導語(yu)：如何才能寫好一篇市政工程監理(li)質量(liang)控制(zhi)要點，這(zhe)就需要搜(sou)集整(zheng)理(li)更多(duo)的資(zi)料和文獻，歡(huan)迎閱讀由公務員之(zhi)家整(zheng)理(li)的十篇范(fan)文，供你(ni)借鑒。

篇1

【關鍵詞】市政工程；質量控制；監理要點(dian)

工程監理單位是(shi)建筑市(shi)場的主(zhu)題之一(yi)，建設工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)是(shi)一(yi)種高智能的有償技(ji)術(shu)服務。建設工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)屬于業主(zhu)方項目管理(li)的范(fan)疇(chou)。從事(shi)建設工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)活動(dong)，應(ying)當遵守國家(jia)有關(guan)法律(lv)、行(xing)政法規(gui)，嚴格(ge)執行(xing)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設程(cheng)(cheng)序、國家(jia)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設強(qiang)制性標準和有關(guan)標準、規(gui)范(fan)，遵循(xun)守法、誠信、公平、科學的原則，認(ren)真履行(xing)委托監(jian)理(li)合(he)同。

質量控制是質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)一部分，致力于滿足質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)一系列相關(guan)活(huo)動；其包(bao)括作業技術活(huo)動和(he)(he)管理(li)活(huo)動。質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制是在明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)目標和(he)(he)具體的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下，通(tong)過(guo)行動方案和(he)(he)資源配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)計劃、實施(shi)、檢查和(he)(he)監(jian)督，進行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)目標的(de)(de)(de)事前預控(kong)、事中(zhong)控(kong)制和(he)(he)事后糾偏控(kong)制，實現(xian)預期(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)目標的(de)(de)(de)系統過(guo)程。

市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)目(mu)標是：建立(li)全面的質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，強化承包人自檢體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的管理(li)，嚴格做好中間的質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)及現場質(zhi)量(liang)驗(yan)(yan)收，搞好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序監(jian)(jian)測(ce)，強調(diao)以(yi)(yi)事前控制(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)，嚴格開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)報(bao)告(gao)的審(shen)批(pi)，預防質(zhi)量(liang)通(tong)病的發生，杜絕施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)事故，確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)創優。影(ying)響(xiang)市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的因(yin)素比(bi)較多,通(tong)常可(ke)以(yi)(yi)概(gai)括(kuo)為(wei)人、材料(liao)、機械、方法和環境(jing)五個(ge)方面。市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)實際上就是通(tong)過調(diao)查研究外(wai)部環境(jing)和系(xi)統(tong)內部環境(jing),預測(ce)和分析各種可(ke)能出(chu)現或已出(chu)現的質(zhi)量(liang)偏差,并采(cai)取有效的措施(shi)對這些(xie)因(yin)素進行控制(zhi),以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)目(mu)標的實現，這也是監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的核心問題(ti)。

市政工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)階段質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控制監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務：對(dui)(dui)所(suo)有(you)的(de)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)程在進(jin)行(xing)隱(yin)蔽以(yi)前進(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)和(he)(he)辦(ban)理(li)(li)簽證，對(dui)(dui)重點工(gong)(gong)程由監(jian)理(li)(li)人員駐點跟蹤監(jian)理(li)(li)，簽署重要(yao)(yao)的(de)分項、分部工(gong)(gong)程和(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)評定(ding)表；對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)放(fang)樣進(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)，對(dui)(dui)發現(xian)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問題(ti)應及(ji)時通知施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)糾正，并做好監(jian)理(li)(li)記(ji)錄(lu)；檢查(cha)和(he)(he)確(que)認運(yun)到施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場的(de)材料、構建和(he)(he)設(she)備(bei)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，并應查(cha)驗(yan)(yan)試驗(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)化驗(yan)(yan)報告單(dan)(dan)，監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程師有(you)權禁止不(bu)(bu)符合質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)材料和(he)(he)設(she)備(bei)進(jin)入(ru)工(gong)(gong)地和(he)(he)投入(ru)使用；監(jian)督(du)(du)施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)嚴格按照施工(gong)(gong)規范和(he)(he)設(she)計文件要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行(xing)要(yao)(yao)求；監(jian)督(du)(du)施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)施工(gong)(gong)合同(tong)；對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)部位(wei)、主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)環(huan)節及(ji)技術復雜工(gong)(gong)程加強檢查(cha)；檢查(cha)和(he)(he)評價(jia)施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程自檢工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；對(dui)(dui)施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)檢測儀設(she)備(bei)、度量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)衡定(ding)期檢查(cha)，不(bu)(bu)定(ding)期地進(jin)行(xing)抽檢，以(yi)確(que)保度量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)資料的(de)準確(que)；

監督施工單位對各類土木和混凝土試件按規(gui)定進行檢查和抽(chou)查；監督施工單位認真(zhen)處理施工中發生的一(yi)般質(zhi)量事(shi)故(gu)，并認真(zhen)做好記錄；對大(da)和重大(da)質(zhi)量事(shi)故(gu)以(yi)及其(qi)他緊急情(qing)況報告業(ye)主。

市政工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)階段(duan)是監理控(kong)(kong)制工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)決定性環節，在施(shi)工(gong)階段(duan)推行(xing)(xing)以動(dong)態(tai)控(kong)(kong)制為主，事(shi)先(xian)預(yu)防為輔的(de)(de)管(guan)理方法(fa)，主要抓住事(shi)先(xian)指(zhi)導(dao)、事(shi)中(zhong)檢查、事(shi)后驗收三個環節。一切以現場(chang)實(shi)測數據(ju)資料(liao)為依據(ju)，做(zuo)(zuo)好各項提(ti)前預(yu)控(kong)(kong)，從(cong)預(yu)控(kong)(kong)角度出發(fa)，主動(dong)發(fa)現問題，對(dui)重點部(bu)位、關鍵工(gong)序進(jin)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)態(tai)控(kong)(kong)制。在施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，抓住“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制點”的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制，對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)做(zuo)(zuo)到全過(guo)程(cheng)、全方位的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監控(kong)(kong)，從(cong)而有效(xiao)地實(shi)現工(gong)程(cheng)項目施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)全面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制。

建(jian)立健全質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)體(ti)系是確保(bao)(bao)市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)前提，監(jian)理單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)應該嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)核(he)查承(cheng)(cheng)包單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)資質(zhi)、營業執(zhi)照,熟悉施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)(cheng)包合同、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)(cheng)包范圍(wei)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期要求、質(zhi)量(liang)目標(biao)等；嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)核(he)查承(cheng)(cheng)包單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)管理體(ti)系、技(ji)術管理體(ti)系和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)管理體(ti)系；嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)核(he)查承(cheng)(cheng)包單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)職(zhi)管理人員、特殊崗位(wei)(wei)人員的(de)(de)資格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)和(he)(he)上崗證(zheng),核(he)查單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)領(ling)導班子的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理機構(gou)(gou)落實情(qing)況；嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)審查承(cheng)(cheng)包單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)送達的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an), 并明確材料、構(gou)(gou)配(pei)件(jian)采購(gou)訂貨控制程(cheng)(cheng)序,核(he)查施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械設(she)備配(pei)置到位(wei)(wei)情(qing)況；做好設(she)計交底(di)與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)現(xian)場核(he)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師應透徹了解設(she)計原則和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)要求,并督促承(cheng)(cheng)包單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)認真做好圖紙(zhi)核(he)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，發現(xian)問題及時上報(bao)建(jian)設(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)；建(jian)立并完善項目監(jian)理機構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)控體(ti)系,做好監(jian)控準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。

實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)動態(tai)控(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，事中(zhong)認(ren)真檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)是控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)根(gen)本，重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從(cong)以(yi)下(xia)幾個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)加(jia)強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)：①、加(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)及(ji)半(ban)成品等(deng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)員配(pei)(pei)備、組織管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)等(deng)各個(ge)環(huan)節上(shang)加(jia)強(qiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，明(ming)確對材(cai)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)和技術(shu)標準。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師對原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)、半(ban)成品或構配(pei)(pei)件的(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)場(chang)、存放、保管(guan)(guan)(guan)條件及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間監(jian)(jian)控(kong)等(deng)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴格(ge)(ge)審(shen)查(cha)并(bing)確認(ren)其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)合格(ge)(ge)后,方(fang)(fang)(fang)可入(ru)場(chang)使(shi)用(yong)。②、嚴格(ge)(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)“三(san)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”制(zhi)度(du)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)召開由施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位技術(shu)負(fu)責人(ren)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)員及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隊工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長參加(jia)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)會議，加(jia)強(qiang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)意識(shi)，明(ming)確在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，每道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)執行(xing)(xing)“三(san)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”制(zhi)度(du)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)有(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位專職質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)員簽(qian)(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)，然后經監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)、簽(qian)(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)認(ren)定(ding)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)可進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)下(xia)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。如果施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位沒(mei)(mei)有(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)“三(san)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”或專職質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)員沒(mei)(mei)有(you)簽(qian)(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員拒絕(jue)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)采用(yong)巡視、平行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)、跟班旁監(jian)(jian)，隨機抽查(cha)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，待(dai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)“三(san)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”后再進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一步驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)，徹底消滅(mie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題。③、加(jia)強(qiang)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)是質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)一個(ge)關(guan)鍵(jian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，嚴格(ge)(ge)把好隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)簽(qian)(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)關(guan)，發(fa)現(xian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)隱(yin)患及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)向施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位提出整改。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)合格(ge)(ge)，再由專職質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)員核(he)定(ding)等(deng)級(ji)并(bing)簽(qian)(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，填(tian)寫好驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)表單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)遞交(jiao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)，然后由監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師組織施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位項目(mu)專業質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)（技術(shu)）負(fu)責人(ren)等(deng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)。現(xian)場(chang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)復(fu)核(he)有(you)關(guan)材(cai)料(liao)證(zheng)明(ming)、試驗(yan)報告、復(fu)試報告等(deng)保證(zheng)資料(liao)是否齊全。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)員簽(qian)(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)不能流(liu)于(yu)形(xing)式，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)真正去(qu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)，再由監(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)。監(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)發(fa)現(xian)問題及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)書(shu)面(mian)形(xing)式通知(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位，待(dai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位處理(li)(li)(li)或返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完后，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)再進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)復(fu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，嚴格(ge)(ge)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)把關(guan)，保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。④、緊(jin)抓“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)點”，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)規模、特點和技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，從(cong)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)出發(fa)，確定(ding)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)“質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)點”項目(mu)。當施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)首(shou)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)到現(xian)場(chang)去(qu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)，驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)結(jie)果要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符合規范(fan)及(ji)設(she)(she)計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)可允許進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)下(xia)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)點部位、關(guan)鍵(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)包括：土(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)回填(tian)、混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)灌注樁澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)，地下(xia)連續(xu)墻、土(tu)釘墻、后澆(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)及(ji)其(qi)他混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)、防水混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)等(deng)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)題結(jie)構工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)包括：混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)(jiao)筑(zhu)，預應力(li)張拉(la)，水穩碎石(shi)基層、瀝青混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)等(deng)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)現(xian)場(chang)旁站。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)認(ren)真細致(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)，嚴格(ge)(ge)按(an)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規范(fan)和設(she)(she)計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)。對臨界項目(mu)，則要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)“三(san)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)”，實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)交(jiao)接檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)，避免不同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種交(jiao)接時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題和隱(yin)患帶(dai)入(ru)下(xia)一道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)中(zhong)。

事(shi)后驗(yan)收，及時處理(li)(li)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題是(shi)控(kong)制工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的最(zui)后保(bao)證，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制中最(zui)后的補救措施(shi)是(shi)事(shi)后驗(yan)收。通過事(shi)后驗(yan)收對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中存在的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)缺(que)陷或重大質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)隱患，通過總監理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師及時下發(fa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)暫停(ting)令，要求(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)整改。并配(pei)合(he)有關單(dan)(dan)位(wei)及時提出(chu)解決的方(fang)案。將問(wen)題處理(li)(li)。從而達到既(ji)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)又(you)不影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)，避免不必(bi)要的經(jing)濟損(sun)失。對于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)缺(que)陷監理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師既(ji)要及時提出(chu)合(he)理(li)(li)可(ke)行的處理(li)(li)意(yi)見或方(fang)案，又(you)要幫助施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)找(zhao)出(chu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題產生的原因，制定防范措施(shi)，不斷提高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)水平。這樣可(ke)使施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員與(yu)監理(li)(li)人員更加密切配(pei)合(he)，共同(tong)努力(li)提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

結語

市政工程建設的監理過程是一個非常復雜的系統工程,監理單位應當依照法律、法規及有關的技術標準、設計文件和建筑工程承包合同，對承包單位在施工質量、建設工期和建設資金使用等方面，代表建設單位對工程質量實施監理，并對施工質量承擔監理責任。因此，監理在市政工程中要嚴格質量控制要點進(jin)行監(jian)理工作(zuo)，以確保工程施(shi)工質量。

參考文獻：

篇2

關鍵詞(ci) 市政工程施工工程監理

1、市(shi)政工程項目質量控制的重(zhong)要性

隨著我國改革開放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深化，基建投(tou)資項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)，使得市政施工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)也(ye)隨之大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)發展。但(dan)由于對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)未能進行有效地控(kong)制(zhi)，重大(da)(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)事故(gu)時有發生，并出(chu)現了一批粗制(zhi)濫造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“豆腐渣”工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，給國家(jia)和人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財產造(zao)成(cheng)重大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失和危害。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問題已(yi)成(cheng)為實施擴(kuo)大(da)(da)內需、加(jia)大(da)(da)基礎設(she)施建設(she)和發展國民(min)經濟等重大(da)(da)決策(ce)成(cheng)敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)很多，在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，各個環節(jie)都(dou)存在著影響質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素，如施工(gong)(gong)(gong)時材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)差異、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)改變、天氣(qi)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損等，都(dou)會產生質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變異，造(zao)成(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)事故(gu)。因(yin)而，分析市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)因(yin)素，把握市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方法，對(dui)提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水平極其重要。

2、當前(qian)市政工程質(zhi)量(liang)中存(cun)在的(de)問題

2.1技(ji)術(shu)標準問題

現在的(de)市政(zheng)設計(ji)、施工標準(zhun)與實(shi)際發展相比，有(you)的(de)標準(zhun)滯后，有(you)的(de)標準(zhun)空缺，這制約了工程(cheng)質量水(shui)平的(de)提高，造成先天不足。

2.2市政工(gong)程施工(gong)圖審查問(wen)題

現在(zai)國家(jia)有建筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)圖設(she)計文件審(shen)查(cha)(cha)辦(ban)法(fa)，但無市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)圖設(she)計文件審(shen)查(cha)(cha)管理辦(ban)法(fa)，這使市(shi)政(zheng)施(shi)工(gong)圖審(shen)查(cha)(cha)機構(gou)在(zai)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)市(shi)政(zheng)施(shi)工(gong)圖時有些審(shen)查(cha)(cha)難以操作(zuo)(zuo)。其次，許多地(di)市(shi)縣(xian)施(shi)工(gong)圖審(shen)查(cha)(cha)機構(gou)，無市(shi)政(zheng)施(shi)工(gong)圖審(shen)查(cha)(cha)資質，無相應(ying)資格專業人(ren)員，這就使施(shi)工(gong)圖審(shen)查(cha)(cha)批準制度難以得到切實(shi)貫徹，并難以發揮其應(ying)有的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

