導語(yu)：如(ru)何才能寫好一(yi)篇水(shui)利工程監理(li)，這就需要(yao)搜集整(zheng)理(li)更多的(de)資(zi)料和文獻，歡迎閱讀由公務(wu)員之家整(zheng)理(li)的(de)十(shi)篇范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

關鍵詞:水利工程監理;現狀;措施

Abstract: Water conservancy project supervision is the supervision system of construction projects in the construction of water conservancy project, which to a certain extent, to speed up the progress of construction, ensure project quality, save investment cost provides favorable conditions. This paper combine with personal experience and theoretical knowledge, through the analysis of current situation and problems of the characteristics, construction supervision for water conservancy project, summarizes the supervision work of hydraulic engineering experience to promote the operation of water conservancy, scientific supervision specification.

Key words: water conservancy project supervision; current situation; measures

中圖分類號(hao)： TV文獻標識碼：A文章(zhang)編碼：

我國(guo)對工程(cheng)實施(shi)監(jian)理開始于19世紀80年(nian)代，發展到目前監(jian)理制度已(yi)經(jing)逐步走向(xiang)成熟，特別是對水利工程(cheng)實施(shi)監(jian)理已(yi)經(jing)成為水利工程(cheng)建設中的重要舉(ju)措。

1、水(shui)利工(gong)程監理(li)的基本定義及內容(rong)

水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監理(li)就是(shi)(shi)指項目法(fa)人依法(fa)委托監理(li)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)組織，按照國家相關建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的法(fa)律法(fa)規與(yu)相關項目建設(she)文件、合(he)同(tong)(tong)，及水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監理(li)合(he)同(tong)(tong)等具有(you)法(fa)律效力的文件，對水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)實施的科(ke)學管理(li)。水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監理(li)的主要(yao)內(nei)容可以概括為“三個控制(zhi)、兩個管理(li)、一個協調”，也就是(shi)(shi)對水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監理(li)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的管理(li)，按照監理(li)合(he)同(tong)(tong)對水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實施的投資(zi)、建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)及建設(she)質量進行控制(zhi)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)對各方面的關系(xi)進行有(you)效協調。

2、水利工程(cheng)監理的現狀

隨(sui)著(zhu)我國水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建設監理的快速發展，水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)領域實施(shi)監理已成為(wei)當今工(gong)程(cheng)建設中的重要(yao)方式，并(bing)發揮著(zhu)積極的作用。然(ran)而，我國水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)監理仍(reng)然(ran)存(cun)在著(zhu)一定的局限性。主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)現在以下方面：

2.1 準(zhun)備工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)規(gui)范。隨著國民經濟(ji)的(de)快速(su)(su)前進(jin)，水利工(gong)程監(jian)理(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)速(su)(su)度飛速(su)(su)發展，然而工(gong)程監(jian)理(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)單位或者組織的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)能力(li)和(he)承接的(de)業(ye)務(wu)數量(liang)(liang)非常不(bu)(bu)協調。再加上業(ye)主報批項(xiang)目追求速(su)(su)度，把(ba)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)周期無限(xian)制的(de)擠(ji)壓，造(zao)成項(xiang)目實施(shi)(shi)前的(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)科(ke)學、不(bu)(bu)到位，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)規(gui)范，導致水利工(gong)程在(zai)建(jian)設(she)(she)過程中毫無規(gui)律地隨意(yi)變(bian)更、隨意(yi)更改(gai)，在(zai)提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)難(nan)度的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，使工(gong)期延長，最終導致工(gong)程質量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)過關，留(liu)下安全隱患(huan)。

2.2 建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)投(tou)標(biao)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)不(bu)符合標(biao)準，和建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程任務(wu)、技術相(xiang)符合的(de)水平較高(gao)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位不(bu)能夠被選(xuan)擇。即使我國現在已經實行投(tou)標(biao)找遍的(de)制度，但是(shi)違法違規亂紀現象(xiang)在整個的(de)投(tou)標(biao)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)過程中仍然(ran)十分(fen)嚴(yan)重，使招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)公開(kai)公正選(xuan)擇施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)準則沒(mei)有(you)得到實現。一方面是(shi)行政干預，領導參與(yu)(yu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)現象(xiang)屢(lv)見不(bu)鮮(xian)，雖然(ran)名義上(shang)是(shi)空開(kai)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)，實際早已指定了承包人(ren)；另一方面，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設(she)單(dan)(dan)位之(zhi)間的(de)圍標(biao)串標(biao)等現象(xiang)屢(lv)禁不(bu)止；第三(san)方面是(shi)監察力度不(bu)夠，有(you)的(de)甚至與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位沆(hang)瀣一氣，導致那些實力強。管理力度大，建設(she)經驗(yan)豐(feng)富和信用度高(gao)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位得不(bu)到使用，嚴(yan)重影響到工(gong)(gong)程的(de)質量。

2.3建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業資質掛靠、非(fei)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行轉(zhuan)包(bao)(bao)和分(fen)包(bao)(bao)現(xian)象十分(fen)嚴重。我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合國力(li)在(zai)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)增強，在(zai)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)也是(shi)年年的(de)(de)(de)(de)增長，在(zai)加上市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊力(li)加大(da)，建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)方面(mian)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)潤讓所有(you)人(ren)(ren)都極為(wei)眼紅，導致社會上包(bao)(bao)括農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多沒有(you)文化素養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)技術人(ren)(ren)員都去包(bao)(bao)攬建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，他(ta)們自稱為(wei)大(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)公司，承包(bao)(bao)到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)在(zai)進(jin)行轉(zhuan)包(bao)(bao)和分(fen)包(bao)(bao)，從中抽取利(li)(li)潤，從而使(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊幾乎沒有(you)利(li)(li)益(yi)，所以他(ta)們只能(neng)通過減(jian)低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)減(jian)料來得到利(li)(li)潤。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場監察的(de)(de)(de)(de)負責人(ren)(ren)也是(shi)名存實亡，在(zai)管理方面(mian)落實不(bu)了是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)受到嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。

2.4施(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要目的(de)(de)(de)是使自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)利益得到(dao)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)提高。現(xian)在有許多的(de)(de)(de)正規施(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)由于在內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)管理方面出(chu)現(xian)問題，利益最(zui)大化也(ye)成為(wei)了他們唯一(yi)追(zhui)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，導(dao)致在建設(she)工(gong)程上投入的(de)(de)(de)人員設(she)備十(shi)分的(de)(de)(de)缺少，原材料(liao)和其他配件也(ye)是不符(fu)合設(she)計和合同標準，在質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)管理方面和工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)方面都降低(di)。

2.5施工單(dan)位沒有健全的質量保(bao)證體(ti)系，施工方案和實(shi)行標準都存在不標準。施工單(dan)位沒有健全的質量保(bao)證體(ti)系，內部職責模糊不清，三檢制度得不到落實(shi)，設(she)計方案不合理，致(zhi)使施工過程(cheng)中(zhong)出現意外缺(que)陷(xian)，甚至導致(zhi)工程(cheng)事故。

2.6監理(li)(li)落實(shi)不(bu)到位(wei)。目前在我國(guo)只有(you)少許的(de)(de)具有(you)大規模的(de)(de)監理(li)(li)咨詢公司較(jiao)為規范(fan)，其(qi)他(ta)大部(bu)(bu)分小規模資質較(jiao)低的(de)(de)私有(you)監理(li)(li)機構不(bu)符(fu)合規范(fan)。一方面(mian)是(shi)建設監理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)專業(ye)的(de)(de)配置(zhi)無(wu)法滿足監理(li)(li)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)；另(ling)一方面(mian)，建設工(gong)地的(de)(de)現場(chang)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)能夠公平公正(zheng)的(de)(de)履行自己的(de)(de)職(zhi)責，他(ta)們(men)有(you)的(de)(de)與業(ye)主聯合起來對(dui)施工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)施加壓力，有(you)的(de)(de)則(ze)被施工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)聯合起來，故弄玄(xuan)虛減(jian)低建設標(biao)準(zhun)使業(ye)主的(de)(de)利(li)益得到損害，有(you)的(de)(de)監察(cha)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，只有(you)在業(ye)主或相關的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)門有(you)檢查是(shi)才在場(chang)，他(ta)們(men)通常(chang)是(shi)吧空白的(de)(de)現場(chang)簽(qian)證交給施工(gong)隊，施工(gong)隊可以任意填寫。

2.7改(gai)善政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)察體系。在(zai)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督(du)方(fang)(fang)面我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)水利工程建設(she)還存在(zai)著許(xu)(xu)多的(de)(de)(de)問題。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)法人(ren)(ren)是由質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督(du)機構的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)來擔任(ren)，這樣就形成(cheng)了下級(ji)監(jian)督(du)上(shang)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)怪(guai)圈(quan)，是許(xu)(xu)多的(de)(de)(de)整改(gai)方(fang)(fang)面得不(bu)到切實的(de)(de)(de)落實；另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)，水利工程方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督(du)發展較為緩慢(man)，許(xu)(xu)多監(jian)督(du)人(ren)(ren)員在(zai)監(jian)督(du)的(de)(de)(de)觀念和(he)方(fang)(fang)法方(fang)(fang)面沒(mei)有(you)體現出監(jian)督(du)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)；第三方(fang)(fang)面，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督(du)機構由于缺乏有(you)力度的(de)(de)(de)處罰條例(li)(li)而使得許(xu)(xu)多條例(li)(li)不(bu)能(neng)夠有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)落實，是政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)力度降低。

2.8缺(que)乏安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)證。在我國(guo)，有(you)一部分(fen)的(de)(de)水利建(jian)設項(xiang)目的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)體系不十分(fen)健全(quan)(quan)，施(shi)工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)得(de)不到(dao)(dao)保(bao)障；在缺(que)乏安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)經費的(de)(de)投(tou)入，許(xu)多安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)配制品(pin)沒有(you)分(fen)發到(dao)(dao)位；建(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)措施(shi)不到(dao)(dao)位從(cong)引發安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事故，這也使工(gong)程的(de)(de)質量受到(dao)(dao)影響。

篇2

關(guan)鍵詞水利工程;監理;旁站

中圖分(fen)類(lei)號(hao)TV51 文獻標識(shi)碼A文章(zhang)編號(hao)1673-9671-(2010)042-0094-01

1水利工程監理的工作(zuo)程序

水利工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)監(jian)理機構必須按照國家(jia)相關法律法規(gui)和《監(jian)理規(gui)范(fan)》的(de)要(yao)求,編制符合本工(gong)程(cheng)特點的(de)監(jian)理規(gui)劃大綱和具體的(de)監(jian)理實(shi)施細(xi)則。

在水利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備時期,監(jian)理(li)機構必須認真審(shen)核(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)提交的(de)(de)單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)和相關的(de)(de)資料,審(shen)核(he)通過以后,要由項目總(zong)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)在單位(wei)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)審(shen)批(pi)表上簽署同意(yi);如果認為(wei)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)內容(rong)不合格,則要簽署修改意(yi)見,發回施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)重新編(bian)寫,不合格的(de)(de)方案不允許執(zhi)行。

在(zai)(zai)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)期(qi),監(jian)(jian)理(li)機構(gou)應(ying)按時(shi)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)進行(xing)(xing)巡查(cha)(cha)(cha),具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間可以(yi)是定(ding)時(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)或者不定(ding)時(shi)抽查(cha)(cha)(cha),在(zai)(zai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)中發現(xian)(xian)存(cun)著(zhu)有安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隱患(huan)(huan),必(bi)須立即以(yi)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式通(tong)知施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位,并要(yao)求其限期(qi)整(zheng)改(gai);如果發現(xian)(xian)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題特別嚴(yan)重(zhong),監(jian)(jian)理(li)機構(gou)可以(yi)下達工(gong)(gong)(gong)程停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)令,要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位立即停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong),限期(qi)整(zheng)改(gai),同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)向(xiang)建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位進行(xing)(xing)報(bao)告。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位整(zheng)改(gai)完成后(hou),監(jian)(jian)理(li)機構(gou)收到書(shu)面(mian)(mian)通(tong)知,可同(tong)建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位一起(qi)進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha),整(zheng)改(gai)通(tong)過(guo)后(hou),及(ji)時(shi)通(tong)知施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位復(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。如果停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)令下達以(yi)后(hou),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位置若罔聞,拒不停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong),監(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)位有權向(xiang)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)主管部(bu)門(men)進行(xing)(xing)匯報(bao),把存(cun)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)(huan)以(yi)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式上報(bao)。整(zheng)個的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)過(guo)程等情況應(ying)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄在(zai)(zai)每天的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)文件中。監(jian)(jian)理(li)機構(gou)要(yao)著(zhu)重(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)容易出現(xian)(xian)重(zhong)大安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang),比如大型的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械,如塔吊,滑(hua)升(sheng)模板等,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi),如腳(jiao)手架,供電設(she)備(bei),電器設(she)備(bei)等,這(zhe)些都是容易出現(xian)(xian)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節(jie),必(bi)須認真(zhen)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha),并要(yao)由專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術人(ren)員進行(xing)(xing)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)備(bei)案,以(yi)便日(ri)后(hou)復(fu)(fu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)。

工程完工后,監理(li)單位應將所有的(de)安全方面的(de)文(wen)件,如監理(li)日志,監理(li)月報(bao),分部分項過程驗收記(ji)錄(lu)(lu),圖紙(zhi)變更記(ji)錄(lu)(lu),材料檢驗報(bao)告等相(xiang)關文(wen)件按(an)照文(wen)件歸檔(dang)規范進(jin)行立卷歸檔(dang)。

2水利(li)工程安(an)全生(sheng)產的(de)監(jian)理責任(ren)

如果水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)有違(wei)反(fan)《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》當(dang)中關于安全(quan)(quan)生產監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)條(tiao)(tiao)款的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為,必(bi)須(xu)承擔相應的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)。1)按(an)照規(gui)范要(yao)(yao)求,監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)對單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計中的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)保證(zheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)方(fang)案未進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴格審查(cha);單位(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計中的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)保證(zheng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)方(fang)案如果沒(mei)有通(tong)過監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)總監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師的(de)(de)(de)審查(cha),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)偷(tou)(tou)偷(tou)(tou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)后(hou),必(bi)須(xu)立即(ji)以(yi)(yi)書面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式通(tong)知施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei),并要(yao)(yao)求其限期整(zheng)改;同時要(yao)(yao)向(xiang)建(jian)設單位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)報告。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)沒(mei)有按(an)時下(xia)(xia)達(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)令(ling),或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)沒(mei)有按(an)時報告。2)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)在例(li)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)當(dang)中,如果發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有安全(quan)(quan)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,應按(an)照有關規(gui)定及時下(xia)(xia)達(da)書面(mian)(mian)指令(ling)要(yao)(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)改或(huo)(huo)停(ting)止施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位(wei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)安全(quan)(quan)事故隱患(huan)沒(mei)有及時下(xia)(xia)達(da)書面(mian)(mian)指令(ling)要(yao)(yao)求施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)改或(huo)(huo)停(ting)止施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。3)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)不(bu)能按(an)照國家規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)和地方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),必(bi)須(xu)承擔《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》應付的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)。如果監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)按(an)照《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》當(dang)中關于水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程安全(quan)(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)付的(de)(de)(de)職責,而(er)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)卻不(bu)執行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)告,導(dao)致安全(quan)(quan)事故的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)(de),那監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)就可以(yi)(yi)免除法(fa)律責任(ren)。

