導(dao)語：如(ru)何才能(neng)寫好一(yi)篇測(ce)繪工(gong)程(cheng)合同管(guan)理，這就需要搜集整理更(geng)多的資料和(he)文(wen)獻，歡迎閱(yue)讀(du)由公務員(yuan)之(zhi)家整理的十篇范文(wen)，供你借鑒(jian)。

篇1

1．1測繪工程系(xi)統控(kong)制和(he)質(zhi)量管(guan)理(li)的重(zhong)要(yao)性

測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)直接對測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)建設安全和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)產生重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，而且還(huan)對我國社會(hui)發展規劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學決策產生影響(xiang)，對于我國信息化建設與(yu)發展具有十分(fen)深遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義和(he)作(zuo)用。除(chu)此之(zhi)外(wai)，繪(hui)(hui)測(ce)(ce)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)單(dan)位進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、監督(du)、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容之(zhi)一，在測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展過程(cheng)中(zhong)發揮著積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。這主要(yao)是(shi)因為在《測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)法(fa)》中(zhong)明(ming)確提出了(le)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)系統(tong)(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)生產條件單(dan)位和(he)主管(guan)(guan)(guan)部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)職責，而且還(huan)是(shi)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)開展測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)作(zuo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決策依據(ju)，為測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)、監督(du)能(neng)(neng)力(li)以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高提供了(le)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障條件。因此，測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)生產單(dan)位以及主管(guan)(guan)(guan)部門(men)應該將系統(tong)(tong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為監督(du)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)重心，不(bu)斷完(wan)善制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，增強管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、監督(du)、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以及檢查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)度，并在工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)不(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)行(xing)創新，建設一支高素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)隊伍(wu)，從而使得測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)為我國社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)發展和(he)進(jin)(jin)步提供有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務。

1．2測(ce)繪工(gong)程系統(tong)控制和質量管(guan)理的必要性

測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用主要(yao)(yao)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)以下(xia)兩個方面，首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)(shi)“六(liu)(liu)”，所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六(liu)(liu)”主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)測(ce)量(liang)內(nei)外結合，數據(ju)會據(ju)此進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)自(zi)(zi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)和采集(ji)，對(dui)測(ce)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)智能化，對(dui)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息處理(li)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)可視化，并且在(zai)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播(bo)過(guo)(guo)程中提(ti)供資源共享;其次(ci)是(shi)(shi)“十(shi)六(liu)(liu)”，所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“十(shi)六(liu)(liu)”主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)迅速、及時、準確、可靠、集(ji)成、安(an)全(quan)、遙控(kong)(kong)、容易。近(jin)幾年來，我(wo)國對(dui)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)程進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調查，根據(ju)相(xiang)關調查報告的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)示，我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合格(ge)率(lv)已經達到95%左(zuo)右，這(zhe)說明，測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業發展(zhan)(zhan)迅速，測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)質量(liang)不斷提(ti)高。但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)社會發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中，雖然我(wo)國經濟取得了顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，但是(shi)(shi)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭卻越來越激烈(lie)。因此，測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)人員應該不斷提(ti)高自(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業知識和專業技術，提(ti)高工(gong)作效率(lv)，保(bao)障測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)質量(liang)，從而促(cu)進(jin)自(zi)(zi)身在(zai)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好發展(zhan)(zhan)。

二、測繪(hui)工程的系統控制和(he)質量(liang)管理現狀

目(mu)前(qian)，大多(duo)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)一(yi)般都(dou)屬(shu)于(yu)自(zi)測(ce)自(zi)用(yong)，從(cong)而(er)會很容易造(zao)成測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)缺乏有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督和(he)(he)制(zhi)約(yue)。雖然現(xian)(xian)在(zai)有(you)一(yi)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)單(dan)位(wei)建設(she)了(le)(le)(le)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)，但是(shi)(shi)還(huan)存在(zai)著很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷(xian)和(he)(he)問(wen)題，無法確切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，從(cong)而(er)導致了(le)(le)(le)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)品與各個工(gong)程(cheng)環節出現(xian)(xian)脫軌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象。甚至有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)單(dan)位(wei)沒(mei)有(you)設(she)置關于(yu)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機構(gou)，即便是(shi)(shi)設(she)置了(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也如同虛設(she)，沒(mei)有(you)發揮(hui)出其監督、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。除此(ci)之外，還(huan)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)單(dan)位(wei)招聘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擔(dan)任系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)不高(gao)，沒(mei)有(you)從(cong)業資格等，從(cong)而(er)在(zai)很大程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)降低了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)作效率(lv)，影響測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。其實，想(xiang)要提高(gao)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作水平(ping)和(he)(he)效率(lv)，如果(guo)僅僅只是(shi)(shi)單(dan)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依靠測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量(liang)是(shi)(shi)遠遠不夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，還(huan)需(xu)要依靠來(lai)自(zi)于(yu)社會各個領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量(liang)進(jin)行制(zhi)約(yue)和(he)(he)監督，從(cong)而(er)才能在(zai)最大程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)促進(jin)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。

三、測繪工(gong)程的(de)系統控制(zhi)和質量管理(li)改革途徑

3．1加(jia)強前期工作優化(hua)

在測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之前，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)單位應該盡最(zui)大的(de)努(nu)力加強前期工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)準備和優(you)化，例(li)如(ru)做好測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)環境條件、設備選擇、所需材料(liao)以及地理(li)位置等。在獲得相關的(de)真實(shi)信息后，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)應該結合(he)(he)(he)編(bian)制測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)方(fang)案、規劃及其相關技術等進(jin)行嚴格的(de)檢查(cha)，審查(cha)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)方(fang)案是否具有實(shi)施(shi)性，從而確保(bao)符合(he)(he)(he)國家相關的(de)行業標準和要求。同時，根(gen)據實(shi)際的(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)特征(zheng)建立一系(xi)列合(he)(he)(he)理(li)有效的(de)系(xi)統控制、質量(liang)管理(li)以及檢驗查(cha)收制度等，落實(shi)質量(liang)管理(li)和系(xi)統控制的(de)責任，明確工(gong)(gong)(gong)作目標、分工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)作，保(bao)障(zhang)整(zheng)個測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)達到(dao)標準。

3．2健全質量管理機制

質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)從本(ben)質(zhi)(zhi)上來(lai)說其(qi)實就是(shi)一個概念(nian)(nian)性的(de)(de)(de)體系(xi)，其(qi)由一系(xi)列相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)(nian)所組成(cheng)。質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)包(bao)含著許多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，例如質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)體系(xi)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)成(cheng)本(ben)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)方針、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監督、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計劃(hua)等。為了保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)測繪工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)順利實施，就需要(yao)不斷完善質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，例如進(jin)度(du)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、激勵機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以及制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，從而(er)實現工(gong)(gong)程目(mu)標。同時，還(huan)需要(yao)將系(xi)統控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)資格(ge)審查(cha)(cha)認(ren)證(zheng)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)工(gong)(gong)作有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合起來(lai)，并將結(jie)果內(nei)容(rong)作為測繪工(gong)(gong)程單位資格(ge)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)依據。

3．3強化測(ce)繪(hui)控制的管理

想要(yao)強化測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)控制(zhi)的管理(li)，就需要(yao)健全(quan)和(he)完善管理(li)控制(zhi)系統(tong)，努(nu)力提(ti)(ti)高(gao)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)(zhi)量檢查(cha)工(gong)作的水平(ping)和(he)效(xiao)率，盡力改善測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)效(xiao)率。抓住測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)程(cheng)的系統(tong)控制(zhi)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)的科學性、公平(ping)性、獨立(li)性等特點(dian)，不(bu)僅(jin)能夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)水平(ping)，使(shi)其為社會提(ti)(ti)供優質(zhi)(zhi)的服務，而(er)且還能完善和(he)規范測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)生產(chan)單位的生產(chan)。

3．4注重質量管理要點(dian)

質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理要點(dian)應(ying)(ying)該設(she)置在人員、設(she)備、數(shu)(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)過程中，只(zhi)有(you)同時(shi)滿足這三大要素(su)，才能(neng)充分(fen)保(bao)障測繪(hui)工程的(de)(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理效率(lv)。在測繪(hui)工程數(shu)(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)的(de)(de)階段(duan)，其質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理應(ying)(ying)該具備以(yi)下三個功能(neng)，檢(jian)查(cha)已知數(shu)(shu)據、檢(jian)查(cha)控制數(shu)(shu)據、檢(jian)查(cha)地形(xing)(xing)方面圖形(xing)(xing)以(yi)及(ji)比(bi)較瑣碎的(de)(de)部分(fen)數(shu)(shu)據。同時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)該根(gen)據實際情況，對地形(xing)(xing)元素(su)的(de)(de)采(cai)集(ji)、處理、編輯以(yi)及(ji)控制網的(de)(de)分(fen)布設(she)置建立臨時(shi)管(guan)(guan)理點(dian)。

3．5完善相關規章制度

篇2

關鍵詞：測繪工(gong)程；質量(liang)監理；質量(liang)控制

一 引言

隨著中(zhong)(zhong)國市場經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)不斷發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)完善，測(ce)繪(hui)生(sheng)產技術和(he)管(guan)理(li)取(qu)得(de)了較大的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)。測(ce)繪(hui)行業(ye)(ye)作為地(di)理(li)信(xin)息產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分，在國民經(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作用越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)重要，測(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)技術和(he)管(guan)理(li)也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)復雜(za)。特(te)別(bie)在一(yi)些大中(zhong)(zhong)型測(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)，原(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分質量管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)已(yi)明(ming)顯不能適(shi)應(ying)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)要求。國內建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)是從20世(shi)紀80年(nian)代開始起步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)管(guan)理(li)和(he)監督的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)務內容也逐步(bu)(bu)擴充到包括進(jin)行項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行性研究(jiu)、質量控制(zhi)、資金控制(zhi)、進(jin)度控制(zhi)、合同管(guan)理(li)以及(ji)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)和(he)協調工(gong)(gong)(gong)作等。目(mu)前，中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)已(yi)經(jing)逐步(bu)(bu)建(jian)立了一(yi)套相對完善的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監督體系(xi)。

二 測繪工程質量(liang)監督的必要性

測(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)程屬于知(zhi)識密(mi)集、技(ji)術密(mi)集型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地理(li)信息(xi)建設項(xiang)目。隨(sui)著社(she)會經(jing)濟建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，對測(ce)繪(hui)信息(xi)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)大，要求也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)高。目前，一些大中型(xing)(xing)測(ce)繪(hui)項(xiang)目投入達數(shu)百萬(wan)至(zhi)千萬(wan)元(yuan)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)上億的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型(xing)(xing)項(xiang)目，在市場經(jing)濟條件(jian)和科學技(ji)術高速發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，無論是(shi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜程度，還是(shi)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)周期、組織管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難度都是(shi)空(kong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果再按(an)原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行測(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)，已經(jing)難以保證(zheng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和順利完成。

現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)繪質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)，主要還是沿用計劃(hua)經濟(ji)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式，雖然有(you)各種質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)環節(jie)，但主要是生產單位的(de)(de)(de)內部質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，缺少外部的(de)(de)(de)、專業化的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監控(kong)(kong)。一(yi)些較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題有(you)時(shi)到了最后驗收時(shi)才發(fa)現(xian)，此(ci)時(shi)已難(nan)以處理(li)(li)(li)(li)，給投(tou)資方和承建方都會帶來較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，而且責任也難(nan)以界定。在測(ce)(ce)繪工程(cheng)項目的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)上，引入工程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)念(nian)進行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)勢在必行(xing)(xing)。目前，國(guo)家測(ce)(ce)繪行(xing)(xing)政主管(guan)部門開始在一(yi)些國(guo)家基礎測(ce)(ce)繪項目管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)進行(xing)(xing)監理(li)(li)(li)(li)試點(dian)，并加對建立測(ce)(ce)繪監理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)調(diao)查(cha)和研究(jiu)。

三(san) 測繪(hui)工程的質(zhi)量監理

測繪工(gong)程(cheng)質量監理(li)的(de)中心(xin)任務(wu)就(jiu)是要(yao)對工(gong)程(cheng)質量目標(biao)實(shi)施有效地協(xie)調(diao)控(kong)制。筆(bi)者根(gen)據國家(jia)現行(xing)法(fa)規、技術規范，參考建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)規范，結合近年來(lai)完成的(de)一些重點測繪工(gong)程(cheng)質量監理(li)工(gong)作，進行(xing)了一些探索和歸(gui)納總結。

3．1測繪工程質量監理的內容

3．1．1生產組織(zhi)管理(li)的監理(li)

1)評審(shen)項目(mu)合同(tong)是(shi)否符合國(guo)家的有(you)關法律、法規。

2)項(xiang)目(mu)承擔單位是否建(jian)立或明(ming)確(que)了(le)項(xiang)目(mu)管理(li)(li)機構；是否指(zhi)定了(le)項(xiang)目(mu)負(fu)責人、技術負(fu)責人、質量(liang)負(fu)責人，負(fu)責項(xiang)目(mu)的組織管理(li)(li)、技術管理(li)(li)、質量(liang)管理(li)(li)工作。

3)檢查(cha)參加項目的(de)各類人員(yuan)是(shi)否進(jin)行過必要的(de)技(ji)術(shu)培(pei)訓，組織學習技(ji)術(shu)規定、技(ji)術(shu)設計(ji)和有關的(de)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準。

4)質量(liang)檢驗人員是否掌握項目采用的技術(shu)路線、技術(shu)標準、工藝流程和(he)作業方法。

5)項目管理(li)人(ren)員是否經常(chang)深入作(zuo)業現場(chang)進行(xing)技術指導和過程(cheng)檢查，對發現的(de)問(wen)題是否能及時(shi)處理(li)。

6)檢查生產進(jin)度計劃完(wan)成情(qing)況，能否按合同規定或計劃提交成果。

3．1．2基礎資料和參考資料的收集、使用情況

1)項目采用(yong)的各(ge)種資料是否進(jin)行了分析(xi)，能(neng)否充分的利(li)用(yong)已有成果(guo)資料。

2)重(zhong)點對使用資料的合法(fa)性(xing)、可靠性(xing)、規(gui)范(fan)性(xing)進行監理檢查。

3．1．3生產過程的監理

1)是(shi)否在(zai)項目施工(gong)前編寫了專業(ye)技術設計(ji)書(shu)，設計(ji)書(shu)的(de)內(nei)容(rong)的(de)完整性(xing)、科學性(xing)，是(shi)否按規定進行了審核和批準。

2)各階段的(de)實施方案是否(fou)(fou)可行，能(neng)否(fou)(fou)完成預(yu)期的(de)目標。

3)采用的技(ji)術路線是否正確，作(zuo)業(ye)方(fang)法是否符合設計(ji)和(he)有關技(ji)術規(gui)定要求。

4)數據采(cai)集(ji)和處理(li)是否能滿足(zu)要(yao)求(qiu)，數據驗算是否滿足(zu)規定，格(ge)式是否正確。

5)各個生產工序的成(cheng)果是(shi)否(fou)達到有關技術要求(qiu)，技術問題處理(li)的合理(li)性(xing)，工作(zuo)進展是(shi)否(fou)按要求(qiu)的時間完成(cheng)。

6)采用(yong)的(de)硬件設備和軟(ruan)件是否可靠(kao)有效，是否經過檢校或鑒定。

3．1．4質量(liang)控制的監(jian)理

1)生產單(dan)位(wei)各級的(de)質量管理、質檢機構的(de)落(luo)實情(qing)況(kuang)，有無明確的(de)質量責任人(ren)。

2)過(guo)程檢查和最終檢查是(shi)否有(you)效實施(shi)。

3)最終檢(jian)查是(shi)否(fou)(fou)進(jin)行了(le)質量評定(ding)，對質量缺(que)陷處理是(shi)否(fou)(fou)合理。

3．1．5項目(mu)結(jie)束時的監理

1)是否按合(he)同、技術(shu)設計要求(qiu)完成整(zheng)個(ge)項目。

2)各種成果資料是(shi)否完整、說明清楚。

3．2監理(li)的過程及方法(fa)

1)生產(chan)實(shi)施過程中的監理(li)，采用查(cha)詢管理(li)文件、技術(shu)文件、談話等(deng)形式對生產(chan)組織、人員資質(zhi)、作業(ye)方法(fa)、過程質(zhi)量控制(zhi)、數據質(zhi)量檢(jian)驗等(deng)進行驗證。

