導語(yu)：以人為核心的新型城(cheng)鎮化(hua)建(jian)設(she)路徑一文來源于網友上(shang)傳，不代表本站(zhan)觀點，若(ruo)需要(yao)原創文章可咨詢客服老師(shi)，歡迎(ying)參考(kao)。

摘要：隨著時代的發展與社會的進步，為實現共同富裕，推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化逐漸成為社會討論的重點。基于此，課題組概述了新型城鎮化的含義，闡述了推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化面臨的問題，提出了推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化具體措施。新型城鎮化建設相較于傳(chuan)統(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)有所不同，新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)應從農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)現實利益出(chu)發(fa)，確保(bao)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)身利益的(de)(de)同時，采用多種優惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)以及開創(chuang)綠色通(tong)道，提升農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)遷移(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)意愿，政(zheng)府需做(zuo)到統(tong)一社(she)會(hui)保(bao)障制度、調(diao)整(zheng)房地(di)產價格等，多從農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)現實角度出(chu)發(fa)，解(jie)決相應經(jing)濟困難，消(xiao)除農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)顧(gu)慮，使農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)享有城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居民(min)(min)(min)同等福利待遇，從而充分調(diao)動農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)遷移(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)積極性，促進(jin)新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)發(fa)展進(jin)程。

關鍵詞：城鄉融(rong)合發展；以(yi)人為(wei)核心；新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)

1新型城鎮化的含義

城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)是指人口向城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靠攏的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，其主(zhu)要體(ti)現(xian)在兩方(fang)面，一方(fang)面是城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)數(shu)量的(de)增加；另一方(fang)面是城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人口規(gui)模的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)擴大[1]。為了有(you)效縮小貧(pin)富差距，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)是必要途徑(jing)，相(xiang)較傳(chuan)統城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)而(er)言(yan)，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)優點在于不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)犧牲農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)與糧食以(yi)(yi)(yi)及生(sheng)態環境為代價(jia)，保(bao)障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)經濟(ji)乃(nai)至(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟(ji)的(de)前提下，實(shi)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)與社會公共(gong)服(fu)務均等化(hua)(hua)，從而(er)實(shi)現(xian)共(gong)同(tong)富裕的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)目標。具(ju)體(ti)體(ti)現(xian)在以(yi)(yi)(yi)下幾(ji)個方(fang)面：首先，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)更加強(qiang)調(diao)“質量”，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)不(bu)再(zai)單純追(zhui)求城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)速(su)度(du)(du)，而(er)是著(zhu)眼于農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)為基(ji)準(zhun)，全方(fang)面協同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)，實(shi)現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)一體(ti)發(fa)展(zhan)。其次，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)力度(du)(du)，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)包含新(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)，需主(zhu)管部門加大對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)建設(she)力度(du)(du)，完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基(ji)礎(chu)建設(she)與公共(gong)服(fu)務體(ti)系，充分結合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)自有(you)特征，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)自身逐漸繁榮。最后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)享(xiang)有(you)與城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)相(xiang)同(tong)生(sheng)活(huo)條件情況下，積極(ji)引導農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)改變原有(you)意識，促(cu)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)最短(duan)時(shi)間適應(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)，實(shi)現(xian)將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)向市民(min)化(hua)(hua)的(de)轉變[2]。

2推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化問題

2.1“城(cheng)鄉(xiang)二元(yuan)結構體制(zhi)”問(wen)題

現階段，推進以(yi)人為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)新型城鎮化發展仍(reng)面(mian)臨一些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)，其中(zhong)“城鄉二(er)元(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)體制”問(wen)題(ti)尤(you)為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)，“城鄉二(er)元(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)體制”主要(yao)體現在農村(cun)與城鎮之間的(de)(de)(de)戶籍差異所形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)兩種不同資源配(pei)置(zhi)制度(du)[3]。當(dang)農村(cun)發展到一定程度(du)，形(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)國特有的(de)(de)(de)城中(zhong)村(cun)，其在土地管理以(yi)及戶籍制度(du)等管理中(zhong)仍(reng)沿用農村(cun)管理體制，使得農民能夠以(yi)極小的(de)(de)(de)代價獲得土地使用權(quan)，這種現象嚴重(zhong)阻礙了新型城鎮化發展進程。