3水利工(gong)程施工(gong)旁(pang)站監理管(guan)理辦法

為了提高水利工程質量,要求在工程施工階段的監(jian)理(li)工作中實(shi)行(xing)旁站監(jian)理(li),并明(ming)確了旁站監(jian)理(li)的工作程序、內容及旁站監(jian)理(li)人員的職責。

3.1水利工(gong)程旁站監理的概(gai)念

旁站監(jian)(jian)理(li)是指監(jian)(jian)理(li)人員在工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)階段監(jian)(jian)理(li)中,對關鍵部位、關鍵工(gong)序的(de)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)實施全(quan)過程(cheng)現(xian)場跟班(ban)的(de)監(jian)(jian)督活動。旁站監(jian)(jian)理(li)是控制工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)重(zhong)要手段之一,也是確認工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)重(zhong)要依據。

在實施旁站監理工作中,如何確(que)定(ding)工程的關(guan)(guan)鍵部位、關(guan)(guan)鍵工序,必須結合具(ju)體的專業工程而定(ding)。

就水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而言,按目(mu)的(de)(de)或(huo)服務(wu)(wu)對象可(ke)分為(wei):防(fang)止(zhi)洪水(shui)(shui)災(zai)害(hai)的(de)(de)防(fang)洪工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);防(fang)止(zhi)旱、澇、漬(zi)災(zai)為(wei)農業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)農田水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),或(huo)稱(cheng)灌溉和(he)(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)能轉化為(wei)電(dian)能的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)力發電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);改善和(he)(he)創建航運條(tiao)件的(de)(de)航道和(he)(he)港口工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)生活用水(shui)(shui)服務(wu)(wu),并處理和(he)(he)排(pai)除污水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)雨水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)城鎮供水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);防(fang)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)土流失和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)污染,維護(hu)生態平衡(heng)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)土保(bao)持(chi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)環境水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)增進漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);圍海(hai)(hai)造田,滿足工(gong)(gong)(gong)農業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)或(huo)交通(tong)運輸需要的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)涂圍墾(ken)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等。一項水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同時為(wei)防(fang)洪、灌溉、發電(dian)、航運等多種目(mu)標服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de),稱(cheng)為(wei)綜合利用水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

其(qi)關(guan)鍵部(bu)位是各種水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu),包(bao)括(kuo)擋水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)、泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)、進水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)和輸水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)等建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)是防水(shui)(shui)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)澆筑(zhu)。至于其(qi)他部(bu)位或工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)是否需要旁站監理,可由建(jian)設單位與監理企(qi)業根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程具體情(qing)況(kuang)協商確(que)定。

3.2水利工程旁站監(jian)理(li)程序

旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)一般按下(xia)列程(cheng)(cheng)序實施(shi):1)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)制定旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)方案(an),明確(que)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)、內容、程(cheng)(cheng)序和(he)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)職(zhi)責,并編入監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)規劃(hua)中。旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)方案(an)同時(shi)送建設單(dan)位、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)和(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所在(zai)地的(de)(de)建設行(xing)政主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)或其委(wei)托的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)各1份。2)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)根據監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)制定的(de)(de)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)方案(an),在(zai)需要(yao)實施(shi)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵部(bu)(bu)位、關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)序進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)24小時(shi),書面通(tong)知(zhi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)派駐(zhu)工(gong)(gong)地的(de)(de)項(xiang)目監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)。3)項(xiang)目監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)安排旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)按照(zhao)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)方案(an)實施(shi)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)。

3.3水利工程旁站(zhan)監理人員的工作內(nei)容和職責

1)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)現場(chang)(chang)質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)人(ren)員到崗(gang)、特殊工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)人(ren)員持(chi)證(zheng)上崗(gang)以(yi)及(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機械、建筑(zhu)材料(liao)準備情況。2)在(zai)現場(chang)(chang)跟班監督關鍵部位、關鍵工(gong)(gong)序的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)執行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)以(yi)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)(she)強制性標準情況。3)核查進場(chang)(chang)建筑(zhu)材料(liao)、建筑(zhu)構配件、設(she)(she)備和商品混凝土的質量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗報告等,并(bing)可在(zai)現場(chang)(chang)監督施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)進行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗或(huo)者(zhe)委托具(ju)有資格(ge)的第三(san)方(fang)進行復驗。4)做好旁(pang)站監理記錄和監理日(ri)記,保存旁(pang)站監理原始(shi)資料(liao)。

如(ru)果旁(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員或(huo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業現(xian)場(chang)質(zhi)檢人員未(wei)在(zai)旁(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)記錄上簽字(zi),則施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業不能進(jin)行下一道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)或(huo)者總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)也不得在(zai)相應文件上簽字(zi)。旁(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員在(zai)旁(pang)站(zhan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)時(shi),如(ru)果發(fa)現(xian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業有違反工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設強制(zhi)性標準行為(wei)的,有權制(zhi)止并責令(ling)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業立(li)即整(zheng)改;如(ru)果發(fa)現(xian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動已(yi)經或(huo)者可能危及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量的,應當及時(shi)向監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)或(huo)者總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)報告,由總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)下達局部暫停施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)指令(ling)或(huo)者采取其他(ta)應急措施(shi),制(zhi)止危害(hai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量的行為(wei)。

4結束語

水(shui)利工(gong)程由于其特殊性(xing),施工(gong)的(de)質量直接關系到國計民(min)生。水(shui)利工(gong)程監理,在國際上具有悠久的(de)歷史。西方發(fa)達國家,無論(lun)在組織機(ji)構(gou)和方法(fa)、手段方面(mian),還是在法(fa)規制度方面(mian),都已經(jing)形成了一個較為完善的(de)體系和運行機(ji)制。

我國借(jie)鑒國外(wai)的監理的先進經驗,開始(shi)在水利工(gong)程項目中實施(shi)工(gong)程監理,雖(sui)然時間不長,但是(shi)已(yi)經卓見成效,得到了(le)國家和社會(hui)的承認。

而在水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),旁(pang)站(zhan)是最(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)一項,它直(zhi)接(jie)關(guan)系到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)具體質量,必(bi)須(xu)加以(yi)重(zhong)視,在水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)必(bi)須(xu)嚴(yan)格實施監理(li)旁(pang)站(zhan)制度,本文(wen)闡述了水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)旁(pang)站(zhan)的(de)基本概(gai)念(nian)和(he)特點,并提(ti)出了水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)旁(pang)站(zhan)的(de)具體要求(qiu)。

參考文獻

[1]中國建設監(jian)理協會(hui).建設工程監(jian)理概論[M].知識產權出版社,2007.

篇3

關 鍵 詞：中小型水利工程；監理；現狀；分析(xi)

Abstract: Water conservancy project according to the service objects into flood control engineering, irrigation and water conservancy project, hydraulic power engineering, waterway and port engineering, etc, with the city modernization speed up the pace of, do well the small and medium-sized water conservancy project management has become a indispensable work. Supervision unit as a whole is the main mechanism of water conservancy project management, the supervision has many obvious during shortages. In this paper, the supervision are analyzed, and the hope to improve some related work.

Key words: Small and medium-sized water conservancy projects; Supervision; Present situation; Analysis

中圖分類號(hao)：TV 文獻標識(shi)碼：A 文章編(bian)號(hao)：

中(zhong)小水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)早期(qi)(qi)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)促進(jin)了我國水(shui)(shui)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)調度(du)利(li)(li)(li)用，滿足了城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)及農村區域正(zheng)常用水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。隨著城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)現代化建(jian)設(she)步伐的(de)(de)(de)(de)加快，搞(gao)好中(zhong)小水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管(guan)理(li)(li)已(yi)成(cheng)為不可缺少的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位是(shi)統籌管(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要機構，其(qi)在(zai)(zai)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)期(qi)(qi)間還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)諸(zhu)多明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不足，深入分析(xi)當前水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)且(qie)制定針對(dui)性策略是(shi)極為關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

一(yi)、新時(shi)期水利工程的特點(dian)

水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)按其服務(wu)對象分為防(fang)洪工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、農田水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)力發電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、航道(dao)和港口(kou)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等，其主要(yao)功能(neng)集中(zhong)于防(fang)洪、供水(shui)(shui)、灌溉、發電等。水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)需要(yao)修建(jian)壩、堤、溢洪道(dao)、水(shui)(shui)閘、進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)、渠道(dao)、渡(du)漕(cao)、筏(fa)道(dao)、魚道(dao)等不同(tong)類型的水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物，如(ru)圖1。水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)與其他工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)相比，具(ju)有(you)如(ru)下特點：

1、影響廣。水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)規劃(hua)是流(liu)域(yu)規劃(hua)或地區水(shui)(shui)利規劃(hua)的(de)組(zu)成部分(fen)，而一項水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)興建(jian)，對其周圍地區的(de)環境將產生很大(da)的(de)影響，既有興利除害有利的(de)一面(mian)，又有淹沒(mei)、浸沒(mei)、移(yi)民、遷建(jian)等不利的(de)一面(mian)。

圖1水利工程的(de)建筑結構

2、規(gui)模(mo)大。從社(she)會主義現代化發(fa)展趨勢(shi)看，水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)體(ti)現出(chu)來(lai)的(de)作用更加顯著。水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)一般規(gui)模(mo)大、投資多、技術(shu)復(fu)雜、工(gong)(gong)(gong)期較長，這些都(dou)給工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)單位的(de)管理帶來(lai)了較大的(de)難度(du)。因而，制定水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)劃必須從流(liu)域或地區的(de)全局出(chu)發(fa)，堅持統籌兼顧，以(yi)期減免不(bu)利影響(xiang)，收到經(jing)濟、社(she)會和環境的(de)最佳效果。

二、工程監(jian)理(li)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題

盡管目前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)開始投資(zi)建設大型(xing)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)，但中小型(xing)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)依舊普遍存在，且(qie)對水(shui)利資(zi)源的(de)調度及(ji)應用發(fa)揮了重要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用。監(jian)理(li)單(dan)位(wei)是受建設單(dan)位(wei)委托對施工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)作(zuo)業質(zhi)量(liang)進行(xing)綜合的(de)監(jian)督及(ji)管理(li)，確(que)保工(gong)程(cheng)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)圖(tu)紙的(de)要(yao)求保質(zhi)保量(liang)地完成(cheng)。就(jiu)中小型(xing)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)而言，監(jian)理(li)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)監(jian)管還存在許多(duo)問題。具體表現如圖(tu)2。

圖2水利工(gong)程監理的(de)不足

1、制(zhi)(zhi)度問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。制(zhi)(zhi)度是約(yue)束監(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)根本(ben)，監(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位對中小型水利工(gong)(gong)程缺乏(fa)先進的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，多數照搬早期積累的(de)(de)經(jing)驗參與工(gong)(gong)程管理(li)(li)。部分水利工(gong)(gong)程問(wen)(wen)題(ti)無法徹底解決，限制(zhi)(zhi)了工(gong)(gong)程經(jing)濟效益的(de)(de)增收，給投資方(fang)造成較大的(de)(de)損失。

2、執(zhi)(zhi)行問題(ti)。執(zhi)(zhi)行上(shang)級部(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定的(de)(de)策略是(shi)實現工程(cheng)監(jian)理成效(xiao)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)，監(jian)理機構(gou)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關人員在執(zhi)(zhi)行監(jian)理策略時未能(neng)(neng)嚴格按照規范辦事，尤其是(shi)在水利工程(cheng)質(zhi)量標準方面(mian)把握不當。質(zhi)量達不到標準要求，影響了后期水利設施功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)發揮。

3、技(ji)術(shu)問題。工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理需借助先進(jin)的(de)科學技(ji)術(shu)才(cai)能獲得準(zhun)確(que)的(de)結(jie)果，中小型(xing)水利工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中技(ji)術(shu)含量偏低，降低了后期數據統計(ji)的(de)準(zhun)確(que)性。如：工程(cheng)(cheng)勘測(ce)技(ji)術(shu)落后，所用的(de)儀器(qi)設備達不到(dao)要(yao)求(qiu)，使得勘測(ce)所得數據的(de)精(jing)度無(wu)保障。

三、完(wan)善工(gong)程監(jian)理的有(you)效措施

考慮到監理(li)機構對中(zhong)小型水(shui)利工程建(jian)設的(de)(de)重要(yao)性，監理(li)單位(wei)管理(li)者應(ying)嚴(yan)格按(an)照建(jian)設單位(wei)的(de)(de)要(yao)求制定管理(li)流程，如圖3。對水(shui)利項目采(cai)取綜合性的(de)(de)監理(li)措施，徹底(di)解決目前監督管理(li)工作存在(zai)的(de)(de)問題(ti)。

1、前期準備。監理(li)單位(wei)(wei)拿到建設單位(wei)(wei)的委托書之后(hou)，應對中小型水(shui)利工程進(jin)行詳細地了(le)解(jie)，收集多(duo)方面的資(zi)料為后(hou)期工程提(ti)供參考。如：水(shui)利工程圖(tu)紙、質量(liang)考核(he)規范(fan)書等(deng)，這些(xie)都(dou)是監理(li)單位(wei)(wei)執行策略時需要考慮的問題。

圖3水(shui)利監(jian)理的流程

2、規劃流程。對(dui)于項目建(jian)設期(qi)間的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理工作，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理人員(yuan)需制(zhi)定嚴謹的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理流程，從各個環節(jie)(jie)控制(zhi)好水(shui)利工程的(de)(de)質量。如：監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理前期(qi)應添加勘測(ce)流程，對(dui)水(shui)利施工現場全面檢(jian)測(ce)以(yi)收(shou)集重點(dian)參數，為質量監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理環節(jie)(jie)提供(gong)參考依(yi)據。

3、調(diao)(diao)配人(ren)(ren)員。中小型水利工程監(jian)理(li)(li)是一項系統性工作，監(jian)理(li)(li)單位(wei)必須(xu)對機構人(ren)(ren)員協調(diao)(diao)控制，確保監(jian)理(li)(li)流程的(de)(de)順利實(shi)施。如：把水利監(jian)理(li)(li)分為勘測、檢查(cha)、驗(yan)收等不同(tong)的(de)(de)環節，合理(li)(li)安排(pai)專業人(ren)(ren)員完(wan)成各(ge)項任務。

4、匯報總結。完(wan)成監(jian)理(li)(li)方(fang)案后需(xu)及(ji)時(shi)編寫(xie)總結報告，反映出(chu)水利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)中發(fa)現的問(wen)(wen)題，提醒工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)單(dan)位及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)取措(cuo)施(shi)處理(li)(li)問(wen)(wen)題。如(ru)：一般情況下會發(fa)現工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)存在的裂縫(feng)、沉降等病害，應立刻(ke)匯報上級部門采(cai)取措(cuo)施(shi)處理(li)(li)。

結論

總(zong)之，中小型水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程有助于實現水(shui)資源的(de)綜合調(diao)配，滿足了城市及農村(cun)地(di)區用水(shui)的(de)需要。監(jian)理(li)單位應制定有效的(de)策略開展工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作，保證項目施工(gong)(gong)的(de)質量符合標準(zhun)要求。

