong)作的要點(dian)

1、施工前期準備

（1）審圖(tu)(tu)是(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必備的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節，更是(shi)提(ti)高建筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)段和(he)(he)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)關鍵手(shou)段。隨著當前社會(hui)發展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)們對建筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)日益(yi)提(ti)高，其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)段進(jin)行(xing)審查。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，嚴把圖(tu)(tu)紙會(hui)審關，積(ji)極組織施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、設計(ji)(ji)、監理(li)等(deng)各(ge)個(ge)專(zhuan)業和(he)(he)技術人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)審查，將其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)缺陷和(he)(he)問題(ti)(ti)一一的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析和(he)(he)對照(zhao)，避免由于(yu)設計(ji)(ji)圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)影響措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)缺陷。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)目前施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)電(dian)力問題(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)技術水平的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)達標和(he)(he)不(bu)到關，知識在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量問題(ti)(ti)影響嚴重，其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對水電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)審查制度(du)缺陷，缺少專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)審查人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)(he)審查規范(fan)，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)加大其(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)力度(du)和(he)(he)對設計(ji)(ji)圖(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)審查力度(du)，提(ti)高和(he)(he)保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

（2）把建筑、結構、給排水(shui)、消(xiao)防圖紙審查意見書及圖紙會審，將重點施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環節和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)進(jin)行(xing)嚴格的把關(guan)，提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量和各種(zhong)易出現(xian)(xian)缺陷(xian)和問題的管理和控制措施(shi)(shi)，避免(mian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中由于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的不完善出現(xian)(xian)紕漏，從而導致返工(gong)(gong)(gong)事件的發生，影(ying)響施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)益和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)。

2、加強施工階段(duan)的監(jian)理

在建筑工(gong)程施工(gong)過程中，土(tu)建施工(gong)與安裝工(gong)程施工(gong)存在諸(zhu)多(duo)交叉(cha)施工(gong)部分，監理人要比(bi)需要做好每一環節的(de)監理，從根本上杜(du)絕質量問題(ti)，確(que)保施工(gong)的(de)順利進行。

（1）地基基礎與管道安裝

在建(jian)筑(zhu)基礎工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，在現(xian)場(chang)的(de)監理(li)人員應嚴(yan)格依(yi)據設計及建(jian)設單位(wei)確定(ding)的(de)標高，對給排水、消防(fang)系統管道標高及現(xian)有(you)場(chang)地(di)標高進行嚴(yan)格的(de)審查與核實，確保(bao)其(qi)滿足(zu)工(gong)(gong)程設計圖紙及相(xiang)關標準規(gui)范要(yao)求。

進(jin)行(xing)(xing)基礎筏(fa)板(ban)與條基的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，要做好鋼筋接地(di)的(de)監督工(gong)(gong)作，監理(li)人員應對(dui)接地(di)裝(zhuang)置進(jin)行(xing)(xing)復核(he)確保(bao)其正確無誤之后安裝(zhuang)隊伍才(cai)可以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，此(ci)外，必(bi)須要在(zai)(zai)監理(li)人員簽字確認之后方(fang)可進(jin)行(xing)(xing)澆筑。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)地(di)下(xia)室墻(qiang)板(ban)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)支模(mo)之前，監理(li)人員應要求施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)選(xuan)擇(ze)并報審(shen)分(fen)包單位(wei)及安裝(zhuang)單位(wei)進(jin)場，避(bi)免給雙方(fang)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)造成不便。

此外，在現場的(de)監(jian)理(li)人員(yuan)還要(yao)對電氣進(jin)(jin)線管、排水出口及(ji)給水進(jin)(jin)口標等(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)復核，看(kan)其是否與圖(tu)紙(zhi)相一致，并(bing)且還要(yao)對相關的(de)設置套管質量及(ji)規格(ge)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)審查。

（2）土建(jian)與電(dian)氣(qi)交叉施工

電(dian)氣工程施工建筑工程的一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)部分(fen)，其施工質量(liang)直接影響著工程的整(zheng)體(ti)質量(liang)，因此，土建施工人員(yuan)應(ying)與(yu)電(dian)氣施工人員(yuan)加(jia)強技術(shu)交底，密切配合，相互協作，保(bao)證工程施工順利進行(xing)。在這一(yi)(yi)過程中(zhong)，監理人員(yuan)的重要(yao)作用不可忽視(shi)，應(ying)加(jia)強對施工工藝的檢查(cha)，確保(bao)每一(yi)(yi)環節的施工質量(liang)。

電氣(qi)施(shi)工人員在(zai)敷管(guan)設盒時應避(bi)免(mian)對鋼筋的踩(cai)踏(ta)使其發生位(wei)移；在(zai)土建工程施(shi)工時，應安排(pai)專門的電氣(qi)施(shi)工人員進行(xing)現場看護(hu)，做好成品保護(hu)工作，從而避(bi)免(mian)管(guan)盒被踩(cai)壞和移位(wei)，影(ying)響(xiang)電氣(qi)工程質量。

在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工過(guo)程中，施(shi)(shi)工技術人(ren)員應準確地(di)彈好土建施(shi)(shi)工線，確保電氣施(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員設置電閘(zha)箱和各種盒的(de)(de)標高滿足規范要求，與此同時，監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員應對測量結(jie)果及(ji)標高進行(xing)(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)審核。此外(wai)，還要對電閘(zha)箱進行(xing)(xing)審查，確保其在(zai)墻(qiang)體內不(bu)承受荷載，避免(mian)出現箱體變(bian)形的(de)(de)問題。

對于廚房和衛生間等墻(qiang)壁上開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)塞底盒(he)與粘(zhan)貼瓷磚(zhuan)的(de)交(jiao)叉(cha)施工，監理人員(yuan)應對開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)位置的(de)標(biao)高進行審查，確保其部隊(dui)瓷磚(zhuan)的(de)粘(zhan)貼作業造成不便的(de)影(ying)響。在(zai)同(tong)一房間、同(tong)高度的(de)情(qing)況下，通常可將開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)等移至瓷磚(zhuan)邊沿或角部，然(ran)后(hou)按(an)實際套割。在(zai)降低成本(ben)投入及材料消耗的(de)同(tong)時，保證整體美觀(guan)。

（3）土建與水暖交叉(cha)施工

在施(shi)(shi)工過程(cheng)中，土建施(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員和水暖施(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員應積極溝通協調，為彼此施(shi)(shi)工的順利進行提供便利條件，保證各(ge)自工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工質量(liang)，并且要采取措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)防止已完工施(shi)(shi)工部分發生破壞(huai)。

對于供暖(nuan)水平干管的長度(du)與坡(po)度(du)的設(she)定，施(shi)工人員應(ying)積(ji)極與設(she)計、監理人員的等進行(xing)協(xie)商(shang)確定。在管道隱蔽之前，施(shi)工單位應(ying)嚴格(ge)按(an)照規范(fan)要求(qiu)進行(xing)打壓(ya)，監理工程師應(ying)對其進行(xing)檢查驗收，確保(bao)合(he)格(ge)之后才能進行(xing)下(xia)一道工序的施(shi)工。

在管道安裝(zhuang)過(guo)程中，由于管道根(gen)(gen)部防水處理(li)不(bu)妥，很容易導致管道根(gen)(gen)部滲(shen)漏(lou)問題(ti)，對此，施(shi)(shi)工人(ren)員(yuan)必須要嚴格按照相關(guan)規(gui)范要求加強根(gen)(gen)部的細(xi)化處理(li)，做到精細(xi)施(shi)(shi)工，杜絕滲(shen)漏(lou)問題(ti)。安裝(zhuang)衛生間器(qi)具、管道前，土建施(shi)(shi)工方(fang)人(ren)員(yuan)要對安裝(zhuang)隊伍(wu)進行(xing)技術交底，做好地磚等的成品保護(hu)工作(zuo)。

提前準確預(yu)(yu)留預(yu)(yu)留洞(dong)，應將(jiang)預(yu)(yu)留洞(dong)置(zhi)成方形，且上大下小(xiao)成斗狀，尺(chi)寸為管外(wai)徑的兩倍左右，此(ci)外(wai)還要(yao)在(zai)洞(dong)的周邊加筋補強。在(zai)澆筑(zhu)預(yu)(yu)留洞(dong)之前，要(yao)先對洞(dong)周邊進(jin)行(xing)鑿毛處理(li)(li)并用水(shui)沖凈，隨(sui)后再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)澆筑(zhu)。另外(wai)，在(zai)澆筑(zhu)完成24小(xiao)時之后應進(jin)行(xing)浸水(shui)試驗，目測無滲漏即為合格(ge)。在(zai)整個過程中，監理(li)(li)人員(yuan)應盡(jin)心旁(pang)站監督，確保施(shi)工質量(liang)滿足標(biao)準要(yao)求，一旦(dan)發現質量(liang)問題，則要(yao)求采取措施(shi)及(ji)時處理(li)(li)，切實(shi)將(jiang)質量(liang)隱患扼殺在(zai)萌芽狀態(tai)。