2.3設計問題

現(xian)在(zai)有(you)些(xie)市政設計(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)的專業(ye)素質能(neng)力與實(shi)際科技發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平相比，還有(you)待于進一(yi)步提高，有(you)些(xie)設計(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)對現(xian)在(zai)國家新(xin)上的項目如污水處理廠等的設計(ji)缺(que)乏應有(you)的知識及經驗，使得(de)在(zai)施(shi)工單(dan)位按圖(tu)施(shi)工時，出現(xian)圖(tu)紙自相矛盾，各專業(ye)圖(tu)紙之間相互打架，設備無法(fa)安裝，因(yin)設計(ji)不合理造(zao)成的經濟損失現(xian)象時有(you)發(fa)(fa)生。

2.4建設單位方(fang)面問(wen)題

市(shi)政工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建設單(dan)位(wei)多為當地建設行(xing)(xing)政主管部(bu)門(men)或(huo)其授權（委(wei)托）的(de)單(dan)位(wei)（部(bu)門(men)），有(you)些單(dan)位(wei)由于自身的(de)權力，不執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)基本建設程(cheng)(cheng)序，不執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)項目法人(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)、招投標制(zhi)(zhi)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理制(zhi)(zhi)、合(he)同管理制(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)多日還(huan)沒有(you)簽訂正式施(shi)(shi)工(gong)合(he)同、監(jian)理合(he)同；有(you)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)不辦(ban)理規劃許可(ke)證、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量監(jian)督手續和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)許可(ke)證，檢查時才(cai)補辦(ban)，時常出現“三邊工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)”；這極(ji)易導致工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目設計上的(de)功(gong)能不全或(huo)其他缺陷和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量隱患(huan)，造成工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量內在品質(zhi)的(de)降低，運行(xing)(xing)后出現大量質(zhi)量問題(ti)。

3、監(jian)理做好市(shi)政(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工質(zhi)量控制的(de)方法(fa)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)

市政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量與(yu)市民生活息息相關(guan)。近(jin)年來(lai)隨著(zhu)市政(zheng)道(dao)路等基礎設施建設的飛(fei)速發(fa)展，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量有了很(hen)大提高，監(jian)理單(dan)位(wei)在保證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量、加快施工(gong)進展和降低(di)造價方(fang)面(mian)的作用(yong)功(gong)不可沒，做好市政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量監(jian)理應先做好以下幾方(fang)面(mian)工(gong)作：

3.1明(ming)確(que)監理程序，規范施工過(guo)程。

通過第一(yi)次(ci)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地會議進行監(jian)理(li)交(jiao)底，明確(que)監(jian)理(li)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，規范各個(ge)環節(jie)。我們要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)“四報(bao)審(shen)”（即(ji)報(bao)審(shen)現場(chang)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)體系、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度計(ji)劃、開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)申請），施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中要(yao)(yao)做好(hao)“五(wu)報(bao)驗(yan)”（即(ji)報(bao)驗(yan)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)構配件、隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量、分部分項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)意外情況(kuang)處理(li)）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以(yi)及規范原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)控(kong)制(zhi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作控(kong)制(zhi)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)交(jiao)接檢驗(yan)和專業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種中間驗(yan)收各個(ge)環節(jie)，堅持“四不(bu)準”（即(ji)未經監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師簽字，原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)不(bu)準使用；不(bu)準進入下道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)；不(bu)準進行竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收；業(ye)(ye)主不(bu)準撥付工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款）。

3.2做好質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)控，合理確(que)定質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)制(zhi)點。

由(you)于市政工(gong)程施工(gong)時所受影響因素較多，出(chu)現問題(ti)的(de)頻率也(ye)較大。這(zhe)就要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)監理工(gong)程師要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合項目的(de)特(te)點，認真讀圖并查閱(yue)相關資料，靠自身(shen)知(zhi)識和(he)經驗(yan)的(de)積累及強(qiang)烈的(de)預見性，針對工(gong)程可能出(chu)現的(de)各種質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)制定(ding)預控對策(ce)，通過設置質(zhi)量(liang)控制點（見證點和(he)停止點）使之消(xiao)除(chu)于萌芽狀態。市政工(gong)程常見的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控制要(yao)(yao)點，如：軟弱路(lu)基處理、地下管(guan)線預埋、灰(hui)土路(lu)基含灰(hui)量(liang)、路(lu)床及路(lu)基壓實度(du)、路(lu)基彎沉值、路(lu)面(mian)砼強(qiang)度(du)、路(lu)面(mian)坡度(du)、標高等；雨污水管(guan)險平基，管(guan)座及安管(guan)質(zhi)量(liang)、管(guan)內(nei)底高程、各種檢查井砌筑，管(guan)道閉水試驗(yan)及回填土壓實度(du)等。

3.3做(zuo)好施工過程的(de)質(zhi)量監理(li)。

監理(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師的(de)跟蹤和(he)巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)現(xian)場(chang)控制的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要環(huan)節，在(zai)(zai)市政工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)(li)時要做到(dao)“多(duo)巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)、抓關(guan)鍵、查(cha)細(xi)部、盯重(zhong)(zhong)點、多(duo)動(dong)手(shou)”。只(zhi)有多(duo)巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)才能及時掌(zhang)握工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)動(dong)態，發現(xian)并(bing)糾正存在(zai)(zai)的(de)問題；巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)時要抓關(guan)鍵如(ru)(ru)預埋地下管線、地下障礙(ai)及軟弱(ruo)土的(de)處理(li)(li)、路基的(de)壓實度(du)及排水管內底高程(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)；檢查(cha)驗(yan)收時要重(zhong)(zhong)點查(cha)細(xi)部如(ru)(ru)接頭(tou)及邊角部位(wei)；施工(gong)時要對重(zhong)(zhong)點部位(wei)如(ru)(ru)含灰(hui)量(liang)和(he)砼澆筑等(deng)實施旁(pang)站監理(li)(li)，做到(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)點盯防。監理(li)(li)巡(xun)(xun)視(shi)(shi)和(he)驗(yan)收中發現(xian)的(de)問題要多(duo)動(dong)手(shou)寫成文字及時通知施工(gong)單位(wei)，要求限期整(zheng)改，并(bing)對處理(li)(li)后的(de)結果予以復查(cha)。

3.4做(zuo)好工(gong)程材料的工(gong)作監(jian)理

工(gong)程材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)監(jian)(jian)理材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是構(gou)成(cheng)工(gong)程結構(gou)的(de)“細胞”，如不嚴格檢(jian)驗(yan)，使用了(le)不合格的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，會直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)工(gong)程內(nei)在質量。因(yin)此，監(jian)(jian)理必(bi)須嚴格把關，加強質量檢(jian)測、復(fu)測，控(kong)制(zhi)好原材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質量，防止(zhi)(zhi)不合格材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)場。材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)場須有廠家出廠質量檢(jian)驗(yan)單(dan)(dan)，施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位對所進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)每一批材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)都要嚴格檢(jian)查驗(yan)單(dan)(dan)，監(jian)(jian)理應(ying)(ying)及時抽查。同時，由于材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在貯存、運(yun)物(wu)等(deng)過程中受環境(jing)、氣候(hou)、時間等(deng)自(zi)然因(yin)素影(ying)響(xiang)，材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)會發生(sheng)一些物(wu)理、化(hua)學變化(hua)，另(ling)還受廠家的(de)試驗(yan)手(shou)段、設備、人員等(deng)因(yin)素影(ying)響(xiang)，材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)場后施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位應(ying)(ying)按規定(ding)要求，另(ling)作(zuo)檢(jian)測和試臉，監(jian)(jian)理還應(ying)(ying)按“規范(fan)”規定(ding)的(de)頻數(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行復(fu)核試驗(yan)，以(yi)證實其準確性和可(ke)靠性。某道路工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)過程中，曾(ceng)發生(sheng)由材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)產廠家提供空(kong)白“質保單(dan)(dan)”，由施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位自(zi)己填寫(xie)的(de)情況。這種相互(hu)串(chuan)通(tong)、弄虛作(zuo)假(jia)的(de)現象，給監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)作(zuo)帶來困難。幸好發現及時，得以(yi)有效制(zhi)止(zhi)(zhi)。可(ke)見，要能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)好進(jin)(jin)(jin)場的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質量，僅僅審(shen)查施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位提交的(de)檢(jian)測報告(gao)是不夠的(de)。

4、結束語

市政工程現場質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)涉及的(de)(de)(de)內容較多(duo)，遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)也是多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)，而且貫(guan)穿于施工階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)全過程。監理(li)只有(you)(you)在工作中做到(dao)科學有(you)(you)序，才(cai)能有(you)(you)效地控制(zhi)工程質(zhi)量(liang)，避免不必要的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)事(shi)故發生，提升市政工程的(de)(de)(de)整體質(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平。

參考文獻

篇3

關鍵詞：市政工程；管理(li)要(yao)點(dian)；分(fen)析

中圖分類號：TU99文(wen)獻(xian)標識碼(ma)： A

一、市政工程項(xiang)目管理的現狀

(1)我國目前建設(she)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)市場(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)，監(jian)(jian)督管理(li)(li)(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)持(chi)(chi)證上崗是保(bao)證監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工程質量的(de)前提(ti)，由(you)于我們當前建設(she)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)市場(chang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan)和監(jian)(jian)督管理(li)(li)(li)機制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善，許多持(chi)(chi)證的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)由(you)于身兼數職而不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)正常上崗監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)，而另(ling)外一(yi)些在崗的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)又沒有(you)相關(guan)證書，甚至不(bu)(bu)(bu)具備相關(guan)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)資格，使(shi)得監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo)出現偏差 雖然有(you)的(de)公司給予相關(guan)的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)培訓，但沒有(you)實質效(xiao)果(guo)，使(shi)得監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)隊伍質量不(bu)(bu)(bu)高，從而影響工程的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)果(guo)。

(2)缺乏質量意(yi)識(shi)(shi)。由于某些市政工程為(wei)了應付檢查，往(wang)往(wang)只重視工期而忽視質量，埋(mai)下(xia)質量隱患，有(you)的(de)工程責任主體(ti)對強制(zhi)性標(biao)準根本不(bu)(bu)熟(shu)悉，或者知道(dao)但卻不(bu)(bu)嚴格執行，甚至有(you)的(de)人沒有(you)嚴格的(de)質量意(yi)識(shi)(shi)，對道(dao)路(lu)工程結構安全問題重視不(bu)(bu)夠，于是人為(wei)地降(jiang)低質量要求。

(3)市政工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)市場化管(guan)理(li)(li)不夠規范。市政工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)設(she)單(dan)位應按照(zhao)基本建(jian)設(she)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，執(zhi)行項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)法人制(zhi)(zhi)，招投(tou)標(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)，合同(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，但有的部門不自(zi)覺執(zhi)行基本建(jian)設(she)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，或者不執(zhi)行項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)法人制(zhi)(zhi)，招投(tou)標(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)，合同(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)沒有簽訂正式施工(gong)(gong)合同(tong)(tong)，監理(li)(li)合同(tong)(tong)的情況下(xia)就(jiu)開工(gong)(gong) 有些政府投(tou)資項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，為(wei)了(le)早日完成 政績 ，一味地縮短(duan)工(gong)(gong)期，導致工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)設(she)計上功能(neng)不全，可能(neng)埋(mai)下(xia)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)隱患。

(4)質量(liang)管(guan)理不到位。隨著建(jian)筑行業(ye)(ye)的發展，許多分包(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)成長(chang)為總包(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，而這些(xie)總包(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)分包(bao)工程的質量(liang)管(guan)理和現場施工質量(liang)控制(zhi)上存在(zai)疏忽之處(chu) 而有的建(jian)設單(dan)位存在(zai)搞內部項目(mu)承包(bao)的情況，極(ji)大地削弱了(le)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的質量(liang)管(guan)理水平，甚至有的承包(bao)給一些(xie)不具備相應資質的施工單(dan)位，導致施工質量(liang)低(di)劣。

(5)施工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故較多。建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事故頻(pin)發充分暴露(lu)了安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產上的(de)一(yi)些(xie)問題(ti) 首先是安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)第一(yi)，預防為主的(de)的(de)觀念比較淡薄，沒有(you)時刻(ke)將(jiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意(yi)識(shi)灌注到每個施工(gong)人員的(de)頭腦(nao)中；其次(ci)是有(you)關(guan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)法律法規執行的(de)不夠徹底，有(you)些(xie)責任沒有(you)落(luo)實到位(wei)，相關(guan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)措施沒有(you)起到相應的(de)作(zuo)用；另外還(huan)與建(jian)筑(zhu)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理密切相關(guan)，由于建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)市場競爭(zheng)的(de)激烈和(he)企(qi)業(ye)規模的(de)擴大，于是管(guan)理上相對粗放化，使得(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理制度執行不夠嚴格，導(dao)致一(yi)部(bu)分員工(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)知識(shi)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)技能(neng)都掌握得(de)(de)較差，從而埋(mai)下(xia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產方面的(de)隱患。

二、市政(zheng)工程(cheng)的(de)管(guan)理要點

(一)做(zuo)好市(shi)政工程(cheng)的前期準備工作

在進行市(shi)政工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)之前，一定要(yao)對(dui)(dui)其(qi)具有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀把控(kong)，這樣才有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)其(qi)工程任(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)完成，不至(zhi)于(yu)出(chu)現(xian)安全、質量(liang)、經(jing)(jing)濟任(ren)何一方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失控(kong)，所以(yi)做(zuo)好市(shi)政工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前期準備工作(zuo)顯得尤(you)為(wei)必要(yao)。首先，要(yao)對(dui)(dui)市(shi)政工程做(zuo)好預先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃安排，并根據施(shi)(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場等實際情況進行不斷調整和(he)(he)改(gai)善，達到(dao)滿足(zu)要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)止(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)圖紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)審(shen)查工作(zuo)刻不容緩，必須(xu)細致(zhi)入微，以(yi)不損害公眾利(li)益(yi)和(he)(he)環境設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)前提，盡量(liang)使所設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖紙符(fu)合并滿足(zu)人(ren)們日益(yi)增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活需求(qiu)，謹防設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階段出(chu)現(xian)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事物和(he)(he)紕漏(lou)，同(tong)時對(dui)(dui)勘察設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)也不能放(fang)松，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效進行，會對(dui)(dui)整個工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)起到(dao)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用; 其(qi)次，針對(dui)(dui)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工環節(jie)，要(yao)注意編制(zhi)(zhi)合理有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)計(ji)(ji)劃和(he)(he)各種專項施(shi)(shi)(shi)工方(fang)案，再結合施(shi)(shi)(shi)工現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況做(zuo)部分(fen)調整和(he)(he)修改(gai)，保證每一道工序(xu)都規范化和(he)(he)有(you)(you)據可依，調控(kong)好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工進度，以(yi)保證在規定時間(jian)內完成任(ren)務(wu); 最后，要(yao)建(jian)立比(bi)較完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核監(jian)督(du)小組(zu)(zu)，精確成本經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，預先成本計(ji)(ji)算，對(dui)(dui)變更及時審(shen)核保管(guan)，盡可能讓以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工程實施(shi)(shi)(shi)少些(xie)不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻煩。