參考文(wen)獻：[1] 李利(li),翟偉奇. 淺談(tan)水利(li)工程(cheng)建設現代化(hua)管理(li)模式[J]. 黑龍江科技(ji)信(xin)息. 2010(31) ；

[2] 張鐵橋(qiao). 水利工(gong)程建設監理在基(ji)層(ceng)的推廣(guang)應用[J]. 大(da)慶社會科(ke)學. 2006(04) ；

[3] 李(li)麗(li),王松. 關于水利(li)工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)現代化管理問(wen)題的(de)探索[J]. 民營科技. 2011(07) ；

[4] 孫志紅,馬美蘭. 關于水利工程建設現代化管理問(wen)題(ti)的探(tan)索[J]. 中小企業(ye)管理與科(ke)技(上(shang)旬(xun)刊(kan)). 2009(08)；

[5] 張犟(jiang). 水利工程建設監(jian)理存在的問題[J]. 中國水運(下半月(yue)). 2009(10) ；

篇4

水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工程監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)過近(jin)三(san)十年的(de)建設和發展(zhan)(zhan)，已成(cheng)為水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)建設事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中不可(ke)缺少(shao)的(de)力量。在發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工程監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)面臨眾(zhong)多困(kun)難(nan)(nan)(nan)和問題(ti)。一是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)涉及(ji)的(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廣，專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)多，在技術質量管理(li)(li)(li)(li)和專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)配(pei)套上難(nan)(nan)(nan)度很大。二(er)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)項(xiang)目收費(fei)低(di)，工期受氣(qi)候(hou)、征地移民(min)政(zheng)策處理(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)影響大，不確定(ding)因素多，造成(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成(cheng)本高，管理(li)(li)(li)(li)難(nan)(nan)(nan)度大，人(ren)員(yuan)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)調配(pei)矛(mao)盾非常突出。三(san)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)項(xiang)目地域一般(ban)比較偏遠，條件艱苦(ku)，從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)流動(dong)性大，且(qie)長期背井離鄉，收入不高，從而(er)影響人(ren)員(yuan)穩(wen)定(ding)；從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)結構、層次(ci)多樣，考核管理(li)(li)(li)(li)難(nan)(nan)(nan)度很大。針(zhen)對(dui)上述主(zhu)要困(kun)難(nan)(nan)(nan)和問題(ti)，監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)如何應對(dui)和突破，是(shi)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)關(guan)鍵。近(jin)年來，我們在發展(zhan)(zhan)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，著重(zhong)深化監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內部管理(li)(li)(li)(li)，從提高監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)自身工作(zuo)質量入手，努力規范監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為，在以下(xia)幾個(ge)方面進行(xing)了有效(xiao)的(de)建設和探(tan)索。

2加強監理基礎工作管理

加(jia)強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)管(guan)理(li)(li)，規范(fan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，是建設好(hao)(hao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)企業(ye)和(he)隊伍(wu)的基(ji)礎。監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)提(ti)供的是技(ji)術服務(wu)(wu)，而不是一種單純的產品，缺少一種客觀的評價標準和(he)體系。如何擺脫(tuo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的“施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位干的好(hao)(hao)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)沾光，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位干的差，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)遭(zao)殃”窘境，讓監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)企業(ye)獨(du)(du)立(li)發揮應有的作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，關鍵要加(jia)強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)自(zi)身工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)，提(ti)高(gao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)水平，規范(fan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)，做(zuo)到(dao)獨(du)(du)立(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)使監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)權力。為(wei)此我們著重開(kai)展并做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)三(san)方面基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

2.1監理日記

監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)日(ri)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員每(mei)(mei)天工(gong)(gong)(gong)作情況和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作質量最直接的(de)(de)(de)反映。要(yao)求每(mei)(mei)一位監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員將(jiang)自己(ji)一天的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作內(nei)(nei)(nei)容和(he)情況完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)在個人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)日(ri)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)日(ri)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容進行(xing)了擴充，將(jiang)《水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)規(gui)范(fan)》中規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)主要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方法巡視檢(jian)(jian)查、跟蹤檢(jian)(jian)測、平行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)測、旁站監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)、協調處理(li)(li)、驗(yan)收(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)等規(gui)定為監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)日(ri)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)日(ri)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求也直接印(yin)刷(shua)在每(mei)(mei)本監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)日(ri)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)扉頁上，對每(mei)(mei)個欄目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)作了較為詳盡的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，以促(cu)使監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員行(xing)為和(he)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)統一。

2.2質量成(cheng)果統計表

4試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測和(he)驗(yan)(yan)收評定是監理(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制中(zhong)重要(yao)的手段和(he)內(nei)容。為了(le)規范(fan)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測和(he)驗(yan)(yan)收評定等質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制行(xing)為，做到資(zi)料和(he)成果(guo)的同步(bu)性和(he)及時性，要(yao)求按(an)項目(mu)現場(chang)(chang)監理(li)機(ji)構按(an)月報送月度質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)成果(guo)統(tong)計表(biao)到公司審(shen)核審(shen)閱，統(tong)計表(biao)中(zhong)包括當月進場(chang)(chang)原(yuan)材料和(he)中(zhong)間產品(pin)的品(pin)名(ming)、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測數量(liang)(liang)(liang)、結(jie)果(guo)、平行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測的數量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)結(jie)果(guo)、施(shi)工單位自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)監理(li)驗(yan)(yan)收的工序(xu)、單元的數量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)結(jie)果(guo)。根據成果(guo)表(biao)逐項與監理(li)日記相(xiang)關內(nei)容記錄對照檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查，作為監理(li)工作質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)考核的另一個(ge)依(yi)據。

2.3工序(xu)質量驗收記錄表

工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)基礎，工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)好壞直接關系工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)優劣，工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收(shou)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制中最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)環節(jie)。而(er)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中經(jing)常發現(xian)監理(li)人員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)驗(yan)收(shou)和(he)有的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)方法不(bu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范，有的(de)不(bu)獨立(li)進行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)特征數(shu)值的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)，有的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)未認真記(ji)錄(lu)。因此我們將(jiang)常見的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)驗(yan)收(shou)編制成監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)驗(yan)收(shou)記(ji)錄(lu)表(biao)，規(gui)(gui)(gui)定檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)記(ji)錄(lu)內容、評定標準和(he)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)手段、方法。按(an)月歸總上報公(gong)司審核，進一步規(gui)(gui)(gui)范了監理(li)人員(yuan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制行為。

2.4現場監理人員、機(ji)構的定期(qi)考核(he)和(he)獎懲

設(she)立監(jian)理工作(zuo)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)考核(he)獎，將個人(ren)監(jian)理日(ri)記、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)成(cheng)果統計表、工序質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)收(shou)記錄表等(deng)(deng)內容(rong)作(zuo)為評價監(jian)理人(ren)員(yuan)工作(zuo)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、項目監(jian)理質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)主要(yao)考核(he)標(biao)準，考核(he)結果分為5個等(deng)(deng)級(ji)，每月(yue)以項目現場監(jian)理機構(gou)為單位對監(jian)理日(ri)記審(shen)核(he)審(shen)閱，根據考核(he)結果從優到(dao)差(cha)各按20%比例對應到(dao)5個等(deng)(deng)級(ji)，與當月(yue)監(jian)理工作(zuo)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)獎勵掛鉤。

3深(shen)化項目管理(li)改革

深化總監(jian)理工程師負責(ze)制為核心的項(xiang)目管理改(gai)革，建立激勵和(he)(he)約束(shu)機制，是建設好監(jian)理企(qi)業和(he)(he)隊伍的保證。

3.1積極探索以總監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程師負責制(zhi)為核(he)心的項目(mu)管理(li)機制(zhi)

針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)業務涉及行業廣、專(zhuan)業多、地域分(fen)散等特點(dian)，近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)我們(men)深化企業內部管理(li)(li)，積(ji)極(ji)探索以(yi)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工程(cheng)師負責制(zhi)為核(he)(he)心的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)改革，充分(fen)授權項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工程(cheng)師代(dai)表(biao)公(gong)司(si)履(lv)行項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)技(ji)術、經(jing)濟、安(an)全職責，在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的多方面進行大(da)膽(dan)探索和(he)創新，主要內容包括(kuo)：（1）用(yong)(yong)人(ren)權。總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)機(ji)構班子的人(ren)選有(you)提名權，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)未提名的人(ren)選，公(gong)司(si)一(yi)般不(bu)作(zuo)安(an)排任(ren)用(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)組閣(ge)權。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)愿意使用(yong)(yong)的人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，可退回公(gong)司(si)另行安(an)排。同(tong)時，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)也可選擇項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)本(ben)人(ren)不(bu)愿意工作(zuo)的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)合(he)作(zuo)的總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)，可向(xiang)公(gong)司(si)提出，公(gong)司(si)將(jiang)另行安(an)排調(diao)(diao)配，做到雙向(xiang)選擇；（2）考(kao)核(he)(he)權。公(gong)司(si)按(an)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)崗位指定標(biao)(biao)準月度(du)崗位薪酬，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)般項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)可根據(ju)工作(zuo)量和(he)工作(zuo)表(biao)現(xian)，有(you)權按(an)10%考(kao)核(he)(he)浮動；另外，公(gong)司(si)在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的月度(du)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)上另列支(zhi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)獎勵調(diao)(diao)節基金(jin)，由(you)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)考(kao)核(he)(he)獎勵發放(fang)；（3）費(fei)用(yong)(yong)管理(li)(li)權。公(gong)司(si)按(an)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)列支(zhi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)準費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，由(you)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)包干控(kong)制(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)，培養總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)成本(ben)管理(li)(li)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)的能力和(he)意識(shi)；（4）經(jing)營權。授予總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)定合(he)同(tong)額項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的經(jing)營權，并由(you)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)組織履(lv)行項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)營和(he)管理(li)(li)。

3.2建立企業(ye)內部(bu)激勵和(he)約束機制

現代市場(chang)是一個優勝劣汰的(de)市場(chang)，監理(li)行業(ye)也不例外。因此，發(fa)展企業(ye)，調(diao)動員(yuan)工積極性，就必(bi)須建立內部(bu)激勵和(he)約束機制(zhi)，其核心(xin)是做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)“三能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”：（1）在崗(gang)(gang)位上做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)上能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)下，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)聘(pin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低聘(pin)。根(gen)據(ju)項目(mu)決(jue)定崗(gang)(gang)位，用(yong)人(ren)上不吃大鍋飯(fan)；（2）在收入上做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低。根(gen)據(ju)崗(gang)(gang)位決(jue)定收入，基本(ben)工資按(an)崗(gang)(gang)位有(you)20%浮動，以(yi)崗(gang)(gang)定薪，年(nian)終績效(xiao)按(an)效(xiao)益、到(dao)(dao)款額(e)、技術質量、安全、文明建設進行專(zhuan)項考(kao)核發(fa)放；（3）在使(shi)用(yong)上做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)出。監理(li)公司在人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)上做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)雙向選(xuan)擇，對無項目(mu)選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)，公司按(an)待崗(gang)(gang)處理(li)，對待崗(gang)(gang)仍無項目(mu)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)，監理(li)公司按(an)退聘(pin)處理(li)。

3.3積極試(shi)行項目可控利(li)潤提獎機制

水利水電(dian)監理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)種類較多，內(nei)容千差萬別，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)小不(bu)一(yi)，肥瘦不(bu)均，在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)合(he)同管理(li)上難(nan)度很大(da)。如何發(fa)揮項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)的作(zuo)用，充分調動他們的積極(ji)性(xing)，也是企業管理(li)隊(dui)伍建設的難(nan)題和主要(yao)內(nei)容。為此(ci)近年來我們積極(ji)試行項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)可控利潤(run)提獎辦法(fa)，模(mo)擬項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)股權分配，將項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)質量(liang)、技術、安全(quan)、效益直接(jie)與項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)獎勵掛鉤，以進一(yi)步(bu)調動項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)人員的積極(ji)性(xing)，穩定骨(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)隊(dui)伍。

4以人為本(ben)(ben)，注重人員培訓(xun)教(jiao)育以人為本(ben)(ben)，注重人員培訓(xun)教(jiao)育，是建設監理企業和隊伍的(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)

4.1以人為本，加強凝(ning)聚力工程(cheng)建(jian)設

由(you)于水(shui)利水(shui)電監(jian)(jian)(jian)理項目大(da)(da)多地域偏(pian)遠，條件(jian)艱苦，從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)動(dong)性大(da)(da)，且長期背井離(li)鄉，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理收(shou)費(fei)偏(pian)低，從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)收(shou)入(ru)不(bu)高(gao)，從(cong)而影(ying)響人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)穩(wen)定。而監(jian)(jian)(jian)理行業(ye)需要(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)批思(si)想素養(yang)好，技術水(shui)平高(gao)，身體健康、熱心監(jian)(jian)(jian)理事業(ye)的(de)穩(wen)定隊(dui)伍(wu)。經過努力(li)(li)，近年來(lai)公司打(da)造了一(yi)(yi)(yi)批穩(wen)定的(de)業(ye)務骨干(gan)隊(dui)伍(wu)。公司除了加強企業(ye)內部管理，不(bu)斷提高(gao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)收(shou)入(ru)水(shui)平外，還努力(li)(li)做到：關心一(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)生活、工(gong)作，著(zhu)力(li)(li)改善條件(jian)，特別(bie)是工(gong)程一(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)吃、住(zhu)、行及辦公條件(jian)；在收(shou)入(ru)、職稱評定等政策上(shang)向(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)骨干(gan)、員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)傾斜；注重從(cong)基(ji)層中培養(yang)提拔干(gan)部；關心員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)婚戀、家庭，增強企業(ye)凝聚力(li)(li)。

4.2鼓勵(li)和強化(hua)技術(shu)業(ye)務(wu)培訓和執業(ye)資(zi)格教育

提(ti)高(gao)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務素質(zhi)是提(ti)升(sheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭力的(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展壯(zhuang)大需要大量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)盟，然而(er)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員流動性大，業(ye)(ye)(ye)務水(shui)平參(can)(can)差(cha)不(bu)齊，為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員業(ye)(ye)(ye)務水(shui)平，公司做了(le)以(yi)(yi)下幾個(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)：（1）加(jia)(jia)強公司基(ji)礎建設，近(jin)幾年陸續(xu)編(bian)制完成了(le)各專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)實施細(xi)則的(de)(de)(de)示范文本、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務手(shou)冊、各類工(gong)序質(zhi)量(liang)驗收記錄表，統一標(biao)準；（2）新進員工(gong)和(he)員工(gong)換崗(gang)進行(xing)上(shang)崗(gang)教育，明確(que)各自崗(gang)位職責；（3）項(xiang)目總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)每(mei)月(yue)組織項(xiang)目人員進行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務知識學(xue)習培(pei)訓，并(bing)將學(xue)習培(pei)訓作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)項(xiang)目考核的(de)(de)(de)指標(biao)之(zhi)一；（4）鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)并(bing)組織員工(gong)參(can)(can)加(jia)(jia)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)資格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)考試，鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)一專多能(neng)。4.3廉(lian)潔(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，樹立良好的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)形(xing)象和(he)聲譽廉(lian)潔(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，也是監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)隊伍建設的(de)(de)(de)主要內(nei)容。廉(lian)潔(jie)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)好壞，直接(jie)影響(xiang)到監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用和(he)威信(xin)。因(yin)此，我們(men)除了(le)用工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)制度來規(gui)(gui)(gui)范監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)，還頒布了(le)《監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員廉(lian)潔(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)十不(bu)準規(gui)(gui)(gui)定》，并(bing)制作(zuo)(zuo)成標(biao)準圖(tu)版在每(mei)個(ge)項(xiang)目現場機(ji)構上(shang)墻(qiang)張貼(tie)，組織員工(gong)學(xue)習領會，告誡每(mei)位員工(gong)遵守廉(lian)潔(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。另外(wai)(wai)，我們(men)還將該要求編(bian)制成廉(lian)潔(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)告知書，發送(song)每(mei)個(ge)被(bei)(bei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位，請被(bei)(bei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位現場負責人簽收蓋章(zhang)，以(yi)(yi)此告知被(bei)(bei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)單位配合做好廉(lian)潔(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，并(bing)公布了(le)投訴(su)電話。

