摘要(yao)：為適應電(dian)力(li)市場發展改革、火電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)指標考核及(ji)日常電(dian)能量統(tong)(tong)計、平衡率計算的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，在火電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)建(jian)立一套穩定可靠的(de)電(dian)能量自(zi)(zi)動(dong)采(cai)集(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)已成為必然。本(ben)文以江蘇新海(hai)發電(dian)有限公司電(dian)能量自(zi)(zi)動(dong)采(cai)集(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)建(jian)設為例，探討了火電(dian)廠(chang)(chang)電(dian)能量自(zi)(zi)動(dong)采(cai)集(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)建(jian)設的(de)若(ruo)干(gan)問題。

關鍵詞：電(dian)廠電(dian)能量(liang)自動采集系統(tong)平衡率(lv)

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場運(yun)(yun)營過程中(zhong)，買賣雙(shuang)方交(jiao)易的(de)(de)物理量(liang)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能量(liang)，對(dui)發、供電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)、聯絡線(xian)交(jiao)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)、網(wang)損(sun)（線(xian)損(sun)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)及分(fen)(fen)時、分(fen)(fen)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)采(cai)集、監視(shi)、統計(ji)、分(fen)(fen)析、運(yun)(yun)算是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場運(yun)(yun)營的(de)(de)主要內容；建設電(dian)(dian)(dian)能量(liang)自動采(cai)集系統是(shi)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場運(yun)(yun)營的(de)(de)基礎。對(dui)火力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)，主要對(dui)發、供電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進行統計(ji)，對(dui)機組平衡率、交(jiao)接班電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)等進行統計(ji)計(ji)算，以加強(qiang)管(guan)理，并采(cai)取(qu)相應措施降低損(sun)耗，提高效率。

以我們江蘇(su)新海發(fa)(fa)電(dian)有(you)限(xian)為例(li)，每天分(fen)四(si)班，傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式是每次交接(jie)班時抄表，人(ren)(ren)工(gong)錄入進行(xing)(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)；這(zhe)種人(ren)(ren)工(gong)抄表、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)不能(neng)(neng)滿足實時、分(fen)時及(ji)動(dong)態分(fen)析管理的(de)(de)(de)要求，電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)已(yi)勢在必行(xing)(xing)。江蘇(su)新海發(fa)(fa)電(dian)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)自(zi)動(dong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)于2001年9月底基本(ben)建(jian)成。該(gai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)了(le)所有(you)機組的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)數據(ju)，完成了(le)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)、存儲(chu)、總加計(ji)(ji)算(suan)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)、報表打印等功能(neng)(neng)；系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)代替了(le)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)抄表，提(ti)高了(le)數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)同步性(xing)、及(ji)時性(xing)、準(zhun)確(que)性(xing)和完整(zheng)性(xing)；系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對全公(gong)司(si)(si)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)情況和各類平衡(heng)率(lv)進行(xing)(xing)自(zi)動(dong)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)，提(ti)高了(le)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)速度和自(zi)動(dong)化水平；利用系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)班次考核，提(ti)高了(le)企業的(de)(de)(de)管理水平和效率(lv)；各部(bu)門(men)可通過Web查看所有(you)數據(ju)和報表，進行(xing)(xing)不同的(de)(de)(de)二次開發(fa)(fa)，提(ti)高了(le)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)利用率(lv)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（如圖1所示）分(fen)主站(zhan)和采(cai)(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)終端（ERTU）兩部(bu)分(fen)，主站(zhan)與(yu)ERTU之間采(cai)(cai)(cai)用網絡通信方(fang)式進行(xing)(xing)數據(ju)傳(chuan)輸(shu)。主站(zhan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用南京華瑞杰自(zi)動(dong)化設備有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)COM-2000系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、廠站(zhan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用該(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)MPE-III電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)遠方(fang)數據(ju)終端。