2)對已(yi)完(wan)成的(de)各個(ge)工序(xu)進行檢(jian)查(cha)，采用室內檢(jian)查(cha)與現場巡視抽(chou)查(cha)相結合，檢(jian)查(cha)作業人員是(shi)否(fou)按規定進行作業。

3)監(jian)理檢(jian)查驗(yan)收制度(du)的落實情(qing)況及其有效性。可采取調閱檢(jian)查記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)，確認(ren)檢(jian)查記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)是否符合規定的要(yao)求。確認(ren)檢(jian)查驗(yan)收是否按規定進行(xing)、各級檢(jian)驗(yan)人員(yuan)的資格(ge)，以(yi)及是否在(zai)相關的檢(jian)驗(yan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)和(he)檢(jian)驗(yan)報告書上簽(qian)名以(yi)示負責。

4)一些(xie)對質量(liang)有重(zhong)要影響(xiang)的質量(liang)特性，如(ru)數學基礎、數學精(jing)度(du)等，應采用高精(jing)度(du)的儀器進行(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)，計算和統計出檢(jian)測(ce)精(jing)度(du)。

5)每項監(jian)理內容完成后(hou)，及時做(zuo)好各項記錄(lu)，就監(jian)理情況通報建(jian)設方(fang)(fang)和承建(jian)方(fang)(fang)，對存在的問題進行協商處(chu)理。

6)監理工作(zuo)完(wan)成后，應及時編寫質量(liang)監理報告，報項目建設方。

3．3質量監理工(gong)作的流程

測繪工(gong)程項(xiang)目質(zhi)量監理的工(gong)作流(liu)程，見圖(tu)1。

圖1 測繪(hui)工程項(xiang)目質量監(jian)理工作流程圖

四 質量監理(li)過程中應注意的問題

1)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監理工作只是判定項目實施過程中與相關標準的(de)(de)符合性，不做最終(zhong)產品(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)評定。質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監理工作不能代替生(sheng)產單位內(nei)部(bu)必須的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)，也不能代替最終(zhong)的(de)(de)檢(jian)查(cha)驗收(shou)。

2)參(can)加質量監(jian)理的(de)機構必須按(an)有關規定獨(du)立工作，在質量監(jian)理工作中(zhong)做到獨(du)立性、公正性和科學性，并承擔相應(ying)的(de)責任。

3)進行測(ce)繪(hui)工程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)監理，對監理人(ren)員(yuan)(監理工程(cheng)師)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合素質(zhi)要(yao)求較高(gao)。除了要(yao)具備較高(gao)的(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)專業(ye)(ye)技術水平、良好的(de)(de)職業(ye)(ye)道德外，還必須(xu)熟悉一定的(de)(de)測(ce)繪(hui)生產管(guan)理、法律法規等方(fang)面的(de)(de)知識。

4)目(mu)前(qian)，對測(ce)繪工(gong)程(cheng)的質(zhi)量監(jian)理屬于(yu)探索階(jie)段和開始起步階(jie)段，缺乏(fa)測(ce)繪工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量管理方面的一些(xie)具(ju)體規(gui)定和實施(shi)辦法。在具(ju)體的實施(shi)過程(cheng)中，應根(gen)據測(ce)繪工(gong)程(cheng)的類(lei)型(xing)、專業特點，參(can)照(zhao)現行的工(gong)程(cheng)建設監(jian)理規(gui)范編寫質(zhi)量監(jian)理實施(shi)方案。

五 結束語

篇3

【關鍵詞】監理；使用權；確權登記

0 概述

工(gong)程建(jian)設監理(li)(li)是改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放新時(shi)代賦予測繪(hui)科技工(gong)作者的(de)一項嶄新的(de)工(gong)作領域，它(ta)必(bi)須具備扎(zha)實(shi)的(de)測繪(hui)工(gong)程理(li)(li)論知(zhi)識和(he)(he)較強的(de)解(jie)決實(shi)際問題(ti)的(de)能力，還需要具備一定的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)學、經(jing)濟學和(he)(he)法(fa)學等(deng)學科方面(mian)的(de)知(zhi)識。監理(li)(li)工(gong)作在工(gong)程建(jian)設領域已經(jing)得(de)到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)，但在測繪(hui)和(he)(he)國(guo)土調查項目中還沒有得(de)到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)，全國(guo)測繪(hui)行業和(he)(he)國(guo)土調查行業大多根據各(ge)地市的(de)經(jing)濟情況來決定是否(fou)實(shi)施監理(li)(li)機(ji)制。

山(shan)西(xi)省國(guo)土(tu)資源廳分(fen)別在太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)市尖草(cao)坪區、大同市廣靈(ling)縣(xian)和(he)晉城(cheng)市陽城(cheng)縣(xian)進行山(shan)西(xi)省集體(ti)建(jian)設用地(di)和(he)宅基(ji)地(di)使用權(quan)確權(quan)登(deng)記(ji)發證試點工作(zuo)，獲得了豐富的(de)工作(zuo)經驗，其中太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)市國(guo)土(tu)資源局(ju)組建(jian)的(de)太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)市農村集體(ti)土(tu)地(di)確權(quan)登(deng)記(ji)發證監理部對(dui)試點過程(cheng)中的(de)權(quan)屬調(diao)查(cha)、地(di)籍測繪、數據庫建(jian)設、登(deng)記(ji)發證等工序(xu)進行全過程(cheng)監理監督(du)檢查(cha)，收到了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)效果。

1 確權登記發證工作監理的(de)核(he)心(xin)

根據工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監理(li)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)任務和(he)(he)國(guo)際監理(li)慣例(li)，工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監理(li)的(de)核(he)心內(nei)容(rong)是：三項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)標控(kong)(kong)(kong)制、兩項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管理(li)和(he)(he)一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)協(xie)調。其中三項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)標控(kong)(kong)(kong)制為投資控(kong)(kong)(kong)制、進度控(kong)(kong)(kong)制、質量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制；兩項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)管理(li)為合同管理(li)和(he)(he)信息(xi)管理(li)；一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)協(xie)調為組織協(xie)調。有效的(de)執行監理(li)的(de)核(he)心內(nei)容(rong)以(yi)保證建設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)圓(yuan)滿完(wan)成(cheng)，作為農村(cun)集體土地使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)確權(quan)(quan)登(deng)記發證工作同樣也適(shi)用(yong)于工程(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)監理(li)的(de)核(he)心內(nei)容(rong)。

2 監理機制(zhi)在(zai)確權登記發證目標控制(zhi)方面的實施研(yan)究

2.1 監理在投資(zi)控(kong)制方(fang)面的工(gong)作實施(shi)

山西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)土資源(yuan)廳已(yi)經(jing)對全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)集體建設用地和(he)宅基(ji)地使用權確權登記發證工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)費的(de)(de)情況按照山西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)基(ji)本(ben)情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了統一(yi)的(de)(de)部署，并提出了經(jing)費來源(yuan)的(de)(de)組成和(he)預算(suan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，監理在(zai)投資控制方面主要(yao)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)施工(gong)階(jie)段，核(he)(he)實已(yi)經(jing)完成的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)款(kuan)的(de)(de)簽證和(he)控制索賠，以及竣工(gong)階(jie)段的(de)(de)審(shen)核(he)(he)工(gong)程(cheng)結算(suan)等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。因(yin)此監理工(gong)程(cheng)師要(yao)對各個(ge)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)單(dan)位(wei)在(zai)各個(ge)時(shi)間節(jie)點完成的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)核(he)(he)實，并對完成的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)做出評價，并在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)度(du)款(kuan)撥付(fu)(fu)申請單(dan)上簽署意見，為業主單(dan)位(wei)做好工(gong)程(cheng)款(kuan)撥付(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)核(he)(he)查工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

2.2 監理在工(gong)期（進度）控制方面的(de)工(gong)作實施

在(zai)確權工(gong)作前期(qi)，業主單位、監理部(bu)要(yao)根據山西省(sheng)國土資源廳的統一工(gong)期(qi)要(yao)求并通過周密的分析，綜合(he)(he)(he)當地(di)的實(shi)際情況(kuang)(kuang)，研究確定合(he)(he)(he)理的工(gong)期(qi)目標(biao)，并在(zai)施工(gong)前將工(gong)期(qi)要(yao)求納入承包合(he)(he)(he)同，要(yao)求各測量單位根據工(gong)期(qi)目標(biao)合(he)(he)(he)理調整人員、設備、機具等的投入情況(kuang)(kuang)。

圖(tu)1 2013年太原(yuan)市農村集體土(tu)地使(shi)用權整體進度示意(yi)圖(tu)（2013.11.18）

表1 各縣市區使用權(quan)本年進度表及本周增長率（2013.11.18）

表(biao)2 各標段使用權進度周(zhou)報表(biao)（2013.11.18）

在(zai)確權(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，監(jian)理(li)部要通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對測量單(dan)位技術實(shi)(shi)力、人(ren)力資源(yuan)投入情(qing)況(kuang)、當(dang)地(di)土地(di)權(quan)利人(ren)的整體(ti)配合情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行認真仔細的分析和研究(jiu)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)運籌學、網絡(luo)計(ji)(ji)劃技術等科學手段(duan)，審查(cha)、修改施(shi)工(gong)組(zu)織設計(ji)(ji)和進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)計(ji)(ji)劃。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)跟蹤檢查(cha)、發現(xian)實(shi)(shi)際進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)偏(pian)離(li)計(ji)(ji)劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)，應及時要求作(zuo)業(ye)單(dan)位及時采取(qu)措施(shi)，采取(qu)計(ji)(ji)劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)目標的實(shi)(shi)現(xian)。并(bing)(bing)根據需要召(zhao)開進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)協(xie)調會，分析研究(jiu)影響進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)的各種因(yin)素，研究(jiu)需要采取(qu)的處(chu)理(li)措施(shi)。在(zai)太(tai)原(yuan)市集體(ti)土地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)確權(quan)監(jian)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)主要產(chan)生并(bing)(bing)統計(ji)(ji)三個(ge)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)的統計(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)格：××市農村集體(ti)土地(di)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)整體(ti)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)示意圖(tu)、各縣市區(qu)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)本(ben)年度(du)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)表(biao)(biao)(biao)及本(ben)周增長(chang)率、各標段(duan)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)周報表(biao)(biao)(biao)，主要統計(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)格樣式見上表(biao)(biao)(biao)（圖(tu)）。

通過這(zhe)三(san)個表的統計核查比較，能有(you)效(xiao)的掌握市級、縣(xian)級以及(ji)各標段(duan)作(zuo)業(ye)隊伍(wu)的詳細進度(du)情(qing)況(kuang)，通過整體的把握能有(you)的放矢的對整個確(que)權(quan)項(xiang)目進行(xing)有(you)效(xiao)的掌控，并及(ji)時調整偏離值，采取有(you)效(xiao)的措施，全(quan)面保證各縣(xian)區的工作(zuo)得到按時完成。

2.3 監理(li)在質量控制方(fang)面的工作實施(shi)

質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制要(yao)貫穿于整個(ge)確權登記發(fa)證工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)始終，主要(yao)包括組織設(she)計方案評比，通(tong)過審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)單位(wei)(wei)資質、技術(shu)人員資質、測量(liang)(liang)(liang)設(she)備檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定證書等前(qian)期的(de)(de)資格審(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)；在施工(gong)過程(cheng)中通(tong)過重要(yao)技術(shu)復(fu)核，工(gong)序(xu)(xu)操作(zuo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，工(gong)序(xu)(xu)成果(guo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，監(jian)督標(biao)準、規范的(de)(de)貫徹狀況；通(tong)過階(jie)段驗收和竣工(gong)驗收把好質量(liang)(liang)(liang)關。對于太原市的(de)(de)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)監(jian)理(li)部(bu)對內業進(jin)(jin)行(xing)全面檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，并(bing)對外(wai)業工(gong)作(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)不少6%的(de)(de)隨(sui)機抽查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，對重點(dian)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)點(dian)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)重點(dian)核實、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)和檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測，并(bing)做好檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)。現場需要(yao)填寫并(bing)計算各項中誤(wu)差(cha)主要(yao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)表(biao)(biao)格為(wei)：控(kong)制點(dian)精度(du)(du)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)（外(wai)業檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)）、解析界址點(dian)點(dian)位(wei)(wei)精度(du)(du)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)（外(wai)業檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)）、宗(zong)地(di)(di)草圖精度(du)(du)界址點(dian)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)（室(shi)外(wai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)）、界址點(dian)與鄰(lin)近地(di)(di)物(wu)點(dian)關系距(ju)(ju)離檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)（外(wai)業檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)）、地(di)(di)籍圖界之間(jian)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)誤(wu)差(cha)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)（室(shi)內/外(wai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)）、圖上(shang)地(di)(di)物(wu)點(dian)電位(wei)(wei)精度(du)(du)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)記錄(lu)表(biao)(biao)（室(shi)內/外(wai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)）等等。通(tong)過以上(shang)各項精度(du)(du)統計，來對測量(liang)(liang)(liang)成果(guo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)分析比較，并(bing)編寫監(jian)理(li)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)報(bao)告，對質量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)中存(cun)在的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，以及問(wen)題(ti)存(cun)在的(de)(de)原因進(jin)(jin)行(xing)有效的(de)(de)分析，并(bing)提出(chu)整改和提高的(de)(de)意見。

表3

3 監理(li)機(ji)制在確權(quan)登記(ji)發證(zheng)合同(tong)和信息管理(li)中的應用

3.1 合同管理

合(he)同(tong)(tong)是參與(yu)(yu)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)各方在平等(deng)(deng)地位的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下簽訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)法規性文(wen)件，各方必須嚴格遵(zun)照執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，因此，合(he)同(tong)(tong)是監理單(dan)位站在公正立場(chang)上采取各種控(kong)制(zhi)、協調(diao)與(yu)(yu)監督措施、履(lv)行(xing)(xing)糾(jiu)紛(fen)調(diao)解職責的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)。合(he)同(tong)(tong)管(guan)理是進(jin)行(xing)(xing)投(tou)資控(kong)制(zhi)、工期控(kong)制(zhi)和質量控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要手段，監理工程師要對合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簽訂與(yu)(yu)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)，合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變更、解除和終止，合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糾(jiu)紛(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決，以(yi)及(ji)工程項目合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)索賠(pei)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)(tong)管(guan)理。

3.2 信息管理

對工(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實(shi)施全面(mian)規劃和動(dong)(dong)態控制(zhi)，需要處理(li)大量(liang)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)，處理(li)時要求(qiu)時間短(duan)、速度快、準(zhun)確，這樣才(cai)能及(ji)時提供相關的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)決(jue)策信(xin)息(xi)。監理(li)部要及(ji)時的(de)處理(li)來自業主、各(ge)施工(gong)單位、土地權利(li)人、政府等發面(mian)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)，對各(ge)方的(de)信(xin)息(xi)進行分析綜合，始終(zhong)以進度控制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標和質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)目(mu)(mu)標為基礎(chu)，實(shi)時有(you)效(xiao)的(de)調整來自各(ge)方的(de)問(wen)題信(xin)息(xi)，使各(ge)方信(xin)息(xi)都(dou)成為解決(jue)實(shi)際工(gong)作問(wen)題、推(tui)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)作開展、提高工(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)力量(liang)，是(shi)各(ge)方的(de)利(li)益得到有(you)效(xiao)的(de)統(tong)一和滿(man)足。

因(yin)此監理(li)(li)部在(zai)信息(xi)管理(li)(li)方面工作如何的(de)開展和處理(li)(li)顯得(de)尤為(wei)重要，做(zuo)得(de)好(hao)(hao)能使確權工作得(de)到又(you)快(kuai)又(you)好(hao)(hao)的(de)推(tui)進，否(fou)則，將適得(de)其反。

4 工程(cheng)項目監理(li)的組(zu)織協調

協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)是管理的(de)重(zhong)要職能，其目(mu)的(de)就(jiu)是通(tong)過協(xie)(xie)商和溝通(tong)，取得一(yi)致，齊(qi)心協(xie)(xie)力(li)，保證(zheng)項目(mu)目(mu)標的(de)實現(xian)。工程(cheng)組織協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)內容有人際關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、組織關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、公共(gong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、配合關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)、運輸關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)等。工程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)主要方式包括激(ji)勵(li)、交際、批評(ping)、會(hui)議(yi)與(yu)會(hui)談、報表計劃與(yu)技術報告(gao)等。

