導語(yu)：氣象信息系統雷電防護方法(fa)一文(wen)來(lai)源(yuan)于網友上傳，不(bu)代表(biao)本站(zhan)觀點，若需要原創文(wen)章可(ke)咨(zi)詢(xun)客(ke)服老師，歡迎(ying)參考。

雷電襲擊一直是造成各種氣象觀測設備發生故障的重要因素。尤其是電子信息系統，其本身具有較多線路和電子集成系統，在受到雷電襲擊之后會導致中斷，最終(zhong)使得整個設備無法正常運轉(zhuan)，對(dui)(dui)氣(qi)象(xiang)觀測造(zao)成嚴重的(de)阻礙。相關氣(qi)象(xiang)部門必(bi)須針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)雷電襲擊采取有效措施，實現對(dui)(dui)氣(qi)象(xiang)部門內部各種(zhong)電子信息(xi)系統安全(quan)的(de)有效保(bao)護[1]。

1當前氣(qi)象信息系(xi)統雷電保護的(de)情(qing)況

依據現階段我國在進行氣象觀測的相關規定，當前使用的地面氣象觀測設備一般可以實現對一定范圍內的氣候條件的有效探測，在設備架設時要注意，架設區域內要保證處于地勢平坦、障礙物較少。如果在探測范圍內存在較多的高層建筑或者較高的植物就無法保證觀測的效果，同時在一定程度上使得遭受雷電襲擊的幾率大幅度增加。在實際氣象觀測的過程中，即使按照相關規定進行設計施工。很多地區在對氣象觀測站進行建設的過程中受到一些條件的限制，同時當前氣候變化情況以及防雷設施存在老化現象較為嚴重，使得很多氣象站對雷電的防護能力出現下降。雷電襲擊造(zao)成氣象站內儀器設備受損的(de)情況較為嚴重[2]。

2氣象信(xin)息系統雷(lei)電(dian)防護的措(cuo)施

2.1提升天線系統的防雷效果。現階段使用天線系統防雷主要是在屋頂或者屋面上架設天線，天線同防雷基地裝置相連接，在受到雷電侵襲的時候可以實現將雷電導地的目的。如果需要擴大天線防雷的防護范圍，就需要在天線上加設避雷針，同時保證天線的接地裝置安全可靠。如果需要將天線接引到室內，為了避免造成對室內設施的損害，就需要加設天饋設備[3]。2.2相關線路的雷電防護措施。電子信息系統線路對信息進行接收和處理，在設置過程中需要用到較多的管線。常見的主要有各種電纜以及進出氣象站的各種金屬管。這些電纜和金屬管本身具有一定的導電性，在室外容易受到雷電的襲擊。這就要求必須對其進行雷電保護。一般操作是通過在連接設備的接地裝置外部加裝電纜鋼管套或者金屬外皮以實現對雷電的有效屏蔽。對高空架設的電纜則需要加裝天饋設備。通過調查可以發現，在所有的雷電事故中，地埋線受到雷擊而發生的雷電事故占其中的重要部分。對這種情況可以使用線纜串崗管理以及設置屏蔽層等方法實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)。此外(wai)，在氣象(xiang)站(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)際工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中可(ke)以(yi)(yi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)，大部(bu)分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)信(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)生損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)襲(xi)(xi)擊產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾對(dui)(dui)(dui)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)造成(cheng)了(le)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)這些設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)取多(duo)級(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高。現(xian)(xian)階段一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涌保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器。但是(shi)(shi)在對(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)選擇(ze)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)依據(ju)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)耐受(shou)(shou)情(qing)況以(yi)(yi)及(ji)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)環(huan)境和(he)建筑物(wu)情(qing)況對(dui)(dui)(dui)其等(deng)(deng)級(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)選擇(ze)[4]。2.3弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)(shi)。在對(dui)(dui)(dui)氣象(xiang)信(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)過程(cheng)中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)多(duo)個(ge)方面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)考(kao)慮。例如對(dui)(dui)(dui)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、地線(xian)(xian)和(he)天線(xian)(xian)、內部(bu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)外(wai)部(bu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)，依據(ju)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象(xiang)選擇(ze)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)(shi)。現(xian)(xian)階段進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)通過采(cai)取一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容易(yi)(yi)侵襲(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通道(dao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)，具體(ti)為(wei)設(she)(she)(she)置接地網絡(luo)、屏蔽(bi)網絡(luo)、避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)針等(deng)(deng)。針對(dui)(dui)(dui)信(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)輸系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)這些容易(yi)(yi)受(shou)(shou)到雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)襲(xi)(xi)擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)假裝避雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)遭受(shou)(shou)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)襲(xi)(xi)擊之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消除(chu)。總之(zhi)，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)經濟、安全(quan)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)個(ge)方面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)綜(zong)合考(kao)慮，制定(ding)出最為(wei)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)體(ti)系(xi)，避免弱點系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)受(shou)(shou)到雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)襲(xi)(xi)擊，造成(cheng)不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)失。2.4傳(chuan)輸網絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)(shi)。傳(chuan)輸網絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)氣象(xiang)信(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。在遭受(shou)(shou)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)襲(xi)(xi)擊之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)可(ke)能受(shou)(shou)到雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響而出現(xian)(xian)不同(tong)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)導線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)連接，在受(shou)(shou)到雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)侵襲(xi)(xi)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)能產(chan)生各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波，使(shi)得各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)信(xin)號(hao)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)者配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)出現(xian)(xian)故(gu)障。要(yao)(yao)(yao)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)輸網絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)，一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)首先是(shi)(shi)加裝SPD設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，使(shi)得在遭受(shou)(shou)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)侵襲(xi)(xi)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)得到有效(xiao)控制。同(tong)時通過對(dui)(dui)(dui)建筑物(wu)等(deng)(deng)區域進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)屏蔽(bi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)有效(xiao)降低(di)感應效(xiao)應，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)輸網絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

3結束語

文章通過對氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)信息(xi)系統雷電防(fang)護(hu)(hu)常見的問(wen)題以(yi)及(ji)相關改(gai)進措施進行研究(jiu)發現，只有(you)采(cai)取(qu)具有(you)較強(qiang)針對性的方法，才能實現對氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)信息(xi)系統雷電防(fang)護(hu)(hu)效果(guo)的提高。

參考文獻：

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作(zuo)者:鄧滔 單(dan)位:內江市(shi)防雷中心