此外，廚房及(ji)衛生間的(de)(de)內管(guan)道卡子通常要(yao)與瓷磚粘貼同(tong)步(bu)施工。在同(tong)一房間內，同(tong)高度(du)情(qing)況下，應(ying)將卡子移(yi)至兩瓷磚縫隙處，再按(an)實際套(tao)割(ge)，確保(bao)(bao)瓷磚整體的(de)(de)美(mei)觀性(xing)。除此之外，應(ying)該(gai)變傳統的(de)(de)先安(an)裝(zhuang)管(guan)道后抹(mo)(mo)灰的(de)(de)施工工促(cu)，應(ying)先抹(mo)(mo)灰后安(an)裝(zhuang)管(guan)道，條抹(mo)(mo)灰質量。在對管(guan)道和(he)散熱器(qi)刷面(mian)漆時要(yao)盡(jin)可(ke)能細(xi)致(zhi)，注(zhu)意成(cheng)品(pin)保(bao)(bao)護，避(bi)免(mian)造成(cheng)墻面(mian)污(wu)染。

（4）屋面施工

在建筑屋(wu)面施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中，監(jian)理(li)人員(yuan)應(ying)監(jian)督土建施(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)積極配合安裝人員(yuan)進行施(shi)工(gong)，在施(shi)工(gong)中按(an)照規范要求預留雨水口(kou)、通氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)及通氣(qi)道等，并(bing)且采取措施(shi)，做好(hao)管(guan)(guan)口(kou)周邊的細部防水。在安裝屋(wu)面避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)針、避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)網(wang)、航空(kong)障礙等等時，土建人員(yuan)要配合安裝人員(yuan)提供標(biao)高，達(da)到美觀效果(guo)。

3、竣工驗收階段

竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)階段是保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的一個重(zhong)要(yao)環節，在這一階段，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師要(yao)及時要(yao)求總包單位匯總各安裝分(fen)包單位的技術資料，進行嚴(yan)格的審查預(yu)驗(yan)收(shou)。此(ci)外，還(huan)要(yao)積極組(zu)織各專業單項驗(yan)收(shou)，土建配合整改，給工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)提(ti)供前提(ti)條件(jian)。

在建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，土(tu)建(jian)與安裝(zhuang)的(de)協調配合是提高工(gong)程(cheng)整體質量及建(jian)筑安全(quan)使(shi)用功能的(de)重要(yao)前提，同時也是降(jiang)低(di)是施(shi)工(gong)成本(ben)的(de)重要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)。因此，監理工(gong)程(cheng)師必須(xu)要(yao)加強對二者交叉(cha)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)監督管理，保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)順利進行(xing)。

結束語

總(zong)之，土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)理是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)基礎，是相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)范和技術得以(yi)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)的(de)保障。因此，必(bi)須對土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)理的(de)環(huan)節和關(guan)鍵加以(yi)重視，在結合實(shi)際應(ying)該重點關(guan)注(zhu)問題的(de)基礎上，形成土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)理的(de)措施(shi)(shi)和方法，為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)整體的(de)質量打(da)下制度、管理上的(de)堅實(shi)基礎。

參考文獻

[1]林森.土(tu)建監理對提高施(shi)工質量的意義分析(xi)[J].科技資訊，2010.

篇6

1進行(xing)土建工程施工進度控(kong)制和管理的重(zhong)要性(xing)

對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制在貫穿于(yu)(yu)整個的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)整個土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期和(he)工(gong)(gong)作量以及消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量等都是(shi)(shi)要受到施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接影(ying)響(xiang)。而土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)否能夠按(an)期計劃如期完工(gong)(gong)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)來說就意味著是(shi)(shi)否能如期竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)以及交付使用，并且也對(dui)(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟利益(yi)起著直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)作用。所以對(dui)(dui)土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制和(he)管理是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而且如果無故的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拖延了工(gong)(gong)期或者(zhe)延長了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期限，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制和(he)成本控(kong)(kong)制來說也是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常不(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)僅(jin)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)是(shi)(shi)一項(xiang)損害，也會對(dui)(dui)社會效益(yi)帶來一定(ding)影(ying)響(xiang)。

2影響土建工程施工進度(du)的因(yin)素(su)

對于土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來(lai)說，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)可能是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)種多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)人(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)，有(you)材料(liao)和設備方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)(su)，或者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天氣(qi)、環境等自(zi)然因素(su)(su)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)為(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)為(wei)因素(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。因為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)以及完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，還(huan)有(you)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)等都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由人(ren)為(wei)可以有(you)效控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而且也(ye)不(bu)止(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)可以影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)到施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)，實際上只(zhi)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)參與了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關單(dan)位(wei)，都可能對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)造成或多(duo)或少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，若是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其拖延(yan)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)就可能直(zhi)接造成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放慢。其次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物資供應方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，因為(wei)人(ren)力資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置不(bu)盡合理(li)，或者(zhe)周邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)供應和周轉不(bu)夠及時(shi)，在材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供應造成一定困難，就會給施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)造成嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。

此外(wai)，如(ru)果(guo)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)過(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，不(bu)(bu)盡會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費，還(huan)(huan)(huan)可(ke)能使得現(xian)(xian)場發(fa)生堵塞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象，而施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)過(guo)(guo)少，又可(ke)能致(zhi)使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)較(jiao)低，使得施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源被閑置(zhi)下來(lai)，從而拖延(yan)了施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進度。還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)一個重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。若要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)可(ke)以如(ru)期完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)并且交(jiao)付使用，那(nei)么就需要(yao)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)金(jin)保(bao)障，而一旦發(fa)生資(zi)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危機(ji)或者(zhe)運(yun)轉(zhuan)不(bu)(bu)周，對(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度來(lai)說都會(hui)(hui)帶來(lai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。另(ling)外(wai)就是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中對(dui)環境條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求是較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)果(guo)在氣候和(he)(he)地(di)質方面(mian)存在問題(ti)都可(ke)能拖延(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度。還(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，如(ru)果(guo)運(yun)用了不(bu)(bu)恰當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術，而且補(bu)救的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)又不(bu)(bu)夠及時(shi)(shi)或者(zhe)到(dao)位，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃方面(mian)不(bu)(bu)夠周密(mi)等都會(hui)(hui)對(dui)問題(ti)解決造(zao)成阻礙，又或者(zhe)對(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范和(he)(he)相(xiang)關技(ji)術標準等不(bu)(bu)太熟(shu)悉，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計方面(mian)變化較(jiao)大，都會(hui)(hui)延(yan)誤工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期。上述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多(duo)(duo)(duo)因(yin)素(su)都會(hui)(hui)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度帶來(lai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，這些因(yin)素(su)有(you)時(shi)(shi)甚至是同(tong)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)生作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，給管理上帶來(lai)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩，不(bu)(bu)過(guo)(guo)除了一些客觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)外(wai)，大部(bu)分通過(guo)(guo)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)控(kong)制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)都是可(ke)以避免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

3對(dui)土(tu)建工程施工進度進行(xing)控制(zhi)和管理的具體(ti)措施

對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和管(guan)理(li)，總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)說(shuo)是一項(xiang)(xiang)比較(jiao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，必須在(zai)(zai)管(guan)理(li)中針對(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)種可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)造(zao)成影(ying)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素都考慮到(dao)，并且(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)出對(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)如期竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)就需要(yao)提前做(zuo)好控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體系建(jian)立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，并且(qie)進(jin)行責任分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和綜合協(xie)調。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)總(zong)目(mu)標還(huan)要(yao)進(jin)行具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分解，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)各(ge)個(ge)分部還(huan)要(yao)確(que)(que)定(ding)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標和負責人。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)還(huan)要(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)一個(ge)計(ji)劃(hua)表，這(zhe)個(ge)計(ji)劃(hua)表根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合同(tong)條款(kuan)來(lai)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)是對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)審(shen)核(he)標準，在(zai)(zai)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃(hua)時(shi)(shi)就要(yao)按照這(zhe)個(ge)總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃(hua)表來(lai)確(que)(que)定(ding)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和設(she)計(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及材料設(she)備(bei)等物資(zi)供應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)，還(huan)要(yao)安(an)排資(zi)金和各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運轉等。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)報告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)也(ye)要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)跟進(jin)，使得進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)暢(chang)通無(wu)阻。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還(huan)要(yao)建(jian)立(li)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)和檢查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)進(jin)度(du)(du)(du)協(xie)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)議制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立(li)方面(mian)還(huan)包括(kuo)了(le)對(dui)(dui)(dui)相關地點和時(shi)(shi)間等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)(que)定(ding)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)查和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變更管(guan)理(li)方面(mian)也(ye)有必要(yao)建(jian)立(li)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)，來(lai)確(que)(que)保(bao)在(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交底和會(hui)審(shen)方面(mian)能(neng)夠得到(dao)及時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排，并且(qie)在(zai)(zai)設(she)計(ji)修改(gai)方面(mian)盡可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)，保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)連續進(jin)行。