5結語

篇5

水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一直是東北農業(ye)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)農業(ye)水(shui)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)水(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)主要專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之一，水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)技術監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，該(gai)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在講授水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)基本理(li)(li)(li)(li)論的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，還(huan)包括(kuo)水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)領域內相關(guan)法規，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)有關(guan)投資控(kong)制、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制、進度控(kong)制、合(he)(he)(he)同管理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)信(xin)息(xi)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)組織(zhi)協調等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)基本原理(li)(li)(li)(li)、方(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)手(shou)段，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)招投標與合(he)(he)(he)同管理(li)(li)(li)(li)、水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目各個階段監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)開展的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法，進一步加(jia)強了水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)與監(jian)督的(de)(de)(de)基本技能，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)素養，從而能夠運用(yong)所(suo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)知識解決(jue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際問題。農業(ye)水(shui)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)是黑龍(long)江省省級重(zhong)(zhong)點專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)，畢業(ye)生主要在中(zhong)建(jian)、中(zhong)鐵(tie)、中(zhong)水(shui)各施工(gong)(gong)(gong)公司、監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)公司，從事施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、咨(zi)詢(xun)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。因此(ci)，水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)于該(gai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生來說，是一門(men)非常重(zhong)(zhong)要核心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。通過學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生所(suo)顯出來的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)解決(jue)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)問題能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)強弱，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)直接反映該(gai)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，因此(ci)為了提(ti)(ti)高(gao)該(gai)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，我們嘗(chang)試采用(yong)多種教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)手(shou)段結合(he)(he)(he)，即是把(ba)啟發式教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與傳(chuan)統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)相結合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，最大(da)地提(ti)(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)效率。

2啟發式教學

傳統教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)采取傳統授課法(fa)，講解以(yi)教(jiao)師(shi)講授為(wei)主(zhu)，這種教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式(shi)更多地強調以(yi)教(jiao)師(shi)為(wei)中心，相對忽視了學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)主(zhu)體作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。啟發(fa)式(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)，則是(shi)(shi)(shi)把學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)中心，使學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)整(zheng)個過(guo)程中保(bao)持(chi)著主(zhu)動(dong)性，主(zhu)動(dong)地提出(chu)問題、主(zhu)動(dong)地思考問題、主(zhu)動(dong)去發(fa)現(xian)問題、主(zhu)動(dong)去探索問題。啟發(fa)式(shi)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)，對于教(jiao)師(shi)的(de)要求就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)導(dao)轉化，把知識(shi)轉化為(wei)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)具(ju)體知識(shi)，再進一步把學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)具(ju)體知識(shi)轉化為(wei)能力。“啟”是(shi)(shi)(shi)對教(jiao)師(shi)而言，“發(fa)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而論；“啟”是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)師(shi)的(de)主(zhu)導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)表現(xian)，“發(fa)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)自覺性、主(zhu)動(dong)性的(de)體現(xian)。

3如何在“水利(li)工程監(jian)理”課(ke)程中(zhong)啟發教學(xue)

3.1在課程開頭提(ti)出問題、啟(qi)發(fa)學(xue)生參與思考(kao)

“良好的(de)開端等于(yu)成(cheng)功了一半。”在(zai)課(ke)堂教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中(zhong)，課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)開頭(tou)的(de)提(ti)出(chu)問題非常重要(yao)，如(ru)(ru)何(he)吸引(yin)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)注意力，在(zai)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中(zhong)如(ru)(ru)果利用新舊知識(shi)間的(de)聯系來設計(ji)問題情境，無疑(yi)是一種有效(xiao)方法。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，講授“口(kou)頭(tou)合(he)同是否(fou)有效(xiao)”時，可在(zai)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)開始時，提(ti)出(chu)這樣(yang)的(de)問題，結(jie)合(he)工程(cheng)(cheng)實際案例(li)，如(ru)(ru)魯布(bu)革水電站引(yin)水索道(dao)工程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，我方工程(cheng)(cheng)指揮部(bu)與日本(ben)大成(cheng)公(gong)司(si)之間的(de)口(kou)頭(tou)協(xie)議(yi)是否(fou)有效(xiao)的(de)問題，啟發學(xue)生(sheng)思考，使學(xue)生(sheng)對(dui)于(yu)這樣(yang)的(de)問題記憶深刻，加強課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)效(xiao)果。

3.2課中運(yun)用生(sheng)成的問題，啟發(fa)了(le)學生(sheng)積極討論、鼓勵學生(sheng)提出不一樣的觀點

水利工程監理課(ke)(ke)程實(shi)施以(yi)來，自(zi)主思考、啟發討(tao)論成為學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)知識的(de)(de)(de)主要方式(shi)，致使(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)主體地(di)位得到了(le)落實(shi)。由于(yu)他們都有(you)各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活背景(jing)和家庭環境(jing)，并處于(yu)高校這種特定的(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)氛圍(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)著不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)思維方式(shi)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)課(ke)(ke)堂學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)持有(you)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)方法觀點。在(zai)師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交流中(zhong)(zhong)，師生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)互動、相互影響。在(zai)啟發教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，鼓勵學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)錯(cuo)、鼓勵學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)提出與他人不(bu)(bu)一樣的(de)(de)(de)觀點。布魯納說(shuo)過“學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤都是有(you)價值的(de)(de)(de)”。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)己出現的(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤，往(wang)往(wang)最貼近他們的(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)情況。

3.3課程結(jie)束時緊扣(kou)問題(ti)，啟發學生去鞏固延(yan)伸知識，認真總結(jie)

一般在課(ke)程(cheng)最后，多數教師常常用緊(jin)扣(kou)課(ke)程(cheng)開始時提(ti)出(chu)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)來啟發(fa)學生(sheng)(sheng)，對本課(ke)內容作一個簡明扼要的(de)總結。這不(bu)僅鞏固了(le)學生(sheng)(sheng)所學的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)，還收獲了(le)問(wen)題(ti)所延伸的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)。這樣(yang)既能讓學生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)思維(wei)不(bu)斷(duan)迸發(fa)出(chu)智(zhi)慧的(de)火花(hua)，又(you)可以有效地提(ti)高(gao)教學質量，培養了(le)學生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)思維(wei)能力和創新能力。

4學生啟而不發(fa)的原因與(yu)對策

4.1學生啟而(er)不發的(de)原因

（1）傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)試教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后遺癥：①傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)試教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)以(yi)得高(gao)分作為(wei)(wei)評判(pan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務就是(shi)猜題目、找捷徑，幫助(zhu)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)得高(gao)分；②至(zhi)于(yu)如何開發思路(lu)、引導想象、挖(wa)掘潛能(neng)，統統被排除在(zai)職責之外，學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好奇心、求(qiu)知欲、探索(suo)精神，由(you)公式(shi)、定(ding)義、標準(zhun)答案(an)所代替。應(ying)試教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)累(lei)計結果，往(wang)往(wang)使學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方法(fa)感(gan)到無所適(shi)從。（2）教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因：①教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)課堂(tang)(tang)行為(wei)(wei)對(dui)(dui)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引而不發負有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)，有(you)些教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)進入課堂(tang)(tang)就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)副惟我獨尊、居高(gao)臨(lin)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)子，表(biao)現出對(dui)(dui)課堂(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)(dui)權(quan)威；②不允許學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)提出異議，隨便打斷學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題致使師(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)之間保(bao)持較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)心理距離(li)，甚至(zhi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)把批評當做是(shi)課堂(tang)(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)強(qiang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要手段(duan)；③授課時表(biao)情過于(yu)嚴(yan)肅，缺乏(fa)幽默感(gan)；④對(dui)(dui)于(yu)啟發教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗不足(zu)。（3）學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因：①傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)“滿堂(tang)(tang)灌(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)模式(shi)造成了(le)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)參與(yu)課堂(tang)(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)障礙，學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)習慣于(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)主宰課堂(tang)(tang)，沒(mei)有(you)參與(yu)課堂(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識；②對(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敬畏感(gan)；③沒(mei)有(you)自信，缺乏(fa)嘗試的(de)(de)(de)(de)勇氣(qi)。

4.2學生(sheng)引而(er)不發的對(dui)策

篇6

水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程監理(li)公司都想增加投標(biao)的中(zhong)標(biao)概率，本文介紹了水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程監理(li)投標(biao)工(gong)作(zuo)的過程，注意事(shi)項及參考(kao)建議，從以上幾(ji)個方面，本文分析(xi)了在投標(biao)過程中(zhong)的工(gong)作(zuo)要點。供(gong)同行參考(kao)。

關鍵詞：

水利工程；監理；投標

前言

監(jian)理(li)投(tou)標(biao)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)，監(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位為了提(ti)高中(zhong)標(biao)的(de)概率，通常在編制(zhi)投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)時，對于“工(gong)程監(jian)理(li)”的(de)相應(ying)細(xi)節和相關的(de)內(nei)容進行詳細(xi)闡述，如(ru)按照“三控制(zhi)兩管理(li)一協調(diao)”的(de)內(nei)容分析和描述，一般不會(hui)落下任何規定在投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的(de)響應(ying)，但這很有(you)可能導致投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)內(nei)容不詳細(xi)，沒有(you)吸引(yin)力。如(ru)何結合本單(dan)(dan)位的(de)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況，突(tu)出本單(dan)(dan)位的(de)技術優勢，突(tu)出招標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)監(jian)督的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，應(ying)視為監(jian)理(li)投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong)(zhong)。

1水利工(gong)程(cheng)監理投(tou)標工(gong)作的主(zhu)要(yao)過程(cheng)

1.1組建競標組織

監(jian)理(li)單位取得(de)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文件后，根據水利(li)水電工程項目(mu)的(de)特點，要用經驗豐富、專業(ye)齊全(quan)的(de)監(jian)理(li)人員，建立(li)一個線性報價組，根據專業(ye)細致認真的(de)進行分(fen)工，仔細研究招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)文件，及時解(jie)決困難或疑惑(huo)，讓其(qi)成(cheng)員各(ge)負其(qi)責的(de)完成(cheng)投標(biao)(biao)的(de)準(zhun)備(bei)工作。

1.2配(pei)備合格(ge)的項目總監

招標(biao)(biao)計(ji)劃選派的(de)總監理(li)工(gong)(gong)程師的(de)專業(ye)能力和素(su)質是投(tou)標(biao)(biao)的(de)關鍵(jian)，除(chu)了考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)年(nian)齡(ling)、職稱等因素(su)，還要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)總監理(li)工(gong)(gong)程師曾主持或參與過（同(tong)類）類似(si)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)監理(li)業(ye)績，尤其是項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)總監的(de)個人榮譽，這些在(zai)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)中也將(jiang)發(fa)揮作(zuo)用，此外，還要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)總監的(de)口頭表達(da)能力，應(ying)變能力，當項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)總監陳述時(shi)，這些都可以加(jia)分。

1.3優選監理機構資(zi)源配置

監(jian)理機構(gou)的(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置，除了考慮項目總監(jian)的(de)資歷(li)，項目監(jian)理機構(gou)的(de)人員(yuan)數量、專(zhuan)業結(jie)構(gou)、職稱(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)、年齡結(jie)構(gou)搭配(pei)也很重要，尤其(qi)是要配(pei)置足夠(gou)的(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)、檢(jian)測測量設(she)備以(yi)及交(jiao)通工具等(deng)資源(yuan)(yuan)，儲備隨時調配(pei)資源(yuan)(yuan)，合理安排工作時間。

1.4準(zhun)備充(chong)足(zu)的業績材料(liao)

投標時(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)監理(li)公司準備足(zu)夠(gou)的業(ye)績材(cai)料，如：中國水利工(gong)程(cheng)優質（大禹）獎，文明工(gong)地獎，中國水利工(gong)程(cheng)建設監理(li)的AAA級信用單位(wei)，同時(shi)，監理(li)單位(wei)資(zi)信管理(li)也很重(zhong)要(yao)，財務狀(zhuang)況良好、無行賄犯罪記(ji)錄(lu)等(deng)，有利于招標。

1.5依(yi)規進行(xing)投標報價

除了固(gu)定總價和約(yue)定費率的項目(mu)外(wai)，目(mu)前監理(li)投(tou)標報價，均是按照《建設工(gong)程監理(li)與相關服(fu)務收費管(guan)理(li)規定》（發(fa)改價格[[2007]670號文(wen)）計(ji)算。

1.6監理投標(biao)工作的技(ji)術(shu)部分

技(ji)術(shu)部分主要(yao)是指(zhi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)大綱，而監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)大綱一(yi)般包括以(yi)下內容(rong)：①監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)項目概況；②監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)服務(wu)內容(rong)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)范圍、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)依據；③建立(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)機構（框圖），作好一(yi)系列監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人員得安排；④監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)程序、方法和制度(du)；⑤做好進場(chang)工作計劃(hua)表；⑥質(zhi)量、安全、資金、進度(du)和環境控制措施(shi)；⑦合(he)同和信(xin)息管理(li)(li)計劃(hua)；⑧組織和協調措施(shi)和內容(rong)；⑨對監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作的(de)難點進行分析及做出對策；⑩監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)設施(shi)，設備和項目配置計劃(hua)。

1.7技術(shu)標的編寫

監理(li)大綱是監理(li)單位(wei)(wei)在投(tou)標階段提交給業(ye)主的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術文件，它(ta)有兩個功能(neng)：①充(chong)分發揮(hui)工程(cheng)監理(li)單位(wei)(wei)對(dui)(dui)重要性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認識，基于項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)具體情(qing)況(kuang)，提出(chu)質量、安全和(he)進度的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施，以(yi)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)可(ke)能(neng)存在的(de)(de)(de)風險進行(xing)分析并提出(chu)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)策，以(yi)贏(ying)得(de)業(ye)主的(de)(de)(de)信任(ren)。②承接(jie)到任(ren)務后(hou)開展監理(li)工作制定綱領。除了根據招(zhao)標文件的(de)(de)(de)要求進行(xing)闡述以(yi)外，還應(ying)重點(dian)編寫本工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)難點(dian)以(yi)及(ji)建議。對(dui)(dui)業(ye)主提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，投(tou)標文件應(ying)給出(chu)明確的(de)(de)(de)回應(ying)，或根據以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)對(dui)(dui)技(ji)術和(he)管理(li)上的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)給出(chu)自己(ji)經驗(yan)，熟(shu)悉國家有關招(zhao)投(tou)標的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律、法(fa)規，熟(shu)悉監理(li)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)各種情(qing)況(kuang)，并對(dui)(dui)招(zhao)標文件有一定的(de)(de)(de)認知(zhi)能(neng)力。

