導語：如何才能寫好一篇園林工程(cheng)項(xiang)目管理(li)制(zhi)度，這就需(xu)要搜集(ji)整理(li)更多的資料(liao)和文獻，歡迎閱讀由公(gong)務(wu)員之家整理(li)的十(shi)篇范文，供你借(jie)鑒。

篇1

【關(guan)鍵詞】園(yuan)林(lin)施工；項目管理；政策法規(gui)；技術規(gui)范

我國的園林工程規模正(zheng)隨(sui)著城(cheng)市(shi)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)在不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)，根據我國(guo)(guo)相關部(bu)門的(de)統計(ji)資料(liao)顯示：“2001年(nian)以來我國(guo)(guo)園(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)地(di)面(mian)積逐(zhu)漸擴(kuo)大(da)(da)，截(jie)止(zhi)2011年(nian)底，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)擁(yong)有園(yuan)林綠(lv)(lv)地(di)面(mian)積245.27萬(wan)公頃(qing)(qing)，是2001年(nian)（94.7萬(wan)公頃(qing)(qing)）的(de)2.59倍，同(tong)時，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建成區(qu)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)積也在也在逐(zhu)年(nian)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)，2001-2011十(shi)年(nian)間(jian)增長(chang)了2倍多。截(jie)止(zhi)到2013年(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)建成區(qu)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)覆(fu)蓋(gai)面(mian)積181.2萬(wan)公頃(qing)(qing)，比2012年(nian)增加9.3萬(wan)公頃(qing)(qing)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)建成區(qu)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率(lv)、綠(lv)(lv)地(di)率(lv)分別達39.59%和(he)(he)35.72%”。面(mian)對如此巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)市(shi)場前景，我國(guo)(guo)的(de)園(yuan)林工(gong)程(cheng)正(zheng)朝著規模化(hua)(hua)(hua)、現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)集約化(hua)(hua)(hua)前進。

1.現代園林(lin)工(gong)程管(guan)理研究(jiu)狀況

現階段我國園林工程項目建設取得的豐碩成果的同時也存在著一定的問題，那就是當前園林行業發展中工程施工管理制度和(he)(he)(he)體(ti)系(xi)架(jia)構。園(yuan)林(lin)施工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)優(you)化運營模式，提高工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)施工(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理效率，才能夠降低工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價。園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理是(shi)優(you)化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理和(he)(he)(he)提高施工(gong)(gong)技術的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)途(tu)徑(jing)。國(guo)(guo)外(wai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理理論(lun)具(ju)有代(dai)表(biao)性的(de)是(shi)以PMI為代(dai)表(biao)的(de)美國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理體(ti)系(xi)和(he)(he)(he)以CCTA為代(dai)表(biao)的(de)英國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理體(ti)系(xi)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理的(de)理論(lun)的(de)探索相對于國(guo)(guo)外(wai)發達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)起步較(jiao)晚，現代(dai)管(guan)理主要(yao)(yao)借鑒(jian)ISO質量(liang)管(guan)理體(ti)系(xi)結合(he)PDCA循環運行(xing)(xing)的(de)基本方法(fa)，體(ti)系(xi)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)項目(mu)管(guan)理研(yan)究(jiu)委員會（PMRC）構建的(de)C-PMBOK，雖然我(wo)國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理已經出(chu)具(ju)規(gui)模但還是(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)我(wo)們進一步研(yan)究(jiu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理過(guo)程(cheng)中可能出(chu)現的(de)新(xin)情況和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)問題，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)采用新(xin)型技術手段，保證(zheng)園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)順利進行(xing)(xing)。

2.某市市園林工程(cheng)管理案例分析

園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)理主(zhu)要(yao)針對工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)實(shi)踐，主(zhu)要(yao)涉及申報審批、質量監督和驗收審核等(deng)多(duo)個因素。我國園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程行(xing)業(ye)經過長期的(de)實(shi)踐已經探索出了一條具有地方(fang)性色彩的(de)專業(ye)化園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程管(guan)理模(mo)式，先通過某案(an)例進行(xing)分析。

該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是與商品房配套的綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)景觀工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，規模不大(da)，但涉(she)及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)內容完整(zheng)，主要涉(she)及景觀小(xiao)品、綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)種(zhong)植、小(xiao)區給排(pai)水(shui)等。施工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)具有園林綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)一級資質(zhi)，景觀設計專(zhuan)業資質(zhi)和(he)綠(lv)(lv)地專(zhuan)業養(yang)護資質(zhi)。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)門由勘察設計單位(wei)(wei)、施工(gong)建(jian)設單位(wei)(wei)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)單位(wei)(wei)、組織建(jian)設單位(wei)(wei)，各有分(fen)工(gong)。其中綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設面積為2843平(ping)方米。

2.1工(gong)程項目(mu)初期(qi)調(diao)研管理(li)

初期調研工(gong)(gong)作建立(li)在(zai)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目管理運作模式(shi)認(ren)知基(ji)礎上，結(jie)合對(dui)于該地區工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目運作的優(you)(you)勢，最終實現管理過程(cheng)的優(you)(you)化(hua)組合。該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目初期調研管理主要(yao)涉(she)及工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理的現狀和存(cun)在(zai)的優(you)(you)勢

2.1.1現狀分析

對于現狀分(fen)析(xi)應從三(san)個方面分(fen)析(xi)，一是行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是包(bao)含了多個相關領(ling)域(yu)內(nei)容(rong)的(de)復雜工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)建(jian)立在政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)為主導(dao)的(de)基礎(chu)上，依靠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策法規和宏(hong)觀調(diao)控等(deng)手段，建(jian)立行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，從而(er)保障園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)順利開展(zhan)，就目(mu)前而(er)言該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)主要(yao)(yao)可以劃(hua)分(fen)為園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)易(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部門、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部門和園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)安全質(zhi)量(liang)監督機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，各司其(qi)職。二是行業(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。行業(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是為了完善進度控制、質(zhi)量(liang)控制進而(er)實現組(zu)(zu)織協(xie)調(diao)，該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)行業(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)架(jia)構(gou)是城市(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)技(ji)術指(zhi)導(dao)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)提供技(ji)術管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、指(zhi)導(dao)和服(fu)務，城市(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化科(ke)學研究機(ji)(ji)構(gou)助園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)生態檢測(ce)和園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)設(she)質(zhi)量(liang)監督，園(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)部門主要(yao)(yao)負責公園(yuan)設(she)施(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)與維(wei)護和公共綠(lv)(lv)(lv)地管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。三(san)是企業(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)施(shi)工(gong)企業(ye)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)組(zu)(zu)織形(xing)式(shi)主要(yao)(yao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)現在施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)模式(shi)，組(zu)(zu)織管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)形(xing)式(shi)可以劃(hua)分(fen)為： 直線式(shi)組(zu)(zu)織形(xing)式(shi)，職能式(shi)組(zu)(zu)織形(xing)式(shi)和矩陣式(shi)組(zu)(zu)織形(xing)式(shi)。

2.1.2某園林工程管理優勢分析

該(gai)園林工程管(guan)理(li)方(fang)面在結合完善的制(zhi)度管(guan)理(li)模式后，優(you)勢主要體(ti)現在法律政策保障、行(xing)業(ye)操作規范和施(shi)工企業(ye)資(zi)質完備三個方(fang)面。

2.2園(yuan)林工程項目中期(qi)建(jian)設管理

2.2.1安全保證體系及措施

本工(gong)程管理(li)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保證體系及措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)涉及安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)目(mu)標、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)防火措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保衛措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)等多個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)，現做一(yi)下簡(jian)單介(jie)紹。

依據綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工程特點，確定(ding)安全(quan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工目標，涉及重特大交通事(shi)故、突發性公共安全(quan)事(shi)件和(he)安全(quan)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)傷亡(wang)率(lv)的控制(zhi)；綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工程安全(quan)管理(li)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)是現(xian)(xian)場(chang)成(cheng)立安全(quan)領導組織機(ji)構監(jian)督檢查安全(quan)工作措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)時全(quan)員(yuan)(yuan)堅持安全(quan)生產自檢制(zhi)度，工地特種作業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)須持證上崗，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工現(xian)(xian)場(chang)內嚴格(ge)禁止不(bu)正當的穿著；程安全(quan)技術措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)機(ji)電設(she)備(bei)、供電設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴禁亂接亂動(dong)，嚴控易燃易爆及有毒物品等(deng)；安全(quan)保衛措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有佩帶(dai)胸卡、運輸車輛按(an)指定(ding)路線行(xing)駛、訪(fang)客(ke)預約等(deng)。

2.2.2現場技術管理質量保證體系及(ji)措(cuo)施

本工程工程質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)保證體系包括質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)內(nei)容、原則、任務、結構(gou)。其(qi)中管(guan)理(li)內(nei)容是確定土方回填(tian)后(hou)排(pai)水坡(po)度，樹木栽植過程中的質量(liang)控制和栽植后(hou)養護管(guan)理(li)的制度規范。

2.3園(yuan)林工程項目(mu)后(hou)期(qi)效果評估研究

對于本(ben)工程項目后期效果的評估研究包括了成本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)評估、進度控(kong)制(zhi)評估、質量控(kong)制(zhi)評估和安全控(kong)制(zhi)評估。

2.4項目末期總結管(guan)理(li)

從行(xing)政監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度層(ceng)面來(lai)看(kan)，該市(shi)在積極的(de)(de)探索健全園林(lin)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系的(de)(de)途徑，這對于本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)說有效(xiao)地保障監督和評估(gu)能夠有效(xiao)地貫徹實(shi)施(shi)。從行(xing)業(ye)市(shi)場管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)規范(fan)(fan)層(ceng)面來(lai)看(kan)，行(xing)業(ye)市(shi)場的(de)(de)規范(fan)(fan)是保障園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有序進行(xing)的(de)(de)保障，對于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)相關行(xing)業(ye)規范(fan)(fan)進行(xing)整合，才能在保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)(de)前(qian)提下，提高(gao)園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)科學性。從企業(ye)自身管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)執(zhi)行(xing)層(ceng)面來(lai)看(kan)，園林(lin)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)有“三分(fen)設計(ji)七分(fen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)傳統說法，本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在整個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，嚴格按照(zhao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計(ji)圖紙和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織方案進行(xing)現場的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。

3.園林工程管理模式(shi)的體系(xi)架構

管理結構主體(ti)的架構包括質(zhi)量控(kong)制、安全控(kong)制和成本控(kong)制。

3.1施(shi)工管理控制(zhi)體系

園林(lin)工程(cheng)管理的過(guo)程(cheng)中通規劃工序、控制(zhi)技術和協(xie)調(diao)組(zu)織(zhi)來達(da)到施(shi)工管理進度控制(zhi)中施(shi)工進度要不滯后于(yu)既定的進度安(an)排。主要措施(shi)包括(kuo)進度安(an)排、進度計劃、進度銜接(jie)和進度預算。

施工管(guan)理質量控制(zhi)是園林工程順利進行的(de)(de)根本保障(zhang)，在這(zhe)方(fang)面要做好以下幾點工作，即管(guan)理人(ren)員的(de)(de)質量控制(zhi)、施工人(ren)員的(de)(de)質量控制(zhi)和工序(xu)技(ji)術的(de)(de)質量控制(zhi)。

施工管(guan)理(li)成本(ben)(ben)控制可實現利(li)益的(de)最大化(hua)，主要(yao)包括由(you)勞務費(fei)(fei)、材料費(fei)(fei)、現場經(jing)營管(guan)理(li)費(fei)(fei)組成的(de)直接成本(ben)(ben)和由(you)體制成本(ben)(ben)、素質成本(ben)(ben)等組成的(de)見解成本(ben)(ben)。

3.2技(ji)術規范控制

完善園(yuan)(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)規范(fan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)整(zheng)個施工過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)來說具有重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)意義，其中在制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)層面(mian)上可以歸(gui)納(na)為(wei)：（1）技術(shu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)籌備規范(fan)。作為(wei)園(yuan)(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)系統(tong)的(de)管理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)明(ming)確設計(ji)者的(de)主要(yao)(yao)意圖，需要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合工程(cheng)(cheng)相關設計(ji)圖紙，制(zhi)(zhi)定工程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度(du)計(ji)劃措施（2）技術(shu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)驗收規范(fan)。歸(gui)納(na)、搜集和整(zheng)理(li)工程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)展資料，基(ji)于施工現狀(zhuang)資源(yuan)分(fen)析與環(huan)境影(ying)響評(ping)價，制(zhi)(zhi)定園(yuan)(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)的(de)基(ji)礎規范(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，明(ming)確項目管理(li)的(de)方(fang)向。

4.結束語

園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理的(de)過程(cheng)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系(xi)統而復(fu)雜(za)的(de)組織體系(xi)，本文從(cong)某園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)具體施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理的(de)多個(ge)方面入手，向大家介紹了關(guan)(guan)于(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)管(guan)理的(de)簡(jian)單內容和相關(guan)(guan)原則。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)是改善城(cheng)市生態環境的(de)重要工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，我們一(yi)(yi)定要做好(hao)組織管(guan)理公作(zuo)，熟(shu)悉管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)內容，保障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率，為城(cheng)市美好(hao)環境把好(hao)關(guan)(guan)。

篇2

關鍵詞(ci):園林;工程項目;管理

Abstract: from the quality management, artistic creation and cost control three aspects elaborated landscape engineering project management

Keywords: garden; Engineering project; management

中圖分類號：K928.73文獻標(biao)識碼：A 文章編(bian)號：

隨(sui)著城市(shi)化進程(cheng)的(de)(de)加(jia)快，近年來(lai)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠化施(shi)工(gong)企業如雨后春筍般涌現。由于(yu)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)準入(ru)門(men)檻相對(dui)較低(di)，使得現有(you)的(de)(de)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)施(shi)工(gong)隊伍素(su)(su)質(zhi)參(can)差不(bu)齊，其(qi)中不(bu)少(shao)是“草莽(mang)英雄”或(huo)“半路(lu)出(chu)家”。我所接觸的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)(gong)司尤其(qi)是民(min)營園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)司大(da)都在接到一(yi)個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)后沒有(you)組織一(yi)個(ge)科學有(you)效的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)班(ban)子(zi)，更談不(bu)上項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)了。園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠化有(you)其(qi)自身(shen)的(de)(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)，因此(ci)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)要進行項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、藝術(shu)創造和成本(ben)控(kong)制三大(da)要素(su)(su)缺一(yi)不(bu)可。本(ben)文根據自己在工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)中的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)實踐經驗(yan)，談點粗淺(qian)體會。

一(yi)、始終把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理放在第一(yi)位。百(bai)年大計，質量(liang)第一(yi)。質量(liang)是企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的生(sheng)命，一(yi)個好的園林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)需要(yao)有一(yi)個持(chi)續的使用(yong)壽(shou)命和(he)(he)藝術壽(shou)命。有人認為園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)利(li)潤豐(feng)厚、風險不大，于是出現了“掛靠(kao)”現象(xiang)，或(huo)者少(shao)數施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在中標后為了圖省事，以收取(qu)一(yi)定的比例(li)費用(yong)，干脆將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)轉包(bao)他人施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)就是園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的“剝皮”現象(xiang)。這(zhe)些現象(xiang)都(dou)會給園林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)目標的控制(zhi)造(zao)成較大的危害，因(yin)此管(guan)(guan)理好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)，對園林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)具有重要(yao)的意(yi)義，對企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的信(xin)譽和(he)(he)發展前途(tu)是至關(guan)重要(yao)的。

篇3

關鍵(jian)詞：園(yuan)林(lin)工程成本控制(zhi)途(tu)徑

園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)綠化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)環境建(jian)(jian)設越來(lai)越重要(yao)的組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分，并逐(zhu)步走向市(shi)場化(hua)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業面臨(lin)著更加激(ji)烈(lie)的市(shi)場競爭，園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目最終(zhong)能否(fou)獲得一定的經濟效益，關鍵在于(yu)有無低廉的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制(zhi)是(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)管理的重要(yao)環節。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制(zhi)應從工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投標報價開始，直(zhi)至項(xiang)(xiang)目竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)結算完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)止，貫穿于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)的全過程(cheng)。分階段進行(xing)目標成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)際成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)際對(dui)比，并進行(xing)差(cha)異分析，提出改(gai)進建(jian)(jian)議，使實(shi)(shi)(shi)際成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)接近或控制(zhi)在目標成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)之下[1，2]。現就園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制(zhi)與有效途徑探討如下。