(二)嚴格進行市政(zheng)施工過程中的質(zhi)量、安(an)全、經(jing)濟(ji)控制

(1)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。1)提(ti)(ti)高人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)。首先在市政工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)中，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)決定(ding)因素。因為無(wu)論從(cong)領(ling)導層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)到一線的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)身素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低(di)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水平起到決定(ding)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。人員(yuan)(yuan)素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高低(di)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)或決定(ding)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，具(ju)體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)現就是(shi)(shi)(shi)其工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)必須(xu)嚴(yan)格管(guan)理(li)(li)其人員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，其前(qian)提(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)崗位(wei)教育和(he)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底(di)，可以(yi)(yi)通過一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)培訓和(he)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底(di)逐漸樹立(li)全體(ti)(ti)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)意(yi)識，同時(shi)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)行(xing)競(jing)爭機制(zhi)和(he)獎(jiang)罰機制(zhi)，通過這(zhe)些制(zhi)度激勵員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)提(ti)(ti)供工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。2)加強原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)物料是(shi)(shi)(shi)形成工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象和(he)要(yao)(yao)素。保證原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)物料按(an)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、按(an)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)供應(ying)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)原(yuan)材(cai)(cai)物料的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“三把(ba)(ba)關，四檢驗”的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)度，即材(cai)(cai)料供應(ying)人員(yuan)(yuan)把(ba)(ba)關，技術(shu)(shu)(shu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢驗人員(yuan)(yuan)把(ba)(ba)關，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人員(yuan)(yuan)把(ba)(ba)關；檢規格，檢驗品種，檢驗質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，檢驗數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。3)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)機器(qi)設(she)備。施工(gong)(gong)機械設(she)備一般不直接(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)體(ti)(ti)，因此對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不產(chan)生直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)，但不能忽視它的(de)(de)(de)(de)間接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)確定(ding)中，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)、可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、符合技術(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)保證和(he)提(ti)(ti)高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有舉足輕(qing)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。特別(bie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)帶有計量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備，要(yao)(yao)定(ding)期進行(xing)檢查和(he)維護，使其達到額定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能，以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

(2)對于安全的(de)(de)(de)把控。“安全第一(yi)”一(yi)直是(shi)所(suo)有建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設中的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則性要求(qiu)，尤其像(xiang)市政工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)這種服務于百姓大眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)，決不可出現安全問題，所(suo)以必須在(zai)實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中認真進行安全隱患的(de)(de)(de)排查與(yu)防護，注重(zhong)安全教育的(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)和(he)知識培訓，提高(gao)員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)安全意識，制定完善的(de)(de)(de)安全管理制度，落實(shi)責任追究，從而更好地避免安全事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生。

(3)對于經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)控制。市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)城市(shi)的(de)基(ji)礎建設項目(mu)(mu)，除了(le)以(yi)服務公眾為(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)的(de)，促進(jin)城市(shi)化(hua)發展(zhan)外，還需(xu)要(yao)巨大的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)利(li)潤的(de)回報，這就使(shi)市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)中的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)成本(ben)控制變(bian)成了(le)工(gong)(gong)程最重要(yao)的(de)需(xu)求目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，所以(yi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)過程中要(yao)全程進(jin)行跟(gen)蹤(zong)式的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)成本(ben)控制，不(bu)放過任(ren)何一個施工(gong)(gong)環節，對人、材(cai)、機的(de)合理調(diao)配和(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)，組織、控制好(hao)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度與(yu)材(cai)料設備所需(xu)費用(yong)，注意記錄、統計和(he)(he)(he)審核(he)，及時做好(hao)簽(qian)證、變(bian)更(geng)的(de)檢查(cha)批(pi)示(shi)，都是(shi)在(zai)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)程做經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)成本(ben)的(de)節約，比如(ru): 對現場機械(xie)設備的(de)維修養(yang)護，提高其利(li)用(yong)率; 需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行的(de)設計變(bian)更(geng)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程簽(qian)證要(yao)經(jing)(jing)得甲方和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)理單(dan)位的(de)審核(he)同意后(hou)方可(ke)生效，這些(xie)都是(shi)在(zai)控制經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)成本(ben)。

(三)加強(qiang)工程竣工的驗收檢查工作

俗(su)話說(shuo): “編筐編簍，重在(zai)(zai)收(shou)口”，一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作很重要(yao)，當把這最后(hou)(hou)一部分施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作完成之后(hou)(hou)，才算(suan)(suan)為整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)畫上一個(ge)圓滿(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)句號。市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作必須做(zuo)到及(ji)(ji)時(shi)、有效、真實(shi)，確保(bao)相關監(jian)督質檢(jian)部門能以(yi)嚴(yan)謹(jin)負責(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度對整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)(mian)、細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查(cha)和驗收(shou)，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)設單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織領導下，各(ge)參(can)建(jian)單位(wei)(wei)共(gong)同對整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)質量(liang)審查(cha)，針對不(bu)滿(man)足要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方提出整改意見，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)自檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，對不(bu)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)部位(wei)(wei)做(zuo)出及(ji)(ji)時(shi)改正，保(bao)證(zheng)符合相關標準(zhun)要(yao)求后(hou)(hou)，才算(suan)(suan)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)，加緊對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整理組(zu)卷，及(ji)(ji)時(shi)上交給有關單位(wei)(wei)。由于(yu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作是最終衡(heng)量(liang)一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是否合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據(ju)，所以(yi)對于(yu)市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)驗收(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作馬虎不(bu)得(de)，一定得(de)全面(mian)(mian)具體，實(shi)現其應有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。

結語

總(zong)之，搞好市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)措施(shi)，不(bu)僅能(neng)夠有效促進(jin)(jin)項(xiang)目(mu)和企業的(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)續發展，推動建筑(zhu)、道路(lu)、水利等行業的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場不(bu)斷前進(jin)(jin)，也能(neng)夠對項(xiang)目(mu)和企業創造良好的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益，對國家和社(she)(she)會(hui)產生(sheng)積極的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)效益。因(yin)此(ci)，作為項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)者(zhe)，我(wo)們一定要開拓創新，總(zong)結經驗教訓(xun)，在市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)實(shi)踐中不(bu)斷摸索，實(shi)現有效的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)策略。

參考文獻

[1]翁宗蘇.市政工程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理要點分析(xi)[J].城市建筑,2013,12:294.

篇4

關鍵詞(ci)：市(shi)政工程；質量管理(li)；控制

前言：

市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為一個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎設(she)施(shi)，它存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義在(zai)于(yu)提高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活水平。隨著我國城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷加(jia)快，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也隨之不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多，然而，當前(qian)我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中存在(zai)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)混亂、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管理不(bu)(bu)強(qiang)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場資源浪費(fei)現象嚴重等情況。所以(yi)，通過加(jia)強(qiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管理從而減少(shao)國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟損失以(yi)及提高(gao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體質(zhi)量(liang)，從而發揮出市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效益，對(dui)于(yu)整個(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管理項目來說是一件(jian)非常有意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，必須堅持“質(zhi)量(liang)第一”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)理念，制度出一個(ge)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標準(zhun)以(yi)及合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理模式，確保市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體質(zhi)量(liang)。

一、目(mu)前市政(zheng)工程施工項目(mu)質量管理存在(zai)的問題(ti)

1.行業技術標準滯后

目前(qian)的(de)市政(zheng)設計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)標(biao)準與(yu)實(shi)際發展相比，有(you)的(de)標(biao)準滯后，有(you)的(de)標(biao)準空缺(que)，這(zhe)制約了工(gong)程質量水(shui)平的(de)提高，造(zao)成先(xian)天(tian)不足。另外，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)規范缺(que)失。現行國家有(you)建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)設計(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)件審(shen)(shen)查(cha)辦法(fa)，但無(wu)(wu)市政(zheng)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)設計(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)件審(shen)(shen)查(cha)管理辦法(fa)，許多地市縣施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)機構，無(wu)(wu)市政(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)資質，無(wu)(wu)相應資格專業(ye)人員(yuan)，這(zhe)就使施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)批準制度難(nan)以得到切(qie)實(shi)貫(guan)徹，并難(nan)以發揮(hui)其應有(you)的(de)作(zuo)用。

2.設計水(shui)平(ping)亟待提高(gao)

現(xian)有市政工(gong)程設(she)計(ji)人員的專業(ye)素質不全(quan)面，設(she)計(ji)能(neng)力與實際科技發展水(shui)平脫節，導致圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)自相矛盾，各專業(ye)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)之間相互打架(jia)，設(she)備無法安裝(zhuang)，因設(she)計(ji)不合理造成的經濟損失現(xian)象屢見(jian)不鮮。

3.建設單(dan)位責(ze)任和監(jian)管不到位

市(shi)政(zheng)工程(cheng)的建(jian)(jian)設單(dan)位(wei)多為當地(di)建(jian)(jian)設行政(zheng)主管部門或其授權（委托）的單(dan)位(wei)（部門），有(you)些單(dan)位(wei)考慮自身(shen)的利益，不能嚴格執行基本(ben)建(jian)(jian)設程(cheng)序(xu)和(he)市(shi)場基本(ben)規則。導致工程(cheng)項目從設計、施工、監理等全(quan)環節(jie)的責任缺(que)陷，從而造成(cheng)工程(cheng)質量問題。

4.施(shi)工(gong)單位質量管(guan)理體系不健全

由于市場還不規范，市場準入門(men)檻不高(gao)，加之多數施工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理存在薄弱環節，有(you)些建筑企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)搞內部項目承包制、轉包掛(gua)靠的(de)行為(wei)(wei)較為(wei)(wei)普遍(bian)，這就削弱了(le)(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)管(guan)理。另外，有(you)些地方(fang)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)扶持建筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)發展，對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資質(zhi)升級提供(gong)了(le)(le)優惠政策，一批分包企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也跨入總(zong)包企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行列，但是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理控制和現場施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)控制實力和能力欠缺，質(zhi)量(liang)問頻發。

5.監理工作(zuo)不(bu)到位

工(gong)程監(jian)理(li)(li)不到位，監(jian)理(li)(li)制度(du)執行不嚴，部分(fen)監(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位存在資質問題(ti)和缺乏專業人才(cai)。在實際監(jian)理(li)(li)過程中，對于(yu)施工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位擅自變更施工(gong)設計、偷工(gong)減料等行為，監(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位往往缺乏有效的監(jian)理(li)(li)措施。

二、項目(mu)質量控制(zhi)的措施

1.以人為本，營造全員(yuan)質量(liang)意識

人(ren)是(shi)生產力(li)中(zhong)最活躍(yue)的因素。在(zai)工程質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)中(zhong)，管理、施(shi)工及操作(zuo)人(ren)員自身素質(zhi)的高低(di)對(dui)工程質(zhi)量(liang)起(qi)決(jue)定性的作(zuo)用(yong)。因此，加(jia)強崗位教育(yu)和技(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)是(shi)保證工作(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)的前提。要通過崗位教育(yu)和技(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)強化(hua)全(quan)(quan)員的質(zhi)量(liang)意識(shi)，努力(li)營造人(ren)人(ren)關心質(zhi)量(liang)，個個重視質(zhi)量(liang)的風氣。輔助實行(xing)競爭機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)和獎懲機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，進一步深化(hua)全(quan)(quan)員質(zhi)量(liang)意識(shi)。

2.循源治本，確(que)保質(zhi)量(liang)

原材(cai)物料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)基礎和要素之一。保證原材(cai)物料(liao)按(an)質(zhi)(zhi)、按(an)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)供(gong)應和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)是工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)重(zhong)要內容。對(dui)原材(cai)物料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)要堅持(chi)“三把(ba)(ba)關(guan)，四檢(jian)(jian)驗”的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度，即材(cai)料(liao)供(gong)應人(ren)員(yuan)把(ba)(ba)關(guan)，技(ji)術質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)驗人(ren)員(yuan)把(ba)(ba)關(guan)，操作(zuo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)員(yuan)把(ba)(ba)關(guan)；檢(jian)(jian)規格，檢(jian)(jian)驗品種(zhong)，檢(jian)(jian)驗質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，檢(jian)(jian)驗數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，從而在源頭上把(ba)(ba)好(hao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)關(guan)。

3.謀定而后動，科學(xue)組(zu)織施工

謀(mou)則立，編(bian)制(zhi)科學(xue)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案(an)是(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)重要內容。科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)包含編(bian)制(zhi)工(gong)程建設周期內的(de)技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)案(an)、工(gong)藝流程、組織措施(shi)(shi)(shi)、檢測(ce)手段、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)組織設計等。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案(an)科學(xue)合(he)理與否(fou)，是(shi)直接(jie)影響工(gong)程項目的(de)進(jin)度控(kong)制(zhi)、質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)、投資控(kong)制(zhi)三大目標能否(fou)實現的(de)關鍵。為此，制(zhi)定施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案(an)必須結(jie)合(he)工(gong)程實際，從技(ji)術(shu)、組織管理、工(gong)藝、操作(zuo)、經濟等方(fang)面進(jin)行(xing)全面分析、綜合(he)考慮，力(li)求方(fang)案(an)技(ji)術(shu)可行(xing)、經濟合(he)理、工(gong)藝先進(jin)、措施(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)力(li)、操作(zuo)方(fang)便，有利于提高質(zhi)量(liang)、加快進(jin)度、降(jiang)低成(cheng)本。

4.樹立全(quan)局觀念， 加強環境(jing)因素的控制

由于影響工程(cheng)項目(mu)質量(liang)的(de)環(huan)境因(yin)素較多，有工程(cheng)技術環(huan)境，如工程(cheng)地(di)質、水文(wen)、氣象等；工程(cheng)管(guan)理環(huan)境，如質量(liang)保證體系、質量(liang)管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)等；勞動組(zu)合(he)(he)、勞動工具(ju)、工作面；也有氣象條件就(jiu)變化(hua)萬千，溫度(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)、大(da)風(feng)、暴雨、酷暑(shu)、嚴寒等都會影響工程(cheng)質量(liang)。所以必須樹(shu)立(li)全局(ju)觀念(nian)，對環(huan)境因(yin)素的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，涉及(ji)范圍較廣，在(zai)擬定控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方案、措施時，必須全面考(kao)慮、綜合(he)(he)分析，才(cai)能(neng)達到有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)目(mu)的(de)

三(san)、市政工程施工項目的進度(du)控制

市(shi)政工程(cheng)和老百(bai)姓現(xian)實工作(zuo)(zuo)和生(sheng)活(huo)息息相(xiang)關(guan)，做好對進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)與控制(zhi)，是市(shi)政工程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重點內容。因為進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)不僅僅會(hui)影響到施(shi)工企業(ye)、單位的(de)(de)(de)經濟利益，更(geng)會(hui)影響到人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常生(sheng)活(huo)以及工作(zuo)(zuo)。所以保(bao)證(zheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)，要堅持做到三(san)(san)點。第一，合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)、科學的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)定出(chu)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)分析(xi)，以確保(bao)每(mei)日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)量都能夠在掌握之(zhi)中(zhong)；第二，市(shi)政工程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)一旦確下來(lai)，項目(mu)經理(li)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)工作(zuo)(zuo)，都要按(an)該劃(hua)合理(li)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)安排；第三(san)(san)，在執行(xing)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，一旦出(chu)現(xian)實際施(shi)工進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)與計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)施(shi)工進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)有(you)偏差(cha)時(shi)，就(jiu)要及時(shi)采(cai)取有(you)效糾偏措施(shi)，以確保(bao)施(shi)工進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)按(an)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)。

四、市政工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)項目(mu)的組織協調管理

施工項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)組織機構管(guan)理與企業組織管(guan)理是局部與整體(ti)的(de)(de)關系，一個高(gao)效的(de)(de)組織體(ti)系是施工項(xiang)目(mu)組織管(guan)理成功的(de)(de)保(bao)證。市(shi)政(zheng)工程施工組織管(guan)理有以下兩個措(cuo)施：

1.選拔(ba)一名(ming)優秀的項(xiang)目經理(li)

項目在實施過程中隨時會出現各(ge)種各(ge)樣的(de)沖突及問題，一名優(you)秀的(de)項目經(jing)理(li)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用也是不言而(er)喻(yu)的(de)。所(suo)以，所(suo)選擇的(de)項目經(jing)理(li)應該具備(bei)多方面的(de)才能，主要要求組織能力(li)、領導能力(li)、臨時應變能力(li)、技術能力(li)等等。作(zuo)(zuo)為工程的(de)總負責人，項目經(jing)理(li)的(de)質量將直接影(ying)響(xiang)到整個施工的(de)進(jin)度與質量。

2.做好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)后的各項(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)

迅組織，籌建(jian)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)臨時設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，即是按照(zhao)監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)，組織開展(zhan)各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。采取(qu)切(qie)實可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術組織措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，克服各種不利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件和自然災害的(de)(de)(de)影響，對各種不利(li)條件預防(fang)為(wei)先，盡量節(jie)約(yue)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期。由于市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程大多是與居民(min)的(de)(de)(de)日常生活(huo)和經濟的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)密切(qie)相關的(de)(de)(de)基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)項目，在(zai)國計(ji)民(min)生中有著重要位置(zhi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位堅持實施(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量成本控制，采取(qu)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)方法，降低市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)成本費用，保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量，才(cai)能夠實現(xian)(xian)政府(fu)和百(bai)姓滿意、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業得(de)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)雙贏局面。

總結：

市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相對(dui)于(yu)其他工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)而(er)(er)言更(geng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜多(duo)樣(yang)，同(tong)時建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)范圍更(geng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣大，所以(yi)(yi)對(dui)于(yu)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量要求也更(geng)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)格。由于(yu)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)為(wei)了更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)于(yu)人(ren)民，所以(yi)(yi)很(hen)多(duo)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用頻率相對(dui)較多(duo)，人(ren)流(liu)量也相對(dui)較大，因此(ci)，市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量將直接關系到人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)安(an)全。而(er)(er)且隨(sui)(sui)著市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展，人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活水(shui)平不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)，對(dui)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求也隨(sui)(sui)之(zhi)不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)，如果工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)與控(kong)制措施不(bu)及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新，那(nei)么會很(hen)難建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)出(chu)一個符合現(xian)代標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)、高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)。

參考文獻：

[1]彭(peng)艷.市政工程施工項(xiang)目質量管理初探[J].科技創(chuang)業家，2014，02：51.