2水利工程監理(li)投標工作(zuo)中的注意事(shi)項

2.1提煉(lian)監理(li)投標文件(jian)的“精”與(yu)“神(shen)”

目前，一(yi)些(xie)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)者追尋投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)厚度和(he)(he)(he)重量(liang)，這將(jiang)使評(ping)(ping)委(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)望而生畏。現(xian)在工程監理(li)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)單(dan)位(wei)少則(ze)(ze)三、四家(jia)(jia)，多則(ze)(ze)十幾家(jia)(jia)，有的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)標(biao)工作時(shi)(shi)間(jian)較短，評(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)沒有足夠的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)仔(zi)細閱讀所有投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)。如何(he)做好高質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)準備(bei)工作，并(bing)(bing)(bing)具(ju)有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)吸引力，給評(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)留下深(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)印象，對(dui)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)撰(zhuan)寫需(xu)(xu)要(yao)認真思考(kao)和(he)(he)(he)應對(dui)，關鍵在于細化投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)。據(ju)(ju)參與(yu)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)工作者的(de)(de)(de)多年經驗(yan)，應重點關注：①集(ji)中(zhong)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)，細化投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)，總結主要(yao)內(nei)容(rong)，可以反(fan)映整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)或報(bao)告(gao)陳述的(de)(de)(de)綜合描述，簡單(dan)明了(le)，集(ji)中(zhong)。②完成投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)目錄(lu)，目錄(lu)內(nei)容(rong)要(yao)具(ju)體。評(ping)(ping)分(fen)(fen)規(gui)則(ze)(ze)應與(yu)招(zhao)標(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)內(nei)容(rong)格式相(xiang)一(yi)致。③做好監督重點分(fen)(fen)析工作。每個(ge)(ge)項目都有不同的(de)(de)(de)特點，應根據(ju)(ju)工程設計和(he)(he)(he)施工要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體內(nei)容(rong)，提出(chu)工程施工過程中(zhong)應注意的(de)(de)(de)關鍵問題，并(bing)(bing)(bing)據(ju)(ju)此提出(chu)了(le)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)監管對(dui)策和(he)(he)(he)建(jian)議。做到(dao)內(nei)容(rong)具(ju)體、針對(dui)性強(qiang)、實用性強(qiang)，這一(yi)般需(xu)(xu)要(yao)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)(he)(he)精力，有時(shi)(shi)還(huan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)設計單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)咨詢、實地(di)調查、內(nei)部專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)分(fen)(fen)析來確定(ding)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)提出(chu)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議。

2.2重點關注監理招標(biao)文件的資格(ge)審查要(yao)求

保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)投標文(wen)件內(nei)(nei)容(rong)符合監(jian)理(li)招(zhao)標文(wen)件評(ping)分細則規(gui)定的基本要求。其中(zhong)，首(shou)先，要注(zhu)意是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有營業執照、資(zi)質證(zheng)(zheng)書是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)在有效期范圍內(nei)(nei)，資(zi)質范圍是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)包含(han)投標項(xiang)(xiang)目的范圍，主要監(jian)理(li)人員(yuan)的資(zi)格(ge)和經(jing)驗是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)滿足(zu)要求，是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有同類(lei)的在建項(xiang)(xiang)目，同類(lei)項(xiang)(xiang)目或類(lei)似(si)項(xiang)(xiang)目的業績是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)能滿足(zu)要求，是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)在規(gui)定的期限(xian)內(nei)(nei)打到招(zhao)標賬戶保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)金，監(jian)理(li)大(da)綱(gang)規(gui)定格(ge)式編排與(yu)招(zhao)標文(wen)件的格(ge)式是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)相符等(deng)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，其次(ci)，要注(zhu)意認證(zheng)(zheng)材料(liao)，ISO9000證(zheng)(zheng)書，其他資(zi)格(ge)證(zheng)(zheng)明文(wen)件等(deng)。

2.3注(zhu)重平(ping)日投標素(su)材的(de)收(shou)集(ji)與整理(li)

從招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)售截止(zhi)日期(qi)來說，一般(ban)有(you)(you)20d，但內(nei)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熟悉、投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)決策分析，需要(yao)花費大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，人力資源和(he)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置計劃(hua)，通常需要(yao)5~7d的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，其余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)用來編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)。如何在有(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內(nei)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)出(chu)詳細(xi)、全(quan)面(mian)、真實、高質量(liang)、高標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)，需要(yao)平(ping)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)資料進(jin)行必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)和(he)積累。目(mu)(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)市場，用于投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)雖然有(you)(you)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格式，但對(dui)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，監(jian)(jian)督的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)基本上是相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，對(dui)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求也(ye)更加嚴格和(he)規范。像這些(xie)可以提前(qian)準(zhun)備(bei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，都需要(yao)事先收(shou)集好，建立(li)數據(ju)庫，投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)包(bao)括的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)(mu)照片、榮譽證(zheng)書、獲(huo)獎(jiang)證(zheng)書等，這些(xie)都應該(gai)在平(ping)時(shi)(shi)收(shou)集，并進(jin)行更新和(he)補(bu)充，避(bi)免臨時(shi)(shi)收(shou)集。此(ci)外，大綱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)部(bu)分（監(jian)(jian)督）也(ye)應根據(ju)日常監(jian)(jian)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概述建立(li)數據(ju)庫，根據(ju)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)監(jian)(jian)理大綱格式和(he)大綱目(mu)(mu)錄，直接從數據(ju)庫內(nei)獲(huo)得，質量(liang)和(he)效(xiao)率將大大提高。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)來分析監(jian)(jian)理工作重點和(he)難點，以保證(zheng)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)質量(liang)。

3對水利工(gong)程監理投標工(gong)作的建議

3.1熟讀并理解(jie)監(jian)理招標文件的內(nei)容及(ji)其要求(qiu)

及(ji)時做好書面澄清(qing)工(gong)作(zuo)。第一次收到招標文件(jian)(jian)后，閱(yue)讀招標文件(jian)(jian)，了(le)解招標文件(jian)(jian)要求，檢查其(qi)內容(rong)前(qian)后是否(fou)存在規定不一致現象(xiang)，是否(fou)存在內容(rong)模糊(hu)不清(qing)或頁碼(ma)丟失的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)。一旦發現，應該在第一時間(jian)澄清(qing)。對招標文件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)分析時，工(gong)程監理人員必須(xu)是專業的(de)(de)(de)，必須(xu)對監理工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)主要內容(rong)和要求還有評分規則進(jin)行分析。對于(yu)一些混(hun)亂或含糊(hu)不清(qing)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，必須(xu)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)招標文件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)實際規定向(xiang)招標人澄清(qing)，根據招標文件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)監督和書面澄清(qing)函，并(bing)作(zuo)出投(tou)標決定。

3.2對投標(biao)報價的建議

投(tou)標報價(jia)(jia)與(yu)監理(li)單位(wei)的(de)(de)經濟利(li)益直接相關(guan)，投(tou)標報價(jia)(jia)是投(tou)標文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分，報價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)會直接確(que)定(ding)中標的(de)(de)機率，一般投(tou)標報價(jia)(jia)有多種不同的(de)(de)途徑確(que)定(ding)：①根(gen)(gen)據投(tou)資項目和(he)收費(fei)標準，直接計算(suan)，然(ran)后根(gen)(gen)據競(jing)標對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)分析(xi)，確(que)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)格。②根(gen)(gen)據招(zhao)(zhao)標文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)規定(ding)和(he)人(ren)力資源(yuan)配置，對(dui)(dui)員工(gong)工(gong)資單價(jia)(jia)、匯總確(que)定(ding)人(ren)事成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)設備成(cheng)本(ben)，然(ran)后考(kao)(kao)(kao)慮(lv)相應(ying)的(de)(de)管理(li)費(fei)和(he)利(li)潤，確(que)定(ding)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)報價(jia)(jia)。③根(gen)(gen)據招(zhao)(zhao)標文(wen)(wen)件(jian)要求，提出(chu)現(xian)場最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)分析(xi)，然(ran)后在(zai)(zai)考(kao)(kao)(kao)慮(lv)管理(li)費(fei)和(he)利(li)潤的(de)(de)基礎上，確(que)定(ding)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)報價(jia)(jia)。無(wu)論(lun)哪(na)種報價(jia)(jia)方式，都(dou)應(ying)充(chong)分考(kao)(kao)(kao)慮(lv)招(zhao)(zhao)標對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)水平、設計監理(li)費(fei)用概算(suan)和(he)國家政策規定(ding)以(yi)及招(zhao)(zhao)標文(wen)(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)具體規定(ding)。在(zai)(zai)確(que)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)格范(fan)圍(wei)后，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)決(jue)策者(zhe)將在(zai)(zai)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)設定(ding)期限內(nei)確(que)定(ding)最(zui)(zui)(zui)終(zhong)報價(jia)(jia)，并(bing)必須高(gao)度(du)保密以(yi)防止泄(xie)漏。

3.3不(bu)斷做好投標文(wen)件(jian)的總結與提高投標文(wen)件(jian)競爭力

不(bu)(bu)同地區、不(bu)(bu)同行(xing)業、不(bu)(bu)同項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)監督要求不(bu)(bu)完(wan)全相同。每(mei)次(ci)參與投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，不(bu)(bu)能盲目(mu)模仿類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，應結(jie)(jie)合(he)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)創(chuang)新，將招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識充分體現在投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)。這要求每(mei)次(ci)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)結(jie)(jie)束后，無論是否(fou)中(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，都(dou)應當及時(shi)組織(zhi)對(dui)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)過程和結(jie)(jie)果進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了分析和總結(jie)(jie)，發現投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷(xian)，對(dui)比分析投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，多方(fang)面(mian)了解別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，彌補不(bu)(bu)足，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量水平。其次(ci)，從多渠道收集(ji)學習好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)分析自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)一個(ge)投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)思考(kao)如何提高投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編制(zhi)質量，如何提出(chu)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思路和吸引評委的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，增加得分，這要求在投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)僅商務部(bu)分和基(ji)礎技術部(bu)分做(zuo)(zuo)到內容(rong)全面(mian)，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)突出(chu)，在滿足招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，還可(ke)以考(kao)慮一些(xie)創(chuang)新點(dian)(dian)，做(zuo)(zuo)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)做(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，做(zuo)(zuo)跟其他投(tou)(tou)(tou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，如：建立施工(gong)控制(zhi)網規劃圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩圖(tu)，類似項(xiang)目(mu)增加實物照片和詳細描述等(deng)。或(huo)請專業設計師設計一個(ge)漂亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封面(mian)設計，并展示(shi)該單元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)或(huo)亮點(dian)(dian)。還可(ke)以從招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)框架、結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、布局和包(bao)裝等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)，做(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計，給專家留下(xia)深刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印象，從而競標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)成(cheng)功。

4結語

總(zong)之，在(zai)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)競爭單(dan)位(wei)無明(ming)顯(xian)差異的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，投(tou)(tou)標(biao)單(dan)位(wei)基本數據(ju)的(de)(de)完整、準確和(he)高效嚴(yan)謹的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)決策(ce)，投(tou)(tou)標(biao)文件的(de)(de)質量，投(tou)(tou)標(biao)小組的(de)(de)密切合作，業務是否(fou)科學合理，都關系著投(tou)(tou)標(biao)得分(fen)的(de)(de)高低。做(zuo)好這(zhe)幾方面(mian)，得分(fen)率一定(ding)不會低，在(zai)投(tou)(tou)標(biao)市場的(de)(de)競爭中，可以大大提高中標(biao)概率，達到中標(biao)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

參考文獻

[1]謝彤光.水利(li)工程施(shi)工監(jian)理投標(biao)工作(zuo)綜述.山西水利(li)，2008.

 [2]董春娟.如何編制水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)監理投標文件.2010.

[3]SDC監理公司投(tou)標流程的優(you)化研究.山(shan)東(dong)大學，2012.

[4]劉志強，陳浩.水利水電(dian)工程質(zhi)量管(guan)理存在的問(wen)題及對(dui)策.民營(ying)科技，2011.

篇7

關鍵詞：水利工(gong)程；監理工(gong)作；方法措(cuo)施(shi)

中圖(tu)分類號：TV523　文獻標(biao)識碼(ma)：A　文章編號：1000－8136(2010)15－0095－02

隨著水利工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的不斷投(tou)入(ru)，從而使(shi)水利工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)監(jian)理(li)(li)制(zhi)全面推(tui)行。我(wo)國(guo)水利工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)管理(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)開始向(xiang)社(she)會化、專(zhuan)業化、規范化的管理(li)(li)模式(shi)轉變。在(zai)項目(mu)法人和(he)承包商(shang)之間引入(ru)了作(zuo)為中(zhong)介服務的第三方監(jian)理(li)(li)單位，以(yi)(yi)合同為依據，以(yi)(yi)提高工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)效益為目(mu)的，進(jin)行了科學的工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)管理(li)(li)，初步形成相互(hu)制(zhi)約、相互(hu)協作(zuo)、相互(hu)促進(jin)的工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)管理(li)(li)框架。這是改(gai)革開放以(yi)(yi)來，我(wo)國(guo)工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項目(mu)管理(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)進(jin)行三大改(gai)革。實行建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)監(jian)理(li)(li)制(zhi)重大改(gai)革舉措之一。

1　建設監理(li)制的(de)推行，使工(gong)程建設管理(li)體制向社會化(hua)(hua)、專業化(hua)(hua)、現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的(de)管理(li)模(mo)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)

在項目(mu)(mu)法人(ren)和承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商之間(jian)引(yin)入(ru)了作為中(zhong)介(jie)服務的(de)第(di)三方監理單位，以(yi)經濟(ji)合(he)同(tong)為紐帶，以(yi)提高工程建設(she)效(xiao)益為目(mu)(mu)的(de)，逐步建立了新的(de)建設(she)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理運(yun)行體制。通過具有專(zhuan)業知(zhi)識(shi)和實踐經驗的(de)監理工程師進行監理，在工程建設(she)中(zhong)，不(bu)但能夠發現(xian)和糾正(zheng)不(bu)合(he)理的(de)設(she)計，同(tong)時也指導承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商科學組織施工，還能從實際出發，提出合(he)理化建議，為項目(mu)(mu)規范化管(guan)理起(qi)到(dao)保障作用，使項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理的(de)模(mo)式(shi)也逐步向規范化、現(xian)代(dai)化先進模(mo)式(shi)轉化。

2 監(jian)理工作指導思想及前提條件

我闊的社會(hui)建(jian)(jian)設監理工(gong)(gong)作還沒(mei)有(you)完全(quan)走向(xiang)正軌(gui)，目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前主(zhu)要發(fa)生在項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的實(shi)施階段(duan)，即(ji)：工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設的設計階段(duan)、招標(biao)(biao)(biao)階段(duan)、施工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)以(yi)及竣工(gong)(gong)驗收階段(duan)和保修階段(duan)，其指導思想是：以(yi)建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)管理(投資目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、工(gong)(gong)期目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)、質量目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao))為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)規劃與動態目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)控制，盡可能更好地(di)實(shi)現項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，以(yi)提高投資效益(yi)的目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的。

