商業銀行數字化轉型風險探討

時間:2023-01-06 09:25:15

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商業銀行數字化轉型風險探討

[提要]目前,風險管理是商業銀行數字化轉型中所面對的重要課題。商業銀行實施風險管理(li),有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)在數字化轉型(xing)中及時發(fa)現風險(xian)(xian)并對其進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制,進(jin)(jin)而有(you)利(li)于(yu)促進(jin)(jin)銀行(xing)(xing)的長遠發(fa)展。識別(bie)商業銀行(xing)(xing)在數字化轉型(xing)中面(mian)臨(lin)一定(ding)風險(xian)(xian)基礎(chu)上,通過風險(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣(zhen)(zhen)評(ping)(ping)估模(mo)型(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)析(xi)和評(ping)(ping)價(jia),以期為商業銀行(xing)(xing)提供風險(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣(zhen)(zhen)評(ping)(ping)估分(fen)析(xi)方(fang)法。

關鍵詞:商業銀行(xing)數字化轉型(xing);風(feng)險管理;風(feng)險矩陣

近幾年,由于金融科技的(de)發展迅速(su)以(yi)及宏(hong)觀政策的(de)引(yin)領,數(shu)字化浪潮席卷而來。我(wo)國銀行也在各個方面相應加快數(shu)字化轉型(xing),為客(ke)戶提供(gong)更優(you)質、更豐富的(de)金融產(chan)品和(he)服務。但(dan)新產(chan)品和(he)工(gong)具應用的(de)出(chu)(chu)現,也相應地會帶來許多亟待探究與解決的(de)問題。其中,轉型(xing)過程中帶來的(de)風險和(he)挑戰是不(bu)能回避(bi)的(de)問題。不(bu)能有效地管理數(shu)字化轉型(xing)中的(de)風險,將會約束(shu)銀行持續(xu)健康發展。因此,本(ben)文以(yi)商(shang)業銀行為例,對其在數(shu)字化轉型(xing)中出(chu)(chu)現的(de)主要風險問題進行探究,以(yi)期引(yin)起(qi)銀行相關(guan)人員的(de)重視與反思。

一、商業銀行數字化轉型風險管理

(一)商業(ye)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)程。商業(ye)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)是指(zhi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)部門對銀行(xing)業(ye)務的數(shu)(shu)字化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型所面臨的風(feng)險(xian)(xian),制定(ding)適(shi)(shi)合的風(feng)險(xian)(xian)策略并依據目前所處(chu)的內外(wai)部環(huan)境,確定(ding)分配所需的人(ren)力(li)和(he)(he)財力(li)的資(zi)源,減(jian)少或降低風(feng)險(xian)(xian)后果的嚴(yan)重程度(du)和(he)(he)范(fan)圍的管(guan)理(li)過(guo)程。銀行(xing)為了適(shi)(shi)應(ying)數(shu)(shu)字化轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型的新業(ye)態(tai)模式,將風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)程分為風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)估、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)應(ying)對和(he)(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)監控三(san)個(ge)(ge)主要過(guo)程。其中,風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)估這一過(guo)程由風(feng)險(xian)(xian)識(shi)別、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)分析及風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)價三(san)個(ge)(ge)階段構成(cheng)。

(二)基(ji)于(yu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)矩陣的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理必(bi)要性。風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理領(ling)域有(you)許多管理方(fang)法,各有(you)利弊。其中(zhong),財政部發布(bu)的(de)(de)基(ji)本指引中(zhong)指出,風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)矩陣是(shi)(shi)一種具有(you)靈活性強和辨識度高等(deng)特(te)點(dian)的(de)(de)結(jie)構化(hua)的(de)(de)管理方(fang)法,被廣泛運用于(yu)實際(ji)操作(zuo)中(zhong)。風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)矩陣是(shi)(shi)綜合(he)(he)考慮風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發生的(de)(de)概率和發生后(hou)果的(de)(de)影響(xiang)等(deng)級,將風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和等(deng)級在矩陣圖中(zhong)繪制,是(shi)(shi)一種簡單易(yi)理解(jie)的(de)(de)可視化(hua)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理工(gong)具。風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)矩陣的(de)(de)評估方(fang)法明顯優勢在于(yu):一方(fang)面可以結(jie)合(he)(he)其他(ta)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理方(fang)法對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進行評估,也可以單獨(du)使(shi)用,具有(you)靈活性和可塑性;另一方(fang)面通過定(ding)量和定(ding)性相結(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi),有(you)利于(yu)及(ji)時、準確地發現存在的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)表達方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)簡化(hua)便于(yu)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理部門的(de)(de)理解(jie)和操作(zuo)。因此(ci),無論在理論還是(shi)(shi)實踐中(zhong),風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)矩陣都對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管理的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)具有(you)前(qian)瞻(zhan)性和指導意義(yi)。