1、江蘇新海發(fa)電(dian)有限公司電(dian)能量(liang)自(zi)動采集系(xi)統配置

1.1主站系統配置

摘(zhai)要(yao)：為適應電(dian)力市場(chang)發展(zhan)改(gai)革、火(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)指標考核及日常電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)統(tong)計(ji)、平衡率(lv)計(ji)算的需要(yao)，在火(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)建立一套(tao)穩定可靠的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)自(zi)動(dong)采集(ji)系統(tong)已成為必然。本文以江蘇新海發電(dian)有限(xian)公司(si)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)自(zi)動(dong)采集(ji)系統(tong)的建設(she)為例，探討了火(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)自(zi)動(dong)采集(ji)系統(tong)的建設(she)的若干問題。

關鍵詞(ci)：電(dian)廠電(dian)能量自動采集系(xi)統平衡率

在(zai)電(dian)力市場運營(ying)過(guo)程中(zhong)，買賣雙方交(jiao)易的物理量(liang)是電(dian)能量(liang)，對(dui)發、供電(dian)量(liang)、聯絡線(xian)交(jiao)換(huan)電(dian)量(liang)、網(wang)損（線(xian)損）電(dian)量(liang)及分(fen)(fen)時、分(fen)(fen)類(lei)電(dian)量(liang)的采(cai)集、監視、統(tong)計(ji)、分(fen)(fen)析、運算是電(dian)力市場運營(ying)的主要內容；建設電(dian)能量(liang)自動采(cai)集系統(tong)是實(shi)現電(dian)力市場運營(ying)的基礎。對(dui)火力發電(dian)廠，主要對(dui)發、供電(dian)量(liang)進(jin)行統(tong)計(ji)，對(dui)機組平衡(heng)率、交(jiao)接班(ban)電(dian)量(liang)等進(jin)行統(tong)計(ji)計(ji)算，以加強(qiang)管理，并采(cai)取相應(ying)措施(shi)降(jiang)低損耗，提高效率。

以我們江蘇新海發(fa)電(dian)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)為例，每(mei)天分四(si)班，傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的方(fang)(fang)式是每(mei)次交接班時(shi)(shi)(shi)抄表，人工錄入進(jin)(jin)行統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)；這(zhe)種人工抄表、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足實時(shi)(shi)(shi)、分時(shi)(shi)(shi)及動(dong)態分析管理的要求，電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)式的改變(bian)已勢在必行。江蘇新海發(fa)電(dian)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)自動(dong)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)于2001年9月底基本建成(cheng)。該系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)了(le)所有(you)(you)(you)機組的全部電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，完成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的自動(dong)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)、存儲、總(zong)加(jia)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、報表打印等功能(neng)(neng)(neng)；系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)代替(ti)了(le)人工抄表，提高(gao)了(le)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的同步性(xing)(xing)、及時(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)、準確(que)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)完整性(xing)(xing)；系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)全公(gong)司發(fa)電(dian)情況和(he)(he)(he)各類平衡(heng)率進(jin)(jin)行自動(dong)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，提高(gao)了(le)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)速度(du)和(he)(he)(he)自動(dong)化水(shui)平；利用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行分班次考(kao)核，提高(gao)了(le)企業的管理水(shui)平和(he)(he)(he)效率；各部門(men)可通過Web查看所有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)(he)報表，進(jin)(jin)行不同的二(er)次開發(fa)，提高(gao)了(le)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的利用(yong)(yong)率。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（如圖1所示）分主站和(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)終端（ERTU）兩部分，主站與(yu)ERTU之間采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)網絡通信方(fang)(fang)式進(jin)(jin)行數(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸。主站采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)南京華瑞杰(jie)自動(dong)化設備有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司的COM-2000系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、廠站采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)該公(gong)司的MPE-III電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)遠方(fang)(fang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)終端。

1、江蘇(su)新海發電有限(xian)公司電能量自(zi)動(dong)采集系統配置(zhi)

1.1主(zhu)站系統配置(zhi)