在(zai)太原市確權(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中，主要通(tong)(tong)過(guo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)日(ri)志、定(ding)(ding)(ding)期監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)會議、過(guo)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)檢查報告(gao)制(zhi)度(du)(du)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)報告(gao)制(zhi)度(du)(du)等各項措施有效進(jin)行了(le)組(zu)織(zhi)協(xie)(xie)調，還(huan)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)《監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)通(tong)(tong)報》（周(zhou)報）定(ding)(ding)(ding)期通(tong)(tong)報監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)情況(kuang)(kuang)，市、縣的(de)(de)整體(ti)工作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)展情況(kuang)(kuang)，以及各標(biao)段(duan)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)情況(kuang)(kuang)，并且(qie)還(huan)對各標(biao)段(duan)施工單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)先進(jin)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)經驗及時的(de)(de)在(zai)《監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)通(tong)(tong)報》進(jin)行推廣(guang)學(xue)習，使(shi)10個縣區的(de)(de)各個作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)得(de)到整體(ti)的(de)(de)提高(gao)，同時太原市確權(quan)辦(ban)的(de)(de)各級領導(dao)也能及時的(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)工作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)展情況(kuang)(kuang)和(he)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)(kuang)，使(shi)業(ye)主、土地權(quan)利人、作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)四(si)方的(de)(de)關(guan)系更加的(de)(de)融洽(qia)、和(he)諧(xie)。組(zu)織(zhi)協(xie)(xie)調關(guan)系見(jian)下圖：

圖2

5 總結

在(zai)集體建設用地(di)(di)和宅(zhai)基地(di)(di)使用權(quan)(quan)確(que)權(quan)(quan)登記發證工作中引(yin)入監理(li)(li)機制，通過“三項目(mu)標控制、兩項管理(li)(li)和一項協調”的(de)(de)系統規范(fan)的(de)(de)實施，能(neng)夠有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)控制進度目(mu)標和質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)標，為(wei)廣大(da)土地(di)(di)權(quan)(quan)利人(ren)(ren)匯交一份高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、高標準的(de)(de)確(que)權(quan)(quan)登記成果(guo)資料(liao)，廣大(da)土地(di)(di)權(quan)(quan)利人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)切身利益也能(neng)得到有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)保障(zhang)。同時在(zai)土地(di)(di)確(que)權(quan)(quan)中廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)引(yin)入監理(li)(li)機制，對提(ti)高權(quan)(quan)屬(shu)調查和地(di)(di)籍測繪成果(guo)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)能(neng)起到很大(da)的(de)(de)推動(dong)和促進作用。

【參考文獻】

[1]孔祥元(yuan).測(ce)繪工程(cheng)監(jian)理學[M].武漢大學出(chu)版(ban)社，2005.

[2]山(shan)西省(sheng)農村集體(ti)土地(di)確權登記發(fa)證工(gong)作領(ling)導小組辦公室.農村集體(ti)土地(di)確權登記發(fa)證工(gong)作資料匯編[M].山(shan)西：2012.

篇4

關鍵詞: 測繪工程質(zhi)量控制測繪成果的(de)校審

中圖分類(lei)號： P2文獻標識碼： A

測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設獲(huo)取(qu)基礎數據的(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段，測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理質(zhi)量水平直接關系到建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)成本、質(zhi)量、工(gong)(gong)期管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)效果(guo)，因此，分(fen)析測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)主要內容，圍繞影(ying)響(xiang)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)相(xiang)關因素，采取(qu)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理措施，對提(ti)(ti)高測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)整體質(zhi)量水平，保證整個建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)全、穩定施工(gong)(gong)運行(xing)具有十分(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)意義。旨(zhi)在對測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理與控制措施方面,提(ti)(ti)供一些建設性(xing)的(de)(de)建議(yi),為相(xiang)關的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)實踐提(ti)(ti)供指導和(he)幫助。

目前，我國的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)繪工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)合(he)格率還(huan)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較高的(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)或多或少的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)問題。像跟國家衡量(liang)標準不(bu)相符合(he)的(de)(de)(de)；技術方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)資料總(zong)是(shi)(shi)有缺陷；圖(tu)紙不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)(bao)證其準確性等。在(zai)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)控制這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，測(ce)量(liang)單位基本上是(shi)(shi)有自己的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)做法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)，就是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作人員把(ba)測(ce)繪的(de)(de)(de)結果和(he)成(cheng)圖(tu)作一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)校對，然后再進行(xing)相關的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查以(yi)及驗收(shou)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)管理方(fang)(fang)式是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)適應于目前的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會現(xian)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)，目前測(ce)繪工(gong)(gong)程在(zai)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)壯大，而且水平(ping)也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)太一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)有些(xie)(xie)比(bi)較大型的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程里(li)需(xu)要很(hen)多作業隊(dui)伍(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)作業的(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)隊(dui)伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)作業方(fang)(fang)法(fa)又是(shi)(shi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)，從而，不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)確保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)整體質量(liang)。下(xia)(xia)面幾點就是(shi)(shi)所存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)質量(liang)問題：

三 、質量管(guan)理(li)與控(kong)制

質量目標 。

松坡電站(zhan)測繪工程的(de)(de)(de)質量目(mu)標是滿足各專業所需的(de)(de)(de)測繪成(cheng)果(guo)資料的(de)(de)(de)準確 ,符(fu)合(he)(he)相關的(de)(de)(de)國家規范規程,控制(zhi)精度 ,節約成(cheng)本 ,杜(du)絕(jue)不(bu)合(he)(he)格產品的(de)(de)(de)產生,達到零返(fan)工率。

控制測量(liang)的質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)。

松(song)(song)坡電(dian)站(zhan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理可(ke)分為(wei)已知點數據(ju)(ju)校(xiao)核(he)(he)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)優(you)化設計(ji)(ji)、內(nei)業計(ji)(ji)算、外(wai)業觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)和實(shi)地(di)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)五個(ge)階(jie)段。松(song)(song)坡電(dian)站(zhan)己知控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)位(wei)于A測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個(ge)聯測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)了(le)四等水準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) D 級GPS控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點,投影面(mian)與1954年北京坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系相(xiang)同而建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系統(tong)(tong),高程是(shi)(shi)(shi)1956年黃海高程基準(zhun)。己知點數據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)核(he)(he)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)對這(zhe)三(san)個(ge)已知點用(yong)(yong)RTK進(jin)行(xing)了(le)獨(du)立基線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang),又(you)用(yong)(yong)全站(zhan)儀(yi)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)平距(ju)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang) ,用(yong)(yong)水準(zhun)儀(yi)進(jin)行(xing)高差(cha)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang),能過(guo)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)得知這(zhe)三(san)個(ge)己知點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平面(mian)和高程精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)滿足起算要求。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)包(bao)括 GPS網(wang)設計(ji)(ji)和水準(zhun)網(wang)設計(ji)(ji)。GPS控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)設計(ji)(ji)依據(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《全球定位(wei)系統(tong)(tong)(GPS)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)規范GB/T18314一2001》。設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導思想(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在滿足精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上 ,盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)少人力(li)、物力(li)、財力(li)。網(wang)形(xing)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)獨(du)立觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)邊構成閉(bi)合圖(tu)形(xing),如多邊形(xing)、三(san)角形(xing)或(huo)附合線路,以(yi)增加檢(jian)核(he)(he)條件,提(ti)高網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing),相(xiang)鄰(lin)點間基線向量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du),應分布均(jun)勻。一方(fang)面(mian)要有(you)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多余(yu)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce),以(yi)提(ti)高觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)成果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)與精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)。另一方(fang)面(mian)要考慮經(jing)濟問題,目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在于縮短野外(wai)作業時間 ,節約(yue)資金 ,使測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)指標(biao)達到最優(you)。同時還必須(xu)考慮各(ge)待(dai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點位(wei)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)和各(ge)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)時段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立性(xing)(xing)。松(song)(song)坡電(dian)站(zhan)GPS控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)首級網(wang)布設E等網(wang),加密控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)RTK快(kuai)速靜(jing)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)方(fang)法,以(yi)星形(xing)布設。圖(tu)根(gen)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)全站(zhan)儀(yi)支導線方(fang)法測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。水準(zhun)網(wang)布設成一條五等閉(bi)合水準(zhun)路線。外(wai)業觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)應嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)各(ge)項(xiang)操作規程并做(zuo)好相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄。內(nei)業計(ji)(ji)算必須(xu)做(zuo)好各(ge)項(xiang)檢(jian)查,校(xiao)核(he)(he),審查等工(gong)作。實(shi)地(di)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)各(ge)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)區(qu)內(nei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平距(ju)用(yong)(yong)全站(zhan)儀(yi)復測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)一遍 ,與GPS控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)平差(cha)結(jie)果中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平距(ju)相(xiang)比(bi)較 ,或(huo)者用(yong)(yong) RTK實(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce) GPS控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干個(ge)點,檢(jian)查是(shi)(shi)(shi)否符(fu)合要求。

其它測繪(hui)的質量管理(li) 。

松(song)坡電站測繪(hui)(hui)工(gong)程中(zhong)的(de)碎部測量,線(xian)路測量,施工(gong)放樣(yang)等(deng)的(de)質量管理關鍵是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)入無誤、操作正確(que)、輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)合格(ge)。測繪(hui)(hui)過程通(tong)過自查、校核、審查進行(xing)控制,消除測繪(hui)(hui)產品標識記(ji)(ji)錄、數(shu)據輸(shu)(shu)入、數(shu)據計算、數(shu)據輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)和繪(hui)(hui)圖中(zhong)的(de)差錯(cuo),防(fang)止不合格(ge)品出(chu)現。所有《測繪(hui)(hui)記(ji)(ji)錄》均應(ying)按照(zhao)表(biao)格(ge)欄目規定執行(xing)。測繪(hui)(hui)過程輸(shu)(shu)入輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)編目、圖、表(biao)格(ge)數(shu)值等(deng)均有標識和可追溯性。

測繪成果的校審。

測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)成果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)審(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、審(shen)(shen)查(cha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、批準人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)除應(ying)(ying)(ying)執行(xing)(xing)《勘測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)考評與獎(jiang)懲辦法(fa)》、《各(ge)級(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)質(zhi)量(liang)職責(ze)規(gui)(gui)定 》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)定外,還應(ying)(ying)(ying)分別履行(xing)(xing)以下職責(ze):①校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)認真研究(jiu)采用(yong)方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)經(jing)濟合理性(xing)(xing)。校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)(dui)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、計(ji)(ji)算數(shu)(shu)據(ju)和結論(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確性(xing)(xing)承擔主要(yao)責(ze)任(ren)。校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)逐(zhu)(zhu)句、逐(zhu)(zhu)字、逐(zhu)(zhu)個(ge)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、逐(zhu)(zhu)個(ge)圖(tu)層、逐(zhu)(zhu)個(ge)地物、逐(zhu)(zhu)張圖(tu)進行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)對(dui)(dui),以確保(bao)正確無誤。經(jing)過(guo)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)應(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合技術(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求和規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)、規(gui)(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定 ,并(bing)保(bao)證(zheng)相關(guan)(guan)圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)、圖(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)與設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)書內(nei)容完全一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。經(jing)過(guo)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)無技術(shu)必錯誤和一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)性(xing)(xing)錯誤。②作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(繪(hui)(hui)圖(tu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、儀器(qi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等 )對(dui)(dui)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、計(ji)(ji)算數(shu)(shu)據(ju)與結論(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確性(xing)(xing)負責(ze)。在提交(jiao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)前(qian),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)自檢與自校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)按校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)審(shen)(shen)者(zhe)意見對(dui)(dui)所(suo)提交(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)進行(xing)(xing)修改或(huo)補充,如果意見不一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi),可(ke)報請上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裁(cai)定。③審(shen)(shen)查(cha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理性(xing)(xing)進行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha),并(bing)對(dui)(dui)主要(yao)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)進行(xing)(xing)抽(chou)查(cha)。經(jing)過(guo)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)應(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)無原則(ze)性(xing)(xing)錯誤,符(fu)合技術(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,并(bing)保(bao)證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)與相關(guan)(guan)專業(ye)協(xie)調(diao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。審(shen)(shen)查(cha)者(zhe)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、基本結論(lun)(lun)與方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)信性(xing)(xing)負責(ze)。④批準人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)使(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)滿足勘測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容和深度要(yao)求 ,國家(jia)技術(shu)經(jing)濟政策、上級(ji)主管部門有關(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)定或(huo)顧客在技術(shu)合同(tong)中(zhong)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)定。批準人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)使(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)符(fu)合測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)規(gui)(gui)范和技術(shu)合同(tong)中(zhong)所(suo)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求,對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)總體方(fang)(fang)案及原則(ze)性(xing)(xing)結論(lun)(lun)負主要(yao)責(ze)任(ren)。測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序為(wei):校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)核(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批準共三步(bu)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(儀器(qi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、繪(hui)(hui)圖(tu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等 )對(dui)(dui)自檢認為(wei)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) ,經(jing)本人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)簽署欄內(nei)簽名后,即(ji)可(ke)將產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)提交(jiao)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)審(shen)(shen)。測(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)成果分級(ji)劃分為(wei)三個(ge)級(ji):即(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、二級(ji)、三級(ji)。其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)簽署為(wei):一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)簽署到總工(gong)(gong)(或(huo)分管院長 ) ;二級(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)簽署到副總工(gong)(gong); 三級(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)簽署到作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)組(zu)長。

近幾年來 ,國(guo)內(nei)一批重點工(gong)程項目(mu)引入質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li) ,對工(gong)程的順利(li)實施和質量(liang)起(qi)到了重要的作(zuo)用 ,充分體現了質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)在(zai)測繪工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的重要性 。隨(sui)著國(guo)家測繪管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)的建立(li) ,測繪工(gong)程的管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)范圍將擴展到對項目(mu)的可行(xing)性研究、進(jin)度控制(zhi)、資金控制(zhi)、合同管(guan)理(li)(li)(li),將有效(xiao)的促進(jin)測繪事(shi)業的健康持續發展 。

參考文獻:

[ 1 ] GB50319 - 2000,建(jian)設工程管理規范(fan)[ S ].

