導語：如何才能寫好一篇(pian)水電(dian)安裝規范(fan)，這就需要搜集整(zheng)理(li)(li)更(geng)多的資料(liao)和文獻，歡迎(ying)閱(yue)讀由公務員之家(jia)整(zheng)理(li)(li)的十篇(pian)范(fan)文，供你借鑒(jian)。

篇1

關鍵詞：建筑；水電安裝工程；質量監督；解決(jue)措施

建筑(zhu)(zhu)水電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程質量作為建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程質量的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)成(cheng)部分，無論是(shi)(shi)對人們的(de)(de)生活，還是(shi)(shi)對于建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程本身都有著(zhu)重(zhong)要影(ying)響。盡管國家(jia)和(he)地方(fang)相關部門對建筑(zhu)(zhu)水電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程質量相繼推出了(le)一些(xie)規定和(he)監(jian)督措施(shi)。但是(shi)(shi)，建筑(zhu)(zhu)水電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程中仍然存(cun)在著(zhu)很(hen)(hen)多問題(ti)，直接(jie)影(ying)響了(le)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)使用，給(gei)人們帶(dai)來很(hen)(hen)多不便與麻煩。如何(he)解決這些(xie)問題(ti)，如何(he)加強建筑(zhu)(zhu)水電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程質量的(de)(de)監(jian)督迫在眉(mei)睫。

一、建筑水電安裝(zhuang)工程所存在的主要問(wen)題

1、建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)首先是(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接地防(fang)(fang)雷問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)(fang)雷作為建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)重中(zhong)之重，不(bu)僅對(dui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)發揮重要作用，而(er)且還是(shi)保衛居(ju)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)人身財(cai)產安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屏障(zhang)。但是(shi)，在建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)防(fang)(fang)雷的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中(zhong)，經常出現避雷帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上出現非鍍鋅圓鋼、避雷帶焊縫質量(liang)不(bu)合(he)格等(deng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，甚至一些(xie)(xie)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物上沒(mei)有安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)雷裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，這些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)直接影響(xiang)到建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用年限。其次(ci)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敷(fu)設問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)。一直以來(lai)，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)線敷(fu)設都是(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題(ti)(ti)。在施(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)，經常出現絕緣導管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接套管(guan)管(guan)徑不(bu)合(he)適、管(guan)口尺寸不(bu)足、管(guan)路(lu)容易(yi)堵塞(sai)等(deng)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，這些(xie)(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)要是(shi)不(bu)能正(zheng)確處理(li)，小則(ze)(ze)會影響(xiang)居(ju)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常生活，大則(ze)(ze)可能造成安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)。最后是(shi)開關插(cha)座、照明(ming)器具的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)當安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。如果開關不(bu)能正(zheng)確安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，則(ze)(ze)不(bu)能完成相線切斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能；如果插(cha)座處在錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接位(wei)置(zhi)，則(ze)(ze)存(cun)在串聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)隱(yin)患(huan)。

2、建筑水電安裝工程的管道安裝質量問題。管道安裝不合理所產生的排水問題在建筑水電安裝中時有發生。管道問題主要包括排水管的質量問題、排水管接口不嚴、閥門類型不正確等。部分建筑單位為了偷工減料，使用劣質排水管道。這些管道本身就存在壁厚不夠、外壁粗糙、承接口不規范等問題，使用這種管(guan)(guan)道帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果可想而知(zhi)。此外，一些(xie)建筑(zhu)水電(dian)安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)人員并(bing)不具有從業資格。在建筑(zhu)水電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)中，使用與實(shi)際型號、規(gui)格及(ji)密封性不符合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門、開關，對正常阻力(li)(li)、壓力(li)(li)調(diao)節及(ji)開關等功能造成(cheng)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。閥門開關是水管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，其在給排水安裝(zhuang)中發揮著舉足輕重的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位。

二、影響(xiang)建筑水電安裝工程質量(liang)的(de)因(yin)素

1、對水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程的輕視。影響(xiang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程質(zhi)量的一(yi)個重要原因(yin)是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)企業對水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程不(bu)(bu)夠重視，施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)對建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程質(zhi)量的認識不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，施(shi)工(gong)技術水(shui)平(ping)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。此外，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的施(shi)工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)臨時培訓(xun)上崗，尚未經(jing)過專業的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)知(zhi)識、水(shui)電(dian)(dian)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)基本(ben)知(zhi)識的培訓(xun)，員(yuan)工(gong)素質(zhi)普遍偏低。對水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程的輕視是(shi)影響(xiang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程質(zhi)量的根本(ben)原因(yin)。

2、質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)督(du)力度不足。盡(jin)管(guan)國家已經(jing)頒布了建(jian)筑給排水與電氣安(an)(an)裝相關質量(liang)驗收規范，但是(shi)由于(yu)現場安(an)(an)裝技術人(ren)員和監(jian)(jian)管(guan)人(ren)員對安(an)(an)裝過程缺乏(fa)嚴格要(yao)求(qiu)，監(jian)(jian)督(du)力度不夠。一些建(jian)筑施工管(guan)理人(ren)員的責(ze)任心不強，檢(jian)查把(ba)關不嚴，在建(jian)筑水電的安(an)(an)裝中未能嚴格執行相關的驗收標準，使檢(jian)查流于(yu)形式(shi)。質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)督(du)力度不足是(shi)影響建(jian)筑水電安(an)(an)裝工程質量(liang)的重(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)。

3、使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)合(he)格(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)質量決定著水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)的(de)順利進行與否(fou)。然而，部分(fen)開發商(shang)為了減(jian)少成本(ben)以(yi)次充好(hao)，使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)合(he)格(ge)的(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料，造成管道(dao)滲漏(lou)、密封(feng)不(bu)(bu)嚴等現(xian)象。材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料是基礎。無論再好(hao)的(de)安裝(zhuang)技術，沒有好(hao)的(de)安裝(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料都是空(kong)談。不(bu)(bu)合(he)格(ge)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料是影(ying)響建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)工(gong)程質量的(de)基本(ben)原因(yin)。

三、加(jia)強建(jian)筑水電安裝(zhuang)工程質量監督措施

1、加強前期施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)主要包括施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)部(bu)署、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、材料采購、質量保證措施(shi)、安(an)全(quan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)措施(shi)等。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)紙應按照(zhao)一定(ding)的(de)(de)順序合(he)(he)理進(jin)行(xing)(xing)編制。建筑水(shui)電安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)負責人要對(dui)圖(tu)紙進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)核(he)，并將(jiang)意見提(ti)交至施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)討論(lun)、修改、不斷完(wan)善。為(wei)了保證和(he)提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質量，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應當(dang)依據實(shi)際情況，對(dui)水(shui)電安(an)裝施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)和(he)圖(tu)紙的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格認真的(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)線路復雜、交叉口(kou)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)，要針(zhen)對(dui)不同(tong)的(de)(de)情況因地(di)制宜，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)預備(bei)案(an)，注重施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)理性。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位應當(dang)重視施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)規范性、針(zhen)對(dui)性、實(shi)用性，為(wei)水(shui)電安(an)裝質量的(de)(de)提(ti)升提(ti)供技術(shu)保障。

2、嚴格把關建筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)。建筑水電(dian)安裝是否能(neng)夠(gou)順(shun)利進行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)關鍵在于建筑材(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)好壞，因而在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)過程中，必(bi)須按照規范(fan)選擇(ze)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、配(pei)件。對進場的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和設備，應(ying)(ying)當選派專門(men)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)查，凡是不(bu)(bu)具(ju)有出(chu)廠合(he)格證、技(ji)術不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合(he)設計要求、產(chan)品性能(neng)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)達到現行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)國家技(ji)術標準的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)合(he)格產(chan)品必(bi)須退回，確保產(chan)品的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，嚴把產(chan)品的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)關。在管材(cai)(cai)進場時，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)與工(gong)(gong)程監理密切配(pei)合(he)，將管材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)抽檢(jian)任務(wu)做(zuo)好，不(bu)(bu)得使用不(bu)(bu)合(he)格的(de)(de)進場管材(cai)(cai)。例如，管道不(bu)(bu)能(neng)出(chu)現砂眼(yan)、裂(lie)縫現象(xiang)、絲扣(kou)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)出(chu)現任何損傷、管壁的(de)(de)厚(hou)度應(ying)(ying)均勻一(yi)致(zhi)等。

3、加強(qiang)不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)(di)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計方案完成之后，不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)之間進(jin)(jin)行技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員明白(bai)各自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務、要(yao)求、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)及應注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，使(shi)不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)之間全面(mian)協調、溝通，以提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全操作(zuo)意(yi)識(shi)、質量(liang)優(you)先意(yi)識(shi)，同(tong)時(shi)確(que)(que)保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量(liang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)(jin)度(du)。水電(dian)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進(jin)(jin)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)內容是詳細(xi)向技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)員和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員交(jiao)(jiao)代施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)標準、安全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、設計情(qing)況(kuang)等(deng)，確(que)(que)保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任務明確(que)(que)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)良好。針對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝設備(bei)進(jin)(jin)行針對性的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)(di)，做到(dao)能(neng)夠真(zhen)正(zheng)指導施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。例如，電(dian)路敷設時(shi)，PVC電(dian)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)結度(du)要(yao)牢固、進(jin)(jin)盒部分要(yao)垂直布線、金屬線槽和(he)支架(jia)接(jie)地要(yao)可靠等(deng)常見問題(ti)要(yao)說明清(qing)楚。此外，在(zai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)(di)時(shi)，還應對質量(liang)等(deng)級做出清(qing)晰介紹，避免返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生。

4、提高施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技能和(he)素(su)質(zhi)。水電(dian)安(an)裝是(shi)一個(ge)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性、技術(shu)性要求很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)種，要從(cong)思想上加強(qiang)認(ren)識。施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位、業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主應當對建筑(zhu)水電(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)足夠重(zhong)視。為了保證(zheng)(zheng)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)應當認(ren)真審查分包單(dan)(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)執照，專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)許可證(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)及企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資質(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)書，提出審查意見，按照公(gong)(gong)平、公(gong)(gong)開、公(gong)(gong)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭原則，選(xuan)擇分包施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位。相關人(ren)員應當在施工(gong)(gong)前審查水電(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位證(zheng)(zheng)書，確保他們具有從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資格(ge)。加強(qiang)施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)培訓，提高他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技能。

5、嚴格執行建(jian)筑工程(cheng)質量驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)。驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)人員需要(yao)按照(zhao)規(gui)定的(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)，嚴格依據(ju)圖紙(zhi)、設計規(gui)范(fan)以及法律法規(gui)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)對(dui)工程(cheng)實施驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)。施工監管(guan)人員應當(dang)提高自身的(de)(de)安(an)全意識(shi)、責任(ren)意識(shi)，利用自檢(jian)、專職檢(jian)、交接(jie)檢(jian)等(deng)多種手段(duan)，依照(zhao)有關的(de)(de)質量驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)，對(dui)工程(cheng)進行驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)。水(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)施工過程(cheng)中，所使(shi)用的(de)(de)材料、設備(bei)、型號、規(gui)格等(deng)必須符合(he)專業規(gui)范(fan)、設計要(yao)求(qiu)及標準(zhun)，杜絕任(ren)何使(shi)用不(bu)合(he)格建(jian)筑材料的(de)(de)行為(wei)。應當(dang)認(ren)真執行工序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)交接(jie)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)制度，若上(shang)道(dao)(dao)工序(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)合(he)格，不(bu)能轉(zhuan)到下道(dao)(dao)工序(xu)(xu)(xu)。在檢(jian)查(cha)中發現的(de)(de)水(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)問題，應當(dang)及時返工處(chu)理，杜絕任(ren)何安(an)全隱患。

結語：

建筑(zhu)水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)項具有基礎(chu)性(xing)、長效(xiao)性(xing)的(de)(de)綜合化的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，在整(zheng)個建筑(zhu)中(zhong)起著重要(yao)作(zuo)用，它(ta)不僅涉及到人們的(de)(de)日常(chang)生活，也與人民的(de)(de)生命財產(chan)安全息(xi)(xi)息(xi)(xi)相(xiang)關。本(ben)著“以人為(wei)本(ben)”“安全第一(yi)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則，我們應當(dang)(dang)提高(gao)建筑(zhu)水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量，加強質(zhi)量監督。施工(gong)人員應當(dang)(dang)將質(zhi)量優先貫穿到工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)始終(zhong)，確保水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)能夠正常(chang)使用，為(wei)構建和諧社會盡綿薄之力(li)。

參考文獻：

[1]牛新昌.建筑水(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)施工質量控制(zhi)探討[J]. 門窗，2012（09）

篇2

【關(guan)鍵詞】建筑工程；水電安裝；質量管(guan)理；有效措(cuo)施

中圖分類號： F253.3 文(wen)獻標識碼(ma)： A

建(jian)(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是一項系統且又相對(dui)復(fu)雜的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)要求高，對(dui)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)作要求較為嚴格，尤其是在(zai)當前(qian)建(jian)(jian)筑行業日益蓬勃發(fa)展，建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大量(liang)(liang)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)的趨(qu)勢下，建(jian)(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的難度也在(zai)不斷增加，同時就對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)提(ti)出(chu)了更高的要求。因而以(yi)下筆者結合自身工(gong)(gong)作實踐，以(yi)建(jian)(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)存在(zai)的不足為切入點，就如何加強建(jian)(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作提(ti)出(chu)了幾點有效的措施。

1.建筑水電安裝工程施工管理(li)中存(cun)在的質量問題

就當前來看(kan)，建(jian)筑水(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)工程施工管(guan)理中存在的質量問題(ti)較多，具體來說，主要有以下幾個(ge)方面。

1.1電氣(qi)質(zhi)量問(wen)題

電(dian)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)是建(jian)筑水電(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)程中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)之一(yi)，其具(ju)體(ti)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)：電(dian)氣(qi)開(kai)關安(an)裝不(bu)(bu)合(he)理、燈具(ju)安(an)裝不(bu)(bu)當或安(an)裝不(bu)(bu)牢固、沒有(you)按照相關要求連接配管(guan)與配箱(xiang)、施工(gong)中(zhong)設備(bei)與材料使(shi)用不(bu)(bu)可信等(deng)。造成電(dian)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)出現(xian)(xian)的(de)原因主(zhu)(zhu)要能分為(wei)兩方面(mian)：一(yi)是電(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)與材料本身就(jiu)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，例(li)如安(an)裝的(de)燈具(ju)、開(kai)關質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)合(he)格，在(zai)施工(gong)中(zhong)就(jiu)出現(xian)(xian)輕微損(sun)傷，后續使(shi)用中(zhong)損(sun)傷問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)加劇(ju)，造成電(dian)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)[1]。