摘要(yao)(yao)：我國社會(hui)經濟(ji)正處于高(gao)速發展(zhan)階段，國家電(dian)網覆(fu)蓋面(mian)積將(jiang)不(bu)斷擴展(zhan)，電(dian)力(li)資源(yuan)將(jiang)在很長一段時間成為我國生產生活中耗(hao)用最(zui)多的能(neng)源(yuan)之一。熱(re)能(neng)與(yu)動(dong)力(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)具(ju)有較強的綜合(he)(he)性與(yu)系統性，本(ben)文(wen)基(ji)于電(dian)廠熱(re)能(neng)與(yu)動(dong)力(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中影(ying)響節(jie)能(neng)降耗(hao)的主要(yao)(yao)因素，提出(chu)了基(ji)于節(jie)能(neng)降耗(hao)的熱(re)能(neng)與(yu)動(dong)力(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的合(he)(he)理運用措施，以為電(dian)廠高(gao)效穩定發展(zhan)提供理論(lun)基(ji)礎。

關鍵詞：熱能與動力工(gong)程；電廠；節能；應用；措施

隨著社會經濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展，電力(li)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)得到了推廣與應(ying)(ying)用。而在(zai)電廠發(fa)電的(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)離(li)不開熱能(neng)與動力(li)工(gong)程的(de)使用。目前，在(zai)國家電網覆蓋面積及熱能(neng)與動力(li)工(gong)程應(ying)(ying)用不斷(duan)擴大的(de)背景下(xia)，我(wo)國電廠開始(shi)關注合(he)理利用能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)問題，尤其開始(shi)重視節(jie)能(neng)降耗在(zai)熱能(neng)與動力(li)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應(ying)(ying)用，以維持電廠的(de)可持續(xu)發(fa)展。

1.熱能(neng)與動(dong)力工(gong)程(cheng)及其在發電(dian)廠中的(de)應(ying)用

(1)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(thermalenergy)是(shi)(shi)生命的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)不同，熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)只有在熱(re)(re)(re)傳(chuan)遞中才會出現(xian)，是(shi)(shi)過(guo)程量(liang)(liang)，而(er)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)狀態量(liang)(liang)，是(shi)(shi)需要被(bei)消耗的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)。動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)范圍(wei)廣闊(kuo)，現(xian)代新動(dong)(dong)力(li)不僅包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)傳(chuan)統的(de)水(shui)、石油和煤炭等，還包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、核能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等。熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)需要一定的(de)載體如鍋爐、內燃(ran)機等才可實(shi)現(xian)其價值。而(er)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程就是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)裝置的(de)作用(yong)實(shi)現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)一項工程。(2)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程在發(fa)電廠中的(de)應(ying)用(yong)自(zi)然(ran)界中萬物(wu)遵循能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)守(shou)恒定律，而(er)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)。通過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程，可將熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)力(li)，進而(er)再轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。在我國，熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程涉及(ji)到的(de)領域比較廣泛。一般(ban)來說，在電廠的(de)發(fa)電過(guo)程中更離不開熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程的(de)應(ying)用(yong)，可以說，熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和動(dong)(dong)力(li)工程對發(fa)電廠的(de)電力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產生了主導性的(de)作用(yong)。

2.影響電廠(chang)電能(neng)生產節能(neng)降耗的主要因素

摘要：我(wo)(wo)國(guo)正處于經濟(ji)高速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展階段，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)實際用(yong)(yong)量(liang)方面(mian)需求日漸增加。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)雖為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)各(ge)方面(mian)帶來積(ji)極星座，但是(shi)量(liang)數具有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)有(you)(you)限性，若人們隨意使用(yong)(yong)，忽視節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗，人類面(mian)臨新(xin)的(de)生(sheng)存(cun)壓力(li)(li)(li)。基于可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展層(ceng)面(mian)，對(dui)資源(yuan)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高效應用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)社會關(guan)注的(de)核心問題(ti)(ti)，火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電廠(chang)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)重(zhong)要發(fa)(fa)(fa)電主力(li)(li)(li)軍，是(shi)為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)提(ti)供電力(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)重(zhong)要基礎。火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電中主要將煤炭、天然氣(qi)等作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)原料，通過熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化實現發(fa)(fa)(fa)電，火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電過程中，存(cun)在部分(fen)(fen)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)浪費及污(wu)染，新(xin)時期(qi)背景下(xia)，做好電氣(qi)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗十分(fen)(fen)關(guan)鍵。本(ben)文(wen)闡述火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電廠(chang)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗必要性基礎上(shang)，分(fen)(fen)析其實際生(sheng)產中電氣(qi)化耗損問題(ti)(ti)，提(ti)出(chu)針對(dui)性技術優(you)化措施。

