導語：鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興戰略下農村(cun)三(san)產融(rong)合模式一文來源(yuan)于網友(you)上傳，不(bu)代表本站觀點，若需要原(yuan)創(chuang)文章(zhang)可(ke)咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

摘要：加強農村三產融合，既是社會發展的需求，也能在很大程度上促進農村經濟的發展。而不同的農村三產融合模式，在振興鄉村環(huan)境中(zhong)發揮的(de)(de)作用(yong)也(ye)具有差異性(xing)，當前農(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)模(mo)式(shi)創新(xin)與(yu)應用(yong)研(yan)究，大多(duo)以產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業、農(nong)業經(jing)濟學的(de)(de)角度(du)進行(xing)研(yan)究，忽視(shi)了從區域、空(kong)間等因素方面(mian)創新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)模(mo)式(shi)。基于(yu)農(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)模(mo)式(shi)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)情況，文章以區域經(jing)濟學視(shi)角為切(qie)入(ru)點，從農(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)的(de)(de)區域、空(kong)間、城鄉(xiang)合(he)作與(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業集群模(mo)式(shi)等方面(mian)進行(xing)革(ge)新(xin)，并加強農(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)模(mo)式(shi)在(zai)不同領域內的(de)(de)應用(yong)，為農(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)模(mo)式(shi)實現長(chang)遠發展(zhan)奠定堅(jian)實基礎。

關鍵詞：鄉村振興；區域經濟學(xue)；農(nong)村；三產(chan)融合(he)模(mo)式；創新；應用

一、引言：農村三產融合是以振興鄉村為基礎，目的是增加農民收入，實現農民富裕。而且，農村三產融合也是達成農業、農村現代化建設目標的有效途徑。除此之外，發展農村三產融合，也是農業實現轉型升級和鄉村振興戰略目標，對具有中國特色的農業現代化進行探索的必然之選。但當前有關農村三產融合模式的(de)探索主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學與農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展兩方面，并(bing)沒有從(cong)區(qu)域經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學視角進(jin)行研(yan)究和分析。為(wei)(wei)了對(dui)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)融(rong)合模式(shi)進(jin)行科學專業(ye)(ye)指導，并(bing)對(dui)其進(jin)行創(chuang)新(xin)與改(gai)革，促進(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)融(rong)合模式(shi)的(de)發展。可以從(cong)區(qu)域經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學視角對(dui)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)融(rong)合模式(shi)進(jin)行分析，為(wei)(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)發展提供參(can)考和指導。

二、農村三產融合的形式概述

（一(yi)）農業與產業內(nei)部(bu)融合

農(nong)(nong)(nong)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)合以(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)重組(zu)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈延(yan)伸(shen)型融(rong)合為(wei)(wei)主，前(qian)(qian)者主要是以(yi)當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)村優(you)勢資源為(wei)(wei)基礎，通過種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和養殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之間建立(li)聯系，促(cu)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)相互銜接(jie)，循(xun)環(huan)(huan)利用(yong)。這種農(nong)(nong)(nong)村三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)合方(fang)式以(yi)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)為(wei)(wei)主。比如(ru)：廣西靖西市果樂鄉大有村的(de)生(sheng)態種養循(xun)環(huan)(huan)，就是將養殖廢棄物轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)有機(ji)肥進行循(xun)環(huan)(huan)利用(yong)，進行蔬菜、水果與經(jing)濟(ji)作(zuo)物種植。后者主要指的(de)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營合作(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)，圍繞農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)前(qian)(qian)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后延(yan)伸(shen)的(de)鏈條(tiao)。比如(ru)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中需(xu)要的(de)種子、化肥和農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥等(deng)供應與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)聯系起來，實現產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)前(qian)(qian)鏈條(tiao)延(yan)伸(shen)；將產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工包裝與市場銷(xiao)售等(deng)融(rong)入(ru)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)體系，形成農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后鏈條(tiao)延(yan)伸(shen)。

（二）農業及其(qi)他產(chan)業的融(rong)合(he)