[ 2 ]李(li)(li)立清 ,李(li)(li)文利. 建沒(mei)工(gong)程(cheng)管理 [M ]. 北京 :機(ji)械工(gong)業出版社,2001.43

[3] 謝日(ri)輝(hui).深入探討房產測繪管(guan)理(li)的新思路[J].科技(ji)資(zi)訊.2009(30)

[4] 趙麗芳(fang).房產測繪的質量管理[J].企業導報(bao).2011(01)

篇5

關鍵詞：投資控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)；質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)；監理流(liu)程；合同管理

一(yi)、工程建設(she)監(jian)理(li)在建設(she)工程投資前期決(jue)策中的(de)作用(yong)

1.有利(li)于提高建設工程投資決策科學化水平

在(zai)建設(she)單位(wei)委托工(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)企業(ye)實(shi)施全方位(wei)全過程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)條件下，在(zai)建設(she)單位(wei)有(you)(you)了初步的(de)(de)項目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)意向之后，工(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)企業(ye)可(ke)協助建設(she)單位(wei)選(xuan)擇適(shi)當的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)咨(zi)詢(xun)機構，管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)咨(zi)詢(xun)合同(tong)的(de)(de)實(shi)施，并對咨(zi)詢(xun)結果進行評(ping)估提(ti)(ti)出有(you)(you)價值的(de)(de)修(xiu)改(gai)意見和建議；或者直接(jie)從事工(gong)程(cheng)咨(zi)詢(xun)工(gong)作(zuo)，為建設(she)單位(wei)提(ti)(ti)供建設(she)方案。這(zhe)樣(yang)不僅可(ke)使(shi)項目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)符(fu)合國家經濟發(fa)展(zhan)規劃、產(chan)業(ye)政策、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)方向，而且可(ke)使(shi)項目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)更加符(fu)合市場需(xu)求。工(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)企業(ye)參(can)與或者承擔項目(mu)決策階(jie)段的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，有(you)(you)利于提(ti)(ti)高項目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)決策的(de)(de)科學(xue)水平(ping)，避免項目(mu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)決策的(de)(de)失誤，也(ye)為實(shi)現建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)綜(zong)合效益(yi)最大化(hua)打下了良好的(de)(de)基礎(chu)。

2、有利于實(shi)現(xian)建設工程(cheng)投(tou)資效益(yi)最(zui)大化(hua)

在(zai)滿足建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和質量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)的前提(ti)下(xia)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投(tou)資額最(zui)少；在(zai)滿足建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工程(cheng)預定功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和質量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)的前提(ti)下(xia)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工程(cheng)壽(shou)命(ming)周期費用(yong)最(zui)少；建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工程(cheng)本身的投(tou)資效益(yi)與環境、社會(hui)效益(yi)的綜(zong)合效益(yi)最(zui)大化。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)監理在(zai)這樣(yang)的關系中尋求一個平衡(heng)點來控(kong)制各(ge)項使(shi)得綜(zong)合效益(yi)最(zui)大化。

利用(yong)國(guo)內外的(de)市(shi)場、有關企(qi)事業(ye)單位(wei)和(he)行(xing)業(ye)主管部門等(deng)(deng)，建設(she)監(jian)理協(xie)助(zhu)建設(she)單位(wei)去搜集項目(mu)(mu)建設(she)、生產(chan)運(yun)營等(deng)(deng)各方面所(suo)必需的(de)信(xin)息資(zi)(zi)料和(he)數據。對項目(mu)(mu)產(chan)品(pin)未來(lai)市(shi)場供(gong)應和(he)需求信(xin)息進(jin)行(xing)定性(xing)(xing)與定量的(de)分(fen)析。同時(shi)也在(zai)調查資(zi)(zi)料的(de)基礎(chu)上針(zhen)對項目(mu)(mu)的(de)建設(she)規模、產(chan)品(pin)規格、場址、工藝(yi)、工藝(yi)設(she)備(bei)、總圖、運(yun)輸、原材料、環境(jing)保護、公用(yong)工程(cheng)和(he)輔(fu)助(zhu)工程(cheng)等(deng)(deng)提出備(bei)選方案(an)，進(jin)行(xing)比較論證優化來(lai)推(tui)出具體方案(an)。這種從環境(jing)、財(cai)務、國(guo)民經濟、社會(hui)以到風(feng)險評價分(fen)析就可(ke)以得出環境(jing)的(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)、經濟的(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)、社會(hui)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)和(he)抗(kang)風(feng)險能力。根(gen)據一系列(lie)的(de)調查、研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、評估以及可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)告要(yao)(yao)求的(de)深度匯(hui)編(bian)成項目(mu)(mu)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)告。這些工作的(de)確(que)立就明確(que)的(de)顯現(xian)出建設(she)工程(cheng)監(jian)理的(de)必要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)和(he)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)。

一旦確立建設(she)項目就(jiu)全面進入了工(gong)程建設(she)時期，這時建設(she)工(gong)程監(jian)理(li)也(ye)就(jiu)進入了重(zhong)要的(de)角色重(zhong)點參與了合同管理(li)、工(gong)程設(she)計、具體施工(gong)和驗收(shou)工(gong)作。這就(jiu)是所謂的(de)監(jian)理(li)流程：

這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)范(fan)疇也(ye)正是(shi)我(wo)國建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理(li)所重點(dian)體現的作(zuo)用范(fan)圍，這(zhe)也(ye)正是(shi)工(gong)(gong)程管理(li)中的重中之重。參與的這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)關(guan)系到國計民(min)生(sheng)、關(guan)系到建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程的質量和長(chang)期效益同(tong)時也(ye)規(gui)范(fan)著建筑市場的良性(xing)發展。

二、工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設(she)監(jian)理在建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程合同管(guan)理中的(de)作用(yong)

1、合(he)同管理職(zhi)能所體現出(chu)來工(gong)程建設監(jian)理的合(he)同管理的作(zuo)用

合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)確定工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)價格(成本)、工(gong)(gong)期和質量(功能)等目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)，規定著(zhu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙方(fang)責(ze)權利關系。所(suo)以(yi)建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理對(dui)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)管(guan)理必然是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理的(de)核心。廣義地說，建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)實施(shi)和管(guan)理全(quan)(quan)部工(gong)(gong)作都可(ke)以(yi)納入合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理的(de)范(fan)圍。合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理貫穿(chuan)于工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實施(shi)的(de)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實施(shi)的(de)各個放面(mian)。它作為其它工(gong)(gong)作的(de)指(zhi)南，對(dui)整(zheng)個項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)實施(shi)起(qi)總控制和總保證作用。在現代工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，沒有合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)意(yi)識則(ze)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)整(zheng)體目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)不(bu)明；沒有合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理，則(ze)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理難以(yi)形成系統，難以(yi)有高效(xiao)率。

1．1工(gong)程項目管(guan)理(li)以合同(tong)管(guan)理(li)作為起(qi)點。進入項目首先(xian)作合同(tong)分析，監理(li)以它控(kong)制著整個工(gong)程項目管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作。

1．2合(he)同(tong)管理具有(you)管理職能和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程。監(jian)理通過(guo)合(he)同(tong)分析、合(he)同(tong)資(zi)料、合(he)同(tong)網絡、合(he)同(tong)實施(shi)控制和(he)索賠管理等工(gong)作(zuo)來使(shi)之(zhi)形成一(yi)個完整的合(he)同(tong)管理子系(xi)統。

2、工(gong)程建設監理在協調工(gong)程參與各方合同關系時所起(qi)到的作用

在市場經濟中(zhong)，合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用和(he)地位(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目，標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大、履行時間長、協調關(guan)系(xi)多(duo)，合(he)(he)同(tong)尤為重要(yao)。包(bao)括建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、勘察(cha)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、咨詢單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、材料(liao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備供應(ying)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)等都依(yi)靠合(he)(he)同(tong)確立相(xiang)互之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)。一(yi)旦建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)將(jiang)整個工(gong)(gong)程委托于建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)那么監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)要(yao)對建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些合(he)(he)同(tong)進行管理(li)(li)。業主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)(yu)承包(bao)商(shang)在工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)合(he)(he)同(tong)爭(zheng)議是(shi)(shi)(shi)難免(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情，這時，作(zuo)為第(di)三方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)應(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動協調解(jie)(jie)(jie)決，達(da)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)致時請第(di)三方(fang)(fang)(fang)調解(jie)(jie)(jie)解(jie)(jie)(jie)決，而當調解(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，則需通(tong)過仲裁或(huo)訴訟最終解(jie)(jie)(jie)決。因此，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程師在專用條(tiao)款中(zhong)應(ying)與(yu)(yu)雙方(fang)(fang)(fang)明(ming)確約定共同(tong)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調解(jie)(jie)(jie)人(ren)，以及最終解(jie)(jie)(jie)決合(he)(he)同(tong)應(ying)采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式，根(gen)據(ju)索賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據(ju)，嚴格按(an)照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約定，公正地判明(ming)責(ze)任方(fang)(fang)(fang)。在這里(li)必須注意(yi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)索賠(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)立條(tiao)件(jian)：與(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)（下轉第(di)87頁）（上接第(di)84頁）合(he)(he)同(tong)對照，已造成(cheng)(cheng)承包(bao)商(shang)超出施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)外支出，或(huo)由于業主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)期延誤；不(bu)(bu)屬(shu)于承包(bao)商(shang)應(ying)承擔責(ze)任；承包(bao)商(shang)按(an)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序，提交了索賠(pei)意(yi)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)知和(he)索賠(pei)報告。另外，監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程師在審(shen)核索賠(pei)條(tiao)款時，還(huan)應(ying)認真審(shen)核對某(mou)一(yi)事件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響可(ke)能(neng)涉及到承包(bao)商(shang)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)、承包(bao)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取費標(biao)準是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)正確合(he)(he)理(li)(li)、以及分(fen)清總價合(he)(he)同(tong)與(yu)(yu)單(dan)價合(he)(he)同(tong)之間是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)有出入等項(xiang)目。從而保(bao)證了各自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益與(yu)(yu)項(xiang)目管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功。在商(shang)品經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會里(li)，只(zhi)有工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)按(an)照合(he)(he)同(tong)管理(li)(li)并一(yi)切從合(he)(he)同(tong)出發(fa)(fa)，才(cai)能(neng)保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。

三、工程建設監(jian)理(li)在信息管(guan)理(li)中所體現出的作用

建設(she)工程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)的(de)主(zhu)要方法是(shi)控(kong)制，控(kong)制的(de)基(ji)礎是(shi)信(xin)息(xi)，信(xin)息(xi)管理(li)是(shi)工程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)任(ren)務的(de)主(zhu)要任(ren)務內容(rong)之一。及時掌(zhang)握(wo)準確、完整的(de)信(xin)息(xi)，可以使監理(li)工程(cheng)(cheng)更(geng)能靈活把(ba)握(wo)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)各(ge)方面(mian)情況。這樣保證了(le)監理(li)任(ren)務的(de)順(shun)利完成(cheng)。

篇6

本系統(tong)(tong)主要有二(er)個方面的內容：一是(shi)日常(chang)事(shi)務(wu)管理；二(er)是(shi)業務(wu)事(shi)務(wu)管理，本系統(tong)(tong)采用B/S體系架(jia)構(gou)，服務(wu)器(qi)運(yun)行(xing)只需在服務(wu)器(qi)端起動系統(tong)(tong)相應服務(wu)，客房端運(yun)行(xing)IE瀏覽器(qi)，訪(fang)問服務(wu)器(qi)端地址和端口，即可(ke)運(yun)行(xing)。具體技術使(shi)用ASP+IIS，ASP類似于PHP技術，開(kai)發簡(jian)便，快速(su)，加上(shang)IIS的功能(neng)支持，是(shi)比較簡(jian)易快速(su)的開(kai)發技術。

服務器以Windows Server 2003 為操作系(xi)統，MS Access為數據庫(ku)，IIS實現Web。

辦公(gong)自(zi)動化(hua)系統需求分(fen)析

辦公自(zi)動化系(xi)(xi)統的建立(li)，需(xu)(xu)要進行(xing)用戶需(xu)(xu)求調查與分(fen)析，以確定(ding)系(xi)(xi)統目(mu)標。主要包括：

（一(yi)）個(ge)性化(hua)設置(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)需求，包括個(ge)人(ren)資料(liao)設置(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，密碼設置(zhi)以及個(ge)人(ren)事務(wu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)設置(zhi)等。

（二）不同(tong)角(jiao)色(se)用戶功能需(xu)求，可根(gen)據(ju)其對應的角(jiao)色(se)在系統中的授權(quan)在頁(ye)面上(shang)進行(xing)信息、數據(ju)錄入、數據(ju)刪除、數據(ju)查詢等工作。

（三）在線(xian)辦公功能需求，主要有內部公文、個人(ren)記事、業務(wu)信(xin)息管理(li)、業務(wu)工作(zuo)流、考(kao)勤管理(li)等系統功能。

（四(si)）其他功(gong)能需求，具(ju)有數據庫備份和恢(hui)復功(gong)能。

二、系統功能設計

我(wo)單位(wei)職工較少(shao)、規(gui)模較小(xiao)，其(qi)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)動(dong)化系(xi)統的(de)功能也(ye)有其(qi)自(zi)身的(de)特色，不僅包(bao)括(kuo)單位(wei)日常(chang)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)常(chang)用(yong)功能，還(huan)包(bao)括(kuo)日常(chang)辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)許多(duo)小(xiao)功能；同(tong)時還(huan)包(bao)括(kuo)部(bu)分業務辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)功能。

在充分進行(xing)用戶(hu)需求分析的基礎(chu)上(shang)把系統劃分為以下子系統：日常管(guan)(guan)理(li)分公文管(guan)(guan)理(li)、發文管(guan)(guan)理(li)、人力管(guan)(guan)理(li)、考勤管(guan)(guan)理(li)、通(tong)告(gao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，業(ye)務事(shi)務則為工作動(dong)態、合(he)同管(guan)(guan)理(li)、證書管(guan)(guan)理(li)，另(ling)外(wai)還包括用戶(hu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、權限設(she)置和系統幫(bang)助（如(ru)下圖一）。

圖一

（一）公(gong)(gong)文管理(li)功(gong)能相(xiang)當于(yu)郵(you)件的(de)功(gong)能，系統內部(bu)人(ren)員收發內部(bu)文件，并保存文件至已收公(gong)(gong)文，但公(gong)(gong)文的(de)刪除功(gong)能要授(shou)權。

（二）發文管(guan)理功能主要(yao)用于審核、、管(guan)理紅頭文件。

（三）人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源管理功能包括(kuo)人(ren)事檔(dang)案(an)、資(zi)(zi)料(liao)檔(dang)案(an)、獎懲檔(dang)案(an)和工資(zi)(zi)檔(dang)案(an)等(deng)管理。

（四(si)）考(kao)勤管理(li)功能(neng)是用以記錄(lu)職工(gong)上下班時間，同時可以獲取(qu)考(kao)勤人員的(de)IP地址(zhi)和(he)物理(li)地址(zhi)。

（五）通告管理功能實現向全站職工通知的(de)功能。

（六）工作動態管理(li)功能是用于各業(ye)務部門(men)實現對本部門(men)項(xiang)目的管理(li)。

（七）合同管理功(gong)能用(yong)于各業務部(bu)門對簽訂的合同進行管理。

（八）證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)管理功(gong)能(neng)是對各種證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)包括注冊測繪師證(zheng)(zheng)、技能(neng)鑒定考評(ping)員證(zheng)(zheng)、競(jing)賽裁(cai)判員證(zheng)(zheng)、測繪質檢(jian)員證(zheng)(zheng)、儀(yi)器(qi)檢(jian)定員證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)進行管理。

（九）用戶管理(li)功能是對登錄(lu)系統的每個用戶的用戶名、密碼、職(zhi)務、部(bu)門等信息進行管理(li)。

（十）權(quan)限(xian)設置是實現對每(mei)個用戶進入系統(tong)后(hou)相關權(quan)限(xian)進行管理(li)(li)的功能(neng)，在本系統(tong)中，系統(tong)管理(li)(li)員可(ke)以修改任何(he)用戶的權(quan)限(xian)。

（十一）系(xi)統幫助(zhu)功能用于幫助(zhu)指導系(xi)統的(de)使用。

三、系統實現

（一）登錄模塊實現(xian)

登(deng)錄模(mo)塊是整個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)入口，不同(tong)用戶登(deng)錄系(xi)(xi)統后，具有不同(tong)的(de)操作和管理權限。

（二）辦公(gong)功能實(shi)現

系統(tong)的辦(ban)公功能以工作記事為(wei)例(li)。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)記(ji)事(shi)以(yi)日(ri)歷(li)的形(xing)式顯示(shi)，每個(ge)人可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到自己的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)記(ji)事(shi)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到別人的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)記(ji)事(shi)。在日(ri)歷(li)上(shang)(shang)單擊(ji)某天就(jiu)能(neng)增加工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)記(ji)事(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)由自己安排記(ji)錄(lu)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)由上(shang)(shang)級(ji)指派(pai)。上(shang)(shang)級(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)給一個(ge)人指派(pai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)給多個(ge)人指派(pai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。

（三）業務功能實現(xian)

系統(tong)的業務(wu)功能以儀器檢驗為(wei)例(li)。

儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)檢驗(yan)從填寫(xie)收發單(dan)（如圖二），到出(chu)具檢驗(yan)報告（如圖三(san)），到儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)檢驗(yan)信(xin)息查詢(xun)（如圖四），實現(xian)了儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)檢驗(yan)的無(wu)紙化辦公。

圖二 圖三

圖四

證書號由(you)程序(xu)自動生成，同(tong)時生成對應(ying)的序(xu)列號，用以防偽。同(tong)時我們(men)把這些(xie)儀器證書的信息在我們(men)單位的網(wang)站(zhan)，方便大家(jia)在網(wang)上查詢儀器證書的真偽。

四、結束語

本文通過一(yi)個采用B/S結構(gou)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)辦公(gong)自動化系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)實例分析了(le)我單(dan)位辦公(gong)自動化系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)設計與實現。采用這種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)辦公(gong)自動化系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)簡化了(le)客戶端電(dian)腦載(zai)荷。減輕了(le)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)維護與升級的(de)(de)(de)成本和(he)工(gong)作量。降(jiang)低(di)了(le)總體(ti)成本，使不(bu)同(tong)人員(yuan)從不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)、以(yi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)訪(fang)問(wen)和(he)操(cao)作共同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據庫(ku)，能有效地保護數(shu)據平(ping)臺和(he)管理訪(fang)問(wen)權限。對于本系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)來(lai)說，還有許(xu)多(duo)地方(fang)需要(yao)進一(yi)步改進，會在以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作中不(bu)斷研(yan)究完善。

參考文獻

[1]王晶(jing) SQL Server2000管理與(yu)應用開發教(jiao)程(cheng) 北京：人民郵電出(chu)版社，2009.