關(guan)鍵(jian)詞：火力發電廠；節能降耗；問題；措(cuo)施

我國作為(wei)一(yi)個能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大(da)國，對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗(hao)(hao)量(liang)(liang)持續增加，且(qie)伴(ban)隨社會高速發(fa)展，以及生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)需求量(liang)(liang)提(ti)升(sheng)，實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用率(lv)最大(da)化，減少各類資源(yuan)浪(lang)費，是目(mu)前電力(li)(li)(li)行業(ye)著重考量(liang)(liang)問題之一(yi)。新常態下，電力(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)面臨新的挑戰，火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)電過程中需耗(hao)(hao)損大(da)量(liang)(liang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，實際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程中，受多方面因素影(ying)響，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用率(lv)仍處(chu)于較低水平，需不斷加強節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)損措施探(tan)索(suo)，提(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用效率(lv)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)順利(li)(li)推進提(ti)供便捷。為(wei)進一(yi)步實現在火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)電廠節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)耗(hao)(hao)目(mu)標，需準確(que)把握(wo)電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)損現狀(zhuang)，制(zhi)定針對(dui)性應對(dui)策略，正(zheng)確(que)引導火力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)電廠穩步走向(xiang)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)耗(hao)(hao)可持續發(fa)展道路。

1加強火力發電(dian)廠電(dian)氣節能降(jiang)耗技術(shu)必要(yao)性

我國經(jing)濟高度(du)發(fa)(fa)展背(bei)景下(xia)，節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)是(shi)(shi)企業健康發(fa)(fa)展基(ji)礎保障，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)黨中央國務院，對(dui)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保給予(yu)高度(du)重(zhong)視。火力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源耗(hao)損(sun)量大(da)，且(qie)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)污染程度(du)嚴重(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)之(zhi)一，節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)成(cheng)為提(ti)升(sheng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)提(ti)升(sheng)重(zhong)要路徑。新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)中國特(te)色社會主義思(si)想(xiang)指導下(xia)，加強火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)十分(fen)關鍵(jian)，主要體現在以(yi)下(xia)幾方面(mian)：首先(xian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)火力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)基(ji)礎設備(bei)(bei)核(he)心(xin)構成(cheng)，利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)，可(ke)高效(xiao)實現節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)目(mu)(mu)標。根據實踐研(yan)究調查表(biao)明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源耗(hao)損(sun)核(he)心(xin)是(shi)(shi)各類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)損(sun)耗(hao)，所以(yi)通過行之(zhi)有效(xiao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，從整體層面(mian)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)效(xiao)目(mu)(mu)標，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)最大(da)化。譬(pi)如將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機系統優(you)(you)化改造，減(jian)少煤炭使用(yong)量，獲取(qu)良(liang)好的經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)；其(qi)次，有助于緩解生(sheng)態失衡(heng)，打造生(sheng)態、高效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企業。火力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)、低收益(yi)瓶(ping)頸(jing)難以(yi)突破，雖然國家為消除(chu)其(qi)問題，不斷加強節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)建設，但其(qi)問題仍存在。通過優(you)(you)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，可(ke)有效(xiao)解決生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)惡化瓶(ping)頸(jing)。由上述分(fen)析表(biao)明，加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)可(ke)從本質(zhi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)損(sun)，提(ti)升(sheng)熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化效(xiao)率(lv)，減(jian)少對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源浪費[1]。

2火力發(fa)電廠常見電氣(qi)化耗損問題

在(zai)社會經(jing)濟快速發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力能源的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)得到了(le)大力發展(zhan)。尤其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)，對(dui)熱能與動力工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)非常廣泛(fan)。在(zai)當前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)網面積增加以及熱能與動力工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷應用(yong)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)開始將(jiang)目(mu)光轉(zhuan)向對(dui)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理運(yun)用(yong)上，其(qi)中(zhong)節(jie)能降耗是(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重點，節(jie)能降耗這項技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)是(shi)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)可持續發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要技術。