2.2第三產業(ye)基礎薄弱，城(cheng)鎮化發展(zhan)后(hou)勁不足

新型(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)推進(jin)(jin)過程中需(xu)要(yao)解決原農(nong)村人口(kou)就業問(wen)題，從而促進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)鄉協(xie)同發展，但(dan)目前國家(jia)第(di)三(san)產業發展較慢，遠(yuan)不如第(di)一(yi)、第(di)二產業，導致其容納勞動者的(de)功能無法有效發揮，對農(nong)民向(xiang)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)轉移造成一(yi)定阻礙。為(wei)全面推進(jin)(jin)新型(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)發展，主管部門需(xu)干預當下(xia)社會(hui)產業發展，提升發展水平，最(zui)大程度為(wei)農(nong)村人口(kou)提供就業機會(hui)，從現實(shi)角度消(xiao)除農(nong)民進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)發展難的(de)關鍵(jian)點(dian)[4]。

2.3農村人口(kou)市民化進(jin)程緩(huan)慢

新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化發展過程(cheng)(cheng)中，出現了(le)農村人(ren)口轉移進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)緩(huan)慢的(de)現象。對(dui)于農民(min)(min)而言，盡(jin)管各(ge)地區紛紛放寬政策，為進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)落(luo)戶(hu)的(de)農民(min)(min)創(chuang)造了(le)有利條件，但落(luo)戶(hu)的(de)農民(min)(min)卻無(wu)法享受(shou)與(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)人(ren)民(min)(min)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)公(gong)共服務(wu)與(yu)社會保障，久而久之農民(min)(min)與(yu)原(yuan)(yuan)有市(shi)民(min)(min)形成一定身(shen)份(fen)差異，使得(de)農民(min)(min)即使在城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)生活(huo)，卻依然無(wu)法獲得(de)正(zheng)式(shi)市(shi)民(min)(min)身(shen)份(fen)，為新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)增(zeng)添了(le)巨大阻礙。秉著以人(ren)為本的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，政府相(xiang)關部門需充(chong)分考(kao)量戶(hu)籍問(wen)題(ti)，盡(jin)快針對(dui)戶(hu)籍管理制度作出相(xiang)關改革安排(pai)，為國(guo)家整體新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮化進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)發展奠定良好基礎。

3推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化的路徑

3.1打破傳統觀念束縛，大(da)力推進制度體系改革

在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)中，公有(you)(you)(you)制、計(ji)劃經(jing)濟以及(ji)按勞分配是(shi)社(she)會主義三大特征，隨(sui)著時代的(de)不(bu)斷進步，中國已(yi)經(jing)突破傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)束縛，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)土地(di)(di)(di)方面，國家(jia)一(yi)直保持(chi)(chi)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)做法，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)土地(di)(di)(di)資源國家(jia)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)，農村土地(di)(di)(di)公有(you)(you)(you)制[5]。針對(dui)此現(xian)象，需(xu)積極(ji)轉(zhuan)變固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)思想(xiang)，打破傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)束縛，從國家(jia)現(xian)階段情(qing)況(kuang)以及(ji)人民(min)主要意(yi)愿出(chu)發，積極(ji)推(tui)進土地(di)(di)(di)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)制改革，實現(xian)土地(di)(di)(di)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)制以多元化(hua)的(de)方式進入(ru)土地(di)(di)(di)交易市場，打破傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)束縛是(shi)時代發展(zhan)必然結果，現(xian)階段新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)中，需(xu)秉著以人為本(ben)(ben)原則，在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)觀念(nian)(nian)(nian)中進行(xing)改革與創新(xin)，為新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)發展(zhan)進程提供(gong)強(qiang)大助力。堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)倡導城鎮化(hua)發展(zhan)，實現(xian)就地(di)(di)(di)城鎮化(hua)[6]。在(zai)(zai)如今物質社(she)會中，政府有(you)(you)(you)關部(bu)門需(xu)充分認清當下局勢，貫徹落實新(xin)型城鎮化(hua)發展(zhan)理(li)念(nian)(nian)(nian)，堅(jian)(jian)守本(ben)(ben)心，杜(du)絕外界(jie)一(yi)切因素干(gan)擾，從農民(min)切身利益出(chu)發，對(dui)中國現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)制度(du)體系進行(xing)深度(du)改革。