在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好控制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，確(que)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)計(ji)量以(yi)便進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)款(kuan)項可以(yi)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)得(de)到支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)協(xie)調材料設備方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)劃和(he)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)籌備都可以(yi)有序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)展開。在(zai)制定資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)計(ji)劃方面也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好前期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)算準備工(gong)(gong)作。監理單位對于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)和(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撥付(fu)(fu)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行辦理，使得(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)投資(zi)可以(yi)順利投入(ru)到各個控制目標(biao)中(zhong)。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格獎懲制度(du)(du)(du)，如(ru)(ru)果提前竣工(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)給予(yu)(yu)獎勵，若是無(wu)故拖(tuo)延工(gong)(gong)期(qi)或者主觀因素造(zao)成了(le)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延誤也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)給予(yu)(yu)一(yi)定懲罰，或者追求(qiu)(qiu)其賠(pei)償(chang)責任。在(zai)合(he)(he)同(tong)條款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制定上也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)償(chang)條款(kuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行明確(que)，使得(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)管理得(de)到強(qiang)化。若是發生了(le)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變更，更要(yao)(yao)(yao)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)，在(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)撥付(fu)(fu)方面也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格進(jin)(jin)(jin)行管理。如(ru)(ru)果確(que)實發生了(le)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延誤，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮其發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)延期(qi)。最后就是加強(qiang)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)管理，對各種可能影響施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好應(ying)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

工程施(shi)工進度(du)的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管(guan)理(li)是需要施(shi)工中的各個參與方(fang)給予(yu)充(chong)分配合和(he)支(zhi)持的，必須要及時(shi)的進行溝通(tong)和(he)協作(zuo)，同時(shi)嚴格檢查制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，才(cai)能確(que)保(bao)施(shi)工進度(du)的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管(guan)理(li)可以(yi)有(you)效進行。

4對(dui)土建工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)進(jin)度進(jin)行控(kong)制和(he)管理的一(yi)些重點

要(yao)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)進行有效控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管理就是要(yao)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)進度(du)(du)目(mu)標進行一個(ge)準確的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)計(ji)算(suan)，也就是讓工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師對(dui)(dui)所(suo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)規(gui)模和(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)以及工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)復(fu)雜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)來(lai)對(dui)(dui)所(suo)需投入的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)和(he)資(zi)金以及實現的(de)(de)可能性，還有相(xiang)關的(de)(de)氣候和(he)地(di)質條件進行一個(ge)科學的(de)(de)分析(xi)測算(suan)，然后(hou)計(ji)算(suan)出最佳(jia)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)。而要(yao)做好對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管理，以下(xia)三(san)個(ge)方面是需要(yao)注意的(de)(de)重點：一是對(dui)(dui)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)的(de)(de)總(zong)目(mu)標和(he)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定；二是在(zai)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)進行控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，還要(yao)與總(zong)的(de)(de)進度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)表進行比較，并及時調整偏差的(de)(de)現象；三(san)是對(dui)(dui)所(suo)有參(can)與施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)都(dou)要(yao)進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)的(de)(de)協調溝通，確保各個(ge)單(dan)位(wei)在(zai)時間上可以達成一致。

篇7

關鍵詞：施工(gong)圖；土建工(gong)程；預算(suan)；審核方法

科學(xue)的(de)(de)土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)算審核(he)(he)(he)時(shi)確(que)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價的(de)(de)首要(yao)環節(jie)，確(que)定科學(xue)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)算審核(he)(he)(he)方(fang)法可(ke)以節(jie)約開支、降(jiang)低成本以及極大(da)地提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效率。特別是(shi)隨著建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)比例的(de)(de)加重，對(dui)于土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)預(yu)算審核(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)重要(yao)性更是(shi)顯著。鑒于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)象(xiang)、進度以及規(gui)模的(de)(de)多樣性，在(zai)實際的(de)(de)實施中(zhong)如何制定、選擇(ze)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)相配的(de)(de)審核(he)(he)(he)方(fang)法是(shi)本文的(de)(de)論述(shu)重點。

1 全面審核法

這種方法的(de)實施(shi)步驟為：審(shen)核員根據已有的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)對工(gong)(gong)程量進(jin)行全面的(de)計算，然(ran)后(hou)將計算的(de)各(ge)項結果與待審(shen)工(gong)(gong)程量分別的(de)進(jin)行比對，然(ran)后(hou)根據單位估價表以及定額進(jin)一步的(de)核實單價。從(cong)它的(de)實施(shi)步驟可見，其適用范圍為：

（1）工(gong)程(cheng)涉及(ji)的投資(zi)額不大，工(gong)程(cheng)的施工(gong)內容相對的簡單，如進行建筑(zhu)的維修以及(ji)分項工(gong)程(cheng)不多的項目。

（2）剛接觸審核施工圖預算(suan)或者總(zong)包單位(wei)審核分包單位(wei)的(de)預算(suan)，

這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式盡(jin)管(guan)可以(yi)保證較高的(de)(de)(de)準確性，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)也有著明顯的(de)(de)(de)不足：審核所需要的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作量大(da)，而且很大(da)程度上是(shi)(shi)(shi)無效的(de)(de)(de)重復勞(lao)動。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法在進度要求高以(yi)及投資規模(mo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)土建施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)預算審核是(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)效的(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)中仍因(yin)為建設單位或者(zhe)總包方(fang)(fang)可以(yi)借此(ci)(ci)方(fang)(fang)式控制(zhi)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)成本，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)也比較常用(yong)。

2 重點審核法

重點(dian)(dian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)與全面(mian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)重要區別在于對審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)對象的(de)(de)確定(ding)，即有選擇、由側重的(de)(de)確定(ding)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)范圍，將占施(shi)工(gong)計算圖比重大(da)的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)納入審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)范圍，例如(ru)鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土結(jie)構(gou)、磚(zhuan)石結(jie)構(gou)、鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)以及(ji)裝(zhuang)飾燈(deng)。至于其(qi)他占據造價(jia)比例較低的(de)(de)部分或(huo)者(zhe)價(jia)值較低的(de)(de)部分有意識的(de)(de)忽略，例如(ru)水池(chi)、坡(po)道、雨篷(peng)以及(ji)垃圾(ji)箱等(deng)。重點(dian)(dian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)主要核(he)(he)對的(de)(de)是該工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)的(de)(de)定(ding)額單價(jia)，尤其(qi)是那些易于混(hun)淆的(de)(de)單價(jia)，再者(zhe)就是抹灰(hui)砂漿與混(hun)凝土的(de)(de)標(biao)號等(deng)。由于此方(fang)法(fa)(fa)較之(zhi)全面(mian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)有著快(kuai)速的(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此被廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)適用于審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)進度要求的(de)(de)較緊(jin)的(de)(de)情況下建設單位和總包(bao)方(fang)的(de)(de)預算。當然與審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)速度加快(kuai)的(de)(de)同時，其(qi)精(jing)度沒有全面(mian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)核(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)高，但(dan)是勞(lao)動量(liang)減少，效果也不差。

3 分(fen)析對比審核法

鑒于上述兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法存在著大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重復性(xing)工(gong)作，審(shen)核(he)(he)周期長。經過長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐總結，預(yu)(yu)算人(ren)員逐漸摸索出(chu)了(le)一套更為簡潔、高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)算審(shen)核(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)：分(fen)(fen)析對比(bi)審(shen)核(he)(he)法。這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據是通過分(fen)(fen)析大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)結算資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，總結出(chu)每(mei)一類工(gong)程(cheng)造價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)料消(xiao)耗以及工(gong)程(cheng)造價，并(bing)且(qie)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)得(de)整理出(chu)各種(zhong)結構形式(shi)、不同地區、不同用途(tu)以及工(gong)料機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗指(zhi)標，從(cong)而可以再以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)算審(shen)核(he)(he)中調用相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據，與待審(shen)核(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)算進行比(bi)對，找出(chu)不符合(he)造價規律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)，并(bing)給與重點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)(he)。常用到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)指(zhi)標可以分(fen)(fen)為下面幾(ji)類：

（1）分部的工(gong)程比例(li)：樓(lou)板的屋面、門(men)窗、維(wei)護結構及基礎等在定額(e)直(zhi)接消(xiao)費(fei)中(zhong)的比例(li)。

