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篇1

【關鍵詞】機載顯示器;電源板;硬件選型

一、引言

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板是機(ji)(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能獲得(de)的重(zhong)要渠道，也(ye)是整機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)通訊(xun)線路(lu)中(zhong)十分關鍵的組成部分。由于(yu)機(ji)(ji)載(zai)設備(bei)使用飛機(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)提供的+28V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，屬于(yu)B類供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，在實際供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，直(zhi)流(liu)壓(ya)降(jiang)不能超過2V。因(yin)此，包(bao)括機(ji)(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)在內(nei)(nei)的一切設備(bei)都(dou)需(xu)(xu)要滿足復(fu)雜環境(jing)下的高空功能需(xu)(xu)求，加之飛機(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)部空間有限、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁環境(jing)復(fu)雜等因(yin)素，針對(dui)機(ji)(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板需(xu)(xu)要滿足體積(ji)小(xiao)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)、抗干擾能力強等特點。傳統的分立元(yuan)件電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板、直(zhi)插元(yuan)件電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板體積(ji)大、效率低下，難以滿足機(ji)(ji)載(zai)環境(jing)的需(xu)(xu)求，在上述背景(jing)下，針對(dui)機(ji)(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)硬件電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的選型(xing)也(ye)變得(de)較為苛刻。

二、機(ji)載顯示器電(dian)源板硬(ying)件選型(xing)與分(fen)析(xi)

一般來說，機載顯示(shi)器電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)的(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)布板(ban)順序依次為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路模(mo)塊、濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路模(mo)塊、抗(kang)浪(lang)涌(yong)模(mo)塊、電(dian)(dian)壓轉(zhuan)換模(mo)塊，此(ci)外，還有保(bao)證瞬間供電(dian)(dian)的(de)鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)路。因此(ci)，在具體的(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)選型中，需要對上述模(mo)塊部分進(jin)行詳細分析。

（一）保(bao)護電路(lu)模塊

保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)塊(kuai)是(shi)飛機(ji)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出+28V信號接(jie)入機(ji)載顯示器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板時(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)通過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一個硬(ying)件模(mo)塊(kuai)，也(ye)是(shi)整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)部(bu)分(fen)，當(dang)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)出現過(guo)載或(huo)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)時(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)塊(kuai)能(neng)夠起(qi)到(dao)關斷(duan)(duan)+28V信號與(yu)機(ji)載顯示器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板后(hou)續電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)聯(lian)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，從而保(bao)(bao)證整(zheng)塊(kuai)機(ji)載顯示器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板不(bu)被(bei)燒毀。在具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件模(mo)塊(kuai)選型(xing)中，通常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心硬(ying)件。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)也(ye)被(bei)稱為(wei)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)，它還在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)異(yi)常(chang)升高到(dao)一定(ding)程度(du)時(shi)(shi)，自身熔斷(duan)(duan)切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，以起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)效應(ying)。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值需要(yao)大(da)于整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則會中斷(duan)(duan)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)工作(zuo);同時(shi)(shi)，又(you)不(bu)能(neng)過(guo)大(da)，否則起(qi)不(bu)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。例如，整(zheng)個產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1.8A，我們可以選擇(ze)4A的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)。可選擇(ze)littlefuse公(gong)司生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)4A的(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)。該公(gong)司產(chan)品(pin)性能(neng)完全能(neng)夠滿足機(ji)載顯示器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護需求。此外(wai)，在保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模(mo)塊(kuai)中，還需要(yao)外(wai)接(jie)一些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、二極管(guan)元(yuan)件，此類(lei)元(yuan)件并沒有(you)過(guo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件選型(xing)要(yao)求，一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)常(chang)規標(biao)準即可。

（二）濾波電路(lu)模塊

為了使(shi)機(ji)載(zai)(zai)顯示器(qi)獲得更為平滑的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流信號(hao)(hao)，通常(chang)需要(yao)采(cai)用濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路將(jiang)輸入信號(hao)(hao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流諧波(bo)(bo)成分(fen)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)除。此(ci)(ci)外，由機(ji)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)信號(hao)(hao)過(guo)多，利用濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)EMC特(te)性，可從源(yuan)頭堵住外界(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)信號(hao)(hao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)，從而(er)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)信號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)穩定。在具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)選(xuan)型中(zhong)，可選(xuan)擇RF2575濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)，并外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感等(deng)(deng)元(yuan)件(jian)，構(gou)成整體(ti)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路模塊(kuai)。RF2575是一種高規(gui)格、高質量，適合(he)軍用設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)元(yuan)件(jian)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠起到有(you)(you)效抑制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路差模噪(zao)聲、共模噪(zao)聲的(de)(de)(de)作用，此(ci)(ci)外，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)除輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)諧波(bo)(bo)成分(fen)，完全滿足機(ji)載(zai)(zai)顯示器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)需求(qiu)。此(ci)(ci)外，為保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)瞬間(jian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)穩定性，在濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)模塊(kuai)與后(hou)續電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路之間(jian)，應引入固態鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)。具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)連接方式為：將(jiang)固態鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)接在+28V輸入信號(hao)(hao)與GND之間(jian)。在選(xuan)型中(zhong)應考慮：固態鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)型必須應符合(he)GJB相關要(yao)求(qiu)。例如，可選(xuan)擇株洲(zhou)宏達電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子有(you)(you)限公司(si)生產的(de)(de)(de)GAK38T-50V9000UF-K型號(hao)(hao)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)。該元(yuan)件(jian)使(shi)用溫度范圍為：-55℃～125℃;最大耐壓(ya)值為50V。采(cai)用激光焊接，全鉭(tan)結構(gou)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠承受3V的(de)(de)(de)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，具有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)優良、穩定可靠、體(ti)積小、抗輻射能(neng)(neng)(neng)力強等(deng)(deng)特(te)點，十分(fen)適合(he)機(ji)載(zai)(zai)顯示器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板的(de)(de)(de)安裝。

（三）抗浪涌模塊

機載(zai)顯示器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)工(gong)(gong)作中，會(hui)(hui)有直流(liu)瞬態浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)產(chan)生，由此(ci)會(hui)(hui)引發(fa)過壓(ya)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)脈沖。如不加規避，過高的(de)浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可能會(hui)(hui)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)元件(jian)，例如，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等，使得整塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)受(shou)到損傷或(huo)失(shi)效。因(yin)此(ci)，在機載(zai)環境中，需要(yao)設置抗浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)模塊(kuai)，對浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進行控制。為(wei)(wei)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)可靠性(xing)、安(an)全性(xing)，在具體的(de)模塊(kuai)選(xuan)型(xing)中，應(ying)優先考慮質(zhi)量好、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能優良的(de)硬件(jian)模塊(kuai)。例如，可選(xuan)擇GAIA公司(si)生產(chan)的(de)PGDS50-50-0-K/T抗浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)模塊(kuai)。GAIA公司(si)成(cheng)立(li)于90年代初，是全球知名的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊(kuai)設計供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)，其產(chan)品被(bei)廣泛應(ying)用于航空航天(tian)、軍事(shi)市場，因(yin)此(ci)，產(chan)品質(zhi)量值(zhi)得信賴。而選(xuan)擇PGDS50-50-0-K/T模塊(kuai)的(de)原因(yin)不僅僅是因(yin)為(wei)(wei)GAIA公司(si)的(de)“大牌效應(ying)”，更重要(yao)的(de)是，看中該模塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)突出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能。首(shou)先，PGDS50-50-0-K/T模塊(kuai)符(fu)合(he)MIL-STD-704標準，輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)28VDC，恰好符(fu)合(he)飛機發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)入(ru)信號+28V的(de)要(yao)求。其次，PGDS50-50-0-K/T的(de)溫度范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)-40℃～105℃;輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)50W;并具有集(ji)成(cheng)LC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干(gan)擾濾波、永久(jiu)短路(lu)保護、輸(shu)出(chu)可調、遙(yao)控補(bu)償、輸(shu)入(ru)欠壓(ya)鎖定等功(gong)能，是一(yi)款高組合(he)式瞬態/尖峰浪(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)抑制模塊(kuai)，完全滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)的(de)應(ying)用需求。

（四）電(dian)壓轉(zhuan)換(huan)模塊(kuai)

由于機(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)器的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：+5V-+28V，因(yin)此(ci)，在整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)板中，還需(xu)設置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)轉換(huan)(huan)模塊(kuai)(kuai)，將+28V的輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)信號穩定在機(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)器的額(e)定供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)之間。在具體的選(xuan)件選(xuan)型中，可選(xuan)擇Vicor公司生產的Micro系列(lie)DC-DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)轉換(huan)(huan)器模塊(kuai)(kuai)。以供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)+5V為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例，可選(xuan)擇型號為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)V28C5M50BL的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉換(huan)(huan)器，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣特性(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)+28V;輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)+5V;封裝形式為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Micro型;輸(shu)(shu)出功(gong)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)50W;溫控(kong)范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-55℃～100℃;引(yin)腳形式為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)引(yin)腳/含鉛(qian)。此(ci)外，V28C5M50BL還具有輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)封鎖、輸(shu)(shu)出過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護、過熱關斷等特性(xing)，并采用高頻ZCS/ZVS開關技術，因(yin)此(ci)，模塊(kuai)(kuai)在保(bao)持(chi)高功(gong)率密度和效率的同時，噪聲卻十分低，完全滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)板的工作需(xu)求。綜上所(suo)述，機(ji)載(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)板的主要硬件選(xuan)型如(ru)表1所(suo)示(shi)：

表1 硬件選型表

名(ming)稱 生產廠商 型號

保險管 littlefuse公司(si) 4A玻(bo)璃保險管

濾波模塊(kuai) RFI RF2575

固態鉭電容 株洲宏達電子有(you)限公(gong)司 GAK38T-50V9000UF-K

抗浪涌模塊 GAIA公司 PGDS50-50-0-K/T

電壓轉換模塊 Vicor公司 V28C5M50BL

三、結束語

本文對機載顯示(shi)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)的(de)硬(ying)件(jian)選(xuan)型作了探(tan)究(jiu)，并(bing)給出了主要器(qi)件(jian)的(de)選(xuan)型規(gui)格。由于機載顯示(shi)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)結(jie)構較為復雜，一些(xie)電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)容、電(dian)(dian)感等小元器(qi)件(jian)的(de)選(xuan)型并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)(you)做深(shen)入(ru)研(yan)究(jiu)，因此，本課題的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)仍(reng)有(you)(you)待進一步深(shen)入(ru)。

參考文獻

篇2

【關鍵詞】MACH2;風扇(shan);散熱器

1.引言

電(dian)源板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)是(shi)直流(liu)(liu)換流(liu)(liu)站控制保護系(xi)統使用最多的板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)，起(qi)作(zuo)用是(shi)為控制保護系(xi)統其(qi)他(ta)工作(zuo)設備供電(dian)。傳統的電(dian)源板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)使用風扇(shan)(shan)為板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)散熱，雖然(ran)散熱效(xiao)果較好(hao)，但(dan)由于(yu)風扇(shan)(shan)長期運轉，運行壽命(ming)一般較短，且風扇(shan)(shan)發生故障停轉時(shi)，無法監(jian)視，最終(zhong)導致板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)溫度過高(gao)引起(qi)更為嚴(yan)重的故障。

PS891型電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)卡是MACH2控制保護系(xi)統的電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)卡，以(yi)龍(long)泉換流站為例(li)，2012年由ABB公(gong)司提供的PS891電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)卡故障頻繁，其中出(chu)(chu)(chu)現大范圍的電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)卡過熱故障及板(ban)(ban)卡監視節點(dian)故障，危及現場(chang)安全生產。ABB廠(chang)家對(dui)(dui)現有在運的PS891板(ban)(ban)卡可靠性(xing)低的問題，未能給出(chu)(chu)(chu)有效的解(jie)決方法。龍(long)泉換流站在運的PS891板(ban)(ban)卡總數超過1500塊，采(cai)用技改方式對(dui)(dui)全部PS891板(ban)(ban)卡進行更換，成本高(gao)，耗時長(chang)。故現場(chang)急需找出(chu)(chu)(chu)一種能夠快(kuai)速(su)提高(gao)原有PS891板(ban)(ban)卡可靠性(xing)的方法[1-2]。

2.電源板(ban)卡故障(zhang)原因

通過對龍(long)泉換流站(zhan)PS891電源(yuan)板卡(ka)(ka)故障情況(kuang)進行統計后(hou)發(fa)現，超(chao)過80%的(de)PS891電源(yuan)板卡(ka)(ka)故障均由(you)板卡(ka)(ka)溫度(du)高引起。

傳統PS891電源板(ban)卡使用風(feng)(feng)扇進行扇熱，雖然有較好的(de)散(san)熱效果，但風(feng)(feng)扇容易發生故障，另外由于空氣流(liu)動頻繁，板(ban)卡積灰也非常嚴重(zhong)，如圖(tu)1所示。

風(feng)扇轉速隨著風(feng)扇壽(shou)命逐(zhu)年下(xia)降，其散熱效果也(ye)逐(zhu)年降低。而PS891電源板(ban)卡(ka)自身的自診斷功能無法檢測風(feng)扇的運(yun)行狀況，這(zhe)樣往(wang)往(wang)導致(zhi)板(ban)卡(ka)過熱，甚至板(ban)卡(ka)元(yuan)器件損壞。PS891電源板(ban)卡(ka)使用風(feng)扇進行散熱，這(zhe)一不合(he)理的設(she)計，是(shi)導致(zhi)PS891電源板(ban)卡(ka)，壽(shou)命較(jiao)短且故障頻(pin)發的原因。

3.散熱(re)器散熱(re)方式

PS891電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板卡(ka)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓直流110V，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓4V，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率為40W，其發(fa)(fa)熱量并不是(shi)很大。對(dui)風扇已經(jing)停運的(de)故障PS891電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板卡(ka)進行紅外(wai)測溫(wen)后發(fa)(fa)現，無風扇散熱情況下，PS891電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板卡(ka)工作溫(wen)度(du)在70度(du)左右(you)。考慮到以上(shang)因(yin)素，本(ben)文使用翅(chi)片散熱器作為風扇散熱的(de)替代(dai)方案，如圖2，圖3所示[3]。

圖1 風扇散熱式PS891電源(yuan)板卡

圖(tu)2 PS891電源(yuan)板(ban)散(san)熱示意圖(tu)

圖3 散熱器(qi)散熱式PS891電(dian)源板卡

為了(le)進一(yi)步驗證散熱器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)散熱效(xiao)果(guo)，使(shi)用THERMAX公司的(de)(de)(de)10格(ge)溫(wen)(wen)度試紙對(dui)散熱器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)度進行跟蹤。溫(wen)(wen)度試紙共10格(ge)，當散熱器(qi)溫(wen)(wen)度達到一(yi)定時，試紙的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)應溫(wen)(wen)度格(ge)會變為黑色，如圖4所示。

圖4

4.總結

將(jiang)經(jing)過(guo)散(san)(san)熱器(qi)改(gai)造(zao)后(hou)的(de)板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)進(jin)行(xing)是運行(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)，經(jing)過(guo)一個月的(de)時間發現PS891電源板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)溫度在50度左(zuo)右，板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)工(gong)作穩(wen)定。將(jiang)板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)放在龍(long)泉換(huan)(huan)流站(zhan)進(jin)行(xing)現場試(shi)運行(xing)，共(gong)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)30塊(kuai)，經(jing)過(guo)半年多的(de)時間，其溫度均(jun)在50度，散(san)(san)熱效果達到板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)工(gong)作要求。目前，龍(long)泉換(huan)(huan)流站(zhan)，江(jiang)陵換(huan)(huan)流站(zhan)已經(jing)開始大規(gui)模的(de)板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)散(san)(san)熱器(qi)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)工(gong)作，已經(jing)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)(huan)散(san)(san)熱器(qi)的(de)電源板(ban)(ban)卡(ka)為(wei)在發生故(gu)障。

參考文獻

[1]沈(shen)志(zhi)剛，汪道勇.MACH2系統(tong)在高壓直流輸電(dian)中的(de)應(ying)用[J].高電(dian)壓技術，2006（09）.