一、施工成本控制

施(shi)工成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)是指在(zai)施(shi)工過程中，對影響施(shi)工成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)因素(su)加(jia)強(qiang)管理，并采取各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)有效(xiao)措施(shi)，將施(shi)工中實際發生(sheng)的各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)消耗和(he)支出嚴格控制(zhi)在(zai)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)計劃范(fan)圍內，隨時揭(jie)示并及時反饋(kui)，嚴格審查各(ge)(ge)項費(fei)用是否符合標(biao)準，采取多(duo)種(zhong)措施(shi)，消除(chu)施(shi)工中的損(sun)失浪費(fei)現象。

合同文件和(he)成(cheng)本(ben)計劃是成(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)目標，進度報告(gao)、工(gong)程變更(geng)和(he)索賠資(zi)料是成(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)過程中(zhong)的(de)動態資(zi)料。成(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)程序(xu)體現了動態跟蹤控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)原理。應滿足:

①要(yao)按照計劃(hua)成本目標控制值來控制生產要(yao)素的采購價格，并認真做好材料、設備進場數(shu)量和質量的檢(jian)查(cha)、驗收(shou)與保管(guan)。

②要控制(zhi)生產要素的利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率和(he)消耗定額，如(ru)任務單管理(li)、限額領料、驗收報告審核等。

③控制工程變更(geng)、洽商項目(mu)所引起的(de)成本(ben)增加，及(ji)時做好簽證和證明資料的(de)歸(gui)檔。

④把施工成本管理(li)責(ze)任(ren)制度與對項(xiang)目管理(li)者的激勵機制結(jie)合起來，增強管理(li)人員的成本意(yi)識和控制能力。

⑤企業(ye)必(bi)須有一(yi)套(tao)健全的(de)項目財務管理(li)制度，按規定的(de)權限和(he)(he)程序對項目資金的(de)使(shi)用和(he)(he)費(fei)用的(de)結算支付進行審(shen)核(he)、審(shen)批。

二、園林工程項目成本控制的有(you)效途徑

成(cheng)本(ben)控制(zhi)的主要途徑(jing)從降低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)、增加(jia)(jia)收入(ru)兩方面著手，只(zhi)有在(zai)增加(jia)(jia)收入(ru)的同時節約支出，才(cai)能控制(zhi)項(xiang)目成(cheng)本(ben)，提高經(jing)濟效益。按照“量、價”分離原則，控制(zhi)工程項(xiang)目成(cheng)本(ben)[3-5]。

1、投標階段

決策(ce)層及造價(jia)員要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過調查了(le)解施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)周圍(wei)環境、主要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)期以及要(yao)(yao)求的(de)開工(gong)(gong)竣工(gong)(gong)時(shi)間、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)難易程(cheng)度，結合(he)(he)擬進場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍的(de)技(ji)術狀況，制定出科(ke)學的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)和(he)(he)有效的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。從行(xing)政(zheng)上、技(ji)術上和(he)(he)商務上進行(xing)全面鑒別、比較后采用科(ke)學的(de)計(ji)算(suan)方(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)切合(he)(he)實際的(de)計(ji)價(jia)依據(ju)，確定合(he)(he)理有利的(de)綜合(he)(he)單價(jia)及投標價(jia)格。

2、人工費(fei)成(cheng)本(ben)和現場經費(fei)

一方面(mian)，抓好人(ren)員編(bian)制，定崗定員，工程項目組(zu)織結構(gou)要精(jing)干、高(gao)效，盡量縮小中標人(ren)工費與(yu)實際工資標準的差距。另一方面(mian)。注意間接費用(yong)的控制，保持一支筆審批經費制度，特別控制招待費、差旅費、辦(ban)公費、電話費、低額(e)耗品的耗用(yong)等雜(za)項開(kai)支。

3、材料費用

在工程(cheng)(cheng)施工中，主(zhu)要成本(ben)項(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)工程(cheng)(cheng)直接材料(liao)，它(ta)在直接成本(ben)中一般占(zhan)60%以上，所以，造價管理與控制人員應(ying)高度重視該項(xiang)目(mu)的成本(ben)控制，它(ta)是(shi)降低(di)成本(ben)潛力(li)最大(da)的成本(ben)控制項(xiang)目(mu)。綠化苗木(mu)占(zhan)園林(lin)工程(cheng)(cheng)很大(da)的比重，更(geng)因其材料(liao)特性要注(zhu)意以下幾點(dian):

①認真(zhen)審核施(shi)工(gong)圖紙(zhi)，提(ti)前計出工(gong)程(cheng)量，各班(ban)組只能在規定限(xian)額內分(fen)期(qi)分(fen)批(pi)領用；

②改(gai)進施工(gong)及種(zhong)植技(ji)術，推廣使用降(jiang)低料耗的各種(zhong)新技(ji)術、新工(gong)藝、新材料；

③在對(dui)工(gong)程進行功能(neng)分(fen)析、對(dui)苗木進行習性分(fen)析的基(ji)礎上，提高苗木的成活率；

④認(ren)真計量驗收，堅持(chi)余料(liao)回收，降(jiang)低(di)料(liao)耗水平；

⑤加強現場管理，合理堆放(fang)，減少搬運，降低堆放(fang)、倉儲損耗。

4、機械使用費

造價(jia)管理人(ren)員合(he)理確定(ding)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)臺班定(ding)額(e)，把單車(che)、單機(ji)(ji)核算落實(shi)到機(ji)(ji)型和操(cao)作者(zhe)個(ge)人(ren)，做到事前(qian)測(ce)算、事中控制(zhi)、事后考核，提高機(ji)(ji)械(xie)使(shi)用效率，爭取(qu)超額(e)完成(cheng)(cheng)臺班定(ding)額(e)工作量(liang)。同時，注意控制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設備的維護成(cheng)(cheng)本。

5、工期方面

工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)的拖長會直接造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程的管理(li)和(he)維護(hu)成(cheng)本(ben)增大，所(suo)以要盡可能在保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)的情況下壓縮(suo)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)。而(er)對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)壓縮(suo)可選擇的方案(an)較多(duo)，而(er)方案(an)的組合更不計其數。多(duo)種方案(an)比較，選擇質(zhi)量(liang)有保證(zheng)且工(gong)(gong)程成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)的方案(an)。如生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)組織人(ren)(ren)員為了趕工(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)而(er)盲目(mu)增加(jia)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員和(he)設備，其結(jie)果必(bi)然(ran)會導致(zhi)窩工(gong)(gong)現象(xiang)發生(sheng)(sheng)而(er)浪(lang)費人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)費，應予(yu)以制止。

6、動(dong)態成本控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)作

在(zai)現行(xing)招標(biao)項(xiang)目(mu)中廣泛采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最低(di)價中標(biao)原則使施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業在(zai)工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)中盈利(li)(li)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)占很少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一部分，利(li)(li)潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獲得很大(da)(da)一部分往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)需憑借費用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)、設(she)(she)計(ji)變更(geng)和工(gong)程簽(qian)(qian)證。因此，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業一定要注(zhu)意這方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態，收集(ji)資料，爭(zheng)取更(geng)大(da)(da)利(li)(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)和簽(qian)(qian)證，如因業主原因導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停工(gong)損失，場地(di)狹窄(zhai)而發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料二次倒(dao)運費，設(she)(she)計(ji)變更(geng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)費用等。造價編制人(ren)員(yuan)要與項(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)理(li)密(mi)切保(bao)持交流，對于項(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)理(li)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)決策，應(ying)從控制成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度提出其是否可行(xing)。現場所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟活(huo)動(dong)，造價編制與管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)都應(ying)參加(jia)并審核(he)，方能實施(shi)(shi)。

7、結算工作

項目(mu)經濟效益的好壞，還(huan)與(yu)最(zui)(zui)后階段工程結(jie)算(suan)(suan)編(bian)制(zhi)的正確、完整與(yu)否(fou)息息相(xiang)關，工程項目(mu)做得再好，如少算(suan)(suan)、漏算(suan)(suan)，都(dou)是白算(suan)(suan)，包括對前面(mian)一(yi)(yi)切成本控制(zhi)所(suo)采取的措(cuo)施，一(yi)(yi)切的努(nu)力都(dou)將付諸東流，所(suo)以最(zui)(zui)后的匯(hui)總也(ye)顯得尤為重要(yao)。一(yi)(yi)般來說，中標價加上各種設(she)計變(bian)更及現(xian)場簽證費用便形成了最(zui)(zui)終結(jie)算(suan)(suan)額。在向(xiang)業主提出最(zui)(zui)終結(jie)算(suan)(suan)額前，造價編(bian)制(zhi)與(yu)管理人(ren)員(yuan)必須與(yu)財(cai)務人(ren)員(yuan)進行認真全(quan)面(mian)的核(he)算(suan)(suan)，如發(fa)現(xian)實際支付和應收(shou)入二者之間(jian)有差(cha)距(ju)，應查明原因。

園林工(gong)程施工(gong)企業項目成本控制在整個項目管(guan)理體系(xi)中處于十分重要的地位，造(zao)價(jia)編制與管(guan)理人(ren)員加(jia)強工(gong)程項目成本控制對(dui)控制，工(gong)程造(zao)價(jia)，增加(jia)經濟效益，特別(bie)是對(dui)提高工(gong)程質量(liang)、確(que)保(bao)安全施工(gong)等方(fang)面也有深遠(yuan)的意義。

參考文獻：

[1]彭尚銀，王繼(ji)才.工程項(xiang)目管理[M].北京:中國建筑工業出(chu)版社，2005.

[2]徐蓉.工程造(zao)價(jia)管理[M].上(shang)海:同濟大(da)學出版社，2005.

[3]張海貴.現代建筑(zhu)施(shi)工項(xiang)目(mu)管理[M].北京(jing):金盾出(chu)版(ban)社，2003.

篇4

1園(yuan)林(lin)工程施工精細化管理(li)特點

“精(jing)細化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是一種(zhong)以(yi)最大(da)限度(du)地減少企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)所占(zhan)用的(de)(de)資源和降低企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)及運營成本為主(zhu)要目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方式。’憫園林工程(cheng)施工精(jing)細化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是個全方位的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，就是提高工程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)每個環節中的(de)(de)質量(liang)，進而(er)達到在工程(cheng)質量(liang)最優化(hua)同(tong)時工程(cheng)利潤最大(da)化(hua)。總(zong)的(de)(de)來說，施工管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)括：安全管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、成本管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、進度(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、信息管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、施工現場(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。要做好施工管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，就必須做到“精(jing)”在事(shi)前，“細”在過程(cheng)中，能夠真正的(de)(de)“事(shi)事(shi)有人(ren)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，人(ren)人(ren)都管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)事(shi)”。

(1)“精’在事前，就是要求制(zhi)定完善制(zhi)度(du)(du)。在園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員要根(gen)據(ju)施工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)實(shi)際情況，結合以往(wang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)經(jing)驗(yan)，制(zhi)定適合園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)精細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。包括項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)各(ge)(ge)職能(neng)部(bu)門(men)規(gui)章制(zhi)度(du)(du)，各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)行(xing)之有效(xiao)的(de)獎懲激勵機制(zhi)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度(du)(du)計(ji)劃書(包括人(ren)(ren)力安(an)排、材料(liao)安(an)排、工(gong)(gong)序安(an)排等)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成本控制(zhi)預算(suan)，各(ge)(ge)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)行(xing)業規(gui)范以及(ji)根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際編制(zhi)的(de)行(xing)之有效(xiao)的(de)操作規(gui)程(cheng)，各(ge)(ge)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序的(de)驗(yan)收質(zhi)量標準。

(2)“細(xi)(xi)”在過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中，就(jiu)是要(yao)求在管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中加強人的(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)力。“管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是指通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)計劃、組織、激勵、領導(dao)、控制等手段，結合(he)人力、物力、財力、信(xin)息等資源，以(yi)期高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)達到(dao)組織目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程。’在園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)應講求以(yi)人為(wei)本，實(shi)施全(quan)方位管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，目(mu)標明確(que)，重點突出，系(xi)統控制，獎懲到(dao)位，把園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程中各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)序管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)素全(quan)部(bu)納(na)入(ru)嚴密的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制系(xi)統。對(dui)(dui)各(ge)(ge)(ge)項目(mu)目(mu)標實(shi)施細(xi)(xi)化、分解和(he)動態管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)求各(ge)(ge)(ge)項工(gong)(gong)作做(zuo)到(dao)痕(hen)跡化、無縫隙(xi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，部(bu)門員工(gong)(gong)實(shi)行(xing)自主管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)績效考核提高員工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性、主動性、能動性。2園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)精細(xi)(xi)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)應用要(yao)做(zuo)好園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精細(xi)(xi)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，就(jiu)要(yao)分清(qing)楚(chu)園林(lin)要(yao)素，主要(yao)由五個(ge)(ge)要(yao)素構成(cheng)：“堆山疊(die)石、理(li)(li)(li)(li)水、建(jian)筑(zhu)、小(xiao)品、植物”。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)要(yao)素特(te)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)掌握，細(xi)(xi)致分析各(ge)(ge)(ge)要(yao)素在施工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，做(zuo)到(dao)精細(xi)(xi)化管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。

2．1精細(xi)化(hua)的(de)分析

這是工(gong)程項目施工(gong)企(qi)業取得核心競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)有力(li)手段。分析內容(rong)包括(kuo)：

(1)熟(shu)悉(xi)施工合(he)同(tong)。分析(xi)合(he)同(tong)的性質和內容(總價包干、綜合(he)單(dan)價)，認真分析(xi)暫定金、不可預見費，認真分析(xi)工程款(kuan)支(zhi)付(fu)比例、方式(shi)，真正做到全面的統籌計劃(hua)。

(2)做(zuo)好材(cai)(cai)(cai)料采購(gou)的(de)計(ji)劃(hua)與合同，盡(jin)可能降(jiang)低成(cheng)本。對(dui)工程項目中(zhong)主要材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)投標報價(jia)和(he)市場(chang)行情進行認真分析，做(zuo)好材(cai)(cai)(cai)料計(ji)劃(hua)，盡(jin)早(zao)準(zhun)備、適度超前，以避免發(fa)生材(cai)(cai)(cai)料準(zhun)備不(bu)足而緊急采購(gou)導致價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)浮的(de)情況。要注重園林資材(cai)(cai)(cai)信(xin)息(xi)收(shou)集與積(ji)累(lei)，建立(li)長期的(de)穩定的(de)多(duo)方(fang)位(wei)的(de)供(gong)貨(huo)渠道(dao)，要知(zhi)道(dao)同樣材(cai)(cai)(cai)料不(bu)同地(di)方(fang)其(qi)出廠價(jia)格(ge)存(cun)在很大(da)差異。這個是成(cheng)本控制的(de)關鍵。

(3)合(he)理使用、配(pei)置(zhi)設(she)備與(yu)合(he)理安(an)排勞動力，避免不(bu)必要的閑置(zhi)與(yu)浪(lang)費。針對不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)序需(xu)要的機械設(she)配(pei)不(bu)同(tong)，綜合(he)考(kao)慮是租用還是自行購買，以確保設(she)備安(an)全(quan)、施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)。項目(mu)部(bu)根據施工(gong)(gong)不(bu)同(tong)階段，分析工(gong)(gong)作量和工(gong)(gong)作面，合(he)理組織安(an)排不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)種的勞動力。

2．2精細化的核算

這是貫(guan)穿于項(xiang)目施工的(de)全過程，也是項(xiang)目實現利潤(run)最(zui)大(da)化的(de)必要條(tiao)件和最(zui)主要的(de)手段。

(1)項(xiang)目部配備。項(xiang)目部組建應該講究(jiu)團隊，各(ge)個部門(men)是互相(xiang)補充互相(xiang)關聯(lian)。根據項(xiang)目規(gui)模、進度計劃，組織配備適合工程(cheng)施工的(de)項(xiang)目部管理人(ren)員。