由于受傳統觀念的(de)影響，當(dang)前(qian)我國的(de)水利(li)建設(she)監(jian)理(li)(li)往(wang)往(wang)都(dou)是施工階段(duan)的(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)。監(jian)理(li)(li)單位(wei)接(jie)受委(wei)托后，一般情況(kuang)下，工程(cheng)就要馬(ma)上(shang)開工，監(jian)理(li)(li)介入時(shi)間太晚，難以熟(shu)悉(xi)工程(cheng)情況(kuang)。為彌(mi)補(bu)此項(xiang)不足(zu)。作為監(jian)理(li)(li)工程(cheng)師(shi)，應力爭與項(xiang)目業主(zhu)多接(jie)觸。了解工程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)真正目的(de)，了解參(can)與工程(cheng)項(xiang)目建設(she)的(de)各方所應負的(de)職責、義務(wu)和應享有的(de)權利(li)以及相互關系，熟(shu)悉(xi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)文件(jian)(jian)，參(can)加由業主(zhu)組織(zhi)的(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)交底會，依據規(gui)范(fan)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)文件(jian)(jian)，掌握第一手建設(she)信息(xi)資料，在監(jian)理(li)(li)工作中加以注意和正確處理(li)(li)，這是做好(hao)(hao)監(jian)理(li)(li)工作的(de)前(qian)提條件(jian)(jian)，也是做好(hao)(hao)監(jian)理(li)(li)工作規(gui)劃、實施細則所必(bi)需(xu)的(de)條件(jian)(jian)。

為此，在開始監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作時就詳細(xi)了解并熟悉各種合同文(wen)件，如施下(xia)承(cheng)包文(wen)件、工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理(li)合同文(wen)件等，與業主(zhu)和承(cheng)包商(shang)進(jin)行(xing)有效(xiao)的(de)合作，認真履行(xing)自己的(de)職責，實現工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設(she)意圖(tu)，保證了工(gong)(gong)程項目的(de)順利進(jin)行(xing)，讓(rang)業主(zhu)滿意。

3 做(zuo)好監理(li)工作掌握(wo)的依據和必備的條件

建(jian)設監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作具有專業(ye)性(xing)、實(shi)(shi)踐性(xing)、應用性(xing)很強的(de)(de)特點，監(jian)理(li)效果的(de)(de)優劣，在很大程度(du)上取決于監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)水平、能力以(yi)及(ji)素質的(de)(de)高低。對于一個監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程師(shi)來(lai)說，必須有比較廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)知識和(he)比較豐富的(de)(de)工(gong)程建(jian)設實(shi)(shi)踐經驗，才能勝任監(jian)理(li)本職下作。

做好(hao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)必須掌握實施(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據：①國家和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)設(she)管理(li)部(bu)門(men)制定頒發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律、法(fa)規、規章和(he)(he)相關(guan)政(zheng)策；②技術規范、技術標準，主(zhu)要包括國家有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門(men)頒發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)規范、技術標準、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)規范、施(shi)下操作(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)等；③政(zheng)府建(jian)(jian)設(she)主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)批準的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)文件(jian)、設(she)計(ji)文件(jian)；④項目(mu)(mu)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)承包商依法(fa)訂立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)承包合(he)(he)同，與材料、設(she)備供貨(huo)單(dan)位(wei)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)購貨(huo)合(he)(he)同，與社會監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)位(wei)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)合(he)(he)同以及項目(mu)(mu)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)與其他(ta)有(you)關(guan)單(dan)位(wei)簽訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同；還有(you)在監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)過程(cheng)中項目(mu)(mu)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)下達的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更(geng)文件(jian)，設(she)計(ji)部(bu)門(men)對設(she)計(ji)問的(de)(de)(de)(de)正式(shi)書面答復，項目(mu)(mu)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)與設(she)計(ji)部(bu)門(men)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)位(wei)等方(fang)聯合(he)(he)簽署的(de)(de)(de)(de)回訪備忘(wang)錄等，

監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師的必(bi)備條件(jian)包(bao)括(kuo)廣泛的知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)，包(bao)括(kuo)理(li)(li)(li)論水(shui)(shui)平(ping)、專(zhuan)業(ye)技術(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)、經(jing)濟方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面的知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)等，具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的理(li)(li)(li)論水(shui)(shui)平(ping)才(cai)能(neng)在(zai)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中抓中心(xin)、抓方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、抓效果、把握監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的大方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)和(he)(he)(he)堅持正確的原則，才(cai)能(neng)起到權威作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。熟知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、政策、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面的知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)，聯(lian)系實際(ji)，就會(hui)使監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)有(you)根(gen)有(you)據，扎實穩妥。使監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)立(li)于(yu)不敗之地。掌握工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面的專(zhuan)業(ye)理(li)(li)(li)論，熟悉(xi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)、合同文件(jian)，熟悉(xi)設(she)計(ji)文件(jian)，熟悉(xi)技術(shu)規程(cheng)(cheng)、規范(fan)和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量檢驗標準，熟悉(xi)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)管理(li)(li)(li)規范(fan)和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)文件(jian)，熟悉(xi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境和(he)(he)(he)條件(jian)，就能(neng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)然，并知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)所(suo)以然，在(zai)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)實際(ji)問時，能(neng)夠透過(guo)現象(xiang)看(kan)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)。從根(gen)本(ben)(ben)上解(jie)決(jue)(jue)和(he)(he)(he)處理(li)(li)(li)問題。如某一(yi)段基礎(chu)漿(jiang)砌石砌筑，在(zai)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)巡視過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)時，發(fa)現地下水(shui)(shui)從砌石縫(feng)中流出(chu)，根(gen)據這(zhe)一(yi)現象(xiang)，就判定(ding)基礎(chu)的砌筑未采用(yong)(yong)座漿(jiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)并且砂漿(jiang)不密實，否(fou)則不會(hui)出(chu)現這(zhe)種現象(xiang)。具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的專(zhuan)業(ye)技術(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)就能(neng)夠在(zai)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中發(fa)現和(he)(he)(he)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)設(she)計(ji)單位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)不能(neng)發(fa)現的和(he)(he)(he)不能(neng)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)的復雜(za)的問題。如：漿(jiang)砌石基礎(chu)，由于(yu)受地下水(shui)(shui)的影響，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)根(gen)據傳統的方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，采用(yong)(yong)干拌砂灰進行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，但這(zhe)不符合施(shi)工(gong)(gong)規范(fan)及技術(shu)要求(qiu)，作(zuo)為(wei)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師不容(rong)許這(zhe)樣施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。為(wei)此，要求(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)改(gai)變施(shi)下方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，配(pei)合排水(shui)(shui)，采用(yong)(yong)堆漿(jiang)向(xiang)前攤鋪(pu)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)決(jue)(jue)這(zhe)一(yi)問題，效果就比較(jiao)(jiao)好。

4　監理工程師權利的運用

在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)實踐中深感(gan)，按(an)照《建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量管理(li)條例》、《水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量監(jian)督管理(li)規定》為了使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實現其(qi)監(jian)理(li)任務，使項目法人(ren)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)時得到符合要(yao)(yao)求的：卜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，并使承包(bao)商獲得與(yu)其(qi)相應(ying)的合理(li)報(bao)酬(chou)就必須按(an)責、權(quan)、利對等的原則，業主要(yao)(yao)大力(li)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)，為監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作創(chuang)造一個良好的氛(fen)圍，賦予監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師以相應(ying)的權(quan)利，包(bao)括(kuo)：①技術上(shang)的核定權(quan)；②組織(zhi)協調上(shang)的主持(chi)權(quan)；③材(cai)料設備和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量認(ren)權(quan)和否決(jue)(jue)權(quan)；④進度與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期上(shang)的確認(ren)權(quan)和否決(jue)(jue)權(quan)；⑤工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款支(zhi)(zhi)付與(yu)結算上(shang)的確認(ren)權(quan)和否決(jue)(jue)權(quan)。

5 人員的(de)配置(zhi)是做好監理工(gong)作的(de)重要保障

配(pei)備足夠數量的監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員，是保(bao)障做好(hao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工作的重要一環，監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員配(pei)備的數量應(ying)根(gen)據工程(cheng)項目類型(xing)、規模、復(fu)雜程(cheng)度以及監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員素質和施工承包隊伍的資質等(deng)因素而定。在被監(jian)(jian)理(li)的工程(cheng)范圍內應(ying)當(dang)被足夠的監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員和相(xiang)應(ying)的專業人(ren)(ren)(ren)員所覆蓋，才能進(jin)行有(you)效的監(jian)(jian)理(li)，否則就會(hui)顧此失彼(bi)。

6　監(jian)理工作的職業道德

對一(yi)個監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師來說，應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)政(zheng)治素質(zhi)和(he)高(gao)(gao)尚的(de)職(zhi)業道(dao)德，只有具(ju)備(bei)高(gao)(gao)尚的(de)職(zhi)業道(dao)德，在(zai)監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)才能做(zuo)到廉(lian)潔(jie)、守法(fa)、公(gong)正(zheng)、誠信和(he)科學。在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于地質(zhi)、地形條(tiao)件的(de)變(bian)(bian)化、設計(ji)變(bian)(bian)更等(deng)多方面的(de)影響(xiang)，招標中(zhong)的(de)設計(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)實際(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)很難一(yi)致，在(zai)計(ji)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)若沒(mei)有高(gao)(gao)尚的(de)職(zhi)業道(dao)德，不能夠堅持“公(gong)平、獨立、自主”的(de)工(gong)(gong)作原則，就很難做(zuo)到公(gong)正(zheng)、誠信、科學。

篇8

關鍵詞：水利工程；監理；負責制

1水利工(gong)程(cheng)建設特點(dian)

水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)是(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目之一，具有以(yi)下特(te)點(dian)：①社(she)會(hui)影響力大(da)。水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)民生工(gong)程(cheng)，是(shi)針對(dui)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)分布(bu)不均的(de)(de)問題提(ti)出的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)，調(diao)節(jie)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)分布(bu)、滿足人(ren)們日(ri)常(chang)生活需要，有著(zhu)重要的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)效益；②水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)工(gong)作環境(jing)(jing)艱苦。工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)系統化，規模龐大(da)，區(qu)(qu)域(yu)跨(kua)度(du)大(da)，集(ji)中在(zai)干旱區(qu)(qu)域(yu)居多，受到自(zi)然環境(jing)(jing)因素影響大(da)；③水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)重，進度(du)緊張(zhang)。水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)國家(jia)的(de)(de)重點(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)，建設(she)(she)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)繁重，施工(gong)質量(liang)要求(qiu)較高。

2水(shui)利工程監(jian)理中存在的問(wen)題

2.1監理市場秩序不規范

主要問題：①水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)序混亂，出現惡性(xing)競爭；②政(zheng)府(fu)干(gan)預不明顯(xian)，導致監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)不規范(fan)，甚至存(cun)在(zai)著工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目負責人隨意(yi)干(gan)涉監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題；③項(xiang)目法人責任不明晰，責任并未得到(dao)落實，導致施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期受(shou)到(dao)隨意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓縮，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)無法取(qu)得合規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)；④水(shui)利(li)項(xiang)目中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招標過程受(shou)到(dao)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)因素影響較大，中(zhong)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)質量并不優質，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)無監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)資(zi)(zi)格；⑤建設和監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)金投入并且未到(dao)位，資(zi)(zi)金運轉效率低下；⑥監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)存(cun)在(zai)重(zhong)復監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)、多頭監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不合理(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)式。

2.2監理人員整體(ti)素質偏低

監(jian)理(li)團隊存(cun)在著監(jian)理(li)人員素質不(bu)(bu)高，自(zi)身角色定位不(bu)(bu)明確的(de)情況。我國(guo)對(dui)監(jian)理(li)市場的(de)法律法規并不(bu)(bu)完善，監(jian)理(li)人員對(dui)政(zheng)策的(de)掌(zhang)握(wo)能力欠缺(que)，對(dui)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程的(de)政(zheng)策操作(zuo)性不(bu)(bu)強，經常出(chu)現鉆制度(du)空子的(de)現象(xiang)。監(jian)理(li)人員對(dui)工(gong)程的(de)評定手段無準確的(de)指標，工(gong)程的(de)鑒定結(jie)果不(bu)(bu)具備權(quan)威性。此外，監(jian)理(li)方(fang)受(shou)制于建設方(fang)，部分監(jian)理(li)方(fang)為(wei)了(le)維護建設方(fang)的(de)利益，不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)按監(jian)理(li)原則做事，違背了(le)監(jian)理(li)的(de)客觀(guan)事實，存(cun)在著包(bao)庇建設方(fang)的(de)現象(xiang)，監(jian)理(li)結(jie)果缺(que)乏(fa)客觀(guan)性。

2.3監(jian)理服務費(fei)過低(di)

水利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)建設(she)中，施工(gong)建設(she)仍然(ran)占(zhan)據著主導位置，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位過低，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)服務費用并不(bu)高，導致(zhi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)目(mu)標受到資金限制(zhi)無(wu)法(fa)實現(xian)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)企(qi)業沒(mei)能得到相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)服務費，無(wu)法(fa)實現(xian)企(qi)業自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)動(dong)力不(bu)足。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員拿不(bu)到相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)報酬，失去對監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)信心，行(xing)業無(wu)法(fa)成長，優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)才難以進入監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)行(xing)。監(jian)(jian)督(du)效(xiao)用不(bu)能完全(quan)發(fa)揮，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在僅是擺設(she)，導致(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)漏洞(dong)眾多(duo)。

2.4施(shi)工方和監理方配合程度低(di)

建設(she)單位為(wei)了隱(yin)瞞建設(she)項目的不(bu)達標(biao)情況，錢(qian)聘請關(guan)系密切的監(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)進行(xing)監(jian)理(li)，監(jian)理(li)報告存在(zai)虛假報告的嫌疑。施工方(fang)(fang)不(bu)受監(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)的干涉，施工程(cheng)序(xu)不(bu)規范、流(liu)程(cheng)不(bu)準確現(xian)象時有(you)發(fa)生，施工方(fang)(fang)和監(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)的配(pei)合程(cheng)度低，甚至出現(xian)施工方(fang)(fang)與監(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)獨立工作的情形(xing)。

3解決水利工程(cheng)監理中(zhong)問(wen)題的措施

3.1整(zheng)頓水利工程的(de)市場秩序

應該出(chu)臺相關(guan)政(zheng)策規(gui)范(fan)監理(li)市場(chang)秩序，強化(hua)監理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、建設方(fang)(fang)(fang)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)制意識(shi)，完善水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)建設，規(gui)范(fan)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑活(huo)動，用制度制約監理(li)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不規(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為。加(jia)大(da)對監理(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資質審核，對市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準入門檻進行(xing)規(gui)范(fan)，對無證(zheng)上(shang)(shang)崗、假冒(mao)持(chi)(chi)證(zheng)、持(chi)(chi)他人(ren)證(zheng)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)應進行(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)肅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)查處，把(ba)監理(li)人(ren)員素(su)質不合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象從市場(chang)源頭上(shang)(shang)杜(du)(du)絕。此外，強化(hua)項目負責人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)意識(shi)，落實責任(ren)制，明確負責人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)主(zhu)體，對于(yu)監理(li)團隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇要遵循市場(chang)原則，嚴(yan)(yan)禁杜(du)(du)絕出(chu)現監理(li)團隊轉包的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。項目責任(ren)人(ren)不僅組織驗收工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，還要負責建設方(fang)(fang)(fang)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、監理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)者關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調(diao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，對于(yu)監理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)性(xing)建議應予以思考并適當采(cai)(cai)納(na)。同時(shi)，對監理(li)團隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承接(jie)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)規(gui)范(fan)，采(cai)(cai)納(na)正規(gui)競標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)，取(qu)締一切靠關(guan)系、走后門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承接(jie)業(ye)務(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。