[2]俞曉(xiao)冬(dong)，王麗(li)麗(li)，戴迪(di).MACH2控制(zhi)保護系(xi)統冗余性研究(jiu)及其可用性分析(xi)[J].電子世界，2012（17）.

篇3

以XX0380R為(wei)核心(xin)元件構成的開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，具(ju)有(you)電(dian)(dian)路簡捷、保護措施完善等(deng)優點，被金泰(tai)克(ke)KT-D8320F、通達TDR-6000S、海克(ke)威HC-2000、中(zhong)大(da)WS-9618、九洲DVS-398E等(deng)眾多品(pin)牌(pai)數字機采用。在該類開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的檢修實踐(jian)中(zhong)，發現有(you)時受(shou)損開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發出(chu)“吱吱”聲的故障(zhang)，但故障(zhang)部位(wei)并不完全相(xiang)同。現以金泰(tai)克(ke)KT-D8320F數字機開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)為(wei)例(li)，簡述之。（圖為(wei)金泰(tai)克(ke)KT-D8320F數字機開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)路原理(li)圖）

[例1] 開機無任(ren)何顯示，可聽到開關電(dian)源發(fa)出的“吱吱”聲(sheng)。

打開機蓋(gai)，先測(ce)量開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，各(ge)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均明顯偏(pian)低(di)，下降幅度約(yue)為正常(chang)值的一(yi)半，拔(ba)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板與主(zhu)板的連線，查(cha)各(ge)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出端(duan)無短路故障。根據(ju)檢修經驗，開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)各(ge)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)低(di)，判斷(duan)故障可(ke)能發生在取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)反(fan)饋網絡(luo)，于是重點對N2（PC817）、IC3（TL431）及元(yuan)件進行了檢查(cha)，當更換IC2（PC817）后，故障排除。

[例(li)2] 開機無任何顯示，可聽到(dao)開關(guan)電(dian)源發出的“吱吱”聲。

實測開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源各組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，12V組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正常，其他各組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均比正常值偏低(di)。拔下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板與主板的連線，故(gu)障依舊，說明故(gu)障應發(fa)生在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源板。查(cha)(cha)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓反饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路未發(fa)現異(yi)常。后(hou)(hou)測量N1（5M0380R）各引腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)發(fa)現其③腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發(fa)出(chu)“吱(zhi)吱(zhi)”聲而不(bu)停變動(dong)，于是對5M0380R③腳外(wai)接的C7、R2、R3、D2等元件進行檢查(cha)(cha)，發(fa)現R3（20Ω）已(yi)斷路，更換R3后(hou)(hou)，接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源試收，故(gu)障排(pai)除(chu)。

數字機開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)發出的“吱(zhi)吱(zhi)”聲，說明其振蕩頻率已降至聲頻范圍，電(dian)路中存在故障。通過上述(shu)實例及平時對(dui)該類(lei)(lei)開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)的維修(xiu)經(jing)驗，對(dui)該類(lei)(lei)開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)可能引起(qi)此類(lei)(lei)故障現(xian)象(xiang)的原因(yin)歸納(na)總結(jie)如(ru)下：

1、負載過重。一般(ban)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是電源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端或與(yu)(yu)電源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端連(lian)接的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)部(bu)分電路(lu)(lu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障，為了確定(ding)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障的(de)(de)(de)范圍，可(ke)先斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電源(yuan)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)線。當斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)連(lian)線時，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)恢復正常，則說(shuo)明短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障發(fa)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)相關(guan)電路(lu)(lu)，如斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)電源(yuan)板(ban)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)線后故障依(yi)舊，則短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障發(fa)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)電路(lu)(lu)中。但無(wu)論短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障發(fa)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)還是在(zai)(zai)(zai)電源(yuan)板(ban)，只需在(zai)(zai)(zai)斷(duan)電的(de)(de)(de)情況下，用萬用表測量相關(guan)電路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)阻值，即可(ke)很容易確定(ding)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)部(bu)位，進而(er)查出(chu)(chu)(chu)受損元件。

篇4

【關鍵詞】變頻器 應用 故障 對策(ce)

【中圖分類號】F231 【文(wen)獻標識碼(ma)】A 【文(wen)章編(bian)號】1672-5158（2012）11-0383-01

一、引言

近年來(lai)，變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)在我國的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業企業中的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)越來(lai)越普遍(bian)，也(ye)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)一定(ding)的(de)(de)優越性(xing)，不僅調速(su)平滑，范(fan)圍大、效率高、啟(qi)動電流小、運行平穩(wen)；如我公司(si)鍋爐(lu)車間冷渣(zha)機(ji)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)，能(neng)夠根據熱工(gong)(gong)數據采(cai)集，鍋爐(lu)床壓的(de)(de)設定(ding)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)自(zi)動控制(zhi)，促進(jin)鍋爐(lu)燃燒的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)，提高了(le)燃燒效率，但由于受到(dao)環境、使用(yong)(yong)年限、以及人為操(cao)作等因素，影響變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命大為降低，同(tong)時也(ye)出現(xian)(xian)了(le)各種故障；本文(wen)結(jie)合自(zi)己的(de)(de)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作經驗，在使用(yong)(yong)富士變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)時遇到(dao)的(de)(de)問(wen)題給(gei)予相應處理對策。

二、主電路

1、主電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端(duan)子如(ru)圖所示：主電(dian)(dian)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端(duan)子通過線(xian)路(lu)保(bao)(bao)護用無(wu)熔絲斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)（MCCB），斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)容量選為(wei)變頻器(qi)(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)流的(de)1.5-2倍之間，連接至三相電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，為(wei)了使變頻器(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護動作時(shi)切(qie)除電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中連接一個電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)接觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)。為(wei)了防止電(dian)(dian)網尖峰脈沖輸入(ru)時(shi)，大電(dian)(dian)流流人輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)回(hui)路(lu)而(er)損(sun)壞整流部分元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件，在輸入(ru)側(ce)接入(ru)交流電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)（ACL），同(tong)時(shi)也可改善(shan)輸入(ru)側(ce)的(de)功率因數，連接濾波器(qi)(qi)（EMI）可以減小對周(zhou)圍(wei)設備的(de)干擾。

2、常遇到的問題：

1）送電跳(tiao)(tiao)閘(zha)：國內很多用戶誤將（N_）作為接(jie)地線連(lian)接(jie)，這(zhe)樣(yang)一送電，空氣斷路器(qi)將跳(tiao)(tiao)閘(zha)。

2）如果在運行中(zhong)突然(ran)發生故障(zhang)，顯示“Fus”說明變頻器內部有短路發生，由于環境噪(zao)音，造成(cheng)門極觸發脈沖，誤觸發信號線前加(jia)噪(zao)聲限波器，以防干擾。

3）自(zi)整定不良。變(bian)頻器(qi)會顯示(shi)“Er7”報警信(xin)號(hao)，使(shi)其報警有(you)兩種可能：a）使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環(huan)境太臟，變(bian)頻器(qi)內部有(you)一個用(yong)(yong)來短(duan)接(jie)充電電阻的接(jie)觸器(qi)沒有(you)吸合好，當負載(zai)運行至(zhi)二(er)十幾赫(he)茲時(shi)，將會跳(tiao)“Er7”報警，一般更換或用(yong)(yong)細砂紙打磨觸頭(tou)接(jie)觸良好即(ji)可。b）主回路根本沒有(you)得電，接(jie)觸器(qi)并未(wei)吸合，當做自(zi)整定時(shi)，會跳(tiao)“Er7”報警。

三、控制回路常見(jian)的問(wen)題(ti)有

1、“Erl”指存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)異常，解決辦法是更換新的控制面板。

2、“Er2”指面板通信異常，有兩種可能的情況：一是(shi)操作面板壞導(dao)致，更換(huan)新(xin)(xin)面板；二是(shi)控(kong)制板壞，換(huan)新(xin)(xin)控(kong)制板。

3、“OC”過電流報警。送電顯(xian)(xian)示過流和(he)按起動顯(xian)(xian)示過流的情況是(shi)不一樣的，用(yong)戶需加以區(qu)別(bie)對待。

四、驅動電路(lu)：生產運行當中。覺的問題主要有以下(xia)幾種情況

 1、電(dian)機抖動。這是三相輸(shu)出電(dian)壓不平衡造成的(de)，需要更(geng)換(huan)新的(de)電(dian)源板(ban)。

2、通電(dian)(dian)以后無(wu)顯示(shi)，這是電(dian)(dian)源板上的開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源壞，需要更換新的電(dian)(dian)源板解決。

3、對于IPM模塊壞(huai)。由(you)于驅動(dong)(dong)電路(lu)和(he)模塊一體，遇(yu)到電機(ji)抖動(dong)(dong)也可能是模塊壞(huai)。

4、控(kong)制板(ban)(ban)上端子(zi)不能執行命(ming)令，給定的(de)命(ming)令，電(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)(ban)沒有給控(kong)制板(ban)(ban)正(zheng)常供電(dian)，需更換新的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)(ban)。

五(wu)、現場常(chang)見的問題：

1、變(bian)頻器過載。電機(ji)負載是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)過大(da)，如(ru)果(guo)負載大(da)可考慮增大(da)變(bian)頻器容量(liang)或者減少負載，檢查(cha)冷(leng)渣器是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)機(ji)械卡(ka)塞，星形擺線減速機(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)缺油，及偏心軸承是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)損(sun)壞等。合理(li)設(she)置恒轉矩特性參(can)數(shu)，根據現場工(gong)作經驗(yan)，設(she)為2.0為好。

2、變頻器(qi)和電(dian)動機之間(jian)配線很長(chang)時(shi)，由于線問分布電(dian)容產生較大的高頻電(dian)流(liu)，可能造成變頻器(qi)過電(dian)流(liu)跳閘，另外、漏電(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)加，電(dian)流(liu)值的指示精度會變差，所以，在配線很長(chang)時(shi)，在輸出(chu)側靠近(jin)變頻器(qi)的一(yi)端連接OFL濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)。

3、送電(dian)顯示過(guo)流(liu)，是(shi)(shi)霍爾(er)檢測(ce)元件(jian)壞(huai)(huai)，簡單的(de)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)霍爾(er)元件(jian)同檢測(ce)元件(jian)分離(li)，送電(dian)不再(zai)跳過(guo)流(liu)報(bao)警，則是(shi)(shi)霍爾(er)元件(jian)壞(huai)(huai)。還有(you)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)源板壞(huai)(huai)，也會導(dao)致一送電(dian)顯示過(guo)流(liu)。起動顯示過(guo)流(liu)，對于采用IPM模塊(kuai)的(de)變頻(pin)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)模塊(kuai)壞(huai)(huai)了(le)，需要換新的(de)模塊(kuai)即可(ke)解決(jue)。

4、“OH”散熱片過熱報(bao)警(jing)，這里要求使(shi)用(yong)環境干(gan)凈，通(tong)風(feng)良好，溫(wen)度適宜(yi)，檢查(cha)風(feng)扇是否轉，不(bu)轉導致(zhi)散熱片過熱報(bao)警(jing)，再就是控制(zhi)(zhi)板誤(wu)報(bao)警(jing)，需要更換新的控制(zhi)(zhi)板即可。

5、變頻器(qi)沒有(you)電源，用萬用表(biao)測(ce)3、4兩點是否有(you)0-IOV電壓信號，若沒有(you)，找熱(re)工(gong)人員查找原(yuan)因。

6、為(wei)了安全和減少噪(zao)音，變頻器(qi)的接(jie)(jie)地(di)端子必須良好接(jie)(jie)地(di)，為(wei)防止電擊和火(huo)警事故，電氣(qi)設(she)備的金屬外殼(ke)和框架(jia)均應按(an)照國(guo)家電氣(qi)規(gui)程(cheng)要(yao)求接(jie)(jie)地(di)，接(jie)(jie)地(di)線要(yao)粗(cu)而短，變頻器(qi)系(xi)統應連接(jie)(jie)專用接(jie)(jie)地(di)極。

7、采(cai)用DCS控(kong)制的(de)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)，一定要把量程關到10%以下，否則，變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)過(guo)載，無法啟(qi)動。

篇5

那(nei)么(me)如(ru)何在(zai)高校(xiao)校(xiao)園這個特殊(shu)的環境下，經(jing)營(ying)好校(xiao)園電腦維修店呢?筆者(zhe)作為營(ying)銷專業的學生，同時也(ye)作為經(jing)常去電腦維修店修電腦的消(xiao)費者(zhe)，通過(guo)深(shen)入的觀察和思考，認為以下四(si)點(dian)對經(jing)營(ying)好校(xiao)園電腦維修店至(zhi)關重要。

一、選一個好的(de)店址。

根據筆(bi)者的觀察，一(yi)般(ban)來說，開在宿舍樓群旁邊最為理想。

這是因為，現在大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)的時(shi)間(jian)觀念都(dou)很強。電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)也日益成(cheng)為一(yi)種(zhong)隨(sui)時(shi)都(dou)需要用，日常學(xue)習和(he)生(sheng)活必不可少(shao)的設(she)備，因而大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)們都(dou)喜(xi)歡能夠就近省時(shi)的將電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)修(xiu)好(hao)。所(suo)以(yi)，選擇在宿(su)舍樓群(qun)旁(pang)開立(li)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)維(wei)修(xiu)店(dian)，可以(yi)有(you)效的接近目標客戶群(qun)，獲得(de)很多(duo)的維(wei)修(xiu)業務。筆者(zhe)所(suo)在宿(su)舍樓旁(pang)的電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)維(wei)修(xiu)店(dian)，每次當(dang)筆者(zhe)去修(xiu)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)的時(shi)候(hou)，總有(you)同學(xue)帶著電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)來(lai)修(xiu)。或者(zhe)來(lai)取走電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)。

二、建立(li)良好的校園(yuan)社區關系(xi)。

在選好(hao)(hao)址后(hou)，電(dian)腦(nao)維修店就進入校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)了，也就成為(wei)了校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)社(she)區(qu)的一戶，此時(shi)建立起良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)社(she)區(qu)關(guan)系就顯得很(hen)重要。

首(shou)先，高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)后(hou)勤物業部門掌握著進(jin)入(ru)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園市(shi)場的(de)“準入(ru)證”，因(yin)而爭取高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)后(hou)勤的(de)支持，是進(jin)入(ru)高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)市(shi)場的(de)前(qian)提(ti)。由于(yu)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園電腦維(wei)修店能夠(gou)給(gei)學生帶(dai)來極大的(de)便利，因(yin)而高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是歡迎校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外電腦維(wei)修公(gong)司進(jin)入(ru)的(de)。