（2）單位造價(jia)指標(biao)，包括(kuo)每(mei)立方(fang)造價(jia)、每(mei)平方(fang)造價(jia)等(deng)。

（3）不同結構(gou)的(de)比例：例如混凝土、木結構(gou)、金屬結構(gou)、裝飾、鋼筋混凝土以及土石方等在定額(e)直(zhi)接費用中的(de)比重。

（4）各種(zhong)工料的消耗指(zhi)標，包括機械、人力、沙石、磚瓦、水泥以及木材、混凝土等主要工料的單(dan)方消耗指(zhi)標。

(5)專(zhuan)業(ye)造價(jia)比(bi)例：一般的指(zhi)采(cai)暖通風(feng)、給(gei)排(pai)水、土建以(yi)及(ji)電氣(qi)照明(ming)等專(zhuan)業(ye)在總(zong)造價(jia)中的比(bi)例。

4 常見病審核法

由(you)于(yu)(yu)預(yu)(yu)算過程牽(qian)涉到(dao)人員的(de)個人品質，不同(tong)的(de)預(yu)(yu)算人員由(you)于(yu)(yu)立(li)場不同(tong)或者所處(chu)的(de)地(di)(di)位(wei)不同(tong)就會導致持有(you)的(de)觀點(dian)及使用的(de)方法(fa)不同(tong)，從而導致預(yu)(yu)算的(de)編制出現弊病。工程施工圖(tu)預(yu)(yu)算出現的(de)弊病經常地(di)(di)表現為：

（1）對于工(gong)程量的(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)出現偏差。一(yi)般的(de)表現為：樓房地面(mian)(mian)的(de)孔洞以及(ji)溝(gou)槽(cao)所扎(zha)局的(de)面(mian)(mian)積沒(mei)有(you)(you)扣除；在地坑和(he)挖地槽(cao)的(de)地方出現挖空氣的(de)現象(xiang)；將鋼筋混凝土的(de)及(ji)T形交接和(he)毛石重復計(ji)算(suan)(suan)以及(ji)鋼筋的(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)扣除保護層，或(huo)者是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)扣除過梁(liang)與(yu)墻體中(zhong)圈梁(liang)的(de)面(mian)(mian)積；在計(ji)算(suan)(suan)墻面(mian)(mian)、地面(mian)(mian)的(de)各種抹灰(hui)中(zhong)出現重復現象(xiang)，或(huo)者梁(liang)柱、板的(de)交界處的(de)箍筋、受(shou)力筋重復的(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)。

（2）項目重復正(zheng)誤差。在綜合費用的(de)(de)定額預(yu)算中以下(xia)幾種現象尤為的(de)(de)普遍(bian)：建筑工程的(de)(de)給排水(shui)設(she)施、與之構件的(de)(de)鐵桿(gan)、塊料面(mian)層下(xia)的(de)(de)找平層、瀝青(qing)隔(ge)氣層下(xia)面(mian)使(shi)用到(dao)的(de)(de)底子(zi)油以及(ji)瀝青(qing)卷(juan)材防水(shui)層。

（3）定(ding)額單價高套(tao)正誤差(cha)。主(zhu)要的體(ti)現在這幾方面：但見的體(ti)積(ji)與(yu)構件的斷(duan)面；石(shi)子的粒徑與(yu)混(hun)凝土(tu)標號；腳手架的高度(du)及裝飾工(gong)程的級別；地(di)槽、土(tu)方與(yu)地(di)坑的界限；抹(mo)灰砂(sha)漿的配(pei)比(bi)等。

（4）綜合(he)計(ji)算正誤差。定額考(kao)慮的(de)內(nei)(nei)容與(yu)綜合(he)項目內(nei)(nei)容重復；臨時設施(shi)費、冬(dong)季與(yu)雨季的(de)施(shi)工(gong)費和綜合(he)費用內(nei)(nei)容重復等(deng)。

而(er)正是鑒于這幾類誤差在土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)圖預算的審核(he)中經常的遇到，因(yin)此可以根據這些線索順(shun)藤摸瓜，輕易的找到可能存在的漏洞，進而(er)進行更具針對性的審核(he)，以達到合理的確定工(gong)程(cheng)造價的目(mu)的。

5 相關數據以及項目的審核法

由于施工的(de)(de)(de)(de)預算項(xiang)目是(shi)(shi)一個與(yu)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)打(da)交道的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，對于初接這一行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)人員油氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)不易。只有通過(guo)仔細的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析、認(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)就能(neng)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識到各種數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)、各項(xiang)目之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，進(jin)而的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)出潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)規律。在日后的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)中(zhong)(zhong)就可以(yi)利(li)用規律，提高工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率。例如對于找到的(de)(de)(de)(de)不符合規律的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)或者項(xiang)目，無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤還(huan)是(shi)(shi)漏項(xiang)、重項(xiang)，在接下來就要重點的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)：與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體面積或者建筑面積相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)量數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)、項(xiang)目；與(yu)室內外凈墻(qiang)(qiang)面面積相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)及項(xiang)目。當然也有些數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)缺乏(fa)規律性(xing)，我們(men)在實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作中(zhong)(zhong)可以(yi)結(jie)合前面的(de)(de)(de)(de)重點審(shen)核(he)法進(jin)行審(shen)核(he)。

6 結束語

預算審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)除了與審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)密切(qie)相關外，還要(yao)求(qiu)從事審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)工作的(de)人員要(yao)有良好的(de)職業道德(de)與嚴(yan)謹(jin)、細心的(de)工作態(tai)度，只有將正確的(de)審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)方(fang)法(fa)與過硬的(de)工作作風結合才能(neng)使得預算的(de)審(shen)核(he)(he)(he)質量更高(gao)。

參考文獻

[1]廖石堅.淺談(tan)土建工(gong)程造價的科學控(kong)制[J].科技資訊(xun),2006(03):12-16

[2]林(lin)貴道．工程造價的(de)預(yu)結算(suan)審核在項目實施中的(de)探討[J].廣東科技,2007(03):260-261

[3]王(wang)拾.計算(suan)機在建筑工(gong)程(cheng)預算(suan)中的運用(yong)[J].大(da)眾科(ke)技(ji)，2007(03):121-123

[4]韓云,王子初.淺談(tan)工程造價的預(yu)結算審核[J].林業科技情報,2007(01):72-73

篇8

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：土建工(gong)程混(hun)凝土施工(gong)質量(liang)控制(zhi)配合比混(hun)凝土養(yang)護

中(zhong)圖分類(lei)號：V552+.4 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：

一、引言

伴隨著經濟社會的(de)發(fa)展和人(ren)們生(sheng)活水平的(de)提高(gao)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程取得了快速的(de)發(fa)展。在土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是運用得最為(wei)廣泛的(de)材料，它在土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)重要的(de)地位和作(zuo)用。為(wei)了提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量和土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)效益，必須加強混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)質量控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。文章結合土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)實際情況，分(fen)析了混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)強度的(de)影響因(yin)素，并(bing)提出了混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)質量控制(zhi)策略，希望通過這(zhe)樣的(de)探討分(fen)析能(neng)夠(gou)引(yin)起(qi)人(ren)們對這(zhe)一問題(ti)的(de)進一步重視，能(neng)夠(gou)對混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量控制(zhi)的(de)實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)發(fa)揮借鑒指導作(zuo)用。

二、混凝土強(qiang)度的(de)影響因素

影響混凝(ning)土(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)因素是(shi)多方(fang)面，同時，做好混凝(ning)土(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)控制也是(shi)保證施工(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)前提，具體拉來說，在(zai)混凝(ning)土(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)控制方(fang)面需要做好以下工(gong)作(zuo)。

1、水泥強度(du)(du)(du)。要(yao)保證混凝土的(de)質量，其中(zhong)的(de)一個重要(yao)因(yin)素就是提高(gao)混凝土的(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)強度(du)(du)(du)。抗(kang)壓(ya)強度(du)(du)(du)與混凝土所使用的(de)水泥強度(du)(du)(du)成正比，在水灰(hui)比強度(du)(du)(du)相等的(de)前提條(tiao)件下，采用高(gao)標(biao)號(hao)水泥配(pei)制出的(de)混凝土強度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)比低標(biao)號(hao)的(de)高(gao)，因(yin)此在施工的(de)時候，一定不(bu)能用錯水泥標(biao)號(hao)，根(gen)據設計要(yao)求和使用的(de)外部(bu)環境確定水泥標(biao)號(hao)，恰當選擇品種和標(biao)號(hao)，優先選用高(gao)標(biao)號(hao)水泥進行配(pei)置。

2、水(shui)(shui)灰比。水(shui)(shui)灰比與混凝土(tu)強(qiang)度呈正比，因此(ci)，要嚴格按(an)照設計標準和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要求進行水(shui)(shui)灰比設計，保(bao)證(zheng)混凝土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)量。水(shui)(shui)泥的(de)使用和(he)水(shui)(shui)灰比的(de)確定(ding)是(shi)影(ying)響混凝土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)最為(wei)關鍵的(de)因素，因此(ci)在實際工(gong)(gong)作必須合理(li)選擇水(shui)(shui)泥，做好水(shui)(shui)灰比的(de)配置(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作，以提高混凝土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)量，為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量做好準備。