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、其他產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合通(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合兩種類(lei)型(xing)，前(qian)者主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)先進(jin)(jin)技術與(yu)(yu)設備、管理方式等(deng)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)、工廠化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)高效化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，形(xing)成生態(tai)、智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)智慧型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。例如(ru)：平果縣坡造鎮附近村(cun)(cun)在鄉村(cun)(cun)振興戰略背景(jing)下，在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式下，引進(jin)(jin)大型(xing)蠶(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科技公司，建設現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)標準的(de)大型(xing)蠶(can)(can)(can)室(shi)、烘繭站(zhan)與(yu)(yu)蠶(can)(can)(can)沙無害(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理站(zhan)。同(tong)時，在桑樹種植(zhi)方面，也推行(xing)標準、無公害(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)種植(zhi)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了桑蠶(can)(can)(can)種養產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。而農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合又分為觀光(guang)休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)兩種類(lei)型(xing)的(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)觀光(guang)休閑服(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合通(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)利用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)自然景(jing)觀，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)觀光(guang)、休閑及(ji)旅(lv)游一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，這種產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合模(mo)式不僅可以美化(hua)(hua)(hua)鄉村(cun)(cun)，還具有較高的(de)經(jing)濟效益。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合模(mo)式，主(zhu)(zhu)要指(zhi)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提供(gong)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，以便更好地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品的(de)存儲、銷(xiao)售(shou)。常(chang)(chang)用方法是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資超市(shi)，創(chuang)建線上服(fu)務(wu)(wu)平臺(tai)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)電商與(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資配(pei)(pei)送一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式。

（三）非農產(chan)業之間的融(rong)合

非農產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)合(he)模(mo)式分(fen)為工業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)融(rong)合(he)與(yu)服(fu)務業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)融(rong)合(he)兩種模(mo)式，前者主(zhu)要通過農村(cun)地(di)區工業(ye)(ye)(ye)內部(bu)各行業(ye)(ye)(ye)實施融(rong)合(he)，并由(you)此形成產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈，推動(dong)(dong)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟發(fa)(fa)展。例(li)如礦產(chan)(chan)資(zi)源與(yu)石油資(zi)源等開采、加工，會帶動(dong)(dong)地(di)方多個(ge)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展，能(neng)(neng)夠消化大量(liang)當地(di)的(de)農村(cun)勞動(dong)(dong)力。后者主(zhu)要是依靠農村(cun)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)與(yu)人文資(zi)源，開發(fa)(fa)當地(di)的(de)美食、歷史遺跡、自(zi)然(ran)(ran)風光(guang)等，促進當地(di)旅(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展。比如：廣西(xi)壯族自(zi)治區田(tian)東縣模(mo)范村(cun)，利用當地(di)獨特的(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)風光(guang)，發(fa)(fa)展鄉村(cun)旅(lv)游(you)(you)，建造集(ji)休(xiu)閑觀(guan)光(guang)、攝影、度假等為一體的(de)度假景區，不僅能(neng)(neng)夠促進農民(min)增收，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)實現(xian)鄉村(cun)發(fa)(fa)展。