然后(hou)，在進(jin)入(ru)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)后(hou)，建(jian)立并維(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)一個(ge)良好的(de)(de)社區關系(xi)(xi)(xi)，關系(xi)(xi)(xi)到電腦維(wei)修店(dian)(dian)能否在校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)里實行長(chang)期(qi)經營。電腦維(wei)修店(dian)(dian)進(jin)入(ru)到校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)園(yuan)，一般(ban)都(dou)要(yao)利用學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)電力(li)和(he)網(wang)絡設(she)施，和(he)高校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宿舍管(guan)理(li)部門聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)很多，因(yin)而(er)保持(chi)良好的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)，在日常經營中積極配(pei)合高校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相關部門的(de)(de)工作(zuo)就顯得特(te)別(bie)重要(yao)。

此外(wai)，同學生的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)也很重要(yao)(yao)。因為(wei)(wei)學校的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體是學生，學生的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見往往會左右校方，因而要(yao)(yao)盡(jin)量避免和學生發生不(bu)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)糾紛，電腦維(wei)修店要(yao)(yao)誠信經營，而且要(yao)(yao)有(you)服務學生的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識，把(ba)自(zi)己(ji)作為(wei)(wei)校園(yuan)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個服務單位，建立(li)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)校園(yuan)社區關(guan)系(xi)。

三、贏得(de)學(xue)生的(de)信任。

由于學(xue)生是(shi)(shi)校園(yuan)電腦維(wei)修(xiu)店的(de)主要客戶，因而贏得(de)學(xue)生的(de)信任，是(shi)(shi)維(wei)修(xiu)店經營成功的(de)關鍵。根據筆者(zhe)的(de)觀察和思(si)考，維(wei)修(xiu)店可以從(cong)以下幾個方面(mian)加強。

首先，店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面布(bu)置要體(ti)現出(chu)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的專業(ye)性(xing)。這通過企業(ye)營業(ye)執照等證明要公示，店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面墻壁張貼維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的經營業(ye)務范圍(wei)以及(ji)張貼一(yi)些(xie)電腦保(bao)養小貼士(shi)等細節地方來體(ti)現。筆者和周圍(wei)同學們最經常去的一(yi)個(ge)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其在店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)醒(xing)目位置把(ba)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)員的從業(ye)證和相(xiang)關簡歷證明貼出(chu)，這樣(yang)一(yi)進門就能給(gei)學生建立起一(yi)種信任(ren)感(gan)。

然后，提供(gong)電腦(nao)(nao)維修(xiu)(xiu)服務的質(zhi)量很重要。這是基本功，不應該經常出現電腦(nao)(nao)修(xiu)(xiu)了又(you)壞(huai)，不斷(duan)壞(huai)的情況。要通(tong)過高質(zhi)量的服務，讓學生覺得(de)這是個高水平的值(zhi)得(de)信(xin)任的維修(xiu)(xiu)店。

第(di)三(san)，和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)做(zuo)朋友。上面談到的(de)(de)(de)前兩點一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)電腦(nao)維修(xiu)(xiu)店都可以(yi)做(zuo)到，但要(yao)做(zuo)到第(di)三(san)點就不容易了。關鍵在于店員要(yao)有(you)這個意(yi)識，做(zuo)到其(qi)實也不難(nan)。只需(xu)要(yao)平(ping)常多用(yong)點心，平(ping)時對學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)收(shou)取的(de)(de)(de)維修(xiu)(xiu)服務(wu)費用(yong)能少(shao)則少(shao)一(yi)點，維修(xiu)(xiu)一(yi)些(xie)小的(de)(de)(de)毛病可以(yi)不收(shou)錢，沒事多和學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聊聊天(tian)，多給學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)講些(xie)電腦(nao)保養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識等等，通(tong)過小事的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累，就可以(yi)贏(ying)得(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)信任，讓(rang)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)喜歡來(lai)這種維修(xiu)(xiu)店。

四、樹立(li)一個好的口碑。

高校學(xue)生多集中(zhong)生活在(zai)一(yi)起，彼此(ci)間信息(xi)溝通傳(chuan)播得很快。同學(xue)們平時在(zai)做事情(qing)之前，都會(hui)(hui)向周圍的同學(xue)征(zheng)求些(xie)意(yi)見，好的口碑(bei)和壞的口碑(bei)都會(hui)(hui)被(bei)廣泛傳(chuan)播，因(yin)而校園(yuan)電腦維修店應該主動的爭取為(wei)自己樹立一(yi)個好的口碑(bei)。

舉些例子來說，筆(bi)(bi)者所在寢室(shi)的一室(shi)友，去(qu)(qu)校(xiao)內一電腦維(wei)修(xiu)店修(xiu)過電腦后，向我們抱怨那個維(wei)修(xiu)店收費太貴，態度(du)又不(bu)(bu)好。這樣的直(zhi)接(jie)后果就是筆(bi)(bi)者要選修(xiu)電腦的地(di)方時(shi)，就直(zhi)接(jie)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)考慮那個維(wei)修(xiu)店了，由此(ci)可見口碑的影響之大(da)。

篇6

關鍵詞：CDC-16型道岔搗固車(che)；搗固裝置；起(qi)道鉤(gou)；常見電氣故障(zhang)；

中圖分類號(hao)：U273 文(wen)獻(xian)標識碼：A 文(wen)章編號(hao)：1674-3520（2015）-01-00-02

CDC-16搗(dao)固(gu)(gu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)由4組(zu)(zu)搗(dao)固(gu)(gu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)部件(jian)組(zu)(zu)成，每一組(zu)(zu)搗(dao)固(gu)(gu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)4只搗(dao)固(gu)(gu)鎬(hao)組(zu)(zu)成，2組(zu)(zu)外側搗(dao)固(gu)(gu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)可通過懸(xuan)臂側向旋轉(zhuan)到(dao)軌道上(shang)，起(qi)道鉤可作用在鋼軌上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)起(qi)道、抄平作業(ye)。

CDC-16型道岔搗固(gu)(gu)(gu)車通過電路板EK-1AP4控制(zhi)搗固(gu)(gu)(gu)裝(zhuang)置的搗固(gu)(gu)(gu)作業(ye)(ye)，四片搗固(gu)(gu)(gu)架安裝(zhuang)有4個(ge)深度(du)傳感器(qi)將測(ce)量(liang)的數據(ju)顯示(shi)在(zai)B23箱多路顯示(shi)器(qi)上(shang)。我們可(ke)以通過調節電路板來調試搗固(gu)(gu)(gu)裝(zhuang)置的作業(ye)(ye)位置和提升、下插(cha)速度(du)。

1、深度傳感器的基(ji)本調(diao)整：

搗(dao)固頭(tou)在鎖(suo)定位置，四個(ge)深度傳感(gan)器的輸出值，均要調到8.9V～9V。

如(ru)果其輸出值(zhi)不對，通(tong)過調節鋼弦的固定點來使其輸出值(zhi)達到標準。

2、深度給定(ding)電位器的調整（23f15/23f1A）

⑴深(shen)度(du)給定電位器(qi)調0把23f15/23f1A撥為000，調23f15/23f1A-p3使(shi)多路檢測(ce)F15/F1A顯(xian)示0。

⑵深度給定(ding)為300時的(de)電位器調整

置23f15/23f1A=300mm，調23f15/23f1A-P1電位器(qi)，使多路檢(jian)測(ce)F15/F1A為+7.5V。

⑶深(shen)度(du)給定為399時的電位器(qi)調(diao)整（最大）

置(zhi)23f15/23f1A=399mm，調23f15/23f1A-p2電位器，使(shi)多路檢測F15/F1A為+9.975V。

搗(dao)固裝置各位置參數的調整(zheng)

P1：搗固裝(zhuang)置的零位調節，是鋼軌面(mian)距搗鎬鎬掌上(shang)沿15mm～20mm，--0.POS

P13：搗固裝(zhuang)置下(xia)降到399mm的調節―MAX

P21：搗固裝置深度給定理論(lun)值放大倍數(shu)的(de)效(xiao)正―K

5）搗固裝置(zhi)的(de)上止位的(de)調整：

P22：上止位(wei)1是―0.POS以(yi)上200mm

P23：上止位2是(shi)―0.POS以上75mm

6）積分時間的調整：

P3、P5、P6及開關(guan)b1用(yong)于積分放大的調整，P5、P6在出廠時已被調好，不能被改變，必要時P3調到(dao)47KΩ/2

7）電位器P20和(he)P24在出廠(chang)時(shi)已被校準(zhun)，必須(xu)不能被改變。

3、四個搗(dao)固(gu)單元(yuan)單獨調整上(shang)述各項(xiang)內容(rong)，最后(hou)再微(wei)調，達到四個搗(dao)固(gu)、單元(yuan)的動作(zuo)同(tong)步一致，平穩無沖(chong)擊。

起道鉤(gou)控制系統的調(diao)試

1.在工作時，起道鉤的下(xia)降(jiang)可以通過(guo)調整 23f1/23f2/23f3/23f4深度給定(ding)電位器來無(wu)級的調節；兩個基本位置可通過(guo)23b1/23b2預選軌(gui)底或軌(gui)頭(tou)；

2.鉤子在最上位(wei)(wei)時，調鉤子的深度(du)反(fan)饋電位(wei)(wei)器使(shi)X66/X6X67信號剛(gang)好產(chan)生(sheng)，此時F1D/F1E大約為(wei)-2.1V；

3.將(jiang)23b1/23b2預選軌底(di)（pos/Ⅱ） X79信號(hao)將(jiang)產生， 將(jiang)23f2/23f4置100%，調p9/p11，使(shi)起(qi)道鉤能下降到機(ji)械止(zhi)擋位，X64/X65信號(hao)剛好消(xiao)失，切斷下降過程(cheng)，F1B/F1C將(jiang)顯(xian)示(shi)大約(yue)+7V；

4.將23b1/23b2預(yu)選軌頭（pos/Ⅰ），將23f123f3置0%，，調P8/P10，

使起道鉤能下(xia)降到軌頭(tou)附近，F1B/F1C將顯示大約+2V。

這樣在(zai)工作時，起道(dao)鉤(gou)的下(xia)降可以通過調整23f1/23f2/23f3/23f4深度給定(ding)電位器(qi)，調到起道(dao)鉤(gou)在(zai)軌頭/軌底下(xia)5-10mm處。

常見電氣故障分析

1、對于(yu)搗固車兩側鉤(gou)子無“1”、“2”的情況(kuang)，只有兩個狀態，最(zui)高于(yu)最(zui)低位(wei)。

原因分析：針對(dui)此等情(qing)況，首先利用多路檢(jian)測檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)抄(chao)平起道作業系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)否(fou)正常，檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)該(gai)系統有無+10V電(dian)(dian)源，若沒(mei)有則檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)源板813電(dian)(dian)源板是(shi)否(fou)故(gu)障。

若(ruo)不是電源(yuan)板(ban)813電源(yuan)板(ban)問題，可(ke)根(gen)據布線(xian)規則，找到(dao)B7箱(xiang)上面的N52接頭，拆開813電源(yuan)板(ban)端的接線(xian)，檢查該(gai)板(ban)是否輸出+10V電源(yuan)，若(ruo)正常(chang)可(ke)以判斷該(gai)故障為(wei)抄平起道系統傳感(gan)器(qi)連接線(xian)線(xian)路(lu)有(you)短路(lu)現象。

此故障(zhang)雖然簡單，但容易鉆(zhan)進故障(zhang)的(de)死角，認(ren)為(wei)電源板(ban)故障(zhang)而(er)導致無10V電源的(de)輸出，未曾想到(dao)由于(yu)短路而(er)導致該板(ban)無10V電源的(de)輸出情況(kuang)，在排(pai)除過程中會耗(hao)費大(da)量(liang)的(de)時(shi)間。所(suo)以在以后(hou)的(de)故障(zhang)排(pai)除中，一定要(yao)多(duo)方面入手(shou)，逐一排(pai)除，確認(ren)故障(zhang)。

2、搗固車起道(dao)鉤(gou)子“1位”、“2位”控制的問題：

此類故障現象(xiang)不一樣

其(qi)一，鉤(gou)子(zi)無“1位”時，其(qi)現象是控(kong)制按(an)鈕對著“1”，踩(cai)踏板時鉤(gou)子(zi)卻直接掉到軌底，而用“2”位時，鉤(gou)子(zi)使用正(zheng)常，這(zhe)個(ge)現象基本(ben)可以(yi)斷定為(wei)B23箱(xiang)內鉤(gou)子(zi)“1”位的(de)接地線(xian)松動

其二，鉤子同時無“1位”和“2位”，其操作現象為(wei)任(ren)何一個檔位，其鉤子都是直接掉軌(gui)底，這個現象基本(ben)可以確定為(wei)深度傳感器壞或者連接線松(song)動之類(lei)的問(wen)題。

3、搗固(gu)車搗固(gu)架不提升的分析處(chu)理

搗固(gu)架(jia)提(ti)升(sheng)裝置在中(zhong)下位提(ti)升(sheng)正常(chang)，到(dao)上位后，無(wu)法全(quan)提(ti)升(sheng)鎖定(ding)。可檢查對應的功率板和(he)輸入輸出(chu)板信號是否(fou)正常(chang)。如正常(chang)可經檢查搗固(gu)頭(tou)提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)位計線頭(tou)是否(fou)虛(xu)接脫落。

4、道岔(cha)搗固車作業中偶爾出現13e47和18e6保險(xian)跳起，程控系統斷(duan)電(dian)的故障。

根劇電路(lu)圖(tu)可知，18e6為13e47的(de)分(fen)保險，可初(chu)步判斷，13e47的(de)跳(tiao)起是(shi)因為18e6支路(lu)電流過載。查看18e6支路(lu)，發(fa)現為S2傳(chuan)感(gan)器和燈電源，由于S2端(duan)子(zi)較多，無法一(yi)一(yi)排除(chu)(chu)。最快的(de)辦法就(jiu)是(shi)先檢(jian)查的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器，看是(shi)否都(dou)正常工作。最后發(fa)現搗固架密貼器端(duan)S2破皮，偶爾(er)接(jie)地所致。用絕緣膠布纏好故障排除(chu)(chu)。

參考文獻：

篇7

增加立體聲功放

在衛星上播放(fang)的音(yin)樂廣(guang)播頻(pin)道音(yin)質(zhi)不錯，其中音(yin)樂類的音(yin)質(zhi)與CD相當，且每天更換節目，通常愛好(hao)音(yin)樂的朋(peng)友(you),喜(xi)歡將接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)(ji)的音(yin)頻(pin)輸(shu)出與功(gong)(gong)放(fang)連接(jie)(jie)來(lai)欣嘗聆聽，但往往會感到(dao)聽久了(le)音(yin)箱開大聲也吵人(ren)或影響家人(ren)、鄰居(ju)休息，而(er)想一個(ge)人(ren)用耳機(ji)(ji)收聽時，就無此煩腦，加一個(ge)小功(gong)(gong)放(fang)塊(kuai)就能(neng)解決，可采用如下(xia)方法(fa)進行摩機(ji)(ji)，此方法(fa)也適用于其它接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)(ji)的摩機(ji)(ji)。