[2]李(li)青 Java高級語(yu)言程序設計(ji) 北(bei)京：北(bei)京郵電(dian)大學出版社，2009.

[3]李長樹.辦(ban)公(gong)自動化解決方案及應用剖析[M].計(ji)算機(ji)應用研究會，2000（7）：47-50.

[4]賴東鷹.辦公自動化(hua)系統的設計(ji)與實現(xian).廣東通信技術，2003（10）：41-44.

篇7

關鍵詞：注冊測繪(hui)(hui)師；測繪(hui)(hui)管理與法律法規；教學改革(ge)

中圖分類號：G642.0？搖 文(wen)獻標志碼：A 文(wen)章編號：1674-9324（2013）40-0037-02

注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)制度(du)(du)是世界多數(shu)國家和(he)(he)地(di)區通行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)基本測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)制度(du)(du)。我國的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)制度(du)(du)于2007年建立，2011年4月首(shou)屆全(quan)國注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)格(ge)考試成(cheng)功舉行(xing)，標志(zhi)著這一制度(du)(du)進(jin)入常規(gui)實(shi)施階段[1]。我國的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)制度(du)(du)要(yao)求參(can)加考試的(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)必(bi)須具(ju)備一定的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，并且要(yao)同時通過《測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)綜合能力》、《測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)與法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)》和(he)(he)《測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)案例分析》科(ke)目的(de)(de)(de)考試，才能獲得注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)格(ge)。《測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)與法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)》是注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)制度(du)(du)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)一門重要(yao)考試科(ke)目，考察注(zhu)冊(ce)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)專業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員(yuan)在測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)中，運(yun)用法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準(zhun)解決(jue)實(shi)際(ji)問題的(de)(de)(de)能力。

注(zhu)冊測繪(hui)師(shi)制度的推行(xing)對(dui)測繪(hui)行(xing)業的發展起著指(zhi)導性的作用。目前(qian)社(she)會發展及(ji)注(zhu)冊測繪(hui)師(shi)制度要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)測繪(hui)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業的學生不僅有(you)扎實(shi)的測繪(hui)專(zhuan)業基(ji)本知識，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)較好的管(guan)理(li)和組(zu)織能力。本文針對(dui)注(zhu)冊測繪(hui)師(shi)制度的要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，強調《測繪(hui)管(guan)理(li)與(yu)法律(lv)法規》課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性，在對(dui)課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)特點研(yan)究(jiu)的基(ji)礎上(shang)，對(dui)教學內容(rong)及(ji)教學方法進行(xing)改革，并提出若(ruo)干建議(yi)。

 一(yi)、《測繪管理與(yu)法律法規》課(ke)程特點與(yu)教學現(xian)狀(zhuang)

（一）《測(ce)繪(hui)管理與法律法規(gui)》課程特點

1.《測繪管(guan)理與(yu)法(fa)律法(fa)規》是一(yi)門具有學(xue)科(ke)交叉性特(te)征的(de)(de)課程[2]。該課程涉及到測量學(xue)、法(fa)學(xue)、管(guan)理學(xue)、行(xing)政學(xue)等多個學(xue)科(ke)的(de)(de)內(nei)容，具有明顯的(de)(de)學(xue)科(ke)交叉性。本課程要求(qiu)學(xue)生不僅(jin)要具有基(ji)礎的(de)(de)測繪知(zhi)識，而且(qie)要具有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)人文素養。

2.《測(ce)(ce)繪管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)》是(shi)一門知識(shi)更新(xin)(xin)較快的(de)課程(cheng)。我國測(ce)(ce)繪法(fa)律制度的(de)不斷完善(shan)及注(zhu)冊測(ce)(ce)繪師制度的(de)建立，對測(ce)(ce)繪管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)規(gui)范化起到了巨大的(de)推動作(zuo)用。為了適應新(xin)(xin)形式的(de)需要(yao)(yao)，在《測(ce)(ce)繪管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)》的(de)教學過程(cheng)中，教師要(yao)(yao)緊跟時(shi)代的(de)發展，不斷加入新(xin)(xin)的(de)知識(shi)以(yi)更新(xin)(xin)原有的(de)教學內容(rong)。

3.《測(ce)繪(hui)管理與法律法規》是一門實踐性較強的(de)(de)課程。該課程在實踐中(zhong)具(ju)有很強的(de)(de)應用性，特(te)別是學習一些(xie)法律法規和標準規范(fan)為其他專業課程的(de)(de)學習奠定(ding)基礎，用所學內容能夠(gou)解(jie)決測(ce)繪(hui)管理中(zhong)遇(yu)到的(de)(de)實際問題。

（二）《測(ce)繪管理與法(fa)律法(fa)規》教學(xue)現狀

1.對課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)重視(shi)不(bu)足。測繪工程(cheng)(cheng)專業大多設置在以理工科為(wei)主的(de)高校(xiao)(xiao)或綜合(he)性大學(xue)里，課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)體系往(wang)往(wang)注重技(ji)術課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)輕視(shi)管理課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，對測繪法律(lv)法規、管理、社(she)會等(deng)方面的(de)知(zhi)識重視(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)(gou)，很多高校(xiao)(xiao)測繪工程(cheng)(cheng)專業沒有(you)開設《測繪管理與法律(lv)法規》相(xiang)關課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，有(you)些高校(xiao)(xiao)即(ji)使開設了相(xiang)關課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)，但(dan)也是選修課(ke)(ke)，課(ke)(ke)時(shi)安(an)排少，對課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)重要(yao)程(cheng)(cheng)度認識不(bu)夠(gou)(gou)，影響教(jiao)學(xue)效果。

2.教材(cai)陳舊(jiu)，不能(neng)滿(man)足現(xian)代(dai)(dai)教學的(de)基本要求。現(xian)代(dai)(dai)測(ce)繪新(xin)(xin)技術更新(xin)(xin)日新(xin)(xin)月異，測(ce)繪法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規也(ye)在不斷的(de)完善中。但是(shi)目前《測(ce)繪管理與法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規》課(ke)程的(de)教材(cai)不多，教材(cai)內容更新(xin)(xin)速(su)度慢，不能(neng)滿(man)足課(ke)程教學的(de)要求。

3.實踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)缺乏(fa)[3]。《測繪(hui)管理(li)與法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規》是(shi)一門(men)綜合性較強的(de)課程，只有(you)在實踐(jian)(jian)中才(cai)能(neng)夠培養學(xue)(xue)(xue)生組織管理(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)和分析(xi)解(jie)決問題(ti)的(de)能(neng)力(li)(li)。目前(qian)，《測繪(hui)管理(li)與法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規》課程一般沒有(you)設置實踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)環節，對實踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)重視不足。測繪(hui)工程專業的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生一般也沒有(you)系統學(xue)(xue)(xue)習過法(fa)律(lv)、管理(li)的(de)一些基本概念和基礎理(li)論，這樣(yang)就難以真正理(li)解(jie)和掌握(wo)各(ge)式各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規，具體如何(he)指導實踐(jian)(jian)，更無(wu)從談起。

二(er)、《測繪(hui)管理與法律法規》課程教學內容及教學方法的改革

（一(yi)）教學(xue)內容改革

《測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)與法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規》是(shi)注冊(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)制度要求的(de)(de)一門(men)核心課(ke)程，是(shi)建立在法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、管(guan)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、行政學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科基礎之上，綜(zong)合性較(jiao)強的(de)(de)一門(men)課(ke)程。該(gai)課(ke)程概括了(le)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)各(ge)個方面及(ji)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規，實(shi)踐指(zhi)導性較(jiao)強，掌握這些知識(shi)是(shi)社會及(ji)注冊(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)制度對測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)專業人才的(de)(de)基本要求。隨著測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規的(de)(de)完善及(ji)注冊(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)師(shi)制度的(de)(de)推行，其(qi)課(ke)程的(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容應(ying)適應(ying)新的(de)(de)形式。本文(wen)建議的(de)(de)理(li)論教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容主要包括十(shi)章(zhang)，其(qi)中第(di)(di)一章(zhang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規概述(shu)，2學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)二章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)資(zi)質資(zi)格和(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)權利保(bao)障，2學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)三章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)項目(mu)和(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)市場管(guan)理(li)制度，2學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)四章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)基準，測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)系統及(ji)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)標準化管(guan)理(li)，4學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)五(wu)章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)成(cheng)果管(guan)理(li)制度，4學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)六章(zhang)其(qi)他測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)，2學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)七章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)項目(mu)合同管(guan)理(li)，4學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)八(ba)章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)項目(mu)設(she)計，組織與實(shi)施(shi)，6學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)九章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)技術總結，4學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)；第(di)(di)十(shi)章(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)品檢查(cha)驗收，2學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)。理(li)論共32學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)。

《測(ce)繪(hui)管理與(yu)法律(lv)法規》設(she)置單獨的實(shi)踐教學(xue)，主(zhu)要內容及學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)為：（1）違(wei)法測(ce)繪(hui)案件調查及處(chu)理，4學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；（2）測(ce)繪(hui)項目標(biao)書(shu)的撰(zhuan)寫，2學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；（3）測(ce)繪(hui)合同的訂(ding)立(li)，2學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；（4）測(ce)繪(hui)工程(cheng)技(ji)術設(she)計書(shu)的編(bian)(bian)寫，2學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；（5）測(ce)繪(hui)技(ji)術總結(jie)(jie)（含項目總結(jie)(jie)和專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術總結(jie)(jie)）的編(bian)(bian)寫，2學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；（6）測(ce)繪(hui)工程(cheng)經(jing)費的預、決算，2學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；（7）測(ce)繪(hui)產品檢查驗收方(fang)案的設(she)計，2學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。實(shi)踐共(gong)16學(xue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。

（二）教(jiao)學方法改革

《測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)(li)與(yu)法律(lv)法規》課程(cheng)理(li)(li)論教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)主要(yao)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)多媒體(ti)(ti)等現代(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法與(yu)傳統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方法相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)，在理(li)(li)論教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中注意與(yu)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)、與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)課程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)。在對測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)法律(lv)法規的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中多采用(yong)(yong)(yong)案例(li)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)法、討論教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)法以激發學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)熱情。在對測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中可結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)具體(ti)(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)例(li)，使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)身臨其(qi)境，深刻領(ling)會(hui)。課程(cheng)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)可以使學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)成為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)主體(ti)(ti)，自己(ji)去調查(cha)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)法律(lv)法規在測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)(li)中的(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，以一個具體(ti)(ti)的(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)項(xiang)目為(wei)例(li)，指(zhi)導學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)完成標書(shu)撰(zhuan)寫，合(he)(he)(he)同訂(ding)立(li)，技術設(she)計、總結(jie)(jie)(jie)，經費預決算，測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)產品(pin)檢(jian)查(cha)驗收等各(ge)個環節。

三(san)、《測繪管(guan)理(li)與法律法規》教學建(jian)議

1.編寫(xie)內容完整且(qie)(qie)實(shi)用的(de)教材(cai)。《測繪(hui)管(guan)理(li)與(yu)法律法規》是一門(men)綜合性的(de)交叉課(ke)程，但是目(mu)前(qian)可供選(xuan)擇的(de)教材(cai)不多(duo)，特別是我國實(shi)行注冊測繪(hui)師制度以后，對測繪(hui)人才的(de)管(guan)理(li)能力提出了更高的(de)要(yao)求，編寫(xie)內容完整且(qie)(qie)實(shi)用的(de)教材(cai)是當務之急。

2.充分(fen)重視《測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)管理(li)與(yu)(yu)法(fa)律法(fa)規》課(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)學，將其(qi)調整(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)專(zhuan)業必修課(ke)。目(mu)前很(hen)多高(gao)校測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)工程(cheng)專(zhuan)業《測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)管理(li)與(yu)(yu)法(fa)律法(fa)規》課(ke)程(cheng)定位(wei)于專(zhuan)業選修課(ke)，甚(shen)至部分(fen)學校沒有開(kai)設這(zhe)門課(ke)程(cheng)，但(dan)是注冊(ce)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)師(shi)制度(du)對(dui)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)人才的(de)管理(li)能力提出了更高(gao)的(de)要求。高(gao)校應(ying)順(shun)應(ying)注冊(ce)測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)師(shi)制度(du)的(de)要求，調整(zheng)(zheng)課(ke)程(cheng)體系，充分(fen)重視《測(ce)(ce)繪(hui)管理(li)與(yu)(yu)法(fa)律法(fa)規》課(ke)程(cheng)的(de)教(jiao)學，在(zai)條件(jian)允(yun)許的(de)情況下可將其(qi)調整(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)專(zhuan)業必修課(ke)。

3.增加(jia)(jia)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)環(huan)節(jie)。《測(ce)繪管理(li)與(yu)法律法規》不是一門(men)純理(li)論教(jiao)學(xue)的(de)課程(cheng)，實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)是一個不可缺少的(de)環(huan)節(jie)。可根(gen)據上(shang)述(shu)實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)的(de)內容，將實(shi)踐(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)作為一個獨立的(de)教(jiao)學(xue)環(huan)節(jie)，加(jia)(jia)強理(li)論和實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)結合(he)，同時加(jia)(jia)強理(li)論知識在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)中的(de)應用。

四、結束語

隨著我(wo)國注冊測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)師制度的(de)推行及社(she)會(hui)的(de)發展，對測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)專業人才(cai)(cai)的(de)培養提(ti)出(chu)了更(geng)高的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)人才(cai)(cai)不僅要(yao)(yao)具有(you)扎(zha)實的(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)專業知識，更(geng)要(yao)(yao)熟悉測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)法律法規，依法從事測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)活(huo)動，具有(you)較(jiao)高測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)能力。因此《測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)管(guan)理(li)與法律法規》課程教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)改(gai)革是非常必要(yao)(yao)的(de)，要(yao)(yao)對該課程的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)充分重視，及時編寫合適的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)材，增(zeng)加實踐教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)環(huan)節(jie)，培養出(chu)適應現代測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)技術和管(guan)理(li)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)測(ce)繪(hui)(hui)復合型人才(cai)(cai)。

參考文獻：

[1]林(lin)娜，王斌，潘國(guo)(guo)兵，等(deng).注冊測繪(hui)(hui)師制(zhi)度下測繪(hui)(hui)工程專業(ye)人才(cai)培(pei)養改革探索[J].中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電力教(jiao)育，2013，（11）：21-22.

[2]余(yu)旭，王國輝，張(zhang)興福.測(ce)繪(hui)工程(cheng)專業“測(ce)繪(hui)管理”課(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)學探討(tao)[J].測(ce)繪(hui)科(ke)學，2011，36（4）：263-265.

[3]秦巖賓.測(ce)繪(hui)工(gong)程專業(ye)《測(ce)繪(hui)管理基礎》教學(xue)改(gai)革探討(tao)[J].地(di)礦測(ce)繪(hui)，2004，20（3）：45-47.

篇8

Abstract: In this paper, the main points of construction supervision work and important role in detail.