二、基于風險矩陣的商業銀行數字化轉型風險評估

(一)商業銀行數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)識別。風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)識別是指尋找(zhao)銀行在(zai)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)過程中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)點,然后進行系統的(de)(de)(de)分析和歸納(na)。識別出(chu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),銀行可以針對(dui)其存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)及時采取相應的(de)(de)(de)策略。通過調查問卷(juan)以及詢問在(zai)該領域的(de)(de)(de)專家對(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)點的(de)(de)(de)描述,分析出(chu)商業銀行在(zai)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)將面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)新風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)以及傳統風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)防控難度更大。具體如表1所示。(表1)

(二)商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)析(xi)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)析(xi)是(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估的關鍵(jian)環(huan)節。基(ji)于(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣的商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)析(xi)主要(yao)由(you)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣設(she)(she)計、風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素(su)重要(yao)性排序(xu)和總體風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)平評(ping)價(jia)所(suo)構成。1、應用于(yu)商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣設(she)(she)計。根(gen)據(ju)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估的需要(yao),在ESC人員提出原始矩(ju)陣的基(ji)礎(chu)上,設(she)(she)計出應用于(yu)該新(xin)模式下的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣模型(xing)。首先把(ba)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)發生的概率及其后(hou)果的嚴重程度分(fen)成五個等級,如表(biao)(biao)2、表(biao)(biao)3所(suo)示,然后(hou)再綜合考(kao)慮上述兩個準則確定(ding)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的等級,如表(biao)(biao)4所(suo)示。(表(biao)(biao)2、表(biao)(biao)3、表(biao)(biao)4)2、商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素(su)重要(yao)性排序(xu)。為了(le)識別(bie)出最關鍵(jian)的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),ESC的研究人員提出可以在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣的基(ji)礎(chu)上結合Borda序(xu)值法。

三、商業銀行風險應對策略

風(feng)險(xian)應對是(shi)根據風(feng)險(xian)評估的(de)結果,通過采取相應的(de)方法和手段,以此來降低風(feng)險(xian),從而實現高質量(liang)、高效率的(de)數字化(hua)轉型。商業(ye)銀行應對風(feng)險(xian)的(de)主要策略具體(ti)如下:

(一)以科學的辦法防范(fan)主要風險

1、信(xin)(xin)用風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)防范。信(xin)(xin)用風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是銀(yin)行(xing)在數字(zi)化轉型(xing)過(guo)程中(zhong)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)與產(chan)品有關(guan)的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),要(yao)想(xiang)防范該風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。首先,商(shang)(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)可(ke)以(yi)利用數據和流(liu)程的(de)(de)自動化,建立屬(shu)于(yu)自身的(de)(de)客(ke)戶信(xin)(xin)用體系(xi)。既可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)事前審查來確保是經營風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)低(di)(di)和信(xin)(xin)用良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)客(ke)戶;也可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)事后監控來確保可(ke)以(yi)及時發現(xian)借款人的(de)(de)經濟變化狀況,進而采取有效的(de)(de)措施(shi)規(gui)避(bi)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。其次,有關(guan)部門應(ying)加快完善相關(guan)的(de)(de)法律法規(gui),降低(di)(di)出(chu)現(xian)金融(rong)欺詐活(huo)動發生的(de)(de)概率,以(yi)便(bian)于(yu)約束(shu)和規(gui)范顧客(ke)的(de)(de)行(xing)為,更(geng)好(hao)(hao)地保證(zheng)征(zheng)信(xin)(xin)活(huo)動的(de)(de)順利進行(xing)。最后,商(shang)(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)應(ying)注重應(ying)用合(he)規(gui)科技。合(he)規(gui)的(de)(de)科技能有效避(bi)免商(shang)(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)與監管(guan)兩者之間的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息不對(dui)稱,那么銀(yin)行(xing)就可(ke)以(yi)降低(di)(di)監管(guan)的(de)(de)成本,進而市場(chang)的(de)(de)透(tou)明度也將得到提升。