三、鄉村振興戰略背景下的農村三產融合模式創新

（一(yi)）農村三產(chan)融合區(qu)域模(mo)式

在(zai)進行農(nong)(nong)(nong)村三(san)產(chan)融合模式(shi)創新時(shi)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)結合區(qu)(qu)域(yu)實際情況，選擇適合本地(di)(di)的(de)(de)三(san)產(chan)融合模式(shi)，要(yao)(yao)充分考(kao)慮區(qu)(qu)域(yu)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)與資(zi)源等(deng)(deng)條件。以(yi)廣西壯族自治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)為例(li)，作(zuo)為經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)與技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)較低的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，再加上資(zi)金(jin)力量較為薄弱(ruo)，在(zai)鄉(xiang)村振(zhen)興戰(zhan)略(lve)下，當地(di)(di)政(zheng)府還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)積極鼓勵高校(xiao)、科研(yan)院校(xiao)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)類企業(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)，建立科研(yan)中心與實驗(yan)室、試驗(yan)站(zhan)等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)試驗(yan)園內試用新品種、新技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)(deng)，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民和合作(zuo)社提供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)指導與服務。同時(shi)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)加強當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)倉儲物流、網絡通信等(deng)(deng)基礎(chu)設施建設。另外，還(huan)能以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村產(chan)業(ye)(ye)融合發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)專項基金(jin)設立方式(shi)支持農(nong)(nong)(nong)村產(chan)業(ye)(ye)融合發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)財政(zheng)、稅收等(deng)(deng)，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)村三(san)產(chan)融合發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)奠定良好基礎(chu)。除此之外，城市(shi)與城鎮(zhen)郊區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)交通更便(bian)利(li)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)三(san)產(chan)融合時(shi)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)將觀(guan)光休閑的(de)(de)鄉(xiang)村旅游(you)(you)作(zuo)為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)內容。地(di)(di)處偏遠區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)鄉(xiang)村可以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)當地(di)(di)特有的(de)(de)旅游(you)(you)與文化資(zi)源。

（二）加強創新三產融合(he)空間模(mo)式

以區(qu)域(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)為視角(jiao)，三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)有利(li)于(yu)鄉(xiang)村(cun)和(he)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。而(er)創(chuang)新三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)時(shi)，不但要(yao)將縣(xian)城(cheng)、鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和(he)鄉(xiang)村(cun)的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)考(kao)慮在(zai)(zai)內，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)考(kao)慮其對農(nong)(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)、模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)和(he)聚(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)應的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)創(chuang)新，不僅要(yao)考(kao)慮縣(xian)城(cheng)及(ji)以下區(qu)域(yu)，還(huan)(huan)需考(kao)慮農(nong)(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)、范(fan)圍(wei)和(he)聚(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)應，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)域(yu)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)體空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)織形式(shi)(shi)。不同于(yu)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)，城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)基(ji)建、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平相對較(jiao)高(gao)，因而(er)能以三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)重要(yao)載體的(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)而(er)存在(zai)(zai)。例如：現代產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業與農(nong)(nong)業科技園(yuan)區(qu)具(ju)有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)布局靈活(huo)性，可在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)及(ji)其周邊設(she)(she)立，延伸(shen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業鏈條，促進教育與觀光(guang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)也是(shi)由現代的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業、鄉(xiang)村(cun)社區(qu)和(he)旅游組(zu)成的(de)(de)田園(yuan)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)體，而(er)作為三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)創(chuang)新后的(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)織形式(shi)(shi)，農(nong)(nong)民集(ji)(ji)(ji)中居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)區(qu)所在(zai)(zai)區(qu)域(yu)通(tong)常設(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)交通(tong)便(bian)利(li)，基(ji)建和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方，具(ju)有居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)、娛樂、購物等功能。現階段(duan)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)范(fan)圍(wei)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)已達到一定(ding)水(shui)平，但其規(gui)模(mo)(mo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與聚(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)水(shui)平發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)較(jiao)低。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，因為存在(zai)(zai)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)小、分散性高(gao)，基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施一般，競爭力也比較(jiao)弱，還(huan)(huan)應加(jia)強規(gui)劃(hua)，積(ji)極進行建設(she)(she)。同時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)布局農(nong)(nong)村(cun)三(san)(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)地(di)(di)布局，提高(gao)土(tu)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)用率，提升區(qu)域(yu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益。