1熱(re)能與動力工程的概念

熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)與動力學(xue)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是通過(guo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)、力學(xue)、計算(suan)機等學(xue)科(ke)的(de)發散性技術理(li)論(lun)，在熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)的(de)生產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中對能(neng)(neng)量進行管控(kong)以及優化的(de)效果(guo)(guo)，以此來使能(neng)(neng)量的(de)轉(zhuan)換效率得到提高，并且使能(neng)(neng)量的(de)損耗降到最低。與此同(tong)時(shi)，對動力工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在內(nei)燃機等動力系統中的(de)合(he)理(li)運(yun)用(yong)，對熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)動能(neng)(neng)的(de)效率的(de)提升(sheng)效果(guo)(guo)顯著(zhu)，可以合(he)理(li)有效降低能(neng)(neng)量的(de)損耗。

2影(ying)響電(dian)廠電(dian)能生(sheng)產(chan)的原(yuan)因分析

電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是極為(wei)復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包含很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產步驟，如果有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)步驟出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)問題(ti)都會(hui)(hui)(hui)對電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產造(zao)成嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，還很有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)造(zao)成重(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)是指將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反(fan)復(fu)(fu)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)廠中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)如果出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)造(zao)成重(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)廠要(yao)采取有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施將(jiang)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下所產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)合理進(jin)行(xing)(xing)應用(yong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)達到(dao)(dao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)廠往往會(hui)(hui)(hui)受到(dao)(dao)外界因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)造(zao)成變工(gong)(gong)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，總而(er)言之(zhi)，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)變工(gong)(gong)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)因素有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下方面。2.1熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)失(shi)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，最(zui)常出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)即為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)，但(dan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)失(shi)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。基于(yu)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)將(jiang)控(kong)制熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)作(zuo)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點。但(dan)實(shi)際(ji)上在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，由(you)(you)于(yu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)使(shi)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)大規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳遞以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)，并不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保證每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)環節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)都不會(hui)(hui)(hui)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，因此(ci)會(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)累(lei)積到(dao)(dao)下一(yi)(yi)環節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)環節(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)剩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)如果不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)得到(dao)(dao)解決，則可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)旦出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)引起整個(ge)系統運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量失(shi)衡現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)造(zao)成不可(ke)挽回的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。2.2凝(ning)氣(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)不穩定(ding)。凝(ning)氣(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置是電(dian)(dian)廠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，這(zhe)項裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置在(zai)(zai)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)隨著(zhu)各(ge)種因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響（如負荷及(ji)(ji)冷卻水溫度變化(hua)）而(er)使(shi)凝(ning)氣(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)壓產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)變化(hua)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響下，由(you)(you)于(yu)凝(ning)氣(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置缺乏穩定(ding)性而(er)使(shi)得實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變工(gong)(gong)與(yu)預期之(zhi)間存(cun)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差。2.3設(she)(she)備(bei)和用(yong)電(dian)(dian)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，由(you)(you)于(yu)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間較(jiao)長以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)沒(mei)有(you)(you)對設(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維修和養護(hu)，導致(zhi)“帶病”運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況(kuang)時(shi)有(you)(you)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，對設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)與(yu)使(shi)用(yong)來說有(you)(you)著(zhu)較(jiao)為(wei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。在(zai)(zai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)上也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)不小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險，會(hui)(hui)(hui)造(zao)成設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性及(ji)(ji)安全性降低，這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)來就會(hui)(hui)(hui)影響電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產并且會(hui)(hui)(hui)使(shi)變工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)程(cheng)降低，對變工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利開展提出(chu)(chu)了(le)挑戰(zhan)。

3熱能與動力工程的實際運用策略

電(dian)(dian)力能源是人類(lei)生產(chan)生活不可(ke)或缺的(de)資源，電(dian)(dian)廠電(dian)(dian)能生產(chan)的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)會對熱能以及動力能源產(chan)生消耗。通過技術手(shou)段與管理方式(shi)的(de)創新，提升熱能及動力工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)應用(yong)效率，降低(di)電(dian)(dian)廠生產(chan)中(zhong)對能源的(de)消耗，是現實電(dian)(dian)能生產(chan)長效性的(de)基本(ben)途徑。

1、熱能及動力工程概(gai)述(shu)