Keywords: project management; management; role

中(zhong)圖分類號(hao)：U415.1前言

監(jian)理(li)受業主(zhu)的(de)(de)委托(tuo)以合(he)同(tong)為依據，對(dui)工程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)實(shi)施進(jin)行監(jian)督與管理(li)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)監(jian)理(li)任務的(de)(de)核心，從根本上(shang)講沒(mei)有(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)監(jian)理(li)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)監(jian)理(li)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保證，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)必要(yao)手段。在工程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設(she)中要(yao)使監(jian)理(li)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)成效(xiao)，就(jiu)必須堅持控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)序化、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化和科學化。

1、堅持控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)化是做好監(jian)理控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的前提(ti) 施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段的監(jian)理程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)是在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)基礎上(shang)(shang)形成的，嚴(yan)格執行監(jian)理程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)就能(neng)(neng)使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中各主(zhu)要(yao)環節、主(zhu)要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)處于(yu)受控(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)(tai)，只有在受控(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)(tai)下才(cai)能(neng)(neng)把握住施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中活動脈搏，適時(shi)發現(xian)問(wen)題及時(shi)解決問(wen)題。 例如，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前須按監(jian)理規定程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)報送開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)申請書及相關(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術文件，經(jing)監(jian)理批準(zhun)后(hou)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)個程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)無(wu)疑強(qiang)化了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建單(dan)位充分做好開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前各項準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，同時(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)理的正(zheng)確意見被采納(na)吸收，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)事前控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中堅持工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)(yan)收程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，即上(shang)(shang)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)沒經(jing)監(jian)理檢(jian)查(cha)驗(yan)(yan)收，下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)不能(neng)(neng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)個程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)在受控(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)(tai)，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)事中單(dan)元質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)出現(xian)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)事故(gu)，事故(gu)處理程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)理事后(hou)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。從這(zhe)個事前、事中、事后(hou)全過(guo)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)可(ke)以看(kan)出，它(ta)反映了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)規律、順序(xu)(xu)，它(ta)制(zhi)(zhi)約了(le)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)系(xi)統的行動，保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)主(zhu)要(yao)環節，主(zhu)要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)處于(yu)受控(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)(tai)。

2、堅(jian)持標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)做(zuo)好控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)項目(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)一(yi)般歸(gui)納為(wei)“形(xing)(xing)象”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、“現場(chang)”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)“文檔”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三大標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內(nei)容。 “形(xing)(xing)象”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)是(shi)把(ba)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)組織機(ji)構、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)宗旨、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)職(zhi)責、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)程(cheng)(cheng)序、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)值班制(zhi)、承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)商質量(liang)體系等都要(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)象形(xing)(xing)式(shi)展示(shi)出來，以(yi)(yi)利(li)(li)從形(xing)(xing)象上(shang)就(jiu)一(yi)目(mu)了然(ran)了解(jie)(jie)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概貌。“現場(chang)”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，就(jiu)是(shi)預控(kong)(kong)、過程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)，復驗(yan)和(he)(he)(he)簽認等都有(you)(you)(you)(you)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)序、統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)崗位(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)責和(he)(he)(he)相關統(tong)一(yi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，統(tong)一(yi)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)表(biao)，做(zuo)到每天有(you)(you)(you)(you)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)日(ri)記、每周有(you)(you)(you)(you)協調會議紀要(yao)(yao)(yao)，每月有(you)(you)(you)(you)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)月報，同時(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)日(ri)記、紀要(yao)(yao)(yao)、月報都有(you)(you)(you)(you)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)內(nei)容。“文檔”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，包(bao)括(kuo)文件歸(gui)類按照(zhao)統(tong)一(yi)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)，統(tong)一(yi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)分門(men)別類歸(gui)盒歸(gui)柜(ju)，做(zuo)到及(ji)(ji)時(shi)、準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確和(he)(he)(he)完(wan)整。 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內(nei)容從內(nei)涵(han)上(shang)可(ke)分為(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)外(wai)(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)兩個方(fang)(fang)面。①內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)是(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)一(yi)步完(wan)善，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)操作(zuo)性(xing)，是(shi)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)組織運(yun)行(xing)行(xing)為(wei)和(he)(he)(he)個人行(xing)為(wei)，使監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)組織和(he)(he)(he)個人行(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好劣從定(ding)性(xing)、定(ding)量(liang)兩個方(fang)(fang)面具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)衡量(liang)性(xing)，以(yi)(yi)建立起(qi)獎(jiang)優懲劣和(he)(he)(he)優勝劣汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭激勵機(ji)制(zhi)，是(shi)做(zuo)好監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)在保證(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)基礎。②外(wai)(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)、進(jin)度(du)(du)、支付結算、信息與(yu)合同管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)轉化(hua)(hua)成標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建單位(wei)(wei)(wei)按照(zhao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實施(shi)方(fang)(fang)案策劃(hua)、實施(shi)、檢查、糾偏、支付與(yu)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。諸如，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建單位(wei)(wei)(wei)必須按照(zhao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、表(biao)報形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，報送各(ge)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)簽證(zheng)、認證(zheng)、檢測(ce)、評定(ding)、支付等標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)圖(tu)表(biao)及(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)驗(yan)收資料。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)了監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)服(fu)務行(xing)為(wei)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)提(ti)高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平，另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，限制(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建單位(wei)(wei)(wei)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)隨意(yi)性(xing)，推(tui)動(dong)他(ta)們施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，這(zhe)是(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)控(kong)(kong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)在基礎。例(li)如，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)、進(jin)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃(hua)、實施(shi)和(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)三結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)表(biao)制(zhi)定(ding)出來，需有(you)(you)(you)(you)相當的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)經驗(yan)才能做(zuo)出，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)強化(hua)(hua)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)對合同的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)解(jie)(jie)，迫使監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師去鉆(zhan)研業(ye)務與(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論；與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)也要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建單位(wei)(wei)(wei)按照(zhao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內(nei)容要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)去做(zuo)，推(tui)動(dong)他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高。

3、堅持控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)才能提高監理控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水平和(he)(he)(he)成效 科(ke)學(xue)(xue)是(shi)實踐經驗(yan)的(de)總結。堅持控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)就是(shi)在(zai)工程(cheng)質量，工程(cheng)進度和(he)(he)(he)工程(cheng)投資中(zhong)找(zhao)出各(ge)自的(de)內(nei)在(zai)客(ke)(ke)觀規律和(he)(he)(he)三者之(zhi)間矛盾(dun)對立統一的(de)內(nei)在(zai)聯系，監理工程(cheng)師遵循這些(xie)客(ke)(ke)觀規律去運作(zuo)，以促進合同目標最佳(jia)實現(xian)，從(cong)而體(ti)現(xian)監理工程(cheng)師的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水平和(he)(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)成效。

3.1 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)依據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)：監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)效(xiao)直觀表(biao)現在施(shi)工(gong)承(cheng)包合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目標(biao)的(de)(de)實現，而合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目標(biao)的(de)(de)實現不僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)取決(jue)于監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)平(ping)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時取決(jue)于合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)，更重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是(shi)取決(jue)于施(shi)工(gong)承(cheng)建單(dan)位(wei)完(wan)成(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目標(biao)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)素(su)質，涉(she)及建設(she)各方的(de)(de)相(xiang)互配合(he)(he)(he)(he)。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)依據(ju)(ju)是(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)承(cheng)包合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主要(yao)反映(ying)業主給監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)授(shou)權范(fan)圍(wei)、授(shou)權程度(du)以(yi)及監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)物質基(ji)礎，授(shou)權范(fan)圍(wei)和(he)授(shou)權程度(du)直接(jie)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)能(neng)否(fou)充分發揮監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)潛在水(shui)平(ping)和(he)能(neng)力；物質基(ji)礎決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)資源(yuan)投入，包括人力資源(yuan)和(he)設(she)備投入，投人多少與(yu)高低，直接(jie)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)平(ping)與(yu)成(cheng)效(xiao)。施(shi)工(gong)承(cheng)包合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)依據(ju)(ju)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)、合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)性(xing)、嚴謹(jin)性(xing)直接(jie)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)科(ke)學性(xing)。

3.2 監(jian)(jian)理(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)：控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)化(hua)(hua)雖然能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行動(dong)，但并(bing)不能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證行動(dong)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)，只(zhi)有(you)當控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)才能(neng)(neng)更(geng)好促進合(he)同(tong)(tong)目標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表現(xian)在(zai)三(san)個方面：①按照這(zhe)些(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)去控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，能(neng)(neng)否(fou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行動(dong)；②能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行動(dong)，同(tong)(tong)時程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)所涵(han)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)要滿足(zu)(zu)相(xiang)關要求(qiu)并(bing)具科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；③是(shi)(shi)否(fou)有(you)利于化(hua)(hua)解和(he)(he)(he)(he)轉化(hua)(hua)各種矛盾促使合(he)同(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方維(wei)護合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴肅性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，認(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)覆行合(he)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權力(li)與(yu)義務。 例如，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，堅持這(zhe)個質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)就可(ke)以把質(zhi)量(liang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行動(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)起來，但并(bing)不等于控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)就合(he)理(li)就科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，要使其(qi)具有(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)還必須經過一系(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，它包括預控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)（事前(qian)），施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)（事中(zhong)）和(he)(he)(he)(he)后期(qi)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)（事后），其(qi)中(zhong)事前(qian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)為：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍(wu)技術資質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)否(fou)滿足(zu)(zu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)要求(qiu)；質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證體系(xi)(xi)及(ji)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)立是(shi)(shi)否(fou)滿足(zu)(zu)規(gui)定(ding)要求(qiu)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械設(she)備技術性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)滿足(zu)(zu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)要；原材料(liao)(liao)、半成品及(ji)構件是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合(he)有(you)關技術標準(zhun)；新材料(liao)(liao)、新工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、新技術鑒定(ding)與(yu)試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)用性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；設(she)計文件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會審與(yu)技術交底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；測(ce)繪系(xi)(xi)統(tong)布設(she)及(ji)精度能(neng)(neng)否(fou)滿足(zu)(zu)要求(qiu)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術及(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，審查內(nei)容(rong)(rong)包括：①編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；②施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)安(an)排是(shi)(shi)否(fou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；③勞動(dong)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)資源供(gong)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)；④施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要方法是(shi)(shi)否(fou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；⑤技術組織(zhi)措施(shi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。事中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)為：工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)；質(zhi)量(liang)資料(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)表真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、完整性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；設(she)計變更(geng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)圖(tu)紙修改合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)檢查科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；單元(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、分項、分部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)各項隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查和(he)(he)(he)(he)驗收(shou)合(he)理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；原材料(liao)(liao)、半成品試驗與(yu)抽檢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)；組織(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)信息反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。事后科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)為：工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗收(shou)評價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，公正性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)資料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)實(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、完整性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)。

3.3 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和手段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua) 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)要講究(jiu)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)包含監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和控制方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)。①監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)首先表現在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)思(si)想方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性，就是(shi)要在(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)實踐中堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)“兩點論”，用(yong)(yong)辨證的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點去正確對待和處理(li)工(gong)(gong)程建設中遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，用(yong)(yong)公(gong)平、公(gong)正、客觀(guan)，實事(shi)求(qiu)是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)態度(du)去處理(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)合(he)同中發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)就是(shi)抓主(zhu)(zhu)要矛(mao)盾和矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，控制中分清主(zhu)(zhu)次(ci)，主(zhu)(zhu)要矛(mao)盾解(jie)決了，次(ci)要矛(mao)盾即可(ke)迎刃(ren)而解(jie)；堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)嚴格監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控與熱情幫助相結合(he)具有中國(guo)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。②監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)控制方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)，主(zhu)(zhu)要指(zhi)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)對工(gong)(gong)程項目實施(shi)進(jin)(jin)行事(shi)前、事(shi)中、事(shi)后全過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)動態控制，以事(shi)前、事(shi)中控制為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，事(shi)后控制為(wei)(wei)輔相結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，強調(diao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預見(jian)性，計(ji)(ji)劃性和指(zhi)導性，最大(da)限度(du)地采用(yong)(yong)先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網絡技(ji)術(shu)，先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)目標(biao)管理(li)及科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統計(ji)(ji)資料分析，這(zhe)些都構成控制方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)。

篇9

論(lun)文摘要：在目(mu)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設施工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)理(li)(li)行業中，測(ce)(ce)量管理(li)(li)是一項非常重要而又必不可(ke)少的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。為了提高(gao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，規范建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)欄的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業標準(zhun)，急需(xu)制定一個符合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)際(ji)并切實(shi)可(ke)行的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量監(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)規程。本文簡要介紹了整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量監(jian)理(li)(li)步(bu)驟，同時，還論(lun)述了測(ce)(ce)量監(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)主要職責及(ji)(ji)其施工(gong)(gong)(gong)測(ce)(ce)量監(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)方法(fa)及(ji)(ji)注意事項。

工程施工測量(liang)的(de)主要任務是采用專用測量(liang)器(qi)具，通過一定的(de)技術方法把設計圖紙的(de)位(wei)置、數據、幾何形狀(zhuang)真實的(de)放樣到實地(di)。其測量(liang)放樣的(de)成果直接影響(xiang)著工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目的(de)質量(liang)等級(ji)、結構、安全及建(jian)(jian)(jian)成后的(de)功能。因此(ci)，測量(liang)監理(li)是工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目監理(li)工作(zuo)中最關(guan)注(zhu)也是最重要的(de)工作(zuo)之一。

1、測量監理工作的主要過程(cheng)

測量(liang)監理工作(zuo)在整個工程(cheng)施工中主要(yao)體現在以(yi)下幾個方面：

1.1工(gong)程開工(gong)之前

(1)檢查審核(he)規劃部門提供的建筑(zhu)紅線數’據、平面控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)坐(zuo)標和高程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的準(zhun)確性(xing)。

(2)檢查設計總圖坐(zuo)標(biao)數據的準確(que)性。

(3)審(shen)查測(ce)設的(de)施(shi)工軸(zhou)線控制網(wang)(wang)(或建筑施(shi)工方格網(wang)(wang))的(de)技術方案。

(4)檢查驗(yan)收施(shi)工軸線控制網(或建筑施(shi)工方格網)的測(ce)量(liang)資料。

(5)根據(ju)規劃(hua)紅(hong)(hong)線坐(zuo)標審核(he)檢查施工單位(wei)(wei)測設的建筑物周邊位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)是否(fou)符合(he)規劃(hua)部門(men)的要(yao)求，協助規劃(hua)部門(men)驗收(shou)建筑紅(hong)(hong)線。

(6)檢查護坡樁、降水(shui)井位置(zhi)是否(fou)符合設計要求(qiu)。

(7)檢(jian)查高程(cheng)引測數據(ju)是(shi)否正確(que)，高程(cheng)控(kong)制測量是(shi)否符合規(gui)范(fan)要求。

1.2結(jie)構施工過程中(zhong)

 (1)檢查施(shi)工軸線的放線，既要依據施(shi)工測量規范檢查每層軸線控制(zhi)線位置的準確性(xing)，又要抽(chou)查墻邊(bian)線的準確性(xing)。

(2)檢查每層鋼筋上測設(she)的(de)50線標(biao)高，檢查墻體、墻柱上的(de)一米線或50線是(shi)否正確。

(3)根據軸線(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)、墻體模板控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)(30線(xian)或50線(xian))檢(jian)查(cha)外墻體是否傾斜。

(4)檢查墻體(ti)邊線的同時也要檢查墻體(ti)鋼筋位置是否正確。

(5)檢查(cha)每個墻體(ti)的大角線(一(yi)般是從首(shou)層根據軸線設在墻體(ti)里(li)邊20cm的大角線)。

(6)檢查(cha)每層樓板(ban)澆灌后(hou)混凝土面(mian)的結構標高。

(7)檢查(cha)電梯井(jing)內壁的垂直度及內口尺寸。

(8)檢查并(bing)指導進行(xing)建筑物沉降觀測、傾斜觀測工作。

1.3測量責任和(he)資(zi)料管(guan)理

(1)除每次測(ce)量的測(ce)量方案需技(ji)術負(fu)責(ze)人確認外，每次測(ce)量后，負(fu)責(ze)跑尺、觀鏡、校對、復核、審核的責(ze)任(ren)人應簽(qian)字。

(2)原(yuan)始(shi)記(ji)錄和根據原(yuan)始(shi)記(ji)錄整(zheng)理的測量(liang)結果(guo)均(jun)是(shi)測量(liang)技術資料(liao)。

(3)技(ji)(ji)術負責人(ren)在每(mei)次審核測量結果時，一旦發現建筑(zhu)物的垂直度或沉降有異常，有責任向(xiang)專(zhuan)業監理(li)工程師報(bao)告，隱情(qing)不報(bao)，技(ji)(ji)術負責人(ren)應承擔責任。