2、新型(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)防(fang)范。商(shang)業銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)不應忽視數字化轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)帶來新型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian),即數據(ju)(ju)(ju)、模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)場(chang)(chang)景風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。在(zai)防(fang)范數據(ju)(ju)(ju)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)上,銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)應建立(li)和(he)(he)完(wan)善數據(ju)(ju)(ju)治理(li)(li)體系,并且強化數據(ju)(ju)(ju)質量(liang)控制、數據(ju)(ju)(ju)管(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)力和(he)(he)應用能(neng)力。在(zai)防(fang)范模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)上,銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)應將(jiang)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)當作獨立(li)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)給予重視。既(ji)要建立(li)對模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)全(quan)面管(guan)理(li)(li)框架(jia),對模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)流程管(guan)理(li)(li),也(ye)(ye)要評估(gu)和(he)(he)驗證(zheng)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)準確性和(he)(he)充足性,以此(ci)來保證(zheng)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)可解(jie)釋(shi)性和(he)(he)可審計性。在(zai)防(fang)范場(chang)(chang)景風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)上,銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)需要定(ding)期監控場(chang)(chang)景的(de)狀況,也(ye)(ye)要對質量(liang)進(jin)行(xing)評估(gu),也(ye)(ye)要在(zai)業務流程中加入提醒的(de)環節。

3、市場風險(xian)的(de)防范。一(yi)是(shi)對(dui)內部資金(jin)應(ying)加強(qiang)管(guan)理,對(dui)于資金(jin)的(de)用(yong)途也要(yao)(yao)分(fen)散使用(yong)。該方法不僅(jin)可以有效防范風險(xian),當風險(xian)發生時也可以使損失降低(di)。二是(shi)利用(yong)模(mo)型(xing)來對(dui)市場中的(de)風險(xian)進(jin)行評估(gu)和(he)度量,要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)分(fen)析和(he)總結自己(ji)和(he)其他銀行所出(chu)現的(de)風險(xian),并及(ji)時找出(chu)原因和(he)解決的(de)方案。三(san)是(shi)對(dui)交易型(xing)的(de)資產(chan)要(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)管(guan)理和(he)控制。

4、流(liu)動(dong)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)防范(fan)。首先(xian),深入(ru)分析客(ke)戶群體的(de)(de)(de)行為并(bing)監(jian)測新模式和業務的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動(dong)資金,這(zhe)樣可以(yi)有效(xiao)識別流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)新特征。其(qi)次(ci),應(ying)建(jian)立和完善風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理體系,加強對資金的(de)(de)(de)管理和流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)限額控制,強化流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)細(xi)化管理能力(li)。最(zui)后,商業銀行應(ying)積(ji)累流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關數據,并(bing)根(gen)據此數據建(jian)立有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)模型(xing)。一(yi)旦有一(yi)些新產品和新業務缺乏歷史數據,商業銀行應(ying)加強前瞻性(xing)(xing)對風(feng)險(xian)(xian)進行研究和判斷,對流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估要謹慎對待。

5、聲(sheng)譽風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)防范。面對數字(zi)化轉(zhuan)型的(de)(de)(de)新態(tai)勢,商(shang)業銀(yin)行應(ying)加強對聲(sheng)譽風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li),才可(ke)以(yi)維(wei)護自身形(xing)象。首先,應(ying)該明確聲(sheng)譽風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)重點內容(rong),將信貸風(feng)險(xian)(xian)以(yi)及員工管理(li)等敏感(gan)問題給予重點關注(zhu),并(bing)且定期排查可(ke)能(neng)存在的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)譽風(feng)險(xian)(xian),以(yi)此來降低(di)聲(sheng)譽風(feng)險(xian)(xian)發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)概率。其(qi)次,建立(li)和完善聲(sheng)譽應(ying)急的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)機制。如果(guo)發(fa)生輿情事(shi)件(jian),應(ying)啟動(dong)應(ying)急方案(an)迅速處置(zhi),避免事(shi)件(jian)發(fa)酵升級。最后(hou),加強與外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系。向社會公示商(shang)業銀(yin)行的(de)(de)(de)工作情況,并(bing)加大宣傳,讓群眾深入(ru)了解(jie),有效化解(jie)聲(sheng)譽風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。