[2]萬守清.市政建筑工程質量問(wen)題與控制初探[J].門窗，2014，10：280.

篇5

關(guan)鍵詞：市政工程(cheng)；管道施(shi)工；質量控制；技術

前言

隨著城市(shi)化建設(she)的(de)不斷加速，市(shi)政(zheng)建設(she)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)城市(shi)發展的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)內容，是(shi)(shi)城市(shi)運轉(zhuan)、民眾(zhong)生(sheng)活的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保障。市(shi)政(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)，強調施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)有效控制。在管(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由于施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)不到(dao)位，造成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)指標不達(da)標，與設(she)計要(yao)求相脫(tuo)節(jie)，進而導(dao)致管(guan)(guan)道漏水、對接(jie)錯位等問題的(de)出現(xian)。為(wei)此，規范市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)標準，提高施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，是(shi)(shi)確保市(shi)政(zheng)管(guan)(guan)道安全(quan)有效運行的(de)關鍵所在。本(ben)文就如(ru)何實現(xian)管(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)控制技術(shu)的(de)有效應用，做了如(ru)下闡述(shu)。

1市政工程管道(dao)施工中存在的質量問(wen)題(ti)

管(guan)(guan)道施工(gong)(gong)是市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程的重(zhong)點，也(ye)是施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制的關(guan)鍵所在。在施工(gong)(gong)過程中，由于(yu)管(guan)(guan)道錯位、漏(lou)水等問題的存在，導致(zhi)管(guan)(guan)道施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)難以(yi)滿(man)足工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計需求。因此，強化對(dui)管(guan)(guan)道施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題的有效認識(shi)，是科學質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制的基礎。

1.1平順(shun)度誤(wu)差，溝槽出現陡(dou)坡等問題

在(zai)管(guan)道施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，平順(shun)度的(de)有(you)效控制，是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)控制的(de)關鍵所(suo)在(zai)。但(dan)是(shi)，從實(shi)際來看，市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，由于(yu)基地挖掘標準不統(tong)一(yi)、人工(gong)(gong)清理不到位，進而導致(zhi)平順(shun)度誤(wu)差。這樣一(yi)來，管(guan)道溝槽極易(yi)出現(xian)陡坡等(deng)問題，影響(xiang)管(guan)道的(de)鋪設施工(gong)(gong)。與此同時，在(zai)人工(gong)(gong)及(ji)設備(bei)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，由于(yu)挖掘技術落(luo)實(shi)不到位，基于(yu)經驗(yan)式的(de)施工(gong)(gong)，容易(yi)造成平順(shun)度誤(wu)差。

1.2施工不到(dao)位，管道出現錯位問題

市(shi)政管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)具有(you)復雜性，易(yi)(yi)受外(wai)界因素的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，在(zai)施工(gong)中，測(ce)量(liang)誤差(cha)、溝(gou)槽積(ji)水等(deng)問題，都會(hui)對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)造成影(ying)響。首(shou)先(xian)，在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)前(qian)期，缺乏科學有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)勘(kan)查，地理環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)不到(dao)位(wei)，導致施工(gong)階(jie)段積(ji)水、倒坡嚴重，影(ying)響施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)；其次，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口對接不到(dao)位(wei)、平順度存在(zai)問題，進而導致管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝出(chu)(chu)現錯位(wei)。錯位(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)在(zai)實際運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中，易(yi)(yi)于出(chu)(chu)現積(ji)水等(deng)問題，這就造成管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)效(xiao)率低、易(yi)(yi)腐蝕，頻繁(fan)出(chu)(chu)現管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)破裂等(deng)問題；再次，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)防腐蝕工(gong)作開(kai)展不到(dao)位(wei)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中出(chu)(chu)現較為嚴重的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕，降低了管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。

1.3管道(dao)特殊部位技術不(bu)(bu)到位，控制管理不(bu)(bu)科學

市政管(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)是一(yi)項技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)有(you)效落實(shi)，是確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)重要(yao)基礎。但(dan)是，從實(shi)際(ji)來(lai)看，管(guan)(guan)道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)，由于(yu)處理(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)不到位(wei)(wei)，導致(zhi)接口不穩固，出現管(guan)(guan)道漏水等問(wen)題。工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)控制管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)科學化，是提高施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)重要(yao)環節。由于(yu)現場管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、建材質(zhi)量(liang)關控制不到位(wei)(wei)，以(yi)至(zhi)于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場混(hun)亂，工(gong)程(cheng)變更(geng)頻(pin)繁，影響工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。

2市(shi)政工(gong)程管道施(shi)工(gong)質量控(kong)制技術

市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的有效(xiao)控制，是確(que)保管道(dao)(dao)有效(xiao)運行的重要(yao)基礎。在(zai)(zai)筆者看(kan)來，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的控制，要(yao)落(luo)實(shi)要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技(ji)術，特別(bie)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程測量技(ji)術、溝槽開挖技(ji)術、管道(dao)(dao)安裝技(ji)術等，都(dou)需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中落(luo)實(shi)到(dao)位。因此，具(ju)體而(er)言，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程管道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量控制技(ji)術，主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)于以(yi)下幾個方面(mian)：

2.1工程(cheng)測量(liang)技術的(de)有效應用(yong)

管(guan)道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境有(you)較高要求，特別是(shi)(shi)平順度的(de)(de)有(you)效控制，是(shi)(shi)提高管(guan)道鋪設及(ji)安裝質量(liang)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)所在。因此，工(gong)(gong)程測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)技(ji)術的(de)(de)有(you)效應(ying)用，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)要在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前期，結合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)實際(ji)情況，對(dui)(dui)(dui)規劃設計進(jin)(jin)行(xing)現場測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)。特別是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)水(shui)準(zhun)點(dian)、線(xian)(xian)點(dian)等，要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有(you)效的(de)(de)核對(dui)(dui)(dui)比較，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前期施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)(que)性；二是(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)過程中，要確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)良好環境。一(yi)方(fang)面測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)要嚴格(ge)依照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)，并(bing)準(zhun)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)確(que)(que)定測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)樁的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，便于(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)開展；另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面，測(ce)(ce)(ce)定數(shu)據(ju)并(bing)記(ji)錄之(zhi)(zhi)后，要做(zuo)好放線(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，這是(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)重要內(nei)容；三是(shi)(shi)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)(que)性。測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)人(ren)員(yuan)要對(dui)(dui)(dui)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)確(que)(que)認，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)關(guan)鍵(jian)數(shu)據(ju)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)二次(ci)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)要做(zuo)好測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)后的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)嚴格(ge)審查。

2.2溝槽(cao)開挖技術(shu)的有效(xiao)落實

管道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重要(yao)(yao)環節。在(zai)測量工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)完成之后，工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)開(kai)(kai)完階段。該階段對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術有較高要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)(bao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量符合(he)設計要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。如(ru)圖(tu)1所示，是(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)剖(pou)面圖(tu)。在(zai)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)的(de)有效構建(jian)直接關系到溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量。從圖(tu)可知(zhi)，在(zai)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)結構的(de)構建(jian)中(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)分為(wei)三(san)大體(ti)系：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)保(bao)(bao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)穩定的(de)關鍵(jian)所在(zai)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)板樁。為(wei)了防止溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)滑坡等情況的(de)出現，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)購置鋼(gang)板樁，穩固溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)周邊(bian)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)圍檁(lin)，為(wei)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)結構中(zhong)的(de)小梁，起到托住(zhu)鋼(gang)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。此(ci)外，在(zai)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)科學選擇(ze)(ze)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)方式(shi)，合(he)理(li)控制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)械設備的(de)使用。在(zai)確(que)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效率的(de)同時，更要(yao)(yao)嚴格控制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)控制(zhi)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)的(de)斷面形(xing)式(shi)，基于實際(ji)需(xu)求(qiu)，選擇(ze)(ze)聯合(he)槽(cao)(cao)或(huo)梯形(xing)槽(cao)(cao)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)選擇(ze)(ze)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)形(xing)式(shi)，采取人工(gong)(gong)、機(ji)(ji)械結合(he)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方式(shi)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)盡量避(bi)免(mian)挖(wa)掘中(zhong)泥土(tu)層剝落，注意挖(wa)掘的(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)兩邊(bian)泥土(tu)夯實情況是(shi)(shi)(shi)否達到標準。

2.3管道安裝技術有效控制

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)環節，從管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇到管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，強(qiang)調施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)效控制(zhi)，避(bi)免因(yin)技(ji)術(shu)到位(wei)(wei)而影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。在(zai)筆者看來，安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效控制(zhi)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)：2.3.1管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)科學選(xuan)(xuan)擇管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效控制(zhi)，是(shi)確(que)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)前提(ti)。在(zai)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇上，一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)基于(yu)(yu)規(gui)劃設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇符合(he)技(ji)術(shu)標準的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。特別是(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度、防腐性(xing)、嚴密性(xing)等(deng)(deng)指標值，要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)符合(he)實際(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；二(er)是(shi)做(zuo)好管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)驗收管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)驗收中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)檢(jian)查管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)接(jie)縫、強(qiang)度等(deng)(deng)是(shi)否符合(he)規(gui)定，并做(zuo)好管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，減(jian)少外界環境的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。2.3.2管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)三個方面：（1）在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前期(qi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)溝槽(cao)進行清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)溝槽(cao)淤泥(ni)、積水等(deng)(deng)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行有(you)效清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)良好的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境；（2）安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)依(yi)照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)范，確(que)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)精(jing)準對(dui)(dui)接(jie)；（3）作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)接(jie)口進行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)，并做(zuo)好密封處(chu)理(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)特殊部(bu)位(wei)(wei)，如(ru)雨污(wu)水管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)進行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)，強(qiang)調橡膠圈(quan)插口技(ji)術(shu)到位(wei)(wei)；（4）做(zuo)好養護工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，提(ti)高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)運行安(an)全。

3結束語

總而言之，市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)一(yi)項講究技(ji)術、強調管(guan)理的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術的有效落(luo)實，直接關系到工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)。在(zai)筆(bi)者看來，管(guan)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)控制的技(ji)術要點，在(zai)于三個方(fang)面(mian)：一(yi)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)測(ce)量(liang)技(ji)術，減(jian)少平順誤差、避免(mian)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)錯位(wei)；三是(shi)溝(gou)槽(cao)開挖技(ji)術，為(wei)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)安裝創(chuang)設良好環境；三是(shi)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)安裝技(ji)術有效控制，落(luo)實管(guan)材(cai)選擇(ze)、接口處(chu)理技(ji)術等重點工(gong)(gong)作。

參考文獻

[1]陳(chen)曉.市政工(gong)程管(guan)道施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)技術及監理措施[J].建筑(zhu)工(gong)程技術與設計，2016（03）.

[2]農昌很(hen).淺談市(shi)政工程給排(pai)水管道施工質量控(kong)制(zhi)[J].建筑工程技術與設(she)計(ji)，2016（08）.

[3]王(wang)斌.市(shi)政給排水管道施工質量控制要點分(fen)析[J].城市(shi)建設理論研究（電子版），2015（12）.

[4]顧寅.市政工程(cheng)排水(shui)管道施(shi)工質(zhi)量的控制(zhi)策略(lve)研究[J].住宅與房地(di)產，2016（02）.

篇6

【關鍵詞】市政給(gei)排水(shui)工(gong)程；施工(gong)質量；施工(gong)管理

作(zuo)為城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)經濟社會正常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)重要保(bao)障的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政給排水(shui)設(she)施(shi)，是與經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展、社會的(de)(de)(de)進步、人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)活水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)提高分不開的(de)(de)(de)，而且在(zai)加強城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)管理(li)，改善投資環(huan)境，美(mei)化城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境中起著舉足輕(qing)重的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。作(zuo)為城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)經濟社會發(fa)展基礎、直接為人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政給排水(shui)設(she)施(shi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)好壞直接關(guan)系到城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)運(yun)轉、人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)活秩序能(neng)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)維持，直接影響到經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)社會的(de)(de)(de)穩定。因此，加強市(shi)(shi)(shi)政給排水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，規范市(shi)(shi)(shi)政給排水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)體制勢在(zai)必(bi)行(xing)。

1 給排水工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)質量管理概述(shu)

1.1 給排水工程施工質量管理

一般來說，市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)。給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城市(shi)輸(shu)送(song)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，排(pai)泄城市(shi)內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，但隨著經濟(ji)發展、城市(shi)規模的(de)擴(kuo)大，現代給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)已(yi)經成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城市(shi)控制以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)媒介的(de)傳染(ran)(ran)病和(he)(he)(he)環(huan)境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)(ran)的(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活設(she)施(shi)，是城市(shi)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)和(he)(he)(he)市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)主要組成部(bu)分。作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城市(shi)發展必不可少的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)高人(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)活水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)和(he)(he)(he)對外開放基(ji)(ji)本(ben)條件的(de)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)，它(ta)的(de)施(shi)工質量管理在整(zheng)個市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)工程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工項目中(zhong)占(zhan)有(you)舉(ju)足輕(qing)重(zhong)的(de)地(di)位。

作為一項(xiang)城(cheng)市市政工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)重點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)給排水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，它的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理中的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求主要有以下兩個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)：（1）質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要有明確(que)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主體和明確(que)的(de)(de)建設目標（；2）質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要按照預(yu)定(ding)的(de)(de)計劃和技術標準(zhun)實施(shi)(shi)。給排水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)主要包括準(zhun)備、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)和竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收三(san)個(ge)(ge)階段，在市政給排水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)理中，可以從這三(san)個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)(mian)分別論述質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)，保證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量。

1.2 給排水(shui)工程施工質量管(guan)理(li)現狀、問題

伴隨著(zhu)市政(zheng)給(gei)排(pai)水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量管理法規的(de)(de)頒(ban)布實施(shi)，加上對市政(zheng)給(gei)排(pai)水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體全面化，過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)完整化，監(jian)督(du)手段科(ke)學化，市政(zheng)給(gei)排(pai)水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量監(jian)督(du)體制逐(zhu)步建(jian)立，市政(zheng)給(gei)排(pai)水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量水平也有了明顯的(de)(de)提高(gao)。但(dan)是市政(zheng)給(gei)排(pai)水工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)質量管理仍然存在著(zhu)一些問(wen)題：