選(xuan)購一個雙聲(sheng)道功(gong)(gong)放(fang)IC，這(zhe)種小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率雙聲(sheng)道的(de)功(gong)(gong)放(fang)IC有很多種型號可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)，燒友可(ke)(ke)(ke)安照自己(ji)需(xu)要來選(xuan)擇,筆者選(xuan)用了(le)意大(da)利(li)SGS公司的(de)TDA2822小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率雙聲(sheng)道IC，該功(gong)(gong)放(fang)安裝簡單(dan)，電(dian)路(lu)只需(xu)8-1個阻(zu)容件,接成單(dan)聲(sheng)道或雙聲(sheng)道均(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke),，電(dian)原理圖(tu)參見圖(tu)1，該功(gong)(gong)放(fang)塊的(de)Vcc工作電(dian)壓很寬，從(cong)3V到15V，典型電(dian)壓為6V，可(ke)(ke)(ke)直(zhi)接從(cong)接收機的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)上引出5V來連接，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)在電(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)上引出12V來連接，其(qi)工作電(dian)流很小(xiao)，功(gong)(gong)耗很低，對接收機電(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)的(de)負(fu)載不會增(zeng)加很大(da)。

將功(gong)放集(ji)成塊(kuai)固定(ding)在(zai)(zai)一小塊(kuai)多孔試(shi)驗(yan)印板上，11個阻(zu)容件稍(shao)加排列焊接就成，此功(gong)放板可(ke)固定(ding)在(zai)(zai)靠近接收機(ji)音(yin)頻輸出(chu)端(duan)囗(wei)的(de)空位上，在(zai)(zai)機(ji)殼(ke)外面開個孔，安裝一個3.5mm立體聲(sheng)耳機(ji)插座。

還有一種SGS公司(si)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)8腳TDA2822M，也(ye)是一塊(kuai)雙功(gong)(gong)(gong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)內部包(bao)含了兩個(ge)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)放(fang)大器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，每(mei)個(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)放(fang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)有40dB的(de)(de)(de)(de)增益，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)失真度較低，只有0.3%。每(mei)個(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)放(fang)大器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)峰值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A，單(dan)個(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)放(fang)大器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為3V，負(fu)(fu)載阻(zu)抗為4歐(ou)姆時(shi)，是110mW；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為9V時(shi)，負(fu)(fu)載阻(zu)抗為8歐(ou)姆時(shi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)可達1W。TDA2822M的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較寬，為1.8V-15V，使用方便。其(qi)引腳參(can)(can)見(jian)圖(tu)2，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖(tu)參(can)(can)見(jian)圖(tu)3。

與此功(gong)放電路類同的還有許多，有的引腳與功(gong)能完(wan)全相同，可(ke)直(zhi)接替代使用，如KA2209，國產有D2822等。

提(ti)供廣(guang)(guang)播服務的衛星(xing)有許多選(xuan)擇(ze)，本刊曾有專文介紹(shao)，喜歡收聽(ting)音(yin)樂的朋(peng)(peng)友可根據(ju)自已收視的衛星(xing)來選(xuan)擇(ze)，在此不贅述，筆者(zhe)選(xuan)聽(ting)了熟悉(xi)的76.5度及105.5度上(shang)(shang)的廣(guang)(guang)播節目(mu)，尤其(qi)在亞太2R衛星(xing)上(shang)(shang)的12680V15000這個下行(xing)(xing)頻(pin)率(lv)中(zhong)有39套免費廣(guang)(guang)播節目(mu)，分門別類，中(zhong)外名(ming)(ming)曲(qu)名(ming)(ming)歌，應有盡有，音(yin)質也(ye)并不亞于(yu)CD，愛(ai)聽(ting)音(yin)樂的朋(peng)(peng)友可根據(ju)自已的愛(ai)好選(xuan)擇(ze)節目(mu)，既(ji)方便(bian)又很耐聽(ting)；又如在105.5度亞洲3S衛星(xing)上(shang)(shang)的3880H27500這個下行(xing)(xing)頻(pin)率(lv)中(zhong)有15套廣(guang)(guang)播，我國有些省(sheng)臺的廣(guang)(guang)播也(ye)不錯，這二個衛星(xing)上(shang)(shang)的廣(guang)(guang)播節目(mu)表參見表1。

耳機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)選(xuan)擇：建議選(xuan)用音質較好(hao)的(de)頭戴式(shi)低阻抗立(li)體聲大耳機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)收聽(ting)音樂節目，如索尼.、愛華、捷波朗蘭牙等，其音質并不(bu)亞于音響(xiang)的(de)效(xiao)果，若用小(xiao)耳機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)聽(ting)，聽(ting)久了耳朵吃不(bu)消，如果您想離開接(jie)收機(ji)(ji)(ji)來(lai)(lai)收聽(ting)，也可(ke)選(xuan)購無線耳機(ji)(ji)(ji)，也可(ke)用一對微型小(xiao)音箱(xiang)來(lai)(lai)收聽(ting)。

改動逆變器(qi)上的調(diao)整電(dian)阻

延長電池工作時間

在8"一體機(ji)上使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在正常使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)能(neng)連續(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)180分鐘(zhong)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降到10.5V時(shi)，逆(ni)變(bian)器便(bian)停止工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)10.8V(充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后為(wei)(wei)12.6V)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的最(zui)低放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極限(xian)是(shi)(shi)7.5V，于是(shi)(shi)在逆(ni)變(bian)器上動腦筋，改變(bian)其調整(zheng)起始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓從10.5V降到8V，將逆(ni)變(bian)器上的R23改為(wei)(wei)150K時(shi)，或在R23電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上并(bing)焊一個470K貼片(pian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,就能(neng)使(shi)逆(ni)變(bian)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在8V以(yi)上就能(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，從而(er)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間(jian)延長，經試驗，充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)連續(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)220分鐘(zhong)。

筆者(zhe)將逆變器的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)圖(tu)測(ce)繪下來(lai)，參見圖(tu)4，供(gong)大家參考，該(gai)逆變器是(shi)浙江波茵(yin)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)有(you)限公司生產的(de)，型號為BY-863V，采用雙面(mian)印(yin)板(ban)，使體積(ji)縮(suo)小(xiao)，但(dan)測(ce)繪此電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)圖(tu)卻費了許多功夫，但(dan)愿此電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)圖(tu)給各位有(you)所(suo)參考，我們所(suo)花之勞動也就(jiu)值了。

屏蔽收視一體機中的接(jie)收機

在(zai)組(zu)合收(shou)視(shi)一(yi)體(ti)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中，發現(xian)有些接收(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)抗干(gan)擾(rao)能力較差，使開關電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)雜波干(gan)擾(rao)反映到畫面上(shang)來，表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)網(wang)紋、斜條(tiao)等(deng)，有時還(huan)會引(yin)起(qi)(qi)死機(ji)(ji)(ji)及(ji)數據丟失等(deng)等(deng)，將(jiang)電(dian)視(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開關電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)移位，故障便排除，于是想到應將(jiang)接收(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)和電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)(ban)進(jin)(jin)行屏(ping)蔽(bi)處理(li)。在(zai)接收(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)與電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)(ban)下面用(yong)一(yi)塊(kuai)與主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)(ban)大(da)小一(yi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)板(ban)(ban)材,用(yong)銅導(dao)柱固定在(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)殼底板(ban)(ban)上(shang)，金屬(shu)板(ban)(ban)材料可選(xuan)用(yong)馬囗鐵(tie)皮，鍍鋅白鐵(tie)皮，銅皮等(deng)均可，通過主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)固定螺絲與導(dao)柱連接，也就是講(jiang)(jiang)，主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)(ban)、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)地線與屏(ping)蔽(bi)板(ban)(ban)導(dao)通了，兩塊(kuai)屏(ping)蔽(bi)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)也需用(yong)導(dao)線連接，若再講(jiang)(jiang)究一(yi)些，還(huan)可在(zai)220V交流電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)線處，再加一(yi)級濾波電(dian)感，經這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)改進(jin)(jin)后，使用(yong)時便一(yi)切(qie)正常，再不(bu)死機(ji)(ji)(ji)，且(qie)畫面干(gan)凈。

將(jiang)溫(wen)度(du)計換成溫(wen)控開關

原(yuan)機(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)制是手動啟(qi)動風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)來散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)，機(ji)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)經溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳感(gan)器傳到液晶數字顯(xian)示(shi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)計上，當(dang)機(ji)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升到你(ni)認為要(yao)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)進行(xing)(xing)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)，一(yi)旦忘記觀察溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，往(wang)往(wang)也不會去(qu)打開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)。現在改用溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)直接(jie)自動啟(qi)動風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)就(jiu)更方(fang)便可靠，只需(xu)在選購(gou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，選擇(ze)你(ni)想要(yao)啟(qi)動風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)就(jiu)行(xing)(xing)，本(ben)機(ji)選擇(ze)的(de)(de)是40度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)常(chang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)，型號(hao)為KSD-01F,250V1A,40oCH，當(dang)機(ji)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)不到40°C時(shi)(shi)(shi)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)不會導通，風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)不工作，達(da)到40度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)閉合(he)，啟(qi)動風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re),將(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳感(gan)器放在溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)最高(gao)的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，如CPU、開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電源等，將(jiang)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)去(qu)掉不用,只需(xu)將(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)上的(de)(de)導線串接(jie)在12V電源與風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)12V連(lian)接(jie)就(jiu)行(xing)(xing),非(fei)常(chang)方(fang)便實用。

增加充電提示蜂(feng)鳴器

原機在使(shi)用充(chong)電器(qi)時，當電池充(chong)好(hao)(hao)后是(shi)用切換不同顏(yan)色的(de)發光(guang)二(er)極管(guan)來提(ti)(ti)示(shi)(shi)的(de)，一(yi)旦忘了去觀察發光(guang)二(er)極管(guan)的(de)變化，就不知電池是(shi)否充(chong)好(hao)(hao)，加(jia)了蜂鳴器(qi)后，當電池充(chong)好(hao)(hao)后就會(hui)鳴叫(jiao)提(ti)(ti)示(shi)(shi),能(neng)更方便的(de)提(ti)(ti)醒你已充(chong)好(hao)(hao)電，可及時關(guan)機。如若你感到蜂鳴器(qi)吵人，可加(jia)個開關(guan)控(kong)制，不用時可將(jiang)蜂鳴器(qi)關(guan)閉。

改進充電(dian)器保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路

原(yuan)機設計的(de)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路還存在一些缺點，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，不能保(bao)證每(mei)次切(qie)(qie)換到(dao)恒流保(bao)護，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)充(chong)滿時，出現(xian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)切(qie)(qie)換困難，反復吸合而吱吱叫，分析其原(yuan)因(yin)是因(yin)為當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)充(chong)滿時，發光(guang)管切(qie)(qie)換時會有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產生，影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)正(zheng)常吸合，將繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)2路原(yuan)來并聯控制(zhi)改成獨立(li)使用，將發光(guang)管與(yu)蜂(feng)(feng)鳴器(qi)并連(lian)，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)好(hao)后，繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)吸合切(qie)(qie)換中(zhong)由于不受發光(guang)管切(qie)(qie)換而產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，使繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)吸合切(qie)(qie)換流暢，當(dang)(dang)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)吸合的(de)同時恒流發光(guang)管點亮，蜂(feng)(feng)鳴器(qi)也同時發聲，提示電(dian)(dian)(dian)池已充(chong)好(hao)，經(jing)改進后的(de)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)作(zuo)穩定，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)路圖(tu)參見圖(tu)5。

供電電路的改進

原機(ji)在使(shi)用(yong)中，若逆變(bian)開(kai)關使(shi)用(yong)不當，或(huo)交流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)關不是控制在火線(xian)上，會(hui)使(shi)原來8字型220V交流插座上有感應的(de)(de)交流電(dian)(dian)，一旦用(yong)手觸摸，會(hui)遭(zao)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)擊，也發(fa)現在插入LNB的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)F頭時，有火花產生，筆(bi)者(zhe)也遇(yu)到(dao)了由此而擊壞(huai)高頻頭情況，今(jin)將原來單刀雙(shuang)擲開(kai)關換成雙(shuang)刀雙(shuang)擲，當逆變(bian)開(kai)關關閉時，可以徹底切斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，解決了安(an)全隱患，改(gai)進后的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)連(lian)接(jie)參(can)見圖6。

單獨(du)做一個(ge)充電逆變直供(gong)一體(ti)機

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池離不開充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，而(er)逆變(bian)器又(you)離不開電(dian)(dian)池，為此將這三者組合(he)在一起(qi)變(bian)成(cheng)整體，使用起(qi)來(lai)就非(fei)常方(fang)便，不必再(zai)拖泥帶水，且又(you)非(fei)常靈活(huo)，下面介紹具體制作：

1、材料選用

（1）逆變器仍選用(yong)浙江波茵電子有(you)限公司產的，型號(hao)為BY-863V，將原車載點(dian)煙器的電源插頭去掉，改(gai)用(yong)導線與電池連，去除(chu)外殼，其線路板尺寸為65x67x27mm，參見圖7。

（2）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池選用(yong)了二手筆(bi)記本上(shang)用(yong)的(de)東(dong)芝10.8V5.6Ah的(de)電(dian)(dian)池組，其尺寸為170x40x30mm，在電(dian)(dian)壓兩端10.8V+/-極(ji)處引(yin)出(chu)導線，并在正極(ji)引(yin)線處串(chuan)接4A的(de)保險絲，以(yi)保護電(dian)(dian)池,其它接觸(chu)處用(yong)絕緣膠封住(zhu)，參(can)見(jian)圖8。

（3）充(chong)電(dian)開關電(dian)源選(xuan)用了筆記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)源用的(de)開關電(dian)源,DC輸出(chu)16V3A，去掉外(wai)殼后(hou)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)為110x40x28mm，參(can)見圖9。

（4）充電器保(bao)護(hu)電路為自制，原(yuan)理與線(xian)路圖均在(zai)本刊(kan)05年(nian)23期(qi)上介(jie)紹(shao)過了，今(jin)將改進后的電路重新連接,筆者利用(yong)廢印刷(shua)板上搭焊而成。

（5）表(biao)頭均選(xuan)用上(shang)海產的91C4，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)為1A，電(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)為15V。

（6）根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)物(wu)大小，在電子市場(chang)選購(gou)一個尺寸適合的工程塑料機殼(ke)，筆者選購(gou)的機殼(ke)外徑尺寸為：198×118×74mm，將(jiang)實(shi)物(wu)排列(lie)測繪(hui)好后，即可開孔加工。

2、具體制作

（1）在安(an)裝時(shi)去除逆變器(qi)及(ji)充電(dian)(dian)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)外(wai)殼，不謹使體(ti)積(ji)縮小，而(er)且更便于散熱,逆變器(qi)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)在面(mian)板上的(de)左(zuo)方(fang)，2個表頭固定(ding)(ding)(ding)在面(mian)板上的(de)右方(fang)，在表頭的(de)下(xia)面(mian)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)3個電(dian)(dian)源開關(guan)及(ji)3個指示(shi)燈(deng)、蜂鳴(ming)器(qi)。

