導(dao)語：如何(he)才能寫好一篇(pian)土建(jian)工(gong)程施工(gong)組(zu)織設計，這就需(xu)要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻，歡迎閱(yue)讀由公務員之家整理的十篇(pian)范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

土建工程施工組織設計管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)強化能全面(mian)提(ti)升工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)，通過對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度預(yu)先進(jin)行統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)計(ji)劃和(he)(he)安排，以(yi)保證(zheng)日后工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)順利施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)正常(chang)投入使(shi)用。對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計(ji)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)強化，能對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)情況進(jin)行提(ti)前預(yu)測，從而建立(li)起(qi)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)防護(hu)措施(shi)，為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)創(chuang)造更(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)條件(jian)。此外，加強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計(ji)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，能夠將設計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)各種要素(su)進(jin)行統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)安排和(he)(he)整(zheng)合，為(wei)以(yi)后的(de)(de)現場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)奠定基礎。此外，還(huan)能更(geng)好(hao)(hao)地促進(jin)和(he)(he)協調施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位與(yu)其他單位部門之間(jian)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計(ji)管(guan)理的(de)(de)水平不(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)客觀實(shi)際的(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)反映，而且能夠在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中得(de)到切實(shi)的(de)(de)應用和(he)(he)執(zhi)行，從而真(zhen)正的(de)(de)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)正常(chang)進(jin)行，并取得(de)較好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)效果，為(wei)企業創(chuang)造經濟利益(yi)。

2土建工(gong)程施工(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)管理現狀(zhuang)分析(xi)

2．1過(guo)程實施中存(cun)在的問題

當前我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑市場正處于不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發展(zhan)和(he)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程，相(xiang)關制度建立(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠完善(shan)，仍然需要(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改進。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計具體實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方面存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)主要(yao)包括:①沒(mei)有(you)(you)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期長短(duan)(duan)與(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。很(hen)多時(shi)(shi)候(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)在(zai)規定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，就比較(jiao)重(zhong)視(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期問(wen)題(ti)，反而對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)很(hen)重(zhong)視(shi)［1］。甚至有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)搶工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)加(jia)班，忽視(shi)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)以及(ji)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)休息時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。②不(bu)(bu)(bu)能正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)項目技(ji)(ji)(ji)術質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程部(bu)門之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)做好為(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)樹立(li)威信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，一旦出現(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量問(wen)題(ti)，就將全(quan)(quan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任推卸給技(ji)(ji)(ji)術質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，使得這(zhe)(zhe)些技(ji)(ji)(ji)術管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)出現(xian)消極情緒。③個別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)領導對(dui)質量和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)總是(shi)抱(bao)有(you)(you)僥幸(xing)心理(li)(li)，認為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會出現(xian)質量和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)，但事(shi)實(shi)上(shang)質量和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)經常會發生。之(zhi)所以會出現(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期、質量和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)三者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)處理(li)(li)好，只是(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)純(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)追求(qiu)(qiu)企(qi)業經濟利(li)益，沒(mei)有(you)(you)根據(ju)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而是(shi)把它當作擺設，應付差事(shi)。其實(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)三者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)本身就有(you)(you)著(zhu)密不(bu)(bu)(bu)可分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，要(yao)想對(dui)質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)加(jia)大力度就一定(ding)要(yao)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本投入提(ti)升，同時(shi)(shi)也加(jia)大了(le)(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度，這(zhe)(zhe)必然會影響到施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長短(duan)(duan)。因(yin)此，很(hen)多單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)減少施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本，縮短(duan)(duan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期，就只能在(zai)質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)上(shang)降低要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長遠發展(zhan)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)應正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)三者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，以便于達成(cheng)比較(jiao)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

2．2技術人員(yuan)的能力(li)問(wen)題

隨著國(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)快速發展(zhan)，石(shi)化工業(ye)(ye)開始(shi)逐漸的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)，為建筑施工企(qi)業(ye)(ye)帶來(lai)了(le)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)利條件，同時(shi)也使施工單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)得(de)到了(le)擴大(da)(da)。但(dan)實際上施工單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)技術管理(li)水平(ping)卻一(yi)(yi)(yi)直沒有(you)(you)跟(gen)上時(shi)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)腳步。技術人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)能力對工程(cheng)(cheng)施工組織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)編制與實施有(you)(you)著重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)影響，現實中(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為了(le)滿(man)足施工需要(yao)(yao)，讓管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)身兼數(shu)職，使得(de)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)身心疲憊，再加上有(you)(you)很(hen)大(da)(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)施工人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并沒有(you)(you)經過專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)培訓就參與到施工建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)，使得(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)難(nan)以(yi)得(de)到保(bao)障(zhang)。工程(cheng)(cheng)施工中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)含著多(duo)種施工技術，要(yao)(yao)求參與施工的(de)(de)(de)工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)能力和技術水平(ping)，以(yi)便于在(zai)施工中(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)為工程(cheng)(cheng)提供質量(liang)(liang)保(bao)障(zhang)。但(dan)就當前的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況來(lai)看，想要(yao)(yao)在(zai)短時(shi)間內(nei)對工程(cheng)(cheng)技術管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)能力培訓和素質提升有(you)(you)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)度，并非(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)夕(xi)就能完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)加緊(jin)對工程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)培訓，并保(bao)證其有(you)(you)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)資格進行(xing)施工［2］。

2．3文件編制中存在的問題

當前的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)缺乏針對(dui)性(xing)，首先，由于技術(shu)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業知識缺失和(he)經驗(yan)不足，導(dao)致在技術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上比(bi)較(jiao)細致，而(er)對(dui)其他方面則比(bi)較(jiao)忽(hu)視，通(tong)常采取(qu)照搬照抄(chao)的(de)(de)(de)方法，沒(mei)有(you)結合工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)實際情況來進(jin)行編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其次，編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作人(ren)員并沒(mei)有(you)對(dui)現場情況和(he)圖紙進(jin)行詳(xiang)細研究，使(shi)得(de)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出的(de)(de)(de)內容不夠切實，缺少(shao)針對(dui)性(xing)。此(ci)外(wai)，很多的(de)(de)(de)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計只是為(wei)了應付檢(jian)查(cha)。因(yin)為(wei)我國建筑法中(zhong)(zhong)明文(wen)規(gui)定(ding)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)在進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)之(zhi)前一定(ding)要編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指導(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)計。正(zheng)是因(yin)為(wei)這樣的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)使(shi)得(de)不少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)為(wei)了搶(qiang)工(gong)期，盡快的(de)(de)(de)滿足施(shi)(shi)工(gong)要求，抓緊(jin)一切時間組織(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，但有(you)的(de)(de)(de)時候時間緊(jin)迫(po)，設(she)(she)計文(wen)件也(ye)不全(quan)，從而(er)使(shi)得(de)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)(zhi)成為(wei)了擺設(she)(she)。

3土建工(gong)程施工(gong)組織設計(ji)管理問題的解決對策

土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計管理能實現(xian)對土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)綜合性分析和(he)設計，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)重要指(zhi)導文件。對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)完善(shan)不但能充(chong)分地發揮出企(qi)業內部(bu)的(de)(de)潛(qian)能，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)能為工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)創造(zao)更(geng)好的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益和(he)社會(hui)效(xiao)益，幫(bang)助企(qi)業在激烈的(de)(de)市場競爭(zheng)環(huan)境中站穩腳(jiao)跟。

3．1正(zheng)確處理工期(qi)、質量和安全之間的關(guan)系(xi)

要想正確的(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)、質量(liang)和安全三者之間的(de)關系，無論是領導還是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)都應建立(li)起統一的(de)目(mu)標和思想。在(zai)進行(xing)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)的(de)過程中，大家應嚴格的(de)按照施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計要求(qiu)，每(mei)一個(ge)步驟都嚴格的(de)遵守制度要求(qiu)。同時在(zai)保證建設單位(wei)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)要求(qiu)前提下對(dui)(dui)(dui)質量(liang)進行(xing)嚴格的(de)控制，并做好安全管理(li)(li)。絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)能只看重工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)而(er)(er)忽(hu)視工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)。更不(bu)(bu)能為了搶工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)而(er)(er)加大工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)勞動強度，這樣只能使安全問題不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)出(chu)現(xian)。此外，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)的(de)領導應認真(zhen)履行(xing)執行(xing)項目(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計要求(qiu)，不(bu)(bu)能對(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量(liang)隨意降低或者調(diao)動，也不(bu)(bu)能忽(hu)視對(dui)(dui)(dui)安全技術方面的(de)資金(jin)投入。

3．2提升(sheng)施工人員(yuan)整體(ti)素質

一(yi)個企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展中(zhong)，無論是施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部分還是管理部分都需要有高(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)管理人(ren)才，土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計的(de)(de)(de)管理人(ren)員(yuan)也是如此，只(zhi)有擁有高(gao)技能、高(gao)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才，才能從(cong)根本(ben)上保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)安全。提(ti)(ti)(ti)升施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)素質(zhi)，最先要做到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)就是加(jia)(jia)大企業(ye)人(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)管理制(zhi)度(du)(du)，無論是制(zhi)度(du)(du)還是后續的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)過程中(zhong)都應(ying)加(jia)(jia)強管理。同時應(ying)適當的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升管理人(ren)員(yuan)薪資(zi)待(dai)遇，待(dai)遇上的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升能有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)積極性(xing)，從(cong)而更(geng)加(jia)(jia)努力(li)的(de)(de)(de)在崗(gang)位上奮斗。此外，加(jia)(jia)大企業(ye)內部的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)素質(zhi)培(pei)訓和(he)考核的(de)(de)(de)力(li)度(du)(du)，鼓勵人(ren)員(yuan)積極的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)入到(dao)一(yi)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)當中(zhong)去。通過各種專業(ye)技能培(pei)訓或者知識(shi)講座等方式，讓(rang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)能對(dui)相關的(de)(de)(de)法律知識(shi)和(he)行業(ye)規定有所(suo)了解(jie)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)素質(zhi)。

3．3施工組織(zhi)設計管(guan)理

首先，企(qi)業(ye)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)照抄現成的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規定，應(ying)(ying)(ying)對建筑中(zhong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要問題和影響(xiang)因素(su)等(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)清楚地標明(ming)，同時(shi)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)操作方法(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)簡要概述。其次，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)制定出比較具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃，其中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)明(ming)確的(de)(de)標明(ming)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度要求，同時(shi)也應(ying)(ying)(ying)對員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術等(deng)提出相關(guan)建議。再次，應(ying)(ying)(ying)突出施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業(ye)的(de)(de)內容，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)分(fen)析，因為主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量、安全和進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度都有(you)著明(ming)顯的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。此(ci)外，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)出現的(de)(de)不(bu)利(li)情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析和預測，建立起應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)系，保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)順利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

3．4加(jia)強監理制度

建設單位應不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)加強(qiang)企業制(zhi)度(du)建設，嚴格按照(zhao)國家的(de)標準和規定來完善(shan)內部管理(li)制(zhi)度(du)。在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場監(jian)理(li)的(de)過程中，現場施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)應該按照(zhao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計的(de)要求(qiu)，自覺(jue)履(lv)行自身職責，不(bu)(bu)能因為業主的(de)壓力而降(jiang)低對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量的(de)要求(qiu)。此外，應重視施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期、安全(quan)和質量三者之間的(de)關系監(jian)督(du)，重視施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)安全(quan)問(wen)題做好各個部門之間的(de)協調工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，盡量為施工(gong)(gong)(gong)創造更好的(de)條件。

4結束語

篇2

關鍵詞：10KV配網(wang)工(gong)程 土建 施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)總設計

1 總則

2 術語

3 基本規定

4 施(shi)工組(zu)織設計的內容

4.1 一般規定

4.2 常規內容

4.3 施工方法

1 總 則

1.0.1 為保證本土建工(gong)程施工(gong)安全按時(shi)科學規范的(de)完成，避(bi)免在施工(gong)過程中發生(sheng)責任不清、安全不到位等(deng)相關(guan)事故，提高(gao)工(gong)作效率(lv)，降(jiang)低(di)成本，特制定本組織設計。

1.0.2 本組織設計只適用于本單(dan)項土建工程(cheng)。

1.0.3 本(ben)組織(zhi)設(she)計引用規范(fan)(fan)是依(yi)據國(guo)家標準《建設(she)工程項目管理規范(fan)(fan)》GB/T50326-2001的基本(ben)原則，結合實際情況和工程實踐經(jing)驗(yan)編制。

1.0.4除執行本(ben)施工組織設(she)計外，尚應符合國(guo)家現行有關法律、法規(gui)和強(qiang)執性標準(zhun)的規(gui)定。

2 術 語

2.0.1 施(shi)工組織設(she)計 construction organization plan

以(yi)施工項目為對(dui)象(xiang)進(jin)行編制(zhi)，用(yong)以(yi)指導其建設全過程各項施工活動的技術、經濟、組織、協調和控制(zhi)的綜合(he)性文件(jian)。

2.0.2施工方案 working scheme

以(yi)單項施(shi)工(gong)項目或其中(zhong)的(de)某一個分部分項工(gong)程為對象進行編制，用以(yi)指(zhi)導其施(shi)工(gong)全過程并重點考慮施(shi)工(gong)方法，機械設(she)備(bei)利用，勞動力和(he)材(cai)料安排的(de)具(ju)體(ti)文件。

2.0.3 質量管理體系 quality management system

企業管理體系(xi)的一部分(fen)，包括為制定(ding)、實施、實現、評(ping)審(shen)和(he)保持質量方針所(suo)需的組織機構、策(ce)劃(hua)活動、職責(ze)、慣(guan)例(li)、程序、過程和(he)資源。

2.0.4 環境管理體系 environment management system

企業管理體系的一部分，包括為制定、實施、實現、評審和(he)保持環境(jing)方針所需的組織機(ji)構、策劃(hua)活動、職責、慣例(li)、程(cheng)(cheng)序、過程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)資(zi)源。

2.0.5施工工藝標準 construction technology operating specification

施工(gong)企業(ye)為達到不低(di)于國家標準所規定的(de)質(zhi)量指標，依據企業(ye)自身積累的(de)施

工經驗而(er)編(bian)制并在(zai)企業內部強制使用的施工操作說(shuo)明書(shu)。

2.0.6 橫道圖 program bar chart

將一項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)分解成若干項工(gong)(gong)(gong)序（或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作），每項工(gong)(gong)(gong)序（或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作）用一橫(heng)線(xian)表示，并將橫(heng)線(xian)置于時(shi)間(jian)坐標之上，用以(yi)表示整(zheng)個計劃(hua)中(zhong)各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)序（或(huo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作）的起始時(shi)間(jian)和持續時(shi)間(jian)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)序流(liu)程(cheng)圖。

2.0.7 網(wang)絡圖 program network diagram

一種由一系列箭桿和圓圈（節點）所(suo)組(zu)成的(de)網(wang)狀圖形(xing)，用(yong)以表(biao)示(shi)整個計劃(hua)中各項工序（或(huo)工作）的(de)先后次序所(suo)需要時(shi)間的(de)邏(luo)輯關系的(de)工序流(liu)程圖。

2.0.8 資源需求計劃 resource distribution plan

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)項目所需求的資源包含勞(lao)動力(li)、建(jian)筑材料、預(yu)制加工(gong)品、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)機具、生產工(gong)藝設備及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)設施(shi)(shi)共六種。

1勞動力需要(yao)量計劃(hua)：根據施(shi)(shi)工方案、施(shi)(shi)工進(jin)(jin)度和施(shi)(shi)工預算，依次(ci)確(que)定專(zhuan)業工種(zhong)、進(jin)(jin)場時間、勞動量和工人數，然(ran)后匯(hui)集成表格形式(shi)，作(zuo)為現場勞動力調配的依據。

2 建筑(zhu)材(cai)料需要(yao)量(liang)計劃(hua)：根(gen)據施工預算工料分析和施工進(jin)度，依次(ci)確定材(cai)料名稱、規格、數量(liang)和進(jin)場時間，并匯集(ji)成表格，作(zuo)為(wei)備料、確定堆場和倉庫面積(ji)以及組(zu)織(zhi)運(yun)輸的依據。

3 預制(zhi)(zhi)加工品需要量計(ji)劃(hua)：根據(ju)施工預算和施工進度計(ji)劃(hua)而(er)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)，作為預制(zhi)(zhi)品加工訂貨、確定堆場面(mian)積和組織運輸的依據(ju)。

4 施工(gong)(gong)機(ji)具需(xu)要量計劃：根據施工(gong)(gong)方案和施工(gong)(gong)進度計劃而編制，作(zuo)為落實施工(gong)(gong)機(ji)具進場(chang)的依據。

5 生產工藝(yi)設備需要量計(ji)劃：根(gen)據生產工藝(yi)布(bu)置圖和設備安(an)裝進度而編制，作為生產設備訂貨、組織運輸和進場(chang)后存放的依據。