1.2給排水質(zhi)量(liang)問題

建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程水(shui)(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)質量(liang)問題(ti)(ti)中給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質量(liang)問題(ti)(ti)屬(shu)于(yu)普遍常見問題(ti)(ti)。造成(cheng)(cheng)給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質量(liang)問題(ti)(ti)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)原(yuan)因主要有以下幾方面：給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)滲漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)；支架安(an)裝(zhuang)不(bu)牢固；給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)安(an)裝(zhuang)位置出(chu)現(xian)偏差；給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)堵塞等等。而引起這(zhe)些(xie)問題(ti)(ti)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)原(yuan)因主要是(shi)：一是(shi)給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)質量(liang)不(bu)合格；二是(shi)地基不(bu)均勻沉(chen)降導致管(guan)道(dao)(dao)發生(sheng)斷(duan)裂，造成(cheng)(cheng)滲漏；三是(shi)在給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，由于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員疏忽對管(guan)道(dao)(dao)造成(cheng)(cheng)了破(po)損，導致管(guan)道(dao)(dao)深埋地下后破(po)損處無法承(cheng)壓而發生(sheng)斷(duan)裂；四是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員進行(xing)給(gei)(gei)(gei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)沒有嚴格按照相關(guan)規范(fan)要求(qiu)連接管(guan)道(dao)(dao)接口，導致管(guan)道(dao)(dao)接口有縫(feng)隙[2]。

2.建筑水電安裝工程質(zhi)量管理(li)的有效措施

通過上述分析，我(wo)們對建筑(zhu)水電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工程施工管理(li)中(zhong)存在的質(zhi)量問題(ti)有了一定的認(ren)識，那么作(zuo)為管理(li)人員應采取哪些措施加強建筑(zhu)水電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工程質(zhi)量管理(li)工作(zuo)呢？

2.1加強(qiang)施(shi)工設(she)備與(yu)材料質(zhi)量管理

建筑(zhu)水電(dian)安(an)裝工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)施(shi)(shi)工設備(bei)與材(cai)料(liao)是水電(dian)安(an)裝工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)基礎保障，因此，加強(qiang)建筑(zhu)水電(dian)安(an)裝工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工設備(bei)與材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理非常有必要(yao)。首先(xian)，在采購、選型施(shi)(shi)工設備(bei)與材(cai)料(liao)時加強(qiang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理，以(yi)此為水電(dian)安(an)裝施(shi)(shi)工提(ti)供一(yi)個良好的(de)基礎保障；其(qi)次，工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理人員應與工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工人員協調合(he)作，對進(jin)場的(de)施(shi)(shi)工材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行嚴格的(de)檢查(cha)，把好材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關，堅(jian)持做(zuo)到不合(he)格的(de)材(cai)料(liao)，堅(jian)決不能使用于工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工中(zhong)(zhong)。

2.2加強施工圖紙的審核工作

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，能為(wei)(wei)水(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提供重要依據，因此，加強(qiang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，確(que)保(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)(xue)性(xing)與(yu)合(he)理(li)性(xing)，從(cong)而(er)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利進(jin)行及施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)提供重要保(bao)障。對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)主要有(you)以下(xia)幾方(fang)面(mian)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)系統圖(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)平(ping)面(mian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)進(jin)行仔細核(he)對(dui)，確(que)保(bao)兩圖(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致性(xing)，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)管線坐(zuo)標、標高、交叉是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合(he)要求，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)有(you)無錯(cuo)、漏(lou)、碰情(qing)況，對(dui)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)不清楚的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)或(huo)是(shi)(shi)發現有(you)錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)應(ying)立即指出(chu)(chu)，并及時聯(lian)系設(she)計(ji)單位(wei)，共同解(jie)決(jue)問題(ti)。二是(shi)(shi)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)程特點采取分項方(fang)法進(jin)行審(shen)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)，認真分析對(dui)比各分項圖(tu)(tu)(tu)，確(que)保(bao)無誤(wu)后在審(shen)查(cha)分部工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，最后將(jiang)審(shen)查(cha)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)提出(chu)(chu)并討論(lun)。三是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)防(fang)止(zhi)出(chu)(chu)現窩工(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況，首(shou)先應(ying)核(he)對(dui)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)整性(xing)。四是(shi)(shi)核(he)對(dui)水(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝設(she)計(ji)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)保(bao)其(qi)符合(he)相關技術標準規范。此外，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在編制時應(ying)是(shi)(shi)科學(xue)(xue)、有(you)序的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行，但是(shi)(shi)一(yi)些設(she)計(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)受利益誘惑，忽視了(le)這一(yi)點，導致設(she)計(ji)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)較差；加上審(shen)核(he)人(ren)員(yuan)敷(fu)衍(yan)了(le)事(shi)，沒有(you)嚴把(ba)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)關，這種(zhong)情(qing)況下(xia)設(she)計(ji)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)可想而(er)知。水(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)問題(ti)，必須(xu)在正(zheng)式(shi)進(jin)行建(jian)筑水(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時得(de)到科學(xue)(xue)、有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)[3]。

2.3加(jia)強水電安裝施(shi)工階(jie)段的(de)質量(liang)管理

2.3.1做好技術交底

技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交底(di)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)有(you)(you)著非常重要(yao)(yao)的意義，其(qi)主要(yao)(yao)目的是(shi)讓施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體情況及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對象有(you)(you)一個(ge)全面(mian)了(le)解，以此盡量避免在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)出現(xian)操作(zuo)失誤(wu)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)失誤(wu)情況。水電(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)進行技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)交底(di)就是(shi)將水電(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意的事項、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)特點、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)求、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方案(an)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設備等，全面(mian)詳(xiang)細的向(xiang)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進行交底(di)，使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)充分了(le)解工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)情況，明確自身任(ren)務，從而為水電(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量提(ti)供重要(yao)(yao)的基礎保證。

2.3.2嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)規范要求施工

在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)必(bi)須(xu)嚴格(ge)(ge)按(an)照規范要求進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，以(yi)(yi)此確保水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量，同時(shi)(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理(li)人員(yuan)應(ying)嚴格(ge)(ge)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，定期檢(jian)查(cha)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量，若是在(zai)(zai)監(jian)理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中發現問題應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)指(zhi)出并(bing)進(jin)行(xing)糾正，嚴格(ge)(ge)檢(jian)查(cha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量，確保符合設(she)計(ji)要求。建(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量標準(zhun)主要有(you)兩個方面(mian)：一是給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量標準(zhun)。將管(guan)道(dao)與(yu)管(guan)道(dao)、器具與(yu)管(guan)道(dao)進(jin)行(xing)緊密連(lian)(lian)接，杜(du)絕出現滲漏情況；在(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、燃氣(qi)管(guan)道(dao)等(deng)保持一定距(ju)離(li)，通常距(ju)離(li)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)5厘(li)(li)米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；嚴格(ge)(ge)按(an)照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)圖紙要求設(she)計(ji)管(guan)道(dao)坡(po)度；牢牢固定給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)上(shang)的(de)(de)角閥、水(shui)(shui)(shui)表、水(shui)(shui)(shui)龍頭等(deng)。二(er)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量標準(zhun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)開(kai)關必(bi)須(xu)與(yu)燃氣(qi)管(guan)保持一定距(ju)離(li)，通常距(ju)離(li)為15厘(li)(li)米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；正確連(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線線路，且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線應(ying)距(ju)離(li)地面(mian)20厘(li)(li)米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；落地插(cha)座應(ying)具有(you)完好的(de)(de)保護蓋板，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器連(lian)(lian)接必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)[4]。

3.結語

總之，建筑(zhu)水(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)質量對建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)質量、使(shi)用功能及人們的日常生(sheng)產生(sheng)活有著(zhu)非常重(zhong)要的作用和意義(yi)，所以，建筑(zhu)水(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)在(zai)社(she)會各界(jie)中所受到的關注也越來(lai)越高。因而筆者對建筑(zhu)水(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)質量管(guan)(guan)理(li)的有效(xiao)措施進行了分析與探討(tao)，具(ju)有非常重(zhong)要的意義(yi)，不僅能提(ti)升建筑(zhu)施工(gong)企業整體管(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)平，還有助于推進我國建筑(zhu)水(shui)電工(gong)程(cheng)的可持續發(fa)展。

【參考文獻】

[1]王(wang)友強.民用建筑水電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程施工(gong)質量控制[J].福建建筑，2007，05：61-63.

[2]曾云(yun)美.建筑(zhu)水電安裝工程質量管理(li)探討[J].廣東建材(cai)，2008，05：224-225.

篇3

［關鍵(jian)詞］建(jian)筑 水(shui)電安裝(zhuang)工程 技術(shu) 問題(ti)

［中圖分(fen)類號］TU58 ［文(wen)獻標(biao)識碼］A ［文(wen)章編號］1009－5349（2012）07－0109－01

近些(xie)年(nian)，隨(sui)著我(wo)國經濟的(de)(de)發展，建筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)也獲得了(le)空(kong)前的(de)(de)發展，水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程作為(wei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)重要(yao)環節，其(qi)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)好壞(huai)直(zhi)接影響到整個建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量，也影響到人們(men)的(de)(de)居住生(sheng)活(huo)。輕則(ze)給人們(men)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)帶來一些(xie)不(bu)(bu)便和困擾，嚴重情況則(ze)會(hui)影響整體(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)。現(xian)階段，在(zai)我(wo)國建筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)飛速發展的(de)(de)同時(shi)，建筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管理(li)也要(yao)與(yu)時(shi)俱(ju)進(jin)，強化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管理(li)水(shui)(shui)平，不(bu)(bu)斷改進(jin)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方法，創新水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管理(li)，以確保建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量。本(ben)文筆者在(zai)當前我(wo)國建筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管理(li)現(xian)狀的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，結合自身多年(nian)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作經驗，在(zai)以下幾個方面探(tan)討了(le)建筑(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)管理(li)要(yao)點，以期(qi)為(wei)相(xiang)關工(gong)(gong)作人員提供(gong)參(can)考。

一、施工圖的審核

施工(gong)(gong)圖紙的(de)準確性對于整(zheng)個安裝工(gong)(gong)程至(zhi)關重要，在施工(gong)(gong)前必須確保做(zuo)好圖紙的(de)審(shen)核工(gong)(gong)作，包括自審(shen)和會(hui)審(shen)。具體(ti)包括以(yi)下幾方面內容。

（1）圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否按(an)照國家(jia)現(xian)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術標(biao)準與規(gui)范要求(qiu)進(jin)行設計(ji)(ji)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否符(fu)合設計(ji)(ji)意圖(tu)。（2）圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)審查的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)順(shun)序如下：首先審查分(fen)(fen)項工程(cheng)，接著(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)部(bu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)各分(fen)(fen)項工程(cheng)之間(jian)有(you)沒(mei)有(you)疑問(wen)，最后是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)部(bu)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)問(wen)題。（3）圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文字說明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否規(gui)范，清晰明(ming)了(le)；圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)各項標(biao)注是(shi)(shi)(shi)否準確，各種(zhong)尺寸、標(biao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置是(shi)(shi)(shi)否正(zheng)確等。（4）在設計(ji)(ji)中是(shi)(shi)(shi)否存在特殊材料，其各項指(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否滿足要求(qiu)。（5）會審工作應由(you)技術部(bu)門集合施工單(dan)位(wei)、設計(ji)(ji)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)建設單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關人(ren)員(yuan)來進(jin)行。針對(dui)會審過程(cheng)中出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題要及時記錄，并在設計(ji)(ji)交底的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候補充說明(ming)這些(xie)問(wen)題。

二(er)、“施工組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計”編制內容(rong)和要求

“施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)”要(yao)做到(dao)指導(dao)施工(gong)操作(zuo)(zuo)。但現階段我國大(da)多(duo)數建(jian)筑水電安裝工(gong)程的“施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)”無法達到(dao)這(zhe)個要(yao)求，其針對性和操作(zuo)(zuo)性不(bu)強。一份合格(ge)的“施工(gong)組(zu)織(zhi)設計(ji)”具體應具備以下幾點內容。

（一）工程概況

“施工組(zu)織設計”的工程概況切忌照(zhao)搬設計說明，應(ying)將(jiang)工程規模(mo)、地理位(wei)置(zhi)和建筑形(xing)式做一份詳細的介紹。

（二）施工準備

（1）技(ji)術準備。包括圖紙審核、編制“施(shi)工(gong)組織設(she)計”及技(ji)術交底。（2）物質準備。根據工(gong)程的(de)(de)實際內容，明確各項設(she)備和工(gong)具的(de)(de)數量、進場(chang)時(shi)間(jian)及采購方式(shi)等。（3）施(shi)工(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)準備。包括施(shi)工(gong)所(suo)用(yong)材料的(de)(de)放(fang)置場(chang)所(suo)、相關人員(yuan)辦公和休息的(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)。（4）人員(yuan)的(de)(de)準備，確定管理人員(yuan)和施(shi)工(gong)班組的(de)(de)人員(yuan)組成(cheng)。

（三(san)）施工(gong)技(ji)術方(fang)案

“施(shi)工組織(zhi)設計(ji)”的重要(yao)部分(fen)，按照(zhao)施(shi)工特點及(ji)相應的驗收(shou)規范，進行分(fen)項工程(cheng)編制。

（四）施(shi)工進度計劃(hua)

依(yi)據工程(cheng)內容編制總工期和(he)階段(duan)性工期要求，計算(suan)用(yong)工數量。合理(li)安排(pai)，在保證工程(cheng)質量的同時，提高效率(lv)，縮短工期。

三(san)、加強材料、設備的質量控制

良好的(de)(de)設備(bei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量是確(que)保工程質(zhi)量的(de)(de)決定性(xing)(xing)因素。首先要做好設備(bei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)選型和采購(gou)工作。材(cai)(cai)料(liao)設備(bei)進場時(shi)，必須進行抽樣(yang)檢驗，嚴(yan)把質(zhi)量關(guan)，選購(gou)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和設備(bei)的(de)(de)各(ge)方面指標(biao)應(ying)符(fu)合設計要求(qiu)，產品(pin)性(xing)(xing)能要符(fu)合國家標(biao)準，針對檢驗不合格(ge)的(de)(de)產品(pin)應(ying)及時(shi)溝通退換(huan)。

四(si)、電氣(qi)安裝的施工措施

電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)一(yi)般包含(han)電(dian)氣(qi)照明系統(tong)、電(dian)氣(qi)動力及(ji)防雷接地系統(tong)。安(an)裝(zhuang)前核(he)對好材料的型號和各項指標(biao)，并且(qie)保(bao)證(zheng)一(yi)切進(jin)盒的電(dian)線(xian)管都采用(yong)鎖扣連接，做到一(yi)管一(yi)孔(kong)，確(que)保(bao)完好無損。要嚴格確(que)保(bao)電(dian)氣(qi)裝(zhuang)置標(biao)高(gao)及(ji)位置，居室(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)標(biao)高(gao)應(ying)小于15mm，并且(qie)要保(bao)證(zheng)各種開關、插(cha)座(zuo)內的接地線(xian)、零線(xian)不會串聯。為了保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)線(xian)絕(jue)緣性能(neng)，在導(dao)線(xian)的接頭要用(yong)絕(jue)緣帶(dai)再包上(shang)黑(hei)包布。

五、做好工長的技(ji)術(shu)交底工作

技術交底要(yao)具(ju)有科學性和針(zhen)對性。這(zhe)要(yao)求工長(chang)首先(xian)要(yao)將與本工程相關(guan)的各項標(biao)準(zhun)、規范、圖紙都(dou)鉆研透，準(zhun)確理解并(bing)靈活運(yun)用(yong)，將其轉變為自己的東西，向操(cao)作(zuo)班(ban)組交待清楚(chu)，確保操(cao)作(zuo)班(ban)組正(zheng)確施(shi)工。不是一味地傳遞設計說(shuo)明，而是真(zhen)正(zheng)地起到指導(dao)施(shi)工的作(zuo)用(yong)。

六、小結

在建筑安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)中，水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)是重要組成部分，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)質(zhi)量直(zhi)接影響到(dao)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總體質(zhi)量，雖然(ran)國家有關規范(fan)及(ji)各(ge)(ge)地(di)方管理部門都有一定(ding)的(de)標準，但(dan)仍有許多工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)存在著各(ge)(ge)式(shi)各(ge)(ge)樣問(wen)題(ti)。部分地(di)區用(yong)戶投訴的(de)九成問(wen)題(ti)都是建筑水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)滲、漏、堵、漏電、短(duan)路等(deng)現象。筆者依據多年(nian)的(de)工(gong)作經驗，討論(lun)了幾個水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)質(zhi)量控制要點，通過每個環(huan)節(jie)的(de)層(ceng)層(ceng)把關控制以(yi)確保施工(gong)質(zhi)量。

【參考文獻】

[1]趙俊杰.建筑(zhu)水電安裝與(yu)裝修工程協調配合[J].廣東(dong)建材,2009(8).