（三）三產融(rong)合產業集群模式創新

農村(cun)三(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)(he)是以農業(ye)(ye)(ye)作為依(yi)托，實現(xian)一(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)三(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高度(du)融合(he)(he)。同(tong)時，調(diao)動一(yi)(yi)切可生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)素，促進(jin)一(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)三(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)高效、高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。而產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融合(he)(he)的(de)(de)前提是產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)具有(you)相同(tong)的(de)(de)技術(shu)基礎與(yu)技術(shu)改革、創新，有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)形成產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)公地(di)。政府要(yao)發(fa)(fa)揮其在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)建設(she)中的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)作用(yong)，以此展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)其主導性。比如在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)“一(yi)(yi)鄉一(yi)(yi)品”和(he)“一(yi)(yi)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)品”規(gui)劃(hua)時，雖(sui)然能夠展(zhan)(zhan)示地(di)方特(te)色，但內部與(yu)外部規(gui)模經濟較小，并不利于(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)建設(she)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。主要(yao)在(zai)于(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)在(zai)相應的(de)(de)規(gui)模發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)條件下(xia)才可吸引(yin)供應商、科(ke)研與(yu)金融機構等(deng)與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)融合(he)(he)。以縣為單位，若當地(di)縣城要(yao)實現(xian)三(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)融合(he)(he)集(ji)群(qun)模式發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，還需要(yao)重點(dian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，以便(bian)形成規(gui)模經濟與(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)，從而達到(dao)吸引(yin)二(er)(er)三(san)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)融合(he)(he)的(de)(de)效果。

（四(si)）三(san)產(chan)融合城鄉合作模式創(chuang)新

農(nong)(nong)村三(san)產融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)有利于發揮產業(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)、整合(he)(he)(he)(he)及(ji)其(qi)新業(ye)態的(de)價值創造能力，通過(guo)拓展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)鏈，實現不同(tong)產業(ye)的(de)發展。同(tong)時，要強大農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)發展，實現鄉村振興。促進農(nong)(nong)村三(san)產融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)發展，僅通過(guo)農(nong)(nong)村內(nei)部(bu)(bu)資金、人才與(yu)技術(shu)支持，未(wei)采取外(wai)部(bu)(bu)支持，導致農(nong)(nong)村三(san)產融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)難以持續發展。為了(le)改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)村土地、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)資源(yuan)，以及(ji)缺乏資金與(yu)技術(shu)支持的(de)問題(ti)，還需要采用城鄉合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)的(de)模(mo)式(shi)進行三(san)產融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)創新。但(dan)是，現階段農(nong)(nong)村三(san)產融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)還處于發展初期，其(qi)表現形式(shi)以產業(ye)分(fen)工和(he)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)為主(zhu)。在(zai)完善(shan)基礎設施、創新制度的(de)過(guo)程中，交(jiao)易成本也會隨之(zhi)降低，有利于不同(tong)產業(ye)的(de)深(shen)度融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)，從而實現產業(ye)分(fen)工內(nei)部(bu)(bu)化，提(ti)升經濟效益。

四、鄉村振興戰略背景下農村三產融合模式的應用

（一(yi)）加強農村三產(chan)融合模(mo)式規劃

國家(jia)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)創新發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)行(xing)引導，可發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)企業(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)自(zi)身的(de)作用。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)目前發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)較低，而(er)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，又是推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)進(jin)程的(de)有效(xiao)措施，同時(shi)也是實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)關鍵。而(er)且，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民要(yao)參與(yu)到產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中，也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)依靠完(wan)整的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)。因(yin)此，基(ji)于區域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)視角，在(zai)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振興(xing)戰略背景下，還(huan)應(ying)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)政府的(de)主導作用，可以學習、借鑒國內(nei)外休(xiu)閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)旅游方面的(de)先進(jin)經(jing)驗(yan)，管理理念與(yu)開放(fang)模(mo)式(shi)等，在(zai)打通農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)，對(dui)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)利益聯結機制進(jin)行(xing)不斷優(you)化(hua)的(de)同時(shi)，確定相匹(pi)配與(yu)自(zi)身區域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)。除此之外，還(huan)可以將當地資源、經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實況作為依據，合(he)(he)(he)(he)理規劃其特(te)色產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)集群，并充分開發(fa)(fa)(fa)特(te)色資源。