3.2大膽改革土地制度，發(fa)揮市場在土地資源配置中的(de)作(zuo)用

土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)制(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)推(tui)進過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因(yin)素，需在(zai)傳(chuan)統思想(xiang)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上進行突破性(xing)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，以(yi)(yi)充(chong)分發揮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)在(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源配置中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用為(wei)出發點，改(gai)革(ge)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)傳(chuan)統土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)制(zhi)度(du)，建(jian)立以(yi)(yi)公有制(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多元化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)所有制(zhi)，并(bing)將(jiang)其融(rong)入土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)產權(quan)交易過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)改(gai)革(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，需全(quan)面(mian)(mian)掌(zhang)握黨所制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)思想(xiang)與政策方(fang)(fang)針，并(bing)將(jiang)其應用到(dao)改(gai)革(ge)之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)[7]。新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)(ben)(ben)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活質量，政府主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)需貫徹落實(shi)以(yi)(yi)人為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)原(yuan)則(ze)，對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)進行制(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)，以(yi)(yi)改(gai)革(ge)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)創(chuang)造更(geng)大(da)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)價值為(wei)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，對(dui)(dui)改(gai)革(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)作(zuo)出全(quan)面(mian)(mian)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)考量。需建(jian)立城(cheng)(cheng)鄉統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，允許農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)體經(jing)營性(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)進入市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，且與國有土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)同(tong)價同(tong)權(quan)，最大(da)程(cheng)度(du)保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)自身切實(shi)利益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，有效(xiao)打(da)破政府對(dui)(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壟斷行為(wei)，為(wei)推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設奠(dian)定(ding)堅實(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。在(zai)改(gai)革(ge)完成(cheng)后，主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)需維(wei)護(hu)改(gai)革(ge)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)，使(shi)改(gai)革(ge)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)不受外界因(yin)素影響，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)運作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，需保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)權(quan)益(yi)，避免受資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)侵害。在(zai)保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)穩(wen)定(ding)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，應引導農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)進行股份合作(zuo)，使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)對(dui)(dui)資(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)運作(zuo)模(mo)式有初(chu)步理解(jie)與認識(shi)，從而為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)發展(zhan)(zhan)奠(dian)定(ding)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)需積極推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)集(ji)體經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造，鼓勵農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)股份合作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式加入集(ji)體經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，能(neng)夠為(wei)了共同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)協同(tong)合作(zuo)，助(zhu)推(tui)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

3.3改革城鄉戶籍管理制(zhi)度，以市場機制(zhi)推進新型城鎮化發展

近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)，為(wei)(wei)促進城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)流動(dong)性，為(wei)(wei)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)建設(she)奠定(ding)(ding)基(ji)礎(chu)，國家對城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)進行了(le)相應改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，比(bi)如部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)區將城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)實行統(tong)一(yi)登記政策(ce)，在(zai)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)再顯示城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)差異。隨著農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)遷(qian)移(yi)政策(ce)的(de)(de)逐漸放寬(kuan)，部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)區已經采用戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)遷(qian)移(yi)不(bu)受限政策(ce)，為(wei)(wei)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)發展開創了(le)綠色通道。城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)需(xu)全(quan)面落實戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，考慮(lv)到(dao)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)普遍文化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)不(bu)高，其首要任務(wu)是要簡化(hua)遷(qian)移(yi)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)手續(xu)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)[8]。戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)立(li)(li)足(zu)社會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)根本，代表(biao)其受轄地(di)(di)區。在(zai)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應做(zuo)到(dao)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)只需(xu)提(ti)供(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和國公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)身份證件原件，即可前(qian)往有(you)關部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)辦(ban)理(li)(li)(li)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)遷(qian)移(yi)，最(zui)(zui)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)簡化(hua)遷(qian)移(yi)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，且在(zai)遷(qian)移(yi)后，確保(bao)(bao)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)能(neng)夠享受與原城(cheng)(cheng)市居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)同(tong)等(deng)權益，包括但不(bu)限于：城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)養老保(bao)(bao)險、城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)醫療保(bao)(bao)險等(deng)社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)障。同(tong)時(shi)，主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)需(xu)要在(zai)工作過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)克服(fu)外(wai)界一(yi)切利益干(gan)擾(rao)因素，國家針對農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)員制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)諸多優惠政策(ce)，致使部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)原城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)員可能(neng)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)將戶(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)遷(qian)移(yi)回農(nong)村的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，在(zai)運作過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)涉及人(ren)(ren)員之間(jian)幕(mu)后交易行為(wei)(wei)。最(zui)(zui)后，主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)需(xu)建立(li)(li)以現(xian)(xian)(xian)居(ju)住地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。考慮(lv)到(dao)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)流動(dong)性，且由于城(cheng)(cheng)市化(hua)建設(she)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷推進，以往采用的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模式已經無法有(you)效應對現(xian)(xian)(xian)階段人(ren)(ren)口(kou)分(fen)布現(xian)(xian)(xian)狀。所(suo)以主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)需(xu)以現(xian)(xian)(xian)居(ju)住地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)實際根據點(dian)出發，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)有(you)效人(ren)(ren)口(kou)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，從(cong)而做(zuo)到(dao)高效管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，為(wei)(wei)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)建設(she)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)提(ti)供(gong)強大(da)助力(li)。