[2]周國(guo)林.提高(gao)水(shui)電安裝工(gong)程質量(liang)若干有(you)效措施[J].浙江建筑,2000(1).

[3]陳向(xiang)陽.論(lun)如何提高小(xiao)區住(zhu)宅水電安裝工程質量Ⅲ.中小(xiao)企業管理與科技(下旬刊),2009(8)．

[4]虞堅(jian)明.水電安(an)裝質(zhi)量通(tong)病及預(yu)防措施[J].科技資訊,2006(7).

篇4

應組織施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)人(ren)員進行(xing)圖紙會審，核準水(shui)電(dian)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計圖應符合(he)建筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)結構(gou)要求(qiu)。如管線與水(shui)電(dian)設備尺寸、材料規格(ge)大(da)小、數量品種(zhong)等是(shi)否符合(he)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)要求(qiu)。同(tong)時，對水(shui)電(dian)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設計要進行(xing)技術交(jiao)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，讓水(shui)電(dian)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設計的(de)內容、要求(qiu)以(yi)及各項指標(biao)有具(ju)體(ti)了(le)解，為后面安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做好準備，如遇施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)問題及時尋找解決方案并(bing)加以(yi)修改。

2在水電安(an)裝工(gong)程階段中要確(que)保施工(gong)技術安(an)全性、科(ke)學性

因水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技術是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)重要(yao)保障。水(shui)(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)是具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)系(xi)統性和關聯性，所(suo)以對建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)比其它(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)要(yao)高(gao)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前對所(suo)有施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術學習和指(zhi)導，水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中要(yao)掌握各環節之間的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方(fang)法，以確(que)保施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。淺談(tan)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)中興建(jian)設(she)有限公司陳章泉(quan)摘要(yao)關鍵詞本文(wen)筆者(zhe)主要(yao)結合自己多年的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗，介紹了(le)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)情況，并(bing)對水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)筑(zhu)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)控制措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)進行了(le)相關的(de)(de)分析與(yu)探討。建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)；水(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)；質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)；控制措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)

3要加強水(shui)電施工安裝所需用的水(shui)電設備材料質量控制(zhi)

因為(wei)水(shui)電材(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)質(zhi)量好壞直接影響(xiang)的(de)工程的(de)質(zhi)量。所以要(yao)(yao)嚴格驗(yan)收(shou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)質(zhi)量是(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)格，做好采購環節。對各(ge)種(zhong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)都要(yao)(yao)具(ju)有相關的(de)質(zhi)量證(zheng)明、標號和出廠合(he)(he)格證(zheng)，必要(yao)(yao)時(shi)進行試驗(yan)室檢測。堅決杜絕不合(he)(he)格的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，保證(zheng)水(shui)電安裝工程在施工這一環節的(de)質(zhi)量標準(zhun)。

4給(gei)排(pai)水管道安裝質(zhi)量控制措施

給排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)要有一定(ding)的施(shi)工(gong)順序。并(bing)根據水(shui)(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設計圖紙定(ding)的坐標(biao)、標(biao)高，采用支(zhi)、吊、托支(zhi)架(jia)時(shi)。其次，安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)UPVC排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)時(shi)，各管(guan)(guan)段工(gong)藝依(yi)次均勻粘結，最后(hou)把各預留口(kou)封(feng)嚴(yan)(yan)，為了防(fang)止(zhi)雜(za)物掉(diao)入(ru)管(guan)(guan)內而(er)堵管(guan)(guan)。并(bing)按照(zhao)提前設計好的洞口(kou)預留好立管(guan)(guan)洞，并(bing)按順序進(jin)行立管(guan)(guan)粘接(jie)連接(jie)，并(bing)調整好立管(guan)(guan)垂直度(du)(du)，安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完畢后(hou)，檢查三通口(kou)標(biao)高是否達到(dao)標(biao)準，如果達到(dao)要求(qiu)，則把甩口(kou)封(feng)堵嚴(yan)(yan)密。在進(jin)行管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前應(ying)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)進(jin)行清洗(xi)，以及通球試驗等相關檢測，以確保管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的通暢性；最后(hou)給排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)應(ying)該嚴(yan)(yan)格按照(zhao)相關標(biao)準和規范要求(qiu)進(jin)行施(shi)工(gong)，并(bing)及時(shi)做好記錄。針對(dui)地下埋設管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)應(ying)認真進(jin)行水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓試驗，埋土夯實方(fang)法(fa)要得當，安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)伸(shen)縮器及固定(ding)支(zhi)架(jia)的位置應(ying)合理；高層建筑中排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)應(ying)按設計要求(qiu)設置阻火圈(quan)或防(fang)火套管(guan)(guan)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)后(hou)應(ying)作水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓試驗，達到(dao)設計或規范規定(ding)的耐壓強度(du)(du)不滲漏，才(cai)能進(jin)行下道(dao)(dao)工(gong)序。

5電氣設備安裝質量預控(kong)措施

電氣設(she)(she)備安(an)裝的綜合布(bu)線(xian)(xian)是影響(xiang)安(an)裝施工質量(liang)的主(zhu)要因素，所以在(zai)(zai)對線(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和配(pei)電箱連接(jie)(jie)(jie)安(an)裝要確保配(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)整齊(qi)，在(zai)(zai)配(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)安(an)裝時(shi)(shi)要橫平豎直，對配(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的敷設(she)(she)應(ying)嚴格按照(zhao)設(she)(she)計(ji)規定進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。裝電源插(cha)座時(shi)(shi)，面向插(cha)座的左側(ce)應(ying)接(jie)(jie)(jie)零線(xian)(xian)（N），右側(ce)應(ying)接(jie)(jie)(jie)相線(xian)(xian)（L），中間上方應(ying)接(jie)(jie)(jie)保護地線(xian)(xian)。穿(chuan)入配(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導線(xian)(xian)的接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭應(ying)設(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)盒(he)內，接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)牢固，絕緣帶(dai)包(bao)纏應(ying)均勻緊密。箱、盒(he)開(kai)孔(kong)要整齊(qi)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)孔(kong)不得開(kai)長孔(kong)，應(ying)采用手(shou)電鉆或液壓(ya)開(kai)孔(kong)器進(jin)(jin)行(xing)開(kai)孔(kong)，嚴禁(jin)用電焊(han)、氣焊(han)開(kai)孔(kong)。

結語

篇5

關鍵詞：住宅(zhai)項目(mu)水(shui)電安裝工(gong)程質量控制(zhi)

中圖分(fen)類號：O213文(wen)獻(xian)標(biao)識碼(ma)： A

近(jin)幾年，隨著我(wo)(wo)國(guo)城市建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)迅(xun)猛發展，新建(jian)住宅(zhai)小(xiao)區似雨(yu)后春筍在(zai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)大小(xiao)城市隨處可見，由于住宅(zhai)項目水(shui)電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工程(cheng)在(zai)材料(liao)與施工質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等方面存在(zai)的(de)缺陷，加上(shang)設(she)(she)計(ji)上(shang)的(de)不合理(li)，以(yi)至每年3.15消(xiao)費者對住宅(zhai)水(shui)電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題的(de)投訴也越來越多，要確保住宅(zhai)水(shui)電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工程(cheng)的(de)整(zheng)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，筆者認(ren)為首先要從設(she)(she)計(ji)著手，在(zai)確保設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)合理(li)性、實(shi)用(yong)性的(de)前提下，把好材料(liao)關，控制安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，就能(neng)有效地(di)杜(du)絕住宅(zhai)水(shui)電安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題的(de)產生。

一、把(ba)好住宅安裝工程的設(she)計(ji)關

對于住宅(zhai)工程(cheng)來講，建筑、結構占整(zheng)體工程(cheng)造價的(de)80%，而水電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝只(zhi)占20%，因而建設單位在(zai)設計階段(duan)往(wang)往(wang)側(ce)重(zhong)于建筑、結構設計優化，忽略了水電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝設計的(de)重(zhong)要，在(zai)諸多水電(dian)(dian)質量(liang)問題投(tou)訴中，設計不合理所導致的(de)投(tou)訴也占了一定比(bi)例(li)。

1、要確保水(shui)電設(she)計(ji)圖紙的(de)整體質量，建設(she)單(dan)位首先(xian)必(bi)須考察選用有著豐富設(she)計(ji)經驗，技術力量雄厚、跟蹤(zong)服務與解決(jue)問題及時的(de)正規設(she)計(ji)單(dan)位。

2、設(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位確(que)定后(hou)，要認真考察確(que)定設(she)計(ji)項目負責人(ren)和對口各(ge)專業設(she)計(ji)師(shi)，對于(yu)設(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位而(er)(er)(er)言，各(ge)專業設(she)計(ji)人(ren)員的(de)(de)業務(wu)水平參(can)差不齊，有著豐富經驗(yan)的(de)(de)專業設(she)計(ji)師(shi)與(yu)剛(gang)進單(dan)(dan)位二三年(nian)小年(nian)輕相(xiang)比，圖紙設(she)計(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)與(yu)深度是完全不同，而(er)(er)(er)且對設(she)計(ji)規范、地方性(xing)強規、強條與(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)通(tong)病防治要求(qiu)等與(yu)住宅水電安裝工(gong)程相(xiang)關(guan)聯(lian)方面的(de)(de)理(li)解、掌(zhang)握(wo)的(de)(de)程度也(ye)不一(yi)樣，設(she)計(ji)出(chu)來的(de)(de)圖紙工(gong)程造價也(ye)很大的(de)(de)差異。因此對于(yu)建設(she)單(dan)(dan)位而(er)(er)(er)言，不但要選(xuan)用(yong)一(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位，同樣必須(xu)選(xuan)用(yong)一(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)專業設(she)計(ji)師(shi)，從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)從(cong)源頭上(shang)確(que)保圖紙設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。

3、水電(dian)安(an)裝工程設計方案的確(que)定，必(bi)須根據住宅小(xiao)區的規模、建(jian)筑物高度、所(suo)處的自然、氣候(hou)環境(jing)等方面的具(ju)體情況，同時結合(he)物業形態和交付標準、綜(zong)合(he)而定。

二、把好施工單位的(de)考察選用關

1、對于住(zhu)(zhu)宅項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)講，近幾年(nian)揚州(zhou)(zhou)大部分住(zhu)(zhu)宅工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設單位(wei)(wei)習慣把水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)從總包(bao)中(zhong)分離出來(lai)，單獨(du)招標(biao)，由于水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)利(li)潤(run)高于土建，因(yin)此沒有(you)關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)是無(wu)法承接(jie)到水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)樣(yang)許多小安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)隊伍(wu)掛靠大企業，通過關(guan)系網承接(jie)住(zhu)(zhu)宅項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，結果材料與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)全成問題(ti)，在(zai)揚州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)(zhu)宅項(xiang)目(mu)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，普(pu)遍存在(zai)了這(zhe)(zhe)種現象(xiang)，因(yin)此把好施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)考察選用關(guan)，對確保住(zhu)(zhu)宅項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)整體質量(liang)起到了至關(guan)重要的(de)(de)(de)作用。

2、住宅工程中(zhong)水電安(an)裝分(fen)項(xiang)工程，筆(bi)者(zhe)認為不宜從(cong)總包(bao)中(zhong)分(fen)離出來(lai)，凡建設單(dan)位(wei)堅(jian)持從(cong)總包(bao)中(zhong)分(fen)離出來(lai)由甲方單(dan)獨分(fen)包(bao)的(de)(de)士，必須嚴格控制關系單(dan)位(wei)承(cheng)包(bao)，杜絕(jue)私人(ren)小作坊、小施工隊借用(yong)正規公(gong)司資質掛靠承(cheng)包(bao)。作為住宅工程的(de)(de)建設單(dan)位(wei)，要(yao)充分(fen)認識到把好施工單(dan)位(wei)考(kao)察選擇關的(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing)，從(cong)源頭(tou)上控制并確(que)保(bao)水電安(an)裝工程的(de)(de)施工質量。

三、把好住宅項目水電安裝工程的材料質量關

對于住(zhu)宅項目(mu)的(de)水電安裝工程(cheng)來講，材料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量是確保水電安裝工程(cheng)整體質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)，由于水電安裝所需要材料(liao)的(de)多(duo)樣性、多(duo)變性、消(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)不均勻性，加(jia)上水電安裝工程(cheng)的(de)技術經濟特(te)點，使得(de)水電材料(liao)供應(ying)和管(guan)理工作(zuo)具有一定的(de)特(te)殊性和復雜(za)性。住(zhu)宅項目(mu)水電安裝工程(cheng)原材料(liao)、設備的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量應(ying)該著重把控以(yi)下幾個關(guan)鍵(jian)環節：

1.協同并督(du)促(cu)參建(jian)單位，做(zuo)好(hao)圖紙、技術交(jiao)底的(de)同時做(zuo)好(hao)材料使用標(biao)準、要(yao)求(qiu)等方(fang)面的(de)交(jiao)底。