(4)專業監理工程師將定期抽查(cha)測(ce)量資料。施工單位應積極配(pei)合。

2、測量監理職責

2.1根據項目監理大綱制定測量(liang)監理細則

工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)核心(xin)，在工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量、進(jin)度、投資三大(da)目(mu)(mu)標控制(zhi)(zhi)中，質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)根本的(de)(de)。測(ce)量放樣成(cheng)果又是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)涉及(ji)到工程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)。工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)業主(zhu)通過合同關(guan)系委(wei)托建(jian)設(she)監(jian)理單位對工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)行全面、全過程(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量監(jian)督和(he)管理來實現的(de)(de)，所以(yi)監(jian)理人員(yuan)日常(chang)，大(da)量、繁重的(de)(de)任務就是(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)問題，因此(ci)，應制(zhi)(zhi)定好測(ce)量監(jian)理細(xi)則(ze)。

2.2測量監督細(xi)則內容

建設項目監理(li)制在外國已經有幾百(bai)年的歷史，在我(wo)國尚屬剛剛起步，并逐(zhu)漸向制度化(hua)(hua)、規范化(hua)(hua)、科學化(hua)(hua)的管理(li)模式邁進，因而要使工程項目在實施的過程中使參建各(ge)方(fang)明確(que)監理(li)工作(zuo)的性(xing)質、作(zuo)用、方(fang)法和監理(li)工作(zuo)程序。

2.3測量監理工(gong)程(cheng)師職責

測(ce)(ce)量監理(li)(li)工(gong)程師要(yao)具(ju)備較高的(de)專業(ye)知識(shi)和(he)(he)豐富的(de)實踐經驗，具(ju)有較強(qiang)的(de)管理(li)(li)能(neng)力，熟(shu)悉(xi)工(gong)程建設、行政管理(li)(li)、合同管理(li)(li)經驗及(ji)行業(ye)規范標準并(bing)持有注冊資格(ge)證書，同時還要(yao)有一定的(de)協(xie)調能(neng)力。能(neng)指導承包商(shang)加強(qiang)管理(li)(li)，掌握測(ce)(ce)量新技術，及(ji)時發(fa)現和(he)(he)解決施工(gong)中存在的(de)測(ce)(ce)量技術問題。

3、施工測量監理的方法及注意(yi)事項

3.1工作方法

測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監理(li)應嚴格按照細則的(de)(de)(de)有關內(nei)容、規定、程(cheng)(cheng)序加強測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)外業和內(nei)業的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)工作，做到全(quan)面掌握施(shi)(shi)工承包單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)情況和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。作為測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監理(li)人員應對(dui)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設項目中每(mei)一個(ge)部位(wei)施(shi)(shi)工施(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、校核，發現問題(ti)及時(shi)整改，特(te)別對(dui)于(yu)重要部位(wei)，隱蔽工程(cheng)(cheng)，不(bu)能有絲毫麻(ma)痹大意，更應加強測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)工作，以(yi)免結(jie)業主和承包商(shang)還來不(bu)可估量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和不(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)經濟損失。

3.2檢查方法

測量監(jian)理對于工程質量控制，主要采用旁站和(he)現場檢測的(de)方法進行。

旁(pang)站(zhan)檢(jian)查(cha)是指(zhi)根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)難度，復雜性及穩定程(cheng)(cheng)度，可采(cai)用全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)旁(pang)站(zhan)、部分時(shi)間旁(pang)站(zhan)和檢(jian)查(cha)抽(chou)查(cha)三種形式，對于重要部位及隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)尤其應該加強旁(pang)站(zhan)檢(jian)查(cha)。檢(jian)查(cha)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是控制(zhi)測量過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)作(zuo)業方法，使用儀器、操作(zuo)人員(yuan)、計算方法等(deng)是否符合(he)范技(ji)術(shu)規定以及批準(zhun)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)。

現場檢(jian)測(ce)是指在旁站檢(jian)查的(de)基礎上采用監理自備的(de)儀(yi)器或者(zhe)承包(bao)商的(de)儀(yi)器工(gong)(gong)具對(dui)建筑物的(de)幾何尺寸(cun)、平面位置及高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)等進行(xing)復核(he)校(xiao)對(dui)，這是質(zhi)量控制(zhi)的(de)重要(yao)手段。作用是保證各分部(bu)、分項及單(dan)位工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)位置、尺寸(cun)、高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)符合設計要(yao)求，并達到允許限差之(zhi)內(nei)。檢(jian)查方法(fa)是現場對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)承包(bao)單(dan)位的(de)測(ce)量成(cheng)果(guo)進行(xing)儀(yi)器檢(jian)測(ce)，其中還要(yao)包(bao)括對(dui)內(nei)業(ye)計算數據(ju)進行(xing)復核(he)。

其他方法：監(jian)理(li)(li)方的檢測(ce)工作除自行檢測(ce)外，也(ye)可(ke)委托、指定社會信譽好，具(ju)有測(ce)繪(hui)行業(ye)主管部(bu)門頒發(fa)的甲級測(ce)繪(hui)資格證書(shu)及有工程(cheng)測(ce)量業(ye)務內容的專(zhuan)業(ye)測(ce)繪(hui)單位進行。也(ye)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)監(jian)理(li)(li)方監(jian)督(du)下(xia)由(you)承(cheng)包商在(zai)(zai)現場(chang)檢測(ce)，監(jian)理(li)(li)負(fu)責(ze)審核，以確認承(cheng)包商提供的施測(ce)、放樣及檢測(ce)成果(guo)的正確性。

3.3注意事項

①監理方(fang)應對委托(tuo)、指定的(de)檢測單位的(de)資質情況(kuang)如(ru)資質等級、技術能力、業務(wu)范圍、社會(hui)信譽、提供的(de)儀(yi)器(qi)、人員、執行(xing)的(de)規范等進行(xing)審核，符(fu)合要求方(fang)可(ke)開(kai)展工(gong)作。

篇10

關鍵詞：工程(cheng)監理控制工作

1工程監理控制(zhi)及其重要(yao)意義

控(kong)制(zhi)就是指“制(zhi)約一個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)行動(dong)，用最少的(de)(de)(de)信息，實現(xian)最優的(de)(de)(de)調控(kong)，使之適(shi)應于環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)變化，以取得最大的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)期效(xiao)果”。控(kong)制(zhi)是管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)重要職(zhi)能(neng)，是保證目標，決(jue)策、部署安排得以實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)手段。控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是確(que)保一個系(xi)統(tong)目標的(de)(de)(de)實現(xian)。

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目控制就(jiu)是指項目實(shi)施(shi)過程(cheng)中，經(jing)常地進(jin)(jin)行投資(zi)目標(biao)值(zhi)、進(jin)(jin)度(du)目標(biao)值(zhi)，質量(liang)目標(biao)值(zhi)與實(shi)際(ji)投資(zi)支出資(zi)、實(shi)際(ji)進(jin)(jin)度(du)值(zhi)、實(shi)際(ji)質量(liang)值(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行比較，若(ruo)發(fa)現(xian)偏離目標(biao)，則采取(qu)糾偏措施(shi)，以確保項目總(zong)目標(biao)的實(shi)現(xian)，這就(jiu)是工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目動態控制。

監(jian)理(li)受業主(zhu)的委托以(yi)合同為(wei)依(yi)據，對工程項目實施進(jin)行監(jian)督與(yu)管理(li)。控制(zhi)(zhi)是監(jian)理(li)任(ren)務(wu)的核心，從根(gen)本上講沒(mei)有(you)控制(zhi)(zhi)就沒(mei)有(you)監(jian)理(li)，控制(zhi)(zhi)是建設監(jian)理(li)目標實現的重要保證，是其目標實現的必(bi)要手段。在工程項目建設中要使監(jian)理(li)控制(zhi)(zhi)有(you)成效(xiao)，就必(bi)須堅(jian)持控制(zhi)(zhi)程序(xu)化(hua)、標準化(hua)和科學化(hua)。

2堅持控(kong)制(zhi)程序化是做好監理控(kong)制(zhi)工作(zuo)的(de)前提

監理程序是從監理實踐中摸索并總結(jie)出來的帶有規(gui)律性(xing)的工作次(ci)序。

施(shi)工階段的監理程(cheng)序(xu)是在施(shi)工程(cheng)序(xu)基礎(chu)上(shang)形成的，嚴格執(zhi)行監理程(cheng)序(xu)就能(neng)使(shi)施(shi)工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)各主要(yao)環節、主要(yao)工序(xu)處于(yu)受控狀態，只有在受控狀態下才能(neng)把握住施(shi)工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)活動脈搏，適(shi)時發現問題(ti)及時解(jie)決問題(ti)。

例如，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)須按監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)規定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)報(bao)送開(kai)工(gong)(gong)申請書及相關施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)文件，經(jing)(jing)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)批準后才能開(kai)工(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)個程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)無疑強化了(le)(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建單位(wei)充分做好開(kai)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)各項準備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，同時保證監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)的正確(que)意見被采納吸(xi)收，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)(le)事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)控制(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)堅持(chi)單元(工(gong)(gong)序(xu))質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)查驗收程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，即上(shang)道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)沒經(jing)(jing)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)檢(jian)查驗收，下道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)不能施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)個程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)保證單元(工(gong)(gong)序(xu))質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)在受(shou)控狀態(tai)，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)(le)事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)單元質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)出(chu)現質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故，事(shi)(shi)(shi)故處理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)保證監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)事(shi)(shi)(shi)后控制(zhi)。從這(zhe)個事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)后全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)可以看出(chu)，它反映了(le)(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)規律、順(shun)序(xu)，它制(zhi)約(yue)了(le)(le)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)系統(tong)的行動，保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)主(zhu)要環節，主(zhu)要工(gong)(gong)序(xu)處于(yu)受(shou)控狀態(tai)。

再如，工(gong)(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)程序，它保證了支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)這個系統按照(zhao)一定順(shun)序、一定的審批(pi)權限及相關的支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)標準和要(yao)求高效有序運行，有效地控制住支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)系統；其中(zhong)沒有監理工(gong)(gong)程師付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)簽證，承包商就得不(bu)到(dao)付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)，這就實現了監理質量(liang)一票(piao)否決權，從而保證監理工(gong)(gong)程師在(zai)現場中(zhong)心地位，故堅持監理工(gong)(gong)作程序化(hua)是做好監理控制的前提與保證。

監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)可(ke)歸納為三大類，其(qi)一(yi)，為運行(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，主(zhu)(zhu)要為業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)、監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)、承包(bao)商(shang)二者之間(jian)聯系(xi)及(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，保證(zheng)(zheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)及(ji)(ji)時傳(chuan)遞(di)和(he)反(fan)(fan)饋。其(qi)二，為監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)內(nei)部質(zhi)量(liang)體(ti)系(xi)運行(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，主(zhu)(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息收(shou)集及(ji)(ji)其(qi)傳(chuan)遞(di)途(tu)徑；會議(yi)協調(diao)；各(ge)種監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)；資(zi)料的(de)分類、整編、歸檔、各(ge)層次人員崗位職(zhi)責；建設各(ge)方(fang)(fang)的(de)關(guan)系(xi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。這(zhe)(zhe)些程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)運轉直接影響(xiang)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量(liang)，它(ta)是(shi)做好(hao)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)因素，內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)根本保證(zheng)(zheng)。凡(fan)是(shi)成功的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)必須有一(yi)個高效率的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)組織體(ti)系(xi)，質(zhi)量(liang)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)優劣除反(fan)(fan)映在(zai)(zai)(zai)人員素質(zhi)、專業(ye)(ye)配套、組織結構運轉、效果可(ke)衡量(liang)性(xing)外，重要一(yi)條就是(shi)組織可(ke)控(kong)(kong)性(xing)，可(ke)控(kong)(kong)性(xing)依賴信(xin)(xin)(xin)息傳(chuan)遞(di)暢通，信(xin)(xin)(xin)息傳(chuan)遞(di)、反(fan)(fan)饋的(de)途(tu)徑就是(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。內(nei)部可(ke)控(kong)(kong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)無疑(yi)來自縱(zong)向和(he)橫向兩個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，縱(zong)向體(ti)現(xian)命(ming)令源，責任(ren)與權(quan)限控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；橫向保證(zheng)(zheng)職(zhi)能部門配合協調(diao)和(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。其(qi)三，就是(shi)圍繞監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)任(ren)務(wu)落實制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)外在(zai)(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，包(bao)括(kuo)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、支(zhi)付結算(suan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、質(zhi)量(liang)事故處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、索賠、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變更、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)分包(bao)隊伍審(shen)批、竣工(gong)驗收(shou)等程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，這(zhe)(zhe)些程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)是(shi)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)核心與關(guan)鍵(jian)，它(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)時間(jian)和(he)空(kong)間(jian)范圍內(nei)保證(zheng)(zheng)先后開(kai)展順序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)和(he)銜接，保證(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)不(bu)漏監(jian)，同時這(zhe)(zhe)些控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)相應(ying)的(de)系(xi)統中(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約了(le)系(xi)統的(de)行(xing)動，保證(zheng)(zheng)各(ge)個系(xi)統在(zai)(zai)(zai)受控(kong)(kong)狀態(tai)。監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師只有嚴格執行(xing)這(zhe)(zhe)些基本控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)才能做好(hao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

3堅(jian)持標準化管理是做好(hao)控制(zhi)工(gong)作的(de)基(ji)礎

監(jian)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)管理(li)主要是指(zhi)：把(ba)“三控(kong)制(zhi)、兩管理(li)、一(yi)協(xie)調(diao)”三方面監(jian)理(li)內容從形式到內容都(dou)轉化(hua)為標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)管理(li)和控(kong)制(zhi)，使每一(yi)項每一(yi)步(bu)工作(zuo)都(dou)有統一(yi)規定、統一(yi)要求，都(dou)有標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)依據，都(dou)有定性、定量的(de)衡量標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)就是對隨意性的(de)限(xian)制(zhi)，因(yin)此它是控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)基礎。

監理(li)項目標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)一般歸(gui)納為“形象”標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、“現場”標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和“文檔”標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)三大標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)內容。

“形(xing)象(xiang)”標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)就是把監(jian)理(li)組織機構、監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)宗旨、監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)職責、監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)程(cheng)序、監(jian)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)值班制、承(cheng)包(bao)商質量體系(xi)等都要以一(yi)(yi)定的形(xing)象(xiang)形(xing)式展示出(chu)來，以利(li)從形(xing)象(xiang)上就一(yi)(yi)目(mu)了(le)然了(le)解監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)運行的概貌(mao)。“現場”標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)，就是預控(kong)、過(guo)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)，復驗和(he)簽認等都有(you)(you)規(gui)(gui)定程(cheng)序、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的內容(rong)要求，明(ming)確(que)的崗位職責和(he)相(xiang)關統(tong)一(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，統(tong)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)的圖表(biao)，做到每天有(you)(you)監(jian)理(li)日記、每周有(you)(you)協(xie)調會議(yi)紀要，每月(yue)有(you)(you)監(jian)理(li)月(yue)報(bao)，同時這(zhe)些日記、紀要、月(yue)報(bao)都有(you)(you)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、規(gui)(gui)定的項目(mu)內容(rong)。“文(wen)檔”標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)，包(bao)括(kuo)文(wen)件歸類(lei)按照統(tong)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)，統(tong)一(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)分門別類(lei)歸盒歸柜，做到及時、準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)和(he)完(wan)整。

監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內容從(cong)內涵(han)上可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內部(bu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)外(wai)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)。其(qi)一，內部(bu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)進一步完善，具(ju)有(you)(you)可(ke)操作性(xing)，是(shi)規(gui)(gui)范監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內部(bu)組(zu)織(zhi)運行行為(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)個人行為(wei)(wei)，使監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內部(bu)組(zu)織(zhi)和(he)(he)個人行為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)劣從(cong)定(ding)性(xing)、定(ding)量兩個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)具(ju)有(you)(you)可(ke)衡(heng)量性(xing)，以建(jian)立起獎優(you)懲劣和(he)(he)優(you)勝劣汰的(de)(de)(de)競爭激勵機制(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)做好(hao)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)保證(zheng)和(he)(he)基(ji)(ji)礎。其(qi)二，外(wai)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量、進度、支付結算、信(xin)息與(yu)合同管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)(yao)求施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建(jian)單(dan)(dan)位按(an)照監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實施(shi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)策劃、實施(shi)、檢查、糾(jiu)偏(pian)、支付與(yu)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。諸(zhu)如(ru)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建(jian)單(dan)(dan)位必須按(an)照監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)內容標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、表(biao)報形式，報送各種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目簽(qian)證(zheng)、認證(zheng)、檢測、評定(ding)、支付等標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)圖表(biao)及標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)各種驗收資料。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)規(gui)(gui)范了監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)服務(wu)行為(wei)(wei)，有(you)(you)利于監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人員提(ti)高管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平，另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，限制(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)建(jian)單(dan)(dan)位在(zai)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)意(yi)性(xing)，推動他們施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，這是(shi)外(wai)控(kong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)外(wai)在(zai)基(ji)(ji)礎。例如(ru)，監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)要(yao)(yao)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量、進度和(he)(he)投資的(de)(de)(de)計劃、實施(shi)和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)三結合的(de)(de)(de)圖表(biao)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)出(chu)來，需有(you)(you)相當的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)經驗才能做出(chu)，這樣就強化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)對合同的(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)解，迫使監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)去(qu)鉆研(yan)業務(wu)與(yu)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論；與(yu)此同時也要(yao)(yao)求施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建(jian)單(dan)(dan)位按(an)照監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)內容要(yao)(yao)求去(qu)做，推動他們的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)水平的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高。