3、其(qi)(qi)(qi)它因素。除了水(shui)泥(ni)和水(shui)灰比之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)它因素對混凝土質量(liang)(liang)也會產生(sheng)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)影(ying)響。第(di)一(yi)、砂石骨(gu)料(liao)。對于粗骨(gu)料(liao)石子(zi)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)重(zhong)點檢查其(qi)(qi)(qi)質地、級配、顆粒含(han)量(liang)(liang)、最(zui)大(da)粒徑(jing)等，一(yi)般采用1—3cm的(de)碎(sui)石。對于細(xi)骨(gu)料(liao)砂，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)重(zhong)點檢查其(qi)(qi)(qi)質地、級配、細(xi)度(du)(du)模數、含(han)泥(ni)量(liang)(liang)、有(you)害物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)，滿(man)足相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)要(yao)求，細(xi)度(du)(du)模數控制在3.7—1.6之(zhi)(zhi)間，砂含(han)泥(ni)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)超(chao)過3%，有(you)害物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)超(chao)過2%。對于不(bu)能飲用的(de)水(shui)，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)在化驗之(zhi)(zhi)后才能使用。在使用外(wai)加(jia)劑的(de)時候(hou)，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)進行試(shi)配和試(shi)驗檢驗，滿(man)足混凝土施工要(yao)求，對于失效的(de)外(wai)加(jia)劑一(yi)律不(bu)得(de)運(yun)用到工程建設當中。

三、土建工程中混凝(ning)土施工的質量控(kong)制策略

在土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)中，為(wei)了保證混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)質量(liang)，提高工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)的綜合效益，必須加強質量(liang)控制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)。結合工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)的實(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang)，根據實(shi)際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)經驗(yan)，筆者認為(wei)可(ke)以采取以下策略來加強混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)的質量(liang)控制(zhi)。

1、原材料(liao)的(de)(de)質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制。原材料(liao)質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制是(shi)整個混凝(ning)土施(shi)(shi)工質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，監理工程師、質檢(jian)員(yuan)、監督工程師都要認真履行自己的(de)(de)職(zhi)責，加強(qiang)施(shi)(shi)工資(zi)料(liao)和實體(ti)的(de)(de)驗收工作，確(que)保水(shui)(shui)泥強(qiang)度(du)符合條件，水(shui)(shui)灰(hui)比滿足質量(liang)要求，骨(gu)料(liao)、砂石等材料(liao)的(de)(de)質量(liang)符合要求，為控(kong)(kong)制施(shi)(shi)工質量(liang)做(zuo)好準(zhun)備。

2、配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制。在進(jin)行(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)時候，為了保證(zheng)其質(zhi)量(liang)，具體(ti)來說，可以采(cai)取(qu)(qu)以下(xia)策(ce)略(lve)。根據設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)要求，結合(he)(he)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，確(que)定(ding)各種材(cai)料(liao)之(zhi)后，由(you)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師見(jian)(jian)證(zheng)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，對(dui)現場(chang)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)(qu)樣，并填寫(xie)好(hao)見(jian)(jian)證(zheng)取(qu)(qu)樣單。然(ran)后交由(you)實(shi)驗室(shi)，讓他們進(jin)行(xing)(xing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)和(he)試配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，實(shi)驗室(shi)必須具有相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)資質(zhi)等級，能夠做好(hao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)和(he)試配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)出來之(zhi)后，交由(you)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審查，確(que)定(ding)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)滿足施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求，混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)性能符合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)規定(ding)，然(ran)后才允(yun)許進(jin)行(xing)(xing)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)攪拌和(he)澆筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。對(dui)于實(shi)驗室(shi)確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比(bi)(bi)，在進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)時候，還(huan)往往需要測定(ding)骨料(liao)的(de)(de)含(han)水(shui)率，并及時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整，以更好(hao)的(de)(de)滿足施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)要求，提(ti)高混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。

3、攪拌(ban)(ban)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制。在(zai)(zai)攪拌(ban)(ban)之前，要根據混凝土設計的(de)(de)(de)要求，按(an)照之前確定的(de)(de)(de)配合(he)比來確定各種材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)，要反復檢測含水(shui)(shui)率，并及(ji)時調整用(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。在(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)時候，首先填裝(zhuang)石子，然后填裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)泥，最(zui)后填裝(zhuang)砂子。遇到(dao)特(te)殊情況，需(xu)要摻和外加(jia)(jia)劑(ji)，粉狀外加(jia)(jia)劑(ji)與(yu)骨料(liao)同(tong)時加(jia)(jia)入，液狀外加(jia)(jia)劑(ji)可以在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)時候加(jia)(jia)入。為了保證混凝土的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)其攪拌(ban)(ban)充分(fen)，攪拌(ban)(ban)時間(jian)應該(gai)在(zai)(zai)90秒之上(shang)。

4、澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量控(kong)制。在(zai)(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)前(qian)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)材料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)仔細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查(cha)，保(bao)(bao)證鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格(ge)(ge)、類型、數量都(dou)符合(he)設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)問題及時(shi)(shi)(shi)更換，避免因鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)質量不(bu)(bu)合(he)格(ge)(ge)而(er)誘發(fa)(fa)安全問題。此外，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度，并(bing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)墊(dian)塊(kuai)加固(gu)，為澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)作(zuo)做好(hao)準(zhun)備。具體來說，在(zai)(zai)(zai)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中為了(le)控(kong)制質量，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做好(hao)以下幾個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。第(di)一、準(zhun)備工(gong)作(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)前(qian)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異物(wu)，比(bi)如垃圾、泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)、油(you)污等(deng)清(qing)除，保(bao)(bao)證模(mo)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干凈(jing)。還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)各種墊(dian)塊(kuai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查(cha)，保(bao)(bao)證其鋪設到(dao)位。如果(guo)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)木質材料(liao)作(zuo)為模(mo)板(ban)(ban)，則(ze)有必要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)模(mo)板(ban)(ban)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)澆(jiao)水濕潤。第(di)二(er)、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)運輸。在(zai)(zai)(zai)運輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)泵不(bu)(bu)能(neng)停(ting)止下來，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)間斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。遇到(dao)特殊情況(kuang)停(ting)止運行(xing)(xing)(xing)，間歇時(shi)(shi)(shi)間要(yao)(yao)(yao)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)45分(fen)鐘之(zhi)內，如果(guo)出現(xian)(xian)離(li)析(xi)現(xian)(xian)象，則(ze)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)沖洗殘(can)余混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。第(di)三、做好(hao)振搗(dao)工(gong)作(zuo)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)自由傾落(luo)高(gao)度控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩(liang)米之(zhi)內，采(cai)用(yong)分(fen)層連(lian)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)，澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)間斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。振搗(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)均勻，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)出現(xian)(xian)漏振的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)振搗(dao)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)使振搗(dao)棒(bang)振動到(dao)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)，避免鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)發(fa)(fa)生位移現(xian)(xian)象。遇到(dao)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)密度較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，可以利用(yong)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振搗(dao)棒(bang)來對(dui)(dui)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)振搗(dao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)層混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)振搗(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，振搗(dao)一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)充分(fen)到(dao)位，嚴格(ge)(ge)規范施工(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為，避免鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)發(fa)(fa)生碰(peng)撞、踐踏等(deng)問題。如果(guo)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)出現(xian)(xian)松動、脫(tuo)落(luo)現(xian)(xian)象，則(ze)必須及時(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)整或者更換，保(bao)(bao)證鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)搭接(jie)完好(hao)，滿足設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)求和(he)施工(gong)標準(zhun)。

5、混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)澆(jiao)筑完成之后(hou)，為了(le)保(bao)證其質量，使其在(zai)土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設中發揮更大的效益，對其進(jin)(jin)行養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)也(ye)是(shi)十分必(bi)要(yao)的。一般來(lai)說(shuo)，養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)在(zai)自然狀態(tai)下(xia)進(jin)(jin)行的，但是(shi)預(yu)應(ying)力構件除外。需要(yao)注意的是(shi)，養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)在(zai)平均氣(qi)溫6℃以(yi)(yi)上進(jin)(jin)行的，并(bing)且需要(yao)保(bao)持混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)濕潤狀態(tai)。在(zai)澆(jiao)筑完成之后(hou)，如果平均氣(qi)溫低于26℃的話，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)對混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)灑水進(jin)(jin)行養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。如果溫度不(bu)符合進(jin)(jin)行養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的要(yao)求，則需要(yao)延遲(chi)六小時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)。混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)的類型不(bu)同，其所要(yao)求的養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)時(shi)間也(ye)不(bu)盡相同，灑水養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的時(shi)間應(ying)該根據(ju)水泥(ni)的品種來(lai)確定。對于干硬性混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)來(lai)說(shuo)，當澆(jiao)筑完畢(bi)之后(hou)，就應(ying)該進(jin)(jin)行養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)。如果混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)采用(yong)的是(shi)普通硅酸鹽水泥(ni)，那么養(yang)(yang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)時(shi)間應(ying)該在(zai)七天以(yi)(yi)上。