1.2.1給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)控制意識不(bu)強。在(zai)市(shi)政給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，由于市(shi)政給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)特(te)殊性，一般市(shi)政給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是城市(shi)發展過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)過渡產品，建設主體會過度(du)追求工(gong)(gong)(gong)期而忽視質(zhi)量(liang)，加上(shang)市(shi)政給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是一個與其他市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)互聯系(xi)(xi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，監(jian)理人(ren)員往(wang)往(wang)忽視某一方面，比如認為城市(shi)道路與給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沒有(you)(you)多(duo)大關系(xi)(xi)，過度(du)重視城市(shi)道路而忽略給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，造成城市(shi)排(pai)水(shui)不(bu)暢、內澇。還(huan)有(you)(you)些施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍沒有(you)(you)嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準，造成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)下降。

1.2.2給(gei)排水(shui)施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)不(bu)完(wan)善(shan)，質(zhi)量(liang)責任(ren)制落(luo)實(shi)不(bu)到(dao)位。隨著城市(shi)市(shi)政給(gei)排水(shui)工程設(she)(she)施(shi)的不(bu)斷(duan)擴(kuo)充，有關的質(zhi)量(liang)檢測標準(zhun)也應該隨著設(she)(she)施(shi)而不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)完(wan)善(shan)，否則(ze)，會造成質(zhi)量(liang)檢測標準(zhun)滯后，無法適應不(bu)斷(duan)更新(xin)換代的市(shi)政給(gei)排水(shui)工程建設(she)(she)，項目工程質(zhi)量(liang)也難以得到(dao)保證。除(chu)此之外，權、責、利落(luo)實(shi)不(bu)到(dao)位，當(dang)出現質(zhi)量(liang)問題時，找不(bu)到(dao)責任(ren)人，影響施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)的保證。

1.2.3施工(gong)單(dan)位管理(li)(li)不(bu)嚴格(ge)，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)存(cun)在(zai)問題(ti)。有(you)些施工(gong)單(dan)位對(dui)項目管理(li)(li)意(yi)識不(bu)強，項目管理(li)(li)體系(xi)不(bu)健全，沒(mei)有(you)很強的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識，對(dui)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)在(zai)意(yi)，對(dui)施工(gong)要求(qiu)不(bu)關心，技術力(li)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)強，施工(gong)過程(cheng)混亂，導致項目管理(li)(li)問題(ti)重重。

1.2.4施工監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位質量管理(li)(li)存在問題。監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)體制不(bu)健(jian)全，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)要求(qiu)，程序不(bu)完善，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)處罰力度不(bu)夠。監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作要求(qiu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人員的綜合能力高，專業知識強，但是大多數(shu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人員水平參(can)差不(bu)齊，人員混亂(luan)。目前市(shi)政給排水工程監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位多，大部分單位內部機構混亂(luan)，人員結構不(bu)合理(li)(li)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)程序不(bu)完善，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)達不(bu)到(dao)(dao)要求(qiu)。

2 給排水工程施(shi)工質量管理措(cuo)施(shi)

市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)開發。從(cong)總(zong)體來說，要(yao)(yao)(yao)取得項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)，高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，首(shou)先必須(xu)(xu)注意以下幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)面(mian)：首(shou)先，要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開發項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行正確科學(xue)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)調研，并對(dui)(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行相應的(de)(de)研究，制定切實(shi)可行的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)計劃方(fang)案。其次，當確定一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時，首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)計項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)方(fang)案，加上市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)與(yu)其他(ta)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，如城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)道路、園(yuan)林綠化、橋梁、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)防洪、路燈、環(huan)境衛(wei)生(sheng)等一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)相互聯系、不可分(fen)割的(de)(de)整(zheng)體綜(zong)合(he)性項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)綜(zong)合(he)考慮各方(fang)面(mian)因(yin)素(su)對(dui)(dui)所要(yao)(yao)(yao)開發的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行科學(xue)的(de)(de)方(fang)案設(she)計。最后，必須(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)團(tuan)隊和(he)責任(ren)感強(qiang)、監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)高(gao)的(de)(de)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)隊伍，選(xuan)擇高(gao)效合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)模式。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)能(neng)否成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)，前提和(he)基礎就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)團(tuan)隊，這直接關(guan)系到項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)好(hao)壞和(he)能(neng)否成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)。具有(you)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)責任(ren)感強(qiang)、監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)高(gao)的(de)(de)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)隊伍對(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)壞有(you)直接的(de)(de)關(guan)系。市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)給(gei)(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)復雜程(cheng)度高(gao)，綜(zong)合(he)考慮因(yin)素(su)多，造成(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制難度大，必須(xu)(xu)從(cong)整(zheng)體上對(dui)(dui)各個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作任(ren)務進(jin)(jin)(jin)行統一(yi)(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，統一(yi)(yi)協調進(jin)(jin)(jin)度。在項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)，可以從(cong)準備、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收三個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階段(duan)分(fen)別論(lun)述質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制措施，有(you)效保證(zheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。

2.1 準備階段質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)措施

在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)準備階段，第一步要(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)(gen)據實際的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)環境和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，調查(cha)研究(jiu)設計好圖(tu)紙，并(bing)且(qie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員要(yao)(yao)(yao)對圖(tu)紙進(jin)行熟(shu)悉；然后施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員必須對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)材料進(jin)行詳(xiang)細認真(zhen)的檢查(cha)和檢驗，杜絕因為材料質(zhi)量(liang)問題對整(zheng)個工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)造成安全隱患；最后要(yao)(yao)(yao)認真(zhen)根(gen)(gen)據施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的規范(fan)進(jin)行測量(liang)放(fang)線(xian)，防止出現(xian)差(cha)錯導致管道鋪(pu)設位置(zhi)偏移。

2.2 施工階段質量控制措(cuo)施

在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段，要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)好管(guan)(guan)道(dao)溝槽的開挖、墊層和養護(hu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，防(fang)止溝槽兩邊坍塌或(huo)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)下(xia)(xia)陷(xian)。在管(guan)(guan)道(dao)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)時，要(yao)求(qiu)管(guan)(guan)材(cai)要(yao)符合一定的質量要(yao)求(qiu)，溝槽內(nei)的雜物(wu)、積水要(yao)清除。嚴格(ge)按照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)(zuo)程(cheng)序，做(zuo)(zuo)好管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的下(xia)(xia)放、鋪設(she)以(yi)及管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的接口工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

2.3 竣工(gong)驗收(shou)質(zhi)量控制措施

在竣(jun)工驗(yan)收(shou)階(jie)段，首先從(cong)外觀上檢查管道(dao)鋪設(she)質(zhi)量，其(qi)次對(dui)排水管道(dao)從(cong)管道(dao)上游到下游分階(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)閉水試驗(yan)，根據(ju)浸(jin)泡時間(jian)相關的質(zhi)量標(biao)準判斷(duan)是否符合工程要(yao)求(qiu)。最(zui)后要(yao)做好(hao)溝槽的填補和路面的填平恢復工作。

3 結語

市政給排水工(gong)程是市政工(gong)程中一個(ge)與(yu)其他工(gong)程相互聯(lian)系的項目，要(yao)綜合考慮各(ge)方面因素的影響，采取(qu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)項目施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。當然措施(shi)(shi)(shi)并(bing)不能完全(quan)保(bao)證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)，要(yao)加(jia)強施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程每一個(ge)環節的質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制，最大限(xian)度保(bao)證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。

參考文獻

[1] 朱穗斌. 市政給(gei)排水工程施工管理要點分析(xi)[J]. 科(ke)技信息(xi)(科(ke)學教(jiao)研(yan))， 2007，(11) .

篇7

關(guan)鍵詞：市政(zheng)道(dao)路工程(cheng)；施(shi)工質量；控(kong)制措施(shi)

中圖分類號：TU99 文獻標識碼： A

引言

道路是(shi)一座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分(fen)，它可以說是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)脈，是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人們生產生活所(suo)必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)行道路，同(tong)時也(ye)是(shi)將城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中各個功(gong)能區域有機聯系在一起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要媒介，還是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)與外界(jie)相(xiang)聯系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紐帶；作(zuo)為市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)基礎設(she)施建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分(fen)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道路工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)在很大程度上推動(dong)了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代化建設(she)進程，促(cu)進了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，因此我們必須確保市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道路工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工質量，對其進行科學有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量管理(li)控制。

一、市(shi)政(zheng)道路工程(cheng)質(zhi)量控制要點(dian)

對市政道路工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)進行控制(zhi)(zhi)，首先必須進一步健全(quan)和完善市政道工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，組建質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)機構，認(ren)真做好質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案設計，落實質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)責任制(zhi)(zhi)，根據相關法律法規和工藝標準制(zhi)(zhi)定科學的控制(zhi)(zhi)流程(cheng)，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)對測量(liang)(liang)(liang)、材(cai)料、路基、混凝土路面四個方(fang)面進行嚴格控制(zhi)(zhi)，明確(que)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)要點(dian)(dian)。

1、測量(liang)(liang)質量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)要點分析

由于(yu)市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)具(ju)有(you)復(fu)雜性(xing)的特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)，特(te)(te)(te)別是各類建筑以及地下(xia)管線等(deng)等(deng)基礎(chu)設施較多，而且分布復(fu)雜，因而加強(qiang)對(dui)市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)測量(liang)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)具(ju)有(you)重要意義。加強(qiang)測量(liang)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)，必須(xu)牢(lao)固樹立“精準(zhun)(zhun)”意識，必須(xu)將采(cai)取(qu)復(fu)合水準(zhun)(zhun)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的方式(shi)進行(xing)布置，既可以采(cai)取(qu)臨(lin)時(shi)性(xing)水準(zhun)(zhun)點(dian)，又可以采(cai)取(qu)永(yong)久(jiu)性(xing)水準(zhun)(zhun)點(dian)。在進行(xing)測量(liang)的過(guo)程(cheng)中，一定要對(dui)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的抓好起點(dian)和終點(dian)的控制(zhi)，同時(shi)要對(dui)比較復(fu)雜的重點(dian)領域和關鍵環節(jie)進行(xing)有(you)效控制(zhi)，特(te)(te)(te)別是要在測算、復(fu)測、簽證三個方面狠下(xia)功夫(fu)，確保(bao)測量(liang)質(zhi)量(liang)。

2、材料(liao)質量控制要點分析

加強(qiang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)于提高市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)基礎性作用，材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞將直接(jie)影響道路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，因而必(bi)(bi)須(xu)全力(li)抓(zhua)好(hao)(hao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)。抓(zhua)好(hao)(hao)市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)，首先(xian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)抓(zhua)好(hao)(hao)采購，根(gen)據市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)設計(ji)對(dui)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)要求，加強(qiang)市(shi)場(chang)調查，了(le)解掌握(wo)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)信(xin)息，特點是要在價格、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、技(ji)術以及(ji)廠家信(xin)譽等方面進行調查，盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)選(xuan)擇信(xin)譽好(hao)(hao)、實(shi)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)(de)供貨商。抓(zhua)好(hao)(hao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)，還必(bi)(bi)須(xu)抓(zhua)好(hao)(hao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進場(chang)后的(de)(de)保存管制(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)保各類材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)有(you)效(xiao)保管理(li)，不出現被偷(tou)盜以及(ji)受損等問題，保證材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

3、路基質量控制要點分析

基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)不牢，地動(dong)山搖。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)任何建筑來說，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)都(dou)是至關重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)。因而加強(qiang)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)整(zheng)個市政道路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)十分重(zhong)要(yao)。加強(qiang)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，必須按(an)照結構穩(wen)定、強(qiang)度達標、水溫穩(wen)定的(de)標準，切實抓(zhua)好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)性(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。抓(zhua)好路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，首先必須對(dui)(dui)(dui)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖紙、材料、人員(yuan)、機械(xie)等的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)，確保準備就就緒。在填方路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前，要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)填方試驗，填方路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必須嚴格按(an)照標準填方后(hou)方可進(jin)行(xing)壓實，壓實必須按(an)照“先低后(hou)高、先輕后(hou)重(zhong)、先靜壓后(hou)振動(dong)、先兩邊后(hou)中間”的(de)原則。

4、路面質量控制要點分析

路(lu)面(mian)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，主要(yao)是對(dui)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路(lu)面(mian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)進行控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，這(zhe)是對(dui)市(shi)政(zheng)道路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)，也是最(zui)(zui)為關(guan)鍵的(de)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)，如(ru)果(guo)這(zhe)個環(huan)(huan)節(jie)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)不到(dao)位(wei)，就會對(dui)市(shi)政(zheng)道路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程造成了重(zhong)要(yao)影響，因而必須抓好混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土路(lu)面(mian)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。比如(ru)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土28d其抗彎拉強(qiang)度(du)應在(zai)4－5MPa，抗壓強(qiang)度(du)應該達到(dao)30－35MPa；混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土在(zai)配比時要(yao)注意單位(wei)水泥使(shi)用量(liang)(liang)要(yao)大于(yu)300kg，標號(hao)要(yao)高于(yu)425號(hao)，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)增強(qiang)水泥混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的(de)耐(nai)久性、強(qiang)度(du)和抗腐蝕性。在(zai)抓好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)基礎上，還要(yao)抓好驗(yan)收控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，只有抓好竣工(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)驗(yan)收控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，才(cai)能(neng)確保整個工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

二(er)、加強(qiang)市(shi)政工程質量(liang)管(guan)理的措施

強化市(shi)政(zheng)道路(lu)施工管理制度建(jian)設

市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)要嚴(yan)格依據工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)招(zhao)投標(biao)法(fa)、建筑法(fa)等(deng)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)，認真執行和(he)落實施(shi)工(gong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)準入(ru)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目法(fa)人制(zhi)(zhi)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量監(jian)(jian)督制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)招(zhao)標(biao)投標(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理制(zhi)(zhi)，強化政(zheng)府(fu)對市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設各方主(zhu)體的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)督與管(guan)(guan)理。嚴(yan)格根據工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)執行，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人、業主(zhu)等(deng)幾方面必須認真履行各方合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)定義務。對于(yu)分包(bao)(bao)(bao)、轉包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目，其發包(bao)(bao)(bao)單位不僅(jin)應報(bao)建設單位進(jin)行審核，還要報(bao)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)進(jin)行審查與批準、備(bei)案，禁(jin)止通(tong)過聯營、掛靠(kao)等(deng)形式，把市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肢解或(huo)者(zhe)層層進(jin)行分包(bao)(bao)(bao)。

公(gong)開施工企業(ye)及相(xiang)關人員的(de)信息制度

通過構建市(shi)政道路(lu)工程施工企業與技術人員的(de)(de)(de)信用(yong)檔案，提高(gao)市(shi)政道路(lu)工程施工管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)信息化(hua)水平，建立配套的(de)(de)(de)資源數據庫，在市(shi)政道路(lu)工程產生質量問題(ti)、安全事故以及(ji)違反施工法(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)時候，能夠(gou)快(kuai)速準確的(de)(de)(de)采取(qu)措施進行管理(li)。在招標(biao)、投標(biao)過程中，嚴格控制，提高(gao)了市(shi)政道路(lu)工程施工企業進入(ru)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)門檻，對不(bu)良企業拒止于門外。

施工企業(ye)要進行全面質量(liang)認證管理(li)