(2)施(shi)工材料(liao)(liao)(liao)采購(gou)與使用(yong)。施(shi)工材料(liao)(liao)(liao)成本的(de)控(kong)制和合理使用(yong)是利(li)(li)潤(run)提高的(de)關(guan)鍵環節。采購(gou)時要(yao)講究“貨(huo)比三家(jia)”。施(shi)工中材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)使用(yong)，重(zhong)點要(yao)把握(wo)：材料(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)場量、材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)保管、材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)利(li)(li)用(yong)率。

(3)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設(she)備與勞動力安排情況。這(zhe)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)順利(li)進(jin)(jin)展的重要保證。必須認真(zhen)分析機(ji)(ji)械(xie)進(jin)(jin)場的最佳(jia)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)進(jin)(jin)場后每天工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面應及時(shi)(shi)提供到位，確保機(ji)(ji)械(xie)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高速有效：針對(dui)園(yuan)林施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中不同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種，安排相應的技術(shu)人員，根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作量分析總的用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人數(shu)，同時(shi)(shi)根(gen)據(ju)各個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作面合理安排每天用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人數(shu)。

(4)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)費(fei)用開(kai)支情況。這是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)成本控制的(de)重要保障，是貫穿于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)全過程(cheng)。主要分(fen)析(xi)：材料采購開(kai)支、機械(xie)與(yu)勞動力費(fei)用開(kai)支、項目(mu)(mu)(mu)部(bu)管理人(ren)員費(fei)用、項目(mu)(mu)(mu)業務(wu)費(fei)用、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度款申報與(yu)支付情況等等，做到周期性(xing)的(de)總結(jie)分(fen)析(xi)，為(wei)下一階段(duan)提(ti)供(gong)有利參(can)考。

2．3精細化的控制

整個(ge)項(xiang)目過(guo)程就是一個(ge)流程，要有計劃、審核、執行(xing)和回顧的(de)過(guo)程。針對園林工程七部分(fen)不同(tong)性(xing)質(zhi)，參(can)照國家規范和行(xing)業標準制定適合本項(xiang)目的(de)操作規程。做(zuo)到事前周密計劃，事中嚴格執行(xing)，事后認真(zhen)核查，嚴格化控制，減少(shao)項(xiang)目部運做(zuo)失誤，杜絕(jue)部分(fen)管理漏洞，增(zeng)強流程參(can)與(yu)人員的(de)責任感(gan)。

2．4精細(xi)化的規劃(hua)

這是(shi)容易被管理者(zhe)忽(hu)視的一個(ge)問(wen)題，但精細化規劃是(shi)推動(dong)項目施(shi)工(gong)的一個(ge)至關重要的關鍵點(dian)。要關注園林(lin)工(gong)程七(qi)部分(fen)相互間的交(jiao)叉(cha)作業，控制每道工(gong)序里的關鍵節點(dian)，監(jian)督(du)與協(xie)調是(shi)工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)的有效保證。項目部各(ge)管理人員的溝通尤為(wei)重要，通過(guo)項目部協(xie)調會、專題會等等，保證各(ge)工(gong)序的順利(li)開展。要對不(bu)同園林(lin)工(gong)程分(fen)部的施(shi)工(gong)方案做到最(zui)(zui)佳最(zui)(zui)優化。

2．5精細化的操作

這(zhe)是工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工進度和(he)(he)(he)(he)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)保證。要做到精(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)化就必須對(dui)園(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)分(fen)(fen)部(bu)(bu)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制定(ding)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)規程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)規范(fan)(fan)，同(tong)時(shi)也應(ying)該制定(ding)項(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)管(guan)理(li)人員崗位職責、安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)制度、安全(quan)文明(ming)施工保證措施，做到有(you)章(zhang)可循。只有(you)項(xiang)目部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)人員都應(ying)遵守這(zhe)種規范(fan)(fan)，才能讓(rang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工做到更加規范(fan)(fan)化和(he)(he)(he)(he)標(biao)準化。3園(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工精(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)化管(guan)理(li)需改善問題(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)國際上，許多發達國家已初步形成了較為完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)經(jing)驗和(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)論，并積累了許多實際工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目精(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)化管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗。國內園(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目也在(zai)(zai)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)完善和(he)(he)(he)(he)更新，但本(ben)人通(tong)過(guo)多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)林工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)，發現(xian)目前園(yuan)林項(xiang)目實施中存在(zai)(zai)不(bu)少問題(ti)(ti)，這(zhe)些(xie)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度上制約(yue)類(lei)；路(lu)邊停車點是由交通(tong)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)(bu)門在(zai)(zai)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)路(lu)段劃(hua)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)停車區域，方便(bian)短(duan)時(shi)間停車需求。

3停車場的(de)規(gui)劃與(yu)設計

(1)隨著科技的(de)發展與進(jin)步，管理手(shou)段的(de)不斷提(ti)高，各地應該(gai)出(chu)臺針對(dui)本地實際情(qing)況的(de)園(yuan)林施工(gong)及(ji)驗收規范；

(2)應該有確實可行的園林(lin)行業(ye)內業(ye)資料(liao)范(fan)本：

(3)園林方(fang)面的專(zhuan)業監理機制應(ying)該得到規范，特別(bie)是專(zhuan)業監理工程師的隊伍建設；

(4)園林施(shi)工工人(ren)技能水平應該加強(qiang)；

(5)園林工程管理人(ren)員的專業知識與管理知識素(su)要亟(ji)待提升。

篇5

【關鍵詞】園林建設工(gong)(gong)程；工(gong)(gong)程造價；管理控制

1 健全建設工程法律法規，保障項目管(guan)理的(de)有(you)效開展。

《建(jian)(jian)筑法》的修(xiu)訂(ding)為建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的發(fa)展(zhan)提供了法律保障(zhang)。修(xiu)訂(ding)稿(gao)中明確了“國家(jia)提倡建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)”、“對(dui)建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)的組織實施進行全過程(cheng)(cheng)或者若干階段的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和服務”。這(zhe)在(zai)我國建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)領域中第一次以法律形式明確了建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的地位和作用，為我國開展(zhan)建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)奠(dian)定了法律基礎，有利于建(jian)(jian)設工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)市場的建(jian)(jian)立創造了契機。

2 建設工程市場需(xu)求的(de)競爭(zheng)，是衡量項目管理企業管理水平的(de)關鍵。

政府的(de)(de)政策(ce)導向(xiang)給建設(she)工程項目(mu)管理的(de)(de)市場培育和發展(zhan)(zhan)帶(dai)來了契(qi)機，建設(she)工程市場自身的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)和項目(mu)管理企業之間的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)，需要劃分由全(quan)過程或(huo)階段性(xing)的(de)(de)專業化的(de)(de)項目(mu)管理服務，是衡量項目(mu)管理企業水平的(de)(de)關鍵。

3 提高園林(lin)建設工程項目管理水平，是企業發展(zhan)的出路。

只有提高園林建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)的(de)水(shui)平，使企業(ye)具(ju)有較強的(de)項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)內功(gong)，才(cai)能適應市(shi)場(chang)的(de)需(xu)求，才(cai)能在市(shi)場(chang)競爭中生存，也是項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)企業(ye)發燕尾(wei)服的(de)必(bi)由出(chu)路。筆者認(ren)為，提高園林建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)水(shui)平需(xu)從以(yi)下幾方面進(jin)行：

3.1 制定(ding)長遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)項目管理企(qi)(qi)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃。為了更好地(di)滿足市場發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，在符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)業長遠規劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)應對企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)戰略進(jin)行(xing)不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整和(he)完(wan)善，企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)構成才更趨合(he)(he)(he)理，更符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃。同時，建立適合(he)(he)(he)項目管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業組織機(ji)構和(he)管理制度、程(cheng)序，以促(cu)進(jin)項目管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

3.2 組建合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構或項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)部。要建立以現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構為中心的(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)程序，項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司各(ge)職(zhi)能部門是(shi)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構的(de)“服務部門”，項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司是(shi)經濟來源(yuan)于(yu)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)構良好的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)服務的(de)報酬。

3.3 加(jia)強項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)引進和培養。由于(yu)我(wo)國(guo)建設工(gong)程行業(ye)(ye)實行企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)和人(ren)員資(zi)格(ge)雙準入機制，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)和人(ren)員資(zi)格(ge)協(xie)調發展(zhan)十分重要(yao)。業(ye)(ye)主在選擇建設工(gong)程項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)時，往往需要(yao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)具(ju)備工(gong)程咨(zi)詢、設計(ji)、工(gong)程造(zao)價、招投(tou)標、監理(li)(li)等(deng)相(xiang)關資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)擴展(zhan)和有資(zi)格(ge)、多重資(zi)格(ge)人(ren)員的(de)(de)加(jia)盟對項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強具(ju)有非(fei)常重要(yao)的(de)(de)意義，也是項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)供多元化(hua)服務的(de)(de)基礎。現場項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)機構(gou)配備專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)公司(si)應(ying)構(gou)筑合(he)理(li)(li)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)結構(gou)，從而(er)達到(dao)人(ren)員資(zi)格(ge)和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)協(xie)調發展(zhan)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

3.4 制(zhi)(zhi)訂項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)手冊等(deng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)按(an)投(tou)資評估、可行行性(xing)研究(jiu)報告編制(zhi)(zhi)和評估、項(xiang)目(mu)策劃(hua)(hua)和規劃(hua)(hua)、招(zhao)投(tou)標(biao)(biao)、設備(bei)管(guan)理(li)、投(tou)資管(guan)理(li)、造價控制(zhi)(zhi)、設備(bei)采購和管(guan)理(li)、合同管(guan)理(li)、信(xin)息管(guan)理(li)、工(gong)程配套手續、監理(li)等(deng)規范內容和操作(zuo)程序，制(zhi)(zhi)定工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)指導(dao)(dao)書等(deng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準，建立信(xin)息數據庫(ku)，指導(dao)(dao)、支持和規范現場項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)機構有各項(xiang)工(gong)作(zuo)；同時，按(an)照企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)等(deng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準建立考核評估機制(zhi)(zhi)，促(cu)進企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)水平(ping)的持續、有效發展。

4 園林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)的核心 ――園林(lin)綠化(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)造價管(guan)理

園林綠化工程(cheng)的(de)造價管(guan)理同(tong)樣可分為設計(ji)階(jie)(jie)段、招投標及合同(tong)管(guan)理階(jie)(jie)段、施工階(jie)(jie)段、竣工結算階(jie)(jie)段等四個階(jie)(jie)段，各個階(jie)(jie)段都有管(guan)理和(he)控制的(de)重(zhong)點。

4.1 設(she)計階段的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價管理。設(she)計階段的(de)造(zao)價管理是(shi)控制總體造(zao)價的(de)基(ji)本環節，只有在設(she)計圖紙示交付(fu)實施之(zhi)前把好工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價管理關，才能總體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價控制打好基(ji)礎(chu)。園林綠化工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計之(zhi)前，設(she)計任務書中(zhong)附(fu)上詳細(xi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價控制要(yao)求是(shi)十分(fen)必要(yao)的(de)，推廣限額(e)設(she)計制度。建設(she)方(fang)(fang)明確了(le)園林綠化工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)投資(zi)總額(e)，同時工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價人員(yuan)參與前期工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計方(fang)(fang)案建立工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價模塊(kuai)并隨(sui)著方(fang)(fang)案的(de)變化及時調整。

4.2 工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)招(zhao)標及(ji)合(he)同管理(li)階段。招(zhao)投(tou)標、合(he)同管理(li)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價管理(li)的(de)一個環節(jie)。在合(he)同簽訂中(zhong)，重點關(guan)注合(he)同中(zhong)涉(she)及(ji)質(zhi)量、價格、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)條款。如調(diao)價幅度、調(diao)價方(fang)(fang)法和結算(suan)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)條款是否合(he)理(li)，質(zhi)量、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期要求是否確(que)，相(xiang)應的(de)獎罰條款是否到位，嚴(yan)把(ba)合(he)同關(guan)。針對(dui)園林綠化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)特點，還需明確(que)以(yi)下幾(ji)個方(fang)(fang)面：

4.2.1 施工標(biao)準要求及工程計(ji)價方法。例如，同樣的(de)(de)地面石材碎拼(pin)鋪貼(tie)，應明確(que)是自然碎拼(pin)還是機(ji)械碎拼(pin)、離縫的(de)(de)大小是多少(shao)等等，否(fou)則容易扯皮。

4.2.2 綠(lv)化養護(hu)期(qi)的求。綠(lv)化養護(hu)期(qi)一般(ban)分為三類(lei)：種(zhong)植后(hou)養護(hu)期(qi)、成活率養護(hu)期(qi)。提出養護(hu)要求并明確費用。

4.2.3 土(tu)方工程(cheng)(cheng)。土(tu)方工程(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)工程(cheng)(cheng)投費(fei)用和苗木后期生(sheng)長都有(you)較大(da)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，在施工前期明(ming)確(que)土(tu)方要(yao)(yao)求及計量方法是十分(fen)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。土(tu)方工程(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)普通(tong)回填土(tu)、種植土(tu)，二(er)者是有(you)區別的(de)(de)。

4.2.4 苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)的(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)。苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)是地域性較(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)體產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，同(tong)名不同(tong)質、同(tong)質不同(tong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)差別較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)時(shi)間不同(tong)，苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)采購地區差異，其(qi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)是隨市(shi)場變化起伏的(de)。招投(tou)標時(shi)，常規(gui)(gui)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)可以通(tong)過對苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)的(de)品(pin)(pin)選(xuan)種、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)等詳細(xi)描(miao)述來確(que)定(ding)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)。大(da)喬(qiao)木(mu)(mu)等特(te)殊(shu)品(pin)(pin)種，這個方(fang)法不行了，風(feng)險較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。因為特(te)殊(shu)品(pin)(pin)種的(de)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)往往有造型等要求(qiu)，規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)好(hao)建設方(fang)與施工(gong)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)起到苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)產(chan)地實地選(xuan)購，確(que)定(ding)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)，施工(gong)方(fang)收取一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)起掘、運輸、種植等費用，減(jian)少價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)風(feng)險。

4.3 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段的(de)(de)造價(jia)(jia)管理。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段的(de)(de)造價(jia)(jia)管理重點是設(she)(she)計變(bian)更(geng)、現(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)的(de)(de)管理以及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)動態管理。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)人(ren)員(yuan)一起參與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)(xian)場管理，力(li)求工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)控制在投(tou)(tou)資總(zong)(zong)額(e)范圍內(nei)(nei)。在設(she)(she)計變(bian)更(geng)、現(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)方(fang)面，盡量做到(dao)早發現(xian)(xian)、早變(bian)更(geng)，做好(hao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)的(de)(de)會審，減少施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)變(bian)更(geng)、返工(gong)(gong)(gong)浪費。園林綠化工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，設(she)(she)計師(shi)關注的(de)(de)是景(jing)觀效果(guo)，設(she)(she)計變(bian)更(geng)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)較(jiao)多(duo)，變(bian)更(geng)費用較(jiao)大(da)(da)。這里的(de)(de)苗(miao)木(mu)不夠(gou)茂密需(xu)要(yao)增加(jia)苗(miao)木(mu)種植數量，那里的(de)(de)景(jing)觀缺少亮(liang)點需(xu)要(yao)增加(jia)小品等(deng)等(deng)。常常會把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)拋到(dao)腦后。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段需(xu)加(jia)強造價(jia)(jia)管理力(li)量，步步緊盯，及(ji)(ji)時反映，及(ji)(ji)時調整(zheng)動態成本(ben)。嚴格設(she)(she)計變(bian)更(geng)、現(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)。設(she)(she)計變(bian)更(geng)需(xu)征得(de)設(she)(she)計師(shi)、建(jian)設(she)(she)方(fang)、監理方(fang)的(de)(de)確(que)認；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場簽(qian)證(zheng)要(yao)嚴肅(su)認真(zhen)，簽(qian)證(zheng)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)必須與(yu)實(shi)際相吻(wen)合。變(bian)更(geng)造價(jia)(jia)及(ji)(ji)時反映到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)動態成本(ben)中(zhong)，若突(tu)破了(le)投(tou)(tou)資總(zong)(zong)額(e)，需(xu)要(yao)上(shang)報決策(ce)層追(zhui)加(jia)投(tou)(tou)資，若不允許(xu)追(zhui)加(jia)投(tou)(tou)資，則要(yao)重新(xin)調整(zheng)方(fang)案、重新(xin)成本(ben)測算(suan)后再進行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)性上(shang)杜絕結(jie)算(suan)大(da)(da)超過預算(suan)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象出現(xian)(xian)。