6 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)需要量(liang)計劃：指根據項目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)需要，確定相應施(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，通常包括(kuo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)安全設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)環保設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)用房(fang)屋(wu)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)運輸(shu)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)通訊設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)供(gong)水設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)供(gong)電設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)和其(qi)他設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。

2.0.9 施工現場(chang)平面布置project layout plan

在施工場地范圍內，以緊(jin)湊(cou)合理(li)、盡量減少(shao)施工用地為原則，合理(li)布置各類施工機(ji)械、規劃施工道路、確(que)定各施工區域位置和場地面積、確(que)定辦公及生(sheng)活設(she)施的位置和面積、確(que)定施工用水(shui)電(dian)管網(wang)位置。

2.0.10 工程質(zhi)量目(mu)標(biao) construction quality abject

根據(ju)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程承包合同(tong)要求(qiu)，確(que)定建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)應達(da)(da)到(dao)的(de)水平。常見的(de)質量(liang)目標為：合同(tong)范圍內(nei)全部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)達(da)(da)到(dao)國(guo)家施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)驗收(shou)規范的(de)要求(qiu)。業主亦可與(yu)承包商通過協商，確(que)定質量(liang)目標為達(da)(da)到(dao)市(shi)優工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程、省優工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程、國(guo)家優質工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程等。

2.0.11 成(cheng)本控(kong)制措施 construction cost control

項目經理(li)部(bu)在項目成本形(xing)成的(de)過程(cheng)中，為控制人、機、料消(xiao)耗和費(fei)用支(zhi)出，降低工程(cheng)成本，達到預(yu)期的(de)項目成本目標，所(suo)進行(xing)的(de)成本預(yu)測(ce)、計(ji)劃、實施(shi)、核算、分(fen)析、考核、整理(li)成本資料和編制成本報告等一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)活(huo)動。

2.0.12 項目施工風險 project construction risk

通過調查、分析、論證，預測可能使施工方產生(sheng)損失的不確定因素發生(sheng)的發生(sheng)概率及其后果。

2.0.13 施工風險(xian)防范 construction risk prevention in project

承包(bao)(bao)商在對施工項目進行風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)識別和(he)衡量之后(hou)，根據風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)性質、發生(sheng)概率(lv)和(he)損失程(cheng)度，以及承包(bao)(bao)商自(zi)身的(de)(de)狀態和(he)外(wai)部(bu)環境，針對各(ge)種風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)采取不同的(de)(de)防(fang)范策略(lve)。常用的(de)(de)防(fang)范風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)策略(lve)有回避風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、轉移(yi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、自(zi)留(liu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、利用風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等。

3 基本規定

3.0.1本施(shi)(shi)工組織設(she)計(ji)必須在工程項目開工前(qian)進行(xing)編(bian)制，嚴(yan)禁邊施(shi)(shi)工邊編(bian)制或(huo)施(shi)(shi)工完畢補編(bian)制。

3.0.4對于相(xiang)關(guan)施工(gong)工(gong)藝標(biao)準(zhun)中有的內容，本(ben)施工(gong)組織設計沒(mei)有編寫，可參照工(gong)程部制定(ding)的相(xiang)關(guan)規格(ge)和質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)。

3.0.7 本施工組(zu)織設計編制前已(yi)熟悉現(xian)場、已(yi)掌握招標文件和施工圖紙，已(yi)到現(xian)場進行(xing)實地調研并(bing)搜集有關施工資料(liao)。

3.0.8 本施工組織設計的編制遵循了(le)下列指導思想：

1 根據(ju)實際情(qing)況制定合理科學的(de)施工方案和施工工藝；

2 采(cai)用現(xian)代建(jian)筑(zhu)管理原(yuan)理、流(liu)水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法和網絡計劃技術(shu)，組織有節(jie)奏、均衡和連續地(di)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)；

3 認真編制各項實施計(ji)劃(hua)，嚴格控制工(gong)程質量、工(gong)程進度、工(gong)程成(cheng)本，確(que)保安(an)全生產和文(wen)明(ming)施工(gong)，作(zuo)好環境保護；

4 充分利用施工機械(xie)和設備，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)施工機械(xie)化(hua)、自動化(hua)程度(du)，改善(shan)勞動條件，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)產率；

5 科學安排臺風、雨季(ji)、夏季(ji)高溫施(shi)工，保證施(shi)工生產的均(jun)衡(heng)性和連續性；

6 擴大預制(zhi)裝(zhuang)配范圍，提高建筑(zhu)工業化程度；

7 盡(jin)可能利用(yong)永久性設(she)施和組裝式施工設(she)施，科(ke)學地規劃施工總平面，努力減少施工設(she)施建造量(liang)和施工用(yong)地；

8 優(you)化(hua)現場物(wu)資(zi)儲(chu)存量(liang)，確定物(wu)資(zi)儲(chu)存方式，盡(jin)量(liang)減少(shao)庫存量(liang)和物(wu)資(zi)損耗。

3.0.9 本施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計中(zhong)的(de)施工(gong)方案(an)、進度計劃和現(xian)場平面布置是經過多種方案(an)比較的(de)基礎上，從(cong)中(zhong)擇優。

3.0.10本施(shi)工組織設計(ji)沒有(you)使用國家、省、市(shi)明令淘汰和(he)禁止的建筑材料和(he)施(shi)工工藝。

4 施(shi)工組織設計(ji)的(de)內(nei)容

4.1一 般 規 定(ding)

4.1.1 施工組織(zhi)設計(ji)的內容(rong)真實(shi)性強，能夠客觀反映實(shi)際情況(kuang)。

4.1.2 施工組織設計(ji)的內容(rong)涵蓋項目的施工全過(guo)程，作到技術(shu)先進、部(bu)署合理、工藝成(cheng)熟，針對性、指導性、可操作性強。

4.1.3 施工組織設計(ji)的內(nei)容(rong)包括常規內(nei)容(rong)和(he)施工方法，同(tong)時根據工程實(shi)際情況和(he)企業(ye)素質(zhi)，可(ke)增設附加(jia)內(nei)容(rong)。

4.2常 規(gui) 內 容

4.2.1 編(bian)制依據及說明；

本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（土建）依據2005年10KV及以下配網建設(she)(she)(she)與改(gai)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)單項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)《石排(pai)鎮石洲大道四回路架設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》線路平面(mian)走向圖、本(ben)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊多年的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗(yan)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)能力及技(ji)(ji)術裝備及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場實際情況、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)自然條(tiao)件(jian)編制而成。本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)緊(jin)，質量(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)高，為保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)優良的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)達到一流水平，本(ben)《施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)》中(zhong)提出(chu)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法和(he)技(ji)(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，力求(qiu)具(ju)體、實用(yong)、針對(dui)性強，同時積極(ji)慎重地推(tui)廣和(he)應(ying)用(yong)先進的(de)(de)新(xin)材料(liao)、新(xin)設(she)(she)(she)備、新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，向科技(ji)(ji)要質量(liang)(liang)、要工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)、要效(xiao)益。本(ben)《施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)》是直接指(zhi)導施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)依據。圍(wei)繞質量(liang)(liang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)和(he)安全(quan)這(zhe)三(san)大目標，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)、勞動(dong)力組織、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度計(ji)劃控(kong)制、機(ji)械設(she)(she)(she)備周轉材料(liao)配備、主要技(ji)(ji)術方案(an)及措施(shi)(shi)(shi)、安全(quan)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)、文明施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及成品保(bao)(bao)護和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)等各個方面(mian)，做了統籌考(kao)慮，突出(chu)其科學(xue)性和(he)可行性

4.2.2 工程概況；

4.2.2.1 工程構成(cheng)狀況(kuang)；

本工程（土建(jian)）共(gong)澆(jiao)鑄BC-93鐵(tie)塔2基，澆(jiao)鑄BB-27鐵(tie)塔14基。共(gong)需(xu)開挖土石方292立方，施工過程中要消耗水泥400包、紅磚30000塊、石仔(zi)20砘、細沙30砘。

4.2.2.2 為保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)如(ru)期交付，本工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)要出動現(xian)場勘測員1名(ming)(ming)、現(xian)場技術員2名(ming)(ming)、技工(gong)(gong)3名(ming)(ming)、力工(gong)(gong)20名(ming)(ming)；動用人貨(huo)車(che)1部(bu)、挖機(ji)1部(bu)、攪拌(ban)機(ji)1部(bu)。

4.2.2.3 本工程地處石洲大道田(tian)寮段，位于公路(lu)一側，此公路(lu)比較繁忙，車輛(liang)與行人(ren)較多，所以(yi)在施(shi)工過(guo)程中，安全因素(su)尤為重要。

4.2.3 施(shi)工準備工作；

1 開(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)，需要石排供電公司工(gong)(gong)程部(bu)到(dao)現場定(ding)位(wei)，并和當(dang)地政府協商(shang)好用地事宜方可開(kai)(kai)工(gong)(gong)；

2 施(shi)工前，派車輛和力工將(jiang)施(shi)工所(suo)需(xu)的(de)原材料(水泥、砂、石等)運(yun)到施(shi)工現場(chang)，隨(sui)時準(zhun)備開工。（同時派人看守(shou)，以防被盜）

4.2.4 施工管理組(zu)織機構；

4.2.5 施(shi)工部署(shu)；

4.2.5.1 工程總(zong)體目標；

爭取在(zai)16個工(gong)作日內完成16個鐵(tie)塔基(ji)礎的(de)澆濤，爭取在(zai)2005年9月10號前交(jiao)付工(gong)程。

4.2.5.2工程(cheng)總體施工方案。

(B)澆筑施工

1　現澆砼施工

有鋼筋砼基(ji)礎(chu)施(shi)工(gong)比較復雜，工(gong)作量(liang)大，澆筑適(shi)應(ying)性大，能(neng)適(shi)應(ying)各(ge)種(zhong)載荷條件和各(ge)種(zhong)土(tu)壤地質情況。

2　立模：

目前基礎采用木。

首先(xian)在(zai)基礎(chu)坑(keng)內(nei)組裝(zhuang)底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)臺階模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)（基礎(chu)底(di)(di)部如為自成模(mo)(mo)可(ke)(ke)免去），然后逐層(ceng)(ceng)安裝(zhuang)、固定各層(ceng)(ceng)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)間應(ying)用U形卡、L形插銷連接(jie)(jie)牢固，再由下(xia)向上(shang)拼裝(zhuang)，也(ye)有模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的支(zhi)立(li)采用懸吊法，模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)四周應(ying)設支(zhi)撐，每個部位支(zhi)撐不(bu)可(ke)(ke)少于兩點，一般支(zhi)撐在(zai)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)寬度的三分之一位置或接(jie)(jie)縫(feng)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)處(chu)。在(zai)模(mo)(mo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的內(nei)表面(mian)涂刷隔離劑(ji)或脫模(mo)(mo)劑(ji)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)用廢(fei)變壓(ya)器油(you)或廢(fei)機(ji)油(you)代(dai)替，嚴禁滴漏到(dao)混凝土上(shang)或涂到(dao)基礎(chu)鋼(gang)筋上(shang)。

在(zai)模(mo)板(ban)的安(an)裝過(guo)程中，坑(keng)下作業(ye)要根據(ju)基礎坑(keng)大小安(an)排施工人(ren)員，模(mo)板(ban)要有(you)專(zhuan)人(ren)傳(chuan)遞，基礎坑(keng)較深(shen)時(shi)，要用繩索栓緊后進行(xing)傳(chuan)遞，用U形(xing)卡(ka)(ka)或L形(xing)插銷連接模(mo)板(ban)時(shi)，待(dai)插銷插入模(mo)板(ban)孔后再用小錘敲打(da)固(gu)定(ding)，不得(de)強行(xing)敲打(da)，防止U形(xing)卡(ka)(ka)或L形(xing)插銷飛(fei)出傷(shang)人(ren)。立(li)柱模(mo)應(ying)用鋼管或角鋼，在(zai)上下端加箍，并輔以木樁打(da)撐(cheng)。模(mo)板(ban)立(li)好后，應(ying)仔細檢查各部構件是否牢固(gu)，在(zai)澆筑(zhu)過(guo)程中應(ying)經常檢查，特別(bie)是機(ji)械震搗(dao)，極(ji)易使(shi)模(mo)板(ban)、卡(ka)(ka)子松動，如有(you)移位(wei)、傾斜(xie)要及時(shi)修整加固(gu)，并采取(qu)可(ke)靠的補救措施，而(er)地腳螺(luo)栓固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)鋼模(mo)上時(shi)更應(ying)牢固(gu)可(ke)靠。

3　砼攪拌

砼(tong)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)分(fen)人工攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)機械(xie)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)。人工攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)一般是(shi)水泥、砂石(shi)、水都已運到現場。并且拌(ban)(ban)(ban)一板(ban)(ban)就往(wang)坑內下一板(ban)(ban)。人工攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)用鍬交叉攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)進(jin)行，防止鐵鍬傷人。機械(xie)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)要(yao)根據攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)機的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)（最好(hao)是(shi)1包水泥或2包水泥拌(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)的(de)(de)砼(tong)容(rong)量(liang)接近攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)）確(que)定(ding)每一拌(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)砂、石(shi)料(liao)用量(liang)，攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)間最短不得超過1分(fen)鐘。采用機械(xie)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)，攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)機的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源要(yao)可靠、刀閘和(he)(he)線路要(yao)絕緣良(liang)好(hao)，防止漏電(dian)(dian)傷人。

4　砼的下料及振搗

下料前(qian)應清除坑(keng)內雜物、積水。對干燥的坑(keng)基(ji)可用(yong)水濕潤，防(fang)止砼石(shi)、漿分離，其自(zi)由傾(qing)落高底不(bu)得超過(guo)2米，如(ru)超過(guo)則(ze)應采(cai)用(yong)漏斗(dou)串(chuan)筒，串(chuan)筒離地面(mian)0.5米下段應垂直地面(mian)，以防(fang)前(qian)后漿的石(shi)漿分離現場，下料時(shi)(shi)應避(bi)免連續在一側下料，否則(ze)會(hui)使模板(ban)受力不(bu)均產生位移，一般(ban)(ban)大雨天(tian)不(bu)宜澆筑(zhu)。砼的振搗有人工(gong)振搗和機(ji)械振搗兩種方法(fa)，目前(qian)一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)取機(ji)械振搗，因(yin)為(wei)人工(gong)振搗質量很(hen)難保證，且施(shi)工(gong)進度慢(man)，澆筑(zhu)的時(shi)(shi)間長。

人工(gong)振搗，在無筋(jin)(jin)砼(tong)的施工(gong)中(zhong)，每250 mm厚度振搗一次(ci)，具體(ti)操作為用(yong)鋼釬(han)不斷插搖(yao)，同時用(yong)腳底(di)踏振，直至整塊基(ji)礎連(lian)成整體(ti)，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)形成光(guang)滑漿面(mian)(mian)為止(zhi)。在有筋(jin)(jin)砼(tong)基(ji)礎中(zhong)，每150mm厚度搗振一次(ci)。

機械(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)，按快(kuai)插(cha)慢撥的(de)原則使砼(tong)均勻振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)，同(tong)一(yi)位置振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)時間(jian)為10——20s，以砼(tong)中氣泡(pao)逸出，砼(tong)表(biao)面呈(cheng)水泥漿狀(zhuang)為止(zhi)，要防止(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)時間(jian)過(guo)長(chang)。機械(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)排列式(shi)和交錯式(shi)兩種，插(cha)點距不應大于作用(yong)(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑的(de)1.5倍，插(cha)點距模板(ban)的(de)距離不應大于作用(yong)(yong)(yong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)徑的(de)一(yi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)。振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)棒(bang)應插(cha)到(dao)下一(yi)層砼(tong)內的(de)3——5cm深(shen)處，振(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)棒(bang)應盡量避(bi)免碰接地腳(jiao)螺栓和模板(ban)。

5　養護

澆(jiao)制好的(de)砼基(ji)礎，要(yao)進行養(yang)護(hu)，防(fang)止因干燥(zao)而龜(gui)裂。必須在澆(jiao)完后12小時(shi)(shi)內開始，炎(yan)熱(re)或有風(feng)天氣(qi)3小時(shi)(shi)以后開始，澆(jiao)水養(yang)護(hu)用濕的(de)草(cao)袋或席(xi)子(zi)、稻草(cao)等蓋(gai)在混凝土上(shang)，經常澆(jiao)水、保(bao)持(chi)濕潤。直(zhi)到拆(chai)模，拆(chai)模后如不立即(ji)回(hui)填(tian)基(ji)坑，對(dui)外露部(bu)分仍(reng)繼續(xu)遮蓋(gai)保(bao)護(hu)。在養(yang)護(hu)期間，基(ji)礎的(de)周圍(wei)要(yao)掛(gua)標識或設置圍(wei)攔，防(fang)止人員掉到坑內受傷。