就(jiu)我(wo)們住宅項目(mu)水電安裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)而言，主(zhu)要(yao)是給排水、強弱(ruo)電、通風空調、消防(fang)等及(ji)(ji)與(yu)其相(xiang)關聯的設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安裝等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。在(zai)項目(mu)啟動初期(qi)，建設(she)(she)、監(jian)理、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的相(xiang)關專業技(ji)術人員與(yu)材(cai)(cai)料、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)采(cai)購(gou)、保(bao)管人員，都要(yao)認真熟悉圖(tu)紙(zhi)，了解材(cai)(cai)料、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)所需品種、規格、標(biao)準(zhun)、數量及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關檢測(ce)要(yao)求和采(cai)購(gou)與(yu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間等，同時(shi)結合合同約定的材(cai)(cai)料、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)采(cai)購(gou)、保(bao)管責任方具體情況，責任各方制訂根據工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間，制訂相(xiang)應的采(cai)購(gou)供貨計劃，建設(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)做(zuo)好材(cai)(cai)料、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)采(cai)購(gou)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)與(yu)驗(yan)收、檢測(ce)等方面的交(jiao)底。

2、建立健全(quan)工程材料現場驗(yan)收與送檢機(ji)制

2.1、目前(qian)在我們(men)揚州相(xiang)當部分住(zhu)宅項目的水電材料，基本上建設單位都要參與定品牌或直接甲供(gong)，因此由(you)建設單位、施工企(qi)業(ye)和監理單位的相(xiang)關專業(ye)人員，組(zu)(zu)成材料驗收小組(zu)(zu)很有必要，同時通(tong)過三方溝通(tong)、協(xie)商，建立健全材料驗收、保管、使用、送檢等制(zhi)度，并堅持執(zhi)行(xing)、實施。

2.2、作為住宅項目的(de)(de)建設(she)(she)單位(wei)，要積極支持協助做(zuo)好水電(dian)安裝材料(liao)、設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)驗收與送檢(jian)工作，施工單位(wei)必須無條件配合建設(she)(she)單位(wei)、監理(li)企業共同做(zuo)好材料(liao)的(de)(de)驗收把關，堅決杜絕有質量問題的(de)(de)材料(liao)、設(she)(she)備用到工程中。

四、把好住宅項目水電安裝工程的(de)施工質量關

1、住宅項(xiang)目水電安裝工程施工質量(liang)的事(shi)前控制

1.1在(zai)項目(mu)啟動前，施工(gong)企(qi)(qi)業、監理(li)企(qi)(qi)業的(de)現場工(gong)程(cheng)師和相(xiang)關(guan)專業技術(shu)人員，應該結合工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)特點(dian)認真熟悉圖(tu)紙及相(xiang)關(guan)規范，對發現的(de)圖(tu)紙設(she)計方(fang)面的(de)問(wen)題，匯總后上報建設(she)單(dan)位處理(li)，解決。

1.2、施(shi)(shi)工企業(ye)在(zai)熟悉、會審(shen)圖(tu)紙和規范的基礎上(shang)，由(you)項目(mu)(mu)技(ji)術負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)認(ren)真編(bian)制施(shi)(shi)工組織設計(ji)、 施(shi)(shi)工方案、進(jin)度計(ji)劃，材料(liao)、設備采購(gou)供應計(ji)劃等，交由(you)項目(mu)(mu)經(jing)理審(shen)核及企業(ye)技(ji)術負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)審(shen)批，最終將(jiang)層(ceng)層(ceng)合(he)理優化過的、實用(yong)的施(shi)(shi)工方案以(yi)及進(jin)度計(ji)劃及時(shi)上(shang)報、送監理審(shen)查，報驗通過后，方可開工。

1.3建設(she)單(dan)位要(yao)組織設(she)計(ji)單(dan)位給施(shi)(shi)工(gong)、監(jian)理單(dan)位圖(tu)紙、技術交底，及時解(jie)決施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位、監(jian)理單(dan)位提出的圖(tu)紙、技術問題，確保(bao)圖(tu)紙的正(zheng)確性，以(yi)避(bi)免施(shi)(shi)工(gong)后不必要(yao)的整改。

1.4、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)前(qian)，必須做好事前(qian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)交底工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，要把工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)要求、應(ying)注意的(de)問題和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)等各(ge)個方面，向(xiang)參(can)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)作(zuo)詳細的(de)交底，使每個現場參(can)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)，明確(que)各(ge)自施(shi)工(gong)(gong)任務、質(zhi)量標準、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要求等，從而確(que)保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量。

2、住(zhu)宅(zhai)項目水(shui)電安裝(zhuang)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)質量的事中(zhong)控制

1、住(zhu)宅(zhai)項目水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)(an)裝單(dan)位(wei)，要(yao)服(fu)從(cong)總包管理(li)，加強與(yu)土建的(de)(de)協調(diao)配(pei)合，土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)前(qian)，它(ta)是水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)(an)裝施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)前(qian)提，土建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)好差(cha)，直(zhi)接影響水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)裝和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，二者的(de)(de)協調(diao)配(pei)合，是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整體質(zhi)(zhi)量得(de)到保證的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)始后，水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)安(an)(an)裝單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)定(ding)時(shi)與(yu)土建人員碰頭開(kai)會(hui)，協調(diao)土建與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)協調(diao)問題(ti)，使(shi)二者在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量標準(zhun)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法等方(fang)面相一致，從(cong)而減少各種(zhong)問題(ti)的(de)(de)發生，保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)功能的(de)(de)正常使(shi)用。

2、水電安裝在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段要(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)各道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)驗收(shou)標準，實行專職質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)員(yuan)平行檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)機制(zhi)(zhi)，認真執行工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)交(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)檢(jian)(jian)驗制(zhi)(zhi)度。質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)員(yuan)對出(chu)現的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題實施(shi)跟蹤檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)預檢(jian)(jian)到位，預檢(jian)(jian)合格(ge)后的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程方允許上報(bao)監(jian)理單位驗收(shou)，并做好相應(ying)的(de)預檢(jian)(jian)記錄；同時施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中必須嚴(yan)格(ge)執行工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)交(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)檢(jian)(jian)驗制(zhi)(zhi)度，上道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)驗收(shou)不合格(ge)不得移(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)轉入下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。

3、為確(que)保驗收質量(liang)，應采用國(guo)家相關(guan)質量(liang)驗收標(biao)準對(dui)項目(mu)各道(dao)工(gong)序進行質量(liang)驗收，通過增加施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)檢(jian)測次數，將(jiang)抽查變為全面的(de)檢(jian)測，來嚴格控制(zhi)并確(que)保水電安裝(zhuang)的(de)整體(ti)質量(liang)。

篇6

關鍵詞：建筑(zhu)水電安裝工(gong)程；通病；防治措施

水電安(an)裝工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是建(jian)筑工程(cheng)總(zong)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)組成部(bu)分，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)好壞(huai)直接(jie)影響(xiang)(xiang)人們的(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)和工作。大量(liang)(liang)(liang)已交付使用的(de)(de)(de)商、住(zhu)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)排水、電氣工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)滲、漏、堵(du)、開關不靈、漏電等質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)直接(jie)影響(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)使用功能，給使用者(zhe)帶來(lai)諸多麻煩(fan)與不便，甚至(zhi)影響(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)筑使用壽命和能源浪費。根據水電安(an)裝工程(cheng)施工管理實踐經驗，認真(zhen)分析質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)發生的(de)(de)(de)根本原(yuan)因(yin)，淺談幾(ji)點(dian)水電安(an)裝工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理要點(dian)。

一、建(jian)筑水(shui)電(dian)安裝工程通病

1、 管道的滲漏及阻塞

1.1 地基不均勻(yun)沉降容易造成下水(shui)管斷(duan)裂(lie)，水(shui)電(dian)從而出現(xian)(xian)滲漏；水(shui)電(dian)排水(shui)橫(heng)管坡度控(kong)制不合理，也會造成倒坡現(xian)(xian)象的出現(xian)(xian)，引起滲漏。

1.2 工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)使用的管件有砂眼，或(huo)者(zhe)裂縫(feng)，或(huo)者(zhe)管壁厚薄不均(jun)勻，也會造成管道的滲漏。

1.3 如果建筑給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)本(ben)身存在質(zhi)量問(wen)題，管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁厚度不合格(ge)，鍍(du)鋅管(guan)(guan)(guan)鋅層太(tai)薄會造成(cheng)(cheng)滲漏；鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)外壁粗糙，其管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑不足，承口變短或(huo)者PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)質(zhi)量存在問(wen)題（本(ben)身沒有合格(ge)證書、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)缺乏標志、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)件色(se)澤不一致）均會產生滲漏；另(ling)外如果管(guan)(guan)(guan)件安裝質(zhi)量差，特別是承插接口處不密實，有縫隙，水(shui)(shui)電(dian)這些也會造成(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道的(de)滲漏；且給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)產生噪音主要是由于(yu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)高速(su)流動以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道系統共振(zhen)導致的(de)振(zhen)動和嘯叫，噪音容易在用水(shui)(shui)端生成(cheng)(cheng)。此外，管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)選(xuan)擇不當也可能(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)為噪聲(sheng)產生的(de)因素之一。

2 、電氣安裝工程中常見問題

2.1 使用設(she)備(bei)與(yu)材質不符合(he)要求。原材料來源渠道(dao)多，有的缺少(shao)質保(bao)書，在使用前質量(liang)驗收不嚴格。

2.2 配電(dian)箱安裝不(bu)合格(ge)

⑴配電箱面板(ban)沒有緊貼墻面，沒有回路編號，或者(zhe)布線不整齊，導線無(wu)綁(bang)扎。

⑵多股線(xian)無搪(tang)錫、壓接，有的甚至被剪斷，管進箱沒有敲落孔、箱內零(ling)線(xian)、地線(xian)絞接，或者(zhe)總(zong)配電箱內無安裝(zhuang)接地端(duan)子。

2.3 電(dian)路敷(fu)設不合格

⑴在基礎建設中，施工(gong)(gong)單位只(zhi)顧工(gong)(gong)程進度，在疏(shu)散應(ying)急等回路上電氣導管為金屬材質，而現(xian)在施工(gong)(gong)人員為了(le)偷懶經常使用(yong)PVC管，造成消防驗收(shou)受阻。

⑵配(pei)管(guan)(guan)工程普遍存在鋼管(guan)(guan)壁厚不(bu)(bu)足，PVC 電管(guan)(guan)黏接不(bu)(bu)牢(lao)，進箱時(shi)不(bu)(bu)順(shun)直。且電氣(qi)導管(guan)(guan)進箱、盒，應采(cai)用(yong)一管(guan)(guan)一孔(kong)，并用(yong)鎖母(mu)固(gu)定；吊頂(ding)上導線無(wu)穿(chuan)管(guan)(guan)保護，及(ji)金屬線槽(cao)及(ji)支架(jia)接地(di)不(bu)(bu)可靠(kao)，跨接遺漏等。

3、設備運行的噪音問題

在一些(xie)(xie)建筑(zhu)中(zhong)對水(shui)電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備有(you)著(zhu)極大(da)的(de)(de)需(xu)求量(liang)，而且所需(xu)要的(de)(de)大(da)型水(shui)電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備在運行的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)有(you)大(da)量(liang)噪音的(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)，因此(ci)(ci)在對機(ji)房(fang)(fang)位置的(de)(de)選擇是尤其(qi)(qi)重要的(de)(de)。對于整個(ge)水(shui)電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備系(xi)統來(lai)說，設(she)(she)(she)備機(ji)房(fang)(fang)可以說是其(qi)(qi)心臟，對水(shui)電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)順利運行有(you)著(zhu)積極的(de)(de)支撐作用，在很多(duo)大(da)型建筑(zhu)物中(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備機(ji)房(fang)(fang)通(tong)常(chang)都(dou)(dou)會(hui)(hui)安(an)裝很多(duo)的(de)(de)動力(li)水(shui)電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備，例如各類風機(ji)、冷凍機(ji)組、空氣(qi)處(chu)理機(ji)組等(deng)等(deng)，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)設(she)(she)(she)備對人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)居住(zhu)都(dou)(dou)有(you)著(zhu)重要意義，都(dou)(dou)是不可缺(que)少(shao)的(de)(de)，因此(ci)(ci)這(zhe)樣多(duo)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備是會(hui)(hui)有(you)大(da)量(liang)噪音產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)，因此(ci)(ci)勢必會(hui)(hui)極大(da)干擾這(zhe)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)工作。

二、建筑水電安(an)裝工程通病預(yu)防(fang)的具體措施

1、嚴格按照相關的安(an)裝(zhuang)規范施工

針對在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，要(yao)(yao)想解(jie)決施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)存在(zai)著問(wen)題(ti)，就必須根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況和要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)具體的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)制定(ding)，并(bing)且還(huan)要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)具體的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案以及(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學(xue)規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，此(ci)外，作(zuo)為(wei)建筑(zhu)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)專業(ye)知識以及(ji)(ji)技術水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)培訓(xun)，并(bing)且定(ding)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)考核，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以從(cong)根本上提高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)。除了(le)要(yao)(yao)制定(ding)計(ji)劃(hua)和嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序以及(ji)(ji)科學(xue)規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，在(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)(guan)需求(qiu)(qiu)情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)具體的(de)(de)(de)分析和研究，同時還(huan)要(yao)(yao)根據分析的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際情況來選擇符合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備以及(ji)(ji)制定(ding)科學(xue)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備安(an)裝(zhuang)計(ji)劃(hua)，并(bing)且在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)安(an)裝(zhuang)計(ji)劃(hua)來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管是施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)還(huan)是管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)夠對安(an)裝(zhuang)計(ji)劃(hua)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)隨便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)修改。此(ci)外，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)因(yin)為(wei)任(ren)何(he)情況而出(chu)現不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合理(li)地壓縮施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)現象，如(ru)果在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)發(fa)生任(ren)何(he)問(wen)題(ti)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)反饋和采(cai)取(qu)適當的(de)(de)(de)補救措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)能(neng)確保在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)國家的(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)規(gui)定(ding)和規(gui)范來進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，從(cong)而保證建筑(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)質量(liang)

2、安排專業的質檢人員，對進入工地(di)的建材(cai)進行抽(chou)查

抽(chou)查(cha)(cha)方(fang)式如(ru)下：將建(jian)材(cai)按照批次歸類(lei)，每(mei)個品(pin)牌的(de)(de)相同規(gui)(gui)格(ge)的(de)(de)建(jian)材(cai)抽(chou)取10%，如(ru)果樣品(pin)中有不(bu)(bu)合格(ge)產(chan)品(pin)，再抽(chou)查(cha)(cha)20%，如(ru)果還是出現不(bu)(bu)合格(ge)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)，就必須(xu)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)每(mei)個產(chan)品(pin)。檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)件應以《低壓流體輸送用(yong)鍍(du)鋅焊接鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)》GB/T3091-93相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)各(ge)項技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指(zhi)標為準堅決杜絕冷鍍(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)外表以手感光滑為佳，根據《排水用(yong)灰(hui)口鑄(zhu)鐵直管(guan)(guan)(guan)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)件》GB/8716-88規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)對其各(ge)項技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指(zhi)標進行檢(jian)驗。以《建(jian)筑排水用(yong)硬聚(ju)氯乙烯管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)》GB/T5B36、1-92以及(ji)《建(jian)筑排水用(yong)硬聚(ju)氯乙烯管(guan)(guan)(guan)件》GB/T5836.2-92中的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)為準，檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)UPVC的(de)(de)各(ge)項技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指(zhi)標。