（二(er)）加強(qiang)多主體參與的(de)利(li)益聯結機制

為了(le)促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)村三產融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)模式(shi)的(de)(de)發展，還要重視城(cheng)鄉(xiang)多(duo)主體(ti)(ti)參與農(nong)(nong)村三產融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)發展，比(bi)如(ru)國(guo)企、民企、集體(ti)(ti)企業與個體(ti)(ti)商戶等各種類型(xing)的(de)(de)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)經營主體(ti)(ti)。另外，在三產融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發展中，小農(nong)(nong)戶處于(yu)明顯劣勢，改善資本掠(lve)奪農(nong)(nong)村勞(lao)動(dong)力資源的(de)(de)情況，有助于(yu)不同(tong)主體(ti)(ti)和農(nong)(nong)戶建(jian)立密切利益(yi)(yi)聯結(jie)、分配機制，從而(er)形(xing)成利益(yi)(yi)共(gong)享(xiang)和風險共(gong)擔的(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)。鼓勵多(duo)種經營模式(shi)，比(bi)如(ru)租賃(lin)經營、農(nong)(nong)戶+主導產業、雇(gu)傭工(gong)人(ren)等，并建(jian)立生產訂單合(he)(he)同(tong)、土(tu)地租金、勞(lao)動(dong)報酬等多(duo)樣化的(de)(de)利益(yi)(yi)聯結(jie)方式(shi)，實(shi)現(xian)產業融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)發展效益(yi)(yi)平(ping)等共(gong)享(xiang)。

（三）降低(di)農村(cun)三產融合運行(xing)交易成本

以鄉村(cun)(cun)振興為(wei)背(bei)景(jing)，創新農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)模式(shi)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)鄉分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增加收(shou)益(yi)。由于分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)益(yi)和交易產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)存在矛盾(dun)，分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)收(shou)益(yi)要增多(duo)，一定(ding)要減少交易成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。例如：在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息、廣告傳播和相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運輸、談判(pan)等活動成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)由傳統(tong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)至新型產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)，最(zui)終(zhong)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)，在這個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中形成(cheng)(cheng)了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)管理技術。而在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)內部化(hua)(hua)(hua)期間(jian)，從一個(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)到(dao)多(duo)個(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，也會由此(ci)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)交易成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。鑒于此(ci)，要在完成(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下(xia)，才可以避(bi)免交易成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)。但是(shi)(shi)，在這種情況下(xia)，又會導致管理成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)。因(yin)此(ci)，在發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，交易成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)還要保持不(bu)斷下(xia)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢，才有(you)利于第一、二、三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。（四(si)）積(ji)極發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)點與(yu)(yu)(yu)融(rong)(rong)合(he)支撐(cheng)點農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)模式(shi)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)是(shi)(shi)以工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、高科技與(yu)(yu)(yu)信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)主(zhu)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)模式(shi)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)，還應對產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布局與(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進行(xing)合(he)理調(diao)整，為(wei)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)奠定(ding)基礎。例如，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特色化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強效化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)等。基于這一發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目標(biao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部重(zhong)組(zu)、融(rong)(rong)合(he)，確(que)保農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈整合(he)，達到(dao)三大產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)交叉(cha)融(rong)(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。另外，基于多(duo)元(yuan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)，能夠展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)不(bu)同(tong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特色，而且(qie)，可以從資(zi)金(jin)、技術與(yu)(yu)(yu)經營主(zhu)體等多(duo)個(ge)方(fang)面，采取(qu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)延伸，最(zui)終(zhong)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)三產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)融(rong)(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

五、結語

在鄉村(cun)(cun)振興戰略的(de)背景下，基于區域經濟(ji)的(de)視角，實現(xian)現(xian)代化農業發(fa)展(zhan)，促進農民增收，還需要從(cong)多(duo)個角度(du)分(fen)析農村(cun)(cun)三(san)產(chan)(chan)融(rong)合(he)模式創新及其應用效果，明確農村(cun)(cun)三(san)產(chan)(chan)融(rong)合(he)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)策(ce)略，實現(xian)農村(cun)(cun)一、二、三(san)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)深(shen)度(du)融(rong)合(he)，使其形成利益聯結體，在提高區域經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水平的(de)同時，促進農村(cun)(cun)經濟(ji)繁榮發(fa)展(zhan)，實現(xian)鄉村(cun)(cun)振興。

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作者:盧會蘭