篇8

[關鍵詞]心電(dian)監護儀(yi)；常見(jian)故障(zhang)；解決(jue)方法

中(zhong)圖分類(lei)號：R443.8 文獻標識(shi)碼(ma)：A 文章編號：1009-914X（2015）02-0000-01

心電監(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)儀是醫(yi)(yi)院的主要(yao)治療設備之(zhi)一，廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)臨床診斷，它在(zai)臨床上用(yong)來(lai)檢測(ce)病人(ren)生理參(can)數，給(gei)出變化趨勢(shi)，為醫(yi)(yi)護(hu)(hu)人(ren)員對(dui)病人(ren)病情的治療和護(hu)(hu)理提供依據(ju)，在(zai)整個監(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)過程中起(qi)著(zhu)不可忽(hu)視的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，為保證其(qi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中安(an)全可靠，數值準確，必須做好(hao)檢定工作(zuo)(zuo)。由于(yu)監(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)儀幾(ji)乎是24小時連續工作(zuo)(zuo)，其(qi)故(gu)障率也較高，現將其(qi)常見故(gu)障與排(pai)除(chu)方法介紹如(ru)下。

1.開機無顯示

故(gu)障現(xian)象(xiang)：當打開儀器時，屏幕無顯(xian)示，指示燈不亮；外(wai)接電源時，電池電壓(ya)低報警，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)機(ji)(ji)器自動關機(ji)(ji)；未外(wai)接電池時，電池電壓(ya)低報警，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)自動關機(ji)(ji)，即使給機(ji)(ji)器充(chong)電也無用。

檢查方法：

①在儀器沒通交流電的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)， 檢(jian)(jian)查12V電壓(ya)是否偏低(di)。該故(gu)障報警說(shuo)明電源(yuan)板(ban)上輸出電壓(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測部分檢(jian)(jian)測到電壓(ya)偏低(di)，可能為電源(yuan)板(ban)檢(jian)(jian)測部分出故(gu)障或電源(yuan)板(ban)輸出故(gu)障，也可能是后端負載電路(lu)故(gu)障引起。

②有裝(zhuang)電池(chi)(chi)時，此現(xian)象說明監護(hu)儀工(gong)作在電池(chi)(chi)供(gong)電狀態且電池(chi)(chi)電量基本用完，AC 輸入未正常工(gong)作。可能原因(yin)是：220V電源(yuan)插座本身(shen)無(wu)電，或保險絲(si)燒斷。

③未外接電(dian)(dian)池(chi)時，判斷可能是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壞了(le)，或者電(dian)(dian)源板/充(chong)電(dian)(dian)控制板故障(zhang)引起電(dian)(dian)池(chi)無(wu)法(fa)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

排除方法：將所有連接(jie)部位(wei)連接(jie)可靠，接(jie)通交流電給(gei)儀器充電。

2.ECG無波形

故(gu)障現象(xiang)：接上導聯線而(er)無心電波形，顯示(shi)屏上顯示(shi)“電極脫落”或“無信(xin)號接收”。

檢查(cha)方法(fa)：首(shou)先檢查(cha)導(dao)聯模式(shi)，如果是五導(dao)模式(shi)但是只用了三導(dao)的(de)接法(fa)，肯定(ding)無波形。

其(qi)次，在確認心電(dian)(dian)極片(pian)貼放位(wei)置(zhi)，心電(dian)(dian)極片(pian)質量(liang)無問題的(de)前提下，將此(ci)心電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線與其(qi)它機器上的(de)互換，以(yi)確認是(shi)(shi)否(fou)心電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故障，是(shi)(shi)否(fou)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)老化、插針斷。

再(zai)次(ci)，若排除心(xin)電電纜故(gu)(gu)障，可能原因為參(can)數插(cha)座板(ban)上的(de)“ECG信號線”接(jie)觸不好，或心(xin)電板(ban)、心(xin)電板(ban)主控板(ban)連接(jie)線、主控板(ban)故(gu)(gu)障。

排除方法：

（1）檢查所有心電導(dao)(dao)聯(lian)(lian)外接部位〔與(yu)人體相(xiang)接觸的三(san)/五(wu)根延長線(xian)到心電插頭(tou)上相(xiang)應的三(san)/五(wu)根觸針之間應導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，若電阻為無窮大表明導(dao)(dao)聯(lian)(lian)線(xian)斷路，則應更換導(dao)(dao)聯(lian)(lian)線(xian)〕。

（2）如(ru)心電顯示波(bo)形(xing)通道顯示“無信號接收(shou)”，則表示心電測(ce)量模塊(kuai)與(yu)主機通訊有問題，關機再開機后仍有此提示，需與(yu)供(gong)應商聯系。

3.心電波形雜亂

故障(zhang)現象(xiang)：心電波形干擾大，波形不規格，不標(biao)準。

檢查方法：

（1）首先應當排(pai)除來(lai)自信號輸入端的(de)干擾，如(ru)病人運動，心電極片失效，心電導聯線老(lao)化，接(jie)觸不好的(de)情況。

（2）將濾(lv)波模式打到“監護”或者“手術”，效果會好一點，因(yin)為(wei)這兩種(zhong)模式下濾(lv)波帶寬較寬。

（3）若手術(shu)下波形效果也不好，請檢查零地電(dian)壓，一般(ban)要求在5V以內(nei)，可(ke)單獨拉一根地線以達到良好接地的目的。

（4）若接地(di)也不行，可能是來(lai)自機器內(nei)部(bu)的(de)干擾(rao)，如心電板屏蔽(bi)做(zuo)的(de)不好等原(yuan)因。此時(shi)應更換配件試(shi)試(shi)。

排除(chu)方(fang)法：將心電(dian)幅度調到(dao)合適值，可觀察到(dao)整幅波(bo)形。

4.白屏、花屏

故障現(xian)(xian)象：開機有顯示，但出現(xian)(xian)白屏(ping)、花屏(ping)。

檢(jian)查方法：白屏(ping)、花屏(ping)說明顯示(shi)屏(ping)有逆(ni)變器供(gong)電，但是無主控(kong)板(ban)的顯示(shi)信號輸入。可在機器后面VGA輸出口外接(jie)顯示(shi)器，若輸出正常，可能屏(ping)壞或者屏(ping)到主控(kong)板(ban)接(jie)線接(jie)觸不良(liang)；若VGA無輸出，可能主控(kong)板(ban)故障。

 排(pai)除(chu)方(fang)法：更換顯示器，或檢查主控板(ban)接線是(shi)否穩固。VGA無輸出(chu)時(shi)，需更換主控板(ban)。

5.心電基線漂移

故障現象：心電(dian)掃描基線(xian)不能穩定在顯(xian)示屏上，時而漂(piao)出(chu)顯(xian)示區域。

檢查方法：

（1）儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)使用(yong)環(huan)境是(shi)否潮濕，儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)內部是(shi)否受潮；

（2）檢查電極片質(zhi)量如何以及人體接觸電極片的部位是否清洗干凈。

排除方法：

（1）將儀器連(lian)續開機(ji)24小時，自身排潮。

（2）更換良(liang)好的電極(ji)片(pian)，清洗(xi)人體接觸電極(ji)片(pian)的部位。

6.模塊通訊異常

故障現象：各模塊(kuai)報“通訊(xun)(xun)停止(zhi)”，“通訊(xun)(xun)錯”，“初(chu)始化錯”。

檢查(cha)方法：此現象表明參(can)數(shu)模塊與主控板之間(jian)的(de)通訊異(yi)常(chang)。首先重新插拔(ba)一下(xia)參(can)數(shu)模塊與主控板之間(jian)的(de)連接線(xian)，若不行則(ze)考慮參(can)數(shu)模塊，接下(xia)來考慮主控板故(gu)障。

排(pai)除方法：檢查參數模塊(kuai)與主(zhu)控板之間的連接線(xian)是否(fou)穩(wen)固，參數模塊(kuai)是否(fou)設(she)置正確，或更換主(zhu)控板。

篇9

接收機的選擇

隨著衛星(xing)接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)技術(shu)的(de)進步和市場需求的(de)增長(chang)，國內(nei)出(chu)現了越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)生產廠家。各種衛星(xing)數(shu)字接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)的(de)處理芯片也(ye)(ye)(ye)經過了數(shu)次更新(xin)換代，采用新(xin)芯片、新(xin)方案的(de)眾多品牌的(de)衛星(xing)接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)亮(liang)相(xiang)，其功能也(ye)(ye)(ye)變得越(yue)來越(yue)多，操作也(ye)(ye)(ye)更加靈活方便。

我們知道(dao)，選擇衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)的首要標(biao)準自然是性能(neng)穩定、接(jie)收(shou)(shou)門(men)(men)限(xian)低，在對(dui)星(xing)調(diao)星(xing)中(zhong)，還要求其信(xin)號(hao)指(zhi)示功能(neng)反(fan)應要靈敏，“信(xin)號(hao)質量”指(zhi)示的起點要低，換句話(hua)說，對(dui)達不到衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)門(men)(men)限(xian)的衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)信(xin)號(hao)，也可以通(tong)過接(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)的“信(xin)號(hao)質量”或“信(xin)號(hao)強度(du)”顯示，以一定范圍的量化指(zhi)標(biao)反(fan)映出來(lai)。用這樣的衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)調(diao)整天饋系統時，會起到事半功倍的作用。參考(kao)有關測(ce)評文章，我選用了一套新款盲掃型衛(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)數字接(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)套件(jian)，見(jian)圖(tu)1、圖(tu)2。

該(gai)套件系(xi)卓異公司生(sheng)產，中央處理器為(wei)CT212S主芯片(pian)（該(gai)芯片(pian)方案和技術特點見本系(xi)列文章之(zhi)二），高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)頭處理芯片(pian)(ZL10036+ZL10313)直接設計在主板上，為(wei)板載高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)頭一體化結構，見圖3所示；音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)DAC為(wei)廉價的八腳PT8211解碼器，模擬音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)放(fang)大采用LM358雙(shuang)運放(fang)；主板后(hou)部有“F”中頻(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)號(hao)輸入，一組RS232升(sheng)級接口，2組L、R、V輸出(chu)端(duan)子(zi)，一組S輸出(chu)端(duan)子(zi)，一路射頻(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)號(hao)輸出(chu)。

套件所帶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板是開關型(xing)穩壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，其輸出為33V、22V、12V、5V和(he)3.3V等幾路(lu)。由于本接收(shou)系(xi)統(tong)欲采用(yong)內(nei)置電(dian)(dian)池和(he)低壓直流供電(dian)(dian)，故(gu)將(jiang)其棄之不用(yong)，改為使用(yong)本刊2005年11期介紹的(de)(de)(de)12V直流輸入的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板為接收(shou)機(ji)提供所需的(de)(de)(de)各路(lu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

電源的選用

1、鋰電電池

在相關(guan)文章或文獻中我們(men)知道(dao)，隨(sui)著便攜式電(dian)子(zi)產品的迅(xun)猛(meng)發展(zhan)及(ji)電(dian)池技術的進步，現已開(kai)發出多種新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)池，其(qi)中發展(zhan)最快(kuai)的是可充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池。在鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池后，相繼開(kai)發出鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池、鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池及(ji)最新(xin)發展(zhan)的鋰(li)聚合物電(dian)池。鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池與鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池及(ji)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池在主要(yao)性能上的比(bi)較如表1所(suo)示(shi)。

由表1可看出鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位重量、能量密度(du)及單(dan)位體積能量密度(du)都是(shi)最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池重量、同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池體積，在同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時，鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩次(ci)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)間(jian)隔是(shi)最長的(de)(de)(de)(de)，并且(qie)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率最低，也(ye)無記憶效(xiao)應(ying)。也(ye)就是(shi)說，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池比鎳氫(qing)和其(qi)他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池會有(you)(you)更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表現和更優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。由于有(you)(you)這些優點，雖(sui)然(ran)目前它的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格較貴(gui)，但仍然(ran)是(shi)靈巧(qiao)型便攜式產品(pin)（如(ru)手機、PDA、筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦等(deng)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳選擇。

鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓通常為(wei)3.6V，充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（稱為(wei)終止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）為(wei)4.2V，終止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)2.5V（各電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)制造(zao)廠(chang)的(de)(de)參(can)數略(lve)有(you)(you)不(bu)同）。鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)比較“嬌氣(qi)”，在(zai)使(shi)用不(bu)當時(shi)（過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)溫、過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)），會造(zao)成(cheng)損(sun)害或報廢。如果(guo)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓已(yi)(yi)降到(dao)2.5V后(hou)還繼續(xu)使(shi)用，則稱為(wei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（或稱過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)），對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)損(sun)害；同樣，如果(guo)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓已(yi)(yi)升到(dao)4.2V后(hou)還繼續(xu)恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)話，則稱為(wei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（或稱過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)），過(guo)(guo)(guo)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)能(neng)對(dui)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)永(yong)久性(xing)損(sun)壞。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量C以mAh或Ah表示，它可(ke)以用來估算電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)工(gong)作時(shi)間。

鋰離子二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)的優點是(shi)單位體積(ji)能量高，也就是(shi)重量能量密(mi)度(du)高，比之其(qi)它二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)（鎳(nie)鎘蓄電(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)），能做到容量大(da)、重量輕(qing)。此外，沒(mei)有過去二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)具有的存(cun)儲記憶效應（經反復淺充放電(dian)，其(qi)電(dian)池(chi)容量看(kan)似(si)降(jiang)低的現象(xiang)），而且由于不用汞、鎘、鋁等公害(hai)限制物質，正(zheng)作為環(huan)保電(dian)池(chi)而受到關(guan)注。

但另一方(fang)面，鋰離子二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)具有過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)易引(yin)發(fa)起火、過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)導致性能下降的(de)(de)明(ming)顯(xian)缺陷。如充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時單(dan)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超過約4.5V時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)(de)分解(jie)會(hui)產生氣(qi)體，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)上(shang)(shang)升，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)開(kai)放閥(fa)（安(an)全閥(fa)）起動而(er)出(chu)現漏液(ye)。而(er)單(dan)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)約1.5V以下的(de)(de)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態時，負極集電(dian)(dian)(dian)體的(de)(de)銅開(kai)始溶于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性能也(ye)會(hui)明(ming)顯(xian)下降。因此，必須要有精密的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流管理(li)，才能安(an)全地(di)發(fa)揮其(qi)性能。為了保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)免遭這些不當(dang)的(de)(de)使用，單(dan)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)(shang)都設計(ji)有幾(ji)種安(an)全機構(gou)，如防爆、安(an)全閥(fa)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)，一旦這些安(an)全機構(gou)啟動，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)便不能再使用。

為此，需要(yao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組內設置(zhi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，在發生這種狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)之前，由保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)監視每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，一(yi)旦達到過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)便斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，防患(huan)于未然(ran)。一(yi)旦狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)恢復(fu)正常，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池仍可繼續使用。

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路構成包(bao)括鋰離子二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、阻(zu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)開關元件（MOSFET）及(ji)保護電(dian)(dian)路。保護電(dian)(dian)路監視(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，一旦出現(xian)異(yi)常，便使阻(zu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)FET處(chu)于斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開狀態(tai)，切斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)或負載間的(de)(de)聯(lian)系(xi)，控制充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在多個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)情況下，即(ji)使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)總電(dian)(dian)壓在正常范圍(wei)，也有必(bi)要判斷(duan)(duan)(duan)各個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)異(yi)常的(de)(de)情況，因(yin)此必(bi)須(xu)監視(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組內每個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓。