3.4統一社會保障制度，促進人(ren)口跨地(di)區流動

中國(guo)國(guo)土面積(ji)廣闊，經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)程(cheng)度(du)各(ge)(ge)不相(xiang)(xiang)同，為(wei)了(le)得(de)到更好發(fa)展(zhan)，經(jing)濟發(fa)達(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)流(liu)(liu)動性較強，而(er)經(jing)濟落后地區(qu)則人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)流(liu)(liu)動性較低。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)各(ge)(ge)地區(qu)之間自由遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)，主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門需統(tong)一(yi)設定(ding)社(she)(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)，從而(er)促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)跨地區(qu)流(liu)(liu)動性。現(xian)(xian)階段(duan)，由于(yu)各(ge)(ge)地方經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)水平(ping)不同，導致人(ren)(ren)(ren)民在(zai)選擇遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)中，礙于(yu)社(she)(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)水平(ping)不同，不能(neng)實現(xian)(xian)平(ping)行遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)，導致新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化推進(jin)受到了(le)一(yi)定(ding)阻礙[9]。中國(guo)發(fa)達(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)一(yi)般處于(yu)沿海地區(qu)，發(fa)達(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)經(jing)濟效益較高(gao)，隨著人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)不斷遷(qian)(qian)入，給當地財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)門預算(suan)帶來極大負擔，導致削弱(ruo)當地居民平(ping)均社(she)(she)(she)保(bao)(bao)水平(ping)。所以現(xian)(xian)階段(duan)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)社(she)(she)(she)會的(de)穩定(ding)發(fa)展(zhan)，主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門需統(tong)一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉社(she)(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)以及相(xiang)(xiang)關福利待遇(yu)水平(ping)，并(bing)設立相(xiang)(xiang)應社(she)(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)資金，由地區(qu)之間人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)流(liu)(liu)動統(tong)計而(er)進(jin)行相(xiang)(xiang)應劃(hua)(hua)轉，如果出(chu)現(xian)(xian)不足則由上級政(zheng)府(fu)劃(hua)(hua)撥。此外，相(xiang)(xiang)關部(bu)(bu)門需對遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)的(de)農民統(tong)一(yi)發(fa)放(fang)社(she)(she)(she)保(bao)(bao)卡，方便(bian)在(zai)日常(chang)生活中得(de)到更大便(bian)利，且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)確保(bao)(bao)社(she)(she)(she)保(bao)(bao)卡能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)全國(guo)各(ge)(ge)地暢通使用，最大程(cheng)度(du)為(wei)農民的(de)遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)開創綠色通道(dao)，統(tong)一(yi)社(she)(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)不僅能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)提升(sheng)農民遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)(yi)意愿，也(ye)方便(bian)國(guo)家統(tong)一(yi)管(guan)理，從而(er)達(da)(da)(da)到加快新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化建設進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)目的(de)。