3、加(jia)強水(shui)電(dian)安裝工程(cheng)的質量審(shen)查

只有(you)(you)(you)做好建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，才能發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)其中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，然后對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)些問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決，從(cong)而不會(hui)(hui)造成更嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)對(dui)(dui)細節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分也會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)，從(cong)而發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)可(ke)(ke)以以最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度對(dui)(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)科學管理(li)(li)和處理(li)(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，對(dui)(dui)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)預先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保證。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)時(shi)，要(yao)注(zhu)重(zhong)對(dui)(dui)平(ping)面圖(tu)(tu)(tu)和系統圖(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)間進(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，若是(shi)(shi)(shi)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，或者是(shi)(shi)(shi)管線之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉(cha)坐標等(deng)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)正。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況會(hui)(hui)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，所(suo)以就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)向有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機構進(jin)行(xing)(xing)反映(ying)，及時(shi)解(jie)決問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，杜(du)絕后患(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。在(zai)(zai)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)時(shi)，對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)根據其不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分類(lei)，再(zai)逐個擊破，看是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有(you)(you)(you)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)，最(zui)后再(zai)從(cong)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光出(chu)發，去檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兼容性(xing)和協調性(xing)。同時(shi)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)要(yao)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)其完整性(xing)，避免(mian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)遺漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，從(cong)而導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)會(hui)(hui)影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)要(yao)仔細檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)和規定是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)相符，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場要(yao)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)其預先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)做好準(zhun)備。在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)繪畫(hua)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)時(shi)，其是(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)按(an)序設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)不排除在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計過程(cheng)中(zhong)一些主觀(guan)或者客觀(guan)因素(su)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)并沒有(you)(you)(you)按(an)要(yao)求(qiu)做好，可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)(shi)(shi)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誘使亦或者是(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)都會(hui)(hui)使得工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)最(zui)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)質(zhi)量水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)不合要(yao)求(qiu)。因為圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)要(yao)依據條(tiao)件(jian)，所(suo)以要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)其細節(jie)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)建(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作要(yao)由(you)技術(shu)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負責人進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，然后必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)采取小組討(tao)論的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式，同時(shi)要(yao)采納設(she)計方和委托方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見，最(zui)后達(da)到質(zhi)量上最(zui)理(li)(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)。因此，做好建(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)提高質(zhi)量管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

結束語

本文探討了(le)幾點(dian)關于水(shui)電安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)點(dian)，建(jian)筑(zhu)水(shui)電工(gong)程是建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程中重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)組成部分(fen)，通(tong)過各個環節的(de)(de)(de)嚴格控(kong)制，只(zhi)要(yao)認真、重(zhong)視并加強施(shi)工(gong)管理，運用正確的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)方法，抓好影(ying)響質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)環節，提高施(shi)工(gong)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)素質和操作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)意識，水(shui)電安裝(zhuang)中的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)就能得到很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)。只(zhi)有建(jian)筑(zhu)水(shui)電安裝(zhuang)質量(liang)(liang)得到有效保障(zhang)，才(cai)能更好地(di)促進建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)發展和進步。

參考文獻：

[1]李(li)健坤. 建筑(zhu)水電安裝工程(cheng)通病預防措(cuo)施探討[J]. 電子制(zhi)作，2013，11：190.

[2]貝(bei)維超. 談建(jian)筑水電(dian)安裝工程管理(li)[J]. 科技(ji)信息(xi)，2011，20：724+726.

[3]王偉. 建筑(zhu)水電安裝工程施工管理[J]. 科技致(zhi)富向(xiang)導，2010，15：182+201.

[4]工(gong)程建設施工(gong)企業質量管理規范GB/T50430-2007

篇7

關鍵詞：住宅，水電(dian)安(an)裝 ， 工程(cheng) ， 問(wen)題，對(dui)策

Abstract: in the residential area construction, water and electricity installation project is a very important part. Water and electricity installation quality of will affect the use of residents, therefore, improve hydropower installation project quality control is imperative. In this paper, the current residential hydropower installation of the existence of the problem, this paper analyzed the water and electricity problems that should be paid attention to in the construction, strengthen the emphatically summarized installation construction process quality control countermeasures.

Keywords: housing, hydropower installation, engineering, problems, countermeasures

中圖(tu)分類(lei)號(hao)：TV7文(wen)獻標識碼：A文(wen)章編號(hao)：

隨著社(she)會經濟的(de)迅速發展，開發建(jian)設(she)的(de)住宅小區越來越多，人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)(dui)居住環境的(de)要求越來越高(gao)，對(dui)(dui)住宅建(jian)筑中的(de)水電安裝質量(liang)(liang)要求越來越嚴。水電安裝工(gong)程的(de)質量(liang)(liang)好壞(huai)對(dui)(dui)居民的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)有直接的(de)影響(xiang)。近(jin)年來，建(jian)筑工(gong)程中出現(xian)了(le)一些安裝質量(liang)(liang)問題，安裝質量(liang)(liang)的(de)好壞(huai)對(dui)(dui)建(jian)筑工(gong)程總體質量(liang)(liang)有長期的(de)影響(xiang)作用(yong)，直接影響(xiang)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)，甚至造成事(shi)故，危害人(ren)(ren)身健康，因此(ci)，確保住宅水電安裝工(gong)程質量(liang)(liang)是我們當前首要任(ren)務。

一、住宅水電安裝(zhuang)工程的特點(dian)

1．很多樓棟的工(gong)程結(jie)構類似。

2．施工(gong)形(xing)式復雜，有地(di)上(shang)和(he)地(di)下的(de)，明裝(zhuang)和(he)隱蔽的(de)。

3．工程建設投入量大(da)。

4．工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)內容非(fei)常(chang)多，如(ru)：供配電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、衛生(sheng)排水工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、天然(ran)氣安裝工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、安全監(jian)理工(gong)(gong)等。

5．參與工程建(jian)設的單位多(duo)，各個單位人員知(zhi)識水平和素質不一樣。

國(guo)家(jia)(jia)有關(guan)規范及各地方管理部(bu)門對建筑工(gong)程中水電(dian)安(an)裝都有一(yi)定的標準，要想使小區工(gong)程按照(zhao)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)規范標準的要求順(shun)利(li)建成(cheng)，需(xu)要工(gong)程監(jian)理單位(wei)(wei)對參建單位(wei)(wei)最(zui)好(hao)檢查監(jian)督工(gong)作(zuo)，對各個(ge)環節嚴格控制，抓好(hao)影響質量的關(guan)鍵環節。

二、水電(dian)安裝施工過程(cheng)中存在的問題

在(zai)水(shui)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)過程中，很(hen)多施工人員(yuan)質量(liang)意識(shi)較(jiao)差，對水(shui)電(dian)施工規定和流程沒有(you)有(you)效掌握。如室內(nei)的排水(shui)工程中，管(guan)(guan)道出現管(guan)(guan)道滲(shen)水(shui)、漏水(shui)現象，造(zao)成(cheng)樓板大量(liang)侵蝕。有(you)的開(kai)發商為貪便宜，缺少質量(liang)安(an)全意識(shi)，購買(mai)質量(liang)較(jiao)差的管(guan)(guan)道材料(liao)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的管(guan)(guan)件有(you)砂眼或裂縫，以致在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中出現斷(duan)(duan)裂或生銹現象。甚至(zhi)違(wei)規購買(mai)和安(an)裝(zhuang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)不合(he)(he)格等(deng)劣質產(chan)品，造(zao)成(cheng)問題不斷(duan)(duan)出現。在(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)電(dian)路過程中，一(yi)些安(an)裝(zhuang)人員(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)了解不是(shi)很(hen)清楚，開(kai)關插座(zuo)安(an)裝(zhuang)的標(biao)高不符合(he)(he)要求(qiu)，相線(xian)位置接錯。

三(san)、加強安裝施工過程的質量(liang)控制對策

 1、 施工(gong)前(qian)對水電安裝(zhuang)質(zhi)量(liang)的控制(zhi)

首先是抓好施工(gong)隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)管理,強化(hua)施工(gong)工(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識(shi)。當前水電施工(gong)隊伍(wu)良(liang)莠不(bu)齊(qi),專(zhuan)業人(ren)員不(bu)全,這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)隊伍(wu)很(hen)難保證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),所以首先應當抓好施工(gong)隊伍(wu)建設,這(zhe)是加強質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)。對于(yu)技術力量(liang)(liang)不(bu)全的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)能批準其承擔(dan)施工(gong)任務。而在提(ti)高施工(gong)隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)管理中,提(ti)高質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識(shi)又是關(guan)鍵。施工(gong)工(gong)人(ren)如果質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識(shi)差的(de)(de)(de)話(hua),就會在施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中敷衍了事,不(bu)注意(yi)細節(jie),最終造成工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)低下。因而,作為一名施工(gong)工(gong)人(ren)首先應當樹立起質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識(shi),并且還(huan)要認真學(xue)習理解國家、專(zhuan)業部門及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)所在地有關(guan)部門頒布的(de)(de)(de)現行有效的(de)(de)(de)法規、規范和標準,提(ti)高他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)意(yi)識(shi),而承包(bao)企(qi)業也要具體審查施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中所用的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員。

其次是嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)選材(cai),保證(zheng)材(cai)料質量施工人員應當對(dui)工程所需設備、原材(cai)料進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查和控制(zhi)。無論是總承包(bao)方(fang)采購的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin),還是分承包(bao)方(fang)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)采購的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料,在(zai)進(jin)入安(an)裝(zhuang)現場之前都必須(xu)驗證(zheng)其產(chan)品(pin)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)和使用(yong)說明書,并按(an)有關標準規范進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)抽檢(jian),不合(he)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)不得在(zai)工程中使用(yong)。對(dui)于未檢(jian)查的(de)(de)(de)須(xu)有緊急放行(xing)(xing)(xing)報告及標識,安(an)裝(zhuang)后(hou)補做檢(jian)查,重要的(de)(de)(de)大型設備分承包(bao)方(fang)應編制(zhi)專門的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)方(fang)案且須(xu)經居民代表簽(qian)署確認。對(dui)在(zai)施工過程中,而(er)對(dui)于安(an)裝(zhuang)水的(de)(de)(de)鋼管、管件、焊接材(cai)料以及電類材(cai)料,應當認真審查材(cai)料。一定要嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)按(an)圖紙(zhi)施工,不要片面追求節省(sheng)而(er)任意改變(bian)主材(cai)料和設備的(de)(de)(de)規格(ge)(ge)型號。

總而言之,施工單位應堅持(chi)質量(liang)第(di)一的(de)方針,嚴格把好材料的(de)質量(liang)關。只有這樣,安裝工程質量(liang)才能得到保(bao)證。

2、施(shi)工過程中(zhong)質量控(kong)制(zhi)的具體要(yao)求

首先在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,如果管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)絲(si)(si)扣連(lian)接,套絲(si)(si)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)規范(fan)操作。絲(si)(si)扣不宜過(guo)(guo)短(duan),以(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)連(lian)接后,絲(si)(si)扣外露2～3扣為(wei)宜,否則(ze)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,容(rong)易造成脫絲(si)(si)而導致管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)絲(si)(si)扣漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui);在上緊(jin)螺紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),應按(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)緊(jin)方(fang)向一次裝(zhuang)好并(bing)不得(de)(de)倒(dao)回,以(yi)保(bao)證接口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)性(xing)。還有(you)(you)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)非常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序也是(shi)非常值得(de)(de)重(zhong)視和(he)(he)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)縫(feng)是(shi)質量控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點部位(wei),必(bi)須(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)按(an)有(you)(you)關標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規范(fan)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查和(he)(he)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收。對于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接,必(bi)須(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)按(an)照圖來進(jin)行(xing),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)焊(han)接后必(bi)須(xu)(xu)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)無(wu)(wu)損檢(jian)測(ce)并(bing)提(ti)供檢(jian)測(ce)報告,必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)不定(ding)期到(dao)無(wu)(wu)損檢(jian)測(ce)室檢(jian)查其檢(jian)測(ce)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)確性(xing)、真實(shi)性(xing);如果管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)熱(re)(re)熔(rong)連(lian)接:管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)熔(rong)連(lian)接前(qian),先把(ba)(ba)熱(re)(re)熔(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)頭(tou)(tou)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)好,然后通(tong)電開機,將(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)旋(xuan)轉推進(jin)熔(rong)接器(qi)模(mo)(mo)頭(tou)(tou)內(nei),待溫度(du)達到(dao)260±5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),立即把(ba)(ba)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件從(cong)模(mo)(mo)頭(tou)(tou)上同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)下,迅速無(wu)(wu)旋(xuan)轉地直(zhi)線均勻插入所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du),使(shi)接頭(tou)(tou)開成均勻凸緣。閥(fa)門安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)也是(shi)一個(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)項(xiang)目,因(yin)為(wei)在高層(ceng)建筑過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,一個(ge)樓層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)問題可(ke)能(neng)影(ying)響(xiang)其它樓層(ceng),產生連(lian)鎖反應。因(yin)此水(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)也必(bi)須(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)按(an)規范(fan)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)強度(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)性(xing)檢(jian)查,試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)臨場檢(jian)查,試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每只閥(fa)門應有(you)(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)做好試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)記(ji)錄,還需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)調整試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。安(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)要(yao)有(you)(you)國(guo)家認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權威部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)記(ji)錄和(he)(he)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi),在校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)周(zhou)期內(nei)方(fang)可(ke)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。另外,排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在竣工(gong)(gong)前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、同(tong)球試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。通(tong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)設(she)計給水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統1/3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)點同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開放,以(yi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流暢通(tong)且無(wu)(wu)滲漏(lou)為(wei)合格(ge)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)、嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)杜絕管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)泄漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最后手(shou)段,因(yin)此施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中也要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)把(ba)(ba)握,要(yao)根據(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類不同(tong)按(an)有(you)(you)關規范(fan)確定(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)洗(xi)方(fang)式,吹掃、清(qing)洗(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果須(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)證記(ji)錄,不得(de)(de)遺(yi)漏(lou)某一段管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),否則(ze)容(rong)易堵(du)塞管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)儀表。