動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)是一(yi)項范(fan)圍較(jiao)為廣泛的(de)(de)力(li)(li)量能(neng)(neng)源，除了傳統的(de)(de)水資源、煤炭資源之外，風能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)以(yi)及核能(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)型能(neng)(neng)源均屬于動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)范(fan)疇。動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)承載與儲存等(deng)(deng)需要發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)、內燃機(ji)以(yi)及鍋爐等(deng)(deng)設(she)備進(jin)行保障(zhang)，動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)與熱能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)轉化是實現(xian)能(neng)(neng)源生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要前提條件(jian)[1]。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)廠等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)源生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)利用(yong)專業(ye)設(she)備與技(ji)術，實現(xian)熱能(neng)(neng)與動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)轉化，進(jin)而實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)源上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。使用(yong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)設(she)備及技(ji)術對熱能(neng)(neng)與動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)工程進(jin)行應用(yong)與轉化，是保證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率的(de)(de)重(zhong)要條件(jian)。

2、電廠中熱能及動力工(gong)程(cheng)的作用(yong)

電(dian)廠生產的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗(hao)與(yu)(yu)生產效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率會(hui)受到鍋爐運(yun)行情況、電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)儲備情況以(yi)及凝氣(qi)、通(tong)氣(qi)裝(zhuang)置運(yun)行情況等因素的(de)(de)(de)影響。在電(dian)廠實際生產過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，一部(bu)分熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為電(dian)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源滿足生產需求，還有一部(bu)分熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)發電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行。要在能(neng)(neng)(neng)源生產中(zhong)(zhong)實現節能(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)，需要在能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)對轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率與(yu)(yu)質量進行保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)，通(tong)過對熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)動(dong)力(li)工程(cheng)特點(dian)以(yi)及兩者融合性的(de)(de)(de)分析，達(da)到降低能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，促進企業經濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益與(yu)(yu)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)。

3、節能降耗理念下熱(re)能及動力(li)工程的應用

隨(sui)著電(dian)網(wang)商業(ye)(ye)化運營發展的(de)需(xu)要和相(xiang)關(guan)技術要求的(de)不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，電(dian)網(wang)中關(guan)口(kou)(kou)計量(liang)裝置(zhi)之(zhi)準確(que)性越來越受到(dao)人們的(de)重視(shi)，把(ba)準關(guan)口(kou)(kou)電(dian)能量(liang)計量(liang)這桿“秤(cheng)”，對供電(dian)企業(ye)(ye)而言尤為重要。

為了準確掌握供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)關口(kou)計量的現狀(zhuang)，自*月(yue)上(shang)旬至(zhi)*月(yue)底，先后對西安供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、邯鄲供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)和(he)衡(heng)水供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、滄州供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的關口(kou)計量現狀(zhuang)進行(xing)了調研。現將調研情況匯(hui)報如下(xia)：

一(yi)、關口計量裝置配置原則

關口計量裝(zhuang)置包括關口電能(neng)表(biao)、電壓互感器、電流互感器和二次回路等。

關口電能(neng)表(biao)是(shi)指安裝運行在(zai)發電企業(ye)上網(wang)、跨區(qu)聯絡線(xian)、省(sheng)網(wang)聯絡線(xian)及(ji)省(sheng)內下網(wang)等關口電能(neng)計(ji)量裝置中(zhong)的電能(neng)表(biao)，用于貿(mao)易結(jie)算和內部(bu)經濟(ji)指標的考(kao)核，在(zai)整個電網(wang)的電能(neng)計(ji)量中(zhong)承擔著(zhu)重(zhong)要(yao)責任，應(ying)設置進口或國產符合規(gui)程要(yao)求的多功能(neng)電能(neng)表(biao)，精確度為0.2s級(ji)、0.5s級(ji)或0.5級(ji)。

計(ji)量用(yong)電(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)精(jing)度(du)為0.2s級(ji)(ji)或0.2級(ji)(ji)，電(dian)壓互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)精(jing)度(du)為0.2級(ji)(ji)或0.5級(ji)(ji)。選用(yong)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)時應考慮按(an)照設計(ji)，在實際運行狀態下的二(er)次(ci)回路負(fu)荷應在25％～100％互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)額定二(er)次(ci)負(fu)荷范圍內。