同時，若這些標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)管理得到(dao)(dao)業主(zhu)的(de)認可，只要監(jian)理都按照標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)去(qu)做，工(gong)程(cheng)出現了(le)偏差或沒有達到(dao)(dao)合同要求，監(jian)理工(gong)作質量優劣也有衡量標準(zhun)(zhun)以(yi)利(li)鑒別是非，客觀評價(jia)監(jian)理工(gong)作，所以(yi)它(ta)是做好控制(zhi)工(gong)作的(de)一(yi)項基礎(chu)性工(gong)作。

4堅持(chi)控制科學化才(cai)能提高監理控制水平和成效(xiao)

科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)是(shi)實(shi)踐經驗(yan)的總結。堅持控(kong)(kong)制科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)化就是(shi)在工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量，工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度和工(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)中找出各自(zi)的內在客觀(guan)規律(lv)和三(san)者之間矛盾對立統(tong)一的內在聯系，監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師遵循這些客觀(guan)規律(lv)去運(yun)作，以促進(jin)合同目標最(zui)佳實(shi)現，從而體現監(jian)(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師的控(kong)(kong)制水平和控(kong)(kong)制成(cheng)效。

控(kong)制科學(xue)化(hua)包括控(kong)制依據的(de)(de)科學(xue)化(hua)、控(kong)制程序的(de)(de)科學(xue)化(hua)、標準管理(li)的(de)(de)科學(xue)化(hua)、監理(li)方法(fa)和手段的(de)(de)科學(xue)化(hua)及合同管理(li)與協調的(de)(de)科學(xue)性。

4．1監(jian)理依據(ju)的(de)科學性

監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制成(cheng)效直(zhi)觀(guan)表現(xian)(xian)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)承包(bao)(bao)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目標(biao)的實(shi)現(xian)(xian)，而合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目標(biao)的實(shi)現(xian)(xian)不僅僅取決(jue)于(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制水平，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時取決(jue)于(yu)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的科學性，更重要(yao)(yao)的是取決(jue)于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)承建(jian)單位(wei)完成(cheng)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)目標(biao)綜合素質(zhi)(zhi)，涉及建(jian)設各方的相互配合。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制的依據是監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)承包(bao)(bao)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)反(fan)映業主(zhu)給監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的授(shou)權范圍(wei)、授(shou)權程度以及監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的物質(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎，授(shou)權范圍(wei)和(he)(he)(he)授(shou)權程度直(zhi)接決(jue)定(ding)能否(fou)充分(fen)發揮監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潛在(zai)水平和(he)(he)(he)能力(li)；物質(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎決(jue)定(ding)了監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的資源(yuan)投(tou)(tou)入，包(bao)(bao)括人(ren)力(li)資源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)設備投(tou)(tou)入，投(tou)(tou)人(ren)多少與高(gao)低，直(zhi)接決(jue)定(ding)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的控(kong)(kong)制水平與成(cheng)效。施(shi)工(gong)承包(bao)(bao)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依據，合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的科學性、合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)性、嚴謹性直(zhi)接決(jue)定(ding)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制的科學性。

施工(gong)承建(jian)單(dan)位的(de)(de)綜合素(su)(su)質是(shi)(shi)(shi)決定能否全面覆行合同(tong)義務，實(shi)現(xian)合同(tong)目標(biao)的(de)(de)根本保(bao)證(zheng)。選準一個守信用(yong)、重合同(tong)，綜合素(su)(su)質較高的(de)(de)施工(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)程建(jian)設成敗的(de)(de)關鍵。一個與承包工(gong)程的(de)(de)規模、技術不(bu)(bu)相適(shi)應的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)合格施工(gong)承包單(dan)位，監理是(shi)(shi)(shi)難(nan)以通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制來實(shi)現(xian)合同(tong)目標(biao)的(de)(de)，能做到的(de)(de)僅僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)監控把(ba)合同(tong)風險減少到一定程度(du)。因為社會監理性(xing)質屬(shu)于(yu)技術服務和咨(zi)詢而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)承包，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)品的(de)(de)直接生產(chan)者(zhe)，它的(de)(de)責任是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)科學的(de)(de)控制促進合同(tong)目標(biao)實(shi)現(xian)，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能保(bao)證(zheng)目標(biao)的(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)。

當然這只是(shi)問題的(de)(de)一(yi)個方(fang)面(mian)，另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)是(shi)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)程(cheng)師是(shi)否充分發(fa)揮(hui)了(le)主(zhu)觀能動作用，通過科學的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與管理轉化矛盾(dun)，化解矛盾(dun)，把(ba)不利(li)因(yin)素最大限度地(di)轉化為對工(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)建設(she)(she)有利(li)因(yin)素，最大限度減少合同風險。因(yin)此，衡(heng)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)理控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)成敗不僅僅直(zhi)接地(di)表現在合同目(mu)標是(shi)否實現，在建筑市場(chang)未完全規(gui)范的(de)(de)條件(jian)下更重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是(shi)表現在監(jian)(jian)理控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水平和水平的(de)(de)發(fa)揮(hui)，即衡(heng)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)理控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)成效(xiao)，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)看(kan)所(suo)承建的(de)(de)項目(mu)合同目(mu)標是(shi)否實現，另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)當合同目(mu)標沒有實現時要(yao)分析產生的(de)(de)原因(yin)，考(kao)(kao)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)理的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水平和主(zhu)觀能動作用的(de)(de)發(fa)揮(hui)，這樣才能客觀地(di)評價監(jian)(jian)理對工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)所(suo)發(fa)揮(hui)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)不可(ke)替代作用。那(nei)么怎樣考(kao)(kao)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)理的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水平呢?那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)科學化程(cheng)度。

監理(li)依(yi)據的(de)科(ke)學性(xing)包(bao)括與工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)相關的(de)法(fa)律、法(fa)令、法(fa)規，相關的(de)技術(shu)(shu)規范、標準、質量標準、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)件、監理(li)合同、工(gong)程(cheng)承包(bao)合同等。這些(xie)都是監理(li)工(gong)作之本(ben)，都是從(cong)長期工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)與社(she)會實踐中(zhong)總結(jie)提煉(lian)的(de)科(ke)學結(jie)晶，控制是否科(ke)學化的(de)根(gen)本(ben)就(jiu)在于(yu)是否按(an)照(zhao)這些(xie)依(yi)據去控制，守“理(li)”者不(bu)問，違“理(li)”者必究，執法(fa)要(yao)(yao)嚴明，做到鐵面無(wu)私，一(yi)(yi)絲不(bu)茍，既要(yao)(yao)當好工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)的(de)執法(fa)官，又要(yao)(yao)做好工(gong)程(cheng)質量衛道士，對(dui)監理(li)依(yi)據要(yao)(yao)全面理(li)解融(rong)會貫(guan)通。科(ke)學的(de)精髓是動態的(de)，又是不(bu)斷創新(xin)的(de)，一(yi)(yi)方面嚴格按(an)照(zhao)科(ke)學技術(shu)(shu)規范、標準進行監控，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面提高大膽創新(xin)，積(ji)極(ji)慎重引用(yong)(yong)新(xin)材料(liao)、新(xin)技術(shu)(shu)、新(xin)工(gong)藝，加(jia)以(yi)科(ke)學利用(yong)(yong)。對(dui)于(yu)合同的(de)某些(xie)條款和(he)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)件中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)妥(tuo)之處，積(ji)極(ji)通過一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)序(xu)一(yi)(yi)定審(shen)批權限加(jia)以(yi)完(wan)善(shan)、修(xiu)正和(he)優(you)化使其更具(ju)科(ke)學性(xing)。

4.2監理程序的科學化

控制(zhi)(zhi)程序化雖然能(neng)(neng)控制(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)應的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)行(xing)動(dong)，但并(bing)不能(neng)(neng)保證行(xing)動(dong)內容的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)化，只有當控制(zhi)(zhi)程序科(ke)學(xue)(xue)化才能(neng)(neng)更(geng)好促進合(he)同目標的(de)實(shi)現。監理程序的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)性表現在三個方面。其一，按照這些程序去控制(zhi)(zhi)，能(neng)(neng)否(fou)(fou)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)相(xiang)應系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)行(xing)動(dong)(能(neng)(neng)否(fou)(fou)把(ba)各自相(xiang)應系(xi)(xi)統(tong)控制(zhi)(zhi)起來)；其二(er)，能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)相(xiang)應系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)行(xing)動(dong)，同時(shi)程序所涵蓋的(de)內容要(yao)滿足相(xiang)關要(yao)求(qiu)并(bing)具(ju)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)性；其三，是否(fou)(fou)有利于化解(jie)和轉化各種(zhong)矛盾促使合(he)同雙方維護合(he)同的(de)嚴(yan)肅性，認真覆(fu)行(xing)合(he)同中的(de)權力與義(yi)務。

例如，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量控(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，堅持這個質量控(kong)制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)就可(ke)以把(ba)質量系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)行動(dong)制(zhi)約起來(lai)，但并不等于控(kong)制(zhi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)就合理就科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)使其具(ju)有科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)還必須經過一系(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)監(jian)控(kong)，它(ta)包(bao)括預控(kong)(事前)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(事中)和(he)后期監(jian)控(kong)(事后)，其中事前控(kong)制(zhi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)為：施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍技(ji)術(shu)(shu)資(zi)質能否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)滿(man)足(zu)合同要(yao)(yao)(yao)求；質量保(bao)證體(ti)系(xi)(xi)及(ji)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統設(she)立是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)滿(man)足(zu)規定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)機械設(she)備技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)能是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)滿(man)足(zu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)；原材(cai)料(liao)、半成品及(ji)構件(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)符(fu)合有關技(ji)術(shu)(shu)標準；新材(cai)料(liao)、新工(gong)(gong)藝、新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)鑒定(ding)與試驗(yan)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)；設(she)計(ji)(ji)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)會審(shen)與技(ji)術(shu)(shu)交底的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)；測(ce)繪(hui)系(xi)(xi)統布設(she)及(ji)精度(du)能否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)滿(man)足(zu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)及(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)、合理性(xing)，審(shen)查(cha)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)包(bao)括①編制(zhi)依據的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)⑦施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)安排是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)③勞動(dong)力(li)和(he)資(zi)源供(gong)應是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)相(xiang)適應④施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)⑤技(ji)術(shu)(shu)組織措施(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)。事中的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)為：工(gong)(gong)序(xu)質量監(jian)控(kong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)；質量資(zi)料(liao)和(he)質量控(kong)制(zhi)圖表真實性(xing)、完整性(xing)和(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)；設(she)計(ji)(ji)變更和(he)圖紙修(xiu)改合理性(xing)；施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業的(de)(de)規范(fan)性(xing)和(he)檢查(cha)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)性(xing)；單元工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、分項、分部(bu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)各項隱蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)和(he)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)合理性(xing)；原材(cai)料(liao)、半成品試驗(yan)與抽檢的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)；組織質量信息反(fan)饋的(de)(de)先進性(xing)。事后科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)監(jian)控(kong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)為：工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)評(ping)價的(de)(de)客觀性(xing)，公(gong)正性(xing)，竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)資(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)真實性(xing)、完整性(xing)、規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)。

通過事前、事中、事后一(yi)系列程序化的監控(kong)使其各項(xiang)程序中控(kong)制內(nei)容滿足(zu)合(he)同要求和(he)相關技術(shu)規范、技術(shu)標準(zhun)規定，使其更具科學(xue)化。

4.3監理方法和手段的科學(xue)化

監(jian)(jian)理的(de)方(fang)(fang)式方(fang)(fang)法(fa)要(yao)(yao)講究科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。監(jian)(jian)理方(fang)(fang)法(fa)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)包含監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)(fang)法(fa)和控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。其(qi)一，監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)首先(xian)表現(xian)在監(jian)(jian)理思想方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性，就是要(yao)(yao)在監(jian)(jian)理實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)堅(jian)持(chi)“兩點(dian)論”，用(yong)辨證的(de)觀(guan)點(dian)去(qu)(qu)正確對待和處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設中(zhong)(zhong)遇到的(de)問(wen)題，用(yong)公平、公正、客觀(guan)，實(shi)事(shi)(shi)求是的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作態度去(qu)(qu)處理施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)同中(zhong)(zhong)發生(sheng)的(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)就是抓主要(yao)(yao)矛(mao)盾(dun)和矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)面，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)清主次(ci)，主要(yao)(yao)矛(mao)盾(dun)解決了，次(ci)要(yao)(yao)矛(mao)盾(dun)即(ji)可迎刃(ren)而解(如制(zhi)(zhi)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量目標(biao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)就是抓主要(yao)(yao)矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)典(dian)型)；堅(jian)持(chi)嚴格監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與熱情(qing)幫(bang)助(zhu)相結合(he)具有中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色的(de)監(jian)(jian)理方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。其(qi)二，監(jian)(jian)理控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，主要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，監(jian)(jian)理對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目實(shi)施(shi)進行事(shi)(shi)前、事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、事(shi)(shi)后全過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)動態控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，以事(shi)(shi)前、事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)為主，事(shi)(shi)后控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)為輔(fu)相結合(he)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，強調監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)預見性，計(ji)劃性和指(zhi)導性，最大限度地(di)采用(yong)先(xian)進的(de)網(wang)絡技術，先(xian)進的(de)計(ji)算(suan)機目標(biao)管(guan)理及科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)統計(ji)資料分(fen)析(xi)，這些都構成控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。

控(kong)制手段(duan)(duan)(duan)包括旁站監理(li)，指令性文(wen)件，各種會議，支付(fu)手段(duan)(duan)(duan)，嚴格(ge)執行監理(li)程序(xu)，工程測量，檢測試驗(yan)，計算機輔助(zhu)管理(li)等手段(duan)(duan)(duan)，運用這些手段(duan)(duan)(duan)時要得(de)當，有度、合理(li)、有效、技術(shu)先(xian)進等構成控(kong)制手段(duan)(duan)(duan)的科(ke)學化。

4.4合(he)同管(guan)理科學化

工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度(du)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標構成了施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)承包合(he)(he)同目(mu)(mu)(mu)標，合(he)(he)同目(mu)(mu)(mu)標是一個有機整體。三者(zhe)之間(jian)既相互(hu)影響又相互(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)約，存在著矛盾(dun)對立統(tong)一的辨(bian)證(zheng)關(guan)(guan)系。監(jian)理在合(he)(he)同管(guan)理中決(jue)不能孤立偏面地(di)追求(qiu)某一方(fang)面，而忽視另外兩方(fang)面，在控制(zhi)(zhi)中要合(he)(he)理、科學地(di)統(tong)籌(chou)考(kao)慮目(mu)(mu)(mu)標的整體利益。采(cai)用定量(liang)分(fen)析(xi)和定性分(fen)析(xi)相結合(he)(he)的方(fang)法，具(ju)(ju)體分(fen)析(xi)質量(liang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標、進度(du)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標和投(tou)資(zi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標三者(zhe)之間(jian)的關(guan)(guan)系，在矛盾(dun)中求(qiu)得目(mu)(mu)(mu)標的統(tong)一，尋求(qiu)最佳的項目(mu)(mu)(mu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案，這是合(he)(he)同管(guan)理中最具(ju)(ju)科學化的一項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。