其(qi)次在(zai)電氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程中,設備(bei)、儀表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)也應當按質量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)和(he)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準規(gui)范(fan)進(jin)行檢(jian)查(cha)驗證(zheng),其(qi)檢(jian)查(cha)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)檢(jian)查(cha)程序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序化、規(gui)范(fan)化,按照《電氣裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)測試驗方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing),配合相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電氣安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)標準、圖集(ji)、規(gui)范(fan)施工(gong)(gong),嚴格(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)材(cai)料質量(liang)(liang)和(he)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang),協調施工(gong)(gong)中碰到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查(cha)、記錄等(deng),以保(bao)證(zheng)各系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)和(he)有效性(xing)。敷線(xian)(xian)(xian)所用導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)電纜應與施工(gong)(gong)圖要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型號、規(gui)格(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),并(bing)(bing)符合質量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。另外(wai),小區住宅一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意防雷問(wen)題,要(yao)(yao)(yao)抓(zhua)好(hao)基礎接地體、柱內(nei)引(yin)(yin)下線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)屋面(mian)接閃器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)(liang),各層柱內(nei)主(zhu)筋(jin)作避(bi)雷引(yin)(yin)下線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)接,重點(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)接時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)筋(jin)是否與基礎焊(han)(han)接時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)筋(jin)一致,焊(han)(han)接處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)縫質量(liang)(liang)搭接長(chang)度必須留(liu)有余(yu)地,輔助母材(cai)可以預先切(qie)割好(hao),切(qie)斷(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)兩端(duan)各加長(chang)10mm。施焊(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以在(zai)輔助母材(cai)邊起(qi)弧,焊(han)(han)完后仍在(zai)輔助母材(cai)邊收弧;在(zai)主(zhu)體結構施工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),若避(bi)免引(yin)(yin)下線(xian)(xian)(xian)利用柱子(zi)鋼筋(jin)、可在(zai)室外(wai)距地面(mian)500mm 處(chu),于建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四個角(jiao)焊(han)(han)出接地電阻測試端(duan)子(zi);如果(guo)是在(zai)砼(tong)柱子(zi)或墻內(nei)暗(an)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避(bi)雷引(yin)(yin)下線(xian)(xian)(xian),則應在(zai)距室外(wai)地坪500mm處(chu),逐根作接地引(yin)(yin)下線(xian)(xian)(xian)斷(duan)接卡子(zi),作為接地電阻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試點(dian)做(zuo)好(hao)隱檢(jian)記錄,并(bing)(bing)用簡圖示意。

建筑(zhu)工(gong)程中水電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)是建筑(zhu)安(an)裝(zhuang)的重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen)，通過對工(gong)程從設計施工(gong)到竣工(gong)，各個環節(jie)都要嚴格控制管理，建立健全完善的施工(gong)質量(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)體系，認真運(yun)用正(zheng)確的施工(gong)方(fang)法，重視并加強對施工(gong)質量(liang)和監(jian)督(du)、檢查(cha)和驗(yan)收，從而確保(bao)我(wo)國(guo)的居民住宅工(gong)程質量(liang)得到保(bao)證(zheng)。

參考文獻：

[1] 徐士東. 住宅工程水(shui)電安(an)裝質量通病及防治措施[J]. 淮北職業技術學(xue)院學(xue)報, 2011,(01) .

[2] 陳(chen)向陽. 論如何提(ti)高小(xiao)區住宅水電安裝工程質量[J]. 中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)管理與科技(下旬刊(kan)), 2009,(08) .

[3] 趙志浩. 淺談建筑(zhu)水電安裝(zhuang)工程質(zhi)量通(tong)病的預防措(cuo)施[J]. 科技資(zi)訊, 2008,(20) .

[4] 虞(yu)堅明. 水電安裝質量通病(bing)及(ji)預防(fang)措(cuo)施[J]. 科技資訊, 2006,(07) .

[5] 王文君. 建(jian)筑工程項目(mu)管理(li)中的質量控制與管理(li)措施實例(li)分析[J]. 中外建(jian)筑, 2011,(06) .

[6] 葉有泉. 大型建設(she)工(gong)程項目管理模式創新(xin)分析研究[J]. 中(zhong)外建筑, 2011,(06) .

篇8

【關鍵詞】水電安裝施工技術

中圖(tu)分類號(hao)：TU74文獻標(biao)識(shi)碼： A 文章編號(hao)：

前言(yan)：隨著社會主義市場經濟(ji)的不斷發展，人(ren)們生活需求的不斷增加，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)對(dui)水電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程的施工(gong)提出了新的要(yao)求，但是，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)人(ren)口(kou)眾(zhong)多(duo)，對(dui)房(fang)屋建筑需求量(liang)比(bi)較大(da)的現狀為我(wo)(wo)國(guo)的水電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程增加了不少(shao)的困難。為了更好地適應我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟(ji)發展的現狀，我(wo)(wo)們必須對(dui)水電安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程具體(ti)施工(gong)方法進行深入的探討。

1.水電安裝過程中常見的問題(ti)

1.1 電氣安裝(zhuang)問題

建筑電氣安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)是一項技術性(xing)(xing)很(hen)強(qiang)，影響因子較復雜的(de)(de)工程，在安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)多(duo)種問題(ti)都影響其安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)和進(jin)度(du)。只有找到問題(ti)所在，并采取(qu)相應(ying)的(de)(de)措施，才能保證供電系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)、正確(que)性(xing)(xing)和質量(liang)的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)。首先(xian)是安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)輸電線路(lu)方面：安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)輸電線路(lu)所用的(de)(de)鋼管(guan)普遍存在著(zhu)管(guan)壁厚(hou)度(du)偏薄(bo)，PVC-U電管(guan)粘接(jie)不(bu)牢固，進(jin)盒(箱(xiang))部分存在偏斜不(bu)垂直，天花板上導線沒有穿管(guan)保護，及(ji)金屬線槽及(ji)支架接(jie)地(di)不(bu)可靠，這將對電器(qi)線路(lu)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使(shi)用帶來嚴重(zhong)影響；其次是開關、插座、配電箱(xiang)及(ji)用電器(qi)具的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)接(jie)線不(bu)正確(que)等。

1.2 供排水管(guan)安裝問(wen)題(ti)

首先是水管安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，工程(cheng)包(bao)頭所提供的(de)(de)(de)水管本(ben)身就(jiu)存在質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)問題，如(ru)管壁的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，鍍鋅管鋅層太薄(bo)，甚至用(yong)(yong)冷鍍管；PVC-U管沒有標簽，管材(cai)、配(pei)件顏色不(bu)(bu)(bu)一致，甚至用(yong)(yong)普通(tong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水管用(yong)(yong)在建筑工程(cheng)上；鑄鐵(tie)管外(wai)壁粗糙，管徑不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，承接口(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)規范等(deng)(deng)現(xian)象(xiang)。其(qi)(qi)次就(jiu)是有關(guan)大便(bian)(bian)器(qi)具安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方面，大便(bian)(bian)器(qi)具及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)配(pei)件安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸不(bu)(bu)(bu)符(fu)合要求，建筑商所提供的(de)(de)(de)大便(bian)(bian)器(qi)具及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)排(pai)水配(pei)件材(cai)質(zhi)差，初裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)坐式大便(bian)(bian)器(qi)排(pai)出口(kou)預留(liu)位置不(bu)(bu)(bu)正確等(deng)(deng)。最后(hou)就(jiu)是地漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)方面，由于鑄鐵(tie)排(pai)水管檢查口(kou)本(ben)身質(zhi)量差，設置的(de)(de)(de)位置不(bu)(bu)(bu)正確等(deng)(deng)。

2.水電安裝技術(shu)問題的解(jie)決措施

2.1關于開關插(cha)座問(wen)題的預防(fang)措施

嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)電(dian)器裝置(zhi)標(biao)(biao)高、位(wei)置(zhi)及固定(ding)件的(de)離墻(qiang)、固定(ding)問(wen)距、固定(ding)高度等尺寸；上下層同(tong)一軸線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)坐標(biao)(biao)誤差不(bu)得(de)(de)大于50mm；燈具開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)必須串接(jie)(jie)在(zai)相線(xian)(xian)(xian)上，零線(xian)(xian)(xian)上不(bu)得(de)(de)串接(jie)(jie)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)；同(tong)室的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)(biao)高應(ying)(ying)一致(zhi)，偏差應(ying)(ying)在(zai)15mm之(zhi)內。開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)或插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)宜(yi)裝于門后；在(zai)同(tong)一單(dan)位(wei)工程中(zhong)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)方向統一，不(bu)得(de)(de)出(chu)現兩種以上的(de)不(bu)同(tong)型號(hao)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)一般(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)向下為開(kai)啟；在(zai)潮濕場地(di)所應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)密(mi)封式(shi)或保護式(shi)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，安(an)(an)裝高度應(ying)(ying)不(bu)低(di)(di)于1.5m；開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、燈具接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)箱盒(he)內，方木、圓(yuan)木內各(ge)留(liu)l0一15cm長的(de)余量；單(dan)相三眼插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)，面對插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)右極(ji)應(ying)(ying)接(jie)(jie)相線(xian)(xian)(xian)，左(zuo)極(ji)接(jie)(jie)零線(xian)(xian)(xian)，上面接(jie)(jie)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)；在(zai)兒童(tong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)場所，應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)全(quan)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)；各(ge)種開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內的(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、相線(xian)(xian)(xian)、零線(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou)嚴(yan)禁串聯連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，接(jie)(jie)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)單(dan)獨敷(fu)設，不(bu)準利用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)護套(tao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)的(de)一根芯作接(jie)(jie)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，接(jie)(jie)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)顏(yan)色(se)應(ying)(ying)為綠黃雙色(se)，不(bu)得(de)(de)與相線(xian)(xian)(xian)零線(xian)(xian)(xian)混同(tong)；插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)安(an)(an)裝若距地(di)1.8m時(shi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一般(ban)(ban)普通插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，低(di)(di)于1.8m時(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)(an)全(quan)型插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

2.2有關管道(dao)滲(shen)漏水的預防措施

首(shou)先(xian)，核對圖(tu)紙上(shang)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)管(guan)道(dao)坡度(du)與建筑物的(de)沉降(jiang)量是否有(you)矛盾，如發現(xian)問題立即提請(qing)設(she)計單位解決。其次，管(guan)道(dao)坡度(du)應(ying)均勻，不準倒坡，房(fang)屋出口(kou)處管(guan)道(dao)坡度(du)要(yao)適當增大；埋(mai)地管(guan)道(dao)及支座時嚴(yan)禁(jin)鋪(pu)設(she)在(zai)未經處理(li)(li)的(de)松土(tu)上(shang)。再者(zhe)，管(guan)件、衛生器具(ju)及配件等均應(ying)有(you)出廠質(zhi)量保證書，并(bing)且按設(she)計要(yao)求和質(zhi)量標準加工、采(cai)購，質(zhi)量必須(xu)合格(ge)；使用(yong)前用(yong)觀察、灌(guan)水等方法(fa)逐根(gen)檢查鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)有(you)無裂縫、砂眼，若有(you)不合格(ge)的(de)鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)禁(jin)止使用(yong)。然后，管(guan)道(dao)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)鋼管(guan)的(de)壁厚在(zai)對口(kou)處留一定(ding)的(de)間隙，并(bing)按規(gui)(gui)范規(gui)(gui)定(ding)處理(li)(li)坡口(kou)，不得有(you)未焊(han)透現(xian)象；鍍鋅(xin)鋼管(guan)嚴(yan)禁(jin)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)，配件不得用(yong)非(fei)鍍鋅(xin)管(guan)件代(dai)替(ti)。

2.3 有關管道堵塞的(de)預防措施

民用建(jian)筑室內排水(shui)管道(dao)(dao)的順暢(chang)是(shi)保證建(jian)筑正(zheng)常使(shi)用的基本條件(jian)之一，在設計、施工和驗收等環(huan)節嚴格執行(xing)有關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定、規(gui)(gui)范，并在實(shi)施過程中采取必要、合理的技術(shu)措施是(shi)減少排水(shui)管道(dao)(dao)堵塞有效(xiao)途徑，盡(jin)量避免因為(wei)排水(shui)管道(dao)(dao)堵塞給用戶帶來不(bu)必要的經(jing)濟損失和使(shi)用、維修的困擾。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)毛坯安裝后(hou)用專用橡皮塞(sai)或麻繩(sheng)大楔(xie)堵嚴管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)開(kai)口(kou)，對(dui)坐便(bian)器、浴缸、地漏等預(yu)留排水口(kou)用同樣方(fang)法堵塞(sai)，防(fang)止建筑垃圾等物落入排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)內。安裝管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、衛生器具時(shi)，應先清理管(guan)(guan)(guan)內、預(yu)留排水口(kou)內垃圾雜物，保證暢通(tong)(tong)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)按標準(zhun)坡度施工，坡度應均(jun)勻(yun)，不準(zhun)倒坡。做好室內排水管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)球(qiu)試驗(yan)。如遇堵塞(sai)，應查明位(wei)置進行疏通(tong)(tong)，疏通(tong)(tong)無效(xiao)的應返工處理。通(tong)(tong)球(qiu)試驗(yan)完畢(bi)，應做好試驗(yan)記錄。并歸入質(zhi)量保證資料以(yi)備核查。

2.4 配(pei)電箱的安裝

建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)氣安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)中配(pei)電(dian)箱的(de)(de)質量(liang)通病(bing)主要是由(you)其(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)位置引起的(de)(de)，并(bing)且這些建(jian)(jian)筑都是小型建(jian)(jian)筑，投資比較小，施工單位對其(qi)就沒有(you)足夠的(de)(de)重視(shi)。再加上沒有(you)對站后房建(jian)(jian)電(dian)力設計進(jin)行詳細(xi)的(de)(de)技術交底，施工時監管(guan)不到位及水電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)人員(yuan)素(su)質不高(gao)，就埋下了很多(duo)的(de)(de)安(an)全隱患。

配管(guan)(guan)采(cai)用(yong)絲扣連接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)必須做跨(kua)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，其圓鋼(gang)跨(kua)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地線(xian)的(de)(de)直徑(jing)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)小(xiao)于5mm。焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長(chang)度不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)小(xiao)于圓鋼(gang)直徑(jing)的(de)(de)6倍(bei)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)應(ying)(ying)牢固(gu)、平整(zheng)、飽滿，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有夾渣(zha)、焊(han)瘤、鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)焊(han)穿等(deng)現象，焊(han)完后應(ying)(ying)及時清除焊(han)渣(zha)等(deng)，并刷防(fang)銹油漆。鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)切(qie)口(kou)應(ying)(ying)平整(zheng)、光(guang)滑。嚴禁用(yong)電(dian)氣焊(han)切(qie)割(ge)，管(guan)(guan)口(kou)切(qie)口(kou)處如有毛刺，要(yao)用(yong)銼刀平整(zheng)、光(guang)滑。明(ming)配管(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)橫平豎(shu)(shu)直，排(pai)列(lie)整(zheng)齊，半硬(ying)塑料管(guan)(guan)及波紋軟管(guan)(guan)暗敷設方向應(ying)(ying)橫平豎(shu)(shu)直，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)斜(xie)向敷設。插座(zuo)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地線(xian)必須直接(jie)(jie)(jie)在電(dian)表箱的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地排(pai)，不(bu)(bu)可接(jie)(jie)(jie)在金屬箱的(de)(de)外殼(ke)。明(ming)配鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)絲扣連接(jie)(jie)(jie)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)采(cai)用(yong)套管(guan)(guan)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)，嚴格直接(jie)(jie)(jie)對(dui)口(kou)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)將(jiang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)焊(han)在各種型鋼(gang)和支架上。