施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業要進行(xing)全面質量管(guan)理(li)并(bing)要求達標(biao)認(ren)證，對(dui)于(yu)沒能夠進行(xing)認(ren)證的(de)(de)企(qi)業，禁止進入(ru)市(shi)政(zheng)道路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，對(dui)已經達到質量達標(biao)認(ren)證的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)承包后要及時的(de)(de)進行(xing)動態(tai)管(guan)理(li)，對(dui)出現嚴重違反施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規定的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)，可(ke)以取消(xiao)其質量達標(biao)認(ren)證。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)要構建(jian)一套完整的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量保證體系，并(bing)認(ren)真的(de)(de)負責(ze)其應(ying)該承擔自檢(jian)。政(zheng)府部門、監理(li)單(dan)位(wei)要通過有(you)力的(de)(de)監控手段，強化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)質量意(yi)識(shi)。

全面提高監理(li)人員和業主的管理(li)水平(ping)和技術素質(zhi)

市(shi)(shi)政道路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)看(kan)似簡單(dan)，實質上作(zuo)為與廣大(da)市(shi)(shi)民(min)密切相關的(de)交通(tong)手段，一(yi)旦質量(liang)出現問題，修補、整改(gai)往往造成對(dui)城市(shi)(shi)建設的(de)不(bu)良影響，作(zuo)為監理(li)和(he)業主參與市(shi)(shi)政道路(lu)施(shi)工(gong)建設管理(li)，是一(yi)項技(ji)術性、經(jing)濟(ji)性以(yi)及社(she)會性很強的(de)綜(zong)合性管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)。市(shi)(shi)政道路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)要(yao)求監理(li)者要(yao)具備全面的(de)知識結構，以(yi)及一(yi)定的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)經(jing)驗(yan)。提高業務素(su)質，加強責任(ren)意識等，從而提高監理(li)水平，創建優質工(gong)程(cheng)。

5、加強市(shi)政道(dao)路施工(gong)質量監管

在對該項目工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進行質量(liang)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)主要(yao)會對以下幾個方面(mian)進:檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安全和(he)功(gong)能(neng)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外貌檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場質量(liang)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)等等。其中(zhong)在對項目的(de)安全和(he)功(gong)能(neng)進行檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)主要(yao)針對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)路床(chuang)狀況(kuang)、面(mian)積彎沉狀況(kuang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)層厚(hou)度大小、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)層平整光滑(hua)度大小、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)抗壓(ya)性能(neng)強(qiang)弱、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)層抗滑(hua)能(neng)力強(qiang)弱和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)路面(mian)與井的(de)結合度以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)強(qiang)度大小等相關方面(mian)進行檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。而對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)外貌進行檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)主要(yao)是查看和(he)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)表面(mian)的(de)密實度和(he)平整度等。

三、結束語

總之，我們在開展(zhan)(zhan)市(shi)政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中必(bi)須(xu)要樹立(li)自己(ji)城市(shi)主人翁的(de)(de)觀念。在當(dang)前市(shi)場經(jing)濟日益發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)大背景之下，市(shi)政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也應(ying)該(gai)與時(shi)代的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)相結合，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)市(shi)政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理應(ying)該(gai)從時(shi)代的(de)(de)背景出發(fa)(fa)，結合城市(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況，采取科學的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理方法。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)市(shi)政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中所用到的(de)(de)材料必(bi)須(xu)要經(jing)過嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)審核，同(tong)時(shi)應(ying)該(gai)做好施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各個(ge)環節(jie)和各個(ge)細(xi)節(jie)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)人員的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理應(ying)該(gai)由上而(er)下進行(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意識的(de)(de)帶動，通過對(dui)(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員進行(xing)科學的(de)(de)組織和安排來確保道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)與效率，確保市(shi)政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)能夠順利竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

參考文獻

[1]于汐，白浩.論市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)施工質量控制(zhi)的(de)難點及措施[J].黑(hei)龍(long)江科(ke)技信息(xi).2013（25）：45.

[2]李榮波.淺談市政道路施工質量管理的重要性[J].知識經(jing)濟.2012 （14）：28.

[3]宋延明(ming).論市(shi)政道路施工的質(zhi)量(liang)管理[J].山西(xi)建筑.2013（27）：79.

篇8

【關鍵詞】：市政(zheng)道路橋梁；施工；質量控制

【 abstract 】 : as China's infrastructure construction and expansion of the size of the, the city of road and bridge engineering construction in growing demand, municipal road &bridge engineering construction quality problem will cause the social from all walks of life more and more attention. This paper introduces the construction of the municipal road and bridge project characteristics, analyzed the influence of the bridge construction quality municipal road of factors, put forward the construction of the municipal road engineering quality control measures.

【 key words 】 : municipal road and bridge; The construction; Quality control

中圖分類(lei)號：O213.1文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)標識碼：A 文(wen)(wen)章編號：

引言

隨著我國城(cheng)鎮化戰略的(de)(de)實(shi)施，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化的(de)(de)水平(ping)持續提高，市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)與橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)不僅(jin)影響著城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)及周邊居民生活的(de)(de)便利(li)性，更在一定(ding)程(cheng)度上反映(ying)了城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體形(xing)象和發(fa)展水平(ping)。因此，相關部門在加強市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)與橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，一定(ding)要(yao)確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)與美(mei)觀，對道(dao)路(lu)與橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)承載力進(jin)行科學設計，并在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)建設過(guo)程(cheng)中對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)進(jin)行重點(dian)的(de)(de)監控(kong)，全(quan)面促進(jin)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)與橋(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)高質量(liang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，順利(li)實(shi)現市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)路(lu)與橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)預期(qi)的(de)(de)經濟效益和社會效益目(mu)標。

1市政道路橋梁工程施工的特點(dian)

1.1準備期(qi)短，開工(gong)急。城市道路丁(ding)程通(tong)常(chang)由(you)政府出(chu)資建設，出(chu)于(yu)減少工(gong)程建設對(dui)城市日常(chang)生活的(de)干擾這一(yi)目(mu)的(de)，對(dui)施工(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)要(yao)求又十(shi)分(fen)嚴格，工(gong)程只能提前(qian)，不準推后，施工(gong)單位往(wang)往(wang)根據(ju)工(gong)期(qi)，倒排進度計劃，難免缺(que)乏周(zhou)密性。

1.2施(shi)工(gong)場地狹窄，動遷量(liang)大(da)。由于城市(shi)道路工(gong)程(cheng)一般(ban)是在(zai)市(shi)內的(de)大(da)街小巷進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)，舊房拆遷量(liang)大(da)，場地狹窄，常常影響施(shi)工(gong)路段的(de)環(huan)境(jing)和交通，給市(shi)民的(de)生活和生產帶來了不(bu)便，也增加(jia)了對道路工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)進(jin)度控(kong)(kong)制、質量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)難(nan)度。

1.3地(di)下管線(xian)復雜城。市道(dao)路工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)實(shi)施(shi)當中，經常遇到與(yu)供熱、給水、煤氣、電力(li)、電信等管線(xian)位置不明的情況(kuang)，若盲目施(shi)工(gong)極有可能挖斷管線(xian)，造成重大的經濟損(sun)失和(he)嚴重的社(she)會影(ying)響。同時(shi)也對道(dao)路工(gong)程進度帶(dai)來負面(mian)影(ying)響，增加額外(wai)的投(tou)資費用。

l.4原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)投資大。城市道路工程(cheng)材(cai)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)極大，在工程(cheng)造價中，所占(zhan)比例達到(dao)50%左(zuo)右，如何合(he)理選(xuan)材(cai)，是(shi)工程(cheng)監理工作(zuo)質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制的(de)重(zhong)要環節。施(shi)工現場的(de)分布，運距的(de)遠(yuan)近都是(shi)材(cai)料(liao)選(xuan)擇的(de)重(zhong)要依(yi)據(ju)。

2影響市政道(dao)路橋梁施(shi)工質量的因素分析

2.1“人”的(de)因素

在工程質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)中，人(ren)是(shi)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)因素，也是(shi)起(qi)決定性的(de)(de)因素，因為(wei)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員、施工人(ren)員和(he)技術人(ren)員的(de)(de)綜(zong)合素質(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)會對市(shi)政(zheng)道路與橋梁工程的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量起(qi)決定性的(de)(de)作用(yong)。因此，采(cai)取(qu)崗位教(jiao)育和(he)技術交底等措施，提高全員的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量意識等，是(shi)工程質(zhi)(zhi)量監控中必(bi)不可少(shao)的(de)(de)環節。

2.2“材料(liao)”因素

材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，不僅包括(kuo)建筑(zhu)原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，還(huan)包括(kuo)半(ban)成品、成品和(he)構配件等(deng)，是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)的物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)條件，沒有(you)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)就無法(fa)施工(gong)(gong)。材(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的基礎(chu)，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不符(fu)合要求，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)就不可(ke)能(neng)符(fu)合標準。特別是對于市(shi)政道路與橋梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，一種材(cai)料(liao)(liao)出現(xian)問題(ti)，就會對整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)生不利影響。

2.3“機械設(she)備”因素

在市政道路與橋梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，機(ji)械(xie)化程(cheng)度一(yi)般較高，因(yin)(yin)此建(jian)筑(zhu)機(ji)械(xie)設備的(de)好(hao)壞、機(ji)械(xie)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率與穩定性、機(ji)械(xie)手的(de)綜合(he)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)等，也會對(dui)市政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)整體質(zhi)(zhi)量產生(sheng)影響(xiang)。因(yin)(yin)此，我們(men)根據施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案和建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)實際，選擇最合(he)適的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備，并隨時做好(hao)檢(jian)修工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以(yi)更好(hao)的(de)滿(man)足建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)各種(zhong)需要。

2.4“環境”因素

影響(xiang)市政道路與橋(qiao)梁工程(cheng)施(shi)工質量的環(huan)(huan)境因素(su)是(shi)多(duo)方面的，如工程(cheng)技術環(huan)(huan)境、管理環(huan)(huan)境、人文環(huan)(huan)境等，并呈現出(chu)復雜多(duo)變的特點，如氣象條(tiao)件變化萬千。因此，應根據工程(cheng)特點和具體的施(shi)工條(tiao)件，對影響(xiang)質量的環(huan)(huan)境因素(su)，采取切實有效的措施(shi)嚴(yan)加控制是(shi)至關重要(yao)的。

2.5“技術、方法”因素

工(gong)(gong)程項目整個建設周期(qi)內采取(qu)的技術方案、工(gong)(gong)藝流程、組(zu)織措施、檢測手(shou)段和施工(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設計等(deng)，尤其是施工(gong)(gong)方案正確(que)與否(fou)，是直接影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程項目進(jin)度(du)、質(zhi)量、投資三大目標控(kong)制能(neng)否(fou)順利實(shi)現的關(guan)鍵。因此，制定(ding)科(ke)學施工(gong)(gong)方案，采取(qu)最(zui)合(he)理的施工(gong)(gong)技術和方法(fa)，也是確(que)保建筑工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的重要條件

3市(shi)政道路工程(cheng)施工中的質量控(kong)制措(cuo)施

3.1測量控制

在(zai)(zai)(zai)沉(chen)降(jiang)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)點的(de)(de)布(bu)設(she)(she)中(zhong)，要根(gen)據建筑物的(de)(de)地(di)基沉(chen)降(jiang)特征(zheng)、建筑的(de)(de)結構特點和實際的(de)(de)地(di)質情況來(lai)(lai)決定。此(ci)外，標志的(de)(de)埋設(she)(she)位置要避開暖水管、電(dian)器開關(guan)和暖氣片等對觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)有(you)阻礙的(de)(de)物體，設(she)(she)立尺要離開地(di)面(mian)和墻面(mian)一定的(de)(de)距離。在(zai)(zai)(zai)樁(zhuang)基建設(she)(she)時，要把監測(ce)(ce)點設(she)(she)置在(zai)(zai)(zai)樁(zhuang)基的(de)(de)上方，如果(guo)(guo)樁(zhuang)基之(zhi)間的(de)(de)間距較大(da)，必(bi)須在(zai)(zai)(zai)樁(zhuang)間橫(heng)梁(liang)承重(zhong)處(chu)加設(she)(she)監測(ce)(ce)點，用來(lai)(lai)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)其變形(xing)情況。在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行組網觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)時候，如果(guo)(guo)條(tiao)件(jian)允許，應盡量在(zai)(zai)(zai)基準點上進(jin)行觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)，構成(cheng)條(tiao)件(jian)較多的(de)(de)附合網，用來(lai)(lai)增加多余(yu)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)條(tiao)件(jian)，從而增強(qiang)網的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性。在(zai)(zai)(zai)初期應觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)兩次，以確(que)保初期成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)準確(que)性，以便在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)中(zhong)結合事實，給予確(que)切(qie)的(de)(de)解釋。

3.2路基處理(li)控(kong)制

一是質量控制要點。河浜處理淤泥(ni)挖(wa)凈二灰比例準(zhun)確拌和均(jun)勻確保分層碾壓(ya)密(mi)實度機(ji)動車道原狀土不(bu)(bu)受擾動清(qing)除耕植土碾壓(ya)達(da)到標準(zhun)機(ji)動車道要上黃土密(mi)實度達(da)到要求碾壓(ya)輪跡小于5mm不(bu)(bu)得有彈簧土寬(kuan)度標高軸線(xian)平整度達(da)到標準(zhun)(坡度)達(da)不(bu)(bu)到標準(zhun)的要翻挖(wa)重填對盲溝(gou)按標準(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)并按規定進(jin)行(xing)關鍵(jian)工序驗收。二是抽檢頻率。監(jian)(jian)(jian)督施工單位對不(bu)(bu)同土質(材料)進(jin)行(xing)最佳含(han)水量與最大干密(mi)度的測定，報監(jian)(jian)(jian)理簽認后進(jin)行(xing)填筑，必(bi)要時監(jian)(jian)(jian)理進(jin)行(xing)平行(xing)檢測，抽檢率1O％。線(xian)型(xing)、縱橫(heng)坡、標高的放(fang)樣復核，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理抽查(cha)30％。

3.3水(shui)泥穩定碎(sui)石(shi)基層質量控制(zhi)要點(dian)

首先是審查承包單位道路基(ji)層施工組織設(she)計(ji)；其次是審查水泥(ni)穩定(ding)碎(sui)石攪拌廠家作為成(cheng)品(pin)、半成(cheng)品(pin)供應商資(zi)質，設(she)備及(ji)其生產(chan)工藝、施工質量應滿足標(biao)準規(gui)范(fan)、設(she)計(ji)和(he)行(xing)業標(biao)準，以及(ji)委(wei)托方特(te)定(ding)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)要求。嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)水泥(ni)穩定(ding)碎(sui)石的(de)配合比。配合比須經委(wei)托人(ren)和(he)監理人(ren)確(que)認后方可(ke)投入(ru)生產(chan)。第(di)(di)三是水泥(ni)穩定(ding)碎(sui)石攤鋪(pu)完(wan)成(cheng)后督促施工單位采用(yong)齷(wo)料薄膜覆蓋進行(xing)保(bao)濕養護。第(di)(di)四是四是加大水泥(ni)穩定(ding)碎(sui)石攤鋪(pu)過(guo)程中(zhong)旁站(zhan)力度。第(di)(di)六是監控(kong)過(guo)程中(zhong)嚴格履行(xing)內，外業同步(bu)；要求工序(xu)完(wan)成(cheng)，資(zi)料收(shou)集(ji)、整理到(dao)位。最后加強成(cheng)品(pin)保(bao)護力度。混凝(ning)土養護期間，嚴禁(jin)一切車輛進入(ru)。

3.4瀝青混凝土面層處理監理要(yao)點(dian)