6、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)拆(chai)模。當混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)經(jing)過一段時間的養(yang)護，達到相應的強度，符合規(gui)定之后(hou)，就要進行(xing)拆(chai)模。在(zai)拆(chai)模的時候，為了保證質(zhi)量(liang)，避(bi)免對混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)帶(dai)來不(bu)利(li)影響，應該先(xian)拆(chai)不(bu)承(cheng)重(zhong)模板(ban)(ban)，后(hou)拆(chai)承(cheng)重(zhong)模板(ban)(ban)，按照(zhao)這種(zhong)方式進行(xing)更能夠(gou)保證混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)量(liang)，更有利(li)于施(shi)工。

四、結束語

總而言之，加(jia)強(qiang)混凝土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)控制是土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的重要工(gong)(gong)作，具有(you)重要的現實意義，有(you)利(li)于促進(jin)(jin)施工(gong)(gong)的順利(li)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，提高土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的質(zhi)量(liang)，增強(qiang)土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設的綜合(he)效益。今后在實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)作中，我們(men)一定要重視采取相(xiang)應的策略，合(he)理選擇混凝土(tu)材料，做好混凝配備(bei)設計(ji)，加(jia)強(qiang)質(zhi)量(liang)控制，提高土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設的質(zhi)量(liang)，促進(jin)(jin)整個建(jian)筑業的持續(xu)健(jian)康發(fa)展。

參考文獻：

[1]付穎.土建工程中(zhong)混(hun)凝土施工的質量控(kong)制(zhi)[J].黑(hei)龍江科技信息, 2009(27)

 [2]白(bai)楊.淺談土建工程(cheng)中混凝土施工的(de)質量控制[J].商品與質量,2012(10)

[3]李俊(jun)生(sheng).淺談土建(jian)工(gong)程中混(hun)凝(ning)土施工(gong)的(de)質量控制(zhi)[J].城市建(jian)設與商業網點,2009(30)

篇9

    進行了分析和探討。

    關鍵詞(ci):土(tu)建(jian)工程(cheng);施工進度;控(kong)制

    1土建工程施工進度控制與管理的必要性

    進(jin)度控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是貫穿(chuan)于土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程的控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量、資源的消(xiao)耗量等直接(jie)受進(jin)度控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)影響。土(tu)建(jian)項目(mu)能(neng)(neng)否預期完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),直接(jie)關系到整體(ti)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)能(neng)(neng)否按期完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和交付使(shi)用(yong),直接(jie)關系著該項目(mu)經(jing)濟效益的形成。對土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度進(jin)行控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非常有必要,因為無(wu)故延長工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不好,可能(neng)(neng)造成材料(liao)、人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或(huo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理費用(yong)的增加,整體(ti)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本隨之增加,從而(er)造成最終投資機會的損失。

    2施工進(jin)度控制的主要內容

    建設(she)工(gong)程施工(gong)進度控制工(gong)作從(cong)審核承包單(dan)位提(ti)交的施工(gong)進度計劃開(kai)始,直(zhi)至建設(she)工(gong)程保修期滿(man)為止,其工(gong)作內容主(zhu)要有以下幾方面。

    2.1編(bian)制施工進度控(kong)制工作細則

    施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)作細(xi)則是在(zai)建設工(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理規劃的(de)(de)(de)指導下,由項目(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)理班子中進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)部門的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程師負責編制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)更具(ju)(ju)有實施(shi)性(xing)和(he)操(cao)作性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理業務文(wen)件(jian)。其主要內(nei)(nei)容包(bao)括(kuo):施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標分(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)圖;施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主要工(gong)作內(nei)(nei)容和(he)深度(du)(du)(du);進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)職責分(fen)(fen)(fen)工(gong);與進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)有關各項工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)時間安排及工(gong)作流程;進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)方法(包(bao)括(kuo)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)檢查周期、數據采集方式、進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)報表(biao)格(ge)式、統計分(fen)(fen)(fen)析方法等);進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)措施(shi)(包(bao)括(kuo)組(zu)織措施(shi)、技術措施(shi)、經濟措施(shi)及合同措施(shi)等);施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標實現的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析等。

    2.2編制或審核施工進(jin)度計劃

    為了保證建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)任務按期(qi)完成,監(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)必須審核(he)承(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)提(ti)交的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度計(ji)劃。當大型建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),由于單(dan)位(wei)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)較多、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)期(qi)長,且采取分(fen)期(qi)分(fen)批發包(bao)又(you)沒有(you)一個負責全(quan)部(bu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)總(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)時(shi),就需要監(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)編制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)總(zong)進(jin)(jin)度計(ji)劃;當建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)由若干個承(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)平行承(cheng)包(bao)時(shi),監(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)也有(you)必要編制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)總(zong)進(jin)(jin)度計(ji)劃。

    2.3施工進度(du)計(ji)劃審核

    施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)審核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容主要(yao)有:進(jin)(jin)度(du)安排是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)符(fu)合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)項目建設總進(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)中總目標(biao)和(he)(he)(he)分目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)符(fu)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)合(he)同中開工(gong)、竣工(gong)日期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定;施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)總進(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有遺漏,分期施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)滿足(zu)分批(pi)動(dong)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)和(he)(he)(he)配(pei)套動(dong)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu);施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)順序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安排是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)符(fu)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。勞(lao)動(dong)力、材料、構配(pei)件、設備(bei)及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)機(ji)具(ju)、水(shui)、電等生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)能(neng)保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian),供(gong)(gong)應是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)均衡、需(xu)求(qiu)高峰(feng)期是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有足(zu)夠(gou)能(neng)力實(shi)現(xian)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)供(gong)(gong)應;對于業主負(fu)責提供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件(包(bao)括資金、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖紙、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)場(chang)地、采供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物資等),在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)中安排得是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)明確、合(he)理,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有造成(cheng)因業主違約而導致工(gong)程(cheng)延期和(he)(he)(he)費用(yong)索賠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)存在。

    2.4協助(zhu)承包(bao)單位實(shi)施進度(du)計(ji)劃監理工(gong)程(cheng)師要隨時了解(jie)施工(gong)進度(du)計(ji)劃執行過程(cheng)中(zhong)所存在的問(wen)(wen)題,并幫(bang)助(zhu)承包(bao)單位予以解(jie)決(jue),特別是承包(bao)單位無力解(jie)決(jue)的內外關系(xi)協調問(wen)(wen)題。

    3加強土建施工進(jin)度控(kong)制與(yu)管理的若(ruo)干措施

    進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是一(yi)項復雜、綜(zong)合(he)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人員要(yao)按(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang),針(zhen)對可(ke)(ke)能影(ying)響到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種因素,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)出相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補救或應急措施(shi),確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)。建立控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao)體系,明確責任(ren)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解總目標(biao),明確各分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)部,各階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao)和(he)(he)責任(ren)人。編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)項目總進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)劃。建立進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)報告制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)及(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)信(xin)息溝(gou)通網絡。發生進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)偏差時,采取改善外部條(tiao)件、勞動條(tiao)件、實(shi)施(shi)強(qiang)有(you)力調(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)等措施(shi),調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)材料(liao)設(she)備、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃、資(zi)金供應計(ji)(ji)劃等,組織新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)(diao)及(ji)平衡。編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源需求計(ji)(ji)劃,做好(hao)前期(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)算(suan)。監理單位(wei)及(ji)時辦理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)預(yu)付款(kuan)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)款(kuan)支付;確定(ding)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)解資(zi)金投(tou)資(zi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目標(biao);制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)賞罰制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),如(ru)提(ti)前交(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),給予獎勵;主觀因素造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)延(yan)(yan)(yan)誤支付損失賠償金。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)合(he)同條(tiao)款(kuan),明確合(he)同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、界定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)延(yan)(yan)(yan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)延(yan)(yan)(yan)誤,規定(ding)責任(ren)和(he)(he)經濟(ji)條(tiao)款(kuan)。強(qiang)化(hua)合(he)同管理;嚴(yan)審工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)及(ji)設(she)計(ji)(ji)變更;嚴(yan)格檢(jian)查施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du),嚴(yan)格進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)款(kuan)撥付,防超(chao)報、重報;正(zheng)確區分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)延(yan)(yan)(yan)誤或延(yan)(yan)(yan)期(qi)(qi)(qi),合(he)理地辦理延(yan)(yan)(yan)期(qi)(qi)(qi);加強(qiang)風(feng)險管理,充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)考慮風(feng)險對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響和(he)(he)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理方法(fa)。土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各方大力配(pei)合(he),只要(yao)溝(gou)通及(ji)時、密(mi)切配(pei)合(he),執行(xing)中對既定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)劃不(bu)斷地檢(jian)查和(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)就可(ke)(ke)有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