一、實習安排

下(xia)午我(wo)觀(guan)賞了化學(xue)車(che)間以及水泵房。上(shang)午我(wo)觀(guan)賞了輸(shu)煤系(xi)統。

下午我(wo)來(lai)到國際發電廠進行為期(qi)一周的認(ren)識(shi)實習。

進行了平安規則的教育(yu)。

由(you)電廠的師傅給我進行了發電廠生產過(guo)程的教育。

都(dou)在熱工(gong)車間跟班實習。

一、實習安排

號(hao)下午(wu)我(wo)們(men)來(lai)到了大唐國際發電廠(chang)進行為(wei)期一周的認識實(shi)習。

號上午，我(wo)們進行了安全(quan)規則的教育(yu)。

號下午，由電(dian)廠(chang)的師傅給我們進行(xing)了發電(dian)廠(chang)生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)的教育(yu)。

號和一(yi)號的一(yi)整天，我(wo)們都在熱(re)工車間跟班(ban)實(shi)習。

號上午(wu)我們(men)參(can)觀了(le)(le)機爐部分(fen)，下(xia)午(wu)我們(men)參(can)觀了(le)(le)電(dian)氣部分(fen)。

鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐在(zai)火電廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)于能(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)換，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)應用(yong)設備(bei)非常(chang)關(guan)鍵;鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐在(zai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)領域中(zhong)應用(yong)廣泛，同(tong)時(shi)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐在(zai)人(ren)們日常(chang)生活中(zhong)也很常(chang)見(jian)，是(shi)(shi)人(ren)們生活當中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)器皿之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。但是(shi)(shi)需要強(qiang)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)火電廠(chang)(chang)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐和日程(cheng)生活中(zhong)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐還(huan)是(shi)(shi)有所區別的(de)(de)(de)(de)，二者(zhe)之間不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)混為一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)。火電廠(chang)(chang)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐對(dui)于我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)民(min)經濟快速發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)及(ji)社(she)會進步做出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)突出(chu)(chu)貢獻(xian)，但同(tong)時(shi)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐在(zai)使用(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)也造成資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重浪費。近幾十年，我國(guo)(guo)對(dui)于能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)效率一(yi)(yi)(yi)直不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)很高，在(zai)近幾年情況才有所改善。為了(le)(le)社(she)會可(ke)持續(xu)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)，節(jie)約不(bu)(bu)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及(ji)加(jia)強(qiang)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，我國(guo)(guo)有關(guan)部門近幾年逐步加(jia)大(da)了(le)(le)對(dui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳力(li)度。例如電視(shi)公益廣告(gao)經常(chang)播放一(yi)(yi)(yi)些關(guan)于關(guan)愛(ai)地(di)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)片(pian)段，以(yi)及(ji)公交(jiao)站臺(tai)時(shi)不(bu)(bu)時(shi)登載一(yi)(yi)(yi)些節(jie)約地(di)球(qiu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣告(gao)語(yu)，這(zhe)都是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)有關(guan)部門在(zai)加(jia)大(da)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)力(li)度宣傳。在(zai)大(da)力(li)推動國(guo)(guo)民(min)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)及(ji)進行市場經濟體(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，最大(da)程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護地(di)球(qiu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，堅(jian)定不(bu)(bu)移走可(ke)持續(xu)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)道路;這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)基本(ben)國(guo)(guo)策，其重要性不(bu)(bu)容(rong)忽(hu)視(shi)。