4.4 竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)結算階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)價(jia)管理。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)管理的(de)(de)(de)最后一關，也是(shi)建設(she)方與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方最關注的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算審核中,除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)要有專(zhuan)業(ye)機(ji)構和專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)員外,還要制定相關的(de)(de)(de)制度與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序,確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量,避(bi)免不(bu)正之風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)。由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)人(ren)員參與(yu)了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)前(qian)期、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)價(jia)管理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，對圖紙、設(she)計(ji)變更、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術、招投(tou)標文件、合同條款、簽證(zheng)等計(ji)價(jia)依據(ju)了(le)(le)(le)如指掌，具備了(le)(le)(le)結算工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)條件。在園(yuan)林綠(lv)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結算審核中，還需要關注以(yi)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)：

4.4.1 對(dui)隱蔽工(gong)程簽證內容的(de)復核(he)，需同時審核(he)施工(gong)驗(yan)收記錄和竣工(gong)圖中的(de)內容是(shi)否一致(zhi)，實(shi)際施工(gong)是(shi)否按圖施工(gong)。

4.4.2 因為造型需要，面層(ceng)裝(zhuang)修往(wang)往(wang)是不規(gui)則的(de)，故對面層(ceng)裝(zhuang)修項(xiang)目需實地(di)復核，是否與竣(jun)工圖中(zhong)的(de)內容(rong)一致。

4.4.3 對苗木(mu)數(shu)量、規格、品種需實地(di)復核，是否與(yu)竣工圖中的內容一致。

篇6

關鍵字(zi)：園藝(yi)工(gong)程施工(gong) 合同管理

Abstract: Along with our country urbanization advancement rapid development, the botanical garden engineering construction appears in the urbanized construction advancement status more and more importantly.The general engineering construction project has the investment huge, the involving construction many, each kind of relations complex as well as the construction cycle long and so on the characteristics.But each kind of relational determination mainly is carries on through the contract form, the contract management takes one of modern business management system important contents.Therefore, whether implements the effective management, the good contract pass, is presently melts the construction enterprise management and operation success or failure an important attribute.Below, unifies many year working practice, makes the simple elaboration in view of the gardening project turn-key contract management.

Key words: Gardening project turn-key contract management

中(zhong)圖(tu)分(fen)類號(hao)(hao)：TU723.1 文(wen)獻標識碼(ma)：A文(wen)章編(bian)號(hao)(hao)：

引言：

現在(zai)(zai)人們(men)(men)越來越清楚地(di)(di)認(ren)識到，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)現代工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)中有著(zhu)特殊的地(di)(di)位(wei)和(he)作(zuo)用。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)確定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的價格(成本)、工(gong)(gong)期(qi)和(he)質量(功能)等目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，規定著(zhu)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)雙方責權(quan)利關(guan)系，所(suo)以(yi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)必然是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的核(he)(he)心(xin)，已(yi)成為與(yu)進度管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、質量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、成本(投(tou)資)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、信(xin)息(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)等并列的一(yi)大(da)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)職能。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)貫(guan)穿于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)的全過程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)的各個方面(mian)，廣(guang)義地(di)(di)說，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)全部工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)都可以(yi)納(na)入合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的范圍。沒(mei)有合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，則項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)難(nan)以(yi)形(xing)成系統(tong)，難(nan)以(yi)有高效率，不可能實(shi)現項目(mu)(mu)的目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)的合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)整個運行周期(qi)內的合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)核(he)(he)心(xin)，在(zai)(zai)如何加強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)的合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的基礎上(shang)，我們(men)(men)首先就要對合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)全面(mian)的理(li)(li)(li)(li)解與(yu)認(ren)知(zhi)。

園林工程施工合同

1.1園林(lin)工程施工合同(tong)的(de)概念以及作用

1.1.1園林工程施(shi)工合同的概念(nian)

園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同是(shi)指發(fa)包人(ren)和承包人(ren)之間(jian)為了完成(cheng)商(shang)定(ding)的園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目，確定(ding)雙(shuang)方權利以(yi)及(ji)義務的協(xie)議。依據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同，承包方完成(cheng)一定(ding)的種植、建筑和安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)任(ren)務，發(fa)包人(ren)應提(ti)供必要的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件以(yi)及(ji)支付(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價款。

1.1.2園林工程施工合同的作(zuo)用

園(yuan)林工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同不(bu)僅是園(yuan)林工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的主(zhu)要(yao)合(he)同，更是園(yuan)林工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)質量控制(zhi)、進度控制(zhi)和投資(zi)控制(zhi)的主(zhu)要(yao)依據。在現行市場條(tiao)件下(xia)，建設(she)市場主(zhu)體之間相互的權利義務關(guan)系主(zhu)要(yao)是通過(guo)市場而(er)確立的。因此，加強對園(yuan)林工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同的管(guan)理有著十分重要(yao)的意義。

1.2園林工程施工合(he)同(tong)的特(te)點

園林(lin)工程施(shi)工合同(tong)不同(tong)于其他合同(tong)，具有以(yi)下獨特特點：

1.2.1園林工程(cheng)施工合同內容(rong)的多樣性

園林工程施(shi)工合同(tong)(tong)除了應(ying)(ying)具備(bei)(bei)合同(tong)(tong)的一般(ban)內容外，還應(ying)(ying)對安全施(shi)工、不可抗力、工程設計變更、材料(liao)設備(bei)(bei)的運輸(shu)(shu)、供應(ying)(ying)、等(deng)內容作出(chu)了相應(ying)(ying)規(gui)定。在施(shi)工合同(tong)(tong)的履行過程中涉及到的關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)十分復雜(za)(za)，除施(shi)工企(qi)業與(yu)(yu)發(fa)包人(ren)之間(jian)(jian)的的合同(tong)(tong)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)外，還涉及到與(yu)(yu)保險(xian)公司(si)的保險(xian)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、與(yu)(yu)勞(lao)務人(ren)員之間(jian)(jian)的勞(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、與(yu)(yu)材料(liao)設備(bei)(bei)供應(ying)(ying)商的買賣關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)以及與(yu)(yu)運輸(shu)(shu)企(qi)業的運輸(shu)(shu)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)等(deng)。所有這些，都決定了施(shi)工合同(tong)(tong)的內容具有多樣性(xing)(xing)和復雜(za)(za)性(xing)(xing)的特點(dian)。

1.2.2園林工程合同(tong)履行期(qi)限的長期(qi)性

在(zai)園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設中植(zhi)物、建筑物的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，由于(yu)材料類型多(duo)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量大，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期都較(jiao)長。首(shou)先，由于(yu)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，還可能因為不可抗力、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)變更、材料供應不及時(shi)等(deng)原因而導致工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期順延；其次，由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位應當(dang)在(zai)合同(tong)簽(qian)訂后才開(kai)始，并(bing)且需(xu)加上合同(tong)簽(qian)訂后到正式開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前的一(yi)個較(jiao)長的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備時(shi)間(jian)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)全部竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收后，辦理竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結算及保修期的時(shi)間(jian)，特別是對植(zhi)物產品的管護工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)要(yao)更長的時(shi)間(jian)。因此，綜合上述這(zhe)些情況(kuang)，這(zhe)就決定了施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)的履行(xing)期限(xian)具有長期性。

1.2.3園林工(gong)程(cheng)合同監督的(de)嚴(yan)格(ge)性

由于園(yuan)林(lin)工程施工合(he)同(tong)的(de)履行(xing)對(dui)人(ren)民的(de)工作、生活和生存環境等都有重大影響，因此，國家對(dui)園(yuan)林(lin)工程施工合(he)同(tong)的(de)監督是十(shi)分嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)。具體表現在以下三(san)個方面：對(dui)合(he)同(tong)主體監督的(de)嚴格(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)、對(dui)合(he)同(tong)履行(xing)監督的(de)嚴格(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)、對(dui)合(he)同(tong)訂立監督的(de)嚴格(ge)(ge)性(xing)(xing)。

二、園林(lin)工程施工階(jie)段合同管(guan)理(li)

2.1簽(qian)訂園林工程(cheng)施工合(he)同應具備的條件

在簽訂(ding)園林工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)合同時，首先(xian)滿足的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件就是初步設計已(yi)經(jing)批準，工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)已(yi)經(jing)列入年度(du)建(jian)(jian)設計劃；其次，有(you)能夠滿足工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)設計文(wen)件以及相關的(de)(de)(de)技術資(zi)料(liao)；最后，建(jian)(jian)設資(zi)金已(yi)經(jing)落實(shi)，招標工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)標通知書已(yi)經(jing)下達。

2.2園(yuan)林工(gong)程施工(gong)合同(tong)管(guan)理的目的及任務

2.2.1園林(lin)工程施工合同管(guan)理的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)

園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)管(guan)理,首先有利(li)于(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)完(wan)善社會(hui)(hui)主義園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程市場(chang)經濟。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟體制改革的(de)(de)目(mu)標是建立(li)社會(hui)(hui)主義市場(chang)經濟，以利(li)于(yu)(yu)進一步解放和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生產力，增強經濟實力，參與國(guo)際市場(chang)經濟活動。因此，加(jia)強對園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)合同(tong)的(de)(de)法律調(diao)整和(he)管(guan)理，認(ren)真做好園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作；其(qi)(qi)次，加(jia)強園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)管(guan)理，對于(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程業(ye)，努(nu)力提(ti)高其(qi)(qi)在國(guo)際工(gong)(gong)(gong)程市場(chang)中的(de)(de)份(fen)額，十分有利(li)于(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)揮我(wo)(wo)國(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)技術(shu)優勢和(he)人力資源優勢，推動國(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)迅速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，加(jia)快了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)管(guan)理與國(guo)際園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)慣例接軌的(de)(de)步伐(fa)。

2.2.2園林(lin)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)合同管理(li)的任務

園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)、進度控(kong)制(zhi)以及(ji)造價控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)重要(yao)依據。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是(shi)園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)科學(xue)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)重要(yao)組成部分(fen)。它(ta)貫(guan)穿于園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)市場(chang)交易活動(dong)的(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，是(shi)對園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設項(xiang)目有關(guan)的(de)各類合(he)同，從條件的(de)擬(ni)定、協商(shang)、簽署(shu)、履行情況(kuang)的(de)檢查和(he)分(fen)析等環節進行的(de)科學(xue)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，以期通過(guo)合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)實現園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目“三大控(kong)制(zhi)”（質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)、進度控(kong)制(zhi)、投資控(kong)制(zhi)）的(de)任務(wu)要(yao)求(qiu)，維護(hu)當事人雙方的(de)合(he)法權益。

2.3園林工(gong)程施工(gong)過程合(he)同管理的具(ju)體措施

2.3.1合同(tong)實施管理

在合同(tong)簽(qian)訂之(zhi)前，首先要設置(zhi)獨立(li)的合同(tong)管理(li)(li)職(zhi)能部門(men),科學界定(ding)以及協調(diao)(diao)合同(tong)管理(li)(li)職(zhi)能部門(men)與其它職(zhi)能部門(men)的權責、工作流程(cheng)的配合要求等相關問(wen)題,及時根(gen)據合同(tong)管理(li)(li)工作的實際運行情況(kuang),調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)組(zu)織機(ji)構設置(zhi)與解決權責劃分的缺陷,處(chu)理(li)(li)和協調(diao)(diao)存在的爭議和摩(mo)擦,進一步優化(hua)合同(tong)管理(li)(li)工作程(cheng)序。

工程(cheng)合(he)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)經簽訂后(hou),這就確定了合(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)款(kuan)(kuan)和(he)結算(suan)方式,因此(ci)，影(ying)響工程(cheng)造價(jia)的主(zhu)要(yao)因素便是工程(cheng)設計變更或簽證(zheng)和(he)工程(cheng)實(shi)施過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的不確定因素等。因此(ci)，在施工過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)深入理(li)解合(he)同(tong)(tong)的每一(yi)個條款(kuan)(kuan),切實(shi)加強日(ri)常(chang)管理(li),使管理(li)行為正規(gui)化、規(gui)范化。另外(wai)，要(yao)作好(hao)處理(li)合(he)同(tong)(tong)糾紛的各種準備,特別(bie)是索(suo)賠與(yu)反索(suo)賠的研究在工程(cheng)造價(jia)控(kong)制管理(li)中(zhong)是非常(chang)必要(yao),也(ye)是非常(chang)重要(yao)的。

2.3.2根(gen)據合(he)同分(fen)析(xi)結果，實施有(you)效的(de)合(he)同監(jian)督(du)

在(zai)施(shi)工階段(duan)，首(shou)先要(yao)對(dui)現場中各(ge)工程小組(zu)(zu)、項目小組(zu)(zu)以(yi)及分包單位(wei)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督(du)，并(bing)(bing)給它們以(yi)合(he)同方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)，如落實計劃、協調他們之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，對(dui)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題進行(xing)合(he)同方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)釋；其次(ci)，對(dui)建設單位(wei)及監理(li)單位(wei)依據合(he)同進行(xing)監督(du)、協調與他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，例如督(du)促他們完成合(he)同職責，檢查(cha)對(dui)方(fang)合(he)同責任情況(kuang)，合(he)同糾紛等(deng)；再次(ci)，要(yao)及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據合(he)同進行(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)檢查(cha)驗收，并(bing)(bing)提出(chu)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)報告；最后，對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)來(lai)往(wang)信(xin)件、簽(qian)字(zi)指令、請示、會議紀(ji)要(yao)以(yi)及合(he)同變更文件等(deng)做合(he)同方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)審查(cha)與控制，并(bing)(bing)記錄在(zai)案，并(bing)(bing)要(yao)經常性地解(jie)釋合(he)同，對(dui)工程中出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)問(wen)題進行(xing)合(he)同擴(kuo)展(zhan)分析(xi)。

2.3.3要依據施工合同對材料和設(she)備(bei)的質量控制

在園林工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，為(wei)了確保工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)施工(gong)質量(liang)，滿足施工(gong)合同要求(qiu)，首先應從使(shi)用的(de)材料和設備的(de)質量(liang)控制人手(shou)。

對(dui)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人供(gong)應的(de)材料設備(bei)(bei)(bei)。發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人應按照專(zhuan)用(yong)條(tiao)款的(de)材料設備(bei)(bei)(bei)供(gong)應一(yi)覽表，按時、質、量將(jiang)采購的(de)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)材料運抵施工現場，發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人在其所供(gong)應的(de)材料設備(bei)(bei)(bei)到貨前24小時，應以書面形式通知承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人，由承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人派人與(yu)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人共同清點。

對承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人采(cai)購的(de)材料(liao)設備(bei)。首(shou)先，承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人采(cai)購的(de)材料(liao)設備(bei)與(yu)設計標(biao)準要(yao)求(qiu)不同時，承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人應在發包(bao)(bao)(bao)方要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)時間內運出施工現場，重新采(cai)購符合要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)產(chan)品；其次，承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)人負責采(cai)購的(de)材料(liao)設備(bei)，應按照(zhao)合同專(zhuan)用條款(kuan)約定及設計要(yao)求(qiu)和有關標(biao)準采(cai)購，并提(ti)品合格證明，對材料(liao)設備(bei)質量(liang)負責。

2.3.4要(yao)依據施(shi)工(gong)合同(tong)對施(shi)工(gong)質量進行(xing)管理(li)