    4具體做法(fa)

    進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)務是針對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)計(ji)算,是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)根(gen)(gen)據工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)規模、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量與工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)復雜程(cheng)度(du),建(jian)(jian)(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位對(dui)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)和(he)(he)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)投產時間的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,資金到(dao)位計(ji)劃和(he)(he)實現的(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)性,主要(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)場計(ji)劃,國(guo)家頒布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑安裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)定(ding)(ding)額”,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地(di)質(zhi),水文地(di)質(zhi)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設地(di)區氣候等因素,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學(xue)分析后(hou),設計(ji)出的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)最佳工(gong)(gong)期(qi)。合同工(gong)(gong)期(qi)確定(ding)(ding)后(hou),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)務,就是根(gen)(gen)據進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標確定(ding)(ding)實施(shi)方案,在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)控(kong)制和(he)(he)調整,以實現進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標,具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)講,進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)務是進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)規劃、進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)控(kong)制和(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)協調。要(yao)完成(cheng)好這(zhe)個任(ren)(ren)務,應(ying)做到(dao)以下三點工(gong)(gong)作:

    ①要做出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)項目總(zong)進度目標和總(zong)計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)。而這項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是非常重(zhong)要而細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),進度計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)制,涉及建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投資,設(she)備材料供(gong)應、施工(gong)(gong)場地(di)布置(zhi)、主要施工(gong)(gong)機械、勞動(dong)組合、各附屬設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)、各施工(gong)(gong)安(an)裝單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)配合及建設(she)項目投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間要求(qiu) 。

    ②要(yao)對(dui)(dui)進(jin)(jin)度進(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),必須對(dui)(dui)建設項目進(jin)(jin)展的(de)全過程(cheng),對(dui)(dui)計劃進(jin)(jin)度與實(shi)際進(jin)(jin)度進(jin)(jin)行比(bi)較。在施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實(shi)際進(jin)(jin)度與計劃進(jin)(jin)度發生(sheng)偏離(li)(li),無論(lun)是進(jin)(jin)度加快(kuai)、進(jin)(jin)度滯后都會(hui)對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計產生(sheng)影響,都會(hui)對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序帶來問(wen)題,都要(yao)及時(shi)的(de)采取有效措施加以調整,對(dui)(dui)偏離(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)目標(biao)的(de)要(yao)找出原因,堅決糾正。

    ③進度(du)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)的任務是對整個建(jian)設項目中各(ge)安裝、土建(jian)等施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位、總包單(dan)位、分包單(dan)位之間的進度(du)搭接,在(zai)時間、空間交叉上進行協(xie)(xie)調(diao)。這些都(dou)(dou)是相(xiang)互聯系、相(xiang)互制約的因素,對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設項目的實際進度(du)都(dou)(dou)有著直接的影(ying)響,如果對這些單(dan)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程之間的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)關系不(bu)加(jia)以(yi)必要的協(xie)(xie)調(diao),將(jiang)會(hui)造(zao)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秩序(xu)混亂,不(bu)能按期完成建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。

篇10

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：混凝土；工程(cheng)建設；質量問(wen)題

中圖分類(lei)號： TU37 文獻標(biao)識(shi)碼(ma)： A

引言

混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)在(zai)現(xian)代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)中已經占據(ju)了不可取代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞，對結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全可靠性有極大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)，直接決定了土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低，可見混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)該(gai)引起(qi)我(wo)們足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)是民(min)用建(jian)筑(zhu)和現(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業實施工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要建(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao)，混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞將會直接地影(ying)響(xiang)到建(jian)筑(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全可靠性。民(min)用住(zhu)宅中的(de)(de)(de)(de)梁(liang)(liang)、板(ban)、柱、基礎；水利(li)建(jian)設中的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)壩、隧道(dao)，橋梁(liang)(liang)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)安(an)(an)全和滲流控制絕(jue)大(da)部(bu)分要依靠混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)和鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，原材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等因(yin)素是直接決定土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵

一、混凝土施工質量問題的(de)相關原因分析

商(shang)品混凝土主要是(shi)由水泥、集料(liao)、水根(gen)據需要摻(chan)(chan)入(ru)的(de)外加劑和(he)(he)摻(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)料(liao)等組分按一定的(de)比例，在(zai)集中攪拌站經(jing)計量，拌制(zhi)后出售，并采用(yong)專業運輸車輛在(zai)規定的(de)時(shi)間內運至使(shi)用(yong)地點的(de)混凝土拌合物。影響質量原因主要：有(you)以下幾個方面(mian)：

1、混(hun)凝土(tu)強度偏(pian)低

試驗室與施(shi)工現場條件存在著差異變(bian)化，混(hun)凝(ning)土的配制強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)按相應的保證率進行配制。然(ran)而，商品混(hun)凝(ning)土生(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)有時過多考(kao)慮經濟成本，強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)評定采用系統整體考(kao)慮，混(hun)凝(ning)土配合比設計時考(kao)慮富余的水泥強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)偏向(xiang)經濟角(jiao)度(du)考(kao)慮，因(yin)此在單項工程中混(hun)凝(ning)土配制強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)偏低。

2、砂石含水量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化時不能及時調整用水量(liang)(liang)

根據規定，攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)站應(ying)采取相應(ying)措施(shi)，保(bao)持砂石骨料具有穩定的(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)率，每工作(zuo)班至少測定一次含(han)(han)水(shui)率，遇(yu)到雨雪天氣應(ying)增(zeng)加(jia)測定次數，并及時調(diao)整(zheng)含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)，滿足(zu)混凝(ning)土強(qiang)度等級和施(shi)工的(de)要求。日前，一些攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)站采用自動(dong)測定砂石含(han)(han)水(shui)率的(de)儀器，但多數攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)站采用原材料試驗(yan)(yan)的(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)率或憑(ping)經驗(yan)(yan)判斷含(han)(han)水(shui)率，進行(xing)用水(shui)量(liang)調(diao)整(zheng)，這種(zhong)不科學(xue)的(de)方式使拌(ban)合物強(qiang)度難(nan)(nan)以保(bao)證(zheng)，既增(zeng)加(jia)了施(shi)工難(nan)(nan)度，也(ye)影響工程質(zhi)量(liang)。

3、施工現場隨意(yi)增加水灰比

在相同原(yuan)材料和(he)工藝(yi)條件下，混(hun)凝土(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)主要取(qu)決于水(shui)灰比(bi)，即混(hun)凝土(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)隨水(shui)灰比(bi)增大(da)而降低。有些(xie)技術人員和(he)操作人員對現場(chang)加水(shui)混(hun)凝土(tu)強(qiang)度(du)(du)的影響認識不足，以為用水(shui)稀釋的拌合物，能增大(da)坍落度(du)(du)，便于攪拌、泵送(song)和(he)澆筑，而忽視了對其強(qiang)度(du)(du)的要求。

二、土建工(gong)程中混(hun)凝土施(shi)工(gong)的(de)質(zhi)量控(kong)制策略

1、原材料的質量控制(zhi)

原材料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制是(shi)整個混(hun)凝土施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制的(de)基(ji)礎，監理工(gong)程(cheng)師、質(zhi)(zhi)檢員、監督(du)工(gong)程(cheng)師都要認(ren)真履行(xing)自己的(de)職責，加強施工(gong)資料(liao)和實體的(de)驗(yan)收工(gong)作，確保水(shui)泥強度符(fu)(fu)合(he)條(tiao)件(jian)，水(shui)灰比滿足質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要求，骨料(liao)、砂石等材料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符(fu)(fu)合(he)要求，為(wei)控(kong)制施工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)做好準備(bei)。、

2、配(pei)合比的(de)質量控制

在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)時候，為了保(bao)證(zheng)其質量，具(ju)(ju)體(ti)來說，可以(yi)采取(qu)以(yi)下策略。根據設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，結(jie)合混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)特點，確(que)定(ding)各(ge)種材料(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)后，由(you)(you)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)見證(zheng)的(de)(de)情況下，對現場(chang)原材料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)取(qu)樣，并填寫好(hao)見證(zheng)取(qu)樣單。然(ran)后交由(you)(you)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，讓他們進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)和試配(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須具(ju)(ju)有相(xiang)應的(de)(de)資質等級，能(neng)夠做好(hao)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)和試配(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)出(chu)來之(zhi)(zhi)后，交由(you)(you)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審查(cha)，確(que)定(ding)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)滿足施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)性(xing)能(neng)符合施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關規定(ding)，然(ran)后才允許進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)攪拌和澆筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。對于實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)配(pei)合比(bi)(bi)，在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)時候，還往往需(xu)要(yao)(yao)測定(ding)骨料(liao)的(de)(de)含水(shui)率，并及時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)整，以(yi)更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)滿足施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，提高混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。