6　拆模

基礎(chu)拆模(mo)(mo)時要求(qiu)強度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)低于設計強度(du)(du)的25%，拆模(mo)(mo)時間隨養(yang)護(hu)的環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)(du)及所(suo)有(you)水泥的品(pin)種而有(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，采用鋼(gang)模(mo)(mo)板澆制的砼，拆模(mo)(mo)時間稍早一些，拆模(mo)(mo)應自(zi)上而下(xia)進行，敲(qiao)擊要得當(dang)，應保證砼表面棱(leng)角不(bu)(bu)受損壞(huai)，立柱較大的基礎(chu)模(mo)(mo)板在拆過程中，應兩人(ren)操作，模(mo)(mo)板拆完后不(bu)(bu)得亂丟(diu)，應整(zheng)齊擺(bai)放(fang)在空曠(kuang)的位置。人(ren)員不(bu)(bu)得在模(mo)(mo)板上走(zou)動，防止滑倒傷人(ren)。

轉貼于 　7回填

對于現澆砼鐵(tie)塔基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)，在澆筑完畢，拆(chai)模(mo)以后(hou)(hou)經(jing)過監(jian)理公(gong)司及生技部人員驗收(shou)，合格后(hou)(hou)進行(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)。基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)部是密(mi)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原樣(yang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，而上(shang)(shang)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)一(yi)般要(yao)求(qiu)達(da)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)實(shi)度(du)。要(yao)把回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)能夯(hang)實(shi)到(dao)與(yu)原狀(zhuang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)一(yi)樣(yang)，事實(shi)上(shang)(shang)回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)密(mi)實(shi)度(du)普(pu)遍達(da)不到(dao)要(yao)求(qiu)，就(jiu)使(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)抗上(shang)(shang)撥及抗傾復的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力大為(wei)降低。1)一(yi)般土(tu)(tu)(tu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)，每填(tian)(tian)入300mm厚(hou)，要(yao)夯(hang)實(shi)一(yi)次。夯(hang)實(shi)時(shi)應(ying)不使(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)移動和傾斜(xie)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)中可摻(chan)塊石，但樹(shu)根、樹(shu)枝等雜草必須清除(chu)(chu)。2）對于巖石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)在回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)時(shi)應(ying)按設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)比例摻(chan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，以減少空隙，保證基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)。若設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)無(wu)規定(ding)(ding)時(shi)，可按石與(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例為(wei)3：1均勻摻(chan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)實(shi)。3）凍(dong)(dong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)坑(keng)回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)時(shi)應(ying)清除(chu)(chu)坑(keng)內冰(bing)雪，將(jiang)大凍(dong)(dong)塊打(da)碎并摻(chan)以碎土(tu)(tu)(tu)，凍(dong)(dong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)塊最大允許尺寸為(wei)150mm，且不允許夾(jia)雜冰(bing)雪塊。4）對不宜夯(hang)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大孔性土(tu)(tu)(tu)，砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥(ni)、凍(dong)(dong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)等回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)時(shi)應(ying)按設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)或在工期允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，可采取二(er)次回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)，但架線時(shi)其回(hui)(hui)(hui)填(tian)(tian)密(mi)實(shi)度(du)應(ying)符(fu)合上(shang)(shang)述規定(ding)(ding)。工期短又無(wu)法夯(hang)實(shi)，達(da)不到(dao)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)采取臨時(shi)拉線或其它能使(shi)(shi)桿(gan)塔穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是確保基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)和桿(gan)塔的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全。

4.2.6 施工現場平面布置與(yu)管理；

4.2.6.1 施工現(xian)場各個不同階段的(de)平面(mian)布(bu)置(zhi)；

(A)基礎(chu)開挖階段

(B)澆濤階段

4.2.6.2 施工臨(lin)時用(yong)水；

本施工隊自己解決用(yong)水問題(ti).

4.2.6.3 施工臨時用電

本施工隊自(zi)己解決用(yong)電問題.(自(zi)發電)

4.2.7 施工進度計劃；

4.2.7.1 保(bao)證工期措施；

我施工隊為了能按標準按期完成本工程，盡(jin)早發揮投(tou)資效(xiao)益，我們(men)主要采取下列措施：

1、施(shi)工力量迅速進場

實施本合(he)同的施工隊(dui)伍已(yi)選定，目前(qian)(qian)已(yi)開(kai)始熟悉投標(biao)圖(tu)紙，開(kai)工報告審批(pi)后(hou)即可迅(xun)速(su)進場，進行施工準備。機械設備將(jiang)隨同施工隊(dui)伍迅(xun)速(su)抵達(da)，確保主體工程按時（或(huo)提前(qian)(qian)）開(kai)工。

2、施工(gong)準(zhun)備(bei)抓早(zao)抓緊

盡快做好施(shi)工(gong)準備工(gong)作(zuo)，認真(zhen)復核圖紙，進一(yi)步完善(shan)施(shi)工(gong)組織設計，落實重大施(shi)工(gong)方案，積極配合(he)業主及有關(guan)單位辦理征地(di)拆遷手續。主動(dong)疏通地(di)方關(guan)系，取得地(di)方政(zheng)府及有關(guan)部門的支持，施(shi)工(gong)中遇到問題影響進度時，將統籌安排，及時調整，確保總體工(gong)期。

3、施工組織不斷(duan)優化

以投標的(de)施(shi)(shi)工組織進度(du)和工期要求為(wei)據，及時完善(shan)施(shi)(shi)工組織設計(ji)，落實施(shi)(shi)工方案，報監(jian)理工程師審批。根據施(shi)(shi)工情況變化(hua)(hua)，不斷進行設計(ji)、優化(hua)(hua)，使工序銜接，勞動力(li)組織、機具設備、工期安排等有利(li)于施(shi)(shi)工生產。

4、施工調度高效運轉

5、對工(gong)(gong)程交叉和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)干擾(rao)應(ying)加強(qiang)指揮和(he)(he)協調，對重大關(guan)鍵問(wen)題超前研究，制定措施，及時調整工(gong)(gong)序和(he)(he)調動人、財、物、機，保證工(gong)(gong)程的連續性(xing)和(he)(he)均(jun)衡性(xing)。

6、強化施工(gong)管理嚴明勞動紀(ji)律，對勞動力實行動態管理，優化組合(he)，使作(zuo)業專(zhuan)業化、正規(gui)化。

7、安排好(hao)雨季的施工

根據(ju)石排鎮(zhen)的(de)氣(qi)象、水文資料，有(you)預見性地(di)調整(zheng)各項工作的(de)施(shi)工順序，并(bing)作好預防工作，使工程能有(you)序和不間斷的(de)進行(xing)。

8、加強(qiang)機械設備管(guan)理

切實做到加(jia)強(qiang)機(ji)械設備(bei)的檢修和(he)維修工作，配齊維修人員，配足常用配件(jian)，確保機(ji)械正常運(yun)轉，對主要工序(xu)要儲備(bei)一定(ding)的備(bei)用機(ji)械，確保機(ji)械化施工順利進行。

9、確保勞力充足，高效(xiao)

根據工程(cheng)需(xu)要(yao)，配備充足的技(ji)術(shu)人員和技(ji)術(shu)工人，并采用各項(xiang)措(cuo)施(shi)，提高勞動者技(ji)術(shu)素質和工作效率。

4.2.7.2 施工(gong)進度計劃；

2005-8-17 #19塔(ta)土(tu)石方開挖(wa)

2005-8-18 #20塔土石方開挖\#19塔澆濤

2005-8-19 #21、#22塔(ta)土石方開挖\#20、#21塔(ta)澆濤

2005-8-20 #23、#24塔土石方開挖\#22、#23塔澆濤

 2005-8-21 #25、#26塔(ta)土石方開挖(wa)\#23、#24塔(ta)澆濤(tao)

2005-8-22 #27、#28塔土石方開挖\#25、#26塔澆(jiao)濤

2005-8-23 #29、#30塔土(tu)石方開挖(wa)\#27、#28塔澆濤(tao)

2005-8-24 #31、#32塔土石方開挖\#29、#30塔澆濤

2005-8-25 #33、#34塔(ta)(ta)土(tu)石方開挖\#31、#32塔(ta)(ta)澆(jiao)濤(tao)

2005-8-26 #35塔土石(shi)方(fang)開(kai)挖\#33、#34塔澆濤

2005-8-27 #35塔(ta)澆濤

2005-8-18至(zhi)2005-9-5鐵塔保養

2005-9-8 工程交付

（以(yi)上進度計劃如遇有天氣等(deng)原因造(zao)成無法開工的，可(ke)相應推(tui)遲）

4.2.8 工(gong)程質量保證措施；

4.2.8.1 質量(liang)管理組織(zhi)機構；(見強力安(an)裝公司質保(bao)機構圖)

4.2.8.2 保證(zheng)質量的(de)技術管理措(cuo)施(shi)；

本著對(dui)工(gong)程高度(du)負責的態度(du)，我們將貫徹“質量(liang)第一、科(ke)學(xue)管理、守約重譽、用戶滿(man)意(yi)”的質量(liang)方(fang)針，認真執行(xing)國(guo)家(jia)有關(guan)質量(liang)法(fa)(fa)令(ling)、法(fa)(fa)規驗收(shou)規程和有關(guan)標(biao)準，嚴格按合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)文件、圖紙要求進行(xing)施工(gong)，確保工(gong)程質量(liang)目標(biao)的實現。保證承建的工(gong)程安全、可靠、耐久、美觀；工(gong)程產品質量(liang)合(he)(he)(he)格率100%，優(you)良率滿(man)足(zu)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)要求；合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)履約率100%；

4.2.8.3 材料(liao)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)制(zhi)度；(由(you)強力(li)公(gong)司(si)負責材料(liao)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan))

4.2.8.4 工(gong)程質(zhi)量的(de)保修計劃。

工(gong)程開工(gong)到工(gong)程投入使用，我施工(gong)隊將全程跟蹤(zong)土建項目(mu)，不斷改(gai)進，不斷更新.

4.2.9 安全(quan)生產保證措施；

施工(gong)人員(yuan)必(bi)須(xu)經技術(shu)操作培訓合(he)格(ge)后方可進(jin)入現(xian)場(chang)施工(gong)，樹(shu)立(li)“安全(quan)(quan)第一，預防為主”的思想(xiang)，對(dui)入場(chang)工(gong)人進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)(quan)員(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)培訓，以班組為單位每周進(jin)行(xing)一次安全(quan)(quan)活動。進(jin)入施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)必(bi)須(xu)戴安全(quan)(quan)帽。特殊工(gong)種必(bi)須(xu)持(chi)證上(shang)崗。

4.2.10 雨季、臺(tai)風及(ji)夏季高(gao)溫季節(jie)的施工保證措施。

石排鎮(zhen)近期多雷雨多臺風，而施工(gong)現場(chang)處(chu)于(yu)公路一側，兩處(chu)沒有可以(yi)避雨避暑(shu)的(de)(de)地方，所以(yi)我們施工(gong)隊(dui)在(zai)工(gong)期緊張(zhang)的(de)(de)時候在(zai)現場(chang)搭建竹棚(peng)，以(yi)備員工(gong)休(xiu)息(xi).并且嚴禁在(zai)高溫(wen)及雷雨天氣下作業.

4.3附 加 內(nei) 容

4.3.1施工機械配備(bei)(附表)

4.3.2主(zhu)要施工(gong)人員(yuan)表(附表)

4.3.3主要器(qi)具合格證書(附(fu)表)

4.3.4工(gong)程平(ping)面走向圖(附表：由(you)工(gong)程部下發(fa)的)

4.3.5鐵(tie)塔(ta)基礎(chu)圖(附表(biao)：由(you)工程部(bu)頒發的)

篇3

【關(guan)鍵詞】施(shi)工(gong)組織設計； 標底； 招標設計； 水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)

一、前言

隨(sui)著社會(hui)發展以及各項法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)的(de)(de)健全，我國的(de)(de)基礎建(jian)設項目(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)逐步走上了(le)規(gui)范化的(de)(de)運行軌(gui)道，因此，水(shui)利工程建(jian)設項目(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)投(tou)標(biao)的(de)(de)方式來(lai)完成對施工單位(wei)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)投(tou)標(biao)使得水(shui)利建(jian)筑市場變成了(le)買房的(de)(de)市場，從(cong)而業主通(tong)(tong)過(guo)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)使用有(you)限的(de)(de)資金(jin)選擇(ze)更加(jia)優良的(de)(de)企業，能夠達到降低成本(ben)、保證工期、保證質量以及最大限度的(de)(de)發揮投(tou)資效益的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)。

二、水利工程標底施工組織設計的重要性(xing)

水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)底(di)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計作(zuo)(zuo)為貫穿于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目開(kai)發建設(she)(she)(she)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)指(zhi)導(dao)性文件，主要(yao)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目招投標(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)開(kai)展、承(cheng)包(bao)合同(tong)的(de)(de)順利(li)簽訂、水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)順利(li)實施以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目落實所需(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)相關技術(shu)內容進行有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)指(zhi)導(dao)。水利(li)標(biao)底(di)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計是(shi)根據水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)編制的(de)(de)技術(shu)經(jing)濟文件。其中(zhong)包(bao)括的(de)(de)內容是(shi)技術(shu)和經(jing)濟相結(jie)合，既解決技術(shu)問題，又要(yao)考慮經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)果。同(tong)時，水利(li)標(biao)底(di)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計是(shi)一種(zhong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)性文件。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)性是(shi)指(zhi)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計的(de)(de)對(dui)象是(shi)整體的(de)(de)，文件內容是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)，作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)方位的(de)(de)。此外，水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計還對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目承(cheng)包(bao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)具有(you)一定的(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，從投標(biao)開(kai)始(shi)到竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結(jie)束貫穿于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)發的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

三(san)、進行水利工(gong)程標底施工(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)的參考依據(ju)

水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開展(zhan)應參照(zhao)國家有關建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關法(fa)律、法(fa)規(gui)以(yi)及不同地方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度進行(xing)(xing)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)性(xing)與合(he)理性(xing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)寫要(yao)以(yi)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)規(gui)范》為指導進行(xing)(xing)，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面性(xing)以(yi)及編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效性(xing)。此外(wai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)圖紙為重要(yao)參考資料(liao)，并要(yao)深入(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場對(dui)現場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境進行(xing)(xing)全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解，選擇合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案，根據水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)情(qing)況擬定(ding)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)，選擇業內信譽良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)并具(ju)備水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)資質的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位承擔項(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，同時(shi)還要(yao)結合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)規(gui)模對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)進度進行(xing)(xing)預(yu)估(gu)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程各個(ge)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)落實進行(xing)(xing)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)安(an)排，確保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有條(tiao)不紊的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)(xing)。

四、水利(li)工程標底施工組織設計的分類標準(zhun)以及各(ge)項內容

水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)標(biao)(biao)底施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)編制工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)以招投(tou)標(biao)(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)為分界(jie)點，可(ke)以分為標(biao)(biao)前設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)和標(biao)(biao)后(hou)(hou)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)兩(liang)類。所謂標(biao)(biao)前設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)主要是指(zhi)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招投(tou)標(biao)(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)開始之(zhi)前所進行(xing)(xing)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，標(biao)(biao)前設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)開展主要是確保(bao)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)招投(tou)標(biao)(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利開展以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)合(he)同簽訂工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利進行(xing)(xing)而(er)實施的(de)。標(biao)(biao)后(hou)(hou)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)主要內容包括：施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)總設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、單體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、分部工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。標(biao)(biao)后(hou)(hou)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)主要目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)在(zai)于通過科學合(he)理(li)的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利進行(xing)(xing)選擇適合(he)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)，同時對(dui)各(ge)種人力(li)、物力(li)、財力(li)資源進行(xing)(xing)合(he)理(li)的(de)統籌(chou)與規(gui)劃，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)周期進行(xing)(xing)合(he)理(li)的(de)安排，標(biao)(biao)后(hou)(hou)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)開展為確保(bao)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利進行(xing)(xing)奠定了良好的(de)基礎。

五、水利工程標底(di)施工組織設計的(de)具體思路和操(cao)作

1、一般項目

一般(ban)項目(mu)都(dou)采用總價(jia)承包，包括進(jin)場、退場及臨(lin)時設施。

（1）進場

包括進場(chang)人員的(de)數量及 進場(chang)施 工機(ji)械與設備的(de)重量。

（2）退場

包括退場(chang)人(ren)員的數量、施工(gong)(gong)機械(xie)及設備(bei)的重(zhong)量以及完工(gong)(gong)清(qing)場(chang)、環境(jing)恢(hui)復、雜物外運等人(ren)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)日和(he)機械(xie)臺班(ban)。

（3）臨時設施

A、施工交通

有兩種(zhong)主要方(fang)式，一(yi)種(zhong)是提(ti)供(gong)(gong)施工道路(lu)的長度(du)、等(deng)級、路(lu)基與(yu)路(lu)面寬 度(du)、路(lu)面型式等(deng)；另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)種(zhong)是除提(ti)供(gong)(gong)第一(yi)種(zhong)所有參數外(wai)，還提(ti)供(gong)(gong)土石方(fang)開挖(wa)與(yu)填筑、砌石及(ji)橋(qiao)涵等(deng)工程量及(ji)其施工方(fang)法，設(she)計(ji)深度(du)較第一(yi)種(zhong)深。