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量應達(da)到合(he)同(tong)約(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準，這(zhe)是園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量合(he)同(tong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最基本要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。因(yin)此，在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中要(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)強檢查，對(dui)不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合(he)質(zhi)量標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)應及(ji)(ji)時返工(gong)(gong)(gong)。承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應認真按照標準、規范(fan)以及(ji)(ji)設計要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、發(fa)包(bao)(bao)方(fang)依(yi)據合(he)同(tong)發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)指令施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，并(bing)接受(shou)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)方(fang)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)委(wei)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查檢驗。比如對(dui)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而言(yan)，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)正(zheng)常施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)加(jia)合(he)同(tong)價款(kuan)由(you)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)并(bing)相應順(shun)延(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)；包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)指令失誤和(he)其(qi)(qi)他非(fei)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)原因(yin)發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)加(jia)合(he)同(tong)價款(kuan)，由(you)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)；發(fa)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)部分或者全(quan)部工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量有特(te)殊要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，應支付由(you)此增加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)加(jia)合(he)同(tong)價款(kuan)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)有影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應給(gei)予相應順(shun)延(yan)(yan)。對(dui)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而言(yan)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量達(da)不(bu)(bu)到約(yue)定標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分，發(fa)包(bao)(bao)方(fang)一經發(fa)現，可要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)拆(chai)除和(he)重新施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應按發(fa)包(bao)(bao)方(fang)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)委(wei)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)拆(chai)除和(he)重新施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)由(you)于(yu)自身原因(yin)導致拆(chai)除和(he)重新施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)予順(shun)延(yan)(yan)；檢查檢驗不(bu)(bu)合(he)格時，影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)正(zheng)常施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)由(you)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)，并(bing)相應順(shun)延(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)。

2.3.5要依(yi)據施工合同對設計變更進行管理(li)

在施工(gong)(gong)過程中，合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)變(bian)更(geng)的(de)發生具有隨機性。施工(gong)(gong)中發包人(ren)(ren)需對(dui)原工(gong)(gong)程設計進(jin)行(xing)變(bian)更(geng)，應提(ti)前(qian)14天以書面形式(shi)向(xiang)承包人(ren)(ren)發出(chu)變(bian)更(geng)通知。在合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)變(bian)更(geng)時(shi)，當(dang)(dang)事人(ren)(ren)應當(dang)(dang)通過協商，對(dui)原合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)部分內(nei)容條(tiao)款作出(chu)修改、補充或增(zeng)加新的(de)條(tiao)款。例如，對(dui)原合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)中規(gui)定(ding)的(de)標底數量、質量、履行(xing)期(qi)限、地點和方(fang)式(shi)、違約責任(ren)、解決(jue)爭(zheng)議(yi)的(de)辦(ban)法等作出(chu)變(bian)更(geng)。因此(ci)(ci)，當(dang)(dang)事人(ren)(ren)對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)內(nei)容變(bian)更(geng)取得一致意見時(shi)方(fang)為有效。合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)法、行(xing)政法規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)變(bian)更(geng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)應當(dang)(dang)辦(ban)理批準、登(deng)記(ji)等手續，必須(xu)依據其規(gui)定(ding)辦(ban)理。因此(ci)(ci)，當(dang)(dang)事人(ren)(ren)要變(bian)更(geng)有關合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)時(shi)，必須(xu)按照(zhao)規(gui)定(ding)辦(ban)理批準、登(deng)記(ji)手續，否則(ze)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)之變(bian)更(geng)不發生效力。

2.3.5要依據(ju)施工(gong)合同對(dui)施工(gong)進度進行(xing)管(guan)理

施(shi)(shi)工階段(duan)的(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)管(guan)理，就(jiu)是確(que)保施(shi)(shi)工任務在規定的(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)工期(qi)內(nei)完成(cheng)，施(shi)(shi)工工作按進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)劃執行。然而在實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)工過程(cheng)中，由于受(shou)到人為條件、外界環境條件或(huo)者現(xian)場情況(kuang)等(deng)的(de)限制(zhi)，經(jing)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)這樣或(huo)那(nei)樣的(de)情況(kuang)，結(jie)果(guo)導致實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)工進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)與(yu)計(ji)劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)不符。此(ci)時的(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)管(guan)理就(jiu)顯得特(te)別重要，對(dui)工期(qi)延誤(wu)與(yu)暫停施(shi)(shi)工的(de)有(you)關(guan)責任應準確(que)把握，并做好修改進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)劃和后(hou)續施(shi)(shi)工的(de)協調管(guan)理工作。

首(shou)先，對(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)延誤(wu)。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)，由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)環境以及自然條(tiao)件、人(ren)為情(qing)況或者管理(li)水平等因素的(de)影(ying)響，工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)延誤(wu)的(de)情(qing)況會(hui)(hui)(hui)經常(chang)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，這樣就很可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)導(dao)致不(bu)能(neng)(neng)按時(shi)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，這時(shi)承包(bao)人(ren)應依據合同(tong)責任來(lai)判定是否應要求合理(li)的(de)延長(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)。其次，對(dui)于(yu)暫停(ting)(ting)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)情(qing)況。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)，有些(xie)情(qing)況會(hui)(hui)(hui)導(dao)致暫停(ting)(ting)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。如(ru)(ru)果，停(ting)(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)責任在發(fa)(fa)包(bao)人(ren)，則由(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)包(bao)人(ren)承擔所發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)追加合同(tong)價款，賠償承包(bao)人(ren)由(you)(you)(you)此造成的(de)損失，并相(xiang)應順延工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)；如(ru)(ru)果停(ting)(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)責任在承包(bao)人(ren)，則由(you)(you)(you)承包(bao)人(ren)承擔發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)費用(yong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)不(bu)予順延。最后，對(dui)于(yu)提(ti)前竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。提(ti)前竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，雙方應進行充分的(de)協商，并達成一致。對(dui)簽訂(ding)的(de)提(ti)前竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協議，應作為合同(tong)文件的(de)組(zu)成部分。

2.3.6其(qi)他措(cuo)施

首(shou)先(xian)，及時做好(hao)合(he)同(tong)跟蹤。要(yao)：1.對合(he)同(tong)文(wen)件以及各(ge)種工程(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)件資料進行分(fen)(fen)析(xi)整理，或者通過(guo)對施(shi)工現場的(de)直接了解得到(dao)反應(ying)工程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)狀況的(de)信息2.分(fen)(fen)析(xi)工程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施(shi)狀況與合(he)同(tong)、合(he)同(tong)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)文(wen)件等的(de)差異以及差異程(cheng)(cheng)度。比如未完成合(he)同(tong)責任、工期拖延以及成本超支、質(zhi)量不合(he)要(yao)求等；3.分(fen)(fen)析(xi)工程(cheng)(cheng)中存在(zai)的(de)問題，評價合(he)同(tong)履行情(qing)況，提出分(fen)(fen)析(xi)報告(gao)。

其次(ci)，建立(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)實施(shi)的(de)(de)保證體系。要：1.建立(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)管理體系，配備(bei)高素質的(de)(de)人(ren)才，加強法制宣傳教育力(li)度和(he)培養(yang)全(quan)面(mian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)管理理念(nian)；2.大(da)力(li)貫徹全(quan)面(mian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)管理觀念(nian)，組織項目(mu)小(xiao)組成員和(he)各工程小(xiao)組負責人(ren)學習合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)文(wen)件以及分(fen)(fen)析合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)文(wen)件，并對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)主要內容做出解(jie)(jie)釋、說明，使大(da)家對(dui)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)概況(kuang)、主要精神以及合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)總目(mu)標有(you)較為(wei)深(shen)刻(ke)的(de)(de)理解(jie)(jie)，樹立(li)(li)全(quan)局觀念(nian)，避免施(shi)工中的(de)(de)違法行(xing)為(wei)；3.將合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)事件責任分(fen)(fen)解(jie)(jie)落實到人(ren)，并做出問題的(de)(de)說明完(wan)不成責任的(de)(de)影響和(he)法律(lv)后(hou)果。

結語：

當然，在施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)同(tong)時還要(yao)注意(yi)到施工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，做(zuo)到文明施工(gong)。施工(gong)環(huan)境(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)應做(zuo)到遵守法(fa)規對環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)要(yao)求，保持現場的(de)(de)整潔，重(zhong)視施工(gong)安全。總(zong)之,施工(gong)合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)項目管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)核心,工(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)各(ge)方面工(gong)作都要(yao)圍繞著這個核心來開(kai)展。由于(yu)施工(gong)項目的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一個動態的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng),在管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)不僅要(yao)講求方式、方法(fa),更要(yao)講求管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)技巧。因此,要(yao)在高度重(zhong)視施工(gong)項目的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，深刻了解(jie)其重(zhong)要(yao)地位的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),在實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)探索并(bing)歸納(na)施工(gong)項目合(he)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)技巧,尋找新方法(fa),促使參建(jian)各(ge)方自(zi)覺履行合(he)同(tong)約(yue)定的(de)(de)條款(kuan),從而降低市(shi)場風險,切(qie)實(shi)維護各(ge)方的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)利益(yi),確保工(gong)程(cheng)項目順利進行。

參考文獻：

[1]李(li)啟明.土木工(gong)程(cheng)合同管理 [M].南京:東南大學出版(ban)社, 2002．

[2]孫(sun)洋.劉漢云.淺(qian)談(tan)工(gong)程施工(gong)合同管理.時(shi)代經貿(mao).2011.7.

[3] 成虎，虞華.工程合同管理.中國建筑工業出(chu)版社.2011.5.

[4] 王(wang)亞(ya)平.工(gong)程索(suo)賠管理(li).中(zhong)國(guo)鐵道出版社(she).1999.1-92.

[5] 董(dong)三孝.韓東鋒.園林工(gong)程建設招標與合同管(guan)理. 化學工(gong)業出版(ban)社(she).2007.1.

篇7

1市(shi)政工程管理中存在的問題(ti)

針對當(dang)前我國現階段的市政工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目施工(gong)(gong)現狀來(lai)看，其(qi)存在的問題(ti)和缺(que)陷還是比較突出的，具體分析來(lai)說，其(qi)主要的管理不足體現在以下幾個方面。

1．1質量管理存在問題

對于(yu)市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理過程(cheng)來說(shuo)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理可以(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)最為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個方面，也是(shi)市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)實(shi)現其(qi)(qi)自身價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵所(suo)在，但(dan)是(shi)對于(yu)這種質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀來看，當前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現狀并不(bu)(bu)理想(xiang)，各種質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題頻(pin)頻(pin)出現，嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhu)市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)水平。而(er)對于(yu)這種質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理問題進行細致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析可以(yi)發現，其(qi)(qi)中存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)因素也是(shi)多方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動性(xing)較大(da)，自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力不(bu)(bu)足;施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材料質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現;施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械(xie)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)出現問題;甚至(zhi)是(shi)外界環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些不(bu)(bu)良影(ying)響(xiang)都(dou)會導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)其(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)，而(er)這些方面影(ying)響(xiang)因素之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)會導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)市政(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現，主要就(jiu)是(shi)因為相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)實(shi)效果不(bu)(bu)佳(jia)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

1．2安全管理存在問題

在市政工(gong)程項目的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)程中，還應該(gai)重(zhong)點(dian)針對安全(quan)問題進行(xing)嚴格的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理和控制，其重(zhong)要性(xing)和必要性(xing)不言而喻，但是(shi)(shi)就當前的(de)(de)安全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理現狀(zhuang)來看，其中存在的(de)(de)問題還是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)(jiao)突出的(de)(de)，這也就導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)在市政工(gong)程項目的(de)(de)施工(gong)過(guo)程中會出現各(ge)種安全(quan)事故，造(zao)成較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)人員傷亡，其影(ying)響是(shi)(shi)極為惡劣的(de)(de)，必須要引(yin)起足夠的(de)(de)重(zhong)視，而這也正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)因為安全(quan)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作不到位造(zao)成的(de)(de)。

1．3管理制度不健全

管(guan)理(li)(li)制度方(fang)面的(de)(de)問題也是(shi)當前(qian)市政工(gong)程項(xiang)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)中面臨的(de)(de)一個重要問題，這種制度方(fang)面的(de)(de)缺陷(xian)必(bi)然就(jiu)會給相應的(de)(de)具(ju)體管(guan)理(li)(li)造成一定(ding)的(de)(de)負擔(dan)，導致很多(duo)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作都無(wu)法(fa)有效的(de)(de)落實到(dao)位，尤其(qi)是(shi)對于相應的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)責(ze)任(ren)制度來說，在當前(qian)的(de)(de)市政工(gong)程項(xiang)目中存在著較(jiao)為明顯(xian)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)混亂、責(ze)任(ren)不(bu)清問題，這也是(shi)當前(qian)制度中存在的(de)(de)最(zui)大問題。責(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)不(bu)明確就(jiu)會導致其(qi)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)實效性受(shou)限，進而(er)影響(xiang)市政工(gong)程項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)水(shui)平。

1．4管理人員水(shui)平不高

市政工(gong)程項(xiang)目管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)效(xiao)果還和(he)相(xiang)應的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)存在著密不(bu)可分的(de)關(guan)系，具(ju)體(ti)來說(shuo)就是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)素質和(he)能力不(bu)足，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作的(de)落實效(xiao)果不(bu)佳，進而就會導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)相(xiang)應的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水平受限(xian)，尤其(qi)是(shi)從一些管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)細節的(de)處理(li)上，這種管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)影(ying)響是(shi)比較明顯(xian)的(de)，很多管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)問題的(de)出現都是(shi)因為管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)處置不(bu)當導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)。

1．5缺乏相應的監督(du)機制

對于市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)來說，監(jian)督工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)必(bi)不(bu)可少的(de)(de)，相應(ying)的(de)(de)監(jian)督確(que)實能夠提升其(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)水平(ping)，對于管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中存在的(de)(de)缺(que)陷進行相應(ying)的(de)(de)彌補(bu)，但是(shi)(shi)如(ru)果監(jian)督機制缺(que)失(shi)的(de)(de)話(hua)，必(bi)然也(ye)會導致其(qi)(qi)相應(ying)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)出現問題，影響其(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水平(ping)，這(zhe)一點在當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目的(de)(de)實施中是(shi)(shi)比較常見(jian)的(de)(de)，很多(duo)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目都(dou)不(bu)存在專業的(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)單位，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)隨著當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)監(jian)理(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)混亂，很多(duo)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目中的(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)單位都(dou)不(bu)具備(bei)相應(ying)的(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)(li)資質，進而便會影響其(qi)(qi)最終的(de)(de)監(jian)督效果，無法發揮其(qi)(qi)應(ying)有的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

2加強(qiang)市政(zheng)工(gong)程管理的措施

2．1完(wan)善市政工程管理制(zhi)度

對于市政工(gong)程項(xiang)目管理制度的(de)完(wan)善(shan)是提升(sheng)其管理水平的(de)一個重(zhong)要前提條件，也(ye)是比(bi)較關(guan)鍵的(de)一個措施，具體到市政工(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)實施過程中來說，完(wan)善(shan)相應(ying)的(de)管理制度應(ying)該(gai)把握好(hao)以下(xia)幾點:

(1)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理責(ze)任(ren)制度(du)的(de)(de)完善是最為(wei)關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)一環，也(ye)是當(dang)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)理制度(du)完善的(de)(de)一個(ge)核心要點所在，對于這種市政工程項(xiang)目責(ze)任(ren)制度(du)的(de)(de)完善來說，最為(wei)核心的(de)(de)一個(ge)目標和任(ren)務就是應該努力促(cu)使每一個(ge)相應的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理人員都(dou)能夠知(zhi)道自(zi)身的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理任(ren)務是什么，管(guan)(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)主要內容有哪(na)些，然后才(cai)能夠提升(sheng)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)效果;

(2)為了更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率和水(shui)平，還應(ying)該針對相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵制(zhi)度(du)進行相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)，這種激(ji)勵制(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)必(bi)然就能夠在較(jiao)大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上提(ti)升相應(ying)管理(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)積極性，進而從管理(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)落實效(xiao)果(guo)角度(du)來(lai)提(ti)升其管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平;

(3)對于市政(zheng)工程管理(li)制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)還應(ying)該盡可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)追求細節的(de)(de)(de)把握(wo)，從細節入手，切實保障每一個管理(li)任務(wu)都具(ju)備相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)制度(du)約束，避(bi)免(mian)管理(li)制度(du)存在(zai)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)遺漏。