2.5 加強材料和設備的質量(liang)控制

設(she)備(bei)材料質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)是(shi)保(bao)證工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的先決條(tiao)件，因為(wei)設(she)備(bei)自身存在的缺陷(xian)是(shi)無(wu)法通過安裝(zhuang)施工的過程(cheng)來糾正或彌補的。因此(ci)，設(she)備(bei)材料的選型和(he)采購是(shi)把(ba)(ba)好安裝(zhuang)工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的第一關口。管(guan)材進(jin)場時，施工人員應配(pei)合(he)工程(cheng)監理做(zuo)好抽樣檢(jian)驗，嚴把(ba)(ba)原材料和(he)設(she)備(bei)的進(jin)貨質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)關，進(jin)場的原材料和(he)設(she)備(bei)應有(you)出廠質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)合(he)格(ge)證，材質(zhi)(zhi)、型號、規格(ge)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)必(bi)須符(fu)合(he)設(she)計要(yao)求，其產品性能應符(fu)合(he)現行有(you)關國家技(ji)術標準(zhun)。對進(jin)場管(guan)材應認真(zhen)進(jin)行驗收、復試，不(bu)合(he)格(ge)產品不(bu)準(zhun)進(jin)場，不(bu)得使用(yong)。

3.結語

水電安(an)裝(zhuang)是建(jian)筑安(an)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)組成部分，其安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞對建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)總體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)有長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響作用。近年來，隨著(zhu)我國科技水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)提(ti)高以及建(jian)筑施工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)努力，我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)水電安(an)裝(zhuang)技術水平已(yi)經逐步(bu)提(ti)高。本文根據(ju)多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)工(gong)作經驗，探討了(le)幾點(dian)關(guan)于水電安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)，通過(guo)各個(ge)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴格控制(zhi)，只要(yao)(yao)我們加強施工(gong)管理，運(yun)用正(zheng)確方法，抓好質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)關(guan)鍵，提(ti)高施工(gong)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和人(ren)員(yuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)意識，就(jiu)能解決水電安(an)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)。

參考文獻

篇9

【關鍵詞】水電(dian)安裝通病(bing)防治對策

中圖分類(lei)號：F253.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：

水(shui)電安(an)裝的好壞直(zhi)接影響到(dao)人們(men)的生活和工(gong)作，因(yin)此良好的水(shui)電工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量是人們(men)進行(xing)正(zheng)常生活的保障。其實只要我們(men)認真(zhen)重視，加強住(zhu)宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)電安(an)裝的施工(gong)管理(li)，運用正(zheng)確的施工(gong)方(fang)法，抓好影響質(zhi)量的關(guan)鍵環(huan)節，提高操作人員的質(zhi)量意識；下大(da)力(li)氣克(ke)服(fu)住(zhu)宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)電安(an)裝質(zhi)量通(tong)病，縮(suo)小與國家驗評標(biao)準的差(cha)距，就能很好地解決住(zhu)宅(zhai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)電安(an)裝質(zhi)量問題。

一、水電(dian)安裝質量的通病

1、排水(shui)管道安裝常見問題(ti)

排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)安(an)裝經常(chang)出現滲水(shui)、漏水(shui)和(he)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)堵(du)塞等問題。首先, 管(guan)(guan)道(dao)滲水(shui)和(he)漏水(shui)主要(yao)是(shi)由于(yu)地(di)基(ji)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻沉極(ji)易造成下水(shui)管(guan)(guan)斷裂、滲漏,或(huo)者(zhe)使用的(de)管(guan)(guan)件有(you)(you)砂眼(yan)或(huo)裂縫,管(guan)(guan)壁厚薄(bo)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻,或(huo)者(zhe)管(guan)(guan)件安(an)裝質量(liang)差,尤其(qi)是(shi)承插接口處(chu)不(bu)(bu)密實(shi)造成的(de)。這都跟管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)材料(liao)和(he)施工的(de)質量(liang)有(you)(you)緊密的(de)聯系(xi)。其(qi)次(ci), 施工的(de)方法和(he)程序不(bu)(bu)統一, 安(an)裝的(de)坐標尺寸控制不(bu)(bu)精確,引(yin)起管(guan)(guan)卡松(song)動。最后(hou),管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)堵(du)塞是(shi)由于(yu)在管(guan)(guan)道(dao)安(an)裝過(guo)(guo)程中,沒(mei)有(you)(you)認真清(qing)除管(guan)(guan)內(nei)垃(la)圾雜物(wu), 或(huo)者(zhe)在管(guan)(guan)道(dao)安(an)裝結束后(hou)的(de)預留(liu)管(guan)(guan)口、衛生器具(ju)預留(liu)排(pai)水(shui)口沒(mei)堵(du)嚴,垃(la)圾雜物(wu)未(wei)清(qing)除干凈,施工過(guo)(guo)程中沒(mei)做排(pai)水(shui)立管(guan)(guan)的(de)通球試(shi)驗。

導管敷設、配線沒有執行要求

主要表現在:室外(wai)埋(mai)地敷設(she)的(de)電纜(lan)導管，埋(mai)深小于0.6m；

金屬導(dao)管(guan)管(guan)口(kou)(kou)毛刺未(wei)(wei)處理，對口(kou)(kou)焊接(jie)(jie)，束節和接(jie)(jie)線(xian)盒未(wei)(wei)做(zuo)接(jie)(jie)地跨接(jie)(jie)或(huo)跨接(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)牢固；吊頂內配管(guan)排(pai)列不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)，直接(jie)(jie)把管(guan)子用(yong)(yong)鐵絲綁(bang)扎在(zai)龍骨上。金屬軟(ruan)管(guan)未(wei)(wei)做(zuo)接(jie)(jie)地跨接(jie)(jie)、軟(ruan)管(guan)到(dao)燈具線(xian)路過長；強電(dian)、弱電(dian)沒有做(zuo)到(dao)分槽(cao)埋(mai)設，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)話雜(za)音，電(dian)視信號(hao)受到(dao)干擾，音響效果不(bu)(bu)好(hao)；電(dian)線(xian)人(ren)(ren)墻沒有采用(yong)(yong)PVC套(tao)管(guan)埋(mai)設，或(huo)者套(tao)管(guan)內電(dian)線(xian)擁擠，接(jie)(jie)頭過多；燈具盒、吊鉤在(zai)預埋(mai)時未(wei)(wei)按規范和設計要求施工(gong)，盒位固定時未(wei)(wei)拉(la)線(xian)。 產生這些錯誤的原(yuan)因在(zai)于施工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員對施

工規(gui)(gui)范和操作(zuo)規(gui)(gui)程不熟悉，甚至有個別施工人員未經過專業培訓就(jiu)上崗(gang);此外，還有監(jian)理工程師沒有盡到職責，沒有及時跟蹤檢查(cha)、監(jian)督的原(yuan)因(yin)。

插(cha)座、開關沒有按(an)照要求選擇

產生這些(xie)問(wen)題的(de)原因主要(yao)在于安裝工(gong)作(zuo)人員思慮不(bu)周，做事粗心，主要(yao)表現有：

(1)開關、插座安(an)裝高(gao)度不一，人線(xian)沒按要求。

(2)在衛生間(jian)、廚(chu)房等(deng)潮(chao)濕地方沒(mei)(mei)有采(cai)用(yong)安全(quan)插座。插座，開(kai)關(guan)的(de)安裝沒(mei)(mei)有考慮兒童的(de)

影響。

(3)插座、開(kai)關的安裝沒有考慮線路(lu)的負荷能力。

4、供、排(pai)水系統常見問(wen)題

供、排(pai)(pai)水系(xi)統最容易(yi)出(chu)(chu)的(de)問(wen)題就是滲漏，由(you)于現(xian)在供排(pai)(pai)水系(xi)統都被做(zuo)到了(le)墻內(nei)(nei)，所以一旦出(chu)(chu)現(xian)滲漏，需要花費較多的(de)財(cai)力、人力、時間進行修復，如(ru)果影響到樓(lou)下鄰(lin)居的(de)話(hua)，可能(neng)還會給(gei)鄰(lin)里之(zhi)間的(de)關系(xi)帶來(lai)(lai)損傷(shang)。其次，排(pai)(pai)水系(xi)統容易(yi)出(chu)(chu)的(de)問(wen)題是堵(du)塞，如(ru)果出(chu)(chu)現(xian)排(pai)(pai)水系(xi)統堵(du)塞，將(jiang)會使(shi)室內(nei)(nei)臟(zang)水淤積(ji)，給(gei)生(sheng)活帶來(lai)(lai)較大(da)不便(bian)。因此，必須重視供、排(pai)(pai)水系(xi)統的(de)安裝。

5、質量監督不到位

質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)是確保安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的關鍵(jian)環(huan)節，無論是業主還是安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)單(dan)位必(bi)須(xu)予以重視。從目(mu)前水電安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過程(cheng)來看，很多安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)不(bu)到(dao)位，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)的范(fan)圍(wei)很窄，對(dui)于(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)過程(cheng)中發現的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題并(bing)沒有進行及時整改以及缺少(shao)隱(yin)患整改之(zhi)后的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)復(fu)查工(gong)作。出現這一情況原(yuan)因有很多，大致歸納為(wei)：缺乏嚴(yan)格的質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)管理制(zhi)(zhi)度；缺乏監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)責任制(zhi)(zhi)；發現質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題找不(bu)到(dao)相關責任人等。

二、水電安裝質量的通病(bing)的防治對策

1、對(dui)于導管敷設、配(pei)線(xian)沒(mei)有執行要求，主要的防治對(dui)策有：

(1)室(shi)外埋設的(de)電(dian)纜要采用抗氧化(hua)、抗腐(fu)蝕(shi)、絕(jue)緣性好的(de)套管(guan)深埋地下，埋深要至少等(deng)

于(yu)或(huo)大(da)于(yu)規定要(yao)求。

(2)金屬導管管口應(ying)打磨平整(zheng)光滑，嚴(yan)禁對口熔焊(han)連接;鍍鋅(xin)和(he)壁厚小于等于2mm的鋼管不得(de)進行(xing)套管熔焊(han)。

 (3)嚴禁強弱電同(tong)槽，二者布線時都要(yao)使用PVC阻燃管(guan)，并且保持最(zui)小300mm的(de)間距。

對于插(cha)座、開關(guan)沒(mei)有按照要求(qiu)選擇，主(zhu)要的防治對策有：

(1)在安裝開關(guan)、插座(zuo)時，應充分考慮(lv)視覺美觀(guan)，同一室內(nei)高度應保(bao)持一致，彼此(ci)相差最(zui)多不應超過(guo)5mm，距地(di)(di)面宜(yi)1.2-1.4m，離門套線(xian)(xian)至少(shao)7em。接人開關(guan)、插座(zuo)的(de)電線(xian)(xian)，必須是面對面板方向左接零線(xian)(xian)、右接相線(xian)(xian)、上端接地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)。

(2)在衛生間、廚房等容易潮濕的地(di)方(fang)，一定(ding)要安裝密(mi)封式(shi)或保護式(shi)插座，安裝高度應(ying)不(bu)低于(yu)1.5m。

(3)在(zai)兒童(tong)多活動(dong)的(de)房間，應該把插座開(kai)關(guan)的(de)安(an)裝高度盡量(liang)上(shang)提(ti)，最好(hao)安(an)裝在(zai)距地1.8m的(de)位置，另外要選擇安(an)全型開(kai)關(guan)和插座，以防兒童(tong)觸電的(de)危險。

(4)開關、插(cha)座(zuo)的安裝要(yao)考慮室內電器的功(gong)率要(yao)求。空(kong)調，熱水器、電磁爐等大(da)功(gong)率電器要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)專用(yong)插(cha)座(zuo)。其他沒(mei)有固定負荷(he)體的插(cha)座(zuo)，要(yao)滿足至(zhi)少承(cheng)載100W的基本(ben)要(yao)求。

3、對于供、排水系統常見(jian)問(wen)題，主要的防治對策(ce)有(you)：

(1)檢查(cha)地(di)表(biao)及頂部(bu)是否有裂(lie)縫(feng)，廚衛地(di)面要(yao)做蓄水試驗，隨時觀(guan)察滲漏情況。

(2)用水泥密封地面后(hou)再度測試密封效果，方(fang)法可以選擇在(zai)室內注滿(man)100~水，然后(hou)觀察其在(zai)24h后(hou)是否仍(reng)有(you)滲漏發生，如有(you)，需要認真(zhen)查找原因，采取(qu)相應對策;如果沒有(you)，表明密封效果良好。

(3)供水管道的布局要合理，應多走直線，防(fang)止交(jiao)叉、斜走，盡量少用連接配件，注意不要破壞防(fang)水層。

(4)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管應做(zuo)到各自獨(du)立，不(bu)能相互交叉纏繞，最后匯集到主(zhu)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管。主(zhu)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管必(bi)須(xu)要做(zuo)成S彎，以防與下水(shui)道(dao)直接相通，導致下水(shui)道(dao)異味返回室(shi)內，影響生(sheng)活。

(5)地漏必須要安裝在(zai)廚房和衛(wei)生間內(nei)的最(zui)低點(dian)，同時保持一定的傾斜度，保證(zheng)地面有水可(ke)以(yi)自行匯流到地漏處及時排干。

(6)洗臉盆、洗菜盆的(de)下水管如果需要移位加長時(shi)，應做到(dao)原出水日高于接管最低點(dian)，否則(ze)將導致下水管不暢，造(zao)成(cheng)堵(du)塞。

4、做好水(shui)電(dian)安裝的前(qian)期準備工作(zuo)

在(zai)水電安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)之前(qian),必須要對(dui)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)覆(fu)蓋區域做好調研工作(zuo),例如(ru):安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)所(suo)處地(di)的(de)地(di)形情況;生態環境因(yin)素(su);經濟條件和(he)社會因(yin)素(su)等,對(dui)于這些(xie)影響因(yin)素(su)要做好全方位的(de)論證(zheng),確定(ding)該地(di)是否具備安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)水電的(de)條件,也只有做好前(qian)期(qi)準備工作(zuo)才(cai)能夠保證(zheng)水電安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)項目興建的(de)合理性和(he)科學性,確保安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)順(shun)利開展。

5、加強對安裝(zhuang)的質量監督

施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業選擇(ze)高素質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)安(an)裝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊，嚴格施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊的(de)(de)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)和技(ji)術(shu)人員資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)審驗，確認(ren)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊的(de)(de)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)能達到工(gong)(gong)程要求。配備專門(men)的(de)(de)安(an)裝質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理員，對安(an)裝建材(cai)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、安(an)裝技(ji)術(shu)、安(an)裝程序等進行(xing)監督，確保把質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)問題控制在發生之前。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業可以選出居民(min)代表，作為(wei)

義(yi)務安(an)(an)裝工(gong)程監(jian)(jian)督員(yuan)，對(dui)(dui)安(an)(an)裝工(gong)程進(jin)行(xing)全過(guo)程的(de)跟蹤(zong)監(jian)(jian)督，并根據居(ju)民代表的(de)意見，督促(cu)安(an)(an)裝施(shi)工(gong)單位進(jin)行(xing)改進(jin)。施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業可以通過(guo)溝通，促(cu)使工(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理人(ren)員(yuan)加強對(dui)(dui)安(an)(an)裝質量的(de)監(jian)(jian)督，使安(an)(an)裝單位的(de)技術人(ren)員(yuan)能(neng)夠自覺督促(cu)安(an)(an)裝人(ren)員(yuan)嚴格按照規(gui)范進(jin)行(xing)操作。

三、結語

總之，住(zhu)(zhu)宅水(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝中存在(zai)(zai)的諸多問(wen)題，導致建筑住(zhu)(zhu)宅在(zai)(zai)交付(fu)使用后(hou)，出現(xian)(xian)管(guan)道堵、漏銹、破裂等現(xian)(xian)象，給人們生活帶(dai)來很大麻煩(fan)。因(yin)此，要嚴(yan)格(ge)加強住(zhu)(zhu)宅水(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝的質量控(kong)制，分析可(ke)能出現(xian)(xian)問(wen)題的環節，找(zhao)到問(wen)題存在(zai)(zai)的癥結，采取(qu)相(xiang)應的預防措(cuo)施，消(xiao)除可(ke)能發生的質

量問題。因此，不(bu)僅要(yao)求(qiu)住(zhu)(zhu)宅水電(dian)安(an)裝人員具有較高的(de)技術(shu)，還要(yao)加強對水電(dian)材料的(de)驗收和(he)質量控制，確保(bao)水電(dian)安(an)裝的(de)各項操作(zuo)合乎規范。唯有如(ru)此，才(cai)能(neng)確保(bao)住(zhu)(zhu)宅水電(dian)安(an)裝的(de)質量，維護住(zhu)(zhu)宅用戶的(de)安(an)全和(he)正(zheng)當權益(yi)。

【參考文獻】

[1] 黃炳祥. 論小區住宅水電安裝工(gong)程質量控制及防治(zhi)措(cuo)施[J]. 科技創新導報，2009（23）.