B、施工供電

包(bao)括變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi) （布置在用(yong)戶(hu)較集中的(de)地方）、備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源（一(yi)般為柴油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組）、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（從變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)或變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)至高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)用(yong)戶(hu)）、低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（從變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)或變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)至低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)用(yong)戶(hu)）、低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)動(dong)力線、10kV 高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)架空線（從業主(zhu)提(ti)供的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)至變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi) ）、開關柜、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)或配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房以及(ji)土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)量（土(tu)石(shi)方開挖與回填或場地平整、漿砌(qi)石(shi)或混(hun)凝土(tu)基(ji)礎(chu)）及(ji)其施工(gong)方法等。

C、施工供水

施(shi)工(gong)單位自己負責本標(biao)段的施(shi)工(gong)供(gong)水(shui)。該(gai)種方式施(shi)工(gong)組織設計包括平面(mian)布置、工(gong)藝流程、

所有土建工(gong)程(cheng)量及(ji)其(qi)施工(gong)方法。業主提供高位(wei)水池，并(bing)以固定價格(ge)向施工(gong)單位(wei)出(chu)售。

D、施工照明

主要包括高壓(ya)氮燈、碘鎢燈或太(tai)陽燈、照明線路(lu)鋪設等(deng)。

E、施工通信

對(dui)內通(tong)(tong)信：程(cheng)控交換機、對(dui)講機及(ji)通(tong)(tong) 訊(xun)電纜或(huo)線 路架(jia)設(she)等；對(dui)外通(tong)(tong)信：直撥電話、傳真(zhen)機、移動電話及(ji)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)電纜或(huo)線路架(jia)設(she)等。

F、混凝土(tu)生產系統

平面布置：土建工(gong)程量及其施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)法，水泥倉庫、空氣壓縮機(ji)室(shi)、外加劑間、操(cao)作室(shi)、試驗室(shi)、工(gong)具室(shi)等(deng)建筑(zhu)面積以及用(yong)水量、用(yong)風量、用(yong)電(dian)量、生產運行方(fang)式。

工(gong)藝流程：拌和樓或攪拌機選(xuan)(xuan)型，膠(jiao)帶機、給料設(she)備、水泥輸送(song)設(she)備、空氣壓縮機選(xuan)(xuan)

型(xing)，水泥罐、摻(chan)合料罐的規格和(he)數量(liang)，制冷(leng)、供熱設備(bei)選(xuan)型(xing)。

2、導流和水流控制工程(cheng)

（1）總價承包項目

A、施工圍堰

包括土石方開挖、碾壓 回填、混(hun)凝土澆筑、塊石 護坡、基礎(chu) 防(fang)滲等土建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量，其施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計可(ke)參照主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)相應(ying)條款編寫。

篇4

關鍵詞：土建施工；現狀；改進舉措

中(zhong)圖分類號：TU7文獻標識碼(ma)： A

引言

現(xian)今，我(wo)國的土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)不斷取得(de)更大的發展，其(qi)中，土(tu)建現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)發揮著(zhu)十分(fen)重要(yao)(yao)的作用，它(ta)將(jiang)直接影響整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質量(liang)。因此，我(wo)們對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作一定不能輕視，要(yao)(yao)認識(shi)到它(ta)的重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)，并且要(yao)(yao)及時完善施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場管(guan)理(li)(li)中的措施(shi)和(he)方法，使整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質量(liang)得(de)到提(ti)高(gao)。

一、加強(qiang)土建工(gong)程施工(gong)管理的意義

（一）、施(shi)工現場管理是(shi)企業管理的核(he)心

施(shi)工現場管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)好(hao)壞會(hui)對工程施(shi)工進度(du)和(he)施(shi)工質量造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)直接影響，關系著(zhu)施(shi)工企(qi)業的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本和(he)項目(mu)投資(zi)收益(yi)。所以，現場管理(li)(li)是施(shi)工企(qi)業管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)核心，根據國家出臺的(de)(de)相(xiang)關法律法規(gui)，抓好(hao)現場管理(li)(li)，對于施(shi)工企(qi)業具有非常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)意義。

（二）、施(shi)工現(xian)場管理是(shi)質量的保證

現場管(guan)理運用(yong)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)管(guan)理制度(du)和管(guan)理方(fang)法，創(chuang)造一(yi)個良好的(de)施工(gong)現場，材料堆(dui)放(fang)有(you)序，施工(gong)現場整潔美(mei)觀，施工(gong)運輸道路(lu)暢通無(wu)阻，有(you)效(xiao)的(de)施工(gong)安全和消防(fang)安全保障，能夠大幅度(du)提高工(gong)程施工(gong)質量。

（三）、施工(gong)現(xian)場管理是企業(ye)形象的(de)外在表現(xian)

土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)多(duo)(duo)方交匯的(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)管理(li)涉及到很多(duo)(duo)個(ge)管理(li)部門，比(bi)如環境保(bao)護、城市(shi)規劃(hua)、消防(fang)安全等。現場(chang)(chang)管理(li)必須(xu)要(yao)注意遵守相(xiang)關政(zheng)策，同各個(ge)職能(neng)(neng)部門、周邊居(ju)民搞好關系(xi)，促進工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)夠按時保(bao)質完(wan)成。由于(yu)土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)大多(duo)(duo)處(chu)于(yu)城市(shi)之中，關注的(de)(de)人較多(duo)(duo)，因此工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)反映了施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)貌，是(shi)(shi)其向社會宣傳企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)形象(xiang)的(de)(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)方面(mian)(mian)，因此，良好有序的(de)(de)現場(chang)(chang)管理(li)可以為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)樹立良好的(de)(de)形象(xiang)，為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中帶來(lai)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益，也(ye)能(neng)(neng)為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在未來(lai)的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭中增加有力的(de)(de)籌碼。

二、土(tu)建施工的現狀

（一）、施工人員專(zhuan)業素質水平普遍較(jiao)低(di)

施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)整個現場施(shi)工(gong)過程中對(dui)于安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產起到的作用是至(zhi)關重(zhong)要(yao)的，企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)時刻將(jiang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產管理放在(zai)(zai)頭等重(zhong)要(yao)的位置。企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)確保施(shi)工(gong)現場安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，就必須(xu)投(tou)入(ru)專項(xiang)資金來(lai)達(da)到這個目的，例如購進(jin)一(yi)定數(shu)量的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防護(hu)設(she)備(bei)，加大對(dui)機(ji)械設(she)備(bei)的檢修力度等。然而在(zai)(zai)實際的施(shi)工(gong)現場，一(yi)些企(qi)業(ye)只顧(gu)貪圖成本(ben)上(shang)的節約，從(cong)而將(jiang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理投(tou)入(ru)的資金大幅度縮水，甚至(zhi)從(cong)根本(ben)上(shang)忽視安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生產因素，一(yi)旦真(zhen)正地發(fa)生事故，就會釀成慘痛(tong)的后果。

（二）、市(shi)場競爭(zheng)不規范

近些年(nian)來，隨著(zhu)市場(chang)經濟的(de)進一(yi)步發展，各企業之間的(de)競爭也(ye)越來越大。但是(shi)卻(que)存在市場(chang)競爭不(bu)規范的(de)現象。投資方在投資時基本都只(zhi)考慮工程的(de)利潤而對于中標價(jia)格和成本之間的(de)關系總是(shi)忽視。

（三）、前期準(zhun)備工作(zuo)不(bu)足

我國(guo)對(dui)于(yu)土建(jian)行業(ye)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)續(xu)審批(pi)流(liu)程還不甚規范，為了盡快(kuai)把投資收回，建(jian)設企業(ye)在審批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)還沒(mei)(mei)有完全辦妥的情(qing)(qing)況下先(xian)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，所(suo)以(yi)現場管理人員對(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)續(xu)的完整性(xing)和(he)有效(xiao)性(xing)還有待(dai)加(jia)強。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業(ye)人員要嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料進行操作，但(dan)是我國(guo)目前的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場管理多存在以(yi)下弊病：（1）施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料沒(mei)(mei)有定期送達(da)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的手(shou)中，延緩(huan)了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度；（2）對(dui)于(yu)各施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的應(ying)急(ji)預案沒(mei)(mei)有準備好，一旦發生緊(jin)急(ji)情(qing)(qing)況無(wu)相應(ying)的應(ying)急(ji)措施(shi)(shi)；（3）對(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計的審核時(shi)間較(jiao)長。

（四）、質量問題

造成土(tu)(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)有許(xu)多，包(bao)括地質(zhi)條件、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工工藝(yi)技(ji)術、管理嚴格與否、人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工素(su)質(zhi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工周邊的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候變化、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)詳細(xi)程(cheng)度等。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工過程(cheng)中，出現較多的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)問題是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工裂(lie)縫(feng),甚至可以這樣說，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工裂(lie)縫(feng)是土(tu)(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中的(de)(de)(de)通病。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工中的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)裂(lie)縫(feng)是由于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)，是無(wu)法避免的(de)(de)(de)，對工程(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)無(wu)危害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)裂(lie)縫(feng)，是允許(xu)存在的(de)(de)(de)，但對一些(xie)受(shou)環(huan)境因(yin)(yin)素(su)影響而(er)不斷擴展而(er)造成混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞性(xing)裂(lie)縫(feng)，必須開展相應的(de)(de)(de)對策(ce)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)予以控(kong)制。

（五）、土建工程施工的安全問題

建筑工程的施工現(xian)(xian)場(chang)的安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題是非常關鍵的，建筑企(qi)業和施工單位太注重(zhong)工程的成本和工期(qi)往往忽(hu)視(shi)了安(an)全(quan)問(wen)題。施工現(xian)(xian)場(chang)關于(yu)安(an)全(quan)方面的制度還不(bu)夠完善，并且安(an)全(quan)責任也(ye)不(bu)夠明(ming)確(que)，這就(jiu)造成施工現(xian)(xian)場(chang)的安(an)全(quan)隱患的存(cun)在，很有可(ke)能導致安(an)全(quan)事故的發生。

三、土建施工科學的改(gai)進舉措(cuo)

（一）、編(bian)制科學的施工組織(zhi)設計

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)就(jiu)是用指導施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備的(de)(de)(de)，乃至(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)經(jing)濟文件(jian)，其施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)較為(wei)復(fu)雜(za)而且自然經(jing)濟條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)進度也(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。而一份(fen)好的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)者為(wei)了(le)以(yi)最小的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入滿足合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)要求，就(jiu)要能夠(gou)合理利用人力(li)、物力(li)和財力(li)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)編制對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)樣至(zhi)關重要，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)費用也(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。因此，在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)應(ying)組(zu)織(zhi)包括(kuo)質(zhi)量技術(shu)、材料、機械、勞力(li)等相(xiang)關人員，共(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)研(yan)究和編制相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)現場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，針(zhen)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際情況(kuang)編制相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，反復(fu)斟酌(zhuo)，優化方案(an)，更為(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)是在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中應(ying)嚴格(ge)按所(suo)選擇的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計(ji)或施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)組(zu)織(zhi)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

（二(er)）、做好現場布(bu)置工作(zuo)

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場管理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，應從實際狀況入手(shou)，按照現(xian)行的國(guo)家施(shi)工(gong)(gong)規范(fan)以及行業(ye)標準(zhun)，結合工(gong)(gong)程項目特(te)征，來制定質量控(kong)制、合同管理、進度控(kong)制、責(ze)任追究、各(ge)專業(ye)協(xie)調等制度，契(qi)合項目管理特(te)點。因此應根據現(xian)場結合工(gong)(gong)程圖(tu)紙繪制出施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場平(ping)面布置(zhi)圖(tu)，針對(dui)現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)(gong)道路、給排(pai)水系統(tong)、臨建設(she)施(shi)、材料堆放(fang)，應做好(hao)科學合理的安排(pai)。

（三）、提升員工(gong)綜合素質(zhi)

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前期，應(ying)結(jie)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程情況組織(zhi)各個崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繼續(xu)教育。例如，技術崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)、質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)、材料采購、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)的員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)全面上崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)再教育，針對現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)科(ke)(ke)學編(bian)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案。同時，應(ying)通過不(bu)斷的商討(tao)研究，進(jin)行合理(li)優(you)化，制(zhi)定(ding)可行性施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的科(ke)(ke)學實施(shi)(shi)(shi)離(li)不(bu)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的發(fa)起組織(zhi)，科(ke)(ke)學管(guan)(guan)控。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作質量取決于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實踐熱情、技術標準以及綜合素(su)質。因(yin)而，應(ying)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)做(zuo)好(hao)全方(fang)(fang)位(wei)教育培(pei)訓，通過崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)前培(pei)訓、持證(zheng)上崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、入職(zhi)考察(cha)、定(ding)期考核評估、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)比武練兵、績(ji)效(xiao)測評、獎懲管(guan)(guan)理(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，定(ding)期講座教育、現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)指導等方(fang)(fang)式，真(zhen)正提升員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)綜合素(su)質水平。

（四）、嚴格操(cao)控工程市場(chang)準(zhun)入(ru)原(yuan)則

土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控制主要(yao)(yao)表現在(zai)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織和(he)(he)(he)現場(chang)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控制。要(yao)(yao)想(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)正常的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就必須(xu)具備有(you)符合國(guo)家規定(ding)的(de)專業技(ji)術(shu)人員、注(zhu)冊(ce)資金和(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)備等資質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條件。在(zai)對(dui)土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)驗收進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)把(ba)控時，當發(fa)現質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量隱患(huan)時要(yao)(yao)及時的(de)整治。有(you)效控制和(he)(he)(he)制約工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量因(yin)素和(he)(he)(he)隱患(huan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，是保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)關鍵和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)點。土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控制也表現對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織和(he)(he)(he)現場(chang)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控制。各施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位，要(yao)(yao)有(you)公(gong)司(si)專職的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)員鑒定(ding)并簽(qian)字，再由專業的(de)技(ji)術(shu)負責(ze)人進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴格(ge)驗收。保證(zheng)材料齊全，合乎標準，之(zhi)后進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)復檢(jian)，嚴格(ge)檢(jian)查把(ba)關，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，只有(you)達(da)到國(guo)家標準的(de)合格(ge)產品才(cai)可以流入市(shi)場(chang)，才(cai)能更(geng)好地(di)服務于公(gong)眾。

（五）、加(jia)強土(tu)建施工現場(chang)的安(an)全管理

土建施(shi)工(gong)時，必須堅持(chi)以“預(yu)防(fang)為主(zhu)，安(an)(an)全第一”的(de)方針，展(zhan)開安(an)(an)全有效的(de)施(shi)工(gong)，在思想上，加強工(gong)作人員的(de)安(an)(an)全意識，防(fang)范(fan)于未(wei)然(ran)。提(ti)高從業人員的(de)專(zhuan)業素(su)質，可定期開展(zhan)專(zhuan)業性的(de)培(pei)訓，滿足(zu)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場管理對(dui)人才的(de)需(xu)求，借(jie)此保障土建工(gong)程安(an)(an)全施(shi)工(gong)。

結束語

總之，土(tu)建(jian)施工現(xian)場做好(hao)優(you)化管理(li)，不僅需要創建(jian)素質(zhi)全(quan)面的(de)人(ren)才團隊，更應提升現(xian)場管理(li)技能(neng)水(shui)平(ping)。應用可靠合理(li)的(de)方案措施，贏(ying)得豐厚(hou)的(de)經濟效益，提升施工建(jian)設(she)質(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)，強(qiang)化制度管理(li)，做好(hao)各(ge)方面的(de)協調(diao)管理(li)。進而建(jian)設(she)出真正優(you)質(zhi)精品的(de)工程項目，提升土(tu)建(jian)施工質(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)，實現(xian)又好(hao)又快的(de)全(quan)面發展。

參考文獻

篇5

關(guan)鍵詞：土建工程；施工現場；管理；探索

中(zhong)圖分類(lei)號： S969 文(wen)獻(xian)標識碼(ma)： A

一(yi)、土建工(gong)程施工(gong)現場管理的意義

土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的主要場(chang)地，同時也是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)活動(dong)進行(xing)的主要場(chang)所。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)，現場(chang)管(guan)理水平(ping)對(dui)整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)以(yi)及成本都有直接的影響，這些(xie)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位的經濟效益(yi)有很大的影響。

二(er)、土建施工現場管理(li)的基本原(yuan)則

1、經濟效益原則

施工現場管理(li)一定要(yao)(yao)克服只抓(zhua)進度和質量而不計成(cheng)本(ben)和市場的(de)不良(liang)現象，從而避免(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)單純的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)觀和進度觀。項(xiang)目部應在精(jing)品奉獻、降低成(cheng)本(ben)、拓(tuo)展市場等方面下功夫(fu)，并同時(shi)在生(sheng)產(chan)經營諸要(yao)(yao)素中，時(shi)時(shi)處(chu)處(chu)精(jing)打細算，力(li)爭少(shao)投(tou)入多(duo)產(chan)出，堅決杜絕浪(lang)費和不合理(li)開支。