1我國(guo)火電廠鍋爐運行發展實際(ji)現狀

近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)(lai)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)經濟發展(zhan)迅速，科(ke)學技術(shu)創新向(xiang)前發展(zhan)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)制(zhi)造(zao)技術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)也有了(le)很大(da)提升。近(jin)十幾年(nian)來(lai)(lai)，隨著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)改革(ge)開放的腳(jiao)步(bu)(bu)持續加快(kuai)以及(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民經濟的發展(zhan)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)經營規(gui)模逐漸擴大(da)，制(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)穩步(bu)(bu)提升，現階段鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)行(xing)業標(biao)準趨于完善(shan)，產品(pin)種類繁多。盡管我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)制(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)已經顯著提高(gao)，但(dan)是這(zhe)并(bing)不(bu)能(neng)掩(yan)蓋我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)在制(zhi)造(zao)過(guo)程(cheng)中存在資源(yuan)極(ji)度(du)浪(lang)(lang)費(fei)這(zhe)一(yi)事實;換(huan)(huan)句話(hua)說，雖(sui)然(ran)目(mu)前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)制(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)雖(sui)然(ran)取得了(le)一(yi)定的進步(bu)(bu)，但(dan)是在節能(neng)環(huan)保方面還存在不(bu)足。眾所(suo)周(zhou)知，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)目(mu)前的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)主要依(yi)靠火(huo)力(li)(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)火(huo)力(li)(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱量的主要來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)就是煤(mei)炭(tan)，煤(mei)炭(tan)是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)主要能(neng)源(yuan)這(zhe)一(yi)局面尚且存在。在社會(hui)經濟快(kuai)速發展(zhan)的今天，社會(hui)各界對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的需(xu)求范圍以及(ji)(ji)數量越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)大(da)，需(xu)求與供給(gei)之(zhi)間缺(que)口進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)擴大(da)，倘(tang)若火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)仍然(ran)依(yi)照(zhao)傳統方法進行(xing)能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)，將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)資源(yuan)極(ji)度(du)浪(lang)(lang)費(fei)，且不(bu)利(li)于環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)。火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)根據能(neng)量相(xiang)互轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)原理，通過(guo)煤(mei)炭(tan)燃燒將(jiang)(jiang)熱能(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)生產。煤(mei)炭(tan)在燃燒過(guo)程(cheng)中，會(hui)產生以下環(huan)境(jing)污染物質:二氧化(hua)(hua)硫(liu)，三氧化(hua)(hua)硫(liu)，一(yi)氧化(hua)(hua)碳，粉塵，PM2．5顆(ke)粒(li)以及(ji)(ji)其他(ta)各類物質。這(zhe)些環(huan)境(jing)污染物質將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)直接或間接危(wei)害人體(ti)健康(kang)，破環(huan)生態環(huan)境(jing)，且對(dui)火(huo)力(li)(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)生產效率以及(ji)(ji)安(an)全有所(suo)影響，進而(er)出現火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)安(an)全隱患以及(ji)(ji)提高(gao)運行(xing)成(cheng)本。簡言之(zhi)，加強火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)節能(neng)減排工作，對(dui)于節約(yue)煤(mei)炭(tan)能(neng)源(yuan)以及(ji)(ji)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)意義重大(da)。

2火電廠鍋爐運行(xing)過程中污(wu)染排放(fang)問(wen)題分析探討

2．1火電(dian)廠鍋爐節能減排體系機制(zhi)健(jian)全(quan)不完善

目前我國火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)各行(xing)其是，對于(yu)(yu)鍋爐(lu)(lu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)問(wen)題不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)高度(du)重(zhong)視;尤(you)其是對于(yu)(yu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)目標(biao)放置(zhi)一旁，一心抓在生產(chan)效率以(yi)(yi)及經濟效益方面(mian)(mian)，導致火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)經濟化(hua)運行(xing)以(yi)(yi)及節(jie)(jie)能(neng)化(hua)管理沒有落實(shi)基礎(chu)。另一方面(mian)(mian)，有關(guan)部門對于(yu)(yu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)監管不(bu)(bu)到位，導致火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)污(wu)染排(pai)放沒有及時控制(zhi)，長期處于(yu)(yu)監管不(bu)(bu)力(li)狀態，火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)工作工作體系(xi)存在嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)漏洞，火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)沒有自身獨立的企業(ye)文(wen)化(hua)以(yi)(yi)及行(xing)業(ye)規范。由于(yu)(yu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)機制(zhi)體系(xi)的不(bu)(bu)健全，嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響到火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)目標(biao)的實(shi)現，且導致火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)廠(chang)鍋爐(lu)(lu)能(neng)源損耗(hao)進一步加(jia)劇，污(wu)染處理難度(du)加(jia)大。