首先是根據不同(tong)(tong)型號的(de)瀝青(qing)(qing)混(hun)合(he)料(liao)(liao)確定(ding)工(gong)地配(pei)(pei)合(he)比混(hun)合(he)料(liao)(liao)設計報告(gao)中混(hun)合(he)料(liao)(liao)配(pei)(pei)合(he)比除詳列混(hun)合(he)料(liao)(liao)含量礦料(liao)(liao)配(pei)(pei)合(he)比以外還應說明(ming)拌和(he)方(fang)(fang)法拌和(he)溫度(du)(du)等工(gong)藝要求報告(gao)應附上試件的(de)試驗(yan)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)同(tong)(tong)時提供推(tui)薦的(de)混(hun)合(he)料(liao)(liao)試樣。其次是碾壓(ya)工(gong)藝的(de)檢(jian)查注意(yi)碾壓(ya)工(gong)藝執(zhi)行目測(ce)(ce)碾壓(ya)質量注意(yi)人(ren)工(gong)碾壓(ya)工(gong)具工(gong)藝碾壓(ya)質量。第(di)三是檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)，按(an)瀝青(qing)(qing)路(lu)面(mian)技(ji)術規程要求執(zhi)行。注意(yi)測(ce)(ce)試項(xiang)目和(he)頻率(lv)，測(ce)(ce)試項(xiang)目包括：馬(ma)歇爾穩定(ding)度(du)(du)，流(liu)值，搴隙率(lv)，飽和(he)度(du)(du)，瀝青(qing)(qing)含量礦料(liao)(liao)級配(pei)(pei)等，注意(yi)層厚檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)頻率(lv)；注意(yi)路(lu)面(mian)外形尺寸(cun)，包括：寬度(du)(du)，高程，橫坡，平整度(du)(du)等的(de)檢(jian)查頻率(lv)及允許偏差。

結束語

市政路橋(qiao)工程(cheng)施工質(zhi)量的(de)好壞(huai)直接(jie)影響(xiang)到工程(cheng)的(de)成(cheng)本、工期及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命。市政道路橋(qiao)梁(liang)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)難(nan)度不大(da)，但(dan)由于施工場地(di)狹小，交通流量影響(xiang)大(da)，且(qie)工藝比(bi)較(jiao)復(fu)雜，在施工中會遇到各種各樣不同的(de)環(huan)境條件(jian)的(de)制(zhi)約。所以，要始終(zhong)堅持技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準，注意加強施工管理，強化質(zhi)量意識，使(shi)市政道路施工質(zhi)量不斷提高。

參考文獻：

[1]劉鼎興.市政工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)中質量(liang)的影響因素及(ji)文明(ming)施工(gong)措(cuo)施[J].今(jin)日科苑,2009,(24)

[2]賈貴奎,周春雷,樓旭燕.論市政排水管道工程(cheng)施(shi)工質量(liang)通病的(de)防治[J].項目管理技(ji)術,2009,(S1)

[3]張(zhang)閩.淺議市政工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)中質(zhi)量的影響因素和項目質(zhi)量控制(zhi)[J].沿海企業(ye)與科技,2007,(12)

[4]張輝(hui).市政(zheng)工程施(shi)工中質量(liang)的影響因素和(he)項目質量(liang)控制[J].中國新技(ji)術新產品,2010,(23)

篇9

關(guan)(guan)鍵詞：市(shi)政道(dao)路；監理質量(liang)控制；關(guan)(guan)鍵環節

1引言

市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工程(cheng)是(shi)城市(shi)(shi)企業、居民生產(chan)和(he)(he)生活的(de)重要基(ji)礎(chu)性工程(cheng)，道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工程(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)對(dui)城市(shi)(shi)各項(xiang)經(jing)濟建設具有直接影(ying)響。快(kuai)捷的(de)交通和(he)(he)暢通的(de)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)城市(shi)(shi)的(de)窗口，可(ke)以反映一座城市(shi)(shi)管理(li)水平。隨著社(she)會(hui)經(jing)濟的(de)飛速發(fa)展，我國城市(shi)(shi)交通得到(dao)了(le)快(kuai)速發(fa)展，車流(liu)量(liang)大(da)大(da)增加，這給道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)提出更高要求。市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)監理(li)是(shi)確保(bao)工程(cheng)施(shi)工質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)一項(xiang)重要措施(shi)，伴隨市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工程(cheng)逐(zhu)漸增多，建設施(shi)工單位越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)重視(shi)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)。

2市政(zheng)道路工程(cheng)的主要(yao)特征

市政(zheng)道路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)投資建設方通常是政(zheng)府，所以，工(gong)程(cheng)建設施(shi)工(gong)需要做到環保，防止給(gei)附近環境帶來(lai)污(wu)染或干擾，施(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)在施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中常受各種外界因素(su)影響(xiang)，為了加快施(shi)工(gong)進度，施(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中的(de)各項(xiang)活動會缺乏周密性，忽(hu)視(shi)施(shi)工(gong)質量管理工(gong)作，這就增加了監理人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)工(gong)作難(nan)度。

2.1施工場地較狹窄

因為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的土(tu)地資源都有限，市(shi)(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)多(duo)數在城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)街(jie)巷里(li)進(jin)行，街(jie)巷空間(jian)狹窄，難(nan)免給(gei)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)交通運(yun)輸帶來各種各樣的影響[1]。部分市(shi)(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)的實際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)還會和一些舊建筑、舊房屋拆遷相(xiang)交叉作業，進(jin)而給(gei)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)居民正常生活帶來不便，與此同時(shi)，工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度難(nan)以得到有效控(kong)制。

2.2地下管線比較(jiao)復雜

市政(zheng)道路(lu)施工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)挖掘地面(mian)，但是(shi)城(cheng)市地面(mian)地下(xia)情況都十分(fen)復雜，實際施工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)經(jing)常(chang)會碰到許多管線(xian)，例如：煤氣(qi)管道、電力管線(xian)機給排水系統管道。市政(zheng)工程(cheng)施工前，如果(guo)未徹底(di)排查(cha)地下(xia)管線(xian)，經(jing)常(chang)會有(you)挖斷其他管線(xian)現象出(chu)現，進而造成一定社會經(jing)濟損失(shi)，增加市政(zheng)道路(lu)工程(cheng)建(jian)設成本。

2.3施工周期很短

絕大多數市(shi)(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)建設單(dan)位都是(shi)政府(fu)，所(suo)有(you)市(shi)(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)一定要(yao)保護周圍環境，防止工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)干(gan)擾(rao)城市(shi)(shi)居民日常(chang)生活(huo)。這就要(yao)求(qiu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位要(yao)嚴格(ge)根據(ju)上級要(yao)求(qiu)，在預定施(shi)工(gong)周期內完(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)，只允許(xu)提前完(wan)成(cheng)，不允許(xu)有(you)任何拖延。所(suo)以，很多施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位常(chang)常(chang)會為了加快施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度而缺乏周密性，僅重(zhong)視(shi)(shi)施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度加快，忽視(shi)(shi)施(shi)工(gong)質量控制，給工(gong)程(cheng)監理單(dan)位工(gong)作正常(chang)開(kai)展提高難度。

3我國(guo)市政道路工程普遍存有的(de)質量問題(ti)

3.1路面平(ping)整度存有問題

市(shi)(shi)政道路(lu)(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)安全性和舒適(shi)度(du)(du)(du)受路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)平整度(du)(du)(du)影響非常大(da)，很多市(shi)(shi)政道路(lu)(lu)(lu)工程在投入使用以后均會有(you)不同程度(du)(du)(du)下陷情況出(chu)現(xian)(xian)。導致道路(lu)(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)下陷的原因主要(yao)有(you)兩個方(fang)面(mian)，第一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)所建設道路(lu)(lu)(lu)的承載強度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)小，不能滿足(zu)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)車輛運輸需要(yao)；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)道路(lu)(lu)(lu)工程施工壓實(shi)度(du)(du)(du)遠遠不夠，致使道路(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)沉降。路(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)平整度(du)(du)(du)問題是(shi)市(shi)(shi)政道路(lu)(lu)(lu)質量出(chu)現(xian)(xian)問題的一(yi)(yi)個重要(yao)表現(xian)(xian)。

3.2混凝土結構路面出(chu)現(xian)裂縫(feng)

在市政(zheng)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)，常會(hui)遇到混凝土結(jie)構(gou)出現裂(lie)縫(feng)，裂(lie)縫(feng)出現會(hui)減弱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)結(jie)構(gou)強度與(yu)剛度，進(jin)而致使進(jin)行路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)有(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)事故發生(sheng)，這會(hui)給路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)正常運用(yong)和路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)結(jie)構(gou)美觀帶來嚴重(zhong)影(ying)(ying)響。引起路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)縫(feng)的原因(yin)有(you)(you)兩個，主要原因(yin)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)材料存(cun)有(you)(you)問(wen)(wen)題，如果原材料和混合料配(pei)合比(bi)存(cun)有(you)(you)問(wen)(wen)題，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量會(hui)受(shou)到嚴重(zhong)影(ying)(ying)響，其次是道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)方面(mian)存(cun)有(you)(you)問(wen)(wen)題，如果施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)選擇的不(bu)合理、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方向錯誤(wu)或施(shi)工(gong)(gong)強度未有(you)(you)效控制好，道(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量均有(you)(you)受(shou)到不(bu)同程(cheng)(cheng)度影(ying)(ying)響。

4市政道路工程質量監理的重點

4.1施工材料監理

市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)對市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)重要(yao)影響(xiang)，合理(li)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)與利用(yong)(yong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是確保道路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設質(zhi)量的(de)關(guan)鍵[2]。對道路工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)來講(jiang)，做(zuo)好材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)和(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)重要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)。選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良好信譽和(he)(he)口(kou)碑的(de)供(gong)應(ying)商，這樣能(neng)夠提(ti)升材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量。監理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)需要(yao)了解供(gong)應(ying)商信譽度，再做(zuo)好施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)測，認(ren)真審核施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)各方面性能(neng)，進而在源(yuan)頭(tou)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)效控制質(zhi)量問(wen)題。監理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)還需有(you)(you)(you)效監督和(he)(he)控制已采購的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)處(chu)于運(yun)(yun)輸途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，保證運(yun)(yun)輸途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)處(chu)于良好狀態，材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)運(yun)(yun)至施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地(di)前(qian)檢(jian)(jian)測材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)性能(neng)，開展(zhan)抽樣檢(jian)(jian)測工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，確保購置(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量滿足工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求，材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)運(yun)(yun)至施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場(chang)后同樣要(yao)進行抽樣檢(jian)(jian)測，杜絕不(bu)合格(ge)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

4.2路(lu)基(ji)工程(cheng)監理(li)

 市政道路(lu)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)露天作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受自然因(yin)素影響較大，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)結構(gou)物多、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)類(lei)型多、各(ge)(ge)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)線(xian)常會交錯縱橫，各(ge)(ge)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和社會配合(he)(he)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)多，這些都(dou)(dou)致(zhi)使(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃經常發生各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)變(bian)化。路(lu)基(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)注意是(shi)利用機(ji)械(xie)進行(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，少部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)需(xu)要(yao)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)配合(he)(he)，土方作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)配合(he)(he)機(ji)械(xie)共(gong)同完成，進行(xing)土方作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)有(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)人(ren)進行(xing)指揮。填(tian)筑路(lu)基(ji)(ji)時(shi)要(yao)注意控制每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)壓(ya)實厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)必須按照試驗得出的(de)(de)最佳厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)進行(xing)控制。壓(ya)實使(shi)用的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具類(lei)型、每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)壓(ya)實度(du)(du)(du)(du)及(ji)(ji)碾(nian)壓(ya)次數(shu)都(dou)(dou)要(yao)根據施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場土壤濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)、類(lei)型、環境條件及(ji)(ji)設(she)備情(qing)況來(lai)確定，要(yao)達到(dao)設(she)計要(yao)求及(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)規(gui)范規(gui)定的(de)(de)壓(ya)實度(du)(du)(du)(du)。攤平路(lu)基(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)確保(bao)所有(you)土層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)填(tian)筑都(dou)(dou)有(you)一定路(lu)拱(gong)，進而確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)能夠正常排水，且每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)填(tian)土需(xu)要(yao)超(chao)出標高路(lu)基(ji)(ji)寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)，以有(you)效確保(bao)路(lu)基(ji)(ji)壓(ya)實度(du)(du)(du)(du)。

4.3測量工(gong)作監理

市(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)人員需要(yao)(yao)對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)測(ce)量(liang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進行(xing)監(jian)督，測(ce)量(liang)監(jian)理(li)是(shi)結合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)求檢(jian)測(ce)路(lu)(lu)面施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)情況，確(que)保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方向和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都滿足工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求[3]。做(zuo)好(hao)道路(lu)(lu)測(ce)量(liang)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)先(xian)要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)測(ce)好(hao)道路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)起點位置，保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)位置正確(que)。如果道路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由多于兩個設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位所(suo)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時，兩個設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位必須做(zuo)好(hao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)交接(jie)和(he)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)銜接(jie)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，防止(zhi)因工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)銜接(jie)不(bu)好(hao)知識(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)出現問題或工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出現偏(pian)差。如果路(lu)(lu)面工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)存有(you)問題，及(ji)時做(zuo)出調(diao)整(zheng)，有(you)效調(diao)整(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)出現誤差，讓(rang)標段路(lu)(lu)面順暢的連接(jie)，確(que)保道路(lu)(lu)連接(jie)順暢。

4.4路面工程監理(li)

合(he)(he)理處理瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)對市(shi)政(zheng)道路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)程獲得良好質量具有重要作用。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位要按(an)照路(lu)(lu)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)采取(qu)有效措施(shi)預防瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)出現質量問題。需要先確(que)定好要運用的(de)瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)混(hun)合(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)，再選(xuan)取(qu)恰當(dang)的(de)配(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比例，嚴(yan)格(ge)設計(ji)混(hun)合(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)。混(hun)合(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)的(de)配(pei)(pei)置比例必(bi)須按(an)照混(hun)合(he)(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)含量與礦料(liao)(liao)配(pei)(pei)合(he)(he)比配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)。進行路(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)，有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)藝，要求(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)(yuan)合(he)(he)理運用碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)具進行碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，保證碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)藝流程正(zheng)確(que)，有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)質量。由(you)于碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)技術和碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)藝對瀝(li)(li)(li)青(qing)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)平整度具有重要影(ying)響，碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)人員(yuan)(yuan)碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)技術需要滿足(zu)要求(qiu)，碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式必(bi)須正(zheng)確(que)，并按(an)照不(bu)同(tong)形式結(jie)構層(ceng)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)對應設備(bei)。

5結束語

市政道路(lu)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)是保證(zheng)道路(lu)工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)一項(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作對(dui)市政工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工具(ju)有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)意義，它可以保證(zheng)城市基(ji)礎設施(shi)(shi)(shi)順(shun)利建設，對(dui)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工進(jin)度、提(ti)高工程質量(liang)(liang)具(ju)有促進(jin)作用。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位要(yao)(yao)充分認識自身(shen)工作的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性及目(mu)前監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作普遍存(cun)有的(de)(de)問題(ti)，科學合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作計劃，加強(qiang)自身(shen)隊(dui)伍建設，抓住監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)點，有針對(dui)性的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

參考文獻

[1] 張建全(quan).全(quan)面提高市政(zheng)道路(lu)工程質量的監理(li)途(tu)徑[J]. 建設監理(li). 2013（11）

[2] 王永華.關于道路工程施(shi)工階段監理的(de)探討[J]. 交通標準化(hua). 2012（22）

[3] 葉海波(bo).提高市政道路(lu)施工(gong)監理(li)控制措施[J]. 門(men)窗. 2013（11）

篇10

【關(guan)鍵詞】市政(zheng)道路；質量(liang)；監理；對策

改革開(kai)放以(yi)來,我國城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)發(fa)展速度日新月異，大量(liang)(liang)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)市(shi)政(zheng)基礎設施需要(yao)新建(jian)(jian)或改建(jian)(jian)。市(shi)政(zheng)道路(lu)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)事關一個城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)形象，與市(shi)民生活息息相關，許(xu)多城(cheng)市(shi)在市(shi)政(zheng)工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設方面逐(zhu)步推行(xing)了建(jian)(jian)設監理制度，以(yi)保證(zheng)市(shi)政(zheng)工程(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