(二)提高(gao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)能(neng)(neng)力。目前(qian),對(dui)(dui)于銀行(xing)數字(zi)化(hua)轉型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)存在很多不(bu)足。因(yin)此,商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)既需要(yao)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)力量(liang),也需要(yao)內部(bu)(bu)力量(liang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)力的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。從外(wai)部(bu)(bu)角(jiao)度(du)來(lai)看,需要(yao)國家制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)政策(ce)。一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)構應(ying)(ying)(ying)建(jian)立和完(wan)善風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)預警體(ti)系,利用(yong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)數據庫對(dui)(dui)運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)數據進(jin)行(xing)匯總,進(jin)而對(dui)(dui)數據庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)指標進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce);另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)構也可以(yi)通過(guo)區塊鏈等技(ji)術來(lai)達到分(fen)布式監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果,利用(yong)大數據建(jian)立應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案,對(dui)(dui)市(shi)場(chang)主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)變(bian)化(hua)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析,來(lai)尋找(zhao)將會出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)素,提前(qian)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案,以(yi)最大限度(du)地控制(zhi)(zhi)后果的(de)(de)(de)影響程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)和范圍。從內部(bu)(bu)角(jiao)度(du)來(lai)看,商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)認(ren)真遵守(shou)和執行(xing)國家和監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)要(yao)求和程(cheng)(cheng)序,并要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)發揮(hui)自身的(de)(de)(de)主觀能(neng)(neng)動(dong)性(xing),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期召開專家會議討論(lun)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang),并通過(guo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)審報告數字(zi)化(hua)轉型(xing)中(zhong)各風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情(qing)況(kuang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)策(ce)略提供(gong)依據。另外(wai),指定(ding)(ding)(ding)專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工檢(jian)查(cha)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控的(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)是否符合規(gui)范,各個部(bu)(bu)門(men)也要(yao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期或不(bu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期的(de)(de)(de)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)專門(men)人員(yuan)對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)審核(he)。也可以(yi)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)層抽查(cha),把各個部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)意見和建(jian)議及(ji)時(shi)向有(you)關(guan)人員(yuan)傳達,以(yi)采取相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)策(ce)略。商(shang)業(ye)銀行(xing)在更新內部(bu)(bu)員(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)知識時(shi),也應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)時(shi)刻保持自身的(de)(de)(de)自律性(xing),強調(diao)社會責任,避免違法(fa)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)及(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利益而觸碰底線的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。

(三(san))充分開發利(li)用復合(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才資源。隨著(zhu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)浪潮的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)襲,讓(rang)商(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)認識到擁(yong)有大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才是(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。商(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)可以(yi)通過以(yi)下具(ju)體措施來(lai)引進(jin)和培(pei)養(yang)復合(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才:首先,銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)應(ying)重視(shi)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群體思(si)維的(de)(de)(de)(de)構建(jian),加(jia)強培(pei)訓(xun)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)對(dui)(dui)大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)學習和應(ying)用能(neng)力(li),使其能(neng)夠擁(yong)有大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據思(si)維適應(ying)當前的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨勢;其次(ci),銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)也不能(neng)忽視(shi)人(ren)(ren)才隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內部培(pei)養(yang),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期培(pei)訓(xun)和考(kao)核員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)關于(yu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)判斷、分析以(yi)及監(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li),以(yi)培(pei)養(yang)和留住復合(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、高素質的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理部門員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)隊伍(wu);再(zai)次(ci),完善激勵約束機制(zhi),對(dui)(dui)成績(ji)優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)給(gei)予一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獎勵,有利(li)于(yu)提高員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)對(dui)(dui)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)防范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感程度(du);最后,應(ying)對(dui)(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)意(yi)(yi)識進(jin)行(xing)(xing)強化(hua)(hua),針對(dui)(dui)銀(yin)保監(jian)綜合(he)檢查發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題,梳理問(wen)(wen)(wen)題臺賬,推(tui)進(jin)有效整改,并制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)成案例教育手冊,在(zai)會議中組織員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)學習,切實提升風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)合(he)規(gui)意(yi)(yi)識。讓(rang)從業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中時刻保持高度(du)警惕(ti),主動(dong)規(gui)避風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)。通過上述幾(ji)個(ge)方面(mian)來(lai)填補商(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)中在(zai)復合(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)才隊伍(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)空隙,有效地解決當前所面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)能(neng)力(li)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題。綜上,基(ji)于(yu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估方法具(ju)有全面(mian)和客(ke)觀性的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,是(shi)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)基(ji)礎。本文以(yi)商(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)為例,通過風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)矩(ju)陣評(ping)(ping)估模型(xing)(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分析和評(ping)(ping)價,以(yi)期為我國(guo)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理提供一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)。

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作者:孫鑠然 單位:山東工商學院會(hui)計學院