2、科學合理原則

施工現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)各項工作(zuo)都應當按照既科(ke)學又合理(li)的(de)(de)原則辦事，以期做(zuo)到(dao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)管理(li)的(de)(de)科(ke)學化(hua)，真正符合現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代化(hua)大(da)生產(chan)的(de)(de)客觀(guan)要求。還要做(zuo)到(dao)操(cao)作(zuo)方法和作(zuo)業(ye)流(liu)程(cheng)合理(li)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)資源(yuan)利用有(you)效，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)設置安全科(ke)學，員工的(de)(de)聰(cong)明才智能(neng)夠充分發揮(hui)出來。

3、標準化規范(fan)化原則(ze)

標準化(hua)、規范化(hua)是(shi)對施(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的最基本管理要求(qiu)。事實上(shang)，為了有效協調地進行施(shi)工(gong)生產活動，施(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的諸要素都必(bi)須堅決服從(cong)一(yi)個(ge)統(tong)一(yi)的意志(zhi)，克(ke)服主觀(guan)隨意性。只(zhi)有這樣，才能從(cong)根(gen)本上(shang)提高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的生產、工(gong)作(zuo)效率和管理效益，從(cong)而建(jian)立起一(yi)個(ge)科學(xue)而規范的現場(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)秩序(xu)。

三、土建工程施工的主要特點

1、施工過程復雜

對于大型(xing)(xing)的土建工程(cheng)(cheng)來說(shuo)，參(can)與施(shi)(shi)工的人(ren)員較多(duo)，對于不(bu)同施(shi)(shi)工項目(mu)以及工程(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)同的施(shi)(shi)工部位，都(dou)需(xu)要各(ge)方合理(li)分配(pei)。在施(shi)(shi)工過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，需(xu)要各(ge)種大型(xing)(xing)器具，整體工程(cheng)(cheng)占地(di)面積大，施(shi)(shi)工復雜。這也決定了(le)工程(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)工管理(li)存在一(yi)定的風(feng)險，做到各(ge)方面管理(li)也就復雜的多(duo)。

2、高空作業多

據統計，在土建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，具(ju)有(you) 90%的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)屬于高空作業。尤其在水(shui)電站的施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，在大壩(ba)、廠房、斜井以及引水(shui)發電洞進(jin)水(shui)塔(ta)等不(bu)(bu)同部位的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設時，隨著施工(gong)(gong)的不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)推進(jin)，高度逐漸(jian)上(shang)升，整體的施工(gong)(gong)難度也不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加。

3、露天作業多

土(tu)建工(gong)程的(de)大部分施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)階段都是在(zai)露天環(huan)(huan)境下進行的(de)， 且土(tu)建工(gong)程的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)時(shi)間長、工(gong)期緊，這(zhe)就決定了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程要受到春夏秋(qiu)冬四季氣溫的(de)變化影響(xiang)，同時(shi)還有陽光、雨水(shui)、雷(lei)電(dian)等自然環(huan)(huan)境的(de)影響(xiang)，都使得工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)存在(zai)一定的(de)危(wei)險與阻礙。

4、交叉作業多

對于一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)程(cheng)來說，它(ta)需(xu)要各個(ge)部門、單位的(de)(de)相(xiang)互配合，也(ye)需(xu)要不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)互輔助銜(xian)接。土建工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)工(gong)期較緊，沒有太多的(de)(de)空閑讓不(bu)同(tong)單位工(gong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)隊(dui)伍(wu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)相(xiang)互的(de)(de)適應與(yu)磨合。因而，在(zai)此階段中(zhong)，就(jiu)存在(zai)較大的(de)(de)安全管理問題，讓不(bu)同(tong)團隊(dui)在(zai)緊張的(de)(de)工(gong)期里(li)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)并做好銜(xian)接工(gong)作而不(bu)出現防護危險是交叉作業的(de)(de)工(gong)作重(zhong)心。

5、臨時員工多

大(da)型土建工(gong)程施工(gong)中，為了趕工(gong)期(qi)，會招聘大(da)量的臨時(shi)工(gong)人(ren)，而這些(xie)臨時(shi)工(gong)人(ren)沒有經過專業的施工(gong)訓練，自身(shen)素質參(can)差不齊，使安全管(guan)理(li)存在較大(da)隱患。據統計，有些(xie)工(gong)程的臨時(shi)工(gong)人(ren)高達95%以(yi)上，這足以(yi)讓(rang)企業管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)更加關注安全管(guan)理(li)。

6、體力勞動多

對(dui)于我國現(xian)今土建業發(fa)展的(de)(de)狀態，并(bing)不能(neng)讓所有的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作都用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具來頂替(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)完成，而一些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為了縮減器具租賃的(de)(de)費用，增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)力勞動，這就(jiu)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)力受到大量的(de)(de)耗損(sun)，在精神意志上受到一定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)影響，致(zhi)使(shi)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)提升了一定程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)安(an)全風險。

四、目前我國土(tu)建工程施(shi)工現場管理存在的問題

1、安全生產意識淡(dan)薄

在(zai)(zai)土建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管理中，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產會直接影響整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進度和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量，在(zai)(zai)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)是做好安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)關鍵。有些(xie)(xie)(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管理人員安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)淡薄(bo)，沒有充分認識(shi)到(dao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)重要性，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能夠(gou)將施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)放在(zai)(zai)重要的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置，更認識(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)責任關系(xi)重大，導致施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)部分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識(shi)淡薄(bo)。在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能夠(gou)及時到(dao)位(wei)(wei)，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中存在(zai)(zai)僥幸心理，疏于防范，造成(cheng)了土建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管理的(de)(de)一些(xie)(xie)(xie)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)。另(ling)外，土建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管理監督機制不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，部分施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)設計方案比較簡單，甚至有些(xie)(xie)(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計方案與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符，給(gei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產帶(dai)來(lai)許多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必要的(de)(de)麻煩，還有一些(xie)(xie)(xie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)教育缺乏針對(dui)性，并且專項安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)技術(shu)方案不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)位(wei)(wei)，這些(xie)(xie)(xie)都給(gei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)來(lai)了隱患(huan)，影響著現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)管理與(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。

2、施工(gong)現場(chang)缺乏嚴(yan)格(ge)的監管

土(tu)建工(gong)程項目(mu)現場(chang)操(cao)作(zuo)具有勞(lao)動密集的(de)(de)(de)特性，投(tou)入的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動力較(jiao)多(duo)，從業人員文化程度參差不(bu)(bu)齊，對每(mei)個操(cao)作(zuo)人員實現有效控制(zhi)和管理比較(jiao)困(kun)難。沒(mei)(mei)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督會導致施工(gong)工(gong)具、材料隨意放置、施工(gong)現場(chang)缺(que)乏科學合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)步驟和計(ji)劃、不(bu)(bu)按照標準和規章制(zhi)度隨意操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)混亂現象存在。此外，還造成了施工(gong)人員組(zu)(zu)合(he)松散，隨意搭配(pei)，相互之間沒(mei)(mei)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織和嚴明的(de)(de)(de)紀(ji)律的(de)(de)(de)約束，缺(que)乏協同合(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)精神。

3、質量(liang)管理難(nan)以控制

現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)如今，許多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目都(dou)是以片區形式(shi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，一(yi)個施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)同時開建多(duo)棟樓房，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作面(mian)大(da)，產(chan)品面(mian)廣量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序多(duo)而導致質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)難(nan)以控(kong)制(zhi)。而影(ying)響質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)因素(su)也(ye)較為復(fu)雜，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)全(quan)面(mian)檢查很難(nan)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。而采取抽檢的(de)方法，容易造成漏檢現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象，一(yi)些質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問題與安(an)(an)全(quan)問題又得不到保障(zhang)。由于(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)波動性、偶然性因素(su)的(de)影(ying)響，在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中，必然存(cun)在著不合格項(xiang)目，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)很難(nan)全(quan)面(mian)的(de)符合規(gui)范規(gui)定的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標準。所以，全(quan)面(mian)控(kong)制(zhi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與安(an)(an)全(quan)，對(dui)于(yu)土建施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理(li)也(ye)是一(yi)個較為突出(chu)的(de)難(nan)點。

五、對土建(jian)工程施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)如何進行管理優化(hua)

1、建立完整(zheng)的組織(zhi)管(guan)理機構(gou)

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一項(xiang)系統(tong)工(gong)程,涉及到(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場所(suo)有人(ren)、財、物和工(gong)程質量(liang)、安全(quan)生產、文明施(shi)(shi)工(gong)等方面(mian)的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。因此必須有一套嚴(yan)密的組織體(ti)系來(lai)加以保證。所(suo)以應建立從(cong)企業負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)、項(xiang)目部經理(li)(li)(li)到(dao)(dao)(dao)各班組長參(can)加的現場管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)網絡體(ti)系。做到(dao)(dao)(dao)機(ji)構健(jian)全(quan),人(ren)員(yuan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)位,分工(gong)明確(que),責(ze)任到(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)。明確(que)各級管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)者和操作(zuo)者的責(ze)任,都做到(dao)(dao)(dao)層(ceng)層(ceng)有人(ren)抓,事事有人(ren)管(guan)(guan),形(xing)成(cheng)縱向到(dao)(dao)(dao)底(di),橫向到(dao)(dao)(dao)邊的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)網絡。

2、編(bian)制科學的施(shi)工方案

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計是用(yong)以指導(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備乃至施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)技術經濟(ji)文件,其內(nei)容視(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)性質、規模、結構、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)雜程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)要(yao)求(qiu)和建設地區(qu)的(de)(de)自然經濟(ji)條件不(bu)同(tong)(tong)而異。一份好的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計能夠合理利用(yong)人(ren)力、物力、財(cai)力,以最低(di)投(tou)入滿足合同(tong)(tong)要(yao)求(qiu)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計的(de)(de)編(bian)制(zhi)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價的(de)(de)影響至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。采用(yong)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案不(bu)同(tong)(tong),所需的(de)(de)費用(yong)也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。因此在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前應組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包括(kuo)技術、質量、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、機(ji)械、材料(liao)、勞力等相關(guan)人(ren)員,共同(tong)(tong)研究(jiu)編(bian)制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設計,并(bing)針對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際情況編(bian)制(zhi)相應的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案,反復(fu)斟酌(zhuo),優(you)化(hua)方案,更為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中應嚴格按(an)所選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計或(huo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)。

篇6

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：土建工(gong)程；質量問題；監督管理；具體方(fang)法

中圖分(fen)類號：E271文(wen)獻(xian)標識碼： A

1 施(shi)工階(jie)段的控制(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)

1.1 質量控制

貫沏施工(gong)組織(zhi)設計、制度措施、監督執行規范、規程(cheng)、工(gong)藝標準(zhun),貫沏工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗收標準(zhun),切實執行質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)查(cha)和質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗收,做好工(gong)序交接撿查(cha)驗收,隱蔽工(gong)程(cheng)檢(jian)查(cha)驗收,防(fang)滲漏試水檢(jian)查(cha)驗收,變(bian)更工(gong)程(cheng)簽證(zheng),控制材料進場質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),加強施工(gong)復核(he),組織(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)定期及不(bu)定期的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)查(cha)。

1.2 安全控制

貫徹以“預防為主”的安全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)方針,控(kong)制(zhi)五個(ge)安全(quan)(quan)因(yin)素（人、材料(liao)、機械(xie)、方法、環(huan)境）其中包括(kuo)：施(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)業安排、用(yong)電與防火安全(quan)(quan),落(luo)實層級安全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)責(ze)任制(zhi),貫徹安全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)獎(jiang)懲(cheng)制(zhi)度(du)(du)措施(shi),落(luo)實安全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)(chan)檢查(cha)制(zhi)度(du)(du),組(zu)織安全(quan)(quan)技術交底(di)及安全(quan)(quan)教育學習。

1.3 進度控制

根據(ju)合同工(gong)(gong)期及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji),分(fen)階段編制施(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度(du)作(zuo)業計(ji)劃(hua),及時(shi)檢(jian)查計(ji)劃(hua)進度(du),及時(shi)調(diao)整計(ji)劃(hua),協調(diao)土(tu)建與專(zhuan)業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)協作(zuo)配合。

1.4 成本控制

及時做(zuo)好經濟簽證(zheng),貫沏降低成本措(cuo)施,優(you)化進度計(ji)劃(hua),優(you)化勞動(dong)力,嚴格(ge)控制材料(liao)進場數量及質量,材料(liao)發放實行限(xian)額領料(liao),加強施工放線復核(he),做(zuo)到事前(qian)控制質量,減少事后返工損(sun)(sun)失,掌握經濟索賠技巧,及簽證(zheng)索賠,減少經濟損(sun)(sun)失。

1.5 文明施工

施工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)場(chang)(chang)容管理和現(xian)場(chang)(chang)料具管理

2 招投標(biao)的監督管理問題

2.1 我(wo)國的(de)工(gong)程建(jian)筑是有招標(biao)和投標(biao)的(de)制度，在(zai)我(wo)國《建(jian)筑法》中是有相關規定的(de)，監督管(guan)理部(bu)門對此要(yao)加強(qiang)監管(guan)。

2.2 設計質量問題

在工程項目建設上，專(zhuan)業技(ji)術人(ren)員必(bi)須要(yao)仔細(xi)核(he)查工程設計方(fang)案，尤其是它的施工圖紙。要(yao)認真(zhen)仔細(xi)的核(he)查防火，環保，公眾安全，隔音等方(fang)面的內(nei)容(rong)。如果(guo)再核(he)查期間發現問題(ti)，要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)和業主或者是設計單位取得聯系，要(yao)求他們及(ji)時(shi)的解決問題(ti)。

2.3 施工階(jie)段的問題

建筑隊(dui)伍的(de)施工(gong)(gong)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)到施工(gong)(gong)的(de)質量。有(you)些施工(gong)(gong)單位偷工(gong)(gong)減料或者(zhe)用劣質的(de)建材，沒有(you)責任(ren)心，不顧工(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量，這(zhe)就使(shi)工(gong)(gong)程質量完全沒有(you)保障。

2.4 材料、施工(gong)工(gong)藝的監督(du)管理問題

一個(ge)工程(cheng)的質量(liang)(liang)好壞其(qi)基礎就(jiu)是它的材(cai)料，在(zai)建(jian)筑施工的全過程(cheng)中采用的技術方案，組織措(cuo)施，檢測手段等的控制這就(jiu)是施工工藝。在(zai)這些方面注意(yi)好了，這工程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)有了保障(zhang)。

3 加強土建工(gong)程的(de)監管

3.1 完善(shan)檢驗機構

通過有效的(de)(de)(de)檢測方(fang)法來(lai)鑒定(ding)施工材料的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，結(jie)構(gou)構(gou)件和半成品的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。一(yi)些地區(qu)逐步開(kai)設了一(yi)些檢測機構(gou)，這些機構(gou)和施工監管(guan)部門配(pei)合，對施工監督(du)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)工作有了進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)幫助。

3.2 嚴(yan)格重視材料(liao)監(jian)管

施(shi)工的(de)材(cai)料(liao)在施(shi)工務(wu)必需要檢查(cha)，材(cai)料(liao)的(de)優(you)劣決定質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)好(hao)壞。對產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)進行(xing)嚴格(ge)的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)。規定監管(guan)部門(men)檢測(ce)(ce)出(chu)某施(shi)工單位(wei)用劣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)材(cai)，要對其有懲罰措施(shi)，給施(shi)工單位(wei)造成壓(ya)力，這樣(yang)來促進質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)提(ti)高。監管(guan)部門(men)要充分(fen)發揮好(hao)自己的(de)作用，嚴格(ge)控制建(jian)筑(zhu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

3.3 加強施(shi)工監管(guan)

影響施(shi)工質量(liang)的(de)因素很(hen)多，技(ji)術就(jiu)是其(qi)中必(bi)不可少的(de)那個。在制定施(shi)工方案的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，要(yao)(yao)從實(shi)際出來，全面(mian)考(kao)慮。要(yao)(yao)有好的(de)技(ji)術人員之外(wai)還要(yao)(yao)有好的(de)設備。要(yao)(yao)確保工程質量(liang)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)建立合格的(de)質量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)，嚴格的(de)考(kao)核機構，更要(yao)(yao)提高工藝水平。

4 施(shi)工(gong)單位行(xing)為規范要點(dian)

4.1 施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理班子必須(xu)列(lie)入施(shi)工組織設(she)計并(bing)與(yu)現(xian)場(chang)實(shi)際(ji)配備(bei)人(ren)(ren)員相一(yi)致。人(ren)(ren)員變動(dong)應報建設(she)（監理）審批后，報質(zhi)監站備(bei)案(an)。

4.2 施(shi)工前必須對設計圖紙(zhi)詳(xiang)細審閱、不明確(que)處應在圖紙(zhi)會審時提(ti)出，經(jing)明確(que)后才能施(shi)工。施(shi)工單位必須嚴(yan)格(ge)按圖施(shi)工，不得隨意變更設計或憑“經(jing)驗”自行處理各種建筑、防(fang)水節(jie)點(dian)大樣。