2．2切實提升管理人(ren)員的水平

管(guan)理(li)人員能力和水(shui)平的提升也是加強市政工(gong)程(cheng)項目管(guan)理(li)的一(yi)個(ge)重要舉措(cuo)，對于這一(yi)點來說，其具體的可行(xing)性措(cuo)施有以下(xia)幾點:

(1)必須要(yao)(yao)促(cu)(cu)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員自身道德素養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升，也就是說針(zhen)對具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員進(jin)(jin)行相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教育(yu)，促(cu)(cu)使其(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠明(ming)確自身管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)價值，并且(qie)能(neng)(neng)夠為此努力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，促(cu)(cu)使這些(xie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)目標和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)任(ren)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)達成，尤(you)其(qi)是要(yao)(yao)確保管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員能(neng)(neng)夠意(yi)識到(dao)事無巨細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，針(zhen)對任(ren)何一個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細節進(jin)(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制，保障(zhang)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實效性;

(2)相應管理(li)能力(li)的(de)提升(sheng)也是加強市(shi)政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)項目管理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)應有之義，這也是管理(li)人員應該(gai)具(ju)備的(de)一個重要基本能力(li)，比(bi)如對(dui)于(yu)各類管理(li)技(ji)術手段的(de)應用就應該(gai)熟練掌握(wo)，學會合理(li)的(de)應用這些技(ji)術來提升(sheng)其管理(li)的(de)水平和效果;

(3)對于(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)水(shui)平的(de)(de)提(ti)升來(lai)說，還(huan)要以具體(ti)的(de)(de)市政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)為(wei)基準，即在充分了解(jie)市政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)內容的(de)(de)基礎上才能夠落實好(hao)相應的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作，因(yin)此，提(ti)升管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)水(shui)平也就應該(gai)提(ti)升其對于(yu)市政(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)了解(jie)和掌握(wo)，保障(zhang)其管(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作落實的(de)(de)有(you)效性。

2．3完(wan)善(shan)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)監督體系切實加強對(dui)(dui)于市(shi)(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程項目管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)監督也是提(ti)升其(qi)管(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)一個重要舉措，而(er)這(zhe)種(zhong)監督水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升最為(wei)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)就是應(ying)(ying)該(gai)落實到相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)監理(li)(li)單位身上，即完(wan)善(shan)和(he)(he)規(gui)范當前的(de)(de)(de)監理(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，針對(dui)(dui)監理(li)(li)單位進行(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)審查，確保其(qi)自身的(de)(de)(de)監理(li)(li)資質(zhi)滿足(zu)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程項目監理(li)(li)要求(qiu)，并且還應(ying)(ying)該(gai)針對(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)政工(gong)(gong)程項目中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)于監理(li)(li)單位的(de)(de)(de)選取進行(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)把關，保障其(qi)監理(li)(li)單位選擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)恰當性，能(neng)夠促使其(qi)發揮(hui)應(ying)(ying)有的(de)(de)(de)價值和(he)(he)作(zuo)用，避免僅僅作(zuo)為(wei)形象存在。

3結束語

篇8

1我校(xiao)高職園林工程(cheng)技術專業的人才培養目標(biao)

根據2008年中央1號(hao)文件和《國(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)(guan)于大力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)決定》(國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)［2005］35號(hao))、教(jiao)(jiao)育部《關(guan)(guan)于實施(shi)國(guo)家(jia)示范性(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等職業(ye)院(yuan)校建設(she)(she)計劃，加快高(gao)(gao)(gao)等職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育改(gai)革與發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)意(yi)見》(教(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)［2006］14號(hao))、《關(guan)(guan)于全(quan)面提高(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)質量的(de)若干意(yi)見》(教(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)［2006］16號(hao))，以及學(xue)院(yuan)“十一五”發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃、學(xue)院(yuan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)示范性(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)職專業(ye)建設(she)(she)的(de)要求(qiu)，我校高(gao)(gao)(gao)職園(yuan)林(lin)工程技術(shu)專業(ye)的(de)人才(cai)培養目標(biao)是:培養德、智、體、美、勞全(quan)面發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，適應社會經濟發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，具備從事(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)工程規(gui)劃設(she)(she)計、園(yuan)林(lin)工程施(shi)工、園(yuan)林(lin)工程項目管(guan)理、園(yuan)林(lin)植物生產(chan)經營管(guan)理的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)技能應用(yong)型、創新(xin)型技術(shu)人才(cai)。

2我校高職園林工(gong)程(cheng)技術專業實踐教學體系建設

通過對國(guo)內農林(lin)高(gao)職(zhi)院校園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術專業(園(yuan)林(lin)類(lei))人才培(pei)養模式(shi)的(de)(de)調查和研究(jiu)，分析和比較2005、2006、2007、2009級園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術專業畢業生(sheng)培(pei)養方案，充分聽取園(yuan)林(lin)行業專家意見及建議，及近幾屆優秀畢業生(sheng)就業和用人單位的(de)(de)信息反饋，確(que)立了“三(san)結合、三(san)循環、雙指(zhi)導”人才培(pei)養模式(shi)，構(gou)建了具有我校特色的(de)(de)園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術專業實踐教學體系。

2.1實踐教學內容

2.1.1實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)項(xiang)目(mu)在緊緊圍(wei)繞人才培(pei)養目(mu)標，制(zhi)定(ding)課(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)內容時(shi)，每門課(ke)程(cheng)配備(bei)了一定(ding)數量的實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)項(xiang)目(mu)，以保證在學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)掌握全面的理(li)論知識的同時(shi)，培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生具有較強的實(shi)(shi)(shi)際操作能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。根(gen)據培(pei)養目(mu)標的異(yi)同，實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)項(xiang)目(mu)分(fen)為:單(dan)一課(ke)程(cheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)項(xiang)目(mu)(試驗、實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗、參觀考察(cha)、技能(neng)(neng)(neng)訓(xun)練項(xiang)目(mu)、課(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)等)、綜(zong)合實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模(mo)塊(kuai)、生產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(崗(gang)位見習(xi))、職(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)訓(xun)練及(ji)鑒(jian)定(ding)、畢業(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(頂崗(gang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi))、畢業(ye)設計(ji)及(ji)答辯等。

2.1.2實踐教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)形式手段實踐教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)不(bu)同于一般的(de)理(li)論教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)，主要采用形象教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)、感性教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)、現場教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)、案例教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)、互動(dong)式教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)、參與式教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)、項目(mu)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)等教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)形式，既提(ti)高了(le)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)效果，又培養了(le)學(xue)(xue)生的(de)實踐動(dong)手能力。

2.2實踐教學基礎建設

2.2.1實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)建(jian)設實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)建(jian)設是開展實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)重要條件(jian)。經(jing)過(guo)近3a的(de)(de)建(jian)設，學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)已經(jing)建(jian)成了園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)繪圖實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、計算(suan)機輔助設計機房、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目管理實(shi)(shi)(shi)訓室(shi)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價(預算(suan))實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物標本室(shi)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物病蟲害實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)筑材料實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)盆景制(zhi)(zhi)作實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)藝術插(cha)花實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)等(deng)，購置了包括聯想(xiang)電腦、數(shu)碼相機、投影儀(yi)等(deng)大型儀(yi)器設備(bei)，制(zhi)(zhi)定了一些實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)管理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，為園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)專業實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學(xue)(xue)和(he)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐技能的(de)(de)提高發揮重要的(de)(de)作用。

2.2.2實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)師(shi)資建設(she)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗操作(zuo)水(shui)(shui)平是(shi)(shi)保證(zheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)順(shun)利進行的(de)重要條件(jian)。充(chong)分發揮教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)在教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)中(zhong)的(de)創造性，組建相(xiang)應的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)團隊(dui)，群策群力，共同制定完(wan)成實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)任務。實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)師(shi)資建設(she)主要通(tong)過以下(xia)途徑來(lai)解決(jue):一是(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)自我學(xue)習(xi)和提高，增強實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)水(shui)(shui)平;二是(shi)(shi)引進和外聘具有豐富實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)經(jing)驗的(de)高級(ji)工(gong)程技術專家充(chong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)隊(dui)伍(wu);三是(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行校企合作(zuo)，聯合培(pei)養(yang)教(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)學(xue)生，既完(wan)成學(xue)生的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)又(you)培(pei)養(yang)了師(shi)資。

2.2.3實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)基地建(jian)設(she)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)基地是指具(ju)有一定規模且相對穩定的(de)供學(xue)生參加(jia)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)活動的(de)場所。建(jian)立(li)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)基地，可(ke)以(yi)豐富學(xue)生實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)內容，提高學(xue)生實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)能力，促進產學(xue)研結合，是加(jia)強學(xue)校和社(she)會的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)，充分利用社(she)會資源辦(ban)學(xue)的(de)重要(yao)途徑。為了滿足園林(lin)(lin)園林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程技術專業(ye)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)的(de)需要(yao)，本專業(ye)建(jian)立(li)相對固定的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)基地。

(1)加強(qiang)校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)學基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建設(she)，努(nu)力培養(yang)和(he)提高學生實(shi)(shi)踐技能(neng)。一(yi)些項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)基(ji)(ji)本操作訓(xun)練等必須在校(xiao)內(nei)完成，為滿足這些要求，加強(qiang)校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)學基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建設(she)就顯(xian)得尤為緊(jin)迫。這些年來，在上級主管部門的(de)大力支持和(he)全體教(jiao)職工(gong)的(de)積(ji)極努(nu)力下，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程技術專(zhuan)業校(xiao)內(nei)實(shi)(shi)踐教(jiao)學基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)建設(she)取得了明顯(xian)的(de)成效(xiao)，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植物繁殖栽(zai)培管理實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程測量(liang)實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程施工(gong)實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)規劃設(she)計(ji)仿真實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)等重(zhong)點實(shi)(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)繼建成，為培養(yang)和(he)提高學生的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐能(neng)力作出了積(ji)極貢獻。

(2)充(chong)分發(fa)揮校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)優(you)勢，訓練(lian)學(xue)(xue)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)力。校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)充(chong)分利用(yong)社會力量和資源(yuan)，豐(feng)富(fu)學(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)內容(rong)而與(yu)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)企業事(shi)業單(dan)位聯(lian)合建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。利用(yong)這些企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進生產(chan)手段、技術裝備和經營管理方式，建立校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)，可(ke)以極大地(di)(di)(di)豐(feng)富(fu)學(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)，是(shi)促進產(chan)學(xue)(xue)研結(jie)合，加強學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和社會聯(lian)系，利用(yong)社會力量和資源(yuan)聯(lian)合辦學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要舉措。因此，實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與(yu)企業聯(lian)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)紐(niu)帶，是(shi)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)窗口，是(shi)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)課堂，是(shi)培養學(xue)(xue)生實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)陣地(di)(di)(di)。在近幾年的(de)(de)(de)(de)科研、教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)過程(cheng)中，我們在建好(hao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)內現有基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，積極廣開門路，建立校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)實(shi)(shi)習基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。目前建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外(wai)(wai)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)有:成都市園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)科學(xue)(xue)研究所(suo)、溫江川西卉森發(fa)展有限(xian)公(gong)司、成都花都先鋒園(yuan)(yuan)藝有限(xian)公(gong)司、四(si)川綠(lv)野園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)有限(xian)公(gong)司、成都綠(lv)茵景園(yuan)(yuan)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)司、都江堰市五建(集團)有限(xian)責任公(gong)司等(deng)十幾個實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。

3我校高職園林工程(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)專業(ye)實踐教學體(ti)系的(de)實踐與成效

3.1圍(wei)繞人才培養模式和目(mu)標調整教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)計(ji)劃，充實(shi)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)內容(rong)，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)時根據(ju)園(yuan)林工程技術專業實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的特點，自2002年(nian)以來，通(tong)過不斷總結提高，邀請企業單位，行業專家(jia)參與共同修訂(ding)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)計(ji)劃，共同制定教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)內容(rong)，對實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)的內容(rong)進行及時更新、補充，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)時。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)計(ji)劃進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善，實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)效果進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)提高。

3.2強(qiang)化(hua)單一(yi)(yi)課程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學項(xiang)目單一(yi)(yi)課程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學項(xiang)目(試驗、實(shi)驗、參觀考(kao)察、技能訓練項(xiang)目、課程(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)學實(shi)習等)是實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學體(ti)系中的重要(yao)組(zu)成部分，也是構成專業技能的基本單元。只有強(qiang)化(hua)單一(yi)(yi)課程(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學項(xiang)目，才能為綜合實(shi)訓項(xiang)目的完成打下堅實(shi)的基礎。

3.3開(kai)發建立綜(zong)合實(shi)踐(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模塊(kuai)(kuai)綜(zong)合實(shi)踐(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模塊(kuai)(kuai)，是(shi)依據人才(cai)培養目(mu)標(biao)，獨立開(kai)發的實(shi)踐(jian)教學項目(mu)，主(zhu)要是(shi)指:園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物生產經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模塊(kuai)(kuai)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工程(cheng)項目(mu)規劃與設計的能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模塊(kuai)(kuai)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工程(cheng)項目(mu)技術施工能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模塊(kuai)(kuai)、園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)工程(cheng)項目(mu)施工管(guan)理能(neng)(neng)(neng)力模塊(kuai)(kuai)。每一個模塊(kuai)(kuai)都是(shi)一個大(da)(da)型的綜(zong)合實(shi)踐(jian)教學項目(mu)，通過該項目(mu)的訓練(lian)，可以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高學生的專業(ye)技能(neng)(neng)(neng)，提高就業(ye)的競爭(zheng)力，拓寬就業(ye)途徑。實(shi)踐(jian)證明:近幾(ji)年學生都是(shi)因為具(ju)備了一種或幾(ji)種核心能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，在(zai)就業(ye)中立于不敗(bai)之(zhi)地，受到用(yong)人單(dan)位的好評(ping)。

3.4生(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)見(jian)習(xi)(xi))生(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)的(de)目的(de)，就是(shi)把(ba)課堂上學(xue)(xue)(xue)過的(de)知識(shi)和技能(neng)綜合(he)起來(lai)，應(ying)用于生(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)，在生(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中驗證、鞏(gong)固、深化、拓展所學(xue)(xue)(xue)知識(shi)，提高技能(neng)，為畢業(ye)后從(cong)事基(ji)層專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技術工(gong)作(zuo)奠定基(ji)礎(chu)。同時也通(tong)過參加(jia)(jia)社會實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)活(huo)動(dong)，接觸(chu)社會，接觸(chu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)(shi)(shi)際，加(jia)(jia)深學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)社會的(de)了解，增強學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)意(yi)識(shi)、勞動(dong)意(yi)識(shi)和職(zhi)業(ye)意(yi)識(shi)，將來(lai)更好地為社會服務。為使學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)中切實(shi)(shi)(shi)得到鍛(duan)煉，要求學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)領(ling)導的(de)直接領(ling)導和指導教(jiao)師(shi)的(de)具體指導下(xia)，認真學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)，刻苦鉆研(yan)，扎(zha)扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)地工(gong)作(zuo)，運用所學(xue)(xue)(xue)知識(shi)和技能(neng)解決生(sheng)(sheng)產中遇到的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際問(wen)題，保(bao)質保(bao)量完(wan)成實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)任務。從(cong)2002級開始，暑(shu)假的(de)7～8月(yue)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)教(jiao)師(shi)的(de)帶(dai)領(ling)下(xia)，分別進(jin)入實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)開始生(sheng)(sheng)產實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)在實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)期間完(wan)成實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)日志、實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)鑒(jian)定、實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)報告，實(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)成績由企業(ye)指導教(jiao)師(shi)和專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)教(jiao)師(shi)共同評定。