2、鋰(li)電(dian)電(dian)池的保護(hu)電(dian)路

鋰離(li)子二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路大體(ti)有三種功能(neng)：過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)如在過(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上升，有發生(sheng)起火(huo)冒煙的(de)危險，而使之(zhi)不能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)由于繼(ji)續過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)會縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命，降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)，而在達到過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)前使放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停止(zhi)(zhi)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)則是(shi)(shi)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組端(duan)子短路引起過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)，并(bing)避(bi)免因(yin)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路異常(chang)等而產生(sheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

除這些(xie)基本功能外，對保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電路還(huan)有以(yi)下要求，它們正(zheng)是鋰離(li)子保(bao)(bao)護(hu)IC的(de)特(te)點：

超低(di)消耗電流(liu)驅動，保護電路除異常情況外不工(gong)作，但在工(gong)作時，其消耗的電流(liu)會加劇(ju)電池(chi)組的損耗。因此(ci)，通常工(gong)作時的消耗電流(liu)要盡量降(jiang)低(di)。

保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測、過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測要(yao)求必須(xu)高精度，這是(shi)因為過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)值(zhi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)額(e)定(ding)值(zhi)決定(ding)，如保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測精度不佳(jia)，在(zai)100%充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之前便(bian)不能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，這會(hui)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量，如果在(zai)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后(hou)仍判(pan)斷為未充(chong)滿(man)狀(zhuang)態而不能開啟保護(hu)功能，那會(hui)給鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池帶來致命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果，嚴重影響鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)壽命(ming)。

對鋰(li)電池(chi)保護電路的(de)幾點粗淺(qian)看法：

（1）電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量誤(wu)差是絕對的(de)。隨著電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用，這種(zhong)(zhong)誤(wu)差在擴(kuo)大。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)配(pei)組也僅(jin)僅(jin)可以(yi)延遲電(dian)池(chi)(chi)明顯誤(wu)差的(de)時間，最終還是要出現嚴重的(de)容(rong)量誤(wu)差的(de)。所以(yi)，誤(wu)差是絕對的(de)。加入電(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護系統和(he)均(jun)衡系統的(de)目的(de)也僅(jin)僅(jin)是緩(huan)解這種(zhong)(zhong)誤(wu)差和(he)避免(mian)誤(wu)差帶(dai)來的(de)危險而已。完(wan)美的(de)容(rong)量均(jun)衡是不(bu)可能(neng)的(de)，不(bu)應該作為均(jun)衡的(de)目標(biao)來追求(qiu)。

（2）目前有容量補償的方(fang)法，就是把容量高(gao)的電池取出(chu)一些電量來(lai)補償容量低的電池的消(xiao)耗(hao)。這個方(fang)法理論上沒有問題(ti)，但實(shi)際做(zuo)起來(lai)非常麻煩，特別是效率難以(yi)做(zuo)高(gao)。

（3）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均衡(heng)是必(bi)要的(de)(de)，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)會(hui)(hui)出現部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命和每次的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)出現危險，也會(hui)(hui)影響鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命。

對于(yu)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的構建，可采用(yong)(yong)串與并(bing)的不同(tong)組(zu)合方式，把多(duo)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)合成(cheng)需(xu)要(yao)的規(gui)格(ge)。以圖(tu)4所示的鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)例，如要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)一個10.6V5200mAh的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，就(jiu)用(yong)(yong)六節US26650這樣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，兩節兩節并(bing)聯(lian)起來(lai)（就(jiu)是把每兩只電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)對正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)對負(fu)極(ji)(ji)焊接起來(lai)），再將三(san)組(zu)這樣并(bing)聯(lian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)再串聯(lian)起來(lai)，就(jiu)組(zu)成(cheng)了10.6V、5200mAh的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，這樣當然要(yao)比(bi)用(yong)(yong)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)的容量(liang)大(da)，使用(yong)(yong)時間會更長。

3、鋰電電池組(zu)的選用

在(zai)《直流(liu)12V輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)視接(jie)(jie)收(shou)機通用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板》一文中，我(wo)們測試(shi)了(le)(le)AA鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)配合(he)12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板在(zai)幾款不同型號衛(wei)星接(jie)(jie)收(shou)機上的(de)(de)(de)工作表現。由(you)(you)于本人(ren)制(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)款微型接(jie)(jie)收(shou)機所(suo)用機殼體積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，購進了(le)(le)三節(jie)(jie)圖4所(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)US26650二(er)手鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。由(you)(you)這(zhe)三節(jie)(jie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)，配用bq2040鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護板(見圖5所(suo)示)，組成額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10.6V、容量(liang)2600mAh的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，作為(wei)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)機和顯示器的(de)(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。該US26650電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)直徑：26mm，長度：65mm，容量(liang)標注：2600mAh。

這(zhe)款鋰電保護板上的保護IC是TI公司的bq2040。其(qi)消耗(hao)電流（電池電壓4.0V時(shi)）最大10μA（典型(xing)值(zhi)6.5μA），待用（電池電壓3.0V時(shi)）最大1.0μA（典型(xing)值(zhi)0.75μA）。

bq2040鋰電(dian)電(dian)池保護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)主(zhu)要的(de)技術特點(dian)：

（1）支持鋰電池，3串(chuan)2并或者3串(chuan)，每(mei)節鋰電池3.6V；

（2）單節鋰電池過充保護電壓，4.25±0.025V；

 （3）單(dan)節鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過放保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)壓，2.5V±0.1V；

（4）保護板內阻

（5）短路(lu)保(bao)護電流>6.5A；

（6）靜態電流

在組(zu)(zu)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)之前，要用(yong)(yong)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)測量一(yi)下(xia)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)低的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)拿(na)掉(diao)。這(zhe)(zhe)里要提醒一(yi)下(xia)，有(you)的(de)(de)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)老(lao)化(hua)以(yi)后，其表(biao)(biao)現(xian)為空載時端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)降不大，但內阻較高，即(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時"一(yi)充(chong)即(ji)滿"，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時"一(yi)放(fang)(fang)即(ji)空"。對于這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，我們可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)10A大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔，把紅表(biao)(biao)筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)“+”極(ji)，黑表(biao)(biao)筆短(duan)暫地(di)碰一(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)“-”極(ji)（不超過(guo)1秒鐘），看(kan)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)顯示數(shu)值(zhi)，來判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正常與(yu)否。正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)瞬間(jian)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)般會達到5A以(yi)上(shang)，如果偏(pian)離這(zhe)(zhe)個值(zhi)太大，還不到1A的(de)(de)話，則這(zhe)(zhe)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)已經老(lao)化(hua)失效(xiao)，就必須換掉(diao)！經過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)檢查以(yi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就可以(yi)放(fang)(fang)心地(di)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)上(shang)。還算幸運，本(ben)人所購的(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)三節鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)均有(you)滿意的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)。

檢測(ce)完鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)后(hou)，依照圖5、圖6所示，將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護板用導線焊(han)接起(qi)來。圖7接下來就(jiu)是(shi)固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組了，首(shou)先(xian)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和保(bao)護板之間墊一層絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟質墊片，把準備好的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱熔膠棒，用熱風槍(qiang)化開（如(ru)果沒有(you)熱風槍(qiang),用功率稍(shao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)烙(luo)鐵(tie)效果也(ye)不錯），在(zai)適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置滴(di)上幾(ji)滴(di)，等到凝固了以后(hou)就(jiu)可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護板牢固地固定在(zai)一起(qi)。然后(hou)就(jiu)是(shi)外包(bao)裝(zhuang)，如(ru)果有(you)熱縮管，可以套上熱縮管，用熱風槍(qiang)將(jiang)其(qi)吹收縮緊(jin)固。本人(ren)是(shi)用透明(ming)膠帶(dai)纏(chan)繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)纏(chan)繞(rao)(rao)時膠帶(dai)要(yao)適當拉緊(jin)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組成為(wei)一個較為(wei)緊(jin)固的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體。

下面就(jiu)要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)進行(xing)激活(huo)處理，也就(jiu)是完全的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，讓鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)恢(hui)復(fu)最大(da)容量(liang)。做法就(jiu)是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)的兩端(duan)接上一個12V/10W的小燈泡，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)地(di)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至完全“放(fang)空”，然(ran)后再完全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路見后面介(jie)紹(shao)），這樣放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程(cheng)重(zhong)復(fu)兩到(dao)三次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可正常使用。

主板改進

由于高頻(pin)調諧單元(yuan)直接設計在(zai)CT212S主(zhu)板(ban)上，因此降低了主(zhu)板(ban)高度，減少了體積，主(zhu)板(ban)最高的元(yuan)件為射頻(pin)調諧器(qi)，圖8為主(zhu)板(ban)外觀圖。

一(yi)般情況下(xia)，射頻(pin)調(diao)制器(qi)并沒(mei)有實際意(yi)義，不但會干擾音視(shi)頻(pin)，而且還(huan)會消(xiao)耗直流供電中最寶(bao)貴的電池能量(liang)。于是用熱(re)風槍把射頻(pin)調(diao)制器(qi)吹焊下(xia)來(lai)，改動(dong)后(hou)主板的高(gao)度就是后(hou)部AV輸出(chu)插(cha)座的高(gao)度（3cm），為(wei)做成體積小巧的微型接收機進一(yi)步創造(zao)了便(bian)利條件。

在(zai)CT212S主板上(shang)，射(she)頻(pin)(pin)調制器原有(you)的位置(zhi)現在(zai)就是兩個屏(ping)蔽腳焊盤(pan)孔(kong)和一組四孔(kong)接口焊盤(pan)，四孔(kong)的功能分別(bie)為：視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)(hao)、音(yin)(yin)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)(hao)、5V電(dian)源和地線(xian)。可(ke)以(yi)利用(yong)這四個焊孔(kong)，給前(qian)控(kong)板上(shang)的耳機放大器提供電(dian)源和R、L兩聲道音(yin)(yin)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)(hao)。如(ru)圖9所(suo)示，在(zai)這四個焊孔(kong)上(shang)焊上(shang)一個四針插(cha)座(zuo)，用(yong)刻(ke)刀把原通(tong)向(xiang)射(she)頻(pin)(pin)調制器的視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)、音(yin)(yin)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)(hao)線(xian)割斷，用(yong)細導線(xian)從(cong)CT212主板上(shang)的音(yin)(yin)頻(pin)(pin)輸出(chu)端引出(chu)L、R信號(hao)(hao),分別(bie)焊到四針插(cha)座(zuo)的原音(yin)(yin)、視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)兩個焊點(dian)上(shang)。

接收(shou)機機殼的選取和布局

本人有一報廢的微機(ji)用(yong)CD-ROM驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)器，俗稱光(guang)(guang)驅(qu)(qu)。打(da)開這部光(guang)(guang)驅(qu)(qu)的上(shang)(shang)蓋，取出機(ji)芯(xin)，經過尺(chi)寸(cun)比(bi)對(dui)，擬(ni)用(yong)該光(guang)(guang)驅(qu)(qu)機(ji)殼作(zuo)為(wei)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)外殼，用(yong)12V直流輸入的通用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)作(zuo)為(wei)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)，三(san)節鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組作(zuo)為(wei)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)系統在移動(dong)(dong)環境下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供應(ying)。這樣，從(cong)體積上(shang)(shang)來說，CT212S主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)、12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)及三(san)節鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組如何安置，就成為(wei)這款微型接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)機(ji)在光(guang)(guang)驅(qu)(qu)機(ji)殼內能(neng)否組裝成功(gong)的關鍵。經過反復(fu)比(bi)量，讓12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)錯落有致的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容與CT212S主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)之間凸凹處形成空間上(shang)(shang)的“互(hu)補”，就基本上(shang)(shang)可(ke)以解決這一難題，兩板(ban)(ban)在光(guang)(guang)驅(qu)(qu)機(ji)殼內的布局構(gou)思見(jian)圖10所(suo)示(shi)：

我(wo)們(men)知道，光驅機(ji)殼通常(chang)有底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（包括兩側）組(zu)(zu)成（當然還有前部的塑料控制面板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）。權衡幾個單元板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和機(ji)殼空間，決定在底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)安(an)(an)置CT212S主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、紅外(wai)線(xian)遙控板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、耳機(ji)低放板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)；在上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)則(ze)安(an)(an)置12V直流電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、鋰電(dian)電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)、接收機(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開關、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)切換繼電(dian)器、充電(dian)插座（蓋(gai)(gai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)側面）。

組裝過程

1、底板部分

（1）主板的安裝

比量(liang)光(guang)驅底板(ban)(ban)(ban)尺(chi)寸，找一(yi)(yi)張(zhang)質地挺(ting)實的(de)(de)塑性文件夾(jia)，裁(cai)成合(he)(he)適尺(chi)寸作為(wei)(wei)CT212S主板(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)底板(ban)(ban)(ban)絕緣層(ceng)，比照CT212S主板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)固(gu)定安裝孔，在(zai)機殼底板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)后(hou)部鉆四(si)個(ge)φ=3.2mm孔，找四(si)個(ge)大小合(he)(he)適的(de)(de)橡膠墊(dian)圈(quan)，用兩只長度25mm的(de)(de)M3螺絲(si)（加(jia)墊(dian)片(pian)），分(fen)別穿過橡膠墊(dian)圈(quan)、后(hou)部的(de)(de)兩個(ge)安裝孔，各用一(yi)(yi)只M3螺母(mu)固(gu)定在(zai)底板(ban)(ban)(ban)上；再(zai)用兩只長度15mm的(de)(de)M3螺絲(si)在(zai)其(qi)余的(de)(de)兩個(ge)安裝孔穿過，用M3螺母(mu)固(gu)定。然后(hou)對孔放置CT212S主板(ban)(ban)(ban)，并(bing)再(zai)用4個(ge)M3螺母(mu)固(gu)定住CT212S主板(ban)(ban)(ban)，主板(ban)(ban)(ban)離(li)底殼板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)高度為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)塑性板(ban)(ban)(ban)和一(yi)(yi)只M3螺母(mu)的(de)(de)厚度。

（2）遙控板的安(an)裝

此CT212S方(fang)案的(de)遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)系統由遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)板(ban)(ban)上的(de)紅(hong)外(wai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收頭接(jie)(jie)(jie)收后，通過插排線(xian)進入CT212S主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)，實際(ji)(ji)上單(dan)獨(du)安裝一個紅(hong)外(wai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收頭（加配工(gong)作(zuo)電源(yuan)）就(jiu)可以用(yong)遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)器遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)操作(zuo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收機了。但這樣一來就(jiu)無法(fa)用(yong)三位(wei)LED數碼管觀察節目序號，實際(ji)(ji)使用(yong)中(zhong)會倍感(gan)不便，因此，還必須要保留遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)板(ban)(ban)才(cai)行。接(jie)(jie)(jie)下(xia)來就(jiu)要在光(guang)驅底板(ban)(ban)的(de)中(zhong)間部位(wei)安置遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)板(ban)(ban)。遺憾的(de)是(shi)，光(guang)驅機殼(ke)的(de)尺寸無法(fa)裝下(xia)遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)板(ban)(ban)，圖(tu)(tu)11為遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)板(ban)(ban)的(de)元件圖(tu)(tu)：