4.3 與分包單位發(fa)生工(gong)序(xu)交接時，必須嚴格履行(xing)交接手續，上道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)未經(jing)建設（監理）及下道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)責任單位的驗收簽(qian)證，不(bu)得進行(xing)下道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)施工(gong)。

4.4 所有(you)原材料、半成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)必須具有(you)產品(pin)(pin)出廠合(he)格證明。有(you)復試要求的原材料，如鋼材、水泥(ni)等按規(gui)定復試合(he)格后方(fang)可使(shi)用。

4.5 原(yuan)材料（半成(cheng)品）取(qu)樣(yang)送(song)檢(jian)均須由具有“送(song)樣(yang)員(yuan)證(zheng)(zheng)”的送(song)樣(yang)員(yuan)，并在具有“見證(zheng)(zheng)員(yuan)證(zheng)(zheng)”的監理人員(yuan)的見證(zheng)(zheng)下取(qu)樣(yang)及送(song)檢(jian)。

5 定位放線控制(zhi)及記錄的填寫要(yao)求(qiu)

5.1 定位放線的控制點(dian)，應按經規劃批準的總(zong)圖設計座標點(dian)，由測(ce)繪中(zhong)心提供的控制點(dian)引(yin)入，并經復核人(ren)復核無誤，再(zai)經監理人(ren)員審(shen)核簽證。

5.2 定(ding)位放(fang)線記錄(lu)，應錄(lu)入控制點座(zuo)標，及建(jian)筑物(wu)座(zuo)標的(de)關系（夾角、距離(li)等）、放(fang)線過程(cheng)中的(de)數據(ju)等，并由放(fang)線及復核人(ren)簽字、監理審核人(ren)員簽章。

5.3 如果建筑(zhu)物座標點均(jun)由測繪(hui)(hui)中心提供(gong)，則應將(jiang)測繪(hui)(hui)中心提供(gong)的放(fang)(fang)線(xian)成果資料附(fu)在定位放(fang)(fang)線(xian)記(ji)錄(lu)的后面(mian)。并在定位放(fang)(fang)線(xian)記(ji)錄(lu)上(shang)注(zhu)明(ming)。

6 基坑（槽）開挖(wa)及地基驗槽控制要點(dian)

 6.1 基坑（槽）開挖應(ying)留有(you)確保安全的邊坡(po)，并應(ying)在組(zu)織設(she)計中明確。

6.2 基坑(keng)（槽）的(de)排(pai)（降）水(shui)措施(shi)必須在(zai)施(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)或施(shi)工方案中明確并在(zai)施(shi)工中認真實施(shi)，排(pai)（降）水(shui)設施(shi)應(ying)保持(chi)直至回填(tian)土完成方可撤除。

6.3 工程的基坑（槽）應按設計基底標高控制，并留有(you)適當(dang)余量開(kai)挖，不得超挖或擾(rao)動基底原狀土。

6.4 地基驗(yan)槽應經地質勘(kan)察(cha)人員簽證后，方可進(jin)入墊層施工。

6.5 當基底(di)下有(you)軟土層(ceng)或古井等異(yi)常時，應經勘察、設(she)計人員察看確(que)定(ding)方(fang)案后(hou)再施(shi)工(gong)，不得擅自處理或超挖。

6.6 加(jia)深（或局部加(jia)深）開挖后(hou)的二次驗(yan)槽(cao)仍(reng)應由地質勘察(cha)(cha)部門人員察(cha)(cha)看后(hou)簽(qian)字(zi)方為有效，并(bing)應作(zuo)二次驗(yan)槽(cao)記錄及簽(qian)證。

6.7 加(jia)深（或局部(bu)加(jia)深）處理的有關技術資料應經設計及監理人員簽(qian)證并附在驗槽報告的后(hou)面。

6.8 較(jiao)大范(fan)圍的地(di)基處(chu)理應另(ling)行(xing)驗(yan)收，并按有關驗(yan)收規范(fan)的要求執行(xing)。

7 砌(qi)磚工程施工質量(liang)控制要點

7.1 砌磚工(gong)程(cheng)所用砂漿(jiang)配合(he)比，應由有資質的試(shi)驗室經試(shi)驗后出具。

7.2 現(xian)場砂漿攪拌，應嚴格按配合比(bi)，掛牌、稱量、攪拌。嚴禁按車計量或不計量施工。

7.3 墻體(ti)砌磚施(shi)工必須(xu)在四角及轉角處(chu)立皮數桿拉(la)線砌筑，并(bing)控制(zhi)水(shui)平灰縫(feng)厚度在8～12mm之間(jian)，確保外表(biao)及灰縫(feng)平直。

7.4 多孔(kong)磚及空(kong)心磚在每層砌完后，應進行灰(hui)縫灌漿(jiang)，確保內縫密(mi)實(shi)。

7.5 與構造柱的(de)拉結筋應予先制作(zuo)，并(bing)按規(gui)(gui)范規(gui)(gui)定每500mm一(yi)層放置（多(duo)孔磚為五皮），不得(de)隨(sui)意減小長度和增大(da)間(jian)距。

7.6 預(yu)制(zhi)或(huo)現澆過梁(liang)尺(chi)寸應按設計規定制(zhi)作，兩端在砌體上的(de)擱(ge)置(zhi)長度不(bu)得小于(yu)240mm，預(yu)制(zhi)過梁(liang)安裝應坐漿(jiang)。

8 鋼筋砼工程施工質量(liang)控制要點

8.1 未經(jing)建(jian)設(she)(she)主管部門批準不得使用(yong)自拌砼，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)采用(yong)商品砼。砼工(gong)程施工(gong)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)具(ju)有詳細(xi)的(de)施工(gong)組(zu)織設(she)(she)計(ji)。施工(gong)方案中(zhong)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)明確具(ju)體的(de)支(zhi)模方法。模板設(she)(she)計(ji)、支(zhi)撐及對拉(la)螺拴間距、支(zhi)撐方法等(deng)(deng)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)明確可靠避免出現(xian)脹模、跑(pao)模、漏漿等(deng)(deng)現(xian)象。

8.2 鋼筋保護層墊塊（或支架）應用鐵絲固定牢固，確保鋼筋位置正確。砼的澆筑順(shun)序(xu)和施工縫、后(hou)澆帶的留置應符合規(gui)范和設計規(gui)定。

影響工(gong)程(cheng)質量的因素(su)較多(duo)，工(gong)程(cheng)質量問題是土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)最重(zhong)要的部分(fen)，它存在于(yu)土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)的整個過程(cheng)，必須嚴格進(jin)行施工(gong)監管，使得土(tu)建工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)質量得以(yi)全方面的實現(xian)。

結束語

要(yao)保證土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，就要(yao)做好監(jian)督管(guan)理工(gong)作。土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)對質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題的(de)性質(zhi)(zhi)、危害的(de)分析以及它對質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)判斷(duan)處理過程(cheng)的(de)復雜性，使得(de)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)在質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)方面(mian)要(yao)十分重視。由于管(guan)理不善(shan)會造成工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不合格，影響工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)使用效果。因此，做好土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)督管(guan)理的(de)工(gong)作是十分必要(yao)的(de)。

參考文獻

篇7

關(guan)鍵詞：建(jian)筑工程(cheng)；施(shi)工組織設計(ji)；編制；實(shi)施(shi)

1緒論

我國建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)行(xing)業隨(sui)著經濟的(de)(de)(de)快速提升，已經向多元化程(cheng)度發展，而且隨(sui)著人們審美意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)不斷更(geng)新，建筑規模，外觀上都(dou)有著不同程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，此時對(dui)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位而言，在實際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)就會受(shou)到多方面的(de)(de)(de)因素影響，以致于發生施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受(shou)限，直接影響施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。因此在對(dui)復雜建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，要結合現場實際(ji)情(qing)況選擇交叉施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，選擇相(xiang)關施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，并采取相(xiang)應(ying)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)可能(neng)出現的(de)(de)(de)影響因素降到最低，從(cong)而保證(zheng)各個環(huan)節施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有序地正(zheng)常進行(xing)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計對(dui)規范建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理確實起到了相(xiang)當重要的(de)(de)(de)作用，在目前的(de)(de)(de)市場經濟條(tiao)件下，它已成為建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)招投(tou)標階段和組織施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)必備的(de)(de)(de)文件。

2施工組織設計的(de)編制分(fen)析

2.1對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場(chang)技術條(tiao)件調查工(gong)作

編(bian)制施工(gong)組織設計的主要依據，要真實(shi)可(ke)靠(kao)，要對施工(gong)現(xian)場、周邊環境進行實(shi)際(ji)調查(cha)，特別是地(di)形、地(di)貌、地(di)質條(tiao)件、水文情況(kuang)、水電安排(pai)以及(ji)詳細的周圍環境情況(kuang)要仔細了解，有了完(wan)整準(zhun)確和真實(shi)可(ke)靠(kao)的資料(liao)，方可(ke)根據實(shi)際(ji)條(tiao)件優化(hua)選擇制定方案(an)。

2.2運用(yong)先進(jin)的施(shi)工技術(shu)和施(shi)工組(zu)織(zhi)措施(shi)

根據(ju)實際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)，擬(ni)定技(ji)術(shu)(shu)先進、經(jing)濟合理(li)(li)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，認真編制各項實施(shi)(shi)計(ji)劃和(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)組織措施(shi)(shi)，嚴格控制工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量、進度、成本，確保安(an)全(quan)生產和(he)(he)文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，做好職業安(an)全(quan)健康、環境保護工(gong)(gong)作。對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序及順序進行合理(li)(li)安(an)排。

2.3有效(xiao)利用流水施(shi)工方法(fa)及(ji)網絡計劃(hua)技術

組(zu)織(zhi)運用流水施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的方法和網絡(luo)計(ji)劃技術，采用有效的勞動組(zu)織(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)械，組(zu)織(zhi)連續(xu)均衡(heng)、有節奏的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，可(ke)以縮短(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期和加快施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)速(su)度，避免造成不必要的重(zhong)復工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。所以編制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)時要合理安排施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順序。

2.4土建工程的施工要與設備安裝密切配(pei)合

在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，根據設備(bei)安(an)裝(zhuang)、生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)要(yao)求，土(tu)建(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)盡量(liang)為設備(bei)安(an)裝(zhuang)創造(zao)必(bi)備(bei)的(de)條件(jian)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業設備(bei)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)與土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進行銜(xian)接(jie)，在(zai)土(tu)建(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)與安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程銜(xian)接(jie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，避免對設備(bei)安(an)裝(zhuang)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)造(zao)成影響(xiang)。

2.5綜合(he)考慮(lv)施工各要(yao)素的管理與控制(zhi)措(cuo)施

建筑工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)過程中，圍繞施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)安排(pai)的實施(shi)，各相關施(shi)工(gong)要素(su)直(zhi)接或間接都(dou)在影響(xiang)著施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)的結果(guo)。工(gong)程質量(liang)、施(shi)工(gong)安全、環(huan)境影響(xiang)、施(shi)工(gong)周期、工(gong)程成本、施(shi)工(gong)技術等都(dou)會(hui)給施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)產(chan)生影響(xiang)，對(dui)這些施(shi)工(gong)要素(su)的管理(li)和(he)控制(zhi)同樣是施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)需要重(zhong)點關注的對(dui)象。

3單位工程施工組(zu)織設(she)計文(wen)件的作用(yong)

3.1招投標文件的重要(yao)內容和組織(zhi)施工的綱(gang)要(yao)性(xing)文件

 對于投(tou)標(biao)階段的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設計(ji)，為投(tou)標(biao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)服務，它(ta)作(zuo)為投(tou)標(biao)書技術(shu)標(biao)和(he)簽訂合同文件的(de)一部分(fen)，不僅包含(han)了技術(shu)方面的(de)內容(rong)，同時(shi)也涵蓋了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理和(he)造價控制方面的(de)內容(rong)，為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)編制提供(gong)可靠的(de)依(yi)據。

3.2做好(hao)統籌(chou)安(an)排及綜合(he)平衡(heng)

為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)連(lian)續性(xing)、節奏性(xing)和均衡性(xing)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)要進行人(ren)力(li)、物(wu)力(li)、財力(li)的(de)(de)統(tong)籌安排(pai)，保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)模的(de)(de)合理性(xing)，使復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動(dong)有了(le)統(tong)一行動(dong)的(de)(de)依據(ju)，根據(ju)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)(de)計劃安排(pai)，就可以(yi)統(tong)籌全局保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動(dong)有條不紊地進行，順(shun)利完成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務。

3.3擬建建筑(zhu)物施工(gong)進(jin)行科(ke)學管理(li)

施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計是在施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)活動中進行科學管(guan)理(li)、提高經濟效益的重(zhong)要(yao)手段，協調施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中各(ge)種生產要(yao)素(su)的相(xiang)互(hu)關(guan)系。它提供了施(shi)工(gong)各(ge)階段施(shi)工(gong)準(zhun)備的各(ge)項(xiang)內容，科學地進行施(shi)工(gong)進度(du)、質(zhi)量、成本、技(ji)術與安全的管(guan)理(li)等，指導(dao)實(shi)施(shi)具體(ti)施(shi)工(gong)的各(ge)項(xiang)準(zhun)備工(gong)作和施(shi)工(gong)活動。

3.4在施(shi)工全過(guo)程中施(shi)工人員心中有數，管理(li)工作處于(yu)主動地位

由于建筑工(gong)(gong)程產品的(de)單一性(xing)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員對擬建建筑物(wu)制定施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案，采用先進的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)和勞動(dong)組(zu)織(zhi)，合理進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)流水(shui)段的(de)劃分，正確安排施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)先后順序可實(shi)現(xian)科學組(zu)織(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

4施工組織設計(ji)與施工環節的(de)銜接

4.1施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)主要(yao)(yao)技術方案(an)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)，要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合(he)企業(ye)實力(li)和實際施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)水平選擇(ze)合(he)理的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法，避免(mian)重(zhong)視施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法、設(she)備需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)數(shu)量和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術的(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)，而輕視施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)、設(she)備配備的(de)(de)選擇(ze)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)的(de)(de)經濟性(xing)；要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)根據現場實際情況或(huo)出現的(de)(de)各(ge)種問題及時(shi)修改、調整方案(an)，避免(mian)方案(an)固(gu)化；要(yao)(yao)多方案(an)合(he)理性(xing)比較，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實際中統一施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)的(de)(de)關(guan)系，即在制定施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術方案(an)時(shi)既(ji)要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)也要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)成本(ben)，安排進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)時(shi)同樣也要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)(lv)成本(ben)，這(zhe)樣才能(neng)實現施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)管理的(de)(de)核心目(mu)(mu)標。

4.2充(chong)分(fen)注重技(ji)術民(min)主、理論聯系實際，在確定(ding)施(shi)工(gong)部署上，應該召開(kai)多種(zhong)形式的(de)會(hui)議，廣泛(fan)聽取(qu)各(ge)個方面(mian)的(de)有益意(yi)見。如在選(xuan)定(ding)施(shi)工(gong)方案時，必須從(cong)各(ge)種(zhong)資料分(fen)析著(zhu)手，深入現場(chang)實際，摸清(qing)各(ge)種(zhong)內、外條件，必要時可參觀(guan)類似工(gong)程的(de)實踐(jian)經驗，通(tong)過分(fen)析，用數據講話，確定(ding)方案、工(gong)期(qi)、總平面(mian)布置等。

4.3在編(bian)制(zhi)單位工(gong)程施工(gong)組織設(she)計時，原則(ze)上要(yao)執(zhi)行“誰編(bian)制(zhi)誰貫徹”的要(yao)求，一般(ban)由技(ji)術(shu)部門召集，施工(gong)人員派人參(can)加(jia)，這(zhe)樣(yang)意圖明確，便于貫徹執(zhi)行，有(you)利(li)于全面(mian)指導施工(gong)，達(da)到(dao)全面(mian)完成施工(gong)任務的要(yao)求。

4.4施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織設(she)計經審批后(hou)，項目技(ji)(ji)術(shu)負責人(ren)應組(zu)織技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工程師等參與編制人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)就施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織設(she)計中的(de)主要(yao)管理目標、管理措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、規章制度、主要(yao)施(shi)(shi)工方案以及(ji)質量保(bao)證措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)等對(dui)項目全(quan)體管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)分(fen)包主要(yao)管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行施(shi)(shi)工組(zu)織設(she)計交底(di)(di)并作出交底(di)(di)記錄。

5施工組(zu)織(zhi)設計的實(shi)施策略

5.1完善企(qi)業管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)

經過多(duo)項實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)，并且縱觀(guan)以(yi)往案例，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計貫(guan)徹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利與否，主要取決于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)、技術素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)及經營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。而體(ti)(ti)現(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)和(he)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志，在于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健全(quan)與否及實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)果，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)只(zhi)有(you)擁有(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系、優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經營策略和(he)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)，才能保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度是(shi)否健全(quan)也體(ti)(ti)現(xian)著員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)。因此，這就要求企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不斷提(ti)高(gao)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)質(zhi)、重視企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、提(ti)高(gao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，建立一個良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、合理(li)高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系，這樣(yang)才能確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