3.2提(ti)高監(jian)理(li)人員素質

監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)業(ye)務素質對(dui)(dui)整個水利工(gong)程的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)質量起到(dao)關鍵的(de)(de)作用(yong)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)企(qi)業(ye)提(ti)高(gao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)入(ru)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)門檻，相關部門發揮審計作用(yong)，對(dui)(dui)無資(zi)(zi)質的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)入(ru)監(jian)(jian)理(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)給予(yu)警告，并對(dui)(dui)監(jian)(jian)理(li)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)負責人(ren)(ren)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)查處告知。我國及(ji)(ji)時(shi)出(chu)臺持證(zheng)(zheng)上崗的(de)(de)政策，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)完善監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)注冊系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，持證(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有(you)著(zhu)被(bei)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)師資(zi)(zi)格編(bian)號。同時(shi)強化監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)崗前(qian)培(pei)訓(xun)，通過了定期的(de)(de)培(pei)訓(xun)考核才證(zheng)(zheng)明證(zheng)(zheng)書有(you)效性(xing)。對(dui)(dui)于新進(jin)入(ru)監(jian)(jian)理(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)應進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)崗前(qian)實習(xi)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)企(qi)業(ye)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)安(an)排資(zi)(zi)歷豐富的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)師對(dui)(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)崗前(qian)指導。監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)技術也需(xu)要創新，與(yu)時(shi)俱(ju)進(jin)。水利工(gong)程受(shou)到(dao)多種(zhong)因素影(ying)響，復雜(za)性(xing)、多樣性(xing)的(de)(de)工(gong)程施工(gong)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)作也需(xu)要敏銳的(de)(de)眼光，提(ti)高(gao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)質量。

3.3規范(fan)監(jian)理服務價格

監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)要提(ti)高(gao)(gao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的待遇，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)的勞動報酬得到了提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，才會提(ti)高(gao)(gao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工作的積(ji)極性，也(ye)能吸引更為優質的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)才進入(ru)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方與建(jian)設方洽(qia)談監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)業(ye)務(wu)時明確(que)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方的獨立位置，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)費(fei)用應列支在工程(cheng)預(yu)算上(shang)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內容(rong)應明晰(xi)化，每個具體(ti)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)指(zhi)標的服務(wu)費(fei)應合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。國家(jia)從政(zheng)策和制度上(shang)控制監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的服務(wu)價格，使用行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)手段對價格進行(xing)(xing)宏觀(guan)調控，完善招標的管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方法(fa)，對監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)加強行(xing)(xing)業(ye)自律。

3.4提高施工方(fang)和監(jian)理方(fang)的配合度

監理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)要明(ming)確(que)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)中(zhong)的(de)監督(du)作用(yong)，發揮積極向(xiang)上的(de)監理(li)(li)效用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)監理(li)(li)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，及時尋求施工(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)和(he)建設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)幫助。即使(shi)在(zai)(zai)監理(li)(li)中(zhong)出現與雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)意(yi)見不統(tong)一(yi)的(de)情況，也要明(ming)確(que)立場，明(ming)確(que)自身的(de)監理(li)(li)責任和(he)義(yi)務(wu)。項目(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)應派專人(ren)負(fu)責溝通事宜(yi)，負(fu)責人(ren)應采(cai)取(qu)積極措施加(jia)強施工(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)和(he)監理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)溝通，加(jia)強兩方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)工(gong)作配合度(du)。對于無法協(xie)商的(de)施工(gong)問題應形成(cheng)書面材料并匯報上級(ji)部門(men)，爭取(qu)得到上級(ji)部門(men)作出統(tong)一(yi)的(de)指導和(he)協(xie)調。

3.5實(shi)行總監理工程師負責制

主要(yao)(yao)步驟：①應當(dang)要(yao)(yao)切實解決(jue)總(zong)監(jian)掛名的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。因為當(dang)前(qian)在我(wo)國普(pu)遍(bian)存在一個總(zong)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)同時(shi)承接數(shu)個工(gong)程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，因此務必要(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)審(shen)查總(zong)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)，切實解決(jue)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作不(bu)到位，監(jian)理(li)不(bu)負責的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)；②必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)重視招投標的(de)(de)(de)后續工(gong)作。項目中(zhong)標后要(yao)(yao)求總(zong)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)構(gou)建起總(zong)監(jian)動態管理(li)數(shu)據庫信息系統(tong)，以(yi)確保(bao)(bao)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作順利、高效的(de)(de)(de)開展；③應當(dang)實行各級(ji)崗位責任制。崗位責任制適用于監(jian)理(li)人員、監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)以(yi)及總(zong)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)，明(ming)確其相應的(de)(de)(de)職責范(fan)圍，并(bing)實行合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)獎(jiang)懲制度。以(yi)確保(bao)(bao)各級(ji)工(gong)作都能夠(gou)保(bao)(bao)質保(bao)(bao)量的(de)(de)(de)進行。

3.6嚴格落實水利工程全(quan)過(guo)程監理(li)

除了(le)上(shang)述(shu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)外，嚴格(ge)落實水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)也是確(que)保其良(liang)好建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。當(dang)(dang)前水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)通常采(cai)取(qu)事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)或(huo)事(shi)(shi)后(hou)的(de)模式(shi)(shi)，降低了(le)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)強(qiang)度與量(liang)，并(bing)且也獲得了(le)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)成效，但實際上(shang)這兩(liang)種監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)模式(shi)(shi)都難以有效地(di)保障水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，有鑒于此(ci)，采(cai)取(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)顯(xian)得十分(fen)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。首先(xian)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)前除了(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)具(ju)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)詳細資(zi)料充(chong)分(fen)熟悉外，還(huan)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在結合(he)(he)具(ju)體(ti)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)目(mu)標(biao)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)以及(ji)進度時間水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)目(mu)標(biao)情況下(xia)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)出科學合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)及(ji)選(xuan)擇好方(fang)法(fa)人員(yuan)等。通過做好各項(xiang)(xiang)事(shi)(shi)前監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)為保障水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順利(li)(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)及(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)打下(xia)堅實基礎(chu)；其次，水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單位除了(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)依據相關方(fang)法(fa)、要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等開(kai)展各項(xiang)(xiang)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)外，對(dui)(dui)某些水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)內(nei)容要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)取(qu)全(quan)天候監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。此(ci)外還(huan)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)、業主方(fang)的(de)溝通交流，既能確(que)保監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)順利(li)(li)(li)開(kai)展，又能為保障水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)良(liang)好建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)基礎(chu)；最(zui)后(hou)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)(shi)后(hou)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)上(shang)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)單位應會同施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)、業主方(fang)進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗收，并(bing)根據自(zi)身(shen)專業知識指(zhi)出工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)哪(na)些部分(fen)不達標(biao)以及(ji)各項(xiang)(xiang)指(zhi)標(biao)是否符(fu)合(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。只有當(dang)(dang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各項(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)內(nei)容均符(fu)合(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)后(hou)方(fang)可(ke)簽字確(que)認。

4結束語

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)對(dui)水(shui)力工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)建(jian)設有著極為重要的(de)意義。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作人員應當(dang)認清自(zi)身的(de)責任與使命，切實(shi)依照我國相關法律制度(du)(du)以(yi)及行(xing)(xing)業規范來(lai)完(wan)成監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作。不僅如此，還(huan)可通過整頓水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)市場秩序，提高(gao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人員素質(zhi)，規范監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)服務價格，提高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)方和(he)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)方的(de)配(pei)合度(du)(du)，實(shi)行(xing)(xing)總監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師負責制等方式(shi)來(lai)對(dui)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)全過程(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)有效監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)，從而有效促進水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)提高(gao)。

參考文獻：

[1]邱浩(hao).水利工(gong)程(cheng)監理在提(ti)高工(gong)程(cheng)經濟效益中所起作用的思考[J].水利發(fa)展研(yan)究,2015,(3):51-53+62.

[2]陳綺菲.水利水電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程建設監(jian)理問題與對策探析[J].廣東水利電(dian)(dian)力職(zhi)業技術學院(yuan)學報,2014,(3):19-22+30.

篇9

【關鍵詞】水(shui)利(li)工程;監理;探討;規范;素質(zhi)

中圖分類號(hao)：TV文獻標(biao)識碼： A

長(chang)期以(yi)(yi)來,我國水利水電工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)一直采用自營制(zhi)方式(shi),即由(you)國家撥款,國營工(gong)(gong)程局施工(gong)(gong),建成(cheng)后移交相應的管理部門生產運行,收益(yi)上交國家。資金(jin)的使用,工(gong)(gong)程建設(she)的進度(du)、質(zhi)量和成(cheng)本,名義上都由(you)工(gong)(gong)程局負責,沒有現代(dai)意義上的項目管理概念。直到(dao)20世(shi)紀80年代(dai)末,隨著改革(ge)開放政策的實施,在(zai)引(yin)進外資的同時也引(yin)進了(le)國外長(chang)期在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)下形(xing)成(cheng)的并為(wei)(wei)社會公認的規則,即被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“國際慣(guan)例”的市(shi)場(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)規則以(yi)(yi)及(ji)FIDIC合(he)同條(tiao)件(jian)下的建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程監理制(zhi)。

水利(li)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設監(jian)理制,是一(yi)項科學的(de)(de)管(guan)理制度。實(shi)踐證明,實(shi)行監(jian)理制對(dui)于加強(qiang)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設管(guan)理,控制工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)、工期和投資,確保(bao)工程(cheng)安(an)全,提高工程(cheng)效益具有十分重要作(zuo)用。但(dan)是,從水利(li)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設監(jian)理實(shi)際來看,也存在(zai)著(zhu)一(yi)些不容(rong)忽(hu)視的(de)(de)問題,如(ru)參(can)與工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)有關單位不能(neng)很好地按照(zhao)國家規(gui)定的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設程(cheng)序、規(gui)程(cheng)規(gui)范(fan)和技術(shu)標準開(kai)展工作(zuo),致使監(jian)理作(zuo)用的(de)(de)發(fa)揮受(shou)到很大限制。針對(dui)目前(qian)水利(li)工程(cheng)監(jian)理工作(zuo)存在(zai)的(de)(de)問題,現(xian)提出完善水利(li)工程(cheng)監(jian)理工作(zuo)的(de)(de)對(dui)策。

1水利工(gong)程監理工(gong)作存在的問題

1.1對監理工作的作用和意義認(ren)識不(bu)足

(1)部(bu)分業主對(dui)實行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)(li)的(de)意(yi)義(yi)及(ji)其重要性缺乏(fa)科學認(ren)識(shi),有的(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)迫不得已,有的(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)“多此(ci)一(yi)舉”,有的(de)實行監理(li)(li)制只是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了應付上級部(bu)門的(de)檢(jian)查或領取施(shi)工(gong)(gong)許可證(zheng),有的(de)把監理(li)(li)僅僅當作是(shi)檢(jian)查質量(liang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)具;即使授予了“三控制”的(de)權力,在(zai)實際監理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作操作中業主也認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監理(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)自(zi)己的(de)雇員(yuan)(yuan),必須為(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)己的(de)利(li)益服務。有些業主經(jing)常用不成文的(de)“地方慣例”來決定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)上的(de)許多實際問題,使得承包商常常處在(zai)進退兩難的(de)境地,導致工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設進度滯后(hou),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)效益下降,而監理(li)(li)單位則成為(wei)(wei)(wei)造成這種不良后(hou)果的(de)“替罪羊(yang)”。

(2)承(cheng)包商(shang)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)直接(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe),其管理(li)(li)水平直接(jie)影響著工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量和效益,也是(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位(wei)開(kai)展監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)主要對象之一(yi)。有(you)些(xie)(xie)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)把(ba)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)看成是(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)檢員(yuan),在質(zhi)(zhi)量檢查(cha)(cha)控(kong)制方(fang)(fang)面依賴監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li),某一(yi)部位(wei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)完成后(hou)(hou)尚未進行(xing)自查(cha)(cha)自檢,就叫監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)去驗收,導致自身的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量體系(xi)不(bu)(bu)能有(you)效運行(xing)。有(you)些(xie)(xie)承(cheng)包商(shang)在中(zhong)(zhong)標后(hou)(hou),沒有(you)及時按照承(cheng)包合同中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)承(cheng)諾(nuo),組(zu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目部及配備(bei)相關(guan)人(ren)員(yuan);或(huo)是(shi)(shi)為了節(jie)約生(sheng)產(chan)成本沒有(you)或(huo)減少本應投入的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),導致工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管理(li)(li)混亂,許多施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案無法(fa)實(shi)施(shi),從而嚴重影響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)正常開(kai)展。也有(you)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)認(ren)為監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)是(shi)(shi)業(ye)主利益的(de)代表(biao),是(shi)(shi)為業(ye)主服(fu)務和替業(ye)主作(zuo)主的(de),不(bu)(bu)把(ba)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)當作(zuo)獨立(li)的(de)第三方(fang)(fang)看待,因此在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)予以應有(you)的(de)配合,使得監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)難(nan)以正常開(kai)展,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)不(bu)(bu)能走上正常的(de)軌道。

1．2監理(li)單位管理(li)水平和監理(li)人員素質有(you)待提高

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)主要任務(wu)是(shi)“三控制、兩管理(li)(li)、一(yi)協調”,監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位(wei)實施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)應(ying)根據監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)合(he)同中所承擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)任務(wu)組(zu)建項目監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)機構(gou),實行總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師負責(ze)制。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)總(zong)體目標的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)有(you)賴于(yu)(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)總(zong)體布置和(he)科(ke)學管理(li)(li),是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)高(gao)智力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)勞動,因此該機構(gou)要求各類技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員在數量、業(ye)務(wu)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)、專業(ye)搭(da)配(pei)上合(he)理(li)(li),特(te)別是(shi)對總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師的(de)(de)(de)技術水平(ping)、業(ye)務(wu)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)、組(zu)織協調能力(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要求。現(xian)實中,目前仍有(you)部分監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)公司不(bu)(bu)(bu)能獨立(li)于(yu)(yu)原(yuan)單位(wei),有(you)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)任務(wu)時(shi)就臨時(shi)拼湊人(ren)(ren)(ren)員,而(er)被(bei)拼湊的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員往往缺乏必要的(de)(de)(de)經濟管理(li)(li)知(zhi)識和(he)法律(lv)知(zhi)識,運(yun)用現(xian)代管理(li)(li)手段提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)質量和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)較(jiao)低,同時(shi)離退休人(ren)(ren)(ren)員多,監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員構(gou)成難以穩定;而(er)擁有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)專業(ye)技術水平(ping)、較(jiao)強(qiang)組(zu)織協調能力(li)(li)(li)(li)、較(jiao)豐富管理(li)(li)經驗的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才難以引進(jin),致使公司及其人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質總(zong)體水平(ping)較(jiao)難提高(gao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)公司的(de)(de)(de)長遠發展。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位(wei)要想在激(ji)烈的(de)(de)(de)市場競爭中立(li)于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敗之地,必須在加強(qiang)管理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),重視培養人(ren)(ren)(ren)才,引進(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才,以增(zeng)強(qiang)自身實力(li)(li)(li)(li),從而(er)達到內強(qiang)素質外(wai)塑形象的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。