3.5職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)訓(xun)(xun)練及鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)按照(zhao)國家規定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)標(biao)準或(huo)任職(zhi)資格條(tiao)件(jian)，通(tong)(tong)過政府勞動行政部(bu)門(men)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)核鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機構，對從(cong)業者的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)水平或(huo)職(zhi)業資格進行客觀公正、科(ke)學規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)評價與(yu)認(ren)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動，主要(yao)包括技(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)級(ji)考(kao)核和(he)資格考(kao)評。職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)職(zhi)業資格認(ren)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎和(he)主要(yao)形(xing)式(shi)，是(shi)(shi)我國推行職(zhi)業資格證書制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)舉措，也是(shi)(shi)高(gao)校畢業生(sheng)(sheng)、待業與(yu)下崗(gang)人員就(jiu)業或(huo)再就(jiu)業實施準入制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容，同時也是(shi)(shi)相關公司、企業資質(zhi)申請(qing)與(yu)晉升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)條(tiao)件(jian)。本(ben)專(zhuan)業從(cong)2002級(ji)學生(sheng)(sheng)起，在畢業前期都要(yao)通(tong)(tong)過中高(gao)級(ji)園林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)考(kao)試，畢業生(sheng)(sheng)持證率達98%以(yi)上(shang)。通(tong)(tong)過職(zhi)業技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)訓(xun)(xun)練及鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，增(zeng)強了學生(sheng)(sheng)實踐操(cao)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)，同時提(ti)高(gao)了專(zhuan)業就(jiu)業率。

3.6畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(頂崗實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi))畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)等職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教育的(de)(de)重(zhong)要環節，是(shi)(shi)培養學生分析問(wen)(wen)題(ti)、解決問(wen)(wen)題(ti)和自主創新能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)重(zhong)要途徑(jing)，也是(shi)(shi)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培養目標、保證人才(cai)質量的(de)(de)必(bi)需(xu)手段。同時畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)既是(shi)(shi)培養學生綜合運用所(suo)學理論(lun)知識分析解決問(wen)(wen)題(ti)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)方法(fa)，也是(shi)(shi)對學生學習(xi)(xi)(xi)成果進(jin)行(xing)綜合全(quan)面檢(jian)(jian)驗的(de)(de)必(bi)要途徑(jing)。畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據本專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際情(qing)況，在(zai)原來(lai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學環節的(de)(de)基礎上增加的(de)(de)一項實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學環節，是(shi)(shi)本專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教學計劃(hua)中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部分，是(shi)(shi)學生在(zai)學完教學計劃(hua)規定的(de)(de)全(quan)部課程后所(suo)必(bi)須進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)綜合性實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐教學環節。從近幾年的(de)(de)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生的(de)(de)畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)情(qing)況來(lai)看，畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)提高(gao)(gao)人才(cai)培養質量，檢(jian)(jian)驗專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)教學效(xiao)果方面具有(you)重(zhong)要作用和意義。

3.7畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(論(lun)(lun)文)及答(da)辯等畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃中(zhong)最后一個重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)、綜(zong)合性的(de)實踐(jian)性教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)環節，是對學(xue)生進(jin)行(xing)學(xue)業(ye)(ye)成績(ji)考(kao)核的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)依據之一。畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)任務是培養(yang)學(xue)生綜(zong)合運(yun)用所學(xue)的(de)基(ji)礎理論(lun)(lun)、基(ji)本(ben)知識和基(ji)本(ben)技能(neng)來分析、解決(jue)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)能(neng)力。畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)論(lun)(lun)文(設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji))選(xuan)題(ti)(ti)由本(ben)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)團隊(dui)組織討論(lun)(lun)，從培養(yang)目標出發，結合當前(qian)經(jing)濟(ji)和社(she)會發展的(de)實際情況，盡可(ke)能(neng)選(xuan)用有一定理論(lun)(lun)價值(zhi)和實際應(ying)用價值(zhi)、符(fu)合教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)基(ji)本(ben)要(yao)求的(de)課題(ti)(ti)，按(an)照畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和答(da)辯計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃，專(zhuan)人指導，集體答(da)辯。優(you)秀畢(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)(ye)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(論(lun)(lun)文)比例逐(zhu)年提(ti)高。

篇9

關鍵詞(ci)：園(yuan)林工程；項目(mu)管理(li)；探討

Abstract: This paper discusses how the project management point of view the use of reasonable methods of management, standardized techniques and clarity of the construction process to achieve the goals set garden project construction.

Keywords: garden project; project management; Discussion

中圖分類號：TL372+.3文章(zhang)標識碼：A

近(jin)年來，隨(sui)著(zhu)城(cheng)市建(jian)設(she)的(de)迅(xun)速發展，人們對(dui)保護環境、改善環境的(de)覺(jue)悟逐漸提(ti)高，園林綠(lv)化工程建(jian)設(she)越來越受到重(zhong)視，各大城(cheng)市都在爭創園林城(cheng)市，而園林施工管理起(qi)到一個至關重(zhong)要的(de)作用。因此，對(dui)園林綠(lv)化工程施工管理進行深入的(de)分析與探討(tao)就顯得更加重(zhong)要和(he)關鍵。

1、園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)程項(xiang)目管理的(de)重要(yao)性

園林工(gong)程項目(mu)管理(li)(li)是通過(guo)科(ke)學的管理(li)(li)辦法和手段(duan)使工(gong)程的實施在質量、安全、文(wen)明施工(gong)以及進度等方面最(zui)佳控制(zhi)，以確保工(gong)程順利完成(cheng)。在實際施工(gong)中，根據設(she)計圖(tu)紙、合同要求以及相關(guan)文(wen)件結(jie)合工(gong)程的現(xian)場的實際情(qing)況，以先進、科(ke)學、有效的組織手段(duan)和施工(gong)方法，把人力、物力、財力、技術等諸多(duo)因素(su)進行合理(li)(li)搭配，使施工(gong)項目(mu)管理(li)(li)的目(mu)標(biao)最(zui)終得(de)以完美(mei)體(ti)現(xian)。

隨著(zhu)人們日益增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)需求的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長以及時下流行的(de)(de)(de)環保、綠色(se)理(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)，園林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設部門只有充分的(de)(de)(de)遵循(xun)信息化(hua)時代的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展特(te)色(se)，利用豐富的(de)(de)(de)信息資源(yuan)，通過高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)，才能(neng)使園林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展持續、強(qiang)(qiang)勁。然而(er)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)我國(guo)園林(lin)施工(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)遍(bian)水(shui)平(ping)不高(gao)，主(zhu)要(yao)表現在各單位對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性認識(shi)不夠，對園林(lin)施工(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)教(jiao)育不夠，施工(gong)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)參差不齊等。對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)標實現造成(cheng)了(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)影響。所以，提高(gao)園林(lin)施工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平(ping)是當前(qian)需引(yin)起(qi)重(zhong)視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)一個環節(jie)。

2、園林施工管理在(zai)項目實施階段的應(ying)用

2.1施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場平面布置(zhi)(zhi)、場容場貌管理是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程順(shun)(shun)利開展的(de)前提(ti)條件(jian)。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)用地范圍內，將各(ge)項生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活設施(shi)(shi)及(ji)其他輔助設施(shi)(shi)進行規劃和布置(zhi)(zhi)，滿(man)足組(zu)織設計及(ji)維持(chi)社會(hui)交(jiao)通要求(qiu)。安排(pai)好(hao)給水、排(pai)水、供電管線(xian)等(deng)臨時位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。安排(pai)好(hao)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活臨時區域及(ji)倉庫、材料(liao)構(gou)件(jian)、機械設備堆放位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。設置(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)現場運輸(shu)通道(dao)、及(ji)安全(quan)消防臨時設施(shi)(shi)。場內道(dao)路(lu)要順(shun)(shun)暢，避免運輸(shu)中的(de)二次搬運。做好(hao)安全(quan)保衛、消防、環境保護(hu)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)作。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前的(de)準備工(gong)(gong)作為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)順(shun)(shun)利進行提(ti)供了(le)堅實的(de)保障。

2.2在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)準(zhun)備階段，項(xiang)目管理者(zhe)要結合設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙、甲方(fang)提供的(de)相關(guan)文件(jian)(jian)等(deng)到(dao)現場搜集信(xin)息(xi)資(zi)料(liao)，了解掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)施工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)各(ge)種情況等(deng)。一(yi)般主要搜集環境、水源、電源、土地(di)、交通(tong)、生(sheng)活、基礎設(she)施建設(she)、材料(liao)、人力資(zi)源、對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)利和不(bu)利條件(jian)(jian)等(deng)各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)數(shu)(shu)據資(zi)料(liao)，并及時與(yu)市政建設(she)等(deng)有(you)(you)關(guan)部門進行聯系、溝通(tong)與(yu)交流。只(zhi)有(you)(you)詳細了解和掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)這(zhe)些數(shu)(shu)據資(zi)料(liao)，認(ren)真做好各(ge)項(xiang)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作，研究、分(fen)(fen)析各(ge)種可能會影(ying)響到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)因(yin)素，利用有(you)(you)利條件(jian)(jian)，發(fa)揮當(dang)地(di)的(de)優(you)勢，通(tong)過(guo)分(fen)(fen)析、計(ji)(ji)算(suan)、比(bi)較，進行積極研究解決，才能避(bi)免在(zai)整個園林綠(lv)化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中出(chu)現的(de)管理誤(wu)區，避(bi)免出(chu)現影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)和耽誤(wu)工(gong)(gong)期的(de)現象。

2.3工(gong)(gong)欲善(shan)其事必先利器，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)實施(shi)前要(yao)給施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員做好(hao)技(ji)術交底，并進行(xing)足夠的(de)安全知識培訓(xun)(xun)和(he)重要(yao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序的(de)技(ji)術要(yao)求平培訓(xun)(xun)等(deng)，考試合格方能上崗。特殊工(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員需持證上崗。

2.4施工(gong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)是園林綠(lv)化(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)控制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)的最(zui)為(wei)關鍵的階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。這一階(jie)(jie)段(duan)主要就是做好土建和綠(lv)化(hua)種植(zhi)管(guan)理(li)。在(zai)上(shang)述(shu)準備(bei)工(gong)作的前提下，根據材料供應計劃，做好各方面施工(gong)和投(tou)入(ru)。

2.4.1成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管理(li)是項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心內容。其(qi)中(zhong)包括人工(gong)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制；材(cai)料費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制；支架腳(jiao)手(shou)架、模板等(deng)周轉(zhuan)設備使用(yong)(yong)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械使用(yong)(yong)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制；構件加工(gong)費和分(fen)(fen)包工(gong)程費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制等(deng)。通(tong)過(guo)系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)(fen)析、調節(jie)(jie)，最大(da)程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低工(gong)程成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，獲取(qu)最大(da)利(li)(li)潤。例(li)(li)如(ru)，在材(cai)料方(fang)面，充分(fen)(fen)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)當(dang)地優勢，尋找價廉物美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料，土(tu)(tu)(tu)建(jian)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)石料、回填土(tu)(tu)(tu)、建(jian)材(cai)，及綠化用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)，在附(fu)近基(ji)建(jian)工(gong)地需外運的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低價即可(ke)買(mai)入(ru)，或(huo)聯系(xi)就近料場買(mai)入(ru)，降(jiang)低了(le)購(gou)買(mai)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)和運輸成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。再例(li)(li)如(ru)，對材(cai)料緊缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠化種(zhong)植土(tu)(tu)(tu)，在鹽堿(jian)地域、大(da)城市等(deng)都(dou)是緊缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)作為園林綠化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞(huai)直(zhi)接(jie)影響苗木的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)活率和今后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長勢。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)處理(li)得(de)好(hao)(hao)與(yu)否(fou)，將(jiang)直(zhi)接(jie)關系(xi)到今后(hou)(hou)植物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長好(hao)(hao)與(yu)否(fou)。因此，要(yao)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)進行理(li)化分(fen)(fen)析與(yu)檢測(ce)，從酸堿(jian)度(du)、透(tou)水透(tou)氣性等(deng)方(fang)面認(ren)真(zhen)進行分(fen)(fen)析，并積極采(cai)取(qu)各種(zhong)有(you)效對策措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)來改(gai)良：在土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)條件差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，外購(gou)種(zhong)植土(tu)(tu)(tu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程，可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)增加泥炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草纖維(wei)、農(nong)家有(you)機(ji)肥等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸堿(jian)度(du)和肥力，通(tong)過(guo)在土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)在相(xiang)關部位(wei)添(tian)加碎石、砂(sha)礫、砂(sha)子可(ke)增加其(qi)透(tou)氣性等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，既(ji)做到合理(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)，也(ye)節(jie)(jie)約了(le)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。

2.4.2 要(yao)做好施工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)。進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)能保(bao)證施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)連續性(xing)和均(jun)衡性(xing)，保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)在合同規定的(de)期限內(nei)完成，通過進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)計(ji)劃(hua)，能較好的(de)控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)期，也便于對影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)突發(fa)事(shi)件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)靈活調整。科(ke)學的(de)統籌(chou)規劃(hua)與宏觀的(de)現場調度(du)(du)是園林(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程緊湊施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、高效(xiao)生產的(de)重要(yao)保(bao)證，因此施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理人員只有依據科(ke)學的(de)管理策略及(ji)園林(lin)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理要(yao)求充分規劃(hua)各環(huan)節的(de)合理施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，才能確保(bao)各工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)順暢(chang)與高效(xiao)。

2.4.3質量管理(li)是工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的重點。要嚴(yan)抓質量關，避(bi)免(mian)無謂的返工。做到從工序(xu)、分(fen)(fen)項(xiang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、分(fen)(fen)部工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)到單(dan)位工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控制(zhi)。實施(shi)班(ban)組自檢(jian)(jian)、質檢(jian)(jian)員檢(jian)(jian)查、質量工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專業檢(jian)(jian)查的“三檢(jian)(jian)制(zhi)”流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。明確施(shi)工項(xiang)目(mu)內、外部（監理(li)）驗收(shou)及(ji)隱(yin)蔽工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗收(shou)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)。對(dui)關鍵工序(xu)和特(te)殊工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、新材料、新技術、新工藝和實行分(fen)(fen)包(bao)的分(fen)(fen)項(xiang)分(fen)(fen)部工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經行加強(qiang)控制(zhi)。

2.4.4在技術(shu)方(fang)面(mian)，特別(bie)是綠(lv)化部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購和種植(zhi)，是園(yuan)林工程(cheng)綠(lv)化部(bu)(bu)分(fen)占(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比重較(jiao)大、技術(shu)風險較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)從采購到種植(zhi)，要(yao)經過選苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、運輸(shu)、種植(zhi)、養護幾個主要(yao)階(jie)(jie)段，并對(dui)(dui)于苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種、樹(shu)(shu)冠、形(xing)態、高度、根(gen)(gen)系、等(deng)必須嚴格(ge)進行把(ba)關。在選苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)階(jie)(jie)段，選擇符合設計標準(zhun)和要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、生長(chang)健壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)，并做到就(jiu)近原則(ze)，因當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)，更(geng)適應當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)環(huan)境，減(jian)少(shao)運輸(shu)途中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損傷、風干、運輸(shu)成(cheng)本，十分(fen)有利于成(cheng)活(huo)：在起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和運輸(shu)中，對(dui)(dui)大樹(shu)(shu)、難移植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)，除(chu)加(jia)大加(jia)厚土(tu)球(qiu)規格(ge)外(wai)，起(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)上車前(qian)，除(chu)常規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)球(qiu)包扎(zha)(zha)外(wai)，對(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)干進行草繩包扎(zha)(zha)、并澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)后(hou)外(wai)加(jia)薄膜(mo)保水(shui)(shui)，效果更(geng)佳(jia)，能更(geng)好地提(ti)高苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)成(cheng)活(huo)率；在種植(zhi)階(jie)(jie)段中，栽鐘前(qian)應對(dui)(dui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)樹(shu)(shu)冠、根(gen)(gen)系進行一(yi)定修剪整理，對(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草繩包扎(zha)(zha)進行重新整理和加(jia)強(qiang)，拆除(chu)帶(dai)土(tu)球(qiu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)根(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)易(yi)腐(fu)爛(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包裝物等(deng)，填土(tu)時要(yao)分(fen)層壓實(shi)，不(bu)留空(kong)隙(xi)，栽種后(hou)24h內(nei)必須澆(jiao)定根(gen)(gen)水(shui)(shui)，且一(yi)定要(yao)澆(jiao)透，使土(tu)球(qiu)與樹(shu)(shu)穴(xue)周邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)土(tu)充分(fen)粘實(shi)，這樣(yang)可提(ti)高種植(zhi)成(cheng)活(huo)率。