5.2做(zuo)好施工前準備工作

施工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前的準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)非常重(zhong)要，只有在施工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前做(zuo)好(hao)各項準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，才能確保設計方案(an)能夠(gou)有條(tiao)不紊的進行。所以在開工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前，要準(zhun)備好(hao)一切(qie)人力(li)、物力(li)和財力(li)資源，并且做(zuo)好(hao)合理的配置計劃，創(chuang)造一切(qie)有利于施工(gong)(gong)的條(tiao)件，取(qu)得(de)主動權，最大程度上做(zuo)好(hao)保障工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

5.3提高計算機網絡應用技術

如今社(she)會已經(jing)是(shi)信息(xi)化和互聯(lian)網時代(dai)，所以工(gong)程的(de)建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)組織(zhi)設計(ji)(ji)也要跟上時展的(de)步伐，加(jia)入計(ji)(ji)算機技術并且科(ke)學的(de)利用(yong)，能在(zai)很大程度上提高工(gong)作(zuo)效率。計(ji)(ji)算機技術在(zai)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)應用(yong)上主要體現在(zai)以下幾個方面：

5.3.1用計(ji)算機(ji)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)施工組織設計(ji)，計(ji)算機(ji)很明顯(xian)會節省(sheng)(sheng)人力資源，節省(sheng)(sheng)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)的時間，提高編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)效率和編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)質量(liang)。

5.3.2利用計(ji)算機技術(shu)優化施工進度計(ji)劃、隨時檢查和控(kong)制，并(bing)進行調整(zheng)，這樣會使方案不合(he)理(li)的地方隨時得到調整(zheng)，優化整(zheng)體設計(ji)。

5.3.3可以(yi)利用計算(suan)機網絡隨時(shi)隨地獲取(qu)最(zui)新(xin)的資(zi)訊，并且對這些信息(xi)進行(xing)(xing)整合和處理。同(tong)時(shi)建議(yi)施工(gong)(gong)企業推行(xing)(xing)施工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計的模(mo)板編制，將設計做成模(mo)板，以(yi)后可以(yi)參考使用，并且還能不(bu)斷優(you)化，通過(guo)模(mo)板之(zhi)間(jian)的相互優(you)化和契合，提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)程的整體質量(liang)和施工(gong)(gong)效率。

參考文獻：

[1]汪在忠(zhong).施工(gong)企業(ye)要加強和(he)改(gai)進施工(gong)組織設計管(guan)理[J].內蒙古(gu)科(ke)技與(yu)經濟，2012（10）.

篇8

關鍵(jian)詞(ci)：土(tu)建施工(gong) 勞動力素質影響研(yan)究

中圖分類號(hao)： TU7 文獻標識(shi)碼： A 文章編(bian)號(hao)：

一、土建(jian)施(shi)工(gong)勞動力素質的分(fen)析

土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準(zhun)、驗(yan)收標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)已經不是(shi)(shi)目前土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓶(ping)頸。當前影(ying)響土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量最主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中較為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)問題(ti)(ti)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)靠勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各方面(mian)協(xie)調操(cao)作而形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，除了應該(gai)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)外，也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)。而如何才能提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，盡快(kuai)使農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變成產業工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)、技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)成為保(bao)證土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)問題(ti)(ti)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)包括一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)能夠負責一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職責。比如：勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)應該(gai)嚴(yan)格地(di)按(an)照(zhao)國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關標(biao)準(zhun)、規范、規程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)，關鍵(jian)、特(te)(te)殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序要(yao)(yao)(yao)遵照(zhao)作業指導(dao)書以(yi)及設(she)(she)計(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)來一絲(si)不茍地(di)進行(xing)，對(dui)于圖(tu)紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)審紀要(yao)(yao)(yao)、設(she)(she)計(ji)變更和(he)技(ji)術核定(ding)應當組(zu)織(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)員共(gong)同決定(ding)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者還要(yao)(yao)(yao)充分熟(shu)悉施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙(zhi)，能夠向班(ban)組(zu)操(cao)作人(ren)員進行(xing)技(ji)術、質(zhi)(zhi)量及關鍵(jian)、特(te)(te)殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作以(yi)及安(an)全交底，按(an)照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)安(an)排(pai)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序進行(xing)搭接，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序交接記錄，努力(li)完成形象進度計(ji)劃。在(zai)每一個(ge)環節(jie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成之后都及時地(di)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)管理和(he)文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，做(zuo)到場(chang)地(di)清潔，材料堆放整齊有(you)序。只有(you)這(zhe)(zhe)樣嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序操(cao)作，并不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量保(bao)證。

當前由于我國(guo)的(de)土建施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)勞動力主要是(shi)農(nong)民工(gong)，因此大部分(fen)工(gong)人(ren)對于各(ge)項規范(fan)都沒有(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)清(qing)楚(chu)。有(you)(you)些(xie)農(nong)民工(gong)在初次進行工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)時甚至(zhi)不(bu)能清(qing)楚(chu)地(di)辨別(bie)出圖(tu)紙中(zhong)的(de)各(ge)種符號和(he)標(biao)記，因此導致(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)許多的(de)問題。技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)人(ren)也(ye)存在沒有(you)(you)清(qing)楚(chu)了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)各(ge)項規范(fan)和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準的(de)現象。在全國(guo)的(de)1、2億職(zhi)工(gong)當中(zhong)70%為(wei)初中(zhong)或者初中(zhong)以(yi)下文化(hua)程(cheng)度，各(ge)級技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)人(ren)的(de)平(ping)均技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)同(tong)五六十年(nian)(nian)代(dai)水平(ping)相(xiang)差(cha)無幾，許多為(wei)達(da)到基本(ben)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)考(kao)核的(de)青年(nian)(nian)技(ji)(ji)工(gong)卻能夠上崗。勞動者素質對于土建工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)質量有(you)(you)著重(zhong)要的(de)影響，必須要找到切實的(de)方法改變(bian)這種狀況。

二、如何保(bao)證土建施(shi)工勞動(dong)力素質

（一）土建施工勞(lao)動力素質(zhi)的(de)相關要求(qiu)

一般來(lai)說，土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)很大，所(suo)需(xu)(xu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)應(ying)來(lai)說很多(duo)，因此在(zai)土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)上，應(ying)該(gai)(gai)選用(yong)足夠多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)、能長期(qi)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)、有(you)(you)實(shi)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)、人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)優秀施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)(wu)進(jin)場(chang)，做(zuo)好勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)儲備(bei)，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要。其次應(ying)該(gai)(gai)充分(fen)(fen)結合(he)(he)(he)土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度以(yi)及(ji)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)求計劃，將土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)當前(qian)(qian)所(suo)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)、顧客推薦或指定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)、自薦的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)評審和選擇(ze)對(dui)象(xiang)，由(you)(you)企業勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)主管部(bu)(bu)門(men)對(dui)其營業執照、經營歷(li)史現狀、資質等級(ji)證(zheng)書等進(jin)行(xing)審查，對(dui)其合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)經歷(li)，業績(ji)和信譽進(jin)行(xing)核(he)查，并(bing)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)招標形式選擇(ze)出(chu)(chu)(chu)合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)(wu)。只有(you)(you)充分(fen)(fen)考慮工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業要求和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)、質量(liang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理等能力(li)(li)(li)之后(hou)，才由(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)主管部(bu)(bu)門(men)擬定(ding)(ding)合(he)(he)(he)同文本，同勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)洽談協(xie)商(shang)(shang)，確定(ding)(ding)合(he)(he)(he)同的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)滿足工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)要求。經審核(he)認定(ding)(ding)后(hou)，由(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)主管部(bu)(bu)門(men)正式簽訂(ding)合(he)(he)(he)同。另外(wai)，對(dui)土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)實(shi)行(xing)按月對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業簽發《工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)結算單(dan)》，并(bing)以(yi)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)書的(de)(de)(de)形式不(bu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)安(an)排(pai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)任務(wu)(wu)(wu)，并(bing)檢查監督分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)作(zuo)業隊的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)質量(liang)，安(an)全生(sheng)產(chan)和現場(chang)用(yong)料等情況，并(bing)依據相(xiang)關資料進(jin)行(xing)核(he)查，做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)補充調(diao)整勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)。如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了(le)土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)農(nong)忙季節和春節長假等意外(wai)減員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)，應(ying)該(gai)(gai)提(ti)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)行(xing)土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)測預(yu)控，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)土(tu)建施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度進(jin)行(xing)控制，這樣才能有(you)(you)保(bao)障(zhang)地從既有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)基地提(ti)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)行(xing)組織，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要。不(bu)僅如(ru)此，還要對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)(li)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)生(sheng)活(huo)物資、后(hou)勤保(bao)障(zhang)作(zuo)充分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)考慮，包(bao)括農(nong)忙季節和春節長假勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)、后(hou)勤，保(bao)證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)要。

（二）土(tu)建施工勞動力素質的管理

最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)需(xu)(xu)要組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)分(fen)批進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)場，并通過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)體系、培訓和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)，以此來提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)除了選擇專業水(shui)平高(gao)、組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)健全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務隊伍(wu)外，還(huan)應(ying)該特別(bie)(bie)注意優先選擇勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隊伍(wu)，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)(ru)：從(cong)多(duo)次參(can)加(jia)過(guo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或參(can)加(jia)過(guo)類(lei)似(si)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)中(zhong)，選擇技術骨(gu)干人員和(he)(he)(he)骨(gu)干班(ban)組(zu)(zu)。根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)地確(que)定(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業和(he)(he)(he)綜(zong)合(he)班(ban)組(zu)(zu)。對分(fen)包(bao)單位(wei)人員進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)技術等級(ji)復核，并在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正式(shi)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前對操作(zuo)(zuo)人員進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)技能(neng)抽驗。另(ling)外也(ye)要特別(bie)(bie)注意安排好勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)條件(jian)，同時進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)入場教(jiao)育培訓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。主要包(bao)括(kuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)、安全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、操作(zuo)(zuo)技術規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、質(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)這(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育。要求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人員，必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量培訓，并對施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)強制(zhi)性規(gui)(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習和(he)(he)(he)考(kao)核。組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)習各(ge)種管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)，以提高(gao)參(can)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平，確(que)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量。只有(you)(you)確(que)認(ren)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員具有(you)(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)、特殊情況(kuang)下需(xu)(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種持有(you)(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術等級(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書及上(shang)(shang)崗操作(zuo)(zuo)證(zheng)(zheng)書之后，才允許其上(shang)(shang)崗，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才能(neng)充(chong)分(fen)地保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan)。另(ling)外在土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間，一定(ding)(ding)要按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)需(xu)(xu)要，通過(guo)各(ge)種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)來配備(bei)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)以盡可能(neng)地縮(suo)短(duan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)，例如(ru)(ru)：三班(ban)晝(zhou)夜施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法。這(zhe)(zhe)樣才能(neng)在最(zui)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間內(nei)實現(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)場，并保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)需(xu)(xu)要。最(zui)后也(ye)是最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一點就是一定(ding)(ding)要提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)對勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮和(he)(he)(he)展現(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)優勢(shi)，可以通過(guo)總承包(bao)形式(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)(ru)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立多(duo)支成建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業隊伍(wu)，按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序、分(fen)區域、流(liu)水(shui)段交叉施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監控，從(cong)而(er)確(que)保(bao)(bao)里程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)(xian)。通過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)些方(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)(he)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，加(jia)強對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，不斷(duan)提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，從(cong)而(er)實現(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)。

三、土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)勞動力素質對施工(gong)影響的總結

土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)應(ying)該具有相關的(de)(de)(de)任職條件(jian)，為了保(bao)證(zheng)土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，應(ying)該取得省級住房和(he)城鄉(xiang)建(jian)設(she)主管部門頒發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)人(ren)員崗(gang)(gang)位資格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)書(shu)。技術工(gong)人(ren)上(shang)崗(gang)(gang)之前一定要對其進(jin)行崗(gang)(gang)前培(pei)訓并進(jin)行嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)考核，達到考核要求的(de)(de)(de)才(cai)允許(xu)上(shang)崗(gang)(gang)，未(wei)達到要求的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)允許(xu)上(shang)崗(gang)(gang)。土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程施工(gong)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)一定要注重(zhong)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)，否則會對土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)構成嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)威(wei)脅。近年來(lai)，我國土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)程施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)明顯增多，出現問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程也日益增多，其重(zhong)要原因就(jiu)在(zai)于土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題上(shang)，因此不(bu)斷提升(sheng)土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)勞(lao)(lao)動力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)尤為必(bi)要。這樣不(bu)僅可以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)土(tu)建(jian)施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，而且(qie)對于我國的(de)(de)(de)現代化建(jian)設(she)和(he)社(she)會經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展具有巨大的(de)(de)(de)促進(jin)作(zuo)用。

參考文獻：

篇9

【關鍵詞(ci)】建筑施(shi)工(gong)；管(guan)理； 施(shi)工(gong)現場 ；質量(liang)

[Abstract] the civil engineering project management is an important part of project management, the quality of its work directly determines the level of the construction of the main project quality, construction safety and effect determines the overall project cost. Therefore, in order to improve the technical level of construction site management of civil engineering for the purpose, to conduct in-depth exploration and Research on the method of field management and its optimization strategy, and on the basis of site management mode of civil engineering projects and improvement measures, has important theoretical significance and realistic significance.

[keyword] construction; construction site; quality management;

中圖分類號： TU7 文(wen)獻標識碼：A文(wen)章編號：2095-2104（2013）

對于建(jian)筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業來說，天天要跟現(xian)(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)打(da)交(jiao)道，現(xian)(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)實際上是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業生產經(jing)營(ying)活動的基礎。同(tong)時(shi)，它也(ye)是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業整(zheng)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作中重要的組成部分(fen)。換(huan)言之，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業若想(xiang)在日趨白(bai)熱(re)化的市場競爭中獲得應有份額，就必須加強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。下面，筆者(zhe)就土建(jian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業如何做好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)談幾點認識。

一、施工現場管理的含(han)義

施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)就(jiu)是直(zhi)接(jie)建(jian)(jian)造建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)地(di)點和為建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程提供生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)，即勞(lao)動者(zhe)運用(yong)勞(lao)動手段(duan)，作用(yong)于勞(lao)動對象，完(wan)成一定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產作業任務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)。所(suo)謂施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管理就(jiu)是運用(yong)科學的(de)(de)(de)管理思想、管理組(zu)織、管理方法和管理手段(duan)，對施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產要素(su)，如人(ren)（操作者(zhe)、管理者(zhe)）、機(ji)（機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備）、料（原材料、半成品、配(pei)件）、法（工(gong)藝檢測），環境、資金、能源、信息等，進行計(ji)劃(hua)，組(zu)織、控制、協調、激(ji)勵等，保證現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)按(an)預定的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，實現(xian)(xian)優質(zhi)、高效(xiao)、低(di)耗(hao)、安(an)全、文明的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產。施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管理的(de)(de)(de)首要任務(wu)是保證施(shi)工(gong)活動能高效(xiao)率(lv)、有秩序地(di)進行，現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術問題，有關施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員在(zai)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)應該及(ji)時解決，實現(xian)(xian)預定的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)任務(wu)。

二(er)、土建工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)現場管理優(you)化(hua)方面(mian)及策略

（一(yi)）土(tu)建施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)現場安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li) 安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作重(zhong)于泰山，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)業土(tu)建施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)起著促(cu)進和保(bao)證的(de)作用(yong)，現場安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)應(ying)放(fang)在首位。安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)內容(rong)是對土(tu)建施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)人、物和環境(jing)等因素(su)狀(zhuang)態(tai)實施(shi)有效(xiao)的(de)監督，要(yao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)好人的(de)不安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行為(wei)和物的(de)不安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，要(yao)切實加強人防和技防的(de)力度(du)，將不安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)隱(yin)患(huan)消滅在萌芽(ya)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。現場安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)更應(ying)注重(zhong)預防為(wei)主(zhu)，要(yao)努力營(ying)造施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員講安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)氛圍，做到人人講安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)放(fang)心(xin)中。同時(shi)，現場安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)做為(wei)一(yi)種動態(tai)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，要(yao)求管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)者具有過硬安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)業務能(neng)力，以便準確及時(shi)地消除突出的(de)不安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)因素(su)。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計或施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案中，要(yao)有完善(shan)的(de)文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，包括要(yao)有健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)指(zhi)揮系統和崗(gang)位責任制度(du)，做到工(gong)(gong)(gong)序銜接交(jiao)叉合理(li)(li)，交(jiao)接責任明確。