不知大家是否(fou)有體(ti)會，雖然接(jie)收(shou)機面板上(shang)(shang)都有輕觸(chu)控制按(an)鍵，但實際上(shang)(shang)我們一(yi)般很少用(yong)(yong)到，更(geng)多的是一(yi)邊(bian)觀察LED數(shu)碼(ma)管或顯示器上(shang)(shang)的信息，一(yi)邊(bian)用(yong)(yong)遙(yao)控器操作和轉換接(jie)收(shou)機的各種工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態。因(yin)此，從實用(yong)(yong)性出發，在(zai)機殼上(shang)(shang)是否(fou)安裝(zhuang)這6只控制按(an)鍵，可根據(ju)自己的需求決定(ding)。

狠下(xia)(xia)(xia)心來，從圖12紅線所(suo)(suo)標(biao)示的(de)(de)地方把(ba)遙(yao)控板(ban)(ban)(ban)截斷，把(ba)右側多(duo)余(yu)的(de)(de)印板(ban)(ban)(ban)也(ye)裁剪(jian)一些，在印刷板(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)心沒有(you)銅箔走線的(de)(de)位置(zhi)打(da)兩(liang)個φ=3.2mm的(de)(de)孔，模擬遙(yao)控板(ban)(ban)(ban)在機(ji)殼底板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)位置(zhi)，在機(ji)殼底板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)對(dui)應位置(zhi)也(ye)打(da)好(hao)兩(liang)個φ=3.mm2的(de)(de)孔。用空心針把(ba)三位LED數碼(ma)管(guan)從遙(yao)控板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)拆下(xia)(xia)(xia)，用12條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)線從遙(yao)控板(ban)(ban)(ban)對(dui)應管(guan)腳(jiao)的(de)(de)焊點上(shang)引(yin)(yin)出，用以(yi)延長連(lian)接(jie)LED數碼(ma)管(guan)。如圖13所(suo)(suo)示，把(ba)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)控制功能用3條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)線從遙(yao)控板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)引(yin)(yin)出（DOWN、UP、COM），把(ba)遙(yao)控紅外接(jie)收(shou)頭和(he)信號(hao)鎖定(ding)燈（發(fa)光二極管(guan)）也(ye)分別焊下(xia)(xia)(xia)，也(ye)用引(yin)(yin)線引(yin)(yin)出紅外接(jie)收(shou)頭和(he)信號(hao)鎖定(ding)指(zhi)示燈相關(guan)控制。

請注(zhu)意：在引(yin)(yin)出(chu)這些引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)后，必須在焊接(jie)點位置，用透明膠帶(dai)在遙控板(ban)上粘繞數圈或用扎線(xian)(xian)條緊固(gu)，目的(de)(de)是固(gu)定(ding)住焊接(jie)的(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)端頭，否(fou)則當這些引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)擺(bai)動數次(ci)后，就很(hen)容(rong)易引(yin)(yin)起(qi)引(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)從焊接(jie)點斷開，從而導致短路、斷路等情況的(de)(de)發生(sheng)。

采用(yong)固定CT212S主板(ban)(ban)相同的(de)(de)辦法(fa)把(ba)遙(yao)(yao)控板(ban)(ban)用(yong)M3螺(luo)絲固定，把(ba)拆下的(de)(de)三位(wei)(wei)LED數(shu)碼管焊到一塊22×25mm的(de)(de)標(biao)準孔小“洞洞板(ban)(ban)”上，把(ba)從遙(yao)(yao)控板(ban)(ban)LED數(shu)碼管位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)引出的(de)(de)12條引線焊到這塊洞洞板(ban)(ban)對應(ying)的(de)(de)管腳(jiao)上。

如果想在截斷(duan)的遙控板上恢復(fu)按(an)鍵(jian)控制(zhi)功(gong)能，或想在前面板實現6只按(an)鍵(jian)控制(zhi)功(gong)能，只需按(an)圖13所示，在七條(tiao)銅箔線上引出相應控制(zhi)就可以了（功(gong)能控制(zhi)線6條(tiao)，公共線1條(tiao)）。

（3）耳(er)放板（光驅前控(kong)板）的(de)安裝(zhuang)

原光(guang)驅(qu)前控板(ban)上設計有出（入(ru)）盒、CD放(fang)音(yin)輕觸按(an)(an)鍵，讀(du)(du)盤信(xin)(xin)號(hao)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)、耳(er)機(ji)(ji)(ji)音(yin)量調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)位(wei)器、3.5mm耳(er)機(ji)(ji)(ji)插口（座），該(gai)板(ban)上同時有進出碟托(tuo)盤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路、光(guang)驅(qu)主軸電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路，托(tuo)盤定位(wei)邏(luo)輯開關等，見圖14。決(jue)定用(yong)該(gai)板(ban)上耳(er)機(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)大電(dian)(dian)路來實(shi)現接收機(ji)(ji)(ji)音(yin)頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)耳(er)機(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)大，用(yong)出（入(ru)）盒、放(fang)音(yin)輕觸按(an)(an)鍵作(zuo)為接收機(ji)(ji)(ji)“上(UP)、下(xia)(DOWN)”控制鍵，用(yong)讀(du)(du)盤信(xin)(xin)號(hao)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)實(shi)現接收機(ji)(ji)(ji)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)鎖(suo)定指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)功能，并利用(yong)該(gai)板(ban)安置和固定LED三(san)位(wei)數碼顯示(shi)(shi)管和紅外線接收頭。

這款(kuan)光(guang)驅前(qian)控板(ban)耳機(ji)放(fang)大(da)電(dian)路由(you)一(yi)塊PHILIPS的TDA1308雙運放(fang)集(ji)成電(dian)路構成，當初放(fang)CD光(guang)碟(die)時(shi)就有不(bu)(bu)俗的音質，可以肯定，用在接收(shou)機(ji)上也(ye)會有不(bu)(bu)錯(cuo)的表現。光(guang)驅前(qian)控板(ban)（注：以下均稱為：耳放(fang)板(ban)）有關接口示意圖(tu)見圖(tu)15所示。

在(zai)光驅(qu)(qu)底(di)殼(ke)板(ban)(ban)上比照光驅(qu)(qu)前控塑料面板(ban)(ban)原來的固(gu)(gu)定位置，把耳放(fang)(fang)板(ban)(ban)也恢復其原位置（緊貼(tie)前面板(ban)(ban)），使耳機調(diao)節旋鈕的調(diao)整(zheng)自然方(fang)便(bian)，板(ban)(ban)上的兩個(ge)(ge)輕觸(chu)(chu)按(an)鍵(jian)(jian)（原放(fang)(fang)音鍵(jian)(jian)和(he)出盒(he)鍵(jian)(jian)）與前面板(ban)(ban)的按(an)鍵(jian)(jian)應(ying)接觸(chu)(chu)正(zheng)常（輕按(an)即可觸(chu)(chu)及耳放(fang)(fang)板(ban)(ban)上的輕觸(chu)(chu)按(an)鍵(jian)(jian)），保持(chi)耳放(fang)(fang)板(ban)(ban)不動，在(zai)其兩個(ge)(ge)固(gu)(gu)定孔(kong)與光驅(qu)(qu)底(di)殼(ke)的對應(ying)位置，各(ge)打一個(ge)(ge)φ3.2的安裝孔(kong)，分別用(yong)25cm長的M3螺(luo)絲,先穿過安裝CT212S主板(ban)(ban)后剩(sheng)余的兩個(ge)(ge)橡膠墊(dian)圈，再用(yong)M3螺(luo)母(mu)固(gu)(gu)定好，為(wei)固(gu)(gu)定耳放(fang)(fang)板(ban)(ban)做好準備。

按(an)照(zhao)圖15所示，切斷耳放(fang)板(ban)原(yuan)來的LED讀盤(pan)指示燈(deng)與(yu)原(yuan)電路板(ban)的連接，切斷原(yuan)出（入）盒(he)、放(fang)音(yin)輕觸按(an)鍵與(yu)電路板(ban)的連接（均保留管腳焊(han)盤(pan)銅(tong)箔(bo)），并用(yong)萬用(yong)表檢(jian)測一下，以(yi)確保無誤。

按(an)圖15所(suo)示，把(ba)從遙(yao)控板上引(yin)出的信號鎖(suo)定指示燈(deng)(deng)引(yin)線焊到LED讀盤指示燈(deng)(deng)的兩(liang)個(ge)管腳(注意正、負極)。把(ba)從遙(yao)控板引(yin)出的3條引(yin)線（UP、DOWN、COM）對應焊接到兩(liang)個(ge)輕觸(chu)按(an)鍵的銅箔線上。

由于前期已經在(zai)CT212S主板(ban)(ban)上做好了L、R音頻(pin)信(xin)號和5V電源輸出，現在(zai)只(zhi)用(yong)一(yi)個4線(xian)排插(cha)插(cha)到(dao)CT212S主板(ban)(ban)上的四線(xian)插(cha)座中(zhong)就可以了。引(yin)出了L、R音頻(pin)信(xin)號和5V電源，這一(yi)端按(an)圖15所(suo)示，焊接耳放板(ban)(ban)的L、R音頻(pin)輸入(ru)和5V電源輸入(ru)。

在原光驅的(de)(de)(de)(de)前控塑(su)料面(mian)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間位(wei)置鉆(zhan)一個M3.2的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)孔(kong)，作為紅外線接(jie)收窗口。比(bi)照三(san)位(wei)LED數碼管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬度，把光驅托(tuo)盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)前面(mian)板截(jie)斷3cm，比(bi)照電(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)關按鍵(jian)（見(jian)后）的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置和直(zhi)徑，在右端鉆(zhan)出(chu)一個8mm圓(yuan)孔(kong),見(jian)圖16所示。

以圖17所(suo)示，把耳(er)(er)放板(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)M3螺母固定(ding)在(zai)底殼(ke)上后(hou)，為固定(ding)三位LED數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)管洞(dong)洞(dong)板(ban)(ban)，用(yong)(yong)兩根長約5cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)粗銅條分別焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)LED數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)管洞(dong)洞(dong)板(ban)(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩側，彎曲銅條，使LED三位數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)具置正好處在(zai)光驅前(qian)(qian)塑料面(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進出(chu)(chu)托(tuo)盤口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左部(bu)，同時使銅條另(ling)一端(duan)正好貼附在(zai)耳(er)(er)機插座附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅箔面(mian)上，保證三位LED數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)管位置在(zai)前(qian)(qian)面(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確位置后(hou)，把銅條焊在(zai)耳(er)(er)放板(ban)(ban)上；在(zai)耳(er)(er)放板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中部(bu)焊上原拆(chai)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外遙(yao)控接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地線(xian)，電(dian)源腳和(he)信號輸出(chu)(chu)腳分別焊到從(cong)遙(yao)控板(ban)(ban)引出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延長線(xian)上，調整紅(hong)外遙(yao)控接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)高度時，以紅(hong)外線(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)窗口(kou)正好對準在(zai)前(qian)(qian)控面(mian)板(ban)(ban)為它加(jia)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)φ3.2的(de)(de)(de)(de)開孔為準，并用(yong)(yong)適量的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱熔膠固定(ding)紅(hong)外遙(yao)控接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)頭(tou)。

如果(guo)想在接收機上(shang)實現全部(bu)按(an)鍵操(cao)作，可以按(an)照(zhao)圖13所示(shi)，在前面板或上(shang)蓋板加裝相應的(de)6個輕觸按(an)鍵即可，其功能(neng)分別為(wei)：UP：上(shang)；DOWN：下；LEFT：左；RIGHT：右；MENU：菜單(dan)；OK：確(que)認；COM：公(gong)共。

2、上蓋板部分

（1）12V直流(liu)輸(shu)入電源板

按圖22所示，在上蓋板的(de)后部模擬好12V電(dian)源(yuan)板的(de)位置，按照CT212S主板同樣的(de)安裝方式，用四(si)只長度為15mm的(de)M3螺絲安裝固定。

（2）直流(liu)電(dian)源插座、電(dian)源開關(guan)、小(xiao)型(xing)12V電(dian)源切換(huan)繼電(dian)器(qi)。

以圖19所示，在光驅(qu)上蓋板(ban)(ban)側面（靠近12V電(dian)源板(ban)(ban)處），鉆一個約φ=7mm的(de)圓孔，固(gu)定充(chong)電(dian)輸入插座。

以圖20所示，為安(an)裝接收機(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開關(guan)，找一塊約(yue)2×3cm大小的(de)(de)敷銅板，比照電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開關(guan)插腳打孔(kong)，然后把電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開關(guan)焊(han)上(shang)，在(zai)光驅(qu)上(shang)蓋(gai)板的(de)(de)左前部（倒置時(shi)）鉆(zhan)(zhan)兩個φ=3.2mm的(de)(de)孔(kong)，先穿(chuan)M3螺絲用螺母固定(ding)(ding)(ding)，然后比照兩個孔(kong)的(de)(de)距(ju)離，在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開關(guan)板上(shang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)兩個同樣距(ju)離的(de)(de)孔(kong)，用固定(ding)(ding)(ding)CT212S主板的(de)(de)方法，用兩只1cm長(chang)的(de)(de)M3螺絲把電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開關(guan)板固定(ding)(ding)(ding)，這只電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開關(guan)的(de)(de)具置和高度，應以套上(shang)鈕帽后正好(hao)落在(zai)光驅(qu)托盤蓋(gai)板為它準備的(de)(de)開口為準（圖16），電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)切換(huan)繼電(dian)器的(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)也(ye)如法炮制鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)上(shang)螺絲固定(ding)(ding)(ding)。

3、鋰電電池組

鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)固(gu)定較為(wei)麻煩一(yi)點，決(jue)定扣壓(ya)(ya)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)殼上(shang)蓋板上(shang)。單獨把(ba)緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)放在(zai)(zai)上(shang)蓋板上(shang)，比(bi)量(liang)好鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)殼內的(de)(de)位置，記下鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)四(si)個(ge)角在(zai)(zai)上(shang)蓋板所處(chu)的(de)(de)位置，然后分別鉆4個(ge)φ=3.2mm的(de)(de)孔，用(yong)四(si)個(ge)長度為(wei)30mm的(de)(de)M3螺(luo)絲穿(chuan)過(guo)，先(xian)用(yong)螺(luo)母(mu)固(gu)定，再用(yong)一(yi)塊(kuai)面積合適的(de)(de)塑(su)性(xing)文件夾板把(ba)鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池扣壓(ya)(ya)固(gu)定，其關鍵(jian)點為(wei)塑(su)性(xing)板四(si)個(ge)孔的(de)(de)位置，即要(yao)拉緊(jin)(jin)、拉直，又要(yao)正好套(tao)入(ru)四(si)個(ge)螺(luo)絲，最后再用(yong)4個(ge)M3螺(luo)母(mu)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)固(gu)定，見圖22中左(zuo)部分。

以圖(tu)21所(suo)示(shi)，連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源開關、直流電(dian)(dian)源插座、鋰電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)、電(dian)(dian)源轉換繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器。