3.5調整房地產開發(fa)經營(ying)策略，降(jiang)低(di)農民(min)進(jin)城門檻

農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)難進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)原(yuan)因是(shi)(shi)收(shou)入(ru)方(fang)(fang)面原(yuan)因，農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)普遍偏(pian)低(di)(di)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)主要依靠務(wu)農(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)，即使部(bu)分地區(qu)落實(shi)(shi)務(wu)農(nong)(nong)補助，其(qi)收(shou)入(ru)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)著巨大(da)差(cha)距。農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)遷入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要因素是(shi)(shi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)產，現(xian)(xian)(xian)階段一套(tao)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)產動輒上百萬元，這對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)而(er)(er)言實(shi)(shi)屬承受(shou)范圍之(zhi)外，主管部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)當(dang)務(wu)之(zhi)急是(shi)(shi)調(diao)整房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地產開發(fa)(fa)經(jing)營策(ce)略，降(jiang)低(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)檻(jian)，使農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)切身(shen)實(shi)(shi)地感受(shou)到優惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)以及國家對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決心。在實(shi)(shi)際(ji)運(yun)作中(zhong)，可以利用(yong)土地制度改革多(duo)(duo)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利，降(jiang)低(di)(di)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地產開發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地成本(ben)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地產價(jia)格。不(bu)(bu)僅如此(ci)，還需(xu)(xu)(xu)在符(fu)合(he)新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，允許(xu)(xu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民(min)(min)、農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)、企事業單位進(jin)(jin)行(xing)自主購地建(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，且(qie)允許(xu)(xu)自建(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)流入(ru)市場，如此(ci)采用(yong)多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)，全方(fang)(fang)面多(duo)(duo)角(jiao)度制定針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)措施，從(cong)而(er)(er)極大(da)程(cheng)度降(jiang)低(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)檻(jian)。同時，政(zheng)府部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)需(xu)(xu)(xu)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian)(xian)(xian)階段出現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“小(xiao)產權(quan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”開展有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)治(zhi)理(li)措施。“小(xiao)產權(quan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”是(shi)(shi)指未辦理(li)相關(guan)證(zheng)(zheng)件(jian)且(qie)未繳(jiao)納土地出讓金等費用(yong)而(er)(er)建(jian)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋，此(ci)類房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)產證(zheng)(zheng)并(bing)非由(you)國家房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)管部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)頒發(fa)(fa)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)由(you)鄉政(zheng)府或(huo)村政(zheng)府所頒發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相應憑證(zheng)(zheng)，此(ci)類憑證(zheng)(zheng)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)具備現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)法律(lv)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)力[10]。主管部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)需(xu)(xu)(xu)以農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)自身(shen)利益為(wei)出發(fa)(fa)點，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合(he)相關(guan)規(gui)定且(qie)不(bu)(bu)具備法律(lv)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“小(xiao)產權(quan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴格治(zhi)理(li)，確保農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)能(neng)夠(gou)居(ju)住(zhu)在具有(you)(you)法律(lv)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋內。在實(shi)(shi)際(ji)落實(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，執(zhi)行(xing)人員也(ye)(ye)需(xu)(xu)(xu)結合(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)合(he)理(li)處理(li)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)劃(hua)并(bing)無重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“小(xiao)產權(quan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”可以暫(zan)時保留，但對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)重(zhong)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“小(xiao)產權(quan)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”則需(xu)(xu)(xu)要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)拆除處理(li)，采用(yong)分類處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，盡(jin)量降(jiang)低(di)(di)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費，且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)暫(zan)時保障部(bu)分農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切身(shen)利益，如此(ci)柔性政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施有(you)(you)利于提高政(zheng)府正面形象，從(cong)而(er)(er)為(wei)日后(hou)相應規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施奠定良好基礎。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于存在經(jing)濟(ji)困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)，政(zheng)府也(ye)(ye)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要秉著不(bu)(bu)拋(pao)棄(qi)不(bu)(bu)放棄(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神，為(wei)其(qi)建(jian)設(she)公租(zu)(zu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)集中(zhong)式(shi)居(ju)住(zhu)場所，有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)解決農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)問(wen)題，但需(xu)(xu)(xu)注意，公租(zu)(zu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)集中(zhong)式(shi)建(jian)筑只(zhi)租(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)售(shou)，且(qie)只(zhi)面對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)存在經(jing)濟(ji)困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)。如此(ci)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)與多(duo)(duo)元化(hua)(hua)(hua)供(gong)應，在一定程(cheng)度上能(neng)夠(gou)將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉整體房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)價(jia)回落于正常區(qu)間，為(wei)日后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)奠定良好基礎[11-12]。

4結語

綜上(shang)所述，新型(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)相較于(yu)傳統(tong)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)有所不(bu)同(tong)，新型(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)從農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)現實利益出發(fa)(fa)，確保農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)利益的同(tong)時，采用(yong)多(duo)種優惠政策以(yi)及開創綠色通(tong)道，提升農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)遷移城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的意愿。政府需做(zuo)到統(tong)一社會保障制度、調整房地產價格等，多(duo)從農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)現實角度出發(fa)(fa)，解決相應(ying)經濟(ji)困難，消除(chu)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)顧慮，使農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)享有城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居民(min)(min)同(tong)等福利待遇，從而充分調動農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)遷移城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的積極性，促進(jin)新型(xing)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)發(fa)(fa)展進(jin)程(cheng)。

作者：蘇明敏 李妍 李玲 單位(wei)：衡(heng)水學(xue)院 衡(heng)水市圖書館