2.4.5 強化(hua)園林施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位、建設單(dan)位與(yu)其他各(ge)部門之間的(de)有效溝通、加強聯系(xi)(xi)是園林工(gong)(gong)程各(ge)項工(gong)(gong)序流(liu)程順利開展的(de)必要保證，只有積極的(de)聯系(xi)(xi)、溝通，才會(hui)盡早的(de)發現施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中的(de)安全(quan)隱(yin)患、不合理因素，從(cong)而在相(xiang)互信任(ren)、相(xiang)互支持的(de)前提下(xia)扭(niu)轉局勢(shi)、避免重復低(di)效，使后續的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)建設順利進行。

3、加強后(hou)期養護管理

園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后期的養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)程質量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)質量控制(zhi)(zhi)的保證(zheng)(zheng)。需要做到以下(xia)幾點：制(zhi)(zhi)定園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的技術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規范(fan)，使養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)科學化(hua)(hua)(hua)、規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)主管(guan)(guan)(guan)部門應制(zhi)(zhi)定統一的園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的技術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規范(fan)，使養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)目標(biao)(biao)(biao)明確。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)，應該嚴格遵循園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的技術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規范(fan)實(shi)施(shi)具(ju)體工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，制(zhi)(zhi)定出一套(tao)合理(li)(li)(li)(li)、高(gao)效、科學、全面(mian)的綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、科學化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)械化(hua)(hua)(hua)是提高(gao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的重(zhong)要保證(zheng)(zheng)。使用簡單方便、功(gong)能齊全的園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)機(ji)械，省時(shi)省力(li)，效率高(gao)。因此要大力(li)推廣使用園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)機(ji)械，實(shi)現(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)護機(ji)械化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。

     重視園林(lin)科學研究，加強(qiang)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)培(pei)訓，提高業務(wu)水平。盡量多(duo)組織各(ge)養護(hu)人員(yuan)的業務(wu)技(ji)能培(pei)訓，定期組織職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)進行培(pei)訓、學習，并與兄弟單位(wei)進行交流，取長補短，使職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)掌握更多(duo)的養護(hu)知識和(he)經驗，為(wei)更好(hao)地進行養護(hu)管理(li)工(gong)作打(da)下扎實的基礎。

參考文獻：

篇10

園林工程；項目(mu)管理；方法

【中圖分類號】TU986.3 文獻標識(shi)碼：B文章編號：1673-8500（2012）12-0004-01

1園林工程施(shi)工項目及其特點(dian)

園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是指園林施工(gong)(gong)企業對(dui)一個園林產品的施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)或成果(guo)，屬(shu)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分類中的一種。園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)管理(li)以(yi)園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)對(dui)象，以(yi)實現項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標為(wei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的，以(yi)構成園林施工(gong)(gong)管理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)素為(wei)條(tiao)件，以(yi)與(yu)此相適應的一整套(tao)施工(gong)(gong)組織制度和管理(li)制度為(wei)保障，對(dui)園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)全過程(cheng)系統地進行控制和管理(li)的方法體系。園林工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)具有多(duo)樣性、固定性、體積龐大(da)、生產周期(qi)長、養護時間較(jiao)長等特點。

2目前(qian)園林(lin)工程質量管理中存在的問題

2.1相關理(li)(li)論(lun)的認知和運用(yong)(yong)不夠。 質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)門科(ke)學(xue)主要研究(jiu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)論(lun)、程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、方法和技(ji)術(shu)；質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)種實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)活動，是在實(shi)(shi)際施工中運用(yong)(yong)這些(xie)理(li)(li)論(lun)、程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、方法和技(ji)術(shu)，使質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)活動更加符合客(ke)觀規律，從而提高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的水(shui)平和效率。

2.2管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)和管(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)構(gou)不專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)。 一些(xie)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)沒有相應的(de)資質(zhi)、知(zhi)識、技術和經(jing)驗。一些(xie)園林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)中，甲方(fang)建設單位及乙方(fang)承包(bao)(bao)公司都存在非(fei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)實施質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)現象。還(huan)有一些(xie)大型園林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)由非(fei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)政(zheng)府(fu)官員(yuan)(yuan)實施質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，完(wan)全(quan)忽(hu)視(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)是一門專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)。一些(xie)園林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)公司由非(fei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)構(gou)直(zhi)接運(yun)作質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)實施。如(ru)行政(zheng)機(ji)構(gou)、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承包(bao)(bao)后(hou)臨時組建的(de)領導(dao)小組等。這些(xie)非(fei)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)構(gou)沒有規(gui)范的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)程(cheng)(cheng)序、方(fang)法和技術，缺乏配套的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)(yuan)，必然會違反質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)客(ke)觀規(gui)律(lv)，導(dao)致質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)實施的(de)無序性，降低工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

2.3缺(que)乏完(wan)善(shan)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)。 園林(lin)建(jian)設工程(cheng)是(shi)一(yi)個系(xi)統工程(cheng)，沒(mei)有完(wan)善(shan)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)，就(jiu)(jiu)很難科學、有效地(di)進行質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)。目前我(wo)國多數(shu)園林(lin)公司尚(shang)未建(jian)立(li)完(wan)善(shan)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)，尤(you)其是(shi)對施工過程(cheng)進行全(quan)面(mian)控制的(de)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)。許多園林(lin)工程(cheng)施工中的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)都存在隨機、隨意的(de)現象(xiang)。隨機即沒(mei)有計劃，遇到什(shen)么(me)問題就(jiu)(jiu)解決(jue)什(shen)么(me)問題；隨意就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)決(jue)策(ce)不(bu)遵(zun)守(shou)規律和程(cheng)序，雜亂無章。引起這(zhe)些現象(xiang)最主要的(de)原(yuan)因就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)沒(mei)有建(jian)立(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)或質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)不(bu)完(wan)善(shan)。

2.4監(jian)督質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理實施(shi)的法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)不(bu)(bu)健全(quan)(quan)。 為(wei)了(le)促進(jin)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理的發(fa)展(zhan)，國家(jia)有關部(bu)門頒布了(le)一(yi)系(xi)列質(zhi)量標準(zhun)和行業規(gui)(gui)范。但是由于園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)司(si)及工(gong)程(cheng)建設單位對質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理的重要性認識不(bu)(bu)足，園(yuan)林(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)中普遍存(cun)在(zai)“有法(fa)不(bu)(bu)依”的現象，阻礙了(le)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理的正常進(jin)行和進(jin)一(yi)步發(fa)展(zhan)。

3加強園(yuan)林綠(lv)化工(gong)程質量管理的對(dui)策

3.1做好施工前的準備工作(zuo)

3.1.1工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)。 應詳細了解工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)計方案，以便(bian)掌握其設(she)計意圖(tu)，并到現(xian)場進(jin)行(xing)確認考察，為編制施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計提供各項依據。據設(she)計圖(tu)紙(zhi)對現(xian)場進(jin)行(xing)核(he)對，并依此(ci)編制出施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)織設(she)計，包(bao)括施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部署、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)計劃(hua)等(deng)。認真(zhen)做(zuo)好(hao)場地(di)平整、定點放線、給排(pai)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)前(qian)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。同時，做(zuo)好(hao)物(wu)質(zhi)和勞動組(zu)織準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)。園林(lin)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)物(wu)資(zi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作內容包(bao)括土建材料(liao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)、綠化材料(liao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)、構（配）件和制品加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)、園林(lin)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機具準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)等(deng)。此(ci)外(wai)，勞動組(zu)織包(bao)括管理人員，有實際經驗的(de)專業人員以及各種有熟練技術的(de)技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人。

3.1.2施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)。 園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)既然包括(kuo)了多個單項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)往往涉及(ji)(ji)到各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)協調(diao)和配合，因此(ci)，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)要做到統一領導，各(ge)部(bu)門、各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目要協調(diao)一致(zhi)，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)能夠順利進(jin)(jin)行，這(zhe)也就是常說的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)。根(gen)據(ju)園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實際特點，園(yuan)林工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)應(ying)包含以(yi)下幾方(fang)面的(de)(de)內容：①在取得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項(xiang)(xiang)目后，應(ying)按照(zhao)設(she)(she)計(ji)要求做好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)預算(suan)，為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做好施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)場地、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍等方(fang)面的(de)(de)準備。②根(gen)據(ju)對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期的(de)(de)要求，組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)材料(liao)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)入施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場，計(ji)劃好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度，保證能連續(xu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)機構及(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)機構需明確工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分幾個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)完成(cheng)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)所屬關系及(ji)(ji)負(fu)責人，注意不要忽略養護組(zu)(zu)。人員(yuan)安(an)排要根(gen)據(ju)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)度計(ji)劃，按時間順序安(an)排。

3.2加(jia)強施工(gong)工(gong)序的(de)質量管理

3.2.1定點(dian)放線的(de)處理。 一般要求(qiu)位置準確，標(biao)記(ji)明(ming)顯，種(zhong)植(zhi)穴標(biao)明(ming)中心點(dian)位置，種(zhong)植(zhi)槽標(biao)明(ming)邊線，但(dan)特(te)殊情況又(you)需(xu)靈活(huo)處理，如分車(che)帶中栽植(zhi)喬木，遇路燈(deng)燈(deng)柱時(shi)(shi)，因有(you)與燈(deng)柱保持2 m距(ju)(ju)離的(de)規范(fan)要求(qiu)，放線時(shi)(shi)就須靈活(huo)處理，適當調(diao)整株間距(ju)(ju)離。另(ling)外(wai)還有(you)行道(dao)樹的(de)定點(dian)，由于道(dao)路兩側地下管線、消防(fang)栓、商(shang)店等因素(su)，時(shi)(shi)常要適當作些調(diao)整。

3.2.2種(zhong)植(zhi)穴(xue)、槽的(de)挖(wa)(wa)掘。 種(zhong)植(zhi)穴(xue)、槽的(de)挖(wa)(wa)掘視苗木根(gen)系、土(tu)(tu)球直徑、土(tu)(tu)壤情況(kuang)來要求，尤其是土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較差的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)穴(xue)一定(ding)要挖(wa)(wa)深些，然(ran)后(hou)進(jin)行施基肥和客土(tu)(tu)，以創造有利于植(zhi)物生長的(de)小(xiao)環(huan)境。

3.2.3把好苗木質量(liang)關

（1）對苗(miao)木的(de)品種(zhong)、株形、冠(guan)幅、高度、干徑、土球大小、根系(xi)發育情況等嚴格把關(guan)，選(xuan)擇符合設計要(yao)求、生長健壯、無機(ji)械損傷、無病蟲害的(de)優良苗(miao)木。

（2）觀葉植物(wu)，葉色應鮮(xian)艷(yan)，葉簇豐滿。

（3）鋪栽草坪用(yong)的(de)草塊及(ji)草卷應(ying)規格一致，邊緣平(ping)直(zhi)，雜草不得超過5 %。草塊土(tu)層(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)度宜為3 cm～5 cm，草卷土(tu)層(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)度宜為1 cm～3 cm。

（4）播種(zhong)用的草坪(ping)、草花、地被(bei)植物種(zhong)子均應注明品種(zhong)、品系、產地、生(sheng)產單位、重量(liang)、采收年份、純凈度及發芽率(lv)，不(bu)得有病蟲害。自外地引進種(zhong)子應有檢疫合(he)格證，發芽率(lv)達(da)90 %以(yi)上方可(ke)使用。

3.2.4苗木(mu)栽植(zhi)。 苗木(mu)栽植(zhi)前應(ying)對(dui)苗木(mu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)、樹冠進(jin)行修剪，拆(chai)除(chu)帶(dai)土(tu)(tu)球(qiu)苗木(mu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)的(de)不易(yi)腐爛的(de)包(bao)裝物；土(tu)(tu)球(qiu)的(de)喬木(mu)栽植(zhi)時，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)穴底部(bu)(bu)要(yao)踏平，裸根(gen)(gen)(gen)的(de)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)穴底部(bu)(bu)要(yao)將土(tu)(tu)填成(cheng)錐形(xing)；填土(tu)(tu)時要(yao)分層壓(ya)實，最好用(yong)鋤把(ba)搗實，不留空隙；注意觀賞(shang)面(mian)的(de)朝(chao)向。種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)帶(dai)土(tu)(tu)球(qiu)樹木(mu)時，不易(yi)腐爛的(de)包(bao)裝物必須拆(chai)除(chu)。澆(jiao)定(ding)根(gen)(gen)(gen)水(shui)苗木(mu)栽植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)24 h內必須澆(jiao)定(ding)根(gen)(gen)(gen)水(shui)，且要(yao)澆(jiao)透(tou)。以后(hou)(hou)應(ying)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據當地情況及時補水(shui)，北方地區種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)水(shui)不少于(yu)3遍。黏(nian)性土(tu)(tu)壤，宜適量(liang)澆(jiao)水(shui)；根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)不發達樹種(zhong)(zhong)，澆(jiao)水(shui)量(liang)宜較多；肉(rou)質根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)樹種(zhong)(zhong)，澆(jiao)水(shui)量(liang)宜少。固定(ding)支撐5 cm以上的(de)喬木(mu)應(ying)設支柱固定(ding)，固定(ding)物應(ying)整齊美觀。

3.3工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。 加強園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)是園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)與控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)保證。園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)不(bu)到位，將(jiang)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)效果，影響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)。因(yin)此，必須加強園林(lin)(lin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)。一(yi)是硬質景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)成品(pin)保護(hu)(hu)。因(yin)園林(lin)(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)成后(hou)(hou)大(da)多實行(xing)開放(fang)式管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，人流量(liang)大(da)，人為(wei)破壞(huai)(huai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)，因(yin)此對成品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)尤為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。在竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)，應成立專門的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)構，建(jian)(jian)立一(yi)整(zheng)套規章制(zhi)(zhi)度，由(you)專人管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，對于出現損壞(huai)(huai)及(ji)時維修。二是綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)苗木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)苗木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)養護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)是保持(chi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)效果、保障園林(lin)(lin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整(zheng)體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)舉措。

3.4完(wan)(wan)善(shan)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收資(zi)料(liao)的(de)整理(li)(li)。 完(wan)(wan)善(shan)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收資(zi)料(liao)的(de)整理(li)(li)是(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理(li)(li)與控(kong)制不可缺少(shao)的(de)部分。竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收是(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)的(de)最后環節，也是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)合(he)同(tong)，提高質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水平的(de)最后一(yi)道關口，通過(guo)(guo)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收，全面綜(zong)合(he)考察工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，保(bao)證(zheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目符合(he)設計標準、規范等(deng)規定的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標準要(yao)求(qiu)，因此，竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收必須(xu)有完(wan)(wan)整的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術資(zi)料(liao)和經簽(qian)署的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)修(xiu)書(shu)。通過(guo)(guo)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收資(zi)料(liao)檔案(an)整理(li)(li)，既能總結園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和養護過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，又能為(wei)建設單位(wei)提供完(wan)(wan)整的(de)變更(geng)、竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)料(liao)，提供后期使(shi)用、維修(xiu)的(de)根(gen)據。

4結語

園林施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)管理(li)是全方位的(de)(de)，要求項目(mu)(mu)經(jing)營者對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)質量、安(an)全、進(jin)度(du)、成(cheng)本、文明(ming)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)等進(jin)行控制，這樣才(cai)能使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)各項工(gong)(gong)作有(you)條不紊、順利地進(jin)行。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)功管理(li)不僅(jin)對(dui)項目(mu)(mu)、對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)有(you)良(liang)好經(jing)濟效益，對(dui)國家也(ye)會產生良(liang)好的(de)(de)社會效益。成(cheng)功的(de)(de)管理(li)，能促進(jin)項目(mu)(mu)和企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)發展，能推動建筑市(shi)場(chang)不斷(duan)前進(jin)。

參考文獻

[1]王 峰.綜(zong)述(shu)園(yuan)林綠(lv)化工程的現場施工管理(li)[J].現代經(jing)濟信息， 2009（09）