1 監(jian)理工作的(de)要點

1.1 填方路(lu)基施(shi)工質量(liang)控制(zhi)

填(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基開工(gong)(gong)前(qian)，必須進行100--200m填(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)試驗路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)段(duan)，以確定(ding)在(zai)該土質條件下(xia)機具、設備的組合，確定(ding)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)遍數(shu)、碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)速度(du)、工(gong)(gong)序(xu)、每層(ceng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的松鋪(pu)厚(hou)度(du)，材料(liao)(liao)的含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)等。填(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基是道路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的關鍵部位，施工(gong)(gong)中應(ying)對(dui)(dui)選料(liao)(liao)和碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)藝認真對(dui)(dui)待。填(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基用透水(shui)(shui)(shui)性好的材料(liao)(liao)填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑時，不(bu)(bu)受含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)限制(zhi)。若(ruo)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)低于(yu)(yu)最(zui)佳(jia)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)時應(ying)在(zai)挖(wa)運過程(cheng)中加水(shui)(shui)(shui)拌和，若(ruo)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)高于(yu)(yu)最(zui)佳(jia)值(zhi)時，應(ying)在(zai)場外晾曬，使之(zhi)接近最(zui)佳(jia)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)土路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基的粘土在(zai)未(wei)經碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)前(qian)切忌被雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)淋(lin)濕(shi)(shi)，淋(lin)濕(shi)(shi)土除自身吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)外，還(huan)將滲入下(xia)層(ceng)土基中。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)淋(lin)濕(shi)(shi)土，應(ying)在(zai)雨后翻曬晾干后才能重新攤鋪(pu)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)，如果(guo)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)過大(da)，對(dui)(dui)下(xia)層(ceng)土是否要重新檢(jian)測壓(ya)實(shi)度(du)，由現(xian)場監理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)視不(bu)(bu)同情況確定(ding)。

1.2 挖方路(lu)基的施工質量控(kong)制

挖(wa)(wa)(wa)方(fang)路基應根(gen)據設(she)計的(de)斷面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)邊坡(po)坡(po)度要求自上而(er)下(xia)逐層(ceng)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)，不(bu)能隨意亂挖(wa)(wa)(wa)、超挖(wa)(wa)(wa)和欠(qian)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)，邊坡(po)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)后及(ji)(ji)時做好排水工作，防止雨(yu)水沖(chong)刷(shua)邊坡(po)，嚴禁(jin)因開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)方(fang)式不(bu)當而(er)引起邊坡(po)失(shi)穩(wen)和坍塌(ta)，上方(fang)開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)嚴禁(jin)使用爆破(po)法施工，石(shi)方(fang)路塹邊坡(po)坡(po)面(mian)(mian)嚴禁(jin)過(guo)量爆破(po)。開挖(wa)(wa)(wa)層(ceng)靠邊坡(po)的(de)兩(liang)側宜采用減弱松動(dong)爆破(po)或光面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)，以利(li)于邊坡(po)穩(wen)定。

1.3 混凝土路面質量控制的措(cuo)施

監理工(gong)程師應嚴(yan)格(ge)對進(jin)場所(suo)用(yong)材料進(jin)行試(shi)驗，并(bing)確(que)定混(hun)凝(ning)土的(de)(de)配(pei)合(he)比(bi)，并(bing)確(que)定各種材料的(de)(de)實際(ji)用(yong)量，對材料和混(hun)合(he)料的(de)(de)質(zhi)量要(yao)定期檢測與控制。在(zai)施工(gong)中對混(hun)凝(ning)土的(de)(de)水灰比(bi)及塌落度要(yao)根據(ju)施工(gong)條件的(de)(de)不同進(jin)行適當調(diao)節(jie)，并(bing)應嚴(yan)格(ge)控制。拌制混(hun)凝(ning)土時，要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守操作(zuo)規(gui)程，加(jia)強質(zhi)量監督與抽檢，保(bao)證混(hun)凝(ning)土強度的(de)(de)穩定性和均(jun)勻性。振搗時防(fang)止模板變形或移位(wei)，隨時檢查隨時糾正。

1.4 瀝青路面質量控制方法

監理人員應(ying)根據(ju)設計文件(jian)，技術規范、檢驗(yan)標(biao)準審核施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位的開工(gong)報告，施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位的施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)案質量(liang)(liang)控制標(biao)準和(he)瀝青混(hun)凝土生產單(dan)位原材料和(he)試驗(yan)報告，必(bi)要時(shi)可以(yi)實地考(kao)察。無論采(cai)用(yong)哪種(zhong)方(fang)法，監理都應(ying)控制攤鋪厚度(du)、碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)濕度(du)、碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)速度(du)、碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)遍數、碾(nian)壓(ya)(ya)密度(du)，確保路面(mian)施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)。

1.5 側石、緣石和(he)人(ren)行道施工質量控制(zhi)

對進(jin)場的(de)側平石、路(lu)緣石、機(ji)非分隔帶、人(ren)(ren)行道磚等混凝土制品應檢查(cha)質保單及(ji)混凝土強度(du)試驗報(bao)告。嚴格(ge)控制進(jin)場的(de)側平石、人(ren)(ren)行道磚的(de)色(se)差(cha)及(ji)外形尺寸，對不合格(ge)的(de)或(huo)已經損壞(huai)的(de)產品一般禁止使(shi)用。重點檢查(cha)人(ren)(ren)行道基礎的(de)密實度(du)、整(zheng)體均勻(yun)程度(du)和平整(zheng)度(du)，檢查(cha)鋪筑后(hou)的(de)人(ren)(ren)行道外觀，勾縫(feng)和平整(zheng)度(du)是否符合要求，發現缺(que)陷(xian)及(ji)時通知施工單位整(zheng)改。

2 監理(li)工(gong)作的基本原則

2.1 堅決執行國家相關質量標(biao)準的(de)原則

在市政道(dao)路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)中，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員要在深入(ru)理(li)(li)解和熟(shu)悉(xi)國家(jia)相關質量(liang)標(biao)準的基礎(chu)上，對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作進(jin)行嚴格(ge)的監(jian)(jian)督(du)與管理(li)(li)。在道(dao)路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，一旦發現違規操作或(huo)偷(tou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)減(jian)料現象，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人(ren)員就(jiu)要及時制止并(bing)上報工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)(li)部門，監(jian)(jian)督(du)其盡快(kuai)制定整改方案和改進(jin)措施(shi)(shi)。

2.2 以安(an)全監理(li)為基本監理(li)原則

在(zai)市政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)監理中(zhong)，必須將安(an)全(quan)(quan)監理放在(zai)首要位置，并以嚴格的(de)制度和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業標(biao)準來規范安(an)全(quan)(quan)監理，確保市政道(dao)(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程在(zai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)環境(jing)下進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，堅決(jue)杜(du)絕重(zhong)大安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)和安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)的(de)存在(zai)。

2.3 嚴(yan)守按計(ji)劃進行施工的原則(ze)

在市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中，只有嚴格按照(zhao)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)計(ji)劃進行施工(gong)(gong)，才能確保(bao)市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)量和(he)進度(du)，否則可能造成(cheng)重大(da)的市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)事故(gu)、人身傷亡(wang)等重大(da)事故(gu)。在市(shi)政道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)監理(li)中，尤其要注意工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)要按計(ji)劃進行，不允許(xu)不經過相關技術(shu)部門(men)的審核與批(pi)準，而擅自變更施工(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃。

2.4 嚴格保證道路工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)的原則

市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路工(gong)程施工(gong)監理(li)要(yao)(yao)堅持以“質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)”為核心的原則，要(yao)(yao)嚴把市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關。市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路工(gong)程施工(gong)監理(li)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)重(zhong)對施工(gong)環(huan)節各(ge)具體階段的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監理(li)，道(dao)(dao)(dao)路工(gong)程一旦完成施工(gong)交付使用，就(jiu)可以進行大規模的修復和保養，因此在施工(gong)中(zhong)嚴把質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關是尤(you)其重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的。

3 施工過程中的動態控制

3.1 嚴格規(gui)范施(shi)工程序

在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前，要(yao)由總監主持召開(kai)由建設單(dan)(dan)位和(he)全體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)管理(li)人員參加的首次工(gong)(gong)地會議，明確在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，每道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)完成(cheng)后(hou)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位必須按有關技術規(gui)程(cheng)、規(gui)范、圖(tu)紙(zhi)，先(xian)進行(xing)自檢，自檢合格(ge)后(hou)，填(tian)寫《報(bao)驗申請表》并附上相應的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)檢查記錄，報(bao)送項目(mu)監理(li)，然后(hou)經監理(li)人員驗收、簽(qian)字認定，方可進行(xing)下道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，未(wei)經監理(li)員認可，不得進行(xing)下道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

3.2 加強(qiang)管理力(li)度

市政道路一般分(fen)(fen)為(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)路床、基(ji)層和(he)面(mian)層3部分(fen)(fen)，為(wei)確(que)保(bao)道路的(de)強度和(he)剛度，選擇各工序的(de)停止點和(he)見(jian)證點時，在(zai)不(bu)同階段監理的(de)重點也不(bu)同。土(tu)(tu)(tu)路床施(shi)工時，質(zhi)量(liang)監控要(yao)點為(wei)，一是(shi)(shi)對現狀路基(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)及填(tian)筑土(tu)(tu)(tu)源進行(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)物(wu)理力學試驗(yan)和(he)重力擊實試驗(yan)，確(que)定路床用土(tu)(tu)(tu)是(shi)(shi)否符(fu)合規范，是(shi)(shi)否要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)加強土(tu)(tu)(tu)路基(ji)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)。二是(shi)(shi)派專職測量(liang)監理工程師復核測量(liang)結果，查驗(yan)縱、橫斷面(mian)的(de)有(you)關數據，以利于土(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)量(liang)的(de)計算。三是(shi)(shi)對路床分(fen)(fen)層碾壓，進行(xing)(xing)全天候(hou)旁站。

3.3 靈活運用(yong)監督(du)檢查(cha)方法

監理(li)工程師在工作(zuo)中(zhong)，要通過旁站、現(xian)場巡視、實地測量(liang)、抽檢(jian)等(deng)方法來檢(jian)查判斷工程質(zhi)量(liang)，用(yong)數(shu)據來評定質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)級。要及(ji)時發現(xian)違章操作(zuo)和(he)不按設計要求、不按施工圖紙或(huo)施工規范、規程或(huo)質(zhi)量(liang)標準施工的現(xian)象，對(dui)不符合(he)質(zhi)量(liang)要求的，要及(ji)時進(jin)行(xing)糾正(zheng)和(he)嚴(yan)格(ge)控制。

4 道路各結(jie)構層(ceng)高(gao)程(cheng)控制(zhi)

城市道(dao)路(lu)不(bu)僅(jin)具有行車行人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通功(gong)能，而(er)且兼有排(pai)水(shui)、排(pai)洪(hong)功(gong)能。因此，在(zai)(zai)建設中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)按總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)及設計要(yao)(yao)求嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心高(gao)程，該項控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)當，就(jiu)有可能在(zai)(zai)道(dao)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)個(ge)方向上(shang)形成阻水(shui)和積(ji)水(shui)現象，不(bu)利于(yu)城市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)防洪(hong)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)際施(shi)(shi)工監(jian)理(li)時(shi)，監(jian)理(li)人員亦應(ying)(ying)把高(gao)程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)視為重點(dian)項目，從基(ji)礎到(dao)基(ji)層一直到(dao)面層，事(shi)先制(zhi)(zhi)定詳細(xi)(xi)可行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)則。要(yao)(yao)側重于(yu)事(shi)前事(shi)中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。路(lu)床施(shi)(shi)工應(ying)(ying)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)填方填高(gao)和挖方挖深，路(lu)床是(shi)整(zheng)條(tiao)道(dao)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛形，在(zai)(zai)高(gao)程、橫坡、平(ping)整(zheng)度等(deng)方面應(ying)(ying)下大(da)功(gong)夫。在(zai)(zai)基(ji)層施(shi)(shi)工時(shi)應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)虛鋪厚度及壓實(shi)(shi)度，中(zhong)線高(gao)程應(ying)(ying)避免出現大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正偏差(cha)，這樣就(jiu)可解決因基(ji)層超高(gao)而(er)出現面層超薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。

5 提高(gao)監理(li)工作效率(lv)的幾點(dian)措施

 第一(yi)，加強與(yu)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)上級(ji)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通協調(diao)(diao)力(li)度，最(zui)大限度地發揮監(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)(he)(he)權(quan)限。通過(guo)召開與(yu)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)協調(diao)(diao)會(hui)，我們(men)重(zhong)申(shen)和(he)(he)(he)進一(yi)步(bu)明確了(le)監(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職責和(he)(he)(he)權(quan)限，使業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)管理(li)部門認識到監(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)必要性(xing)(xing)，使他(ta)們(men)把該(gai)給(gei)監(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)還(huan)給(gei)了(le)監(jian)理(li)，分(fen)清各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)職責權(quan)限，充分(fen)發揮監(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。另(ling)外，在檢查中，主(zhu)動引導(dao)上級(ji)部門除繼續注重(zhong)實體質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測、數據(ju)分(fen)析和(he)(he)(he)試(shi)驗資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽查外，還(huan)應(ying)加強施工(gong)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制檢查，使之更加合理(li)、更加人(ren)性(xing)(xing)化。

第二，加大對工(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)的(de)監(jian)(jian)管力(li)度，確保工(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)公(gong)正、客(ke)觀、科學。建立各級崗位責任(ren)制(zhi)以及相應的(de)考核獎罰制(zhi)度，杜絕監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)中的(de)敷衍行事(shi)和(he)弄虛作(zuo)假行為。對那些利用監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)職(zhi)權，工(gong)作(zuo)不負責任(ren)、不能(neng)勝任(ren)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)，堅決予以清退，并計入(ru)誠信檔案。

第三，加強內部管理(li)，提(ti)高服務效率。一是落實(shi)旁站制(zhi)度，保證關鍵(jian)部位(wei)、關鍵(jian)工序的工程(cheng)質量。要(yao)制(zhi)訂針對(dui)(dui)性強、符(fu)合(he)所監(jian)工程(cheng)特點的監(jian)理(li)旁站計劃，并(bing)在實(shi)際監(jian)理(li)活動中予以(yi)(yi)落實(shi)，更好地(di)體(ti)現監(jian)理(li)企業(ye)綜(zong)合(he)水平和現場監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員的良(liang)好素(su)質。二是加強管理(li)，嚴格驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收程(cheng)序。監(jian)理(li)每次(ci)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收時，只要(yao)發現其不(bu)合(he)格分項超出(chu)抽(chou)檢允(yun)許數量，就不(bu)要(yao)繼續往下進行驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收，必須(xu)要(yao)求其先進行整改。整改合(he)格后再次(ci)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收，監(jian)理(li)除對(dui)(dui)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收首次(ci)發現不(bu)合(he)格項進行整改外(wai)，對(dui)(dui)所報驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收段也(ye)要(yao)重新全面抽(chou)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)類推，直到抽(chou)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)合(he)格為止。

參考文獻：

[1]盧(lu)冠霖.最新市政道路(lu)工(gong)程監理規章制度全(quan)集[M].北京：中國計劃出版社,2003