（二）土建施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)現場(chang)(chang)材(cai)(cai)料管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li) 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)(chang)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與工(gong)(gong)程總造價(jia)息(xi)息(xi)相關，因此要(yao)根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案計算出施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需要(yao)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料，提(ti)前做好計劃準備。要(yao)充分(fen)考慮資金的(de)合理(li)(li)運轉和現場(chang)(chang)場(chang)(chang)地實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)以(yi)及工(gong)(gong)程進度(du)需要(yao)，合理(li)(li)安排施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)所需機(ji)械的(de)進退(tui)場(chang)(chang)，特別要(yao)注意施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)現場(chang)(chang)監管(guan)(guan)，避(bi)免出現鋼筋因未(wei)墊好而出現銹蝕導致不(bu)能使用(yong)、水(shui)泥在保管(guan)(guan)中因雜亂堆放(fang)出現受潮(chao)及底(di)層結塊等(deng)現象(xiang)。要(yao)制定合理(li)(li)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料采購(gou)、保管(guan)(guan)制度(du)，建立材(cai)(cai)料價(jia)格(ge)信(xin)息(xi)中心和材(cai)(cai)料價(jia)格(ge)監管(guan)(guan)機(ji)制，提(ti)高采購(gou)人員的(de)自身素質和業(ye)務(wu)水(shui)平，降低(di)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)成本，提(ti)高利潤空間。

其中，在材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)供應上(shang)，要(yao)(yao)配合(he)設計方確定所需材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質、品牌、規格(ge)(ge)，精心測(ce)算所需材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)數量(liang)，組(zu)織材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)商供貨；在材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采購(gou)上(shang)，面對(dui)(dui)(dui)種類(lei)繁多(duo)的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)采購(gou)單，必(bi)須將數量(liang)、品牌、規格(ge)(ge)、產地等逐一標(biao)識清楚，尺寸、材(cai)(cai)(cai)質、模板等必(bi)須一次(ci)到位(wei)(wei)，以避免材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)訂(ding)購(gou)不(bu)符，進(jin)而影響工程進(jin)度(du)(du)；在材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)分類(lei)堆(dui)放(fang)上(shang)，要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據現場(chang)(chang)實際情況(kuang)及進(jin)度(du)(du)情況(kuang)，合(he)理(li)安排材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)場(chang)(chang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)做進(jin)場(chang)(chang)驗收，抽(chou)檢抽(chou)樣，并(bing)報(bao)檢于(yu)(yu)甲方、設計單位(wei)(wei)。整理(li)分類(lei)，根(gen)據施工組(zu)織平面布置(zhi)圖指定位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)歸(gui)類(lei)堆(dui)放(fang)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)同場(chang)(chang)地；在材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)發(fa)(fa)放(fang)上(shang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)到場(chang)(chang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，清驗造冊登記(ji)，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照(zhao)施工進(jin)度(du)(du)憑材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)出庫(ku)單發(fa)(fa)放(fang)使用(yong)，并(bing)且需對(dui)(dui)(dui)發(fa)(fa)放(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行追蹤，避免材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)丟失，或(huo)者(zhe)浪費。特別是(shi)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)型材(cai)(cai)(cai)下料(liao)(liao)這一環節嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)控制。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)庫(ku)存量(liang)，庫(ku)管員務必(bi)及時整理(li)盤點，并(bing)注意對(dui)(dui)(dui)各材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)分類(lei)堆(dui)放(fang)，易(yi)燃品、防潮品均需采取相應的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)保護措(cuo)施。

（三）土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理 一是(shi)(shi)測量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理人員需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)放線及(ji)(ji)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)全(quan)面細(xi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查(cha)，對(dui)(dui)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)實(shi)體所能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容許誤差做(zuo)出(chu)嚴格規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管制(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)土(tu)(tu)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺(chi)寸、高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)校(xiao)核等隨時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)，對(dui)(dui)不合(he)乎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)體基本測量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)者(zhe)，應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)指令施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處(chu)理，并對(dui)(dui)處(chu)理情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)再檢查(cha)。二是(shi)(shi)指令文件控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)監(jian)(jian)理需(xu)要(yao)通過(guo)書面形式對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承包單(dan)(dan)位提出(chu)其所需(xu)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)任(ren)務，全(quan)面細(xi)致(zhi)地指出(chu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)予以(yi)明示。三是(shi)(shi)實(shi)驗控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)實(shi)驗數據是(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師判定材(cai)料和(he)各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評判標準，分部工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)道程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序所用(yong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理、化學性(xing)能(neng)，結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗拉、壓、彎各項(xiang)強(qiang)度(du)及(ji)(ji)拌(ban)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合(he)比，均(jun)需(xu)要(yao)利用(yong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)實(shi)驗所得數據來(lai)評判質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，以(yi)此來(lai)保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)達到。四是(shi)(shi)駐地監(jian)(jian)督控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)觀(guan)察工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變更過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，對(dui)(dui)有質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)隱患(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)故需(xu)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)處(chu)理，對(dui)(dui)有危險苗頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目要(yao)給予高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視并及(ji)(ji)時(shi)地上(shang)報。

（四(si)）切(qie)實做好(hao)現場施工技術管(guan)理

在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過程中，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經理部(bu)(bu)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)總工(gong)(gong)程師和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理部(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)指導下(xia)，做(zuo)好(hao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)準備，技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底等工(gong)(gong)作。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)總工(gong)(gong)程師、主(zhu)任工(gong)(gong)程師、工(gong)(gong)程師或技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)員，要各司其職，明(ming)確技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理崗位與(yu)職責、明(ming)確各級技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)職責和(he)(he)業(ye)務范圍，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)以項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)負責人為首的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)業(ye)務統一的(de)(de)領導，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)分級管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，設置(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)部(bu)(bu)門，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理制度(du)。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經理部(bu)(bu)門要在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)活動中做(zuo)好(hao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)作，遵照技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理制度(du)中的(de)(de)規定和(he)(he)程序安(an)排生產，提高技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)操作、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)水平，保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)生產安(an)全和(he)(he)順利地(di)進行。工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理部(bu)(bu)門要完(wan)善(shan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)理制度(du)，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)負責人要做(zuo)好(hao)圖紙會(hui)審、材料(liao)設備檢驗(yan)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)組織(zhi)設計與(yu)管(guan)(guan)理、工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)資料(liao)管(guan)(guan)理等工(gong)(gong)作，負責工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)檢查驗(yan)收。現場管(guan)(guan)理直接影響施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，強化(hua)質(zhi)量(liang)意識，落(luo)實質(zhi)量(liang)責任，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理保(bao)證體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本最大(da)限度(du)降低并(bing)不斷提升(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)競爭力。

總之，成功的(de)(de)土建(jian)施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理，不僅要求施(shi)工企業具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)尖端的(de)(de)專業技(ji)能，更要具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)優異的(de)(de)管(guan)理水平。加強土建(jian)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理方法的(de)(de)研究，有針對(dui)性地建(jian)立健(jian)全管(guan)理措施(shi)，對(dui)提高(gao)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)全壽(shou)命周(zhou)期的(de)(de)經濟效益，促進國民經濟的(de)(de)健(jian)康發展具(ju)(ju)有重要作用(yong)。

篇10

關鍵詞：土建(jian)工程(cheng)現場優化管理

中圖分類號：K826.16 文獻標(biao)識碼：A 文章編號：

土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)管理(li)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要組(zu)成部分。其工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)直(zhi)接(jie)決定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主體(ti)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設質(zhi)量，關系建(jian)設安全和(he)影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)整體(ti)造價的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)。土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)是建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人直(zhi)接(jie)從事施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快慢、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣以(yi)及成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)和(he)能否取(qu)得良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益，都與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)水平密不可分。同時，由于(yu)土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)高(gao)(gao)空露天作(zuo)業(ye)多(duo)，多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種立體(ti)交叉聯(lian)合作(zuo)業(ye)等(deng)特點，必須(xu)加強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)，才能有效地降低(di)事故發生率(lv)。另外，有效改善(shan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人、物(wu)、場(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結合狀態，減少(shao)或消除施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無用功，降低(di)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗(hao)，可以(yi)為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)增(zeng)收(shou)節支。那么，目(mu)前國內土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)存在哪些問題？如(ru)何進行優化管理(li)呢(ni)？

一、 我國(guo)土建工程施工現場管(guan)理模式的(de)現狀(zhuang)和(he)存在的(de)問題(ti)

（一(yi)）專業技術人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)短缺(que) 目前(qian)在我國建(jian)筑(zhu)從業人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大約有(you)3500萬，其中有(you)近2500萬是農(nong)民(min)工。相比(bi)之(zhi)下，建(jian)筑(zhu)方面培養的(de)本科生(sheng)、專科生(sheng)每(mei)(mei)年約3.3萬人，而技校生(sheng)每(mei)(mei)年只有(you)近3萬人。由(you)此(ci)可見(jian)，我國建(jian)筑(zhu)業專業技術人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)管理人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是相當稀缺(que)的(de)。

（二(er)）對國家法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)意識淡(dan)漠 施(shi)(shi)(shi)工現場(chang)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計方案、工藝措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，沒(mei)有嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國家相(xiang)關法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定，分項(xiang)交底和(he)安全教(jiao)育走過(guo)(guo)場(chang)。存在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工現場(chang)不符(fu)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工方案，專(zhuan)項(xiang)安全技術方案不到位等(deng)安全隱(yin)患。其次是搭(da)設(she)(she)為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工專(zhuan)用的(de)(de)腳手(shou)架時，缺乏國家相(xiang)關法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)指導，搭(da)設(she)(she)不規(gui)(gui)范，甚至是錯誤的(de)(de)和(he)不完整(zheng)的(de)(de)。腳手(shou)板(ban)搭(da)設(she)(she)過(guo)(guo)于簡易(yi)或者腳手(shou)板(ban)上堆放大量雜(za)物(wu)、材質差和(he)不牢靠(kao)、無排水(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)違規(gui)(gui)做法(fa)(fa)，是導致重大事故的(de)(de)直接原因。

（三）施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場缺乏(fa)嚴格的(de)(de)監管 土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)現(xian)(xian)場操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)具有(you)勞(lao)動密集的(de)(de)特性，投入(ru)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動力較多(duo)，從業(ye)(ye)人員文化(hua)程(cheng)度參差(cha)不(bu)(bu)齊，對(dui)每個(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員實現(xian)(xian)有(you)效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管理比較困難。存在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具、材料隨(sui)意放置，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場缺乏(fa)科學(xue)合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)步(bu)驟和(he)計劃(hua)，不(bu)(bu)按(an)照標準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)規章制(zhi)(zhi)度，隨(sui)意操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)混亂現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)；此外，還有(you)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員組(zu)合(he)(he)(he)松(song)散，隨(sui)意搭配(pei)，相(xiang)互(hu)之間沒有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)和(he)嚴明(ming)的(de)(de)紀律的(de)(de)約束(shu)，缺乏(fa)協同合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)精(jing)神。 （四(si)）質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)隱患 土建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)現(xian)(xian)場施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序多(duo)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)面(mian)寬、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)大，對(dui)每一個(ge)層面(mian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)實現(xian)(xian)全面(mian)檢(jian)(jian)查的(de)(de)難度大。采(cai)取抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)方(fang)法，會導致一些(xie)質量(liang)問題(ti)的(de)(de)漏檢(jian)(jian)。現(xian)(xian)場缺乏(fa)對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)實時的(de)(de)、科學(xue)的(de)(de)、合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)全面(mian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是否符合(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)進行檢(jian)(jian)查、對(dui)不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)格項目(mu)引起(qi)的(de)(de)返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)返修損失(shi)及對(dui)加強預防控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)而增加的(de)(de)費(fei)用，沒有(you)進行有(you)效的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)管理的(de)(de)手段。

針對以上問題，下面我們來(lai)探討(tao)如何進行優化管理。

二、土建(jian)工程施工現場(chang)的優化管理

一(yi)(yi)個(ge)高(gao)素(su)質的(de)質量(liang)管理核心和一(yi)(yi)個(ge)高(gao)素(su)質的(de)職(zhi)工隊伍建(jian)設，是(shi)(shi)企業(ye)成功的(de)關鍵所在(zai)，也是(shi)(shi)實施土建(jian)工程施工項目管理良性循環的(de)關鍵所在(zai)。 因此，我們應(ying)該從(cong)以下入手來進行優化管理：

 （一(yi)）加(jia)強進(jin)(jin)場教(jiao)育。對(dui)新入(ru)場的(de)員(yuan)工(gong)和(he)調換工(gong)種的(de)員(yuan)工(gong)，上崗前應對(dui)其應進(jin)(jin)行安(an)全教(jiao)育和(he)技術培訓，經考試(shi)合格持(chi)證上崗。建立對(dui)員(yuan)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)行三級安(an)全教(jiao)育的(de)制度。

1、 一級教育。企業對新員工的(de)安全(quan)(quan)教育包括：勞動保護意(yi)識；安全(quan)(quan)生產方針(zhen)、政(zheng)策及企業安全(quan)(quan)規章制度的(de)教育。

2、 二級教育(yu)(yu)。二級單位對新員工(gong)(gong)的安(an)全教育(yu)(yu)包括：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目安(an)全生產(chan)操(cao)作規定；安(an)全生產(chan)管理制度(du)；工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)特點和現場環境(jing)存(cun)在的不安(an)全因(yin)素等教育(yu)(yu)。

3、 三級(ji)教育(yu)。班組對(dui)新員工(gong)(gong)應(ying)進行工(gong)(gong)作前的安全教育(yu)：本工(gong)(gong)種安全操作規程；班組安全生產基(ji)本要(yao)求(qiu)和需要(yao)遵守的勞動紀律；對(dui)本工(gong)(gong)種容易(yi)發(fa)生事故(gu)的環節和部(bu)位應(ying)重點進行教育(yu)，對(dui)機具設(she)備(bei)和勞動防護用(yong)品的使用(yong)提出(chu)要(yao)求(qiu)。

（二）健(jian)全(quan)管理(li)(li)組織體系 建立(li)高質(zhi)量土(tu)建工程(cheng)施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)(li)模式(shi)，即(ji)按照標(biao)準化(hua)、規范化(hua)的(de)思想和(he)(he)科學(xue)(xue)化(hua)的(de)管理(li)(li)要求(qiu)，建立(li)科學(xue)(xue)合理(li)(li)的(de)完(wan)整的(de)質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)體系，以(yi)及一整套(tao)嚴格的(de)現(xian)場(chang)管理(li)(li)規章制(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)切(qie)實可行的(de)管理(li)(li)程(cheng)序，實現(xian)土(tu)建施(shi)工現(xian)場(chang)分(fen)工合理(li)(li)、協作到(dao)位(wei)，最大限度(du)的(de)滿(man)足工程(cheng)設計要求(qiu)和(he)(he)提高企業經濟的(de)效益

（三）科學編制施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)(an) 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織方(fang)案(an)(an)是指導土建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)以及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)全過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)技術文件(jian)，其內容因工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)性(xing)質、規模(mo)、復(fu)雜(za)程(cheng)度及自然經濟條件(jian)等(deng)的(de)(de)差(cha)異(yi)而不(bu)同。一份好的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計方(fang)案(an)(an)能(neng)夠將人(ren)力、物力、財力合理(li)(li)搭(da)配和利用。因此，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)應組織技術人(ren)員(yuan)、質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)和部門(men)、材料準(zhun)備部門(men)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)等(deng)根據現場(chang)實際情況共同研究和編制施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計方(fang)案(an)(an)，經反復(fu)斟酌、優化和論證，形成施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)案(an)(an)，并在施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中嚴格實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

（四）加強施(shi)工(gong)安全管(guan)理(li)(li) 因(yin)為施(shi)工(gong)現場存(cun)在著(zhu)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、不(bu)(bu)確定性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)安全因(yin)素，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)響和威(wei)脅著(zhu)從業(ye)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命安全。安全生產事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生，不(bu)(bu)僅會(hui)(hui)給人民帶(dai)來人身和財產的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大損(sun)失，還會(hui)(hui)阻礙國(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)持續發展并(bing)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影(ying)響社會(hui)(hui)穩(wen)定。所以，必須打破傳(chuan)統觀念的(de)(de)(de)(de)束(shu)縛(fu)，在嚴格執行國(guo)家(jia)安全法(fa)律法(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，分析研究并(bing)制定一整套適合本企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學合理(li)(li)、具有指導作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)、操(cao)作性(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全管(guan)理(li)(li)方法(fa)。

（五）加強施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調管(guan)理(li) 土建工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)現(xian)場專(zhuan)業覆(fu)蓋面廣，應全面掌握工(gong)藝流程(cheng)對各專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序特(te)點和設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求進(jin)(jin)行分析，綜合(he)考(kao)慮(lv)各專(zhuan)業、各工(gong)種之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳配合(he)，保證施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一個(ge)環節有(you)序到(dao)位。建立由管(guan)理(li)層到(dao)各個(ge)班組(zu)逐級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)制度，并加以考(kao)核。各部(bu)門應加大監(jian)管(guan)力(li)度，進(jin)(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、不定期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查，預先診(zhen)斷、超(chao)前控制，將質量隱患消除在萌芽狀(zhuang)態(tai)。