用(yong)502膠水把光驅托盤(pan)蓋板(ban)(ban)粘貼到前(qian)控塑料(liao)面板(ban)(ban)上(shang)，三位LED數碼(ma)管(guan)可以用(yong)夏天街上(shang)流行的遮陽帽上(shang)深色透明(ming)聚酯材(cai)料(liao)裁(cai)剪成相(xiang)同面積加以裝(zhuang)飾（為看清LED數碼(ma)管(guan)，照片(pian)為未加有色透明(ming)遮擋板(ban)(ban)）。

注：除圖(tu)8外，其余圖(tu)片中的高頻頭均為免蓋后的實體圖(tu)，在實際使用中應(ying)蓋上，以增強屏蔽效果。

圖(tu)22、23為全部固(gu)定好(hao)后的機(ji)內安裝實體圖(tu)，圖(tu)24為前(qian)視圖(tu)，圖(tu)25為后視圖(tu)。

顯示(shi)器：5.6英寸液晶彩色電視機

為(wei)(wei)了更好地體現出這套(tao)接收系統(tong)的便(bian)攜優勢，顯示設備的便(bian)攜性也是重要的一環，本(ben)人的5.6英寸彩色液晶(jing)電視機即作為(wei)(wei)微型接收機的最佳搭檔。這部液晶(jing)彩電能實現從DS-1～DS-57頻(pin)道和(he)從Z-1～Z-38所(suo)有(you)(you)CATV增(zeng)補頻(pin)道的全面覆蓋，帶(dai)有(you)(you)AV輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)，TV射頻(pin)信(xin)號(hao)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)，亮度、色度和(he)音量(liang)調節，電源為(wei)(wei)12V直流電源輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)。

小液晶電視一般主要(yao)由(you)(you)調諧器(qi)、中頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)號處(chu)理、液晶屏和驅動電路(lu)組(zu)成。CRT TV接收系統(tong)一般由(you)(you)高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)頭、中放電路(lu)圖(tu)(tu)像電路(lu)、伴音電路(lu)掃描電路(lu)等(deng)組(zu)成一個完(wan)整的(de)系統(tong)，才能夠輸出復(fu)合視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)號。該機所用的(de)調諧器(qi)型(xing)號為(wei)TEKE4-193A，為(wei)電壓調諧型(xing)全(quan)增補頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)道高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)頭，支持(chi)PAL D/K制式(shi)；中頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)放大、視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)波(bo)、伴音解調等(deng)由(you)(you)LA7530擔(dan)任(ren)；視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)解碼(ma)電路(lu)采用CXA1621S擔(dan)任(ren)，CXA1621S是(shi)PAL/NTSC雙制式(shi)視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)解碼(ma)器(qi)，視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)號被送入CXA1621S后，視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)號中的(de)彩色副載波(bo)通過4.43MHz晶振(或(huo)3.58MHz晶振，由(you)(you)外(wai)電路(lu)切換)能被正(zheng)確識別，從而(er)解調出RGB信(xin)號和同步(bu)信(xin)號。外(wai)觀圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)26。

該機所用的(de)液晶屏(ping)是5.6英寸模擬接口顯示屏(ping)，液晶屏(ping)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)是一個(ge)超薄結(jie)構(gou)，背光源的(de)燈(deng)管安置在液晶屏(ping)邊(bian)緣。見(jian)圖27。

液(ye)晶屏驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)板接(jie)口輸(shu)入(ru)信(xin)號(hao)有R、G、B三基色信(xin)號(hao)、視頻(pin)復合(he)同步信(xin)號(hao)等，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)路(lu)由伽(jia)瑪校正（γ校正）、時(shi)序(xu)控制（TIMING CONTROL，也稱T-CON IC）兩大部(bu)分(fen)組成，其中M52338FP是伽(jia)碼校正IC，M6780B是時(shi)序(xu)控制IC。液(ye)晶屏驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)路(lu)板外觀見圖28。

R、G、B信號(hao)被送入液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)屏(ping)驅(qu)動(dong)板后，首(shou)先(xian)進(jin)行A/D轉換。由(you)于液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)材(cai)料的(de)(de)扭轉透光率與輸入模擬信號(hao)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)非線(xian)性，會使人眼觀(guan)察的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)顯示圖(tu)像失真(zhen)，所以必須要進(jin)行γ校正，以補償由(you)于液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)非線(xian)性帶(dai)來的(de)(de)圖(tu)像失真(zhen)。經(jing)過γ校正后的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)RGB信號(hao)經(jing)時序控(kong)制電(dian)路被分成液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)行列矩(ju)陣驅(qu)動(dong)信號(hao)，驅(qu)動(dong)相(xiang)應像素(su)格內(nei)液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)材(cai)料的(de)(de)扭曲，從而顯現(xian)出完整的(de)(de)視頻圖(tu)像。圖(tu)29為液(ye)(ye)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)彩(cai)電(dian)內(nei)部全景圖(tu)。

電源(yuan)控制(zhi)和充放(fang)電問題

從(cong)圖30可以看出,在(zai)未插(cha)(cha)入12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器(qi)和16V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(這種(zhong)情(qing)況通(tong)(tong)常是(shi)在(zai)室(shi)外(wai)調(diao)星無(wu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情(qing)況下(xia))，兩(liang)(liang)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)繞組無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組通(tong)(tong)過兩(liang)(liang)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的常閉(bi)觸點分(fen)別(bie)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)口和接(jie)收(shou)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，此(ci)時(shi)如果(guo)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)口上接(jie)入液(ye)(ye)晶彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可向液(ye)(ye)晶彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和接(jie)收(shou)機同(tong)時(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當插(cha)(cha)入12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器(qi)時(shi)，兩(liang)(liang)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的常閉(bi)觸點斷開(kai)，常開(kai)觸點閉(bi)合，12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器(qi)向接(jie)收(shou)機直(zhi)接(jie)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)通(tong)(tong)過肖特基二極(ji)管向液(ye)(ye)晶彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果(guo)需(xu)要(yao)向鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),需(xu)切(qie)斷12V適(shi)配(pei)(pei)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。在(zai)16V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓通(tong)(tong)過B繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)常閉(bi)觸點向鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),還可以作為接(jie)收(shou)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(要(yao)注意接(jie)收(shou)機主板12V用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單元可承受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值,一(yi)般(ban)均為音頻緩沖(chong)放大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路用(yong)(yong)(yong))，這樣的設(she)計簡單,實際使用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)靈(ling)活(huo)方便(bian)。本人在(zai)制作中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了兩(liang)(liang)個單刀12V繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)個雙刀12V繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)會更合理,耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會更少。

圖(tu)30為(wei)簡易的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路原理圖(tu)，用次(ci)級雙12V交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，經(jing)一只(zhi)SR3040肖特基雙二極(ji)管全波整流(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)，經(jing)2200μF/25V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容濾波輸出約(yue)16V直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，串(chuan)入一個3歐的(de)大功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護，對完全放完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)起(qi)始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)1A左右，隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)推(tui)移，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐步減小(xiao)，四個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)后(hou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)約(yue)為(wei)600mA，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會(hui)出現(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)斷時(shi)(shi)續現(xian)象，說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已經(jing)接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路開始起(qi)作用。按(an)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)特性(xing)這時(shi)(shi)應(ying)轉入定(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式（對該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)定(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)在(zai)12.6V左右），就可(ke)以將鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)至最(zui)佳狀(zhuang)態(tai)。但(dan)對簡單充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式來說；這時(shi)(shi)也可(ke)以結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。測量此(ci)時(shi)(shi)的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在(zai)12.6V。3歐大功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻也可(ke)以換成一只(zhi)汽車用的(de)12V燈(deng)泡，將自(zi)動保(bao)持近似的(de)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，并且充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果要勝過用3歐大功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻限流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)辦法。

讓鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)只(zhi)供(gong)應接(jie)收機(ji)工作(zuo)，測量供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流約(yue)在0.8A，連續供(gong)電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)為兩個半(ban)小時后，由(you)于鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)保護板電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)保護電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而斷(duan)開供(gong)電(dian)(dian)回路，接(jie)收機(ji)停止工作(zuo)，測量鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護板的(de)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)截(jie)止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約(yue)為6V。

接收機(ji)與液晶(jing)彩(cai)電搭配工作(zuo)的情(qing)況

由于這(zhe)款微型接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)(cha)口(kou)處就有鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓），因此，此液(ye)晶彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)移動環境下(xia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供應就變(bian)的(de)(de)非常簡單了，自(zi)焊一(yi)(yi)個(ge)兩(liang)頭帶(dai)對(dui)應插(cha)(cha)頭的(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)線(xian)，通過(guo)接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)側面加(jia)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)(cha)座，就可以讓液(ye)晶彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)共用接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)內部的(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)了。接(jie)(jie)收機(ji)的(de)(de)AV信號與(yu)液(ye)晶彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)線(xian)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)為3.5mm雙(shuang)芯插(cha)(cha)頭，另一(yi)(yi)端(duan)為雙(shuang)蓮花插(cha)(cha)頭。12V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)兩(liang)個(ge)端(duan)子是兩(liang)個(ge)φ=5.2mm的(de)(de)直插(cha)(cha)插(cha)(cha)頭。

圖31、32為衛(wei)星接(jie)收機和液晶彩電搭配(pei)的工作圖片：

讓(rang)(rang)5.6英寸液晶彩(cai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成一個完整(zheng)的衛視接(jie)收(shou)系統，對(dui)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)(zu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)滿，連(lian)接(jie)妥(tuo)當，讓(rang)(rang)12.6V鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)(zu)對(dui)液晶彩(cai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)同時供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，測量供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為1.8A。

使用發現，這(zhe)款CT212S接(jie)收機(ji)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)記憶正(zheng)常、穩定(ding)。盲(mang)掃(sao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不再增加機(ji)器(qi)內已存有的(de)(de)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)參數(shu)(shu)，免除了重復儲存；聲道(dao)記憶采用每一個(ge)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)單(dan)獨記憶（LL、RR、LR）方(fang)式，盲(mang)掃(sao)或增加的(de)(de)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)默認的(de)(de)聲道(dao)方(fang)式是(shi)“L、R”；通過遙控(kong)器(qi)按(an)鍵(jian)，可將(jiang)視頻(pin)制式鎖定(ding)在(zai)(zai)PAL、NTSC或者(zhe)是(shi)AUTO方(fang)式；當接(jie)收的(de)(de)衛(wei)星(xing)信(xin)(xin)號強(qiang)度(du)達到接(jie)收機(ji)的(de)(de)門限時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)信(xin)(xin)號質量(liang)指(zhi)示(shi)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)值約在(zai)(zai)30左(zuo)右(you)(FEC；1/2或3/4)，與200C型(xing)8.73MT版本的(de)(de)海克威盲(mang)掃(sao)王相(xiang)類(lei)似，這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)設計方(fang)案對尋星(xing)調星(xing)來說是(shi)非(fei)常方(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)。而且當接(jie)收的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號強(qiang)度(du)較弱時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)“信(xin)(xin)號質量(liang)”指(zhi)示(shi)條為紅色，而信(xin)(xin)號強(qiang)度(du)較大時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)自動變為綠色，這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號指(zhi)示(shi)功能(neng)的(de)(de)設計可謂是(shi)體貼入(ru)微、方(fang)便(bian)之(zhi)極；該機(ji)同樣(yang)支(zhi)持22K和Diseqc1.0中(zhong)頻(pin)切換等(deng)功能(neng)；在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)常接(jie)收狀態時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，三位(wei)LED數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)管顯示(shi)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)序號，在(zai)(zai)進入(ru)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)信(xin)(xin)息狀態時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，數(shu)(shu)碼(ma)管則(ze)(ze)顯示(shi)節目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)“信(xin)(xin)號質量(liang)”數(shu)(shu)值。連(lian)續供電(dian)1小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)15分鐘后，鋰(li)電(dian)保護板自動斷電(dian)，接(jie)收機(ji)和液(ye)晶(jing)彩電(dian)在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)電(dian)電(dian)池組供電(dian)的(de)(de)整個(ge)過程中(zhong)工作均正(zheng)常。

篇10

每天早上被突(tu)如(ru)其來的鬧鈴聲(sheng)吵醒，是不(bu)是總感覺痛苦不(bu)堪?深層睡眠(mian)被突(tu)然打斷可能會讓你(ni)(ni)一天都精(jing)神(shen)不(bu)振。設計師Embrvo或(huo)許被這(zhe)個問題困擾(rao)得很厲害，所以想了個新(xin)招。這(zhe)個藏在枕頭(tou)里的“不(bu)鬧”鐘，在預定(ding)時(shi)間之(zhi)前(qian)40分鐘起開始發光，并且(qie)逐漸變亮，讓你(ni)(ni)可以安靜地睡到(dao)自然醒。

TOP 2巧克(ke)力便攜U盤拆(chai)分你的存(cun)儲(chu)空間

這個(ge)概念設(she)計(ji)的存儲器就仿(fang)佛(fo)是(shi)一(yi)大(da)巧克力，其(qi)中的每一(yi)個(ge)小塊是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)獨立閃存單元(yuan)，可以單獨當作U盤使用，很個(ge)這樣的閃存單元(yuan)連接到(dao)一(yi)起構成容量(liang)大(da)的存儲器。中間(jian)的液晶(jing)屏幕則可以查看到(dao)各個(ge)單元(yuan)的使用狀況。如果真能投產，相信(xin)會有不少人喜歡的。

TOP 3合二為一的(de)插線板　創新(xin)無處不在

歷來設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師們在電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)上花功夫，無非是改改形式或是把電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)模(mo)塊化拆分，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)個設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)倒真的(de)(de)(de)從根本上對插線板(ban)(ban)進行(xing)了(le)一(yi)次革新。電(dian)(dian)源線和插線板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)功能被融合在一(yi)起，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)出了(le)一(yi)條電(dian)(dian)線模(mo)樣的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)，如果(guo)能用上這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)插線板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)話，相(xiang)信(xin)會給家居生(sheng)活(huo)帶來一(yi)些不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)驗。

ToP 4移植的回形(xing)針(zhen)設(she)計(ji)投產有難度

這是(shi)一套回形(xing)針(zhen)設(she)計。設(she)計師把(ba)我們在電(dian)腦(nao)上已經(jing)看慣的各(ge)種(zhong)圖標移植到(dao)回形(xing)針(zhen)上，用來對文件進行歸(gui)類整理(li)。想法非(fei)常不錯，不過在那(nei)么小的物件上做出(chu)各(ge)種(zhong)圖標，真正投入生產不知會不會有難度呢?

TOP 5會自(zi)動彎(wan)曲的勺子(zi)冷暖自(zi)知

看到這個(ge)彎曲成90度的勺子你(ni)或(huo)許不(bu)覺(jue)得(de)(de)奇怪(guai)(guai)，但是(shi)(shi)如(ru)果告訴你(ni)，常溫下這個(ge)金(jin)屬勺子是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)的，只有放進熱(re)的飲料或(huo)者用(yong)其他方法加熱(re)之后才(cai)會彎曲，冷(leng)卻后又會變(bian)直(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)覺(jue)得(de)(de)有些奇怪(guai)(guai)了?其實它采用(yong)了特殊的形狀記憶合金(jin)，這是(shi)(shi)一種在加熱(re)升溫后能完全消除其在較低(di)的溫度下發生的變(bian)形，恢復其變(bian)形前(qian)原始形狀的合金(jin)材(cai)料。