1．3工程(cheng)建設中存(cun)在(zai)不規范行(xing)為(wei),監(jian)理合(he)同(tong)得不到認真履行(xing)

目前(qian),一些小型水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項目還不(bu)能完全(quan)按照(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)規范要(yao)求施工(gong)(gong)(gong),仍然存在(zai)“邊(bian)(bian)設(she)(she)(she)計邊(bian)(bian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)”,或(huo)者是業主、設(she)(she)(she)計單(dan)(dan)位(wei)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)同屬一家單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)現象,造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)職責(ze)不(bu)清,責(ze)任(ren)不(bu)明,管理(li)(li)混亂,監理(li)(li)人員的(de)決(jue)定和意見不(bu)能落實,監理(li)(li)效果不(bu)夠理(li)(li)想,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)監督出(chu)現漏洞,在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)問題的(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)中互(hu)相(xiang)推卸責(ze)任(ren)。因此,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項目各方及質(zhi)量(liang)監督機構必(bi)須認識到在(zai)我國過去的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)管理(li)(li)體制下,由于責(ze)、權、利不(bu)明確,投資失控、進(jin)(jin)度(du)失控、質(zhi)量(liang)失控的(de)現象時有出(chu)現,以致造成了很大(da)損失。通過20多年的(de)監理(li)(li)實踐證明,實施工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)監理(li)(li)是降低工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價、加快工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)、提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)、減(jian)少投資浪費的(de)有效措(cuo)施。

2完(wan)善水利工程監理工作的對(dui)策

2．1大力(li)加強監理隊伍建(jian)設

加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)自身業(ye)務(wu)培(pei)(pei)訓,提高自身素質(zhi)(zhi),規范(fan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei),是一切監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。目前,一些大中(zhong)型水利工(gong)程建設監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong),明顯暴露出監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)特別是總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)人才(cai)匾(bian)乏的(de)(de)(de)問題。為(wei)此,有必要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊伍(wu)建設,培(pei)(pei)養綜(zong)合型的(de)(de)(de)、高素質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊伍(wu),從(cong)而確保總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程師負責制的(de)(de)(de)有效落實;加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)培(pei)(pei)訓和檢查、督促工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)力度,以適應工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao);加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)現場(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)檢查、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督,力求監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)行(xing)為(wei)規范(fan)。與此同(tong)時,應加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)公司和現場(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)力度,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)輿論監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督,切實做到內強(qiang)(qiang)素質(zhi)(zhi),外樹形象(xiang);應不斷總(zong)(zong)結經(jing)驗,編制總(zong)(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)業(ye)務(wu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)手冊(ce)和監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)業(ye)務(wu)考核手冊(ce)。

2．2監理(li)單位(wei)要增強責任意識

監理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)應(ying)增(zeng)強(qiang)責任意識和服務意識,以良好的(de)工作業績和優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)服務爭(zheng)取(qu)市場(chang)、占領市場(chang),以質(zhi)(zhi)量求(qiu)發(fa)展。同時(shi),監理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)應(ying)充分認(ren)識到(dao)水利水電工程(cheng)技術的(de)復雜(za)性(xing)(xing)和功能的(de)多樣性(xing)(xing),認(ren)真分析影響工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量、進(jin)度(du)和投(tou)資的(de)主要因素,編制(zhi)好監理(li)規劃和監理(li)實施細(xi)則(ze),并增(zeng)強(qiang)這些細(xi)則(ze)的(de)針對性(xing)(xing)和可操作性(xing)(xing)。

2．3加(jia)強與業主方及其他(ta)參(can)建方的溝通

監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)成績(ji)的(de)取得(de)(de),離(li)不(bu)(bu)開(kai)上級領導(dao)和業主(zhu)的(de)正確(que)指導(dao)與(yu)(yu)支持,離(li)不(bu)(bu)開(kai)承包(bao)人的(de)充分理(li)(li)(li)解與(yu)(yu)配(pei)(pei)合(he)(he),離(li)不(bu)(bu)開(kai)設計單位(wei)的(de)大力協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)。特別是業主(zhu)和設計單位(wei)的(de)支持與(yu)(yu)配(pei)(pei)合(he)(he),關系到(dao)(dao)每一項合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)施工(gong)方案(an)的(de)調(diao)整。如不(bu)(bu)能(neng)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)支持,許多好的(de)設想將不(bu)(bu)能(neng)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)貫徹執(zhi)行(xing),監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)成績(ji)也無(wu)法取得(de)(de)。監理(li)(li)(li)單位(wei)及監理(li)(li)(li)人員應通過自(zi)身努力,扎(zha)實(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),使業主(zhu)充分相信監理(li)(li)(li)、依靠監理(li)(li)(li),其(qi)他參建(jian)單位(wei)能(neng)夠積極配(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)支持監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),從而達到(dao)(dao)“三控制、兩管理(li)(li)(li)、一協(xie)調(diao)”的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。

2．4完善(shan)法律體系,規范監(jian)理市場(chang)

我(wo)國(guo)水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設(she)領(ling)域法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律體系的(de)建(jian)(jian)立(li)已取得了長(chang)足的(de)進展,但是(shi)仍(reng)存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少的(de)問題,主要表現(xian)在(zai):不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)間(jian),國(guo)家(jia)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)和地(di)(di)方性法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、部門規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)協調(diao)乃至抵觸的(de)地(di)(di)方;法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)還存(cun)在(zai)許多覆(fu)蓋(gai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)的(de)范圍(wei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律的(de)定(ding)義不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明確。例(li)(li)如(ru),我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)條例(li)(li)第三十六(liu)條規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding):“工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)應該依據法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)及有關(guan)(guan)技術標準(zhun)、設(she)計文件和建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)(cheng)包合同,代表建(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)對(dui)施工(gong)質(zhi)量實施監(jian)(jian)理(li),并對(dui)施工(gong)質(zhi)量承(cheng)(cheng)擔監(jian)(jian)理(li)責任。”必須以(yi)《合同法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》《招標投(tou)標法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》《建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)條例(li)(li)》和有關(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章為(wei)依據,培育規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范的(de)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)監(jian)(jian)理(li)市場(chang);打破地(di)(di)區保護,嚴格監(jian)(jian)理(li)市場(chang)的(de)準(zhun)入管(guan)(guan)理(li)制度,杜(du)絕(jue)監(jian)(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)無資(zi)質(zhi)或(huo)超(chao)資(zi)質(zhi)等(deng)級與(yu)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)范圍(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)攬業(ye)(ye)務(wu),杜(du)絕(jue)監(jian)(jian)理(li)人(ren)員無證上崗現(xian)象;杜(du)絕(jue)分包、轉包監(jian)(jian)理(li)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)行為(wei)。

3結語

隨著我國進一(yi)(yi)步推進改革開放(fang),監(jian)理(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)日益(yi)激(ji)烈,水(shui)利建設工程(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)行(xing)業面臨著監(jian)理(li)(li)能力(li)、監(jian)理(li)(li)技術、資本市(shi)場(chang)、工程(cheng)法律、監(jian)理(li)(li)人才等方(fang)面的(de)(de)激(ji)烈挑(tiao)戰。為此,必須加強行(xing)業內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)學習,“走出去(qu),請(qing)進來”,不斷完善現有(you)的(de)(de)工程(cheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度,強化(hua)法制(zhi)意識,努力(li)按國際(ji)慣例辦事。在守法、誠信(xin)、公正、科學的(de)(de)原(yuan)則下認真細致地做好各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)工作,力(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)使建設監(jian)理(li)(li)行(xing)業有(you)一(yi)(yi)個更加美好的(de)(de)未來。

目前,國家(jia)已將監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作提升到(dao)重要的(de)(de)(de)地位,對監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)項(xiang)目采取(qu)了質(zhi)量責任終身制。隨著(zhu)市場(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)不斷推進與市場(chang)(chang)競爭的(de)(de)(de)日趨激烈,如果(guo)沒有自(zi)己真正的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平與工作業績(ji)作后盾,要想在(zai)競爭中取(qu)勝,幾乎是不可能的(de)(de)(de)。因此,水(shui)(shui)利行業監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位應針(zhen)對自(zi)身存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti),進一步規范監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)行為,提高管(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平,以取(qu)得最佳經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益,更好地為國家(jia)工程建設(she)服務。

參考文獻

篇10

〔關鍵詞(ci)〕水利工(gong)程監理;施工(gong)階段;質量控制

1施工階段的質量控制過程

1．1施工準備(bei)階段的質量控(kong)制

在(zai)水利工(gong)程項目開工(gong)之前，監理部(bu)門就應(ying)當對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理體(ti)系(xi)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保證(zheng)體(ti)系(xi)和(he)技(ji)術管理體(ti)系(xi)進(jin)(jin)行審核，以此來確保施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。對部(bu)分能夠影響施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)相關施(shi)(shi)工(gong)設備和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)材(cai)料進(jin)(jin)行檢查，凡是(shi)不符合(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)要求的(de)(de)一律(lv)不允許(xu)使用(yong)。對于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方報送的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)場工(gong)程材(cai)料、構配件和(he)設備的(de)(de)審報表要附(fu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)證(zheng)明(ming)材(cai)料，監理部(bu)門在(zai)嚴格的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行檢驗記錄之后才允許(xu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)。此外，監理人員(yuan)還(huan)應(ying)當參(can)與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位的(de)(de)設計交底(di)會，對于(yu)設計技(ji)術會議進(jin)(jin)行簽字確認。從而從多方的(de)(de)角度完成對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)準備階段的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制。

1．2施(shi)工過(guo)程階段(duan)的質量控制

在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程階段(duan)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制主要(yao)是從兩個方面進行，①從施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程序上對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進行控制，包括對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方在(zai)改變施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設計時對(dui)其(qi)檢查，對(dui)于關鍵施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程序進行實時監測等;②對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中所(suo)需原(yuan)材料的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制，如對(dui)重要(yao)原(yuan)材料、半成(cheng)品配(pei)件(jian)等進行檢查驗收(shou)。在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制中，重點施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單元控制、全方位、動(dong)態控制是其(qi)重心(xin)所(suo)在(zai)，這點是值(zhi)得注意的。

1．3施工驗收階段(duan)的(de)質量控制

在施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)完成施工(gong)(gong)之后，監理(li)部(bu)門需要(yao)嚴格(ge)按照現(xian)有的《工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)質量驗(yan)收規范》來對施工(gong)(gong)質量進(jin)行檢查和評定(ding)。具(ju)體(ti)來說(shuo)，監理(li)人(ren)員一方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)對施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)報(bao)送的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)收質量材料進(jin)行審批，另一方(fang)面(mian)監理(li)人(ren)員也需要(yao)對施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場進(jin)行檢查，同(tong)時督(du)促施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)做好竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)資料的整(zheng)理(li)，對于工(gong)(gong)作質量不(bu)合格(ge)之處提出整(zheng)改要(yao)求，在整(zheng)改完成之后才能夠(gou)簽(qian)署竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)報(bao)驗(yan)。

2施工階(jie)段的質量控(kong)制措(cuo)施

2．1做好對(dui)技術報告的審批

技術審批是(shi)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)質量控(kong)(kong)制的(de)第一步，只有嚴格的(de)做好技術報(bao)(bao)告(gao)的(de)審批才能為(wei)質量控(kong)(kong)制奠定一個堅固的(de)基礎(chu)。在做好對技術報(bao)(bao)告(gao)審批的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，監(jian)理人(ren)員需要做到對開(kai)發商(shang)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)的(de)審批以此來確定開(kai)發商(shang)是(shi)否具(ju)備開(kai)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)格并同時(shi)進行現(xian)場監(jian)測，做好對原材(cai)料(liao)、中(zhong)間產品的(de)技術審批，材(cai)料(liao)商(shang)保(bao)證水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)質量，做好對設備制造的(de)質量檢驗報(bao)(bao)告(gao)以及對統計資(zi)料(liao)和圖紙(zhi)設計的(de)審批，從(cong)而(er)保(bao)證水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設能夠按(an)照事(shi)先的(de)計劃順利(li)進行。

2．2做好施工的質(zhi)量檢測(ce)

①建立(li)好質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)工作制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，如施工材料的(de)(de)(de)購(gou)買、儲存，保養制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)、對(dui)工作關(guan)鍵部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)驗收(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)、對(dui)原材料的(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)樣檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)等(deng);②需要制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗工作程(cheng)序，監理人員(yuan)實事求(qiu)是的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)監測(ce)。承(cheng)包商需要嚴格(ge)執行(xing)“三檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，即自己進行(xing)自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，做好檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)記錄，現(xian)場(chang)監理人員(yuan)進行(xing)現(xian)場(chang)跟蹤檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)并核定單元工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)級，聯合檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)小組對(dui)水(shui)利工程(cheng)關(guan)鍵部(bu)分進行(xing)共同檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)并參考《水(shui)利水(shui)電工程(cheng)施工質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評定規程(cheng)》和《堤防工程(cheng)施工質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)評定與驗收(shou)規程(cheng)》核定質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)級。

2．3監測人員現場跟(gen)蹤(zong)調查

沒(mei)有(you)調查(cha)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)發言權，這點是每(mei)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員應(ying)當重(zhong)視的(de)原則，因此，切實(shi)做好水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)跟蹤調查(cha)是進(jin)行質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)不可(ke)或缺的(de)一(yi)部分(fen)。監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員不僅要調查(cha)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方是否具備開(kai)工(gong)(gong)條件，更要實(shi)時的(de)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作程序、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)原材料(liao)的(de)取樣調查(cha)，只有(you)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)符合規定的(de)要求(qiu)時才(cai)能夠允許施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方進(jin)行下(xia)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，以此來預防施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)隱患(huan)，保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

2．4多種手段結(jie)合控制施(shi)工(gong)質量

雖然施(shi)工方(fang)是(shi)獨立進行施(shi)工的(de)，監(jian)(jian)理人員僅僅起到監(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)作(zuo)用，但(dan)是(shi)我(wo)們仍舊可以在發現施(shi)工問題(ti)的(de)時候以指令(ling)性文件(jian)如《施(shi)工現場(chang)指示》或者《監(jian)(jian)理通知》的(de)形(xing)式向施(shi)工方(fang)提(ti)出要(yao)(yao)求以控(kong)制施(shi)工質量。同時，采(cai)用支付(fu)手(shou)段來控(kong)制施(shi)工質量也是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)可行的(de)方(fang)法，支付(fu)簽證是(shi)業(ye)主賦予監(jian)(jian)理人員支付(fu)控(kong)制權，只有工程(cheng)簽證合格或者工程(cheng)質量達到要(yao)(yao)求的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)監(jian)(jian)理人員才能夠進行計量，簽署支付(fu)證書(shu)。

3結語