3、攪拌過程(cheng)的質(zhi)量控(kong)制

在(zai)攪(jiao)拌之前，要根據(ju)混凝土(tu)設(she)計的要求，按(an)照之前確(que)定的配合比來確(que)定各種材(cai)料(liao)的用(yong)量，要反復檢測(ce)含水率(lv)，并及時調整用(yong)水量。在(zai)裝料(liao)的時候，首先(xian)填(tian)裝石子，然后填(tian)裝水泥，最(zui)后填(tian)裝砂子。遇到特殊(shu)情況，需要摻(chan)和外(wai)加(jia)劑，粉狀外(wai)加(jia)劑與骨料(liao)同時加(jia)入，液(ye)狀外(wai)加(jia)劑可以(yi)在(zai)加(jia)水的時候加(jia)入。為了保(bao)證混凝土(tu)的質(zhi)量，使其攪(jiao)拌充分，攪(jiao)拌時間應該(gai)在(zai)90秒之上。

4、混凝土拆模

當混(hun)凝土經過(guo)一段(duan)時(shi)間的(de)養護，達(da)到相應的(de)強度，符合規(gui)定之后(hou)，就要進(jin)行拆(chai)模(mo)。在(zai)拆(chai)模(mo)的(de)時(shi)候，為了保證質量，避免對混(hun)凝土帶來不(bu)利影響，應該先拆(chai)不(bu)承重模(mo)板，后(hou)拆(chai)承重模(mo)板，按照這種方式進(jin)行更能夠保證混(hun)凝土質量，更有利于施工。

5、注重高強砼(tong)性(xing)能檢測

由于高(gao)強(qiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)變異(yi)性(xing)(xing)增大(da)，強(qiang)度數值(zhi)受多種因(yin)素的(de)(de)影響，故高(gao)強(qiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)抗壓試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)采(cai)樣頻數應(ying)高(gao)于普通砼(tong)(tong)(tong)。駐現場技術人員要對拌和(he)(he)物(wu)性(xing)(xing)能進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定，并(bing)按規定留(liu)取砼(tong)(tong)(tong)強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)數量應(ying)至少能滿足提(ti)供早期及28d強(qiang)度測(ce)(ce)(ce)定所需。由于高(gao)強(qiang)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)水灰比(bi)很低(di)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內部容易產(chan)生較大(da)拉應(ying)力，對試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)宜采(cai)取水中養護并(bing)對溫度進(jin)行(xing)(xing)控制。抗壓強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗前應(ying)在正常自然條件(jian)(jian)(jian)中存放幾天后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，強(qiang)度測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結果較為穩定。高(gao)強(qiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)強(qiang)度測(ce)(ce)(ce)定時應(ying)選用(yong)標準(zhun)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)高(gao)剛(gang)度承壓板試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗機，控制勻(yun)速加荷(he)，才能保證強(qiang)度測(ce)(ce)(ce)定的(de)(de)準(zhun)確性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)可靠性(xing)(xing)。高(gao)強(qiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)質(zhi)量管(guan)理與檢(jian)查，與普通砼(tong)(tong)(tong)存在一些(xie)差異(yi)，應(ying)引起足夠的(de)(de)重視。

6、澆筑過程的質量控制、

在(zai)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑之(zhi)前，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)仔細(xi)的(de)檢查，保(bao)證(zheng)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)規(gui)格(ge)、類型、數量(liang)都符合(he)設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，發現(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)題(ti)及時更(geng)換，避(bi)免因鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)質量(liang)不合(he)格(ge)而誘發安(an)全問(wen)題(ti)。此外，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)護層的(de)厚度(du)，并(bing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)墊塊加固，為(wei)澆(jiao)筑工(gong)(gong)作做好準(zhun)(zhun)備。具(ju)體來(lai)(lai)說，在(zai)澆(jiao)筑過程中為(wei)了控(kong)制(zhi)質量(liang)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做好以(yi)下(xia)幾個方面的(de)工(gong)(gong)作。首先，準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作。在(zai)澆(jiao)筑混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)前，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)模(mo)(mo)板內(nei)的(de)異物，比如(ru)垃圾、泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)、油(you)污等(deng)清除，保(bao)證(zheng)模(mo)(mo)板的(de)干凈。還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)各種墊塊進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查，保(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)鋪設到(dao)位(wei)。如(ru)果采(cai)用的(de)是(shi)(shi)木(mu)質材(cai)料(liao)作為(wei)模(mo)(mo)板，則有必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)模(mo)(mo)板進(jin)行(xing)(xing)澆(jiao)水濕(shi)潤(run)。其(qi)次，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)運(yun)輸。在(zai)運(yun)輸的(de)過程中，混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)泵(beng)不能停(ting)止下(xia)來(lai)(lai)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不間斷的(de)工(gong)(gong)作。遇到(dao)特殊(shu)情況停(ting)止運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，間歇時間要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)45分鐘之(zhi)內(nei)，如(ru)果出現(xian)(xian)(xian)離(li)析現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，則需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)沖洗殘(can)余混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。 最后(hou)，做好振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)作。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)自(zi)由(you)傾落高度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)兩米之(zhi)內(nei)，采(cai)用分層連續的(de)方式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)澆(jiao)筑，澆(jiao)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不間斷的(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)均勻，不能出現(xian)(xian)(xian)漏(lou)振(zhen)(zhen)的(de)情況。在(zai)使用振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)棒的(de)時候，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)是(shi)(shi)，不能使振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)棒振(zhen)(zhen)動到(dao)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，避(bi)免鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)發生位(wei)移現(xian)(xian)(xian)象。遇到(dao)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)密度(du)較大的(de)位(wei)置，可以(yi)利(li)用小的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)棒來(lai)(lai)對(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。在(zai)對(dui)保(bao)護層混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)時候，振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分到(dao)位(wei)，嚴格(ge)規(gui)范施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員的(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)，避(bi)免鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)發生碰撞、踐踏等(deng)問(wen)題(ti)。如(ru)果鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)松動、脫落現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，則必(bi)須及時調(diao)整或者更(geng)換，保(bao)證(zheng)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)搭接完好，滿(man)足(zu)設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。

7、混凝土養護

混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)澆(jiao)筑完成之后，為了保證其(qi)質量，使其(qi)在(zai)(zai)土(tu)建工(gong)程建設中發揮更大的(de)(de)效益，對(dui)其(qi)進行養(yang)(yang)(yang)護也是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)必要的(de)(de)。一般來(lai)(lai)說，養(yang)(yang)(yang)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)自然狀(zhuang)態下進行的(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)預應(ying)(ying)力構(gou)件除外。需(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，養(yang)(yang)(yang)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)平均氣溫(wen)6℃以上(shang)進行的(de)(de)，并且需(xu)要保持混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)濕(shi)潤狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)(zai)澆(jiao)筑完成之后，如(ru)果(guo)平均氣溫(wen)低于(yu)26℃的(de)(de)話(hua)，可以對(dui)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)灑水(shui)進行養(yang)(yang)(yang)護。如(ru)果(guo)溫(wen)度不(bu)符(fu)合進行養(yang)(yang)(yang)護的(de)(de)要求，則(ze)需(xu)要延遲(chi)六小時(shi)進行養(yang)(yang)(yang)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)類型(xing)不(bu)同，其(qi)所要求的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)護時(shi)間(jian)也不(bu)盡相同，灑水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)護的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)(ying)該根據(ju)水(shui)泥的(de)(de)品(pin)種來(lai)(lai)確定。對(dui)于(yu)干硬(ying)性混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)來(lai)(lai)說，當澆(jiao)筑完畢之后，就應(ying)(ying)該進行養(yang)(yang)(yang)護工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。如(ru)果(guo)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)采用的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)普(pu)通硅酸鹽(yan)水(shui)泥，那么養(yang)(yang)(yang)護時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)(ying)該在(zai)(zai)七天以上(shang)。

結束語

加強(qiang)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)是土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)重要(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)，具有重要(yao)的(de)現實(shi)(shi)意義，有利于促進施工(gong)的(de)順利進行(xing)，提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，增強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)綜合效益。今后在實(shi)(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)中，我(wo)們(men)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)重視采取(qu)相應(ying)的(de)策略，合理選(xuan)擇混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)材料，做好(hao)混凝(ning)配(pei)備(bei)設(she)計，加強(qiang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)，提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，促進整(zheng)個建(jian)(jian)筑業的(de)持續健康發展。

參考文獻

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