[2] 馬峰. 住宅小區水(shui)電安裝工程施工監理初探[J]. 中國高新技術(shu)企業，2010（10）.

[3] 孫長理(li). 論我國住宅工程水電安裝施工過程中的質(zhi)量管理(li)[J]. 城市建設，2010（17）.

篇10

關鍵(jian)詞：水電(dian)安裝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量；影響因素；存在問題；控制措施(shi)(shi)

中圖分類(lei)號： TV523 文獻(xian)標識碼(ma)： A

引言

隨著我國社會(hui)經濟的快速發(fa)展(zhan)，人(ren)們(men)對自身的居住環境也(ye)有了(le)更高的要(yao)求(qiu)，特別是建(jian)筑(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)程施工(gong)質(zhi)量問題也(ye)越來越受到人(ren)們(men)的重視(shi)和關注。而(er)在(zai)現實生(sheng)(sheng)活中，建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝因各種因素而(er)存(cun)在(zai)著許多問題。 這(zhe)些(xie)問題的存(cun)在(zai)給人(ren)們(men)的生(sheng)(sheng)活帶來了(le)諸多不便，甚至會(hui)帶來安(an)全(quan)隱患，嚴重影響了(le)社會(hui)的發(fa)展(zhan)。 在(zai)這(zhe)種情況下，加強建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝質(zhi)量及有效(xiao)控(kong)制水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝工(gong)程質(zhi)量，具有重要(yao)的理(li)論和現實意義。

一、影響水電安裝(zhuang)工程施工質量的因素

1、人的因素

水電安裝過(guo)程(cheng)中,施(shi)工(gong)人員的整體素(su)質是關鍵，它是決定工(gong)程(cheng)完成質量(liang)好壞的關鍵因(yin)(yin)素(su)之(zhi)一，在施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中,每(mei)一個環(huan)節(jie)都(dou)脫離(li)不了人為因(yin)(yin)素(su)的操控。所以，提高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)人員的政治道(dao)德(de)素(su)養和專業技術水平是很(hen)有必要的。

2、施(shi)工(gong)方法及施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械、工(gong)具

首先(xian),在制定相關水電安裝工(gong)(gong)程的(de)施工(gong)(gong)方案(an)時，我們(men)必須(xu)結合(he)最前沿的(de)水電安裝技(ji)術，并對其所設計的(de)方案(an)進行一(yi)個綜(zong)合(he)評定和可(ke)行性(xing)研究，以保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量得以高質(zhi)、高效的(de)完成。 其次，合(he)理的(de)選擇和使用(yong)機械設備、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)也是保證(zheng)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量的(de)重要因素之(zhi)一(yi)。

二、水(shui)電安裝工程中存在的質(zhi)量問(wen)題

在建筑(zhu)水(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中，經常(chang)會遇到各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣的(de)問題，而這些問題恰(qia)好(hao)是造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)電安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)的(de)關鍵。我們需要調查、分析、總結(jie)存(cun)在的(de)問題，并采取措施(shi)有(you)效的(de)解(jie)決，從而實現(xian)質量(liang)控制的(de)目標。對于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員來(lai)說是安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)高低和意識問題，而對于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位而言，則是不重視和管理到不到位的(de)問題。

1、建筑水電安(an)裝施工(gong)過程中施工(gong)人員存在的問題

1）水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過程(cheng)中，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)人(ren)員沒(mei)有充(chong)分的(de)認識到水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性，在(zai)思想上處于麻痹、大意(yi)和不嚴格(ge)要(yao)求的(de)狀態，從而導(dao)致安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)欠佳的(de)現象。在(zai)技術(shu)在(zai)沒(mei)有一種精益(yi)求精的(de)態度(du)，造成(cheng)水電安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)技術(shu)較差，不能達(da)到安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工程(cheng)質量(liang)要(yao)求。

2）對與水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)技術水(shui)(shui)平而(er)言(yan)，主要(yao)(yao)面(mian)(mian)臨有(you)三方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，即材料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合格，粗(cu)糙安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)及采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符合設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在(zai)材料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量方面(mian)(mian)，部分工程(cheng)(cheng)單位為了節(jie)約成本，以次(ci)充好(hao)，使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)存(cun)在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量問題，如給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)管承接(jie)(jie)口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)、存(cun)在(zai)砂眼及裂縫(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼管等(deng)。在(zai)粗(cu)糙安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)方面(mian)(mian)，粗(cu)糙安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)是水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)最為常見、最易感知的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，如在(zai)給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)管道(dao)(dao)在(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及時清理殘留在(zai)管道(dao)(dao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜物，導致管道(dao)(dao)堵塞(sai)；電(dian)(dian)氣安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)PVC電(dian)(dian)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘接(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)牢；吊頂上導線沒有(you)進行穿(chuan)線保護；配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)面(mian)(mian)板與墻面(mian)(mian)未緊密貼合；防雷(lei)接(jie)(jie)地線路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴等(deng)。在(zai)部件(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符合設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)方面(mian)(mian)，水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)避(bi)免不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了有(you)部件(jian)出現(xian)(xian)問題而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，而(er)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)人員(yuan)又對水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)沒有(you)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)全局把握，容易將不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符合設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)上。如果給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)中(zhong)閥門(men)、開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)格、型號及密封性不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能達(da)到設計(ji)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，則會出現(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足或過大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

2、建筑(zhu)水電安裝施(shi)工(gong)過程中(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)單位存在的問題

1）忽視安裝工程質量

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位存在“重主(zhu)體(ti)，輕安裝”的現(xian)象(xiang)，實際建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)常以分包、轉(zhuan)包的方(fang)式進行，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)的過(guo)程(cheng)管理尤(you)其的缺乏。而施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)往(wang)往(wang)在同一(yi)時間(jian)里承包了(le)幾項水電安裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，加之施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)員不專業、質(zhi)量意識差(cha)等原(yuan)因導致工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的下降(jiang)。

2）施(shi)工過程(cheng)中管理不到位

施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)雖然有(you)完善的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，但是在(zai)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作中不(bu)(bu)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)執行，制(zhi)(zhi)度被高(gao)高(gao)掛起，無人(ren)(ren)問津，只有(you)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量出現問題的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)才(cai)意(yi)識到。工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)管人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)查成為一(yi)種(zhong)形式，也導致(zhi)了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)意(yi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、馬(ma)虎了事的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。而(er)部(bu)分企(qi)業(ye)甚至都(dou)不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)相關的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，對(dui)于安(an)裝工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管具有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)意(yi)性，存在(zai)嚴重(zhong)質(zhi)量安(an)全風(feng)險(xian)。另外，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)沒有(you)加強土建和安(an)裝兩個(ge)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong)交流，土建施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)(bu)按設計要(yao)求預留洞(dong)口或預留的(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)口位(wei)(wei)置不(bu)(bu)準確，而(er)安(an)裝人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)只有(you)在(zai)現場安(an)裝時才(cai)能(neng)了解到，從而(er)導致(zhi)多(duo)次鑿洞(dong)和剔墻(qiang)埋(mai)管的(de)(de)(de)現象，破壞墻(qiang)體原有(you)結(jie)構，降低了整體工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量安(an)全。

三、建筑水電安裝施工過程的質量控制措施

1、重(zhong)視施工(gong)圖紙(zhi)的設計與審核

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)內(nei)(nei)容及要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)是(shi)在技(ji)(ji)術設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)基礎(chu)上進行詳細具體的(de)安(an)裝設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。根據建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)狀況使用需求(qiu)(qiu)及廠家(jia)提(ti)供的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)材料(liao)參數(shu)等(deng)基礎(chu)資料(liao)，組(zu)織水電專業進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)和(he)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)要(yao)符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)及行業相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)規范，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方案(an)要(yao)合(he)理(li)(li)，與相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)和(he)材料(liao)的(de)結構和(he)性能要(yao)協(xie)調一致，按要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)保(bao)質(zhi)、保(bao)量及時交付(fu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)審(shen)(shen)核(he)詳細審(shen)(shen)核(he)水電安(an)裝設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是(shi)技(ji)(ji)術準(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作一項重(zhong)要(yao)內(nei)(nei)容，可采取設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)單(dan)位內(nei)(nei)部審(shen)(shen)核(he)與建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位及監理(li)(li)單(dan)位的(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會審(shen)(shen)主要(yao)內(nei)(nei)容如下：①是(shi)否符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)及相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)技(ji)(ji)術政策和(he)規定；②查看(kan)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)是(shi)否合(he)理(li)(li)，本專業有(you)無(wu)矛(mao)盾(dun)，專業圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)互間有(you)無(wu)矛(mao)盾(dun)；③設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)是(shi)否符(fu)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術裝備(bei)條件(jian)，設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)尺寸及管(guan)井豎井尺寸樓板(ban)厚度是(shi)否滿足安(an)裝要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)；④查看(kan)使用的(de)材料(liao)品種規格(ge)數(shu)量是(shi)否符(fu)合(he)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)；⑤圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說明是(shi)否齊(qi)全、清楚明確；圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上尺寸、坐標(biao)標(biao)高及管(guan)線(xian)交叉(cha)連接點是(shi)否相(xiang)符(fu)；器具安(an)裝、設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)層(ceng)管(guan)線(xian)進戶做法；設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)層(ceng)及以上所(suo)有(you)墻(qiang)板(ban)預留洞(dong)套管(guan)是(shi)否缺少(shao)；各種試壓測試檢(jian)驗(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)是(shi)否明確等(deng)。

2、加強施工過程工序質量管理(li)

1）電氣配(pei)管質(zhi)量控制

鹼硅澆(jiao)注(zhu)應該在(zai)檢驗(yan)配管(guan)安(an)裝定位無(wu)誤之后，并配合土建鋼(gang)筋綁扎同時進(jin)(jin)行。砌(qi)體施工過程中，做好暗(an)配管(guan)和預埋盒、箱的(de)安(an)裝。在(zai)允許偏差范圍內(nei)進(jin)(jin)行開關盒、插座盒的(de)安(an)裝，保(bao)持(chi)盒口與(yu)墻面(mian)的(de)平齊和平整。在(zai)細節方面(mian)也要十分注(zhu)意，如套管(guan)兩端或管(guan)口接頭處不允許使用(yong)黑膠布(bu)纏繞等。

2）電(dian)氣配線質(zhi)量控制

 電氣配線要求(qiu)重視插座、螺口、燈頭(tou)、零(ling)(ling)線與相線接(jie)線，遵循左零(ling)(ling)右火和(he)上(shang)零(ling)(ling)下火的接(jie)地做法。線路(lu)的接(jie)口要求(qiu)設置在接(jie)線盒的內部，接(jie)頭(tou)用(yong)絕緣線纏繞，不要產生虛接(jie)的情況。

3）給(gei)排水(shui)管(guan)道暗(an)轉的質(zhi)量控制(zhi)

在管(guan)(guan)道(dao)安(an)裝中要(yao)(yao)(yao)避免(mian)倒坡，防(fang)止出(chu)現(xian)氣阻(zu)(zu)或水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)。對于地下(xia)埋(mai)設(she)的管(guan)(guan)道(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)先進行水(shui)壓試驗，達到設(she)計(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求才能夯(hang)實(shi)。高(gao)層建(jian)筑中的排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求設(she)置阻(zu)(zu)火圈或防(fang)火套管(guan)(guan)。各管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的連接(jie)要(yao)(yao)(yao)緊(jin)密(mi)防(fang)止水(shui)滲漏現(xian)象發生。

3、強化人員的培訓，提高人員的綜(zong)合素質

在(zai)水(shui)電安裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量管理(li)的控制(zhi)過程(cheng)中，施工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)應該定期組(zu)織(zhi)對施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員進行技能和(he)思(si)想政治(zhi)等方(fang)面的培訓工(gong)(gong)作，提高施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的整體素質和(he)技術水(shui)平，從(cong)而(er)降低安全事故的發生率，保(bao)證人(ren)民的財產生命安全。

4、完(wan)善監(jian)理機(ji)制，提高監(jian)理工(gong)作(zuo)水平

我們必須(xu)重視工(gong)程監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)所起到(dao)的重要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用，而水(shui)電監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程師的大量監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)基本上都是在施工(gong)過程中進(jin)行的，在工(gong)程的竣工(gong)階段，監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人員除了配合設計部(bu)門、質量監(jian)督部(bu)門以及建設部(bu)門等(deng)依次進(jin)行驗收外(wai)，還應該對這一階段的監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)行總結和分析，以便(bian)日后的監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)更加順利有效的開展。

結束語

總而言之，水電(dian)建(jian)筑安(an)裝(zhuang)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工質量(liang)關系到整個建(jian)筑工程(cheng) 的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，使建(jian)筑工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)得到提高，那么就必須提高水電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。對(dui)于(yu)目前水電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工中的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，相關的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工單(dan)位應(ying)該加以重視(shi)，在實踐中不(bu)斷總結經驗，找到相應(ying)有效的(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)(shi)，減少水電(dian)工程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，避免相應(ying)事故的(de)(de)(de)發生，讓(rang)人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)生活變(bian)得更加安(an)心。

參考文獻

[1]李雅欣.建筑水電安裝施(shi)工中質量(liang)控制措施(shi